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Definition of research
(Entry 1 of 2)
Definition of research (Entry 2 of 2)
transitive verb
intransitive verb
- disquisition
- examination
- exploration
- inquisition
- investigation
- delve (into)
- inquire (into)
- investigate
- look (into)
Examples of research in a Sentence
These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'research.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.
Word History
Middle French recerche , from recercher to go about seeking, from Old French recerchier , from re- + cerchier, sercher to search — more at search
1577, in the meaning defined at sense 3
1588, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1
Phrases Containing research
- marketing research
- market research
- operations research
- oppo research
research and development
- research park
- translational research
Dictionary Entries Near research
Cite this entry.
“Research.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/research. Accessed 9 Jul. 2024.
Kids Definition
Kids definition of research.
Kids Definition of research (Entry 2 of 2)
More from Merriam-Webster on research
Nglish: Translation of research for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of research for Arabic Speakers
Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about research
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research noun 1
- Hide all quotations
What does the noun research mean?
There are seven meanings listed in OED's entry for the noun research , three of which are labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
How common is the noun research ?
| 1750 | 3.7 |
| 1760 | 5.7 |
| 1770 | 7.8 |
| 1780 | 11 |
| 1790 | 15 |
| 1800 | 17 |
| 1810 | 17 |
| 1820 | 18 |
| 1830 | 21 |
| 1840 | 21 |
| 1850 | 24 |
| 1860 | 20 |
| 1870 | 23 |
| 1880 | 21 |
| 1890 | 23 |
| 1900 | 22 |
| 1910 | 25 |
| 1920 | 36 |
| 1930 | 52 |
| 1940 | 68 |
| 1950 | 97 |
| 1960 | 120 |
| 1970 | 170 |
| 1980 | 200 |
| 1990 | 200 |
| 2000 | 210 |
| 2010 | 210 |
How is the noun research pronounced?
British english, u.s. english, where does the noun research come from.
Earliest known use
The earliest known use of the noun research is in the late 1500s.
OED's earliest evidence for research is from 1577, in ‘F. de L'Isle’'s Legendarie .
research is apparently formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item.
Etymons: re- prefix , search n.
Nearby entries
- rescuing, adj. 1574–
- resculpt, v. 1926–
- resculpting, n. 1940–
- rescussee, n. 1652–1823
- rescusser, n. 1632–1704
- rese, n. Old English–1600
- rese, v.¹ Old English–1450
- rese, v.² Old English–1582
- reseal, v. 1624–
- resealable, adj. 1926–
- research, n.¹ 1577–
- re-search, n.² 1605–
- research, v.¹ 1588–
- re-search, v.² 1708–
- researchable, adj. 1927–
- research and development, n. 1892–
- researched, adj. 1636–
- researcher, n. 1615–
- researchful, adj. a1834–
- research hospital, n. 1900–
- researching, n. 1611–
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Meaning & use
Pronunciation, compounds & derived words, entry history for research, n.¹.
research, n.¹ was revised in March 2010.
research, n.¹ was last modified in July 2023.
oed.com is a living text, updated every three months. Modifications may include:
- further revisions to definitions, pronunciation, etymology, headwords, variant spellings, quotations, and dates;
- new senses, phrases, and quotations.
Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into research, n.¹ in July 2023.
Earlier versions of this entry were published in:
OED First Edition (1906)
- Find out more
OED Second Edition (1989)
- View research, n.¹ in OED Second Edition
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Citation details
Factsheet for research, n.¹, browse entry.
Look up a word, learn it forever.
Other forms: researches; researching; researched
In their spare time, teenagers LOVE doing extra research , by investigating the facts of a certain subject and studying and recording what they learn. And if you believe that, you need to do more research on the habits of teenagers.
Research comes from the Old French word recercher , meaning "seek out," or "search closely." When you do research, you are searching for knowledge and facts. Although you write plenty of research papers in college, on anything from the Industrial Revolution to the meaning behind a fur-lined teacup, the term is often used when talking about science, because scientists use step-by-step research to prove what is true, or not true, in their line of work.
- noun a search for knowledge “their pottery deserves more research than it has received” synonyms: enquiry , inquiry see more see less types: show 11 types... hide 11 types... nature study the study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level) experiment , experimentation the testing of an idea empirical research an empirical search for knowledge investigation , probe an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities canvass , opinion poll , poll , public opinion poll , survey an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people heraldry the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies pilot experiment a preliminary experiment whose outcome can lead to a more extensive experiment test , trial , trial run , tryout trying something to find out about it fishing expedition an investigation undertaken in the hope (but not the stated purpose) of discovering information exit poll a poll of voters as they leave the voting place; usually taken by news media in order to predict the outcome of an election straw poll , straw vote an unofficial vote taken to determine opinion on some issue type of: problem solving the thought processes involved in solving a problem
- noun systematic investigation to establish facts see more see less types: show 15 types... hide 15 types... operations research research designed to determine most efficient way to do something field work an investigation carried out in the field rather than in a laboratory or headquarters market research , marketing research research that gathers and analyzes information about the moving of good or services from producer to consumer microscopy research with the use of microscopes probe an investigation conducted using a flexible surgical instrument to explore an injury or a body cavity research project , scientific research research into questions posed by scientific theories and hypotheses big science scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results biological research scientific research conducted by biologists experiment , experimentation the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation market analysis marketing research that yields information about the marketplace product research marketing research that yields information about desired characteristics of the product or service consumer research marketing research that yields information about the motives and needs of different classes of consumers electron microscopy microscopy with the use of electron microscopes dark field illumination , dark ground illumination a form of microscopic examination of living material by scattered light; specimens appear luminous against a dark background fluorescence microscopy light microscopy in which the specimen is irradiated at wavelengths that excite fluorochromes type of: investigating , investigation the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically
- verb inquire into “the students had to research the history of the Second World War for their history project” synonyms: delve , explore , search see more see less types: show 5 types... hide 5 types... prospect explore for useful or valuable things or substances, such as minerals google search the internet (for information) using the Google search engine mapquest search for a location and directions by means of the MapQuest program re-explore explore anew beat about , cast about , cast around search anxiously type of: investigate , look into investigate scientifically
- verb attempt to find out in a systematic and scientific manner “The student researched the history of that word” see more see less types: consult , look up , refer seek information from type of: investigate , look into investigate scientifically
Vocabulary lists containing research
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- research (noun)
- research (verb)
- research and development (noun)
- research park (noun)
- market research (noun)
- cancer/AIDS/drug research
- medical/scientific/scholarly research
- She conducts research into/on the causes of Alzheimer's disease.
- Recent research shows/indicates that the disease is caused in part by bad nutrition.
- The study is an important piece of research .
- research data/findings
- a research group/organization/scientist
- a research assistant
- a research program/project
- a research lab/laboratory/library/center
- a research paper/report
- ( formal + old-fashioned ) We read about Sigmund Freud's researches into the human psyche.
- He did a lot of research before buying his car.
— researcher
- Medical researchers say that the drug is useless.
- She is researching [= investigating ] the relationship between stress and heart disease.
- He spent the summer researching his dissertation.
- Before going out to eat, she researched area restaurants.
- The reporter made hundreds of telephone calls while researching the story.
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Online Language Dictionaries
| '; audChoice = audChoice.replace(/ selected=["']selected["']/gm, '');var audT = document.getElementById('audT');if ((audT) && (audPref)) { //Parse the content if(audPref.indexOf(':') > -1) { var audPrefAccent = audPref.split(':')[0]; var playbackRate = audPref.split(':')[1]; } else { var audPrefAccent = audPref; var playbackRate = 1; } var re = new RegExp('( UK and possibly other pronunciationsUK and possibly other pronunciations/rɪˈsɜː tʃ/ USA pronunciation: IPA/rɪˈsɝtʃ, ˈrisɝtʃ/ US:USA pronunciation: respellingUSA pronunciation: respelling(ri sûrch , rē sûrch) | | | | | | |WordReference Random House Learner's Dictionary of American English © 2024 re•search n. ] careful patient study of a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, principles, etc.[] ]a particular piece of research. v. ~ + object]He researched the subject.[no object]spending time researching. , n. [ ] /rɪˈsɜːtʃ; ˈriːsɜːtʃ/ n vb Etymology: 16th Century: from Old French to seek, search again, from re- + to search adj n WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024 re-search ),USA pronunciation v.t., v.i. - + search 1740–50 re•search , rē sûrch),USA pronunciation n. v.i. v.t. to seek, Old French, equivalent. to re- + to search; (noun, nominal) a•ble, adj. er, re•search ist, n. scrutiny, study. See study, inquire, examine, scrutinize. ' also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations): - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , , , , , , , , research the [topic, issue, subject, market, war, ruins], [market, medical, nano, educational] research, a research [guide, project, method, facility, foundation, team], Forum discussions with the word(s) "research" in the title: Go to page and choose from different actions for taps or mouse clicks. In other languages: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Early Modern French rechercher ( “ to examine closely ” ) , from Old French recerchier ( “ to seek, to look for ” ) , by surface analysis , re- + search . Pronunciation
research ( countable and uncountable , plural researches )
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
research ( third-person singular simple present researches , present participle researching , simple past and past participle researched )
From English research , from early Modern French rechercher ( “ to examine closely ” ) , from Old French recerchier ( “ to seek, to look for ” ) . Forms a doublet with Dutch recherche , which is a direct borrowing from French.
research f ( uncountable , diminutive researchje n ) Usage notesThe plural is very rare or non-existent.
Unadapted borrowing from English research . First attested in the 1960s. [1] research c ( uncountable )
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You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Related wordResearch | intermediate english, research | business english, examples of research, collocations with research. These are words often used in combination with research . Click on a collocation to see more examples of it. Translations of researchGet a quick, free translation!  Word of the Day an expression of surprise or feeling sorry about a mistake or slight accident  Fakes and forgeries (Things that are not what they seem to be)  Learn more with +Plus
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 Home Market Research What is Research: Definition, Methods, Types & Examples The search for knowledge is closely linked to the object of study; that is, to the reconstruction of the facts that will provide an explanation to an observed event and that at first sight can be considered as a problem. It is very human to seek answers and satisfy our curiosity. Let’s talk about research. Content Index What is Research?What are the characteristics of research.
Qualitative methodsQuantitative methods, 8 tips for conducting accurate research. Research is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or research problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.” Inductive methods analyze an observed event, while deductive methods verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative research , and deductive methods are more commonly associated with quantitative analysis . Research is conducted with a purpose to:
What is the purpose of research?There are three main purposes:
LEARN ABOUT: Descriptive Analysis
LEARN ABOUT: Best Data Collection Tools
Here is a comparative analysis chart for a better understanding:
It begins by asking the right questions and choosing an appropriate method to investigate the problem. After collecting answers to your questions, you can analyze the findings or observations to draw reasonable conclusions. When it comes to customers and market studies, the more thorough your questions, the better the analysis. You get essential insights into brand perception and product needs by thoroughly collecting customer data through surveys and questionnaires . You can use this data to make smart decisions about your marketing strategies to position your business effectively. To make sense of your study and get insights faster, it helps to use a research repository as a single source of truth in your organization and manage your research data in one centralized data repository . Types of research methods and Examples Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and Quantitative . Both methods have distinctive properties and data collection methods . Qualitative research is a method that collects data using conversational methods, usually open-ended questions . The responses collected are essentially non-numerical. This method helps a researcher understand what participants think and why they think in a particular way. Types of qualitative methods include:
Quantitative methods deal with numbers and measurable forms . It uses a systematic way of investigating events or data. It answers questions to justify relationships with measurable variables to either explain, predict, or control a phenomenon. Types of quantitative methods include:
LEARN MORE: Descriptive Research vs Correlational Research Remember, it is only valuable and useful when it is valid, accurate, and reliable. Incorrect results can lead to customer churn and a decrease in sales. It is essential to ensure that your data is:
Gather insights 
Review your goals before making any conclusions about your study. Remember how the process you have completed and the data you have gathered help answer your questions. Ask yourself if what your analysis revealed facilitates the identification of your conclusions and recommendations. LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR SOFTWARE FREE TRIAL MORE LIKE THIS Positive Correlation: What It Is, Importance & How It WorksJul 5, 2024  Exit Interviews: Transforming Departures into Growth OpportunitiesJul 4, 2024  Techathon by QuestionPro: An Amazing Showcase of Tech BrillianceJul 3, 2024  Types of Journey Maps: Navigating Customer ExperienceOther categories.
Advertisement [ ri- surch , ree -surch ] recent research in medicine. Synonyms: study , scrutiny
verb (used without object)
verb (used with object)to research a matter thoroughly. Synonyms: scrutinize , examine , inquire , study / ˈriːsɜːtʃ; rɪˈsɜːtʃ /
Derived Forms
Other Words From
Word History and OriginsOrigin of research 1 Synonym StudyExample sentences. Have you tried to access the research that your tax dollars finance, almost all of which is kept behind a paywall? Have a look at this telling research from Pew on blasphemy and apostasy laws around the world. And Epstein continues to steer money toward universities to advance scientific research. The research literature, too, asks these questions, and not without reason. We also have a growing body of biological research showing that fathers, like mothers, are hard-wired to care for children. We find by research that smoking was the most general mode of using tobacco in England when first introduced. This class is composed frequently of persons of considerable learning, research and intelligence. Speaking from recollection, it appears to be a work of some research; but I cannot say how far it is to be relied on. Thomas Pope Blount died; an eminent English writer and a man of great learning and research. That was long before invention became a research department full of engineers. Related Words
 Home » Research – Types, Methods and Examples Research – Types, Methods and ExamplesTable of Contents  Definition: Research refers to the process of investigating a particular topic or question in order to discover new information , develop new insights, or confirm or refute existing knowledge. It involves a systematic and rigorous approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data, and requires careful planning and attention to detail. History of ResearchThe history of research can be traced back to ancient times when early humans observed and experimented with the natural world around them. Over time, research evolved and became more systematic as people sought to better understand the world and solve problems. In ancient civilizations such as those in Greece, Egypt, and China, scholars pursued knowledge through observation, experimentation, and the development of theories. They explored various fields, including medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. During the Middle Ages, research was often conducted by religious scholars who sought to reconcile scientific discoveries with their faith. The Renaissance brought about a renewed interest in science and the scientific method, and the Enlightenment period marked a major shift towards empirical observation and experimentation as the primary means of acquiring knowledge. The 19th and 20th centuries saw significant advancements in research, with the development of new scientific disciplines and fields such as psychology, sociology, and computer science. Advances in technology and communication also greatly facilitated research efforts. Today, research is conducted in a wide range of fields and is a critical component of many industries, including healthcare, technology, and academia. The process of research continues to evolve as new methods and technologies emerge, but the fundamental principles of observation, experimentation, and hypothesis testing remain at its core. Types of ResearchTypes of Research are as follows:
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis MethodsData Analysis Methods in Research are as follows:
Research MethodologyResearch methodology refers to the overall approach and strategy used to conduct a research study. It involves the systematic planning, design, and execution of research to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses. The main components of research methodology include:
Applications of ResearchResearch has a wide range of applications across various fields and industries. Some of the key applications of research include:
Importance of ResearchResearch plays a crucial role in advancing human knowledge and understanding in various fields of study. It is the foundation upon which new discoveries, innovations, and technologies are built. Here are some of the key reasons why research is essential:
When to use ResearchResearch is typically used when seeking to answer questions or solve problems that require a systematic approach to gathering and analyzing information. Here are some examples of when research may be appropriate:
Characteristics of ResearchThe following are some of the characteristics of research:
Advantages of ResearchResearch has several advantages, including:
Limitations of ResearchSome Limitations of Research are as follows:
About the author Muhammad HassanResearcher, Academic Writer, Web developer You may also like Philosopher – Definition, Types and Work Area Concept – Definition, Types and Examples What is Anthropology – Definition and Overview Scholarly Paper – Format, Example and Writing... Political Scientist – Definition, Types and Work... Biologist – Definition, Types and Work AreaHuman Subjects OfficeMedical terms in lay language. Please use these descriptions in place of medical jargon in consent documents, recruitment materials and other study documents. Note: These terms are not the only acceptable plain language alternatives for these vocabulary words. This glossary of terms is derived from a list copyrighted by the University of Kentucky, Office of Research Integrity (1990). For clinical research-specific definitions, see also the Clinical Research Glossary developed by the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials (MRCT) Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) . Alternative Lay Language for Medical Terms for use in Informed Consent DocumentsA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ABDOMEN/ABDOMINAL body cavity below diaphragm that contains stomach, intestines, liver and other organs ABSORB take up fluids, take in ACIDOSIS condition when blood contains more acid than normal ACUITY clearness, keenness, esp. of vision and airways ACUTE new, recent, sudden, urgent ADENOPATHY swollen lymph nodes (glands) ADJUVANT helpful, assisting, aiding, supportive ADJUVANT TREATMENT added treatment (usually to a standard treatment) ANTIBIOTIC drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIMICROBIAL drug that kills bacteria and other germs ANTIRETROVIRAL drug that works against the growth of certain viruses ADVERSE EFFECT side effect, bad reaction, unwanted response ALLERGIC REACTION rash, hives, swelling, trouble breathing AMBULATE/AMBULATION/AMBULATORY walk, able to walk ANAPHYLAXIS serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction ANEMIA decreased red blood cells; low red cell blood count ANESTHETIC a drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain, or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep ANGINA pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart ANGINA PECTORIS pain resulting from not enough blood flowing to the heart ANOREXIA disorder in which person will not eat; lack of appetite ANTECUBITAL related to the inner side of the forearm ANTIBODY protein made in the body in response to foreign substance ANTICONVULSANT drug used to prevent seizures ANTILIPEMIC a drug that lowers fat levels in the blood ANTITUSSIVE a drug used to relieve coughing ARRHYTHMIA abnormal heartbeat; any change from the normal heartbeat ASPIRATION fluid entering the lungs, such as after vomiting ASSAY lab test ASSESS to learn about, measure, evaluate, look at ASTHMA lung disease associated with tightening of air passages, making breathing difficult ASYMPTOMATIC without symptoms AXILLA armpit BENIGN not malignant, without serious consequences BID twice a day BINDING/BOUND carried by, to make stick together, transported BIOAVAILABILITY the extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body BLOOD PROFILE series of blood tests BOLUS a large amount given all at once BONE MASS the amount of calcium and other minerals in a given amount of bone BRADYARRHYTHMIAS slow, irregular heartbeats BRADYCARDIA slow heartbeat BRONCHOSPASM breathing distress caused by narrowing of the airways CARCINOGENIC cancer-causing CARCINOMA type of cancer CARDIAC related to the heart CARDIOVERSION return to normal heartbeat by electric shock CATHETER a tube for withdrawing or giving fluids CATHETER a tube placed near the spinal cord and used for anesthesia (indwelling epidural) during surgery CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) brain and spinal cord CEREBRAL TRAUMA damage to the brain CESSATION stopping CHD coronary heart disease CHEMOTHERAPY treatment of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents CHRONIC continuing for a long time, ongoing CLINICAL pertaining to medical care CLINICAL TRIAL an experiment involving human subjects COMA unconscious state COMPLETE RESPONSE total disappearance of disease CONGENITAL present before birth CONJUNCTIVITIS redness and irritation of the thin membrane that covers the eye CONSOLIDATION PHASE treatment phase intended to make a remission permanent (follows induction phase) CONTROLLED TRIAL research study in which the experimental treatment or procedure is compared to a standard (control) treatment or procedure COOPERATIVE GROUP association of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials CORONARY related to the blood vessels that supply the heart, or to the heart itself CT SCAN (CAT) computerized series of x-rays (computerized tomography) CULTURE test for infection, or for organisms that could cause infection CUMULATIVE added together from the beginning CUTANEOUS relating to the skin CVA stroke (cerebrovascular accident) DERMATOLOGIC pertaining to the skin DIASTOLIC lower number in a blood pressure reading DISTAL toward the end, away from the center of the body DIURETIC "water pill" or drug that causes increase in urination DOPPLER device using sound waves to diagnose or test DOUBLE BLIND study in which neither investigators nor subjects know what drug or treatment the subject is receiving DYSFUNCTION state of improper function DYSPLASIA abnormal cells ECHOCARDIOGRAM sound wave test of the heart EDEMA excess fluid collecting in tissue EEG electric brain wave tracing (electroencephalogram) EFFICACY effectiveness ELECTROCARDIOGRAM electrical tracing of the heartbeat (ECG or EKG) ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE an imbalance of minerals in the blood EMESIS vomiting EMPIRIC based on experience ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION viewing an internal part of the body with a lighted tube ENTERAL by way of the intestines EPIDURAL outside the spinal cord ERADICATE get rid of (such as disease) Page 2 of 7 EVALUATED, ASSESSED examined for a medical condition EXPEDITED REVIEW rapid review of a protocol by the IRB Chair without full committee approval, permitted with certain low-risk research studies EXTERNAL outside the body EXTRAVASATE to leak outside of a planned area, such as out of a blood vessel FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the branch of federal government that approves new drugs FIBROUS having many fibers, such as scar tissue FIBRILLATION irregular beat of the heart or other muscle GENERAL ANESTHESIA pain prevention by giving drugs to cause loss of consciousness, as during surgery GESTATIONAL pertaining to pregnancy HEMATOCRIT amount of red blood cells in the blood HEMATOMA a bruise, a black and blue mark HEMODYNAMIC MEASURING blood flow HEMOLYSIS breakdown in red blood cells HEPARIN LOCK needle placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting HEPATOMA cancer or tumor of the liver HERITABLE DISEASE can be transmitted to one’s offspring, resulting in damage to future children HISTOPATHOLOGIC pertaining to the disease status of body tissues or cells HOLTER MONITOR a portable machine for recording heart beats HYPERCALCEMIA high blood calcium level HYPERKALEMIA high blood potassium level HYPERNATREMIA high blood sodium level HYPERTENSION high blood pressure HYPOCALCEMIA low blood calcium level HYPOKALEMIA low blood potassium level HYPONATREMIA low blood sodium level HYPOTENSION low blood pressure HYPOXEMIA a decrease of oxygen in the blood HYPOXIA a decrease of oxygen reaching body tissues HYSTERECTOMY surgical removal of the uterus, ovaries (female sex glands), or both uterus and ovaries IATROGENIC caused by a physician or by treatment IDE investigational device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device IDIOPATHIC of unknown cause IMMUNITY defense against, protection from IMMUNOGLOBIN a protein that makes antibodies IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE drug which works against the body's immune (protective) response, often used in transplantation and diseases caused by immune system malfunction IMMUNOTHERAPY giving of drugs to help the body's immune (protective) system; usually used to destroy cancer cells IMPAIRED FUNCTION abnormal function IMPLANTED placed in the body IND investigational new drug, the license to test an unapproved new drug INDUCTION PHASE beginning phase or stage of a treatment INDURATION hardening INDWELLING remaining in a given location, such as a catheter INFARCT death of tissue due to lack of blood supply INFECTIOUS DISEASE transmitted from one person to the next INFLAMMATION swelling that is generally painful, red, and warm INFUSION slow injection of a substance into the body, usually into the blood by means of a catheter INGESTION eating; taking by mouth INTERFERON drug which acts against viruses; antiviral agent INTERMITTENT occurring (regularly or irregularly) between two time points; repeatedly stopping, then starting again INTERNAL within the body INTERIOR inside of the body INTRAMUSCULAR into the muscle; within the muscle INTRAPERITONEAL into the abdominal cavity INTRATHECAL into the spinal fluid INTRAVENOUS (IV) through the vein INTRAVESICAL in the bladder INTUBATE the placement of a tube into the airway INVASIVE PROCEDURE puncturing, opening, or cutting the skin INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG (IND) a new drug that has not been approved by the FDA INVESTIGATIONAL METHOD a treatment method which has not been proven to be beneficial or has not been accepted as standard care ISCHEMIA decreased oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow) LAPAROTOMY surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the abdominal wall to enable a doctor to look at the organs inside LESION wound or injury; a diseased patch of skin LETHARGY sleepiness, tiredness LEUKOPENIA low white blood cell count LIPID fat LIPID CONTENT fat content in the blood LIPID PROFILE (PANEL) fat and cholesterol levels in the blood LOCAL ANESTHESIA creation of insensitivity to pain in a small, local area of the body, usually by injection of numbing drugs LOCALIZED restricted to one area, limited to one area LUMEN the cavity of an organ or tube (e.g., blood vessel) LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY an x-ray of the lymph nodes or tissues after injecting dye into lymph vessels (e.g., in feet) LYMPHOCYTE a type of white blood cell important in immunity (protection) against infection LYMPHOMA a cancer of the lymph nodes (or tissues) MALAISE a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling badly MALFUNCTION condition in which something is not functioning properly MALIGNANCY cancer or other progressively enlarging and spreading tumor, usually fatal if not successfully treated MEDULLABLASTOMA a type of brain tumor MEGALOBLASTOSIS change in red blood cells METABOLIZE process of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy METASTASIS spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another METRONIDAZOLE drug used to treat infections caused by parasites (invading organisms that take up living in the body) or other causes of anaerobic infection (not requiring oxygen to survive) MI myocardial infarction, heart attack MINIMAL slight MINIMIZE reduce as much as possible Page 4 of 7 MONITOR check on; keep track of; watch carefully MOBILITY ease of movement MORBIDITY undesired result or complication MORTALITY death MOTILITY the ability to move MRI magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic pictures of the inside of the body, created using magnetic rather than x-ray energy MUCOSA, MUCOUS MEMBRANE moist lining of digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts MYALGIA muscle aches MYOCARDIAL pertaining to the heart muscle MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION heart attack NASOGASTRIC TUBE placed in the nose, reaching to the stomach NCI the National Cancer Institute NECROSIS death of tissue NEOPLASIA/NEOPLASM tumor, may be benign or malignant NEUROBLASTOMA a cancer of nerve tissue NEUROLOGICAL pertaining to the nervous system NEUTROPENIA decrease in the main part of the white blood cells NIH the National Institutes of Health NONINVASIVE not breaking, cutting, or entering the skin NOSOCOMIAL acquired in the hospital OCCLUSION closing; blockage; obstruction ONCOLOGY the study of tumors or cancer OPHTHALMIC pertaining to the eye OPTIMAL best, most favorable or desirable ORAL ADMINISTRATION by mouth ORTHOPEDIC pertaining to the bones OSTEOPETROSIS rare bone disorder characterized by dense bone OSTEOPOROSIS softening of the bones OVARIES female sex glands PARENTERAL given by injection PATENCY condition of being open PATHOGENESIS development of a disease or unhealthy condition PERCUTANEOUS through the skin PERIPHERAL not central PER OS (PO) by mouth PHARMACOKINETICS the study of the way the body absorbs, distributes, and gets rid of a drug PHASE I first phase of study of a new drug in humans to determine action, safety, and proper dosing PHASE II second phase of study of a new drug in humans, intended to gather information about safety and effectiveness of the drug for certain uses PHASE III large-scale studies to confirm and expand information on safety and effectiveness of new drug for certain uses, and to study common side effects PHASE IV studies done after the drug is approved by the FDA, especially to compare it to standard care or to try it for new uses PHLEBITIS irritation or inflammation of the vein PLACEBO an inactive substance; a pill/liquid that contains no medicine PLACEBO EFFECT improvement seen with giving subjects a placebo, though it contains no active drug/treatment PLATELETS small particles in the blood that help with clotting POTENTIAL possible POTENTIATE increase or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin (poison) by giving another drug or toxin at the same time (sometimes an unintentional result) POTENTIATOR an agent that helps another agent work better PRENATAL before birth PROPHYLAXIS a drug given to prevent disease or infection PER OS (PO) by mouth PRN as needed PROGNOSIS outlook, probable outcomes PRONE lying on the stomach PROSPECTIVE STUDY following patients forward in time PROSTHESIS artificial part, most often limbs, such as arms or legs PROTOCOL plan of study PROXIMAL closer to the center of the body, away from the end PULMONARY pertaining to the lungs QD every day; daily QID four times a day RADIATION THERAPY x-ray or cobalt treatment RANDOM by chance (like the flip of a coin) RANDOMIZATION chance selection RBC red blood cell RECOMBINANT formation of new combinations of genes RECONSTITUTION putting back together the original parts or elements RECUR happen again REFRACTORY not responding to treatment REGENERATION re-growth of a structure or of lost tissue REGIMEN pattern of giving treatment RELAPSE the return of a disease REMISSION disappearance of evidence of cancer or other disease RENAL pertaining to the kidneys REPLICABLE possible to duplicate RESECT remove or cut out surgically RETROSPECTIVE STUDY looking back over past experience SARCOMA a type of cancer SEDATIVE a drug to calm or make less anxious SEMINOMA a type of testicular cancer (found in the male sex glands) SEQUENTIALLY in a row, in order SOMNOLENCE sleepiness SPIROMETER an instrument to measure the amount of air taken into and exhaled from the lungs STAGING an evaluation of the extent of the disease STANDARD OF CARE a treatment plan that the majority of the medical community would accept as appropriate STENOSIS narrowing of a duct, tube, or one of the blood vessels in the heart STOMATITIS mouth sores, inflammation of the mouth STRATIFY arrange in groups for analysis of results (e.g., stratify by age, sex, etc.) STUPOR stunned state in which it is difficult to get a response or the attention of the subject SUBCLAVIAN under the collarbone SUBCUTANEOUS under the skin SUPINE lying on the back SUPPORTIVE CARE general medical care aimed at symptoms, not intended to improve or cure underlying disease SYMPTOMATIC having symptoms SYNDROME a condition characterized by a set of symptoms SYSTOLIC top number in blood pressure; pressure during active contraction of the heart TERATOGENIC capable of causing malformations in a fetus (developing baby still inside the mother’s body) TESTES/TESTICLES male sex glands THROMBOSIS clotting THROMBUS blood clot TID three times a day TITRATION a method for deciding on the strength of a drug or solution; gradually increasing the dose T-LYMPHOCYTES type of white blood cells TOPICAL on the surface TOPICAL ANESTHETIC applied to a certain area of the skin and reducing pain only in the area to which applied TOXICITY side effects or undesirable effects of a drug or treatment TRANSDERMAL through the skin TRANSIENTLY temporarily TRAUMA injury; wound TREADMILL walking machine used to test heart function UPTAKE absorbing and taking in of a substance by living tissue VALVULOPLASTY plastic repair of a valve, especially a heart valve VARICES enlarged veins VASOSPASM narrowing of the blood vessels VECTOR a carrier that can transmit disease-causing microorganisms (germs and viruses) VENIPUNCTURE needle stick, blood draw, entering the skin with a needle VERTICAL TRANSMISSION spread of disease WBC white blood cell The National Archives Catalog  Dates of Records End Date
*Dates of Records End Date is mandatory at the Series Level only. **The data in this field will be used for searching; dates appear in the Microform Product Title field.
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RESEARCH definition: 1. a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a…. Learn more.
The meaning of RESEARCH is studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. How to use research in a sentence.
The earliest known use of the noun research is in the late 1500s. OED's earliest evidence for research is from 1577, in 'F. de L'Isle''s Legendarie . research is apparently formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item.
Collocations Scientific research Scientific research Theory. formulate/ advance a theory/ hypothesis; build/ construct/ create/ develop a simple/ theoretical/ mathematical model; develop/ establish/ provide/ use a theoretical/ conceptual framework; advance/ argue/ develop the thesis that…; explore an idea/ a concept/ a hypothesis; make a prediction/ an inference
Research definition: diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.. See examples of RESEARCH used in a sentence.
RESEARCH definition: 1. detailed study of a subject in order to discover new information: 2. to study a subject in…. Learn more.
research: 1 n a search for knowledge "their pottery deserves more research than it has received" Synonyms: enquiry , inquiry Types: show 11 types... hide 11 types... nature study the study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level) experiment , experimentation the testing of an idea empirical research an ...
Definition of research verb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
2 meanings: 1. systematic investigation to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject 2. to carry out.... Click for more definitions.
plural researches. Britannica Dictionary definition of RESEARCH. 1. : careful study that is done to find and report new knowledge about something. [noncount] cancer/AIDS/drug research. medical/scientific/scholarly research. She conducts research into/on the causes of Alzheimer's disease.
research - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. All Free.
Recent research on deaf children has produced some interesting findings about their speech. a research project/grant/student Research on animals has led to some important medical advances. I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of traveling there. Topic Collocations Scientific Research theory. formulate/advance a theory/hypothesis
research ( countable and uncountable, plural researches) ( uncountable, countable in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self). The research station that houses Wang and his team is outside Lijiang, a city of ...
Research definition: Careful study of a given subject, field, or problem, undertaken to discover facts or principles.
RESEARCH meaning: 1. a detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a…. Learn more.
Research is defined as a meticulous and systematic inquiry process designed to explore and unravel specific subjects or issues with precision. This methodical approach encompasses the thorough collection, rigorous analysis, and insightful interpretation of information, aiming to delve deep into the nuances of a chosen field of study.
Research is the careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or research problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, "research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive methods.".
Research is a systematic endeavor to acquire understanding, broaden knowledge, or find answers to unanswered questions. It is a methodical and structured undertaking to investigate the natural and ...
Research definition: . See examples of RESEARCH used in a sentence.
Research. Definition: Research refers to the process of investigating a particular topic or question in order to discover new information, develop new insights, or confirm or refute existing knowledge.It involves a systematic and rigorous approach to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data, and requires careful planning and attention to detail. ...
For clinical research-specific definitions, see also the Clinical Research Glossary developed by the Multi-Regional Clinical Trials (MRCT) Center of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard and the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC). Alternative Lay Language for Medical Terms for use in Informed Consent Documents
Definition: The end of the time period the records themselves were created. In some many, but not all cases, this end date may be the same as the end date of the Dates of Recordkeeping and/or is In some cases, this end date may be the same as the end date of the time period covered by the subject(s) of the archival materials.
In 2020, Pew Research Center launched a new project called the National Public Opinion Reference Survey (NPORS). NPORS is an annual, cross-sectional survey of U.S. adults. Respondents can answer either by paper or online, and they are selected using address-based sampling from the United States Postal Service's computerized delivery sequence file.
Definition of research verb in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Although a vast majority of research seeks an elusive remedy, the mood is shifting. Federal funding for studying care and prevention, like some of Dr. Arce Rentería's research, has recently risen.
The research, which builds on previous work, eventually may lead to a more objective diagnostic tool, scientists said. By Teddy Rosenbluth The process for diagnosing a child with autism heavily ...
Scientists have revealed fossils of a giant salamander-like beast with sharp fangs that ruled waters before the first dinosaurs arrived. The animal, researchers say, is roughly 272-million-year ...
The research comes as robots are becoming more ubiquitous on factory floors. There were 3.9 million industrial robots working on auto and electronics assembly lines and other work settings in 2022
Last week's U.S. District Court ruling ordering the NFL to pay more than $4.7 billion in damages after ruling that the league violated antitrust laws in distributing out-of-market Sunday afternoon games on a premium subscription service known as the Sunday Ticket is an "unprecedented" decision with far-reaching implications, says Helen A. "Nellie" Drew, director of the Center for the ...
Pew Research Center asked Americans about their views of the American dream as part of a larger survey exploring their social and political attitudes. We surveyed 8,709 U.S. adults from April 8 to 14, 2024. Everyone who took part in this survey is a member of the Center's American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited ...