scarlet letter essay hook

Themes and Analysis

The scarlet letter, by nathaniel hawthorne.

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’ is stuffed with themes that border around aspects of religion and human morality such as sinning, confessing, and being penalized for such sin - much to the author’s intention of sending some strong moral lessons to his readership.

Article written by Victor Onuorah

Degree in Journalism from University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Hawthorne’s move to go by such name as ‘ The Scarlet Letter ’ for the book’s title is symbolic in itself and already hints at the themes of penitence and punishment for the crime of adultery committed by two of the book’s major characters in Hester Prynne and the priest – Arthur Dimmesdale. There are some foundational themes as there are other subsets that still carry a vital message in them. The most important ones will be analyzed in this article.

Sin and Punishment

These are probably the two most obvious themes of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘ The Scarlet Letter ’ and they are very clearly executed throughout the pages of the book – beginning from the first chapter. 

Hester Prynne, who is the heroine of the book, is one of the characters who bear such guilts of sin and punishment. The sin for which she is being punished is that of adultery – which she commits with a Christian preacher, Arthur Dimmesdale.

Being she lives in the era of a Christian-inspired puritan society, her punishment becomes one of massive social shaming and disgrace – whereby she has to wear a dress with a large inscription of the letter ‘A’ appearing on her chest in blood red color. 

Contrition and Penitence

Hester and Dimmesdale – two prominent characters harboring the most damnable sin of their era – appear to have had a contrite heart after the act, particularly with Hester, who is publicly announced and disgraced. 

Readers could feel the genuineness of Hester’s contrite heart, having been legally married to Roger Chillingworth, her long lost husband – even though she would never regret the love she feels for Dimmesdale and the product of such love being her child, Pearl. 

Gender and Status Inequality Before the Law

Nathaniel Hawthorne, through ‘ The Scarlet Letter ,’ may have tried to point out the sheer inequality of the purity society before the rule of law. Hawthorne’s time is critical of several aspects of Puritanism, and here questions why preacher Arthur Dimmesdale doesn’t get served the same amount of humiliation as Hester gets. 

Though an argument can be raised that the executors of the puritan laws don’t punish Dimmesdale because they do not know for sure if he committed the crime – especially with Hester refusing to give that information out. Still, one can easily sense that they don’t do enough to get the man who’s responsible. 

Two hypotheses here are one; their interest in not punishing men but the women in such crimes. Two, Dimmesdale’s religious status makes him a very important person, so the executors would be tricky with handling a case of such a class. 

Necromancy and witchcraft

There is a massive dose of talks and meetings about and with witches, and even the devil – who is referred to in the book as ‘ The Black Man .’ These subjects are part of what gives the book its dark, spooky ambiance characteristic of gothic fiction. 

Mistress Hibbins is a high-profile suspect whose behavior is, by a puritan society’s standards, termed diabolic and hellish. Hibbins goes about negatively influencing people – like Hester and Pearl – instilling strange, anti puritan mentality in them, conducting and attending meetings and conventions where they invoke and commune with ‘The Black Man’ or devil himself. 

Key Moments in The Scarlet Letter

• After losing his job with the Salem Custom House, a man puts together a piece of the manuscript that he had discovered littering in the attic of his former job. On the cover is an inscription, ‘Scarlet Letter A .’ 
• The story which he has assembled from it narratives the story of a young woman called Hester Prynne who lives in a 1600s puritan society. 
• She appears to have been imprisoned for a heinous crime and is processioned out and made to stand over a public platform wearing a dress with the scarlet letter ‘A’ written boldly on her breast, on which she also carries her baby. 
• The crime for which she is paraded is adultery, and under a typical puritan leadership, social shaming and scorning are the repercussions for such acts. 
• While she faces the worse moment of her life, a man stands a stone’s throw away in the crowd observing the whole event. His name is Roger Chillingworth, the long-lost husband of the woman being punished at the platform. 
• On the platform with Hester is a popular preacher of the town, rev. Arthur Dimmesdale publicly pressures her to say who’s responsible for her baby, but Hester wouldn’t tell and is thrust back into her cell.
• With a keen interest in the matter, Chillingworth lies that he is a doctor to get access to his wife, and when he gets past security into the cell, he threatens her not to let anyone know she is married to him and that if she does, he would search out the man responsible and hurt him very badly.
• Following her release, Hester moves away from town and tries to survive as a dressmaker with young Pearl. Chillingworth is still in town posing as a doctor as he tries to unearth the father of his wife’s baby. And by now, Dimmesdale, the popular town people’s preacher, has failing health and is being tended to by Chillingworth. 
• Pearl grows fond of the scarlet ‘A’ on her mother’s breast, but Hester wouldn’t tell her the truth about it. 
• With Chillingworth now spending so much time with Dimmesdale, he starts to notice an unusually strange correlation between Hester’s case and the preacher’s health history. 
• One faithful day during Dimmesdale’s medical examination, Chillingworth finds that his patient has a similar scarlet letter ‘A’ etched inside his chest. He is convinced Dimmesdale is Hester’s lover and father of the illegitimate child, Pearl. 
• With this knowledge, Chillingworth decides to exert revenge on Dimmesdale by giving him the wrong meds and treating him so much so that his health deteriorates further by the day. 
• For Dimmesdale, it seems that his inability to confess publicly is eating him up and causing him constant emotional trauma and heartache. And on several occasions, he doesn’t eat and chastises and whips himself for his mistake. 
• On a faithful day, just after twilight, troubled by his guilt, Dimmesdale climbs up the platform and is joined by Hester and her daughter shortly, while Chillingworth skulks by the shadows observing them before a shooting star shimmers through the night sky to reveal his presence. 
• What follows next is an exchange of emotions. Hester begs Chillingworth to stop torturing Dimmesdale, but he argues he’s lenient to him. 
• Hester then plans a rendezvous with Dimmesdale in the wilderness, where she exposes Chillingworth’s real identity and begs Dimmesdale to elope with her across the Atlantic to start afresh in a new, distant town. He agrees to go with her after he has delivered a scheduled sermon. 
• On the day of the sermon, Dimmesdale is moved by his preaching that he decides to confess publicly that he is Hester’s lover and the father to Pearl (both of who had joined him on the platform). Opening his chest, he exposes a scarlet cut he had been carrying in his chest and dies as soon as Pearl kisses him.
• Chillingworth’s revenge is taken from him, and he dies a few months later. Hester leaves town with her daughter – explores Europe and marries a wealthy home, and seldom writes her mother. 
• When Hester dies, she is laid to rest beside Dimmesdale, and the later ‘A’ is erected in their resting place.

Style and Tone 

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing style is typically one that deploys a lot of metaphors and symbolism to execute his works – with the end goal often having a ton of morals to impact on the reader.

Hawthorne’s works are mostly mysterious, somber, and morose in terms of their themes and storylines. ‘ The Scarlet Letter ’ is no different from his typical style and follows his trademark standard for novel writing. 

The tone in ‘ The Scarlet Letter ’ is mostly sad and contrite, but also critical and disenchantment about puritan cultures, their leaders, and their tendency for being highly hypocritical.

Figurative Languages

Hawthorne brings the pages of ‘The Scarlet Letter’ to life with his heavy use of figurative expressions. Among the figurative language used include metaphor – which seems to appear pervasively throughout the book.

The author also uses tools like irony and personification to highlight his critiques of the purity legacy and traditions. 

Analysis of Symbols in The Scarlet Letter 

This is perhaps the foremost symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book and represents a variety of things. One such thing is that it serves as an identity for the transgressor or sinner of adultery – as is the case with the protagonist, Hester Prynne. 

Hester’s daughter’s character also has an allegorical attachment to its overall essence. Pearl is a direct repercussion of Hester’s son of adultery, but also a symbol of hope for a better life, in the latter part of the book.

Chillingworth

In the book’s reality, he is the husband of Hester, but in terms of the motif to which he represents, Chillingworth proves to be as his name appears; cold. He’s a cold and means man towards the people around him, and this is perhaps one of the reasons Hester could never find love with him. 

What is the main theme in ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by Nathaniel Hawthorne?

Sin and punishment are probably the two most discussed themes in ‘ The Scarlet Letter ,’ and these subjects are pervasive and heavily indulged in by the author throughout the book. 

What does the color red represent in ‘The Scarlet Letter’?

The color red represents sin, and in the book’s case, the sin of adultery – which Hester, the protagonist, is indicted of from the onset of the book. 

What narrative style is deployed by Nathaniel Hawthorne in ‘The Scarlet Letter’?

Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes the third person narrative technique in his book, ‘ The Scarlet Letter, ’ as this allows the narrator to tell his story subjectively – but from a rounded, three-dimensional standpoint on the characters. 

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About Victor Onuorah

Victor is as much a prolific writer as he is an avid reader. With a degree in Journalism, he goes around scouring literary storehouses and archives; picking up, dusting the dirt off, and leaving clean even the most crooked pieces of literature all with the skill of analysis.

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The Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel hawthorne, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Welcome to the LitCharts study guide on Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter . Created by the original team behind SparkNotes, LitCharts are the world's best literature guides.

The Scarlet Letter: Introduction

The scarlet letter: plot summary, the scarlet letter: detailed summary & analysis, the scarlet letter: themes, the scarlet letter: quotes, the scarlet letter: characters, the scarlet letter: symbols, the scarlet letter: literary devices, the scarlet letter: quizzes, the scarlet letter: theme wheel, brief biography of nathaniel hawthorne.

Historical Context of The Scarlet Letter

Other books related to the scarlet letter.

• Full Title: The Scarlet Letter
• When Written: 1848-1850
• Where Written: Salem, Massachusetts
• When Published: 1850
• Literary Period: Transcendentalism
• Genre: Novel
• Setting: Boston, Massachusetts in the 1640s
• Climax: Dimmesdale's confession and death
• Antagonist: Roger Chillingworth; the Puritans
• Point of View: Third person omniscient

Extra Credit for The Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne and the Salem Witch Trials: Nathaniel Hawthorne was a direct descendent of John Hathorne, (1641-1717), a Puritan justice of the peace. Justice Hathorne is best known for his role as the lead judge in the Salem Witch Trials, in which he sentenced numerous innocent people to death for allegedly practicing witchcraft. Nathaniel added a "w" to his name to distance himself from his infamous ancestor.

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The Scarlet Letter: Essay Questions, Topics, & Prompts

Welcome to our article about The Scarlet Letter . This novel is a masterwork of Nathaniel Hawthorne and one of the most significant works of American literature. It was also the first novel that made an impact this big in Europe.

Here you’ll find everything you need to write The Scarlet Letter essay:

• Basic info about the novel
• Essay ideas and tips
• 40 The Scarlet Letter essay questions for your assignment.

Let’s get started!

• ️🗝️ Key Facts about the Novel
• 📝 Essay Prompts & Ideas
• 💡 40 Essay Questions

🗝️ The Scarlet Letter: Key Facts

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. He was one of the first and most recognized American writers. Hawthorne made a huge impact on fiction and is also well-known for his use of allegory and symbolism.

The Scarlet Letter setting is Boston in the 1600s, which was the Puritan Bay Colony of Massachusetts . Puritan ideas supported strict religious beliefs. During that time, adultery was considered not only a sin but crime. So, those who failed at keeping up with the religious traditions were considered outcasts.

The Scarlet Letter: Short Summary

The Scarlet Letter tells a story about a woman named Hester. While her husband was away, Hester had an affair and had a baby with another man. The people from their town made her wear a scarlet letter A, which stands for Adulteress, on her clothes for the rest of her life as a punishment for her sin.

Here’s a summary of the main events of The Scarlet Letter :

1. Hester committed adultery with a priest Dimmesdale because her husband was away, and she thought he might have been already dead. 2. She gave birth to a child and named her Pearl. 3. Her husband Chillingworth arrived and decided to hide his identity. 4. Chillingworth was driven by revenge and tried to make Dimmesdale confess his sin by manipulating him. 5. Dimmesdale couldn’t bear his guilt and died after his confession. 6. Chillingworth died as he no longer had a reason to live. 7. Hester left Boston with Pearl and then came back again after many years. 8. Hester continued living in her old house and wearing the scarlet letter for the rest of her life.

📝 The Scarlet Letter: Essay Prompts & Ideas

If you are about to write The Scarlet Letter theme essay, here are some prompts for you!

The Scarlet Letter: Literary Analysis Essay

A literary analysis is a type of academic writing aimed at interpreting a piece of literature. An analytical essay about a literary work is also a kind of an argumentative essay. So, you should not summarize the work or conduct a rhetorical analysis.

To conduct a literary analysis, you need to:

• Study the text;
• Break down its themes;
• Figure out the reason behind the author’s choices.

To write The Scarlet Letter literary analysis essay, make sure to analyze the language used, the author’s perspective, text structure, and literary devices.

The Scarlet Letter Literary Devices

Writers use literary devices to express ideas and meanings in their works.

The Scarlet Letter literary devices include:

• Metaphors ;

You can analyze them separately but also altogether. If you are about to write about the literary devices in The Scarlet Letter essay, you can analyze how the author used them to express the religious idea in the novel.

Literary devices analysis might be too broad to analyze in an essay paragraph. However, it is a good topic for discussion in a research paper or term paper .

Irony in The Scarlet Letter

There are three kinds of irony:

• situational,

The author expresses dramatic irony in The Scarlet Letter through Chillingworth and Dimmesdale. Chillingworth is driven by his revenge and desire to find a man who had an affair with his wife. It turned out that Dimmesdale, who he lived with, was the one.

Situational irony describes unexpected events. For example, when Dimmesdale decided to go on a scaffold to confess his sin. He believed that his confession could set him free and let him be together with Hester and Pearl. However, something unexpected happened. He died after his confession.

Verbal irony is when someone’s words do not match the real meaning behind them. The example is when Dimmesdale asked Hester to reveal who is Pearl’s father in front of everyone because he didn’t have the courage to do so.

Metaphors in The Scarlet Letter

A metaphor is a figure of speech where a word or expression is used to convey some meaning by comparison to something else.

For example, the expression “a black sheep” means a person who is disgracing a family.

Nathaniel Hawthorne used metaphors in The Scarlet Letter to convey his idea about sin, guilt, and purity. For example, in chapter 16, Hawthorne used the metaphor “a Black Man” to express Hester’s sin.

Allusions in The Scarlet Letter

An allusion is a reference to a thing, event, person, etc. It can be both direct and indirect.

Nathaniel Hawthrone used Biblical and historical allusions in The Scarlet Letter . One of the historical allusions refers to Anne Hutchinson , who was mentioned in the first chapter. She was an actual historical figure -a Puritan spiritual leader born in 1591.

One of the Biblical allusions is Pearl, who Nathaniel Hawthorne named after the pearl of great price in the Bible.

The Scarlet Letter Symbolism Essay

Symbolism in literature is a figure of speech to represent an idea through different things.

If you are about to write The Scarlet Letter symbolism essay, here are some of the main symbols in the novel.

• The scarlet letter symbolism . The scarlet letter that Hester had to wear was supposed to symbolize her sin. However, the author refers to it as a “mystic symbol.”
• Red and black symbolism . Hawthorne uses color symbolism too. Red symbolizes passion, while black – sin.
• Pearl symbolism . Hester’s daughter Pearl also served as a symbol in the novel. In the 19 th chapter, the author referred to Pearl as “living hieroglyphic.”

The Scarlet Letter Theme Essay

Themes in literature can be either something that the reader thinks of while reading or the idea conveyed through the literature piece.

The Scarlet Letter has several essential themes:

• Conformity and Individuality . The town tried to make Hester conform to the religious beliefs. However, Hester remained loyal to her individuality.
• Sin . Since the story takes place in a Puritan community, it has a lot to do with the sin theme. The novel is centered around Hester’s sin and its consequences.
• Puritanism . Puritanism is shown as a very narrow-minded and unforgiving culture. Religion plays an essential role in their community, so all their actions are driven by it.

Essay on The Scarlet Letter Setting

Setting can also be The Scarlet Letter essay topic. The Scarlet Letter takes place in the Puritan community in Boston of the 1600s . This setting plays a crucial role in understanding the theme and idea in the novel.

Puritans left England and moved to Plymouth because of their different beliefs. They wanted to organize a community where they could follow their strict religious rules.

Nathaniel Hawthorne describes the setting in a detailed way to show the conflict between nature and society.

Forest as a setting can also be a discussion of The Scarlet Letter essay questions.

Essay on the Conflict in The Scarlet Letter

Conflict in literature is used as another literary device to show a conflict between two opposite believes.

The main conflict in The Scarlet Letter is between Hester and society . The townspeople accused her of her sin and made her an outsider. However, it didn’t break her. Instead, she remained strong and decided to wear the scarlet letter even after returning to the town after many years.

Another conflict is an inner conflict that Dimmesdale had. He suffered from shame, but at the same time, he was too afraid to open up about it.

💡 40 The Scarlet Letter Essay Questions

Here’s our list of 40 The Scarlet Letter Essay Topics. Find something that you would be interested in writing about. And if there is nothing suitable for you in the list, try using our topic generator for more ideas.

• How is the conflict of man vs. society depicted in The Scarlet Letter?
• What are the literary devices used in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author use irony in the Scarlet Letter?
• How does the introduction of The Scarlet Letter help us understand the historical background?
• What are the metaphors in The Scarlet Letter?
• What are the allusions in The Scarlet Letter?
• What do colors symbolize in The Scarlet Letter?
• What does scarlet letter symbolize?
• What role does religion play in The Scarlet Letter?
• What are the themes in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does setting impact the themes in The Scarlet Letter?
• What are the main conflicts in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author use dramatic irony in The Scarlet Letter?
• What is situational irony in The Scarlet Letter?
• What is the metaphorical meaning behind “a Black Man” in The Scarlet Letter?
• How is the verbal irony depicted in The Scarlet Letter?
• In what ways does Hester confront society?
• What is the Biblical allusion in The Scarlet Letter?
• What are the historical allusions in The Scarlet Letter?
• How is conformity depicted in The Scarlet Letter?
• What does Pearl symbolize in The Scarlet Letter?
• What role does personality play in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author represent the sin theme in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author portray the Puritanism theme in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author depict Dimmesdale’s inner conflict?
• Why does the author is so detailed about the settings in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author show the conflict between a man and nature in The Scarlet Letter?
• What is the role of Native Americans in The Scarlet Letter?
• What is the difference between Hester’s attitude towards society and society’s attitude towards her?
• What are the symbols that the author uses in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does Dimmesdale punish himself?
• What are the similarities between Dimmesdale and Chillingworth?
• Why did Chillingworth forgive Hester in The Scarlet Letter?
• How does the author portray Chillingworth’s obsession with revenge?
• In what ways is The Scarlet Letter a feminist novel?
• Why did Chillingworth decide to hide his identity?
• Why did the author incorporate a hundred-year-old manuscript in The Scarlet Letter?
• How is American History connected to The Scarlet Letter?
• Why is Pearl both a blessing and a curse to Hester?
• What is the difference in punishments for men and women in the Puritan community?
• What are Chillingworth’s ideas of revenge?

Do you have any other ideas for The Scarlet Letter essay title? What questions and answers would you discuss in your thesis? Let us know what you think about our The Scarlet Letter essay prompts in the comments below!

❓ The Scarlet Letter Essay: FAQ

Where does the scarlet letter take place.

The Scarlet Letter takes place in the Puritan Bay Colony of Massachusetts in Boston of the 1600s. Puritans supported extreme religious beliefs and social morals. It led to many punishments for the ones who failed to follow the Puritan ideas.

How many chapters are in The Scarlet Letter?

The Scarlet Letter has 24 chapters.

What does The Scarlet Letter symbolize?

The Scarlet Letter symbolizes a stigma that lets everyone know Hester’s sin. Although it was supposed to be a sign of shame, it became an identification of Hester’s power instead. She was not ashamed of it and even proceeded to wear the scarlet letter after coming back to the town after many years.

When was The Scarlet Letter published?

The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850 by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

🔗 References

• The Scarlet Letter – Project Gutenberg
• The Scarlet Letter: Study Guide | SparkNotes
• The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne – Goodreads
• The Scarlet Letter | Summary, Analysis, Characters, & Facts
• ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Reviewed
• Nathaniel Hawthorne – Books, Quotes & Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter - List of Free Essay Examples And Topic Ideas

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, set in 17th-century Puritan Massachusetts, explores themes of guilt, sin, and redemption through the narrative of Hester Prynne, a woman punished for adultery. Essays could delve into the critical analysis of these themes, examining how they reflect and critique the societal mores and religious dogma of the time. They might also discuss the character dynamics, symbolism, and the psychological underpinnings of the narrative, exploring how the characters navigate the complex moral landscape depicted. Discussions could further extend to the broader impact and legacy of “The Scarlet Letter” within American literature and cultural discourse, and its relevance to contemporary discussions of gender, shame, and social judgment. A vast selection of complimentary essay illustrations pertaining to The Scarlet Letter you can find at Papersowl. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

What does the a in the Scarlet Letter Signify

Do people in the modern day world identify themselves with how they dress? Whether it is the way they dress or wear their hair, it is a way of showing your character to the public. For the leading protagonist, Hester, in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hawthorne portrays her as someone who is judged by her town for her "identify" based on a letter "A" that she wears on her clothes. Throughout the story the symbolism of the scarlet […]

Puritanism in the Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne was created to display how life was during the Puritanism period in the seventeenth century. This novel has representations of the Puritan culture because it shows how the characters are expected to live by the word of God, specifically, and if anyone deterred, then they would be punished severely by an unforgiving society. In the Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne used the main principles, hypocrisy in the Puritan culture, punishment, and predestination to display the Puritan […]

About Strong Female Character Hester

Hester is an strong female character. The Scarlet Letter is not a feminist novel, it is more of an commentary on the society rather than a feminist novel as a whole. Throughout the novel, Hawthorne represents many strong characters throughout the novel. Some of the characters like Chillingworth are much stronger than others such as Dimmesdale. The main protagonist in the novel is Hester Prynne. An feminist is someone who is for feminism that wants all women to have the […]

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Theme of Hypocrisy in the Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter authored by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an American literature classic. It delves into a puritanical society and follows the life of Hester, a woman convicted of lechery. Her punishment is to permanently wear a token of her sin. The punishment, a scarlet "A", causes her to experience humiliation wherever she travels and is a constant reminder to herself of her sin. Whilst Hester did commit lechery, the focal sin of the book mentioned by the author is hypocrisy. […]

The Theme of Exposed Sin in the Scarlet Letter

Discuss Nathaniel Hawthorne's portrayal of the theme of exposed sin versus hidden sin in the novel as seen through the development of the main characters over the course of the story. For this essay, challenge yourself to develop a more sophisticated thesis statement that is a complex or a compound-complex sentence rather than the three-pronged format. Additionally, each body paragraph needs to contain three quotes. Be sure that the quotes DO NOT COME FROM THE SAME CHAPTER. I. Introduction - […]

An Analysis of the Scarlett Letter

In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne a recurring theme is fate versus free will. Fate is the development of events beyond a person's control, determined by a supernatural force. Free will is the ability to act at one's own discretion. In the novel, Hester Prynne is sentenced to a lifetime of judgement by wearing an A on her chest, which symbolizes adultery, one of the biggest sins in a functioning Puritan Society. From the beginning of the […]

Symbols in the Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne presents numerous of symbols throughout The Scarlet Letter. He uses them to show the purpose of the "A" and ways it develop its significance over time. These symbols have a pessimistic and affirmative impact on a few of the characters in the novel including Hester Prynne, Pearl, and Dimmesdale. All of these characters either represent or connect to the meaning of the sin. Hawthorne causes each of the individuals have a different effect on ways society acknowledges their sin. […]

Religion in the Scarlet Letter

Everyone has sinned at some point in their lives and it has ruined relationships. Sinning however can be redeemable but it takes hard work and dedication in order to achieve that goal. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne we follow Hester Prynne our female protagonist and her journey along the aftermath of sin and the change it brings in each character along the way. In seventeenth century Boston, the protagonist Hester Prynne does a horrible thing and […]

The Scarlett Letter Report

Sin. Everyone does it, and everyone gets punished for it in some way. Weather it be a slap on the wrist or forcing one to sew a scarlet letter onto the bosom of their clothes. But it is how you take the punishment that will define you. Hester Prynne took her punishment and wore it with golden embroidery. Even though Hester Prynne is forced to face the torment from the townspeople and from her vengeful husband, she shows women everywhere […]

Examples of Revenge in the Scarlet Letter

Often times we hear "What's good for the goose is what's good for gander," in other words, if one person committed a crime they should both be punished the same. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, he explores the sin of Hester Prynne and Author Dimmesdale. He reveals these two characters to show that staying hidden and suffering in silence is worse than being publicly humiliated. Although Hester has committed a serious crime (adultery), she wears her scarlet letter […]

Various Writing Techniques in the Scarlet Letter

Throughout the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne writes from the viewpoint of a third person narrator. This narrator focuses is seen to have many opinions and shows an admiration toward Hester Prynne and women in general. Hawthorne's use of certain language makes it evident that he shows a lot of admiration towards Hester and believes women are capable beings that deserve treated with value and respect. The language that Hawthorne uses to describe Hester Prynne is much different than […]

Settings of Scarlet Letter

The scarlet letter begins with a lengthy introduction how the book was written. The narrator was the surveyor of the customhouse located in Salem, Massachusetts. He found a variety of documents in the attic. One of them was a manuscript stuck together with a gold-embroidered scarlet patch of cloth shaped like a letter "A". The manuscript was written by a surveyor prior to him. It included some happenings that occurred about two hundred years before the narrator's time. He concluded […]

Analysis of Hidden Sin in the Scarlet Letter

"The human body is the best picture of the human soul"(Ludwig Wittgenstein). This concept by Wittgenstein is best reflected in the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Scarlet Letter is set in the 17 century in a British colony, with Hawthorne telling the reader how hidden sin affects the human body and soul in three different characters: Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Doctor Chillingworth, and Hester Prynne. One of the first ways Hawthorne explores the effect on hidden sin is Dimmesdale keeping […]

Comparing the Great Gatsby and the Scarlet Letter

In choosing to compare and contrast the works The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, both novels feature characters who have hidden secrets which are revealed, but the societies surrounding them are in stark contrast to one another. The novel The Scarlet Letter is set in a Boston Puritan society, during the seventeenth century, with components of scandal and disguise. Meanwhile The Great Gatsby also features scandalous accounts, but set in a contrasting […]

Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter

The Puritans were a group of people, who had very strong religious beliefs, judged everyone harshly and played a prominent role in the 17th century set book, The Scarlet Letter. There are a lot of different factors in the book that play a big role, sin plays a big role in developing the whole story and there are many important pieces of symbolism in the book. In chapter 23 of Nathaniel Hawthorne's best work, The Scarlet Letter, there are numerous […]

The Scarlet Letter Reading Assignment

I agree with the assertion that Hester Prynne is a feminist, whether Hawthorne intended for her to be or not. In the beginning of the novel, when Hester is forced to stand on the scaffold to face public humiliation, many demand her to reveal the identity of the child's father. Instead, Hester refuses to answer stating "'I will not speak!' answered Hester, turning pale as death, but responding to this voice," (Hawthorne, 58). She stands her ground and denies the […]

Exploring Metaphors in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

A Dive into the Art of Fear by Edwards and Hawthorne The authors Jonathan Edwards and Nathaniel Hawthorne both use their writing to look into why people are afraid of something unpredictable. Edwards caused people to have a lot of fear because he was telling them that their actions would result in where they would spend their afterlife. Hawthorne, however, uses emblems and speaks about the emotions that the characters are going through. Edwards and Hawthorne both state their purposes […]

Analysis of the Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, takes place in Boston, a puritan society. Hester Prynne, a young woman, arrived in Boston from overseas awaiting the arrival of her husband. While waiting she has an affair. Hester is sent to jail and once she serves her sentence, she is sent out with her child, Pearl, and a scarlet 'A' on her chest. The town wants to know who her secret lover is, but Hester will not tell. She will not tell […]

How is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Novel the Scarlet Letter an Example of Romanticism?

The Scarlet Letter begins with an introduction explaining how the book came to be. The introduction is narrated by the surveyor of the customhouse. While in the customhouse attic he found documents, and one of the documents was wrapped with a gold patch in the shape of an "A." This document discussed specific events that happened many years prior to when the narrator was even alive. Once he lost his job at the customhouse he decided to write about the […]

Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Scarlet Letter

Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist known for his twisted romance novels. Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804. Hawthorn lost his father at a young age which left his mother a little distant. He attended courses at Bowdoin College which inspired him to read, and had exposed him to classic literature. Hawthorne took interest in the romantic movement occurring at the time, more specifically the dark romance genre that was popular at the time. He used the popular […]

Hester and Symbols in the Scarlet Letter

“The Scarlet Letter” is not so much a consideration of Hester Prynne’s intuitive character as it is an exploration of the strength that shapes her, and the transformations of those strengths effect. Hester is a self-sufficient single mother in one of the bleak most forbidding moments in America's history. Hester finds a way to support her daughter in a time when women were only presumed to support their husbands. She uses her inherent strength to mold into the meaning of […]

The Scarlett Letter’ Book about a Woman

Nathaniel Hawthorn's 'The Scarlett Letter' is a book about a woman who committed adultery with another man and had a child named Pearl. She is the main character in this story. She is first described after she gets released from prison as a young woman 'marked with natural dignity and force of character' (Hawthorn 80). She is described to be dignified woman, beautiful but strong. She is dressed in a scarlet letter "A" on her chest made from fine red […]

Main Characters in the Scarlet Letter

In the book "The Scarlet Letter," the two main characters Hester and Dimmesdale had their differences but they were alike in many ways. Throughout the book, they changed and came across obstacles and contradicted on decisions. Hester and Dimmesdale were a major part in the book as they both carried the guilt of sin. They had a complicated relationship and caused troubles for each other. Their guilt affected their lives, the way they lived, and caused punishment. This guilt dragged […]

An Book the Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter has been captivating readers since it was first published in 1850 by author Nathaniel Hawthorne. This historical fiction, romance, yet sinful book is about a woman named Hester Prynne who was sent to Boston by her husband, had committed adultery while waiting for her husband to arrive to Boston. She gives birth to a daughter named Pearl and they move to a small cottage near the edge of Boston where they are both shunned by the whole […]

The Scaffold in the Scarlet Letter

In addition to being a symbol of sin, the scaffold represents shame and guilt. When Hester is seen on the scaffold in the opening chapters, she hides the scarlet letter "A" because the letter is viewed as a symbol of shame and guilt: "When the young women - the mother of this child - stood fully revealed before the crowd, it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to her bosom: not so much by an […]

Irony in the Scarlet Letter: Unmasking Hypocrisy and Destruction

Introduction The work of fiction, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, shows the combination of a violently utopian society throughout the novel to establish the corruption of the Puritan lifestyle located in Boston. The author illustrates how the community overpowers individuals due to their lack of ability to stand within the Puritan religion. In an ironic and skeptical tone, Hawthorne addresses a universal audience to take notice of societal judgments and how keeping one's wrongdoing a secret and away from […]

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How To Write an Essay About The Scarlet Letter

Understanding 'the scarlet letter'.

Before you begin writing an essay about 'The Scarlet Letter,' it's crucial to have a thorough understanding of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel. Set in 17th century Puritan Massachusetts, the story explores themes of sin, guilt, and redemption through the experiences of Hester Prynne, who is punished for adultery. Start by familiarizing yourself with the plot, characters, and the Puritan setting, which heavily influences the story. Grasp the historical and cultural context of the time, as this will provide essential background for your analysis. Understanding Hawthorne’s use of symbolism, especially the scarlet letter 'A' and its various interpretations, is also key.

Developing a Clear Thesis

Your essay should revolve around a clear, concise thesis statement. This could be an argument about the novel's central themes, its commentary on society and morality, or the character analysis of Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, or Roger Chillingworth. Your thesis should guide the focus of your essay and present a unique angle or perspective on the novel.

Gathering Textual Evidence

To support your thesis, gather evidence from the text. This involves closely reading the novel to find relevant quotes, descriptions, and actions of characters that align with your thesis. For instance, if you're discussing the theme of sin and redemption, identify instances in the text that explore these themes. Use these examples to build your argument and give depth to your analysis.

Analyzing Hawthorne's Techniques

Analyze how Hawthorne uses literary techniques to enhance the novel's themes and characters. Consider his use of symbolism, imagery, and irony, as well as his narrative style. For example, explore how the setting of the Puritan community contributes to the novel’s themes, or how Hawthorne’s use of symbolism adds layers of meaning to the story. Your analysis should deepen the reader’s understanding of the novel and provide insight into Hawthorne’s writing.

Concluding Your Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing your main points and restating your thesis in light of the analysis. Your conclusion should bring together your insights into 'The Scarlet Letter,' emphasizing the significance of your findings. Reflect on the broader implications of the novel, such as its relevance in modern society or its place in American literary history.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and edit it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and your evidence is clearly presented. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically. Consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors to further refine your essay. A well-written essay on 'The Scarlet Letter' will not only demonstrate your understanding of the novel but also your ability to critically engage with literary texts.

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“The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

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The story of The Scarlet Letter tells about an issue, which at first seems to be clear: a woman committed adultery and was punished for her sin, and any attempt to deny her guilt would seem a demonstration of moral relativism. Clear at first glance, the story begs several questions which touch on the issues of morality and humanity.

The cornerstone of this discussion is the global question of all times about whether the punishment by law is a tool for reform or revenge. It is interesting to analyze The Scarlet Letter from this point of view.

Hester was obviously punished for her crime. But her guilt can be hardly compared to this punishment. First of all, the key point in this discussion is the following: does the adultery affect the whole society? If not, the law has no authority to punish for it. If yes, this also begs several questions. Firstly, it is necessary to define what Hester’s sin consists of. Is their couple full of passion and respect? It can be hardly seen from the first moments describing relations of Hester and her husband. It is not difficult to guess that her feeling toward Dimmesdale was the first real passion in her life. Thus, her sin consists even not exactly of committing adultery, but of having been not able to predict the further crash of the family which is not built on the real feelings.

However, the punishment seems to be too strict for the juvenile carelessness. In fact, in a society where the moral principles and the Biblical postulate have a prevailing position, self-condemnation is already a strong punishment. As the principle of philosophy claims, only the inner contradiction can be a source of development and growth. That is why the punishment did not reach its aim of reform: Hester managed to deal with her status and turned the scarlet letter of her sin into a bright accessory, a symbol of her passion and strength.

The story of The Scarlet Letter reminds me of the Biblical story of the Original Sin. This begs the question, whether a human or the whole society has a right to take the function of God and to punish the sin.

Puritan tradition implies keeping the devout way of thinking and behavior. However, the people who formed the protagonist’s environment forgot about one of the main postulates of their religion, which says not to judge other people. The ability to understand and forgive is a much stronger weapon than deaf emphatic piety. The benefactor of forgiving and giving the second chance is the basis of and humane society.

In the second scene, author summarizes, “Yes these were her realities—all else had vanished” (Hawthorne 114). This small hyphen seems to be a huge insuperable precipice between the past, full of love and sensuality, and the future misery and despair.

However, this story tells about one more destiny affected by society: Hester’s daughter Pearl. The shadow of the scarlet letter does not promise any possibility for the future prosperity and future of a small girl. This unmerited punishment contradicts the concept of humanity, which gives priority to the rights of every person. In fact, causing the suffering of an innocent human is a sin, which seems much stronger than the protagonist’s adultery.

The strong and bright metaphoric image of a rosebush and a prison building, which runs through the whole narration, contrasts the blossom of sensuality with the cold shade of pitiless authoritarian restraint. The heavy wooden door of the prison embodies not only the severe inhumane law but as well strict and merciless spirit prevailing in the society. Trying to punish for the crime, the society committed the biggest crime of inhumanity.

Bibliography

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. London; New York: Everyman’ Library, 1969. Print.

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1. IvyPanda . ""The Scarlet Letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne." December 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-scarlet-letter-by-nathaniel-hawthorne-essay/.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — The Scarlet Letter — The Scarlet Letter: Literature Review

The Scarlet Letter: Literature Review

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The Scarlet Letter

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A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Before You Read

Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Introduction

Chapters 1-4

Chapters 5-8

Chapters 9-12

Chapters 13-16

Chapters 17-20

Chapters 21-24

Character Analysis

Symbols & Motifs

Important Quotes

Essay Topics

Discussion Questions

One of the defining characteristics of Romantic literature is an appreciation of nature’s beauty and an association of the natural world with inspiration, authenticity, and freedom. How does The Scarlet Letter reflect these broader Romantic trends?

Although the novel takes place prior to the Salem witch trials, Hawthorne references the trials in the Introduction with the assumption that readers are already familiar with them. How does knowledge of these trials color the novel’s meaning?

Compare and contrast the scene of Hester’s punishment on the scaffold with Dimmesdale’s confession and death. What do these similarities and differences reveal about the novel’s characters or themes?

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The Scarlet Letter

By nathaniel hawthorne, the scarlet letter essay questions.

Is Hester truly penitent for her crime?

Answer: Though Hester regrets the effect her crime has had on her child and on her position in society, she sees Chillingworth's betrayal of Dimmesdale as an even greater crime. Ultimately, Hester learns to forgive herself for her sins while Dimmesdale does not.

Why does Dimmesdale intervene on Pearl's behalf when Governor Bellingham orders her removed from Hester's care?

Answer: There are two possibilities: either he fears Hester revealing his name or he truly believes that Hester deserves to care for her daughter, since he is emotionally connected to Pearl as her father and wants Hester to raise her. Ultimately, we believe that it is guilt which motivates him most, since he comes to Hester's defense only after she looks at him with imploring eyes.

What is the difference between how adultery is viewed now and how it was viewed by Puritan society? In other words, where does the blame lie?

Answer: In modern society, adultery is seen as a breach of contract between two people and therefore a private matter. In Puritan society, adultery was seen as a breach of contract between two people and the community in which they lived.

How is the Scarlet Letter embodied by Pearl?

Answer: Pearl, in her wild, unrepressed passion, represents the adulterous passion of her parents, as does the scarlet letter. In her society, she is completely out of place, a child of illicit passion and a constant reminder, like the scarlet letter, of that passion.

Why does Dimmesdale keep putting his hand over his heart?

Answer: Pearl asks this question repeatedly of her mother, but Hester will not answer her. Over time, we understand that Dimmesdale has literally and figuratively inscribed his own scarlet letter into the flesh above his heart so that he can commune with Hester's guilt, shame, and public excommunication.

Do people in the community believe Hester's punishment for adultery is too light or too strict?

Answer: For the most part, they believe it is too lenient, and some advocate branding her with a hot iron or death, the sentence associated with the crime of adultery both in the New England statutes of the time and in the Bible. As time progresses, however, they loosen slightly in their attitudes, though not as much as Hester would expect. Those who acknowledge their own sinfulness are somewhat less quick to judge Hester and can see the case for a less strict punishment by the community.

What are the purposes of the opening Custom-House essay?

Answer: The Custom-House introduction does more than increase the length of the novel, which Hawthorne thought was too short. It also adds a frame story and a romantic sense of truth or non-fiction to the tale. It introduces themes and imagery that will appear later in the novel. And it adds weight to the story by suggesting that the actual fabric of the scarlet letter continues to hold power.

Who is more racked by guilt, Hester or Dimmesdale?

Answer: Dimmesdale has sinned according to his own system of beliefs, since as the town minister he has violated the values he has preached against for decades. He takes his guilt to heart and suffers mightily. Hester, meanwhile, has come to terms with her sin over time.

What do Dimmesdale and Chillingworth share, other than Hester herself?

Answer: Both Dimmesdale and Chillingworth conceal their relationships to the adulterous act, leaving Hester as the only person to take public responsibility for the affair. They continue to maintain prominent roles in society. Both men are ultimately destroyed by this secrecy as they become entangled in a parasitic relationship.

Does Chillingworth ever forgive Hester?

Answer: Chillingworth seems forgiving of Hester at the outset, and he seems to transfer his rage onto Dimmesdale, whom he pursues relentlessly. Indeed, he seems to understand that he shouldn't have married a woman who would never love him, but Dimmesdale must be punished for allowing Hester to indulge her passion. His sinister acts toward the end of the novel are ameliorated somewhat by his choice to leave his estate to Pearl.

The Scarlet Letter Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for The Scarlet Letter is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

Scarlet Letter Quotes Please

Her breast, with its badge of shame , was but the softer pillow for the head that needed one. ch 13

Why does Dimmesdale decide to flee with Hester?

Dimmesdale looks beyong his place in the community and embraces his role as a father. He wants his family, so he decides to leave.

who is the elder clergyman who speaks to hester

The elder minister is John Wilson.

Study Guide for The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter study guide contains a biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About The Scarlet Letter
• The Scarlet Letter Summary
• The Scarlet Letter Video
• Character List

Essays for The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

• The Little Human A Incarnate
• Perception Blanketed by Passion
• Original Sin
• Hawthorne's "Witch-Baby" in The Scarlet Letter
• Hester's Role as Both the Sinner and Saint

Lesson Plan for The Scarlet Letter

• About the Author
• Study Objectives
• Common Core Standards
• Introduction to The Scarlet Letter
• Relationship to Other Books
• Bringing in Technology
• Notes to the Teacher
• Related Links
• The Scarlet Letter Bibliography

E-Text of The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter e-text contains the full text of The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

• INTRODUCTORY. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE
• CHAPTER I. THE PRISON-DOOR
• CHAPTER II. THE MARKET-PLACE
• CHAPTER III. THE RECOGNITION
• CHAPTER IV. THE INTERVIEW

Wikipedia Entries for The Scarlet Letter

• Introduction
• Major theme
• Publication history
• Critical response

The Scarlet Letter (1850): Library Resources

• Library Resources
• Web Sources

Library Databases

Use the links below to search for criticism and interpretation of literary works, as well as biographical information about authors. To access databases from off-campus, you will need to log in with your MyAACC credentials or enter your library barcode number.

• Gale Literature This link opens in a new window
• Infobase eBooks This link opens in a new window
• MagillOnLiterature Plus This link opens in a new window
• Project MUSE This link opens in a new window
• JSTOR This link opens in a new window
• Gale eBooks This link opens in a new window
• ProQuest Ebook Central This link opens in a new window
• EBSCO eBook Collections This link opens in a new window
• ABC-CLIO eBook Collection This link opens in a new window
• Oxford African American Studies Center This link opens in a new window

Use this database for general background information and to define unfamiliar words and phrases:

• Credo Reference This link opens in a new window

To further research historical context of literary works, use:

• Daily Life through History This link opens in a new window
• ProQuest News & Newspapers This link opens in a new window
• Academic Video Online: Premium This link opens in a new window

Use these databases to broaden your search:

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Read or Search Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Online

Full text of Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is available on the Web at:

• Eldritch Press
• Project Gutenberg
• University of Virginia

Print copies are also available in Truxal Library.

Reference Materials

Search the Library Catalog for the following reference titles that contain material about The Scarlet Letter . These titles may be available in other college or public libraries.

• American Diversity, American Identity: The Lives and Works of 145 Writers Who Define the American Experience
• The American Renaissance
• Critical Survey of Long Fiction [vols 3, 7]
• The Critical Temper [vol 3]
• Cyclopedia of Literary Characters [vol 4]
• Cyclopedia of Literary Places [vol 3]
• Cyclopepdia of World Authors  [vol 3]
• The Handbook of Gothic Literature
• The Library of Literary Criticism [vol 4]
• Masterplots [vol 10]
• [vols 2, 10, 17, 23, 29, 79, 95, 158, 171] - look for Scarlet Letter in the Cumulative Title Index, a separate paperback index that accompanies this multi-volume work
• [vol 48] - locate the topical essay "Nineteenth-Century Historical Fiction"
• [vol 76] - locate the topical essay "Madness in Nineteenth-Century Literature"
• [vol 116] - locate the topical essay "The Prison in Nineteenth-Century Literature"
• [vol 128] - locate the topical essay "American Literary Criticism in the Nineteeth Century
• [vol 140] - locate the topical essay "Ecocriticism in Nineteenth-Century Literature"
• [vol 144] - locate the topical essay "Nineteeth Century Pornography"
• [vol 164] - locate the topical essay "Gender in Nineteenth-Century Literature"
• [vol 176] - locate the topical essay "Motherhood in Nineteenth-Century Literature
• [vol 184] - locate the topical essay "The American Literary Renaissance"
• [vol 192] - locate the topical essay "Calvinism in Nineteenth-Century Literature"
• Notable American Novelists [vol 2]
• Novels for Students [vol 1]
• Student Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne
• [vol 86] - locate the topical essay "Folklore and Literature"
• [vol 126] - locate the topical essay "Law and Literature"
• Understanding The Scarlet Letter: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents

Books & Audio/Visual Materials

Conduct a "Subject Browse" search using the Library Catalog for:

• Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864)

You'll find library materials that provide biographical information about Nathaniel Hawthorne, as well criticism and interpretation of Hawthorne's works.

eBook Spotlight

You might find the following eBooks useful for researching The Scarlet Letter .

• Critical Insights: Nathaniel Hawthorne
• Gothic Writers
• Novels for Students, Vol 1
• Writers of the American Renaissance

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