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Home » Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams: Check Format, Pattern And Topics For Essay And Letter Writing

Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams: Check Format, Pattern And Topics For Essay And Letter Writing

Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams: Here we have come up with the complete details regarding Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams and also attached the Descriptive Writing Topics PDF for Bank Exams. Descriptive Writing is one of the important parts of most of the bank exams like IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B, NABARD Grade A, and Nabard Grade B. The motive of this descriptive writing for bank exams is to test candidates’ general English reading & writing skills required for the job profile. In the Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams, there are two sections which are Essay Writing and Letter Writing. The Descriptive Writing for IBPS PO is for a total of 25 marks and the Descriptive Writing for SBI PO is for a total of 50 marks. The total time duration for the Descriptive Writing For bank exams is 30 minutes. Candidates who are preparing for the bank exams must practice the Descriptive Writing Topics to score more marks. Because Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams is one of the easiest scoring sections. We have provided the Descriptive Writing Topics for Bank Exams in the Descriptive Writing PDF. These Descriptive Writing Topics are added to the pdf after analyzing the latest trend and previous year’s question papers. In this Descriptive Writing for bank exams page, we have added the Descriptive Writing Topics for both essay writing and letter writing. These essay writing topics and letter writing topics added in the descriptive writing pdf for bank exams will be helpful to prepare for the upcoming bank examinations. So utilize this Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams page to learn the Descriptive Writing format, Descriptive Writing topics, patterns, and more.

 Descriptive Writing PDF For Bank Exams 

Descriptive Writing Topics PDF For Bank Exams

Descriptive Writing Topics PDF: Here we have attached the Descriptive Writing Topics PDF for bank exams for the preparation of the candidates. This Descriptive Writing Topics PDF covers both essay writing topics and letter writing topics for bank exams which are commonly asked in IBPS PO and SBI PO exams. Our experts have curated these Descriptive Writing Topics pdf which includes essay writing topics and letter writing topics after analyzing the latest trend and previous year’s questions papers. So candidates make the best use of this Descriptive Writing Topics pdf to score more marks easily in the competitive examinations.

Download Descriptive Writing Topics PDF For Bank Exams

What Is Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams? 

Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams: Descriptive Writing for bank exams is an online descriptive test. It mainly splits into two segments which include essay writing and letter writing. For the NABARD Grade A exam, they will ask other descriptive writing topics for bank exams such as precis, comprehension, and business journal-type. So aspirants can refer to this descriptive writing for bank exams page to gain knowledge about Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams. If you practice the Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams with the Descriptive Writing topics pdf for Bank Exams provided here you will surely be familiar with the Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams which will be helpful to maximize your scores in the upcoming bank exams. Before going to practice with the Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams you should be familiar with the Descriptive Writing pattern and format. So let’s read further to know the Descriptive Writing pattern and Descriptive Writing format for bank exams.

• Descriptive essay writing describes the topic through which objectives, literacy skills, Presentation skills, and knowledge of a writer are identified.
• It provides a clear picture and concise information on the topics chosen to describe.
• It enhances the vocabulary skills of the writer and also makes the writer gain the skills to deliver the content to the readers.
• Writers define the topics by Capturing events and paying attention to the issues.

Descriptive Writing Pattern for Bank Exams

Descriptive Writing Pattern for Bank Exams: Candidates can check the Descriptive Writing Pattern for various bank exams here for their reference. You can check the Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams pattern for IBPS PO, SBI PO, RBI Grade B, NABARD Grade A, and NABARD Grade B in the following table.

Descriptive Writing Format For Bank Exams

We have provided the descriptive writing format for bank exams here. The two segments that are commonly asked in most of the bank exams in descriptive writing for bank exams are,

• Descriptive Essay Writing Format

Descriptive Letter Writing Format

Descriptive essay writing format for bank exams.

Descriptive Essay Writing: Essay writing is a major part of descriptive writing topics for bank exams. Through this descriptive essay writing for bank exams, they will test the candidate’s creative writing and thought process. Some of the key Essay elements of descriptive writing for bank exams are as follows:

• The characteristics of a good essay are unity of thought, lucid language with consistency, the relevance of context, and the positioning of ideas.
• Some of the most popular descriptive writing topics for bank exams in essay writing are descriptive, narrative, argumentative, and expository essays.
• Essays on the environment, socio-political issues, current events, and financial & banking affairs are commonly asked.

Descriptive Essay Writing Format for Bank Exams

Candidates can check the Descriptive Essay Writing Format for Bank Exams here. An essay is a creative flow of ideas that has no fixed structure. However, the standard descriptive writing format for essays is given below –

• Introduction
• Body Paragraphs

How to start my essay?

Candidates can check the tips to start essay descriptive writing for bank exams provided here.

• While stating any topic, defining the introduction on the title is more important in essay writing.
• The introduction represents what is given in the latter part of the essay.
• The introduction must contain key ideas and mandatory information.

What topic do I have to choose?

• Candidates must need to choose a topic on which sufficient points could be collected at the stipulated time.
• The candidate must have known current events and objectives of the topic chosen to describe.
• The candidate should choose the topic on which impressive ideas and thoughts can be delivered.

Descriptive Letter Writing Format For Bank Exams

Descriptive Letter Writing: Letter writing is a significant part of descriptive writing for bank exams. The skill of descriptive writing for bank exams is commonly tested through Letter Writing which is the same as sending official and unofficial emails, but with a specified format. The letter defines the way of stating information, conveying messages, wishes, and gratitude, addressing grievances, and tweeting progress to the receiver. It is a communication medium between a sender and a receiver. It is a formal way of expressing thoughts. A letter aids the person to deliver everything in a systematic way and also It is a fundamental step to originate the process. Letter writing in descriptive writing for bank exams is asked mainly in two types which are given below.:

• Formal Letter
• Informal Letter

Now, let’s move on further to understand the structure, format, and descriptive writing examples for bank exam letter writing.

Descriptive Letter Writing Format: The descriptive letter writing format for bank exams is provided here for the formal and informal letter types. Aspirants can check the descriptive letter writing format provided in the table given below.

How to Convey My Message?

• Candidates have to plan which type of letter will be presented to them before starting the descriptive letter writing,

If It Is A Formal Descriptive Letter Writing

Formal Descriptive Letter Writing: Due to the official communication purpose it serves, formal letter type is most asked in descriptive writing for bank exams. It is written to both official acquaintances like schools, and colleges, as well as business acquaintances to bank managers, bureaucratic bodies, and other officials for sending official notifications or demands. Let’s check the highlights comprising a formal Letter as follows:

• Candidates must observe whether the body of the content should be addressing complaints, requisition for something, or stating information.
• Mentioning the subject clarifies to the receiver what is defined in the following content.
• The body of the content should be concise information on what needs to be delivered.
• At the end of the content, the aspirant must add a statement to express gratitude or requisition words to make the desired action to be complete.
• It is written for official and semi-official purposes only.
• The tone must be direct and structured with polite & civil language
• Some of the top formal letter descriptive writing formats for bank exams are business letters, order letters, promotional letters, enquiry letters, social letters, etc.

If It Is A Informal Descriptive Letter Writing

If It Is Informal Descriptive Letter Writing: Informal letter writing for bank exams is much easier to write in bank exams and otherwise as they don’t maintain any set of fixed regulations or tone. They are written to family, friends, and even officials for a light-hearted or friendly purpose. Let’s check the highlights comprising an Informal Letter are as follows:

• It is written for unofficial purposes only.
• Its tone can be short, simple, friendly, and even indirect to some extent.
• Some of the most common informal letter descriptive writing formats for bank exams are letters of friendship, apology, congratulations, requests, obituaries, etc.
• Candidates can express their own ideas, wishes, worries …… etc.,
• Candidates need to mention words like hey/hello/how are you? ……..  at the start of the content.

What I should not do?

Candidates can check the things that should not be done while writing the letter writing for IBPS PO 2023.

• The candidate should not use colloquial language in any form.
• Content should not be lengthy.
• The candidate should not use irrespective of words of anybody or any other organization.
• The candidate should not define fake information.
• Should not use impertinent words while suggesting remedies or opinions.

Descriptive Writing for Bank Exams – FAQs

Here we have added some FAQs related to descriptive writing for bank exams for the reference o the candidates.

Q.   How to choose a topic for descriptive essay writing for bank exams?

Candidates need to choose a topic on which sufficient points could be collected at the stipulated time and the topic should be current affairs.

Q. What are the topics asked in descriptive writing for bank exams?

Q. What is formal letter writing?

The formal letter is also known as the official letter and it is written to a respected person, reputed organization, and higher officials.

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• Descriptive Test

Essay Writing in Bank Descriptive Tests: How to Write Proper Essays

Since the descriptive tests are conducted online, papers wont be provided in the exam centre.Answers have to typed on a computer using a keyboard including letter writing

Essay Writing Basics

Reading an english essay in books or newspaper could be simple but writing it yourself is not an easy task.With just 30 minutes to complete the paper, it is necessary to know how to write a proper essay within the given time.

The total marks allotted for essays could range between 20 to 30 .Generally, the number of words is specified in the question paper itself.If its not mentioned, you may write an essay in 250 – 300 words.

It is always best to follow a format while writing an essay.So here are the important parts of a good essay:

• Introduction

Let me explain this format with a sample essay topic asked in one of the previous year UIIC AO descriptive test .

Steps taken by government to increase insurance penetration

India with a population of over 1 billion is the 2nd most populous country in the world. But the number of insured people is only around 20% which is very less compared to other countries.There could be many reasons for this shortfall such as lack of awareness or the inability of companies to reach the masses.But the government of India on its part has taken many steps to increase insurance penetration.Let us see some of them.

The biggest step taken by the government in recent years was raising the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to 49% from the earlier 26%.This amendment paved way for foreign insurance companies to start operations in India by partnering with existing entities & offer more products suited for Indian public.

In a major push to increase insurance penetration, the Indian PM Narendra modi launched “Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), a personal accident insurance scheme with coverage of Rs.2 lakh at a premium of Rs.12 / annum & Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), a life insurance scheme with coverage of Rs.2 lakh at a premium of Rs.330 / annum.

Nearly 124 million Indians have enrolled for these schemes, as of February 2016.

To promote the need for retirement savings, the central government reduced the service tax on single premium annuity policies from 3.5% to 1.4%.It brought down the premium amount to be paid by the policy holder significantly.

Although the government has brought many reforms in the insurance sector, the above steps have helped more people to take up insurance policies. So in the coming years, we can be confident of seeing higher growth in insurance penetration among Indians.

How I Wrote an Essay?

I wrote the above essay in 275 words by sticking to the already mentioned format.Any essay article should be divided into three parts for easier writing.

Introduction: It should always be the first paragraph.You must write 5 – 6 sentences covering only the general points about the question/ topic.

The topic that i chose to write was about insurance penetration.So a broad outline of the present insurance sector in India can be the only introduction that one can write.

Similarly, you should write a suitable introduction for any topic but make sure it does not exceed 6 sentences or 70 words.

Also checkout: SBI PO descriptive test pattern & cutoffs

Main body of the essay: This is where you are supposed to write all the relevant content regarding the topic.You should not explain about the introduction or the overall view here because the word limit is just 250 – 350 words.So start describing the points directly.

In the sample essay, there are only 3 paragraphs in the body section but i have mentioned 3 important steps taken by the government.

There are marks given to the structure of your content as well.So write in paras as it not only looks good but makes reading also easy.

Conclusion: Finally, the last paragraph should always be the conclusion.But it should be framed in such a way that the reader must feel like “Oh, he/ she is concluding the article”.

Look at the concluding paragraph of my passage.It contains 2 sentences but i have summarized the entire essay by stating that these steps were taken by the government & connected it with the topic (how it helps to increase insurance penetration).

Whatever topic is given, your conclusion should sum up the complete article linking it to the title.Do not end the essay abruptly without writing a proper ending statement.

How to Practice Essay Writing?

Newspapers can be the best guide to practice essay writing.We recommend you to read The Hindu or The Indian Express or The Business Line & see how they frame sentences.

• Pick any general topic & read the complete article
• Write an essay on it in the format given above

Try to write atleast 2 articles per day so that you are comfortable & confident to attend the questions on the exam day.

Books covering essays on various topics are available at cheap rates nowadays.They can be bought but remember, it is just a reference & practice guide.

* Modern Essays (more than 150) for Rs.109 – Click here to buy online

Dont expect the same articles you read in books & papers to be asked in the exam as well.Questions can be framed based on anything but if you know the basics, you can easily crack it.

Struggling to write letters?Then checkout how to write proper letters for letter writing in descriptive test

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Essay and Letter Writing Tips For Bank Mains Exams (SBI PO, IBPS PO)

Table of Contents

The descriptive writing test is a supreme part of many banking exams including IBPS PO Mains Exam 2021 which is scheduled to be held on 4th Feb 2021. In this section, there are only two questions of 25 marks each that are: letter and essay writing. This section can help the aspirants in stretching and increasing their overall marks. But what are the tips that the candidates must keep in mind while attempting essay and letter writing questions? In this article, we will be answering this question with some of the most important tips for the descriptive writing test of various banking mains Exams.

Essay and Letter Writing Tips for Bank Mains Exams

Let us first look at the tips that the candidates must follow while attempting the letter-writing question:

Letter Writing

The basic agenda for a letter-writing question is to judge a candidate how he/she conveys a message formally or informally to the addressed person. Letters are broadly classified into two types: formal and informal/personal. Both these letter types have their own set of formats which the candidate must follow while writing the letter.

Informal Letter

These letters are addressed to your near and dear ones like family members, relatives, friends, etc. Informal type of letter follows and Informal tone throughout. No professionalism is shown in the Informal type of letter. Let us now look at the format of an informal letter.

<Receiver’s Address>

<Date>

<Salutation/Greeting>

<Body of the Letter>

Yours Sincerely

Formal Letter

A formal type of letter is a totally professional letter and is written in cases of a professional relationship where are you address any government/academic/bank/an official of a different field. The tone of the letter will be formal and will be written under the shadow of professionalism. Let us now look at the format of a formal letter:

<Sender’s Address>

<Subject of Letter>

<Body of the letter >

Yours Faithfully

Also Check,

Format Of Formal Letter Writing Style

Other letter writing tips for letter writing.

• The content of the letter should be left-aligned.
• Candidates must follow the format as per the question: formal/informal.
• For formal letters , words for salutation or greetings can be, respected sir/ma’am or sir/ma’am.
• For informal letters , words like dear or hello can be used Greetings.
• Make sure that the conclusion of the letter is written in a separate paragraph. Keep the entire letter clean and tidy .
• Conclude the letter with Your Faithfully/ Sincerely.
• Avoid Grammatical mistakes and follow the tone as per the question ( formal or informal).

Essay Writing

Essay writing can be a scoring question for banking aspirants. But to ensure scoring good marks it is important to follow some tips while writing an essay in banking Mains exams.

• Read the question carefully. Is very important to understand the question and each instruction that is given in the question before beginning an essay. Mostly there are some important key points that are mentioned in the question that the candidates have to include in their essay. If the candidates go lenient while reading a question they might miss important key features that they have to include in their essay.
• There will be two questions from essay writing that will be asked from which the candidate has to choose and attempt one. It is advised that the candidates must choose the topic which he/she is aware of and have ample knowledge about that topic.
• Make sure that every point makes thorough sense and follows the main concept/topic of the essay throughout.
• Avoid spelling or grammatical mistakes as it will leave a bad impression on the readers.
• Candidates must ensure that they connect the essay from top to bottom. The readers shouldn’t feel that the candidate has left some points unexplained. For that candidates must start each paragraph with a sentence that clearly connects it to the rest of the essay.
• Finish the essay with an interesting and thought-provoking comment that is relevant as well. This will convey to the readers that the candidate is open for discussion.

Note: For both letter and essay writing questions candidates must take care of time management. Limited time will be given for both these questions so the candidates are advised to divide the time accordingly.

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Bank Essays-Part 4-Sample Essays

By Asad Yar Khan

In every Bank job, you will be required to continuously communicate with customers and analyze the information for the swift running of the Bank. The descriptive writing section tests a candidate with the writing skills needed for this very purpose. Essay Writing tests your writing ability and your skills to organize your thoughts and ideas. Therefore, good results demand good writing skills. The descriptive section is also crucial from the overall exam perspective, as it affects your overall exam score.

Many aspirants find this section challenging, but good preparation can make this part easy and scoring. So, this article will focus on the art of writing a good essay via a sample essay. Before concentrating on the essay, let’s take a look at the Exam pattern to know the importance of the English section in the Exam.

NIACL AO Exam Pattern 2021  

Phase-1 – prelims exam pattern  .

Phase-2 Exam Pattern – Mains  

Descriptive Test Mains 

The Descriptive Test will be conducted in online-mode with English as the medium of the test is of 30 minutes duration, where you will have to deal with the English Language divided into:

The descriptive test will be in English and conducted through online mode. Each candidate will be required to obtain a minimum score for each section of the objective test separately for shortlisting for the Descriptive test evaluation/Interview. Descriptive answer script would be evaluated only in respect of those candidates who qualify for the objective test. Depending on the number of vacancies available, cut-offs will be decided for Descriptive paper evaluation.  

Sample Essay with Analysis

Given below is a sample essay of 300 words, which will give you an idea about the length and format of the essay.

Topic: The importance of cyber security in banking (300 Words)-With Analysis

Banks have been witnessed thefts and frauds for centuries. Earlier, they had to deal with physical theft and computer fraud and now they have to defend themselves from the problem of cyber fraud and theft of personally identifiable information (PII). And here is where cyber security in banking comes into the picture.

(Introduction of the Essay- The topics is introduced and developed in this paragraph. Here you can introduce related ideas in the next paragraphs.)

As people make most transactions online, there is always a risk of a data breach. It is becoming increasingly important due to our dependence on computer systems, the Internet, and wireless network standards like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Another reason for this is the unprecedented growth in the usage of smart devices, including smartphones, and also the Internet of things.

Because of its complexity, technologically and politically, cybersecurity has become one of the major challenges in today’s world. This challenge can be countered by means of countermeasure. Countermeasure is a term used in computer security as an action, device, procedure, or technique to reduce a threat, or an attack by either eliminating it or preventing it altogether. It minimizes the harm the treatment can cause to the system.

With the wave of digitalization in India, people have started using digital payment via apps for online shopping, whether it be ordering food or transferring money, and more. And every day, more and more people are adopting the way of digital transactions. This has been attracting the danger of hackers, who can easily hack into banking applications to steal the personal data of customers. Banking technology, therefore, has to be vigilant against cybersecurity threats. These threats have made it extremely important for banks to regularly upgrade their banking technology to secure the Bank data from hackers.

(Body of the Essay- In the above paragraphs, you can develop the points or arguments by using examples and by connecting the related ideas together so that the essay reads smoothly.)

To conclude, Cybersecurity in digital banking cannot be compromised. Therefore, there needs to be a reliable Cybersecurity system that can effectively safeguard the customer’s data and money.

( Conclusion of the Essay -Conclusion is a very important part of an essay, especially if you are writing for Bank exams. You should encapsulate the main idea of the essay in the conclusion.)

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Don’t forget that the knowledge or information of a subject matter or topic is only part of the preparation process. You need to train your mind to spend quick-time in thinking about how to organize your ideas. You can achieve nothing in this world without hard work and dedication. And that is what is needed in sharpening your writing skills in penning a quality Essay on any topic in any Bank Exam. To come out with good essays every time, you need to take care of your reading habits. Read newspapers daily without fail. Newspapers will inject in your mind all the necessary general knowledge, grammar and vocabulary, and the idea-generating power. In addition, you need to constantly work on avoiding any grammatical errors in your writing. After writing every essay, you should proofread it for errors in grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. You can find countless and diverse resources that are conducive to improving your writing skills including the grammar part, both online and offline. Do a quick google search to jump to a plenitude of platforms that offer lessons and tips on grammar and writing with games and exercises and follow our article! Lastly, give as many  Mock Tests  as you can to instill confidence in you.

Q1. Is the descriptive paper of NIACL important?

Yes, it is valued at 30 marks which will make a lot of difference in qualifying the mains.

Q2. How to prepare for descriptive English NIACL AO?

Get good at general English language, sentence formation, vocabulary by maximizing your reading efforts. So, try reading good editorials, newspapers, and books.

Q3. Is there any negative marking in the NIACL AO exam?   

Yes, there will be a negative marking of 0.25 marks for each wrong answer.  

Q4. How many sections are there in the NIACL AO prelims exam?   

A total of 3 sections: Prelim, Mains, Personal interview  

Q5. Is there any interview for the NIACL AO post?   

A personal interview is conducted for candidates which clear the phase-2 examination.   

Q6. How many vacancies are there for NIACL AO 2021?   

300 vacancies  

Q7. Is PM’s NIACL AO 2021 Free Mock Test available?

Yes, PracticeMock’s first mock test is free for NIACL AO.

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• Ideal Typing Speed For SBI PO Descriptive Exam

Ideal Typing Speed For SBI PO Mains Descriptive Exam

In this article, we shall discuss tips on how to maintain an ideal typing speed in the SBI PO Descriptive paper. But before that, we need to understand that the SBI PO Descriptive Paper forms a part of the SBI PO Mains exam.

Let’s explore a little about the SBI PO Descriptive paper:

SBI PO Descriptive Paper

The SBI PO Descriptive Paper will constitute of letter writing and essay writing in English. This test will be of 50 marks and the candidate has to complete it in 60 minutes. So it is very important to manage the time well because it will be an online test and the candidate has to type the entire content within the stipulated time.

To know more about the SBI PO Syllabus , click at the linked article.

Tips to maintain an ideal typing speed for SBI PO Mains Descriptive Exam

Given below are some of the important points to consider while attempting this section of the SBI PO Mains exam:

• The SBI PO Descriptive paper is a test which assesses the candidate’s communication skills and command over the English language. A candidate can do well only if he/ she has the necessary skills to excel in the test.
• The candidate needs to write a letter of around 200 words and an essay of 350 words or more which needs to be logical and appropriate. So according to that, the candidate has to write at least 20-22 words per minute to complete the writing part.
• Grammatical mistakes should be avoided as much as possible.
• One very important thing to remember is that the quality of the content is more important than the quantity. So proper attention to the quality should be given since it is the main criteria for the selection.
• The candidate should emphasise on writing a clear, relevant and logical letter and essay and use proper punctuation and grammar while drafting the write-up.

Now that we know what you need to do while attempting the SBI PO Mains Descriptive exam section, let us find out a little about the SBI PO exam.

State Bank of India conducts the SBI PO exam every year for recruiting new entrants for the Probationary Officer post. There are 3 different phases of the SBI PO exam:

• SBI PO Prelims
• SBI PO Mains
• Personal Interview

Candidates who appear for the SBI Probationary Officer exam need to be aware of the SBI PO exam pattern . Being a 3-tier process, SBI PO applicants need to face the first two stages of the exam pattern which comprises of one online written exam each for SBI PO Prelims & Mains, followed by the Interview round.

The candidates selected for the SBI PO Mains exam will have to appear for the objective and descriptive test. The candidate has to clear both the sections in order to qualify for the interview. If a candidate fails to clear the objective test, the descriptive test will not be considered.

Some basic tips to excel the SBI PO Descriptive Paper

• The initial step is to collect all the important keywords that would be required in the content.
• Try writing 30 words per minute without compromising the quality of the content.
• Do include relevant, factual and logical points.
• For the essay, start with the introduction followed by pros and cons in the subsequent paragraphs and then conclude.
• Follow a proper format for the letter-writing part.

This descriptive part is very important section since it challenges the English skills of the candidates. Hence, it is very important that the candidates should be well versed with English grammar and vocabulary. The grammatical mistakes should be avoided by any chance.

With the help of these tips mentioned on how to attempt the descriptive section for the SBI PO exam, the candidate will have a better idea on how much time should be spent for thought process and the number of words to be written within a minute.

For more information about SBI PO Eligibility Criteria , click at the linked article.

Practising previous year’s question papers would enhance the typing speed of answering all the questions as the exam is done online. Besides, this would help the candidate to keep track of the time spent in each question and ensure that every minute in the examination hall is important to score well in the SBI PO exam.

Looking out for more useful tips to stay upbeat with your SBI PO preparation ? Join BYJU’S Bank Exam Learning Program and watch out this space for more info.

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20 Most expected essay topics for IBPS PO Mains Exam | Important Essay Topics for IBPS PO Mains Exam | Essay for IBPS PO Mains

20 most expected essay topics for ibps po mains exam | important essay topics for ibps mains exam.

Institute of Banking Personnel Selection ( IBPS ) conducts IBPS PO exam to fill the vacancies of Probationary Officers in various nationalised banks in India. After clearing preliminary exams, candidates have to appear in ibps po mains exams where one section is about essay writing . In IBPS PO Mains exam essay topics are generally asked from current issues. Here we have prepared a list of 20 most expected essay topics for IBPS PO Mains exam . 

Important Essay Topics for IBPS PO Mains Exam

• Essay on PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana:  Click Here
• Download PDF of these Essays:  Click Here
• Essay on Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha: A Resolution to Ramrajya:  Read Here
• Essay on ICC Men's World Cup 2023:  Read Here
• Essay on One Nation One Election:  Read Here
• Essay on Mission Chandrayaan-3:  Read Here
• Essay on Green Growth:  Read Here
• Essay on e-₹UPI:  Read Here
• Essay on G20 Summit:  Read Here
• Essay on UPI Advantages and Disadvantages: Read Here
• Essay on Cashless Economy:  Read Here
• Essay on NPA Crisis in India:  Read Here
• Essay 5G Technology:  Read Here
• Essay Non-performing Assets (NPA):  Read Here
• Essay on Astro Tourism:  Read Here
• Essay on PM SHRI School Scheme:  Read Here
• Essay on Artificial Intelligence (AI):  Read Here
• Essay on Har Ghar Tiranga :  Read Here
• Essay on My Vision for India @ 2047 :  Read Here
• Essay on Menace of Fake News :  Read Here
• Essay on Power Crisis in India :  Read Here
• Essay on Freebie Politics :  Read Here
• Essay on Cryptocurrency :  Read Here
• Essay on Natural Farming :  Read Here
• Free and Fair Election :  Read Here

• Governance 4.0 :  Read Here
• Raising Legal Age of Marriage for Women :  Read Here
• PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission :  Read Here
• Electric Vehicle -The Future of Transport :  Read Here
• Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav :  Read Here
• Corona and its impact on human life :  Read Here
• E-lerning: The Future of Education System :  Read Here
• AatmaNirbhar Bharat :  Read Here
• Vocal for Local :  Read Here
• Advantage and Disadvantage of Online Classes :  Read Here
• Single Use Plastic ban :  Read Here
• Addiction of Social Media :  Read Here
• Causes of Environmental Pollution :  Read Here
• Uniform Civil Code :  Read Here
• Essay on Hate Speech:  Read Here  
• Role of Students in Eradication of Drugs :  Read Here
• Why Population Control is necessary :  Read Here
• International Trade: The bedrock of economic development:  Read Here  
• Impact of Poverty on Education :  Read Here
• Importance of Education :  Read Here

The above essays are very important for IBPS PO mains descriptive topics 2024 . Students should prepare essay on these topics as there are most expected essay topics for IBPS PO mains exams. In addition to this below are some other important essays you may also like to read and it can also be helpful in preparation of your exam.

IBPS PO Mains descriptive topics 2024

• Non-performing Assets (NPA)
• Essay on e-₹UPI
• Essay on G20
• Green Growth
• Cryptocurrency
• 5G Technology
• Demonetization
• Unsung Heroes of Freedom Struggle
• Farmers Welfare Schemes
• Global Warming
• Women Empowerment
• Plastic Waste Management
• Natural Disaster
• Human Trafficking
• Water Scarcity
• Unemployment
• Benefits of Yoga
• Human Rights
• New Education Policy 2020

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FOCUS WRITING FOR BANK WRITTEN EXAMS

This file includes focus writing

Related Papers

HASAN UL BANNA

International Division National Bank Limited

Shihano Haq

Udit Deb Chowdhury

Banking industry is the potential industry where the growth of a country depends on a lot. This industry is very big in Bangladesh and holds a lot of skilled employees. The report is prepared for understand the activates of loan disbursement and recovery system of BDBL. Data have been collect various primary and secondary way, there have some limitations. Some of article analysis and literature are explain in the part. Firstly the chapter focuses on the loan, secondly focuses on portfolio risk management, thirdly focuses on relationship of bank and customers, fourthly focus the mitigation of credit risk, at last focuses on business environment of banks. Chapter three prepared for the overview of Bangladesh Development Bank (BDBL). This chapter shows company structure and information, vision and mission and their business program. Loan Disbursement Process of BDBL are analyze in chapter four. BDBL credit risk grading system and an example of Hasan Jute & Spinning Mills (Pvt.) Ltd., Bogra are shown in that chapter. The process of loan recovery of BDBL and the legal action can take by BDBL are explain in that chapter. Bangladesh Development Bank Limited (BDBL) also tries to find out thrust sector and actual entrepreneur those who have interested to establish profitable industry and create job opportunity for the unemployed people. And in last and seventh chapter have drawn the conclusion in the light of overall discussion and also given recommendations on the base of given findings.

Md. Ruhul Amin

Commercial banks as the most important functionary of the financial system play a dynamic role in the economic development of a nation through mobilization of savings and allocation of credit to productive sectors. However, directed and inefficient credit allocation by the commercial banks of Bangladesh in various economic sectors without adequate credit appraisal and monitoring, inter alia, ultimately led to the widespread loan delinquency, and deteriorating health of the entire financial system. An attempt has been made in this paper to examine and evaluate the nature and extent of involvement of commercial banks in development financing in Bangladesh using different performance indicators like branch expansion, mobilization of savings, sectoral and regional distribution of advances, etc. In their noble effort of development financing, commercial banks are facing various problems such as mismatch of sources and uses of funds, extreme dependence on traditional collateral securities, politicization of credit delivery system, absence of sound legal system for recovery of loans, lack of government's extension facilities in the form of data base, investment counseling, appropriate technology, infrastructure, marketing of products, etc. However, they should increasingly involve themselves in development financing in order to gain long-term viability benefitting themselves as well as the economy, but that should not occur at the cost of viability of the total financial intermediation process.

sirisha gurijala

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Non-performing loans (NPLs) is a worldwide issue which affects financial markets stability in general and financial Institutions industry viability in particular. This study examines the factors influencing non-performing loans in non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in Bangladesh. Based on gaps in extant literature, four (4) independent variables comprising standard of living, GDP growth rate of the country, Inflation rate and bank interest rates (lending rate) are hypothesized to exert statistically significant influences on the dependent variable, NPLs. A quantitative research approach comprising both descriptive and inferential statistics was employed in this research. 80 respondents were sampled for this study employing random sampling technique. Employing multivariate regression analysis using Microsoft Excel software, the findings showed that out of the four (4) hypothesized relationships of the research, two (3) were supported whilst the other two were not. In particular, it was shown that GDP growth rate of the country and bank interest rates statistically influence non-performing loans in NBFIs of Bangladesh. However, there was no enough evidence to support the claim that standard of living and inflation rate can statistically influence non-performing loans in non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in Bangladesh. Several implications from the research were further discussed.

Dr. M. Mahabbat Hossain

Mohammad Fakhrul Islam

The Issue of granting licenses to new banks caused many to raise their eyebrows in last few years. Questions were being asked by authentic experts, bankers and people about the wisdom of allowing more banks, a sector that had been struggling hard to cope with the versatile problems over the years. The impact of inclusion of more new commercial banks on banking sector has been the focus of considerable scholarly effort during the last few years. Only a few studies have approached the impact of structure on bank performance directly by investigating the question: what has happened to bank performance in communities where the structure of the market has been altered? This paper examines the necessity of the entry of new private commercial banks .To achieve this objective, researchers systematically looked at the sector’s current state and future premises through industry analysis. The results indicate that allowing more banks would distort the market, which is already saturated with more than 50 banks in operation.

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What's Project 2025? Unpacking the Pro-Trump Plan to Overhaul US Government

For several months, we received a flood of reader inquiries asking if project 2025 was a real effort to “reshape america.” here’s the answer., nur ibrahim, aleksandra wrona, published july 3, 2024.

• Project 2025 is a conservative coalition's plan for a future Republican U.S. presidential administration. If voters elect the party's presumed nominee, Donald Trump, over Democrat Joe Biden in November 2024, the coalition hopes the new president will implement the plan immediately.
• The sweeping effort centers on a roughly 1,000-page document  that gives the executive branch more power, reverses Biden-era policies and specifies numerous department-level changes.
• People across the political spectrum fear such actions are precursors to authoritarianism and have voiced concerns over the proposal's recommendations to reverse protections for LGBTQ+ people, limit abortion access, stop federal efforts to mitigate climate change — and more.
• The Heritage Foundation — a conservative think tank operated by many of Trump's current and former political allies — is leading the initiative. President Kevin Roberts once said  the project's main goals are "institutionalizing Trumpism" and getting rid of unelected bureaucrats who he believes wield too much political influence.
• The Trump campaign's goals and proposals within Project 2025 overlap. However, the former president has attempted to distance himself from the initiative. In a July 5, 2024, post on Truth Social , he wrote: " I know nothing about Project 2025. I have no idea who is behind it. I disagree with some of the things they're saying and some of the things they're saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal. Anything they do, I wish them luck, but I have nothing to do with them."
• In other words, it's unknown if, or to what extent, Trump's campaign is talking to leaders of the initiative. Many political analysts and the Biden administration believe Project 2025 is a good indication of Trump's vision for a second term.

Here at Snopes, the internet's premiere fact-checking site, we believe in unbiased, fact-driven reporting to help guide people's everyday lives. And when it comes to voting in elections, we hold that responsibility high. We call out candidates' mistruths, contextualize campaign claims and pull back the curtain on efforts shaping political parties' agendas. Our hope is to give voters the knowledge they need to mark ballots without any distorted sense of reality. Below is an example of that work — a months-long analysis of an all-encompassing effort to reshape the American bureacracy following the 2024 U.S. presidential election. If you'd like to support this type of journalism,  we'd love your help .   —  Jessica Lee ,  senior assignments editor,  snopes.com

As the U.S. 2024 presidential election nears, U.S. President Joe Biden's reelection campaign has been sending foreboding emails to supporters, invoking "Trump's Project 2025" to tap into anxieties over another four years with Donald Trump in the White House and to raise campaign money.

According to some of the emails, "Project 2025" calls for proposals that would separate "mothers away from their children," a reference to border policies during Trump's administration, or result in "higher housing costs and rampant discrimination."

The Biden campaign is not alone in its concern over the policy initiative. Critics including legal experts and former government employees have described Project 2025 as a precursor to authoritarianism — albeit a difficult one to implement — and a wave of social media  posts  are expressing  fear over the initiative, calling it a " fascist " and " extremist " plan for Trump to " reshape America." Numerous reports have also called this conservative effort to reshape the government unprecedented in its scale. 

But what exactly is Project 2025? Are the messages from critics rooted in fact or fear-mongering? What should people know about the alleged policy plan? Over the past year, Snopes has received a flood of inquiries from readers asking if Project 2025 was real and what it entails, and if American politicians plan to implement it.

Under the leadership of the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, Project 2025 is indeed a real, all-encompassing initiative to transform the American bureaucracy if, or when, a conservative president takes over the White House. Project leaders are hoping to put it into motion as early as November 2024 if voters elect former President Donald Trump. 

Politico once described the policy initiative as an effort to make a "MAGA" conservative government by reshaping how federal employees work, and the  creators themselves have framed it as a push to institutionalize " Trumpism " —  that is,  Trump's political agenda — at every level of federal government. On Truth Social, a Trump-owned social media platform, users have described it as a return to "constitutional" values.

In June 2024, House Democrats launched a task force to make plans for a potential future in which Project 2025's recommendations could become reality.

The growing interest in Project 2025 coincided with the progression of Trump's presidential campaign. A  June 2024  NPR/PBS News/Marist poll found the presidential race to be extremely tight, with Biden and Trump almost tied, echoing a months-long trend of national surveys. ( Historically , polls at this stage of campaigns are not indicative of actual election outcomes.)

Leaders and supporters of the initiative declined to be interviewed for this story or did not respond to Snopes' inquiries.

What is Project 2025?

Project 2025 has four parts, according to its website : 

• A roughly 1,000-page document titled " Mandate for Leadership 2025: The Conservative Promise ."  That report details supporters' proposals for federal departments, as well as their overall agenda for a conservative government.
• A purported transition plan for federal departments. Project 2025 leaders say they have a 180-day transition plan for each federal agency to quickly adapt to a Trump presidency should he win in November. As of this writing, the contents of that plan were unknown.
• A new database that aims to fill federal jobs with conservative voices. Spencer Chretien, associate director of Project 2025, once called the online system to screen potential new hires the " conservative LinkedIn ." It's currently active on the Project's website.
• A new system to train potential political appointees . Called the " Presidential Administration Academy ," the system aims to teach skills for "advancing conservative ideas" as soon as new hires join the administration. The lessons touch on everything from budget-making to media relations and currently consist of 30- to 90-minute online sessions. Project 2025 leaders say they will host in-person sessions as the election nears. 

There's reportedly another facet to Project 2025 that's not detailed on its website: an effort to draft executive orders for the new president. According to a November 2023 report by The Washington Post that cites anonymous sources, Jeffrey Clark (a former Trump official who sought to use the Justice Department to help Trump's efforts to overturn 2020 election results) is leading that work, and the alleged draft executive orders involve the Insurrection Act — a law last updated in 1871 that allows the president to deploy the military for domestic law enforcement. Speaking to the Post, a Heritage spokesperson denied that accusation. (We were unable to independently corroborate The Washington Post's reporting due to its anonymous sourcing and our unsuccessful attempts to interview members of The Heritage Foundation.)

While many of Project 2025's proposals simply need the president's executive order to become reality, others would need Congressional approval, even as the Project seeks to expand presidential authority. In other words, lawmakers would need to write and approve legislation that details the changes to the government's existing structure, or establishes new systems. Come November, voters will choose who will fill  435 seats in the Republican-led House and 34 positions  in the Senate.

Key Points of The Roughly 1,000-Page Document

Speaking to Politico , Russell Vought, who served as the director of the Office of Management and Budget under Trump and is now a leading adviser for Project 2025, once described the effort as "more systematic than it is just about Trump," adding, "We have to be thinking mechanically about how to take these institutions over" in reference to federal departments.

Project 2025's document lays out in great detail how supporters want to do that. As of early June 2024, about 855,000 people had downloaded the document, The New York Times reported . 

Among its numerous recommendations, it calls for the following (in no particular order):

• Changing how the FBI operates. According to the plan, the agency is "completely out of control," and the next conservative administration should restore its reputation by stopping investigations that are supposedly "unlawful or contrary to the national interest." Also, the document calls for legislation that would eliminate term limits for the FBI's director and require that person to answer to the president. 
• Eliminating the Department of Education. The plan explicitly proposes, "Federal education policy should be limited and, ultimately, the federal Department of Education should be eliminated." The report also calls for bans on so-called " critical race theory" (CRT) and "gender ideology" lessons in public schools, asking for legislation that would require educators who share such material to register as sex offenders and be imprisoned. 
• Defunding the Department of Justice. Additionally, the document proposes prosecuting federal election-related charges as criminal, not civil, cases. Otherwise, the document says, "[Voter] registration fraud and unlawful ballot correction will remain federal election offenses that are never appropriately investigated and prosecuted." 
• Reversing Biden-era policies attempting to reduce climate change. The document's authors call for increasing the country's reliance on fossil fuels and withdrawing from efforts to address the climate crisis — such as "offices, programs, and directives designed to advance the Paris Climate Agreement ." 
• Stopping cybersecurity efforts to combat mis- and disinformation. The document recommends the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency to stop its efforts to curtail online propaganda campaigns, arguing the federal government should not make judgment calls on what's true and what isn't.
• Changing immigration policies. Authors want the federal government to deprioritize DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), the program that temporarily delays the deportation of immigrants without documentation who came to the U.S. as children; phase out temporary work-visa programs that allow seasonal employers to hire foreign workers; impose financial punishments on so-called "sanctuary cities" that do not follow federal immigration laws, and divert tax dollars toward security at America's border with Mexico. (While the Biden campaign claims Project 2025 calls for "ripping mothers away from their children" at the border, there's no explicit mention of separating families. Rather, it calls for stronger enforcement of laws governing the detainment of immigrants with criminal records and restricting an existing program that tracks people in deportation proceedings instead of incarcerating them. In some cases, those changes could possibly play a role in border control agents detaining a parent while their child continues with immigration proceedings.)
• Restricting access to abortion. The plan wants the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to stop promoting abortion as health care. Additionally, Project 2025 recommends the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) to stop promoting, and approving, requests for manufacturing abortion pills. "Alternative options to abortion, especially adoption, should receive federal and state support," the document states.
• Removing LGBTQ+ protections. The plan calls for abolishing the Gender Policy Council , a Biden-created department within the White House that aims to "advance equity in government policy for those who face discrimination." Also, the proposal wants the federal government to remove terms such as "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" from records and policies, as well as rescind policies that prohibit discrimination on the basis of "sexual orientation, gender identity, transgender status, and sex characteristics."
• Cutting ties completely with China. For instance, the document advocates for restricting people's access to TikTok because of its China-based parent company; prohibiting Confucius Institutes, cultural institutions at colleges and universities funded by the Chinese government, and blocking other Chinese entities from partnering with U.S. companies. 
• Reversing protections against discrimination in housing. The Biden campaign emails reference a portion of the document that calls for repealing a decades-old policy—strengthened under Biden—that attempts to prevent discrimination and reduce racial disparities in housing. Project 2025 also recommends making it easier to sell off homes used for public housing — a benefit to real estate developers — but result in fewer cheap housing options for poor and low-income families. 

Here's a PDF of the full report :

(www.project2025.org)

Changing Federal Job Classifications 

To execute the above-listed objectives, the roughly 1,000-page document calls for a federal government operated by political appointees equipped to "carry out the President's desires." 

Put another way, Roberts, president of the Heritage Foundation, said in a July 2023 interview with The New York Times that Project 2025 leaders want to dismantle independent federal agencies that do not answer to the president. Then, they want to fill positions with people who subscribe to conservative politics — including jobs that are currently merit-based hires, not politically appointed.

Under the current system, the federal government's administrative sector is made up of two employee groups: political appointees and career civil servants. When a new administration takes over the Oval Office, it selects similarly minded people to fill high-ranking positions (political appointees), and those people leave the jobs when a new president takes over. According to the Brookings Institution , a public policy think tank, around 4,000 political appointees run the executive branch.

Meanwhile, tens of thousands of positions that run day-to-day operations are hired through a merit-based system — that is, a hiring process that is designed to prioritize applicants' specialized expertise or experience , not their personal beliefs or affiliations. Those people are career civil servants. 

Project 2025 proposes turning up to 50,000 career civil servant jobs into politically appointed positions. 

To do that, Project 2025 wants the president to reissue Schedule F, a Trump-era executive order that Biden rescinded when he became president. Generally speaking, the order would recategorize career civil servants into at-will employees, giving higher-level workers the ability to terminate employment for any reason without warning and fill those jobs with new people.

Additionally, Project 2025 recommends revamping the existing appeals process for employee dismissals, arguing the current system prevents managers from firing or hiring the right employees. 

The plan also proposes a freeze on hiring top-career civil service positions at the beginning of the administration. By doing so, the plan argues, the new administration will prevent today's administration's leaders (later on "outgoing" political appointees) from "burrowing-in"— that is, hiring left-leaning career bureaucrats across federal agencies for the purpose of undermining the next president. 

Keeping Track of Potential Employees' Opinions

In addition to expanding government leaders' abilities to hire and fire at will, Project 2025 calls for a new federal database to gather information on potential new hires. The database contains people's answers to questions on social issues , such as abortion and immigration, allowing for department leaders to easily fill job vacancies with applicants who lean conservative.

"Our current executive branch was conceived of by liberals for the purpose of promulgating liberal policies," John  McEntee , who is leading Project 2025's personnel database project, told The New York Times in mid-2023, citing then-U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's (who was a Democrat) 1930s New Deal as the last major reorientation of the government. "There is no way to make the existing structure function in a conservative manner. It's not enough to get the personnel right. What's necessary is a complete system overhaul." 

By submitting resumes and answering questionnaires , applicants sign up to be vetted by Project 2025 leaders. According to the questionnaire , participants answer whether they "agree" or "disagree" with statements such as, "Life has a right to legal protection from conception to natural death," and "The U.S. should increase legal immigration."

If the participants pass that screening, Project 2025 intends to recommend them to department leaders for hiring. (We are unable to determine what would happen with applicants' data if Trump does not win the 2024 election, or if his potential administration does not want to use it.)

Project 2025 leaders partnered with technology company Oracle to set up the system, according to The New York Times . Several thousand potential recruits had applied, as of April 2023. 

Former presidents have established similar systems, including Barack Obama, according to Kevin Kosar, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, a center-right public policy think tank. "They [The Obama administration] created a massive online jobs bank , where you could apply."

Also, during Obama's first term (January 2009 - January 2017), his administration required extensive vetting of applicants for high-ranking, politically appointed positions. Like Project 2025's program, that process included a questionnaire. That form asked participants to elaborate on past public statements, social media posts and potential conflicts of interests, as well as share things about their personal lives , like whether they own guns. (We found no evidence of the Obama administration circulating a similar questionnaire during his second term.)

Asked about that Obama-era questionnaire, a Biden aide said it was not comparable to Project 2025's system. The latter was a "loyalty test" to Trump, the aide said, while Obama's survey was more of a background check.

Trump Hasn't Publicly Endorsed Project 2025

Many former Trump administration members and current allies are working on the initiative. 

For example, the Center for Renewing America (CRA) — a think tank that formed in 2021 with ties to Trump through its founder, Russell Vought — is a "coalition partner." Vought was the director of the Office of Management and Budget when Trump was president. Should Project 2025 be a part of the next presidential administration, Vought will be in charge of implementing  its proposals, according to Politico. (In November 2023, The Washington Post reported he was in regular contact with Trump and could be a candidate for a high-ranking position in his potential future administration.) Also, Vought is policy director for the 2024 Republican National Convention's Platform Committee.

Reportedly , some people affiliated with Project 2025 are assisting Trump's reelection campaign behind the scenes.

(The groups that conceptualized, or are currently pushing, Project 2025 include a number of former Trump administration members and current allies.)

However, in terms of public-facing actions, Trump hasn't officially connected himself to the initiative. In speeches at campaign rallies and interviews, he hasn't mentioned Project 2025, and, on July 5, 2024 , he attempted to publicly distance himself by posting on Truth Social (his social media site):

I know nothing about Project 2025. I have no idea who is behind it. I disagree with some of the things they're saying and some of the things they're saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal. Anything they do, I wish them luck, but I have nothing to do with them.

Trump's campaign is at the very least aware of the initiative. Campaign officials once told Politico Project 2025's goals to restructure government, which are outlined in a publicly available document , indeed align with Trump's campaign promises.

But in a November 2023 statement, the Trump campaign said: "The efforts by various non-profit groups are certainly appreciated and can be enormously helpful. However, none of these groups or individuals speak for President Trump or his campaign." Without naming Project 2025, they said all policy statements from "external allies" are just "recommendations."

Concurrently, in an interview with the conservative outlet The Daily Wire , a Project 2025 representative said the Trump campaign and Project are separate "for now."  McEntee , a former Trump staffer and leader of Project 2025's personnel database project, said : 

I think the candidate and the campaign need to keep their eye on the ball. They need to be totally focused on winning. We're totally focused on what happens after [...] Obviously, there will need to be coordination and the president and his team will announce an official transition this summer, and we're gonna integrate a lot of our work with them. 

That said, given overlap between Project 2025's proposals and the Trump campaign's agenda , political analysts and the Biden campaign believe the coalition's effort is a good indication of Trump's vision for a second term. Among the similarities are proposals to change how the administration fills tens of thousands of government jobs and overhaul  the DOJ. According to The Heritage Foundation's own reporting, Trump adopted and seriously considered about two-thirds of the organization's policy prescriptions in 2018, for example.

In an interview with Snopes, James Singer, a Biden campaign spokesperson, said:

Project 2025 is the extreme policy and personnel playbook for Trump's second term that should scare the hell out of any American voter. The Trump team's pathetic denials fall flat when Project 2025 staff and leadership are saying they are connected to the Trump team, leading the RNC policy platform and part of Trump's debate prep, campaign, and inner circle.

But the extent to which Project 2025 leaders and Trump campaign officials are communicating is unclear. According to Kosar, at the American Enterprise Institute, no one outside of the two circles knows how closely they're working together. "[What] is the level of coordination? We have no idea." 

From the view of Cecilia Esterline, an immigration research analyst at the Niskanen Center, a think tank  with libertarian-right roots, Project 2025 is a good indicator of Trump's plans for a potential second term. "Given the people involved putting their names on this and the author portions of this report, and the success of [past] implementation, it's a good indicator of where Trump is at."

The Forces Behind Project 2025

Heritage Foundation President Kevin Roberts launched Project 2025 in April 2022, a few months before Trump officially announced his reelection campaign.

Since then, the number of groups backing the initiative has grown. As of now, Project 2025's advisory board and so-called "coalition partners" include: the Conservative Partnership Institute (CPI), a nonprofit that aims to connect conservative applicants to congressional jobs and is led by Trump's former chief of staff, Mark Meadows; Turning Point USA, a far-right student advocacy group that is led by Charlie Kirk; America First Legal , a legal advocacy group that supports conservative-backed lawsuits and is led by Trump stalwart Stephen Miller. (According to a June 2024 Politico report, Miller was part of private meetings with Trump to help him prepare for upcoming televised debates against Biden.) 

Furthermore, in May 2024, Reuters interviewed what the news outlet described as unnamed Trump allies working on a plan to restructure the Department of Justice (DOJ) and fill currently nonpartisan jobs there with people who identify as conservatives. While the allies group wasn't named, Reuters reported it was tied to Project 2025. 

Lastly, many authors of the roughly 1,000-page document outlining Project 2025's policy proposals have connections to Trump. They include Ben Carson , William Perry Pendley , Jonathan Berry , Diana Furchtgott-Roth , Rick Dearborn , Adam Candeub , Ken Cuccinelli , Mandy Gunasekara , Dennis Dean Kirk , Gene Hamilton , Christopher Miller , Bernard L. McNamee , Mora Namdar , Peter Navarro , Roger Severino , Paul Dans , Kevin Roberts , among others. 

These Types of Pre-Election Efforts Aren't Uncommon

In the months or years before U.S. presidential elections, it's routine for nonprofit research groups to prepare plans for a potential presidential transition, according to Landon Storrs, a political history professor at the University of Iowa. 

And, according to Kosar, numerous think tanks want Trump's ear as he plans his potential return to the White House. "Whenever there is a new executive coming into the White House, [many] groups are trying to get in there."

According to the Heritage Foundation's website , the organization mostly operates on individual donations and does not take money from the government. However, how exactly it divvies up its money for Project 2025 was unclear. The New York Times reported Project 2025 was a $22 million operation.

Project 2025 authors built their proposals on an idea popular during former President Ronald Reagan's time: the "unitary executive theory." That's the belief that Article II of the U.S. Constitution gives the president complete power over the federal bureaucracy and all levels of government report to him. 

In 1980, the Heritage Foundation developed similar policy prescriptions for Reagan, who was a presidential candidate at the time. Some of the organization's recommendations aligned with Reagan's campaign promises , and, when he later assumed office, he put the ideas to action. Heritage once described its effort as putting "the conservative movement and Reagan on the same page."

However, according to Politico , the present-day initiative by the Heritage Foundation was more "ambitious" than any other such proposal. The New York Times  said Project 2025 was operating at "a scale never attempted before in conservative politics." Its efforts are a contrast to the 1930s Democrat-led New Deal under then-U.S. President Roosevelt, which gave the federal government an unprecedented role in social and economic affairs on the belief that it would get the country out of the Great Depression.

Critics' Logistical Concerns, Worries

If some of Project 2025's ideas turn into formal policy recommendations or laws, experts in government and history have concerns over how they could be implemented. Such drastic changes would come with big logistical hurdles and have a ripple effect on agencies overseeing day-to-day governance, several such experts said. 

For example, Project 2025's proposal to reclassify tens of thousands of federal workers' positions — that is, change career bureaucrats into jobs that can be politically appointed — would have widespread effects, according to Storrs, of the University of Iowa. She said:

When [Project 2025's] intention is to install officials based on their loyalty to the president rather than on their qualifications, [the result] is even more damaging to effective administration. [...] The President already has authority over who heads the agencies. But below them, people are simply trying to collect taxes, get social security checks out — there is a lot that shouldn't be disrupted.

Kosar, of the American Enterprise Institute, expressed concern over skills required for jobs that aren't currently appointed. "These positions have a serious degree of expertise attached. You can't just plug in a private sector businessman into the department of transportation. It's going to be a challenge to match the people and the competencies and the expertise." 

Esterline, the Niskanen Center analyst, said with presidential administrations changing every four to eight years, government agencies rely on the expertise of continually employed civil servants — employees with institutional knowledge — to make the transitions as smooth as possible. "[If] we suddenly disrupt that balance of political appointees to civil servants, it will be a much rougher transition." 

Among other aspects of Project 2025, Esterline is attempting to raise the alarm on its prescriptions for specific regulatory changes. "[Project 2025] is a meticulous outline of how they will crumple the system simultaneously through minute changes."

Meanwhile, some former government officials are particularly concerned about the initiative's plans for the DOJ and FBI. For instance, in an interview for The Guardian , Michael Bromwich, a former DOJ inspector general, said the proposals to turn the departments into "instruments" to fulfill Trump's political agenda "should send shivers down the spine of anyone who cares about the rule of law."

Overall, critics including legal experts and former government employees have zeroed in on Project 2025's goal to give the executive branch more power, describing it as a precursor to authoritarianism.

However, the initiative's push to increase executive power may be part of a deeper trend in American politics, Peter Strauss, a professor at Columbia Law School, said in a  lecture  on Faculti, a research video platform. He said momentum to increase executive authority has been steadily increasing over many presidential administrations: 

We have seen in the United States a steadily expanding presidential claim of authority to control not only tenure but also ordinary acts of government. This has been happening at least since the presidency of Ronald Reagan and it reached a peak with President Trump and his first term, and he's promised that he's going back there. 

Our Reporting

For this report, we repeatedly tried to interview representatives of the Heritage Foundation — the conservative think tank that conceptualized Project 2025 — as well as the Trump campaign and other supporters of the effort. All either declined to be interviewed or did not respond to our inquiries. 

For example, we reached out to dozens of groups on Project 2025's advisory board — a collection of groups under the Heritage Foundation's oversight that have co-signed the effort, given feedback on its proposals or promoted it to government officials. The groups include Center for Renewing America , Turning Point USA , The American Conservative , and  American Cornerstone Institute . We asked the organizations about the nature of their involvement in the initiative, proposals they support, and more. As of this writing, none has responded.

After we initially reached out to the Heritage Foundation for this story, a spokesperson responded asking for more specifics on our reporting. We responded with key points, including requests to comment on project leaders' communication with former U.S. President Donald Trump, concerns from legal experts about the initiative's proposed changes and general criticism. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to that message. Later, after informing the organization of our writing deadline, a spokesperson said no one was available.

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July 5, 2024: This post was updated to include Trump's July 5, 2024, post on Truth Social.

By Nur Ibrahim

Nur Nasreen Ibrahim is a reporter with experience working in television, international news coverage, fact checking, and creative writing.

By Aleksandra Wrona

Aleksandra Wrona is a reporting fellow for Snopes, based in the Warsaw area.

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