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As a research scientist, you’ll plan and conduct experiments to help expand the canon of scientific knowledge. With limitless opportunities for discovery across a range of high-growth sectors and industries, being a research scientist is one of the most exciting career paths in STEM. 

What does a research scientist do, exactly.

The purpose of a research scientist role is to conduct lab-based trials and experiments.

Work is often divided between pure research, which advances our understanding of basic processes, and applied research, which uses the information gathered to meet targets such as creating new products, processes, or commercial applications.

Of course, your targets will depend on the specialism of your employer. Research scientists work across a variety of different fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, computer science, environmental science, and even political science.

Responsibilities

Typical day-to-day responsibilities of a research scientist include:

• Creating research proposals
• Planning and conducting experiments
• Collecting samples
• Monitoring experiments
• Recording and analysing data
• Collaborating with other researchers and academia to develop new techniques and products
• Supervising junior staff
• Carrying out fieldwork and monitoring environmental factors
• Researching and writing published papers
• Staying up-to-date with the latest scientific developments

Work environment

As a research scientist, you’ll spend most of your week in a laboratory. These environments can vary depending on your specialism. For example, biology labs are designed to safely house and contain living specimens, while psychology labs may simply consist of a bank of computers.

Aside from lab work, certain aspects of your role (including writing up results or research papers) will be undertaken in an office environment. You may also be required to visit the labs or offices of other researchers or companies, especially if you are collaborating on the same project.

Working hours

Research scientists typically work 35 to 40 hours a week on a 9-to-5, full-time basis. On occasion, you may be required to work overtime or visit the laboratory on weekends to complete certain tasks. That said, most organisations offer flexible working arrangements. 

What skills are needed to be a research scientist?

Though research scientists come in all personality types, you’ll need to have an academic mindset and be naturally inquisitive. Research scientist skills include:

• A methodical approach to gathering and analysing data
• Meticulous attention to detail
• Critical thinking
• Advanced research skills
• Time management
• Strong communication and interpersonal skills
• The ability to work independently
• A collaborative mindset
• Stakeholder management
• Patience and tenacity

How to become a research scientist

As a minimum requirement, you’ll need to obtain a 2:1 bachelor’s degree or higher in a relevant field of science. Most research scientists also have a postgraduate qualification, such as an MSc, an MSci or MBiol. Relevant qualifications include:

• Biochemistry
• Biomedical science
• Environmental science
• Microbiology
• Natural science
• Pharmacology

While a PhD isn’t necessarily required, some employers prefer candidates that either have or are working towards a doctorate. Demonstrable experience of working in a laboratory environment will also improve your employment chances.

Tip: If you’re currently studying or have already attained a relevant degree, try to gain research experience in a lab environment. The best place to start is by expressing your interest to your university department, who may have some voluntary positions available. Alternatively, sending your CV/resume to hospitals and STEM companies will also increase your chances of gaining that vital experience.

How much do research scientists earn?

Like many roles in science, salaries for research scientists depend on your level of experience, your specialism, the employer, and, to a lesser extent, the location. It’s also worth bearing in mind that private-sector salaries tend to be higher than those in the public sector or academia.

In the UK, research scientist salaries range from £20,000 at the entry-level to over £70,000 for university professor senior research fellow roles. The average research scientist salary is £32,330. Most research assistants earn between £26,000 and £35,000.

According to Indeed, the average salary for a research scientist in the US is $111,444.

Please note that income figures are subject to economic conditions and are only intended as a guide.

Is research scientist a good career?

With science constantly opening up exciting new avenues of research, working as a research scientist provides secure employment and gives you the chance to make a real difference within STEM.

Indeed, the outlook for the role is positive: in the US alone, the vocation is expected to grow by 8% and produce over 10,000 job opportunities across the country by 2028 (Zippia). As one of the least likely jobs to be automated in the coming years, the role also offers stability in these turbulent times. 

Offering a strong earning potential and the opportunity to conduct cutting-edge research in a range of industries and locations, research scientist represents one of the most fulfilling career paths around.

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Research Scientist Career Guide

• Career guide intro
• How to become
• Career path

Similar job titles

• Trends and outlook
• Career tips
• Where the jobs are

What is a research scientist?

A research scientist is a complex role found in various industries, including, but not limited to, healthcare, academia, environmental science, and technology. They engage in rigorous and methodical exploration in their field of specialty, seeking to develop new knowledge, products, or technology. These professionals contribute significantly to expanding our understanding of the world, leading to breakthroughs in a variety of sectors.

The work performed by research scientists can directly influence new policies, invent lifesaving medicines, contribute toward environmental sustainability, or drive technological developments. Their value revolves around advancements, change, and progress in the scientific community.

Duties and responsibilities

A research scientist is responsible for designing, conducting, and analyzing experiments or research projects. This involves developing research methodologies, recording detailed observations, and interpreting and analyzing data. They also make adjustments to research processes as necessary to achieve optimal results.

Additionally, they present findings in scholarly papers, technical reports, or scientific conferences. They collaborate with industry or business leaders, policy-makers, or nonprofit organizations to apply the results of their research and contribute to writing grant proposals to secure funding.

Work environment

A research scientist typically operates in a laboratory, field, or office setting, depending on their area of professional focus. In laboratories, they use technical equipment, rigorously studying chemicals, biological samples, or physical phenomena. Field scientists may work in varied and often challenging geographical settings, studying environmental organisms or the earth’s physical features. Office-based research scientists pour over data, write reports, and develop computational models.

Their work environment is usually collaborative, as research scientists often work as part of a team of scientists and other professionals. Their workdays are heavily structured around the precise procedural demands of scientific research, and there may be strict deadlines for project milestones or report submissions.

Typical work hours

Research scientists typically work full-time. Similar to other professions, this usually means a 40-hour work week. However, the nature of scientific research may sometimes demand extended working hours. Monitoring ongoing experiments or meeting tight project deadlines may necessitate working late into the evening or even over weekends.

For those working in field research, their schedule can be deeply impacted by the requirements of the study. This may entail early mornings, late nights, or extended periods away from home. Researchers may have additional teaching responsibilities in academic settings that can alter their schedule during the academic year.

How to become a research scientist

This career guide section outlines how to become a research scientist. Preparing yourself for a successful career as a research scientist includes specific steps involving education, hands-on research, and professional advancement.

Step 1: Earn a bachelor’s degree

Begin your journey toward becoming a research scientist with a bachelor’s degree in a related field. This could include biology, chemistry, physics, or another science-related domain. This undergraduate journey will offer a foundational understanding of scientific principles and methods.

Step 2: Acquire laboratory experience

Relevant experience, particularly within a laboratory, is beneficial. This could be gained through undergraduate laboratory courses or internship placements within scientific research labs. Here, you will learn to use scientific apparatus, follow safety protocols, and perform experimental procedures.

Step 3: Pursue a master’s degree

While not always required, a master’s degree in a related field could enhance your qualifications and open up opportunities for higher-level research projects. It’s common for aspiring research scientists to specialize in their area of interest at this stage.

Step 4: Obtain a Ph.D.

A Ph.D. is usually mandatory for most research scientist positions, especially those in academia. This degree involves in-depth research within your chosen field, thereby equipping you with profound knowledge and research expertise.

Step 5: Complete postdoctoral training

After earning a Ph.D., it’s common to undertake postdoctoral training, which involves working on advanced research projects under the supervision of experienced research scientists. It allows you to gain extensive practical experience, sharpen your research skills, and develop a track record of published research—making you more competitive in the job market.

Step 6: Apply for jobs

With a Ph.D. and postdoctoral training under your belt, you’re ready to seek out research scientist positions. Depending on your interest, these jobs can be found in academic institutions, government agencies, or private sector companies dedicated to research and development.

How much do research scientists make?

Research scientist salaries vary by experience, industry, education, location, and organization size. Total compensation is dependent mainly on the field of research, the scope of projects, and the level of impact on scientific advancement.

Highest paying industries

• Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing – $105,430
• Scientific Research and Development Services – $100,790
• Government – $97,230

Highest paying states

• California – $114,600
• New Jersey – $111,140
• Washington – $103,390
• Connecticut – $97,370
• Texas – $96,150

The average national salary for a Research Scientist is:

Browse research scientist salary data by market

Types of research scientists

This career guide section highlights the various career types and areas of specialization for research scientists. Below, we highlight the unique attributes and responsibilities of each job title.

Industrial research scientist

Working in private sector industries, such as pharmaceutical companies or technology corporations, is something industrial research scientists often do. Their primary role involves conducting experiments or investigations to develop new products, improve existing ones, or explore theoretical advancements.

Academic research scientist

As the name suggests, the professional domain of academic research scientists is the global realm of higher education. They are involved in groundbreaking research projects while performing a broad range of other duties, such as teaching, mentoring students, and writing grant proposals.

Government research scientist

These professionals dedicate their time and effort to projects commissioned by governmental bodies. Their tasks could lead scientists to research public health matters, environmental issues, or national security, helping to inform government policy.

Clinical research scientist

Within the healthcare sector, clinical research scientists play an invaluable role. Their primary responsibilities include designing, implementing, and interpreting the results of clinical trials, all to advance medical understanding and improve patient care.

Field research scientist

Field research scientists take the lead when it comes to outdoor explorations and conducting investigations in natural settings. They are usually involved in geology, biology, or climate science, where extensive fieldwork is integral to their research.

Top skills for research scientists

This section outlines the primary skills and traits needed for career success as a research scientist. The role of a research scientist often requires a combination of technical and soft skills, including analytical ability, communication skills, and teamwork.

Analytical ability

Research scientists need strong analytical abilities to design, conduct, and evaluate experiments using complex statistical analysis. This means they must not only understand the methods and theories behind these experiments, but also be able to interpret and communicate the results in a meaningful way. An analytical mind is vital for examining elements, synthesizing information and draw insightful conclusions.

Communication skills

Communication skills are integral to the role of a research scientist, who must effectively communicate their findings to colleagues, the public, and other stakeholders through both written and oral presentations. Reports, academic papers, presentations at conferences or to investors, and informal discussions require strong communication skills. Explaining complex ideas in a clear and accessible manner is essential.

Often, research is not a solitary endeavor. It involves working in teams made up of diverse disciplines and backgrounds. Thus, being able to work effectively with others is vital. Collaborative and cooperative behavior can significantly improve the efficiency and success of a research team’s efforts.

Problem-solving skills

Unforeseen challenges are often part of research. A good research scientist must be composed and adaptive in the face of problems, frustration, or failure. Their problem-solving aptitude is paramount in creating innovative solutions and continuously pushing the boundaries of their work. They need to be critical thinkers who can evaluate different approaches and find the most effective method to solve problems and answer questions.

Technical skills

A research scientist must possess relevant technical skills, including knowledge in a specific scientific field, laboratory procedures, and the ability to use specialized research tools and equipment. Depending on the scientific discipline, this could involve biotechnology practices, programming capabilities, or advanced statistical tools proficiency. Staying updated with new technologies and tools can significantly assist in more effective and efficient research.

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Research scientist career path

After several years of conducting experiments and research, it’s common to move on to other roles within the scientific community. These will likely still be research-based but with additional responsibilities and leadership.

Becoming a project manager is attainable after gaining relevant work experience. This role involves the management of projects and supervising a team of researchers. It calls for a deeper comprehension of project planning, budgeting, and team coordination. If scientists prefer to advance within their fields without assuming administrative duties, a career in specialized research may present extended opportunities.

Establishing a reputation for proficiency and reliability can lead to an invitation to join a scientific advisory board. On such boards, members provide guidance based on their professional expertise and knowledge of scientific trends. These individuals play a critical role in influencing organizational decisions and directing future investigations.

Those inclined toward teaching could transition into academia, where they can use their skills and knowledge to educate aspiring scientists. Universities and research institutions offer opportunities to divide one’s time between teaching and research, which is a rewarding career route for many.

Becoming an independent consultant is also an avenue for experienced scientists. This involves sharing your expertise with various organizations, often as part of a team formed specifically for a project. This role often demands extensive travel and flexible working hours.

• Data Scientist
• Medical Science Liaison
• Laboratory Analyst
• Quality Analyst
• Computer Scientist
• Biostatistician
• Environmental Scientist

Position trends and outlook for research scientists

Recently, a trend has been leaning toward cross-disciplinary research, where firms merge different study areas to achieve more comprehensive and impactful results. Biotechnology, data science, and artificial intelligence have seen a substantial inflow of research scientists. Also, increased stress on environmental sustainability has led to a surge in demand for research scientists in fields related to climate change, alternative energy sources, and waste management.

The digital revolution has heavily impacted this profession. With the mounting amount of data available, research scientists must be proficient in data analytics tools to handle and interpret large datasets. Technological disruptions require constant up-skilling in digital literacy, making lifelong learning almost mandatory in this profession. Scientists are increasingly conducting and sharing their research online, contributing to the trend of open science, where findings are freely accessible to the public.

Employment projections

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the overall employment of research scientists is projected to grow 21 percent through 2031, significantly faster than the average for all occupations. Increasingly, the workforce is expected to demand higher levels of education and training. With increased public awareness of environmental and public health issues, there will be a boost in demand for professionals in these particular research areas. The role of a research scientist promises potential growth in the future with ample opportunities for career advancement.

Research scientist career tips

Understand the big picture.

As a research scientist, your primary task will involve looking into the finer details of various study areas. It’s essential, however, to regularly take a step back and comprehend the larger implications of your work. Develop a clear perspective of how your research pertains to more significant questions – a practice that will aid you while framing your direction and communicating findings to non-specialists.

Invest time in programming and data analysis

Data interpretation is a significant aspect of research. Familiarize yourself with software such as R, Python, and SQL, which are popular in research. These tools can augment your ability to interpret and visualize complex data, making you a more effective researcher. Continuous learning of trending technological tools can provide a competitive edge in your career.

Become acquainted with writing research grants

Funding is a critical aspect of scientific research. Understanding how to write a compelling research grant proposal that can secure necessary funding is vital for every research scientist. Work on developing this skill early in your career, as it will help you implement your ideas and make you more employable.

Build a professional network

A strong network can open avenues for collaborative projects, provide learning opportunities from various wisdom wells, and even help secure funding. Do not limit your networking to conferences and seminars; take advantage of digital platforms as well.

• American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
• The National Association of Science Writers (NASW)
• Society for Science & the Public
• American Chemical Society (ACS)
• American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS)

Continuous learning

Science is ever-evolving; hence, the learning curve for a research scientist is constant. Stay updated with the latest research techniques, tools, and discoveries in your specialty area. This consistent learning will enhance your skills and progress your career.

• Courses and certifications in data analysis and programming languages
• Participation in seminars and workshops related to your field of research
• Engaging with scientists’ blogs, podcasts, and webinars for the latest research developments
• Taking advantage of every learning opportunity in high-tech lab equipment and software

Where the research jobs are

Top employers.

• Massachusetts

Top job sites

• ResearchGate

What is the primary role of a research scientist?

A research scientist plans and conducts experiments, analyzes data, interprets results, and prepares related reports. The job involves developing and testing theories, using a broad range of methods to gather data, and ensuring the accuracy of their findings.

What skills are important for a research scientist?

A research scientist must possess strong analytical skills, as much of the job involves analyzing data sets and interpreting findings. Other vital skills include problem-solving to aid in forming theories and conducting experiments and written and verbal communication skills for presenting findings to colleagues, stakeholders, or the scientific community.

What competencies are required for a research scientist?

Besides technical expertise, a research scientist needs mastery of scientific methodologies, attention to detail in experiments, and data analysis competencies. The ability to work independently and as part of a team, the flexibility to handle changing priorities, and the capacity to remain updated with scientific advancements are also important.

Do research scientists work in teams?

Yes, research scientists often work in teams to conduct and analyze experiments. Collaborating with other scientists can facilitate complex projects, bring different perspectives, and improve the rigor of results. A team may include other scientists, research associates, lab technicians, and interns.

What level of education is required to become a research scientist?

Generally, a research scientist holds a doctoral degree in their specific field of science. Before pursuing a doctorate, they gain a solid foundation through a bachelor’s degree and often a master’s degree in a related field. Some positions also require postdoctoral experience. However, different fields and organizations can have distinct educational requirements.

What are the long-term career development opportunities for a research scientist?

The career development path for a research scientist can be quite versatile, depending on the area of study. Opportunities can include becoming a senior scientist, a research director, or pursuing an academic career. Some research scientists choose to transition into related roles such as project management, scientific consulting, or even science writing.

What challenges should a research scientist expect in their career?

Research scientists can face several challenges, including securing funding for research projects and competitions for employment and recognition in their field. In addition to these, they often need to stay updated with the latest relevant scientific advancements and be able to adapt to changes in research methodologies. Another common challenge is the time-consuming nature of conducting extensive research and publishing in peer-reviewed journals.

How does work-life balance typically look for a research scientist?

Work-life balance can vary significantly among research scientists, largely depending on their specific role and current projects. While some may experience regular hours, others might work overtime or on weekends, particularly in high-stakes or time-sensitive projects. However, many research institutions and companies are conscious of the need for balance and provide support for flexible working hours and leave policies.

What is the most rewarding aspect of being a research scientist?

Many research scientists find the discovery process the most rewarding aspect of their work. That is, the ability to develop and test hypotheses, analyze data, and contribute to the scientific community and, in some cases, to society as a whole. Additionally, the intellectual challenge and the opportunity to work on cutting-edge technologies and concepts can be deeply fulfilling.

Reviewed and verified by Pete Newsome

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• CAREER COLUMN
• 05 December 2022

How to manage your time as a researcher

• Maya Gosztyla 0

Maya Gosztyla is a PhD student in biomedical sciences at the University of California, San Diego.

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It took less than two years in graduate school for me to burn out. I was spending long hours in the laboratory, yet I worried that I wasn’t making satisfactory progress. Overwork-induced exhaustion made me sloppy and impaired my productivity, creating a vicious cycle.

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doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04364-2

This is an article from the Nature Careers Community, a place for Nature readers to share their professional experiences and advice. Guest posts are encouraged .

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Research Scientist • Job Description, Salary & Benefits

The role of the research scientist is to set up and carry through experiments in order to broaden mankind’s scientific knowledge in a particular area. The range of areas in which research scientists work is huge and varied.

You could work for a number of organisations, including Universities, governments or businesses, but the options available to you would completely depend on your specialisms.

Your day to day work could entail putting together research proposals and making sure you had the funds needed to carry out the work, the actual experiments themselves, and the analysis of the data that was found in the research.

Many research scientists work in teams with a variety of support staff, and they are found in a variety of industries, from pharmaceuticals to marine exploration.

Salary & benefits

If you’re currently studying for a research PhD, you can be awarded around £14,000 per year whilst you study. Postdoctoral research fellows tend to earn between £30,000 and £35,000 a year, whilst lecturers and professors tend to earn salaries around the £60,000 mark.

If you’re working in industry, however, as a research scientist you would be looking at a salary starting around £24,000, but which could rise above £40,000 in time and with career progress.

Working hours

Hours are completely dependent on where you work, but in a University you would be expected to work 9-5 Monday to Friday, whereas within industry you could be expected to work in more of a shift pattern, which might include evenings and weekends.

Depending on your field and specialty, you might also be expected to travel nationally and internationally, for conferences or working in particular locations.

You’re going to have to do Uni for this one, there’s no other way. You’ll need at least a 2.1 in your chosen science subject to begin with, and then you’d be expected to go on towards postgraduate qualifications.

Most employers will expect you to be working towards PhD level, or have already completed it, in order to become a research scientist. It is however, possible to begin working and studying part-time within some parts of the industry.

Training & progression

Whilst your training is mostly done at Uni level, and given the research nature of the job, is often done by yourself, there are people who are there to guide you along.

You’ll need the advice of specialists in your field to keep up to date with the latest developments, and they’ll guide you through the hardest parts of your doctorate.

Your progression will very much depend on whether you choose an industrial or academic route, but there is plenty of room for development within both, whether you decide you want to be a Professor or an industry-leading scientist, and the nature of the job means you will always be in demand.

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Research scientist (life sciences)

If you have an inquisitive mind and enjoy planning and working on experiments, you could be suited to a career as a research scientist

As a researcher in life sciences, you'll mostly be involved in planning and conducting experiments and analysing results. This could either be for a definite end use, such as to develop new products, processes or commercial applications, or to broaden scientific understanding in general.

You'll usually carry out your experiments and research on your own, but you'll typically be part of a larger team and will share your findings and relevant information with colleagues. This is sometimes done at international conferences or through the publication of research papers.

You can find employment in commercial or government laboratories, hospitals and higher education institutions.

Types of work

You could specialise in a particular area of life science, such as:

• bioinformatics
• biotechnology
• microbiology
• neurosciences
• pharmacology
• plant sciences
• stem cell research.

The work is close to the medical sciences but also crosses over into other areas such as biochemistry.

Responsibilities

The nature of the work depends on your level of seniority, the specific area of life sciences you work in and whether you're in an industrial or academic setting. However, it's likely that you'll need to:

• create and conduct experiments
• process and analyse results and data
• communicate results to the scientific community via published papers
• collaborate with industry/academia to apply the results of research and develop new techniques, products or practices
• present ongoing work and findings to colleagues at academic conferences, and summarise the nature of the research, methodology and results
• carry out field work to inform research
• teach, demonstrate to or supervise students (in academia) and train and supervise other members of staff
• devise or help to draw up new research proposals and apply for funding
• work in multidisciplinary teams, in different faculties or schools in academia, and in different functions of the business in industry
• carry out peer reviews of written publications and presentations to validate theories and inform research
• keep up to date with the work of other scientists
• attend academic conferences across the world and regularly read industry journals.
• Funding for PhDs is available through various routes and one of these is a PhD studentship. As well as covering tuition fees and project/training costs, some studentships also provide maintenance grants known as a 'stipend'. UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) set a minimum amount for the stipend and for 2022/23 it is £17,668. Some institutions may pay more than this.
• Once you are working as a research scientist after completing your PhD, you could earn in the region of £25,000 to £40,000 depending on your specialist subject and experience.
• University professors or senior researchers with high levels of responsibility, such as at principal investigator level, can achieve salaries of £50,000 to £75,000.

Starting salaries are comparable between academia and industry, but private sector salaries at senior levels tend to be higher, particularly within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology areas.

Income figures are intended as a guide only.

Working hours

In academia, hours are fairly standard at approximately 37 hours per week, usually from 9am to 5pm. You may sometimes be required to stay after hours or to go in at weekends to complete experiments, but most organisations offer flexible working arrangements to accommodate this.

If you're based in industry, your hours may be slightly longer and you may have to work to fit in with shift patterns and commercial deadlines.

What to expect

• The majority of work is laboratory based, with field work required for some roles. Travel to and from clients' and colleagues' offices may also be required, particularly if projects are collaborations between industry and academia, or cross-university projects.
• Many researchers are employed on fixed-term contracts, associated with finite funding for particular projects. Most contracts last for several years. Permanent posts are highly sought after and are more common within industry than academia.
• Opportunities within life science organisations are available across the UK but some regions are particularly strong in certain fields. The largest regional concentrations of science industry employment are in the South East and East of England.
• Experimental work may involve working with hazardous and toxic materials. Experiments with animals or animal-based products may also be part of the research.
• Travel overseas, as well as in the UK, is sometimes necessary for attending conferences and seminars. Certain research areas, such as environmental science and ecology, may involve international field work.
• Many life science companies have global offices and universities across the world collaborate on research projects, so there are good opportunities for overseas employment.

Qualifications

You'll typically need a good honours degree, usually a 2:1 or above, in a related-science subject to get into life sciences research.

Any subject based in the areas of health, medicine, agriculture, horticulture or biology should be appropriate, but the following subjects are particularly useful:

• biochemistry
• biomedical science
• crop and plant science
• environmental biology
• natural sciences
• pharmacology.

Many employers also require you to have either a research-based MSc or a PhD, or to be working towards one, particularly for higher-level roles.

It may be possible to enter with just an undergraduate honours degree and to study part time for a postgraduate qualification and then progress on to a more senior role.

Entry to a technician-level job may be possible with a foundation degree or HND, but further study would be required in order to progress beyond this level.

Funding is given to research institutions via the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). This is then passed on to students in the form of scholarships, bursaries and studentships. You should contact your preferred university, research institute or industrial partner to find out more about the funding options. More information is also available at BBSRC - Investing in doctoral training .

You'll need to have:

• a methodical approach to analysing and processing data
• problem-solving skills when carrying out experiments
• good time management and organisational skills
• the ability to work independently
• strong communication skills for writing papers, reports and bids and for giving presentations
• the ability and desire to work collaboratively in multidisciplinary teams
• tenacity and patience, to see experiments through from design to completion
• networking skills, and the ability to build effective links with external organisations.

Work experience

Practical laboratory experience and knowledge of the range of techniques used will improve your chances when applying for research jobs. This experience can be achieved through a sandwich year placement in industry or vacation work.

Try to gain experience in both academia and industry as it will help to illustrate how the two environments differ and will inform your future career choice.

You should also try to keep up with developments in the area and read peer reviews. Organisations such as the BBSRC provide news and publications relevant to the field and can be a good way to stay up to date. See BBSRC News, Events and Publications for more information.

Find out more about the different kinds of work experience and internships that are available.

There are many employers across a variety of sectors within life sciences, including:

• clinical research organisations
• large pharmaceutical and cosmetics companies
• national and global health-related charities
• private hospitals and NHS trusts
• research councils and their associated institutes
• scientific and technical consultancies
• universities, including those overseas.

Job opportunities may also be available through Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTP). This is a joint project between a graduate, an organisation and a 'knowledge base', such as a university or a research organisation, which allows PhD graduates to apply research in a commercial environment.

Look for job vacancies at:

• Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTP)
• Nature Jobs
• New Scientist Jobs
• THE Uni Jobs

Specialist recruitment agencies are also widely used within the scientific community. These include:

• Cranleigh Scientific
• Hobson Prior
• Hyper Recruitment Solutions

Professional development

The scientific and research skills you'll have acquired while studying for your PhD are viewed as appropriate basic training for more senior research positions. However, increasingly PhD researchers are also expected to possess a range of additional non-technical skills such as leadership management.

It's important to keep up to date with new techniques, skills and innovations. Support for continuing professional development (CPD) via events and industry news is offered by institutions such as the BBSRC. Conferences are a good way for you to hear about scientific advances and new research methods and you'll be expected to attend them regularly. You may also need to present your own work on occasions.

Jobs in industry tend to be accompanied by structured training programmes that may include completing placements in different functions of the organisation, working with a mentor and drawing up personal development plans with line managers.

All researchers involved in laboratory work are required to participate in training on health and safety and good laboratory practice (GLP). This training may include risk assessment workshops and control of substances hazardous to health regulations (COSHH) training.

It's also possible to acquire professional membership with a relevant institution such as the Royal Society of Biology , and to work towards chartered biologist status.

Career prospects

In academia, progression is reasonably well defined, with most researchers aiming towards the level of senior research fellow or professor, leading research teams. You can achieve this through experience, successful research projects and publishing original, high-quality research.

Senior roles are accompanied by increased responsibility (i.e. securing funding) and additional teaching, supervisory and administrative duties.

In industry, you may progress towards senior scientific research or management roles, which are also accompanied by additional responsibilities, such as supervising and managing projects. Alternatively it's possible to move into another area of the organisation, such as business development, production or a regulatory role.

You're also able to move into media or communications roles. Public understanding of science is a topical growth area with many new opportunities, and jobs for journalists with a scientific background are becoming more widespread.

Another career path open to you once you have experience is consultancy. You could become involved in the technical and commercial evaluation of new ideas, products and technologies, providing scientific expertise to projects.

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Research Scientist Work-Life Balance

Getting started as a research scientist.

• What is a Research Scientist
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Do Research Scientist s Have a Good Work-Life Balance?

What exactly does work-life balance mean in 2024, reasons why work-life balance is key for research scientist s, preserving mental acuity and scientific rigor, reducing research fatigue and preventing burnout, enhancing creative problem-solving, strengthening peer collaboration and team dynamics, encouraging continuous learning and skill development, maintaining personal relationships and emotional well-being, common factors that throw off work-life balance for research scientists, grant application deadlines, publication pressure, complex experiments and data analysis, conference commitments and travel, perfectionism in scientific endeavors, blurring of boundaries in remote and field work, how to achieve a healthy work-life balance as a research scientist, set realistic research goals, establish boundaries for work time, embrace time management techniques, leverage technology for efficiency, delegate and collaborate, prioritize self-care and mental health, regularly evaluate work-life integration, seek support and build a network, work-life balance strategies for research scientists at different levels (and life stages), work-life balance strategies for entry-level research scientists, work-life balance strategies for mid-level research scientists, work-life balance strategies for senior-level research scientists.

Work-Life Balance FAQs for Research Scientist

How many hours do research scientist work on average, do research scientist typically work on weekends, is it stressful to work as a research scientist, can research scientist work from home.

Research Scientist Professional Goals

Work-Life Balance Insights for Related Roles

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• Research Scientist

How to Become a Research Scientist

• Career Types
• Work Environment
• How to become
• Skills and Traits
• Certifications/Internship
• Career Progression

Who is a Research Scientist?

Everything that you see around you has been invented or discovered by the work of some extraordinary individuals who are known as research scientists. These individuals are responsible for carrying out scientific activities and are involved in the study of the world around them. They are also dedicated to improving the quality of life on the planet by developing new scientific methods and techniques.

If you are a science enthusiast who has a passion for the subject and is interested in learning more about the world around you, then you should consider becoming a research scientist. In addition to being involved in scientific activities, research scientists also have the opportunity to earn a living. In this article, we will be discussing how to become research scientist after 12th or how to become a research scientist in India. 

Research Scientist in a Nutshell

The passion for finding answers and the excitement of working on projects are some of the factors that make a fascinating research scientist career. However, working on a project can also expose them to various challenges and failures. A research scientist's job involves a wide variety of subjects and tasks.

Quick Facts for Research Scientist

Male, Female

Research scientist jobs are suitable for individuals who are interested in becoming a part of the technology and science industry. Both men and women can pursue this research scientist career. The right attitude and skills are some of the factors that a person should consider when it comes to choosing a research scientist career in this field.

Individuals with strong analytical and critical thinking skills can become a research scientist. There are no restrictions to this type of job, and it can be done remotely. In addition, there are various fields of science that can be done without any external efforts or physical movement. This is a perfect job for people with special needs.

Table of Contents for Research Scientist

What is the role of research scientist.

A research scientist is a person who is responsible for managing various tasks and projects, such as teams, documents, and projects. Some of them are from scratch, while others require some form of intermediary involvement. As a research scientist, you will be categorised into two categories: experimental and theoretical.

An experimental research scientist is a scientist who carries out the experiments and test results of a project. On the other hand, a theoretical research scientist is a scientist who works on the concepts and equations of a project.

The duties of a research scientist include overseeing the availability of the necessary services and equipment within the company at all times. He or she is also responsible for ensuring that the organization's policies and procedures are followed. The ideal candidate for this job would have the necessary skills and knowledge to maximize the efficiency of the company's resources.

Supervision

The duties of a research scientist include ensuring that the needs of the studies and trials are met at the centre of the care delivery process. He or she is also responsible for ensuring that the environment is safe and that the equipment used for the studies is working properly.

Team management

As a research scientist, he or she is responsible for ensuring that the various tasks and projects are carried out in a way that is consistent with the goals and objectives of the project. He or she is also expected to ensure that the team members come up with the best possible approach to the project.

Leadership Skills

Research scientists are expected to provide effective leadership and promote sound scientific practices. They are also responsible for developing support mechanisms that encourage and guide innovation in the field.

Maintenance work

As a research scientist, you will be responsible for disseminating knowledge and skills to other disciplines within the company. You will also be expected to deal with government officials and other organizations in stressful situations.

Research work

In certain situations, a research scientist's job involves carrying out a local audit and conducting research to ensure that the findings are properly disseminated. This type of work is usually carried out in order to obtain approval from the ethical council.

Types of a Research Scientist

There are various types of research scientists working in different scientific fields. These associates are responsible for analysing and disseminating scientific information.

Astronomer :  Astronomers are responsible for studying stars, galaxies, and planets. They also track the non-celestial objects in outer space. This field involves working closely with other scientists to study planetary movements.

Botanist :  As a botanist, one of the main roles of this field is to study the various aspects of the plants that are commonly found in the environment. They analyse the plant's structure, development, and uses.

Geologist :  As a Geologist, one of the most important roles in this field is to study the various elements of the Earth, including its solid, liquid, and gaseous state. He or she also studies the history and evolution of the planet.

Marine Biologist:  As a marine biologist, one of the main areas of specialisation is the study of the various marine organisms that live in the environment. This field involves analysing the interactions between plants and animals. After gaining a broad understanding of oceanography and biological oceanography, marine biologists conduct close research on different aquatic species.

What is the workplace/work environment of Research Scientist like?

As a research scientist, you will be part of a team working in different areas of the research, such as medical centres and laboratories. You will be expected to keep up with the latest developments in the field and the theoretical and experimental history of the project.

Does Research Scientist require travelling?

One of the main advantages of being a research scientist is that you will be working in a single research area, and you will typically spend about 90 per cent of your time in the OR suite. In other cases, you will be expected to work in different areas of the research, such as laboratories and experimental fields.

Employment Shifts

Full time, part time.

Research scientists are typically expected to work up to 60 hours per week, and they may also be required to be present on call during certain hours of the day. In certain facilities, where there are numerous trials, research scientists may be required to work in shifts to ensure that there are trained staff members available 24 hours a day.

Employment Nature

The nature of a research scientist's work is that it is a permanent position, which means that employers can hire them on a permanent basis. Medical centres and other third-party companies often hire research scientists.

As a research scientist, you will be expected to work in different areas of research, such as medical centres and laboratories. You will be expected to keep up with the latest developments in the field and the theoretical and experimental history of the project.

Presence in Geographical Area

Semi-urban, urban.

Tier-1 cities such as New Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Kolkata are known for their healthcare facilities and are known to be great places for research workers. In Tamil Nadu, the average research scientist salary is 10.6 per cent higher than the national average. In Bangalore and Karnataka, the research scientists earn more than the national average, while in Mumbai, the lowest pay is around 11.5 per cent.

Time Pressure

As a research scientist, you will be expected to work from 9 am to 5 pm, and you may be required to perform various shifts depending on the schedule.

Overtime Details

Research scientists are expected to work overtime, and this is typically done under certain circumstances. Apart from working long hours, they are also expected to perform other tasks that involve weekends and long days.

Weekly Hours of Work

Min 45 hours.

In certain facilities, where there are numerous trials, research scientists may be required to work in shifts to ensure that there are trained staff members available 24 hours a day.

How to become a Research Scientist?

Steps to become a research scientist.

If you are someone who enjoys doing research or want to know things in-depth then a career as a Research Scientist is the most suitable career for you. If you are looking for the details of how to become a research scientist in India or how to become a research scientist after 12th then you have come to the right place. We have mentioned below the steps for how to become a Research Scientist in India. 

Identify Skills

Enrol in formal training/course, pursue a specialised certification, build an attractive resume, gain experience, find a suitable job, begin a career.

To become a Research Scientist you are required to know what skills are required for a career as a Research Scientist. We have mentioned below some of the soft skills and hard skills.

Some of the soft skills for how to become a Research Scientist in India are attention to detail, communication skills, analytical skills, time management, collaboration and creativity. 

Creativity 

Curiosity 

Communication

Productivity

Formulaic Thinking 

Apart from that, you must also have some of the hard skills that are required to become a Research Scientist in India are cell culture, biochemistry, and data analysis. 

Data Analysis

Data Collection

Research Projects

Molecular Biology

Python and Java 

Cell Culture 

Experimental Design

If you are still looking for how to become a Research Scientist in India, then the most essential step for you to take is that you must opt for a formal training programme to gain knowledge in the subject and to opt for a career as a Research Scientist. You are required to complete 10+2 in Biology , Chemistry , Physics , and Mathematics from a recognised board in India. 

After you have completed your 10+2, you must opt for a bachelor’s degree by appearing for the entrance examination and then opt for a master’s degree in MSc Clinical Research or any other related degree. Below, We have mentioned the Research Scientist entrance examination, bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Entrance Examinations

Bachelor’s Degree Programmes

Master’s Degree Programmes

If you are looking for how to become a Research Scientist in India, then you can also opt for a specialised certification. If you pursue a certification course you will gain more knowledge and skills. Below we have given some of the specialised certifications. 

Once you have completed your formal degree and certifications, you are required to create an attractive resume with all of your details such as subject knowledge and skills, your interest in the research field, and your educational background. Your resume must be in a formal and professional tone.

If you want to develop your skills and knowledge practically and gain industry experience then you must pursue an internship. Before you pursue your Ph.D. program it is better that you work for one to two years. You can upload your resume to various internship platforms, or connect directly to popular laboratories and research centers where you can work under the supervision of experienced professionals.

Once you have completed your training or internship, you can now apply for full-time job opportunities. You can apply on various job offering platforms such as Naukri, Linkedin, Monster and Indeed. Apart from that you can also approach directly to some of the laboratories or research institutes or universities. 

This is the final step in how to become a Research Scientist in India. After attending some of the related interviews you can select the best and the right offer and accept it and join the company and begin your career. 

What are the skills and qualities required to become a/an Research Scientist?

• Communication skills
• Critical thinking
• Learning Skills
• Attention to detail
• Physical strength
• Science skills

Patience:  As a research scientist, one has to remain calm and make the right decisions in order to carry out their duties. This is very important in order to maintain the continued success of the research project. The work that the associate does helps in developing new methodologies for human life.

Physical Strength: Having the proper physical strength and mental focus is very important for a research scientist to be successful in their job. Besides being physically fit, research scientist also needs to stay focused and alert during their trials, which can last for up to 8 hours.

Communication Skills:  One of the most critical skills that research scientists need to develop is communication skills. This is because, in a high-stakes environment, communicating effectively is very important.

Science Skills: People should have a deep understanding of science in order to excel in their field. This is very important for them to become a research scientist. Besides being able to excel in the field, it is also very important that they have a passion for technology.

Attention to Detail: One of the most important factors that a research scientist should consider when it comes to becoming a research scientist is the importance of paying attention to detail. This is because, in order to produce the best possible work, one must always be able to make the necessary decisions.

Critical Thinking:  As a research scientist, you must have the necessary skills to analyse and interpret data in order to make informed decisions. This discipline involves identifying the weaknesses and strengths of various solutions. Besides being able to analyse and interpret data, a research scientist also needs to have the necessary analytical skills to deal with difficult situations.

Learning Skills: In addition to being able to analyse and interpret data, a research scientist also needs to have the necessary analytical skills to deal with difficult situations. Learning skills are very important in a career as a research scientist. This discipline involves conducting various tasks such as inspecting and testing equipment.

Which certifications and internships can be helpful in becoming Research Scientist?

Individuals aspiring to become research scientist can upgrade their skills by taking various certification courses. These courses can help them perform at their best.

Internship Availability

Several organisations in the science and technology industry provide internships to students. These are designed to provide them with an opportunity to enhance their technical skills and experience, as well as learn more about becoming a research scientist. To apply, students must go through the website portals of their choice. They are also required to provide their CV and meet the requirements of the internship. Shortlisted candidates will be given various opportunities throughout the year.

Career Path Progression for Research Scientist

Junior Research Scientist:  Junior research scientists are responsible for providing technical guidance to the technicians and interns working in other fields who are under their expertise. These individuals use their knowledge in the areas they work in to improve their efficiency.

Senior Research Scientist:  A senior research scientist is a person who focuses on the principles of various engineering disciplines such as electrical, chemical, and physics. They supervise the technicians and technologists who are involved in the production or research of the project. They also prepare reports and perform other tasks to communicate engineering recommendations.

Research Scientist Jobs and Salaries

Junior research scientist.

• Average Salary 39000

Job Description

The Junior Research Scientist job description includes planning and conducting experiments, and formulating and executing investigative protocols. A Junior Research Scientist does data collection and analysis. 

Salary Description

An entry-level Junior Research Scientist salary in India ranges between Rs 2.0 Lakhs to Rs 9.8 Lakhs with an average annual salary of Rs 5.0 Lakhs per annum. Junior Research Scientist in India may vary depending on the various job factors like the skills and experience of the candidates, job location, and others.

Salary Source: AmbitionBox

Senior Research Scientist

• Average Salary 70000

The Senior Research Scientist job description includes securing the funding, publishing the findings and conducting in-house research presentations. A Senior Research Scientist promotes beneficence, minimises risks, and collects and analyses data.

The estimated Senior Research Scientist salary in India ranges from Rs 5.6 Lakhs to Rs 20.0 Lakhs with an average annual salary of Rs 10.0 Lakhs per annum. Senior Research Scientist salary may vary depending on the various job factors.

What is the job outlook for Research Scientist?

There are numerous growth opportunities in a research scientist career. You can choose to specialise in one of the areas of corporate social responsibility or develop new skills in areas such as research and development.

One of the oldest research scientist career in the industry, research scientist has plenty of scope and potential. In addition to being in the medical and biological sectors, research scientist jobs are also available in engineering technology fields. This field is heavily influenced by the discoveries made in the field of engineering, which involves the study of particulate matter.

Frequently Asked Questions for Research Scientist

Que. how to become a research scientist in biotechnology.

You must pursue a bachelor's degree by giving an entrance exam like ARS NET, JRF,  ICMR, and DBT NET and opt for a master's degree in MSc Biotechnology and must opt for an internship for atleast one to two years.  

Que. How to become a research scientist in physics?

You must pursue a bachelor's degree by giving an entrance exam like JEST, or UGC-NET and opt for a master's degree in biochemistry, biology, or pharmacology and must opt for an internship for atleast one to two years.  

Que. How to become a research scientist in biology?

You must pursue a bachelor's degree in biology by giving an entrance exam and opt for a master's degree in biochemistry, biology, or pharmacology and must opt for an internship for atleast one to two years. After that, you can opt for a PhD.

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Questions related to Research Scientist

Which is the best msc in microbiology or msc in bio physicsin terms of jobs as a research scientist after completing my bsc degree in microbiology ....

Hello Aspirant,

There are numerous opportunities ahead for graduates of M.Sc Microbiology. The scope has risen for M.Sc. microbiology graduates with the emergence of COVID. The demand for researchers has constantly increased to determine whether its existence in the human ecosystem is natural or man-made.

An M.Sc. in microbiology provides numerous opportunities in various fields such as education, healthcare, pharmaceutical, and agriculture.

Graduates can find career opportunities in both the private as well as public sectors. The agriculture sector also demands skilled professionals for microbiological research on subjects like rhizosphere, nitrogen fixation, biogas production, soil enzymes, and anaerobic decomposition.

Further, you can know more about the top colleges, salary packages, etc at https://www.careers360.com/courses/msc-in-microbiology#:~:text=Benefits%20of%20Studying%20M.Sc%20Microbiology%20A%20M.Sc.%20in,both%20the%20private%20as%20well%20as%20public%20s

MSc Biophysics: Biophysics is an advanced field of science that uses the techniques of physical science to study biological systems.

Benefits of studying biophysics:

1. Biophysicists can also work in universities, industry, medical centers, research institutes, and government.

2. Candidates can find jobs as biophysics researchers or scientists with research institutes or government organizations in various academic grades for research-oriented programs.

3. The course is beneficial for those who are curious about biological processes and enjoy puzzle solving, designing experiments, or working with numbers and computers, there are many exciting opportunities for you in biophysics.

4. They can even find a job as a professor or member of faculty in a university, medical or dental college offering a program in biophysics.

Further, You can know about this course at https://www.careers360.com/courses/bio-physics-course

In the end, what matters the most is in which area your interest lies and the amount of hard work you put into it.

Best Wishes!

I wanted to ask that do research scientist ( I mean kvpy scholar) earn good amount of money in India ?

Dear aspirant,

Department of Science and Technology, Government of India has started Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana or Young Scientist Incentive Plan for encouraging young scientists in pursuing research career courses in basis sciences upto Pre-Ph.D level.

The KVPY students receive a amout of Rs. 5000 monthly fellowship from first year of degree to final year of degree in courses like Integrated M.S or M.Sc, B.Sc or B. Statistics or B. Mathematics or B.S Maths/ Integrated M.S./M.Sc. They receive amount of Rs. 20,000 per year as annual contingency grant. After 3 years the amount is increased to Rs. 7000 and annual grant of Rs. 28,000 is given.

Candidates can also get DST Inspire Scholarship with worth of Rs. 80,000 per annum. The scholarship is given on the basis of Skill test conducted every year.

I hope this information was useful to you.

Best of Luck!!

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9 Pros and Cons of Being a Research Scientist

If you love research, then a career as a research scientist may be your dream. But remember that this job also has ups and downs. You should know both sides so you won’t be surprised when trying it.

Today, I will talk about the pros and cons of being a research scientist. So join me now to find out if this career is good for you!

Who Is a Research Scientist?

A research scientist conducts research and experiments to explore new technologies. They also work on existing theories to improve them based on their research.

There are many types of research scientists, depending on their field. For example, if your major is technology, you will analyze computer systems and software. Meanwhile, if you work in biology, you will study living organisms.

No matter which field you join, you will plan and conduct experiments. Then, you have to write reports based on what you have explored.

I’m a research scientist. Research is my passion, so I always find this job exciting. Every day brings a new challenge, keeping me engaged.

You may want to follow this career path if you have the same interest. But let me help you explore the advantages and disadvantages of being a research scientist first.

There are many benefits for research scientists. For example, when you work in this role, you can grow and have a good salary. The significance of your work is also a motivator.

1. Significant contributions

I work on research and experiments every day. In my role, every discovery can impact my company or even a big industry.

I feel proud of my job. Even after years of experience in the industry, I’m always excited when coming up with something new because I know they can help.

This sense of achievement encourages me to work harder. I want to excel in my role to help others and play a part in positive changes.

2. Job satisfaction

Another great thing about this job is independence. I can work on my own and explore my own ideas. There is no limit to my creativity.

Sometimes, I also work with experts in the field. Those brilliant minds help me a lot with my projects. We can talk for hours, exchanging our ideas and debating. Ultimately, we can solve our problems. And I have to say that it’s a really satisfying experience.

Furthermore, it’s my passion. I love discovering new things, and nothing is better than working on research.

3. High salary

As of 2023, research scientists can earn about $136,585 per year. It’s also my salary range. Thanks to the good pay, I can invest in equipment and resources for my projects. Personal experiments now are not a problem for me.

The salary for research scientists is high, and you deserve it. When working in this role, you contribute to your company’s development and society.

4. Possibility of travel

Working in the lab is sometimes boring, but don’t worry! As a research scientist, you may travel sometimes. If you have workshops or collaborative projects, you can visit different cities and countries.

So, take advantage of this chance to learn from others. It’s time to explore new places and cultures to enrich your knowledge.

5. Professional growth

You can grow in your job. Imagine every day presents a new challenge. And to cope with it, you must upgrade your skills and knowledge.

Plus, while working with other scientists, you can learn a lot from them. They may recommend innovative methods that work well on your projects.

Then, as you gain experience, you can get a leadership or mentorship role. Now, you can inspire others. Your salary will increase, too.

This job also has cons. There are four biggest problems to deal with when working as a research scientist:

6. Long and irregular work hours

Researching is interesting. However, it’s not a nine-to-five job, so you may have to work overtime to complete your projects.

The irregular work hours affect your work-life balance. You may be too into your research and ignore people around you.

Yet, you will achieve sweet rewards after hard work. Once you’ve done any project, spend some time relaxing. Then, you can get back to work with more energy.

7. High competition

Another challenge to face is the high competition for positions and funding. Let me explain each.

First, regarding positions, you have to compete with many other research scientists. Universities and companies receive many applications but only need a few experts.

Second, you must deal with funding, too. The demand for resources is high, whereas funding opportunities are pretty limited.

But trust me! These challenges are part of your work. You will feel the best once you’ve overcome them and executed your projects successfully!

8. A lot of pressure

Deadlines and funding are the two scariest words for me. I have to work tirelessly to ensure my work’s quality. Meanwhile, I must meet the standards.

So, this job can be intense. Yet, pressure motivates me to push my boundaries.

9. Requires years of industry experience

Knowledge from books and classes is not enough for you to work as a research scientist. Many job listings require years of experience.

Thus, you should start with entry-level positions first. My first job was as a research assistant. And after a few years of assisting the research process, I could perform my own one.

Should You Become a Research Scientist?

Do you love research? Is working in the lab or an isolated office okay for you? If yes, then you can consider this job.

Your ability plays a role here, too. If you want to work as a research scientist, you should be good at data analysis and pay close attention to detail.

Experience is also essential. You need a few years of experience before taking this role.

Final Thoughts

As a research scientist, you will receive good pay and improve yourself every day. However, this job is sometimes stressful. You also have to compete with others to get the job.

So what do you think? If you still want to pursue this career, keep learning and go ahead! With dedication, you can become a successful research scientist .

• How to Become a Research Scientist
• How to Become a Computer Scientist
• Data Scientist vs. Data Analyst: Which Is For You?
• 8 Pros and Cons of Being a Computer Scientist
• Computer Scientist Career Overview & Outlook
• 10 Best Computer Science Schools in the U.S.
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• A Day in the Life of a Computer Scientist
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• 11 Signs a Career in Computer Science is Right for You

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Last updated May 29, 2024

Working more than 40 hours a week: Why it can do more harm than good

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Kat Boogaard

Writer, Culture Amp

You want your team to work hard. But when it comes to work hours, more isn’t necessarily better. When employees put in too much time, it leads to feeling overworked – and research shows it’s an increasingly common phenomenon:

• 33% of workers feel continually exhausted because of work pressure
• 44% of U.S. employees say they feel overworked
• 50% of full-time employees say they’re working more than 40 hours a week

The pandemic drew more attention to flexibility and work-life balance, but ironically enough, it also skyrocketed our work hours. The average employee clocked in an extra two hours a day when they were sent home to work from their couches and kitchen tables.

And while work schedules appear to be leveling out now, the data doesn’t lie: Many employees are still feeling the strain of chronic overwork.

What’s the problem with working more than 40 hours a week?

According to the American Institute of Stress, an impressive 80% of workers say they feel stress on the job – so it’s easy to normalize stress as a predictable standard of the working world.

Sure, a little bit of stress is normal from time to time. But when workloads balloon beyond reasonability, work schedules extend out into eternity, and employees feel like they’re constantly saddled under impossible expectations, chronic overwork seems like the only way for them to keep their heads above water. That’s when these big problems start to surface.

1. Overwork increases employee burnout

Workers can only keep the pedal to the floor for so long before they burn themselves out. Research from McKinsey found that a quarter of employees are currently experiencing burnout symptoms.

Many employers don’t deal with employee burnout until it’s a rampant problem – which means work quality has already suffered, workers feel increasingly depleted, and team morale is at an all-time low.

That sense of detachment and discouragement can spread throughout the team and harm your culture, which causes even bigger problems like rampant turnover. According to MIT Sloan Management Review , a toxic culture is the top driver of employee attrition.

2. Overwork sabotages performance

You might think that longer hours mean getting more done, but the opposite is actually true. In a study conducted by Slack , employees who logged off at the end of the workday registered 20% higher productivity scores than those who felt obligated to work after hours.

And when science says that five hours is roughly the maximum amount of time someone can concentrate on work, putting in overtime isn’t serving productivity. If anything, it’s holding your team back.

Being overworked in the workplace means that less work is getting done as well as lower-quality work. In one study that looked at computer activity and typing speed, workers made the most typos in afternoons. That was especially true on Friday afternoons, proving that employees were feeling sapped of their energy and focus.

That lack of concentration and attention means more potentially costly mistakes and errors. In a separate study of medical residents , working one or more extended shifts in a month was associated with an alarming 84% increased risk of medical errors.

3. Overwork harms your employees

From reduced productivity to increased turnover, employees who are overworked at work have a meaningful impact on your organization’s performance and bottom line. However, the effects of overworking are perhaps most detrimental to your employees themselves.

A study conducted by the World Health Organization concluded that working 55 or more hours per week is associated with an estimated 35% higher risk of a stroke and a 17% higher risk of dying from ischemic heart disease compared to working 35-40 hours per week.

Overworking also prevents employees from maintaining healthy habits, such as prioritizing quality sleep , eating a balanced diet, or getting enough exercise.

Add all of that together, and it’s not just physical wellbeing and routines that suffer – employees’ mental health dips too, with 76% of employees agreeing that workplace stress affects their mental health.

What can employers do to address and minimize overwork?

Chronic overwork is detrimental to your employees, your team, and your entire organization. Fortunately, there are some steps you can take to right the ship and get your employees back to a place where their work lives feel manageable.

1. Understand the signs of overwork

Moving forward, ideally, you’ll take a more proactive approach to keep overwork at bay – rather than jumping into action when you notice it’s already crept up on your team.

However, if you’re playing a little bit of catch-up, then it’s crucial to know how to recognize the signs that employees are feeling overworked, including:

• Reduced productivity
• More errors, mistakes, or reduced quality of work
• High levels of absenteeism or lateness
• Decreased morale
• Increased irritability
• High turnover

Overwork often leads to burnout, which means the two have a lot of overlapping symptoms. So, it’s worth reading up on the signs of burnout and how to help your team .

If you’re worried about missing a waving red flag that your employees feel spread thin, make overwork a regular talking point. By consistently touching on it in your 1-on-1 meetings and including specific questions about demands and workloads in your employee surveys , you’ll get valuable data you can use to ensure people aren’t starting to feel overloaded.

2. Confirm reasonable expectations and workloads

According to research from McKinsey , “Many employers focus on individual-level interventions that remediate symptoms rather than resolve the causes of employee burnout.”

Put simply, you don’t want to put a bandaid on a bullet wound here – you need to dig deep to understand not just if employees feel overworked but why they feel that way.

In an ADP Research Institute study , employer expectations, deadlines, and workloads were the top drivers of an overwork culture. So, it’s important to look closely at your employee responsibilities to confirm that nobody is overburdened.

It’s also worth revisiting your performance management processes to ensure employees have clarity about what they need to focus on to be successful in their roles. Doing so helps them stay focused on the most important elements of their positions and prioritize accordingly among their assignments and commitments. And, of course, managers should step in and help employees reprioritize when they need additional guidance.

3. Provide relevant training to managers

When a Society of Human Resource Management study found that 84% of workers say poorly-trained managers create a lot of unnecessary work and stress, it’s impossible to overstate the importance of equipping managers with the education and resources they need to:

• Recognize the signs of overwork
• Monitor and manage workloads and priorities
• Handle difficult conversations about overwork, burnout, stress, and mental health
• Take steps to address overwork and manage burnout
• Advocate for their direct reports’ needs and wellbeing

On top of that, company leaders should also lead by example by exhibiting healthy behaviors and avoiding overworking themselves. Encourage them to be vocal and transparent about the times they need to reconfigure their own workloads, push back on unreasonable expectations, or take advantage of workplace flexibility for their personal obligations. After all, cultures are more often modeled than mandated.

What if you’re the one feeling overworked?

Just because you’re a manager doesn’t mean you’re immune to overwork yourself. In fact, according to recent research, more than half of managers admit to feeling burned out – meaning they’re experiencing it at a rate even greater than that of their direct reports.

It can be tempting to swallow your concerns while convincing yourself it’s in the best interest of your team or your organization. But the reality is that you can only spin your wheels for so long before you (and your team) are left to deal with the consequences.

So, if you’re the one feeling stretched to the max at work, here are some steps you can take to get yourself back to more reasonable expectations.

1. Have a candid conversation with your manager

Don’t suffer in silence. Approach your supervisor to let them know that you’re spread thin and need their guidance to bring some balance back to your work life. While being vulnerable can be difficult, your leader can’t help if they don’t know what’s wrong.

2. Identify your real priorities

Today’s managers are often saddled with unreasonable workloads . But ultimately, if everything is a priority, nothing is. Whether you talk with your manager, use a priorities matrix , or both, get some clarity about what you need to focus on, what can be delayed, what can be delegated, and what can fall off your priority list entirely.

Remember to revisit your team’s goals and the organization’s objectives to align your efforts with those. That will help you focus your time and attention on the most meaningful work, without feeling burdened with all of the other less consequential tasks. If you’re stuck, your supervisor should be able to help you categorize your workload accordingly.

3. Readjust your work schedule

Chronic overwork usually goes hand-in-hand with long hours. Is more than 40 hours a week overtime? Technically, yes. While overtime typically only matters for hourly (and not salaried) employees, fairly recent Department of Labor legislation does allow certain salaried workers to be eligible for overtime pay.

Paycheck aside, if you’ve been burning the midnight oil and signing on during weekends, it’s time to recalibrate. Set hard boundaries with yourself (such as signing off every night at 5 p.m.) and stick with those. Communicate those boundaries with your manager so they’re in the loop and can help keep you accountable.

Overworking and underperforming: The paradox of feeling overworked

It’s easy to think of work as a numbers game – working more hours means getting more accomplished. But plenty of research proves that longer hours have the opposite effect, leading to lower productivity, reduced accuracy, and majorly stressed out employees.

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Statistics and Actuarial Science

Information for new graduate students in actuarial science, data science and statistics at the university of iowa..

Welcome New Graduate Students!

Information for NEW graduate students in Actuarial Science, Data Science and Statistics at the University of Iowa. 

Last Updated, May 31, 2024.                                   Additional  updates will be sent this summer!

Important Information for International Students

The Office of International Students and Scholars does an incredible job helping you settle into Iowa City and the University of Iowa.  They have webinars to help with:  

1. Getting Started and Making Travel Arrangements

2. Achieving Success: On-campus Involvement and Cultural Adjustment (undergraduate students)

3. Graduate Student Professionalization and Support

4. Understanding Orientation Expectations, Responsibilities, and Placement Tests (graduate students)

5. On-campus Housing Assignments and Move-in Tips (undergraduate students)

6. Student Employment

7. Money Matters - University Billing

Do you need to take the SPEC (Spoken Proficiency of English for the Classroom)?

All students for whom English is not a first language (as self-reported on their admissions application) and who have first-time appointments as graduate teaching assistants (TAs) are required to go through a testing process to assess their effectiveness in speaking English before they are assigned assistantship responsibilities. Beginning in Fall 2024, there will be a new test to assess communication in English in a classroom context called SPEC (Spoken Proficiency of English in the Classroom).  This is replacing ESPA and ELPT.  Details will be coming soon.

Any graduate student who is included in the following categories needs to have their oral English proficiency tested by the TAPE Program:

• Students whose first language is not English (i.e., learned another language first) as self-reported on their admissions application, and
• Have been appointed as a Teaching Assistant

Exemptions (may change):

• Students with an official valid (within the last two years) iBT Listening score of 25 and an iBT Speaking score of 26.
• Undergraduate degrees and/or     
• Continuous attendance of English-language schools since the age of 12 (or younger)
• Students who served as teaching assistants at other institutions of higher learning in which the language of instruction is English, if they were listed as the instructor of record for a course or led a discussion section in English for at least one year, with a year defined as either two academic semesters or three academic quarters.
• Requests for exceptions regarding the SPEC  can be submitted for evaluation to a committee consisting of the Director of ESL Programs, the Associate Dean for Administrative Affairs in the Graduate College, and a representative from University Human Resources.

Requests for exemption and exceptions must come from the department by the deadline, not the student.   Deadlines to register students for the SPEC are:

• March 1  

NOT Exemptions:

• Students who come from a country where English is one of the official languages.
• Students who are U.S. permanent residents or U.S. citizens whose first language is not English.

Testing Procedures & Results

 To be announced soon!

Graduate/Professional International Students Important Dates

July 12, 2024:  Earliest date you may enter the U.S. in F-1 or J-1 status. August 11, 2024:  Latest date by which you should arrive in Iowa City August 12 - 16, 2024: International Student Orientation August 26, 2024:  Classes begin.

Housing Information for All Students

The department has a housing webpage, please let us know if you have any questions or concerns. If you are looking for a roommate, please let us know and we can update this web page!

Looking for housing options ?

All US citizens that are financially supported (TA, RA) need to be here on August 21.

All students will register for classes the week before classes start.  International students must complete the required Orientation Program before  they can register for classes.    

____________________

Fall Classes Advising will be August 19-23

All NEW UI students must meet with their advisor prior to registration.  There is no worry about getting into any of the classes we teach.  

• IF you are an Actuarial Science MS or PhD student you will need to meet with Professor Shyamalkumar.  Email him after August 12 at [email protected] to set a time to meet to discuss what classes to take, it may be on Zoom or in his office (233 Schaeffer Hall).
• IF you are a Data Science MS, Statistics MS, or PhD student you will need to meet with Professor Boxiang Wang.  Email him after August 12 at [email protected]  to set a time to meet to discuss what classes to take, it may be on Zoom or in his office (261 Schaeffer Hall).

New Graduate College Welcome and Orientation, August 21

The Graduate College Fall 2024 Graduate Student Orientation event will take place on Wednesday, August 21, 2024.  A registration form will be sent to your UI email sometime this early summer from the Graduate College. All new doctoral and master’s students are invited to attend.  

New Teaching Assistant Orientation, August 22- required for all new supported students

Sponsored by the Center for Teaching

This event will introduce participants to the role of teaching assistant at the University of Iowa and prepare them for the first week of classes and beyond. 

Participants will discuss evidence-based teaching strategies for lesson planning, inclusive teaching, and more with Center for Teaching staff. Participants will also choose two workshops of interest to them out of several options; these will be facilitated synchronously by experienced TAs.  This is a virtual event for 9-noon.

• Sign up before August 21!

New Student Department Orientation, August 23 at 9 a.m., Room to be determined.

• All New Student Orientation —Group Introductions and General Policy Procedures.

New Supported Graduate Assistants Orientation, August 23 at 1 p.m., Room to be determined.

• Our Director of Graduate Studies will have a department review of expectations and your specific roles in our department. Teaching and grading assignments will be explained, as well as preparation, teaching tips, problems and questions, quizzes and exams, weekly meetings, grading, appropriate office use and the Sexual Harassment Prevention Education

Mailbox in 241 Schaeffer Hall 

All graduate students will have a mailbox in our main office.  The faculty do as well.  Please check your mailbox at least once a week!

Office Desk Assignment

Nearly all supported students will have a desk in one of our offices.  The assignment priority (in this order) includes Ph.D. and Fellowship candidates, research assistants, half-time teaching assistants, quarter-time teaching assistants and lastly graders.  Having a desk is a privilege and should be used only for university business.  Office assignments will be given to students on, August 23.  Keys are checked out ONLY after that time.  Please remember to keep the rooms clean and take out all trash to the large bins in the main hallways.

Set-up your University of Iowa Email

All University of Iowa students are required to activate their assigned uiowa.edu email address, as all official communication from university offices are now sent via email, rather than hard copy. This address usually follows the pattern [email protected]   (However, often a number is also attached.) 

To activate the account:

• Log on to  MyUI
• Click on My UIowa / My Email / Request Email Account
• Complete the specified steps.

Students who prefer to maintain only their work or home email addresses can do so by routing the uiowa.edu email to a work or home account. To do so, follow these steps:

• Click on My UIowa / My Email / Update Email Routing Address

Important Notes:

• If your uiowa.edu email address is routed to a different account, you will  not  need to change your address in ICON, as your messages will already forward to your routed address.
• Log on to MYUI.
• Click on My UIowa / My Email / Email Account Filter bulk mail.
• Make sure that none of the categories are checked.

Required Graduate Assistants Teaching Courses:

• ONLINE CLASS Requirement: Sexual Harassment Prevention Edu.  Use your HawkID and password to log into Employee Self Service. Click the Personal tab, next (under Learning and Development) click on Sexual Harassment Prevention Edu., follow instructions.
• ONLINE CLASS Requirement:  Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), Use your HawkID and password to log into Employee Self Service. Click the Personal tab, next (under Learning and Development) next click on Available Online Icon Courses, next FERPA Training, then click on View Details twice and the last click will be to Enroll in this ICON Course Session.
• A six-hour orientation program will be required of all students who are certified at level A or B and are teaching for the first time.  This orientation helps new teaching assistants understand the culture of the U.S. classroom and treats topics such as student expectations, teacher-student relationships, and understanding and answering student questions. Discussion focuses on suggestions for maximizing comprehensibility in spoken English. This course meets twice for 3 hours early in the semester. Both meetings are held in the evening.

Administrative Department Staff:

Professor aixin tan (until july 1, 2024).

Director of Graduate Studies, Statistics and Data Science Graduate Advisor: [email protected]   (319) 335-0821.

Professor Boxiang Wang (beginning July 1, 2024)

Director of Graduate Studies, Statistics and Data Science Graduate Advisor: [email protected] (319) 335-2294.

Professor N.D. Shyamalkumar

Actuarial Science Graduate Advisor:  [email protected]    (319) 335-1980

Margie Ebert

Academic Services Coordinator ,  [email protected]  (319) 335-2082

Heather Roth

Administrative Services Coordinator  [email protected]   (319) 335-0712

Tammy Siegel

Department Administrator ,  [email protected] , (319) 335-0706

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