jawaharlal nehru biography in urdu

Jawahar Lal Nehru In Urdu | جواہر لعل نہرو پر مضمون

Back to: NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Urdu | Chapterwise Notes

• کتاب” اپنی زبان “برائے چھٹی جماعت
• سبق نمبر02:خط
• مصنف کانام: جواہر لعل نہرو
• سبق کا نام:ایک خط

یہ سبق ایک خط ہے جو کہ پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو نے اپنی بیٹی اندرا کے نام نینی سینٹرل جیل الہ آباد سے لکھا ہے۔وہ اپنی بیٹی کو ان کی سالگرہ پر نیک خواہشات دیتی ہیں۔ ان کا کہنا ہے کہ ان خواہشات کو تم تک پہنچانے میں جیل کی اونچی دیواریں بھی نہیں روک سکتی ہیں۔ وہ کہتے ہیں کہ مجھے نصیحت کرنے سے ہمیشہ سے نفرت ہے۔

جواہر لعل نہرونےنصحیت کرنے کے لیے کہانی کے دلچسپ اور سبق آموز واقعے کو بیان کیا کہ تیرہ سو برس قبل ایک چینی سیاح علم ودانش کی تلاش کے غرض سے ہندوستان آیا۔اس چینی سیاح کا نام “ہیون سانگ” تھا۔یہ سیاح شمال کے پہاڑ اور ریگستان طے کرتے ہوئے علم کے حصول کے لیے ہندوستان پہنچا۔

اس نے راستے میں سینکڑوں مصیبتیں اٹھائیں اور ہزاروں خطروں کا مقابلہ کیا۔اس کا زیادہ تر وقت نالندہ و دیا پیٹھ میں گزرا۔ جو شہر پاٹلی پتر کے قریب واقع تھی۔ اس شہر کو اب پٹنہ کہتے ہیں۔ ہیون سانگ پڑھ لکھ کر فاضل ہو گیا تو اسے بدھ مت کا خطاب دیا گیا۔ اس نے سارے ہندوستان کو دیکھا بھالا اور یہاں کے تجربات پر ایک سفرنامہ لکھا۔

ہیون سانگ نے اپنے سفر نامے میں ایک عجیب و غریب شخص کو بیان کیا جو صوبہ بہار ،بھاگل پور کے آس پاس رہتا تھا۔ یہ شخص اپنے پیٹ کے چاروں طرف تانبے کی تختیاں باندھے رکھتا تھا اور سر پر ایک جلتی ہوئی شمع رکھتا تھا۔ جبکہ ہاتھ میں ڈنڈا لیے اکڑ اکڑ کر چلتا تھا۔ اس عجیب و غریب حلیے کی وجہ وہ یہ بتاتا تھا کہ میرے اندر بے حساب علم ہے۔

مجھے اندیشہ ہے کہ کہیں میرا پیٹ نہ پھٹ جائے۔ اس لیے میں پیٹ پہ تانبے کی تختیاں باندھے رکھتا ہوں۔ جبکہ لوگ جہالت کے اندھیرے میں رہتے ہیں تو مجھے ان پہ ترس آتا ہے جس لیے میں سر پہ شمع لیے پھرتا ہوں۔ تو اس کہانی کے ذریعے پنڈت نہرو اپنی بیٹی کو سبق دیا کہ انسان کی عقل اس کے پیٹ میں نہیں ہوتی بلکہ جہاں بھی موجود ہو اس میں بہت کچھ سمانے کی گنجائش ہوتی ہے۔

غلط اور صحیح کے مباحثے سے کبھی کبھی کوئی سچائی نکل آتی ہے۔ اس لیے میں کوئی نصیحت نہ کرو گا بلکہ اگر کوئی بات نصحیت لگے تو اسے کڑوی گولی سمجھ کر نگلنے کی بجائے مشورہ سمجھو۔ تم بہت خوش قسمت ہو کہ ملک کی آزادی کی جدوجہد اپنی آنکھوں سے دیکھ رہی ہو۔ تمھیں تمھاری ماں سے بہتر کبھی کوئی ساتھی نہیں مل سکتا ہے۔ میری دعا ہے کہ بہادر سپاہی بنو اور اپنے ملک کی خدمت کرو۔

سوچیے اور بتایئے:

پنڈت جواہر لعل نہرو کون تھے؟.

پنڈت جواہر لعل نہرو ہندوستان کے وزیر اعظم تھے۔ اس کے علاوہ وہ کئی اہم وزارتوں پر بھی رہے۔

پنڈت نہرو نے یہ خط کس کے نام اور کہاں سے لکھا؟

پنڈت نہرو نے یہ خط اپنی بیٹی کے نام نینی سینٹرل جیل الہ آباد سے لکھا۔

جواہر لعل نہرو نے نصحیت کرنے کا کیا طریقہ اختیار کیا؟

جواہر لعل نہرونےنصحیت کرنے کے لیے کہانی کے دلچسپ اور سبق آموز واقعے کو بیان کیا۔

چینی سیاح کا کیا نام تھا؟

چینی سیاح کا نام “ہیون سانگ” تھا۔

چینی سیاح ہندوستان کیوں آیا؟

یہ چینی سیاح علم ودانش کی تلاش کے غرض سے ہندوستان آیا۔

چینی سیاح کو علم حاصل کرنے کے لیے کن حالات سے گزرنا پڑا؟

یہ سیاح شمال کے پہاڑ اور ریگستان طے کرتے ہوئے علم کے حصول کے لیے ہندوستان پہنچا۔ اس نے راستے میں سینکڑوں مصیبتیں اٹھائیں اور ہزاروں خطروں کا مقابلہ کیا۔

ہندوستان میں چینی سیاح کا زیادہ وقت کہاں گزرا؟

اس کا زیادہ تر وقت نالندہ و دیا پیٹھ میں گزرا۔ جو شہر پاٹلی پتر کے قریب واقع تھی۔ اس شہر کو اب پٹنہ کہتے ہیں۔

ہیون سانگ نے اپنے سفر نامے میں ایک شخص کو عجیب و غریب کیوں کہا ہے؟

ہیون سانگ نے اپنے سفر نامے میں ایک عجیب و غریب شخص کو بیان کیا جو صوبہ بہار ،بھاگل پور کے آس پاس رہتا تھا۔ یہ شخص اپنے پیٹ کے چاروں طرف تانبے کی تختیاں باندھے رکھتا تھا اور سر پر ایک جلتی ہوئی شمع رکھتا تھا۔ جبکہ ہاتھ میں ڈنڈا لیے اکڑ اکڑ کر چلتا تھا۔ اس عجیب و غریب حلیے کی وجہ وہ یہ بتاتا تھا کہ میرے اندر بے حساب علم ہے۔ مجھے اندیشہ ہے کہ کہیں میرا پیٹ نہ پھٹ جائے۔ اس لیے میں پیٹ پہ تانبے کی تختیاں باندھے رکھتا ہوں۔ جبکہ لوگ جہالت کے اندھیرے میں رہتے ہیں تو مجھے ان پہ ترس آتا ہے جس لیے میں سر پہ شمع لیے پھرتا ہوں۔

اس واقعے کا ذکر کرتے ہوئے پنڈت نہرو اپنی بیٹی کو کیا سبق دینا چاہتے تھے؟

اس واقعے کا ذکر کرتے ہوئے پنڈت نہرو اپنی بیٹی کو سبق دینا چاہتے ہیں کہ انسان کی عقل اس کے پیٹ میں نہیں ہوتی بلکہ جہاں بھی موجود ہو اس میں بہت کچھ سمانے کی گنجائش ہوتی ہے۔ غلط اور صحیح کے مباحثے سے کبھی کبھی کوئی سچائی نکل آتی ہے۔ اس لیے میں کوئی نصیحت نہ کرو گا بلکہ اگر کوئی بات نصحیت لگے تو اسے کڑوی گولی سمجھ کر نگلنے کی بجائے مشورہ سمجھو۔

خالی جگہوں کو صحیح لفظ سے بھریے:

• نیک خواہشات کا تعلق تو دل سے ہے۔
• چین کا ایک سیاح علم ودانش کی تلاش میں ہندوستان آیا۔
• ہیون سانگ پڑھ لکھ کر بہت قابل ہو گیا۔
• اس کو فاضل قانون (بدھ) کا خطاب دیا گیا۔
• اس کے بعد اس نے اپنا سفرنامہ لکھا۔
• یہ شخص اپنے پیٹ کے چاروں طرف تانبے کی تختیاں باندھے رہتا تھا۔
• میں ہر وقت اپنے سر پر مشعل لیے پھرتا ہوں۔
• اپنے ملک کی آزادی کی جدوجہد کو دیکھ رہی ہو۔

نیچے دیے ہوئے جملوں کو صحیح ترتیب سے لکھیے:

• میرے اندر بے حساب علم بھرا ہوا ہے۔
• میں نینی جیل سے تمھارے لیے کیا تحفہ بھیجوں۔
• اور جب میری عقل محدود ہے تو میں کیسے ایک عقل مند آدمی بن کر دوسروں کو مشورہ دوں۔
• ملک چین سے ایک سیاح علم ودانش کی تلاش میں ہندوستان آیا۔
• تم ایک دن بہادر سپاہی بنواور ہندوستان کی خدمت کرو۔
• اس کا زیادہ وقت نالندہ و دیا پیٹھ میں گزرا۔ جو شہر پاٹلی پتر کے قریب واقع تھی۔

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru | Who Was (Urdu)

Who was pundit jawaharlal nehru the man who turned india into a modern, functioning democracy: pundit nehru.

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Jawaharlal Nehru , the first Prime Minister of India, is a hated figure in Pakistan. He no doubt influenced Mountbattens to give Jinnah a 'moth-eaten Pakistan' and the anger is justified. But the man was a lot more than his enmity towards Pakistan. Here's a brief account of Nehru's political career

Naya Daur Media (NDM) is a bi-lingual progressive digital media platform aiming to inform and educate Pakistanis at home and abroad. Subscribe to our YouTube channel here Follow us on Facebook     Twitter  and  Instagram Visit  our Urdu website

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Full text of " Jawaharlal Nehru A Biography Vol. 1(1889-1947) "

See other formats.

Jawaharlal Nehru

(1889-1964)

Who Was Jawaharlal Nehru?

Nehru was born in Allahabad, India in 1889. His father was a renowned lawyer and one of Mahatma Gandhi's notable lieutenants. A series of English governesses and tutors educated Nehru at home until he was 16. He continued his education in England, first at the Harrow School and then at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honors degree in natural science. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London before returning home to India in 1912 and practicing law for several years. Four years later, Nehru married Kamala Kaul; their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born in 1917. Like her father, Indira would later serve as prime minister of India under her married name: Indira Gandhi . A family of high achievers, one of Nehru's sisters, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, later became the first woman president of the UN General Assembly.

Entering Politics

In 1919, while traveling on a train, Nehru overheard British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer gloating over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The massacre, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar, was an incident in which 379 people were killed and at least 1,200 wounded when the British military stationed there continuously fired for ten minutes on a crowd of unarmed Indians. Upon hearing Dyer’s words, Nehru vowed to fight the British. The incident changed the course of his life.

This period in Indian history was marked by a wave of nationalist activity and governmental repression. Nehru joined the Indian National Congress, one of India's two major political parties. Nehru was deeply influenced by the party's leader, Gandhi. It was Gandhi's insistence on action to bring about change and greater autonomy from the British that sparked Nehru's interest the most.

The British didn't give in easily to Indian demands for freedom, and in late 1921, the Congress Party's central leaders and workers were banned from operating in some provinces. Nehru went to prison for the first time as the ban took effect; over the next 24 years, he was to serve a total of nine sentences, adding up to more than nine years in jail. Always leaning to the left politically, Nehru studied Marxism while imprisoned. Though he found himself interested in the philosophy but repelled by some of its methods, from then on the backdrop of Nehru's economic thinking was Marxist, adjusted as necessary to Indian conditions.

Marching Toward Indian Independence

In 1928, after years of struggle on behalf of Indian emancipation, Nehru was named president of the Indian National Congress. (In fact, hoping that Nehru would attract India's youth to the party, Gandhi had engineered Nehru's rise.) The next year, Nehru led the historic session at Lahore that proclaimed complete independence as India's political goal. November 1930 saw the start of the Round Table Conferences, which convened in London and hosted British and Indian officials working toward a plan of eventual independence.

After his father's death in 1931, Nehru became more embedded in the workings of the Congress Party and became closer to Gandhi, attending the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin pact. Signed in March 1931 by Gandhi and the British viceroy Lord Irwin, the pact declared a truce between the British and India's independence movement. The British agreed to free all political prisoners and Gandhi agreed to end the civil disobedience movement he had been coordinating for years.

Unfortunately, the pact did not instantly usher in a peaceful climate in British-controlled India, and both Nehru and Gandhi were jailed in early 1932 on charges of attempting to mount another civil disobedience movement. Neither man attended the third Round Table Conference. (Gandhi was jailed soon after his return as the sole Indian representative attending the second Round Table Conference.) The third and final conference did, however, result in the Government of India Act of 1935, giving the Indian provinces a system of autonomous government in which elections would be held to name provincial leaders. By the time the 1935 act was signed into law, Indians began to see Nehru as the natural heir to Gandhi, who didn’t designate Nehru as his political successor until the early 1940s. Gandhi said in January 1941, "[Jawaharlal Nehru and I] had differences from the time we became co-workers and yet I have said for some years and say so now that ... Jawaharlal will be my successor."

World War II

At the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, British viceroy Lord Linlithgow committed India to the war effort without consulting the now-autonomous provincial ministries. In response, the Congress Party withdrew its representatives from the provinces and Gandhi staged a limited civil disobedience movement in which he and Nehru were jailed yet again.

Nehru spent a little over a year in jail and was released with other Congress prisoners three days before Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese. When Japanese troops soon moved near the borders of India in the spring of 1942, the British government decided to enlist India to combat this new threat, but Gandhi, who still essentially had the reins of the movement, would accept nothing less than independence and called on the British to leave India. Nehru reluctantly joined Gandhi in his hardline stance and the pair were again arrested and jailed, this time for nearly three years.

By 1947, within two years of Nehru's release, simmering animosity had reached a fever pitch between the Congress Party and the Muslim League, who had always wanted more power in a free India. The last British viceroy, Louis Mountbatten, was charged with finalizing the British roadmap for withdrawal with a plan for a unified India. Despite his reservations, Nehru acquiesced to Mountbatten and the Muslim League's plan to divide India, and in August 1947, Pakistan was created—the new country Muslim and India predominantly Hindu. The British withdrew and Nehru became independent India’s first prime minister.

The First Prime Minister of Independent India

Domestic policy.

The importance of Nehru in the context of Indian history can be distilled to the following points: he imparted modern values and thought, stressed secularism, insisted upon the basic unity of India, and, in the face of ethnic and religious diversity, carried India into the modern age of scientific innovation and technological progress. He also prompted social concern for the marginalized and poor and respect for democratic values.

Nehru was especially proud to reform the antiquated Hindu civil code. Finally, Hindu widows could enjoy equality with men in matters of inheritance and property. Nehru also changed Hindu law to criminalize caste discrimination.

Nehru's administration established many Indian institutions of higher learning, including the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the Indian Institutes of Technology, and the National Institutes of Technology, and guaranteed in his five-year plans free and compulsory primary education to all of India's children.

National Security and International Policy

The Kashmir region—which was claimed by both India and Pakistan—was a perennial problem throughout Nehru's leadership, and his cautious efforts to settle the dispute ultimately failed, resulting in Pakistan making an unsuccessful attempt to seize Kashmir by force in 1948. The region has remained in dispute into the 21st century.

Internationally, starting in the late 1940s, both the United States and the U.S.S.R. began seeking out India as an ally in the Cold War, but Nehru led efforts toward a "nonalignment policy," by which India and other nations wouldn’t feel the need to tie themselves to either dueling country to thrive. To this end, Nehru co-founded the Non-Aligned Movement of nations professing neutrality.

Recognizing the People's Republic of China soon after its founding, and as a strong supporter of the United Nations, Nehru argued for China’s inclusion in the UN and sought to establish warm and friendly relations with the neighboring country. His pacifist and inclusive policies with respect to China came undone when border disputes led to the Sino-Indian war in 1962, which ended when China declared a ceasefire on November 20, 1962, and announced its withdrawal from the disputed area in the Himalayas.

Nehru's four pillars of domestic policies were democracy, socialism, unity, and secularism, and he largely succeeded in maintaining a strong foundation of all four during his tenure as president. While serving his country, he enjoyed iconic status and was widely admired internationally for his idealism and statesmanship. His birthday, November 14, is celebrated in India as Baal Divas ("Children's Day") in recognition of his lifelong passion and work on behalf of children and young people.

Nehru's only child, Indira, served as India's prime minister from 1966 to 1977 and from 1980 to 1984 when she was assassinated. Her son, Rajiv Gandhi, was prime minister from 1984 to 1989, when he was also assassinated.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Jawaharlal Nehru
• Birth Year: 1889
• Birth date: November 14, 1889
• Birth City: Allahabad
• Birth Country: India
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi’s father, was a leader of India’s nationalist movement and became India’s first prime minister after its independence.
• Civil Rights
• World Politics
• War and Militaries
• Astrological Sign: Scorpio
• Trinity College
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1964
• Death date: May 27, 1964
• Death City: New Delhi
• Death Country: India

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CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Jawaharlal Nehru Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jawaharlal-nehru
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

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• Jawaharlal Nehru Biography

Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Biography - A journey of Struggle, Sacrifice and Victory

Jawahar Lal Nehru was an Indian independence fighter and the first prime minister of India. He was considered as a central warrior in Indian Politics before independence as well as after independence. He was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad and served the nation from 1947 until his death in 1964. The birthplace of Jawahar Lal Nehru is Prayagraj which is in Allahabad. Due to his association with the Kashmiri Pandit community, he was also known as Pandit Nehru, while the Indian kids referred to them as Chacha Nehru. Jawahar Lal Nehru’s birthday is widely celebrated as Children’s day. His father’s name is Motilal Nehru who served as Indian Prime minister in 1919 and 1928. His mother’s name is Swarup Rani Thussu and she was the second wife of Motilal. Jawahar Lal Nehru had 2 sisters and he was the eldest among all. Vijay Laxmi was the eldest sister who later became the President of the United Nations General Assembly. And the youngest sister Krishna Hutheesing was a noted writer and authored several books on her brother. Jawahar Lal Nehru was married to Kamala Nehru who was born in 1899.

Childhood and Early Age:

He grew up in a privileged atmosphere in a rich home. His father trained him by private governesses and tutors. Nehru became interested in science and theosophy under the influence of Ferdinand T. Brooks' tutelage. At the age of thirteen, family friend Annie Besant subsequently introduced him to the Theosophical Society. For nearly three years Brooks was with me and in some ways, he influenced me greatly.

Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Education:

In October 1907, Nehru visited Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated with an honours degree in science in 1910. He also studied politics, economics, history, and literature with little interest during this time. Most of his political and financial philosophy was molded by the writings of Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, John Maynard Keynes, Bertrand Russell, Lowes Dickinson, and Meredith Townsend.

After completing his degree in 1910, Nehru moved to London and studied law at the Inner Temple Inn. During this period, including Beatrice Webb, he continued researching the Fabian Society scholars. He was called to the Bar in 1912.

Early Struggle for Independence (1912 - 1938)

During his time in Britain as a student and a barrister, Nehru developed an interest in Indian politics. Nehru attended an annual session of the Indian National Congress in Patna within months of his return to India in 1912. In 1912, Congress was the party of progressives and elites, and he was disconcerted by what he saw as "very much an English-knowing upper-class affair." Nehru had reservations about Congress' efficacy but decided to work for the party to support the Indian civil rights movement led in South Africa by Mahatma Gandhi, raising funds for the movement in 1913. Later, in the British colonies, he protested against indentured labour and other such injustice faced by Indians.

Non-Cooperation Movement:

Nehru's first significant national participation came at the beginning of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. Nehru was arrested in 1921 on charges of anti-government activities Nehru remained loyal to Gandhi in the rift that developed within the Congress following the sudden closure of the Non-Cooperation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident and did not join the Swaraj Party formed by his father Motilal Nehru and CR Das.

Salt Satyagraha Success:

The Salt Satyagraha succeeded in attracting the world's attention. Increasingly, Indian, British, and world views started to accept the validity of the Congress party's independence claims. Nehru found the high-water mark of his involvement with Gandhi to be the salt satyagraha and thought that its enduring significance was in transforming Indian attitudes.

Jawahar Lal Nehru The First Prime Minister of India:

Nehru served for 18 years as prime minister, first as temporary prime minister, and then as prime minister of the Republic of India from 1950.

In the 1946 elections Congress captured a majority of seats in the assembly and, with Nehru as the prime minister, led the provisional government. On 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Free India. On 15 August, he took office because the Prime Minister of India and gave his inaugural entitled "Tryst with Destiny".

Hindu Marriage Law and Role of Jawahar Lal Nehru:

Several laws passed such as the Hindu Code law in the 1950s that sought to codify and amend Hindu personal law in India. After India's independence in 1947, this codification and change, a process initiated by the British Raj, was completed by the Indian National Congress government headed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The object of the Hindu Code Bill was to provide a civil code instead of a body of personal Hindu law, which had been amended only to a limited extent by the British authorities. On 9 April 1948, the bill was submitted to the Constituent Assembly, but it created a lot of uproars and was subsequently broken down to three more specialized bills that came before the 1952-7 term of the Lok Sabha. The Hindu Marriage Bill abolished polygamy and included restrictions on inter-caste marriages and divorce procedures; the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Bill had the adoption of girls as its main thrust, which had been little practiced until then; the Hindu Succession Bill put daughters on the same footing as widows and sons when it came to family property inheritance.

1952 Elections and Jawahar Lal Nehru:

Following the constitution's ratification on 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly, before new elections, proceeded to serve as the provisional parliament. The interim cabinet of Nehru was composed of 15 representatives from different communities and parties. Different cabinet members resigned from their positions and formed their parties to contest the elections. Nehru was also elected the president of Congress for 1951 and 1952 while being the PM. In the election, the Congress party under the leadership of Nehru won significant majorities at both state and national level, despite a large number of parties competing.

Death of Jawahar Lal Nehru:

After 1962, Nehru's health started to decline slowly, and he spent months recovering in Kashmir until 1963. He felt very relaxed after his return from Dehradun on 26 May 1964 and went to bed, as usual, he had a restful night after he returned from the bathroom, Nehru complained of back pain. He talked to the doctors who were attending him for a short time, and Nehru collapsed almost instantly. Before he died, he remained unconscious. His death was registered to Lok Sabha on 27 May 1964 (the same day) the cause of death is suspected to be a heart attack. The body of Jawaharlal Nehru was put for public viewing on the Indian national Tri-colour flag. Nehru was cremated on 28 May at Shantivan on the banks of the Yamuna by Hindu rituals, witnessed by 1.5 million mourners flocking to the streets of Delhi and the cremation grounds.

FAQs on Jawaharlal Nehru Biography

Q1. Why do we Celebrate Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Birthday as a Children’s Day?

Ans. Every year, 14th November is celebrated as children’s day. Jawahar Lal Nehru also remembered as Chacha Nehru was the first-ever Prime Minister of India. Children’s day is celebrated for the awareness of child rights, child care, and education for all children. According to him, children were the real assets and strength of society. Cultural activities for children are held across the world on this day, in different schools, colleges, and other educational institutions. There are some programs and events, which also see the involvement of students. Kids also dress up as Jawaharlal Nehru with a red rose pinned to their 'Nehru' jacket collar.

Q2. What was Nehru’s Contribution Towards India?

Ans. After achieving independence, Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first Prime Minister. He was previously one of the influential leaders of the Indian National Congress, having pulled the intellectuals and youth of the country into the movement's mainstream. His descendants were also influential Indian politicians, including Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, and Rahul Gandhi. Nehru played a leading role in the growth of the Indian independence struggle's internationalist perspective. He found foreign allies for India and forged relations with independence and democracy movements around the world. He brought moderate socialist economic reforms into practice and dedicated India to an industrialization policy. Also, Nehru acted as India's foreign minister.

Q3. Explain the Education History of Jawahar Lal Nehru?

Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru had a Western childhood, in large part. He was homeschooled in India as a child, often by a series of governesses and tutors in English. In October 1907, Nehru went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated in 1910 with an honors degree in natural science. He started his education in England, in London at Harrow School, and in Cambridge at Trinity College. He also studied politics, economics, history, and literature with little interest during this time. He spent seven years in England, but he was very confused and still felt neither in England nor in India that he was in a half-home. "I have become a queer mixture of East and West, out of place everywhere, at home now where" I have become a queer East-West combination, out of place anywhere, at home now, where.

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Books Written by Jawahar Lal Nehru

Browse this curated collection of eBooks written by Jawaharlal Nehru and discover the next best read. You can find out famous eBooks to read written by Jawaharlal Nehru on this page, selected by Rekhta for Urdu EBook readers. Rekhta EBooks site has the best eBooks written by Jawaharlal Nehru.

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Azadi Ke Satrah Qadam

Baap Ke Khat Beti Ke Naam

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Difa Ke Liye Tameer-o-Taraqqi

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The Discovery Of India

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Jawaharlal Nehru Biography: Early Life, Family, Education and Political Journey

Jawaharlal nehru's birthday is celebrated as children's day in india. he was born on 14 november 1889 in allahabad, uttar pradesh. he was the first prime minister of independent india and a leader of india's nationalist movement. here, we are providing a short biography on jawaharlal nehru depicting his early life, family, education, political journey, and works.    .

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was a leading figure in the Indian Independence struggle. He was the first Prime Minister of Independent India. He had initiated socio-economic policies of the idealistic socialist kind. He was a prolific writer and authored books such as 'The Discovery of India' and 'Glimpses of the World History'.

Jawaharlal Nehru was the father of Indira Gandhi, the first woman Prime Minister of India. He established a parliamentary government and is known for his nonaligned or neutralist policies in foreign affairs. He participated in India's Independence movement and was a principle leader in the 1930s and 40s.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Quick Facts

Born on: 14 November, 1889

Place of Birth: Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Father's Name: Motilal Nehru

Mother's Name: Swarup Rani Nehru

Spouse: Kamala Nehru

Children: Indira Gandhi

Education: Harrow School, London; Trinity College, Cambridge; Inns of Court School of Law, London

Occupation: Barrister, Writer, and Politician

Political party: Indian National Congress

Political Ideology: Nationalism, Socialism, Democracy

Award: Bharat Ratna

Publications/Works: The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru's Autobiography, Letters from a Father to his Daughter, etc.

Died: 27 May 1964

Place of Death: New Delhi

Cause of Death: Heart attack

Memorial: Shantivan, New Delhi

Jawaharlal Nehru: Early Life, Family, and Education

Jawaharlal Nehru was born in a Kashmiri Brahman family. His father Motilal Nehru was a renowned lawyer and leader of the Indian independence movement. He was also one of the prominent associates of Mahatma Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru was the eldest son of Motilal Nehru out of four children and two of whom were girls. He completed his early education until the age of 14 at home under private tutors. At the age of fifteen, he went to England at Harrow school. After two years, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, and earned an honours degree in natural sciences. At the Inner Temple, London, he had completed his studies for a barrister.

He spent seven years in England but was very confused and always felt that he is in a half home neither in England nor in India. And so, he had written, "I have become a queer mixture of East and West, out of place everywhere, at home now where". He came back to India in around 1912. He had an interest in the struggle of all nations who suffered under foreign domination. In 1916, he married Kamala Kaul and settled in Delhi. In 1917, Indira Priyadarshini (Indira Gandhi) was born.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Political Journey

- He attended the Bankipore Congress as a delegate in 1912.

- In 1919, he became the Secretary of the Home Rule League, Allahabad.

- In 1916, the first time he met with Mahatma Gandhi , and was immensely inspired by him.

- In 1920, he organised the first Kisan March in the Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh.

- Due to the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), he was imprisoned twice.

- In September 1923, he became the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee.

- In 1926, he toured Italy, Switzerland, England, Belgium, Germany, and Russia.

- As an official delegate of the Indian National Congress, he had attended the Congress of oppressed Nationalities in Brussels in Belgium.

- In 1927, he attended the tenth-anniversary celebrations of the October Socialist Revolution in Moscow.

- During the Simon Commission in 1928, he was lathi-charged in Lucknow.

- He attended the All-Party Congress on 29 August 1928 and was one of the signatories to the Nehru Report on Indian Constitutional Reform that was named after his father Shri Motilal Nehru.

- In 1928, he founded the 'Independence for India League' and became its General Secretary.

- He was elected the President of the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929. In this session only, the complete goal for the independence of the country was adopted.

- During 1930-35, he was imprisoned several times, due to the connection with Salt Satyagraha and other movements launched by the Congress.

- On 14 February 1935, he had completed his 'Autobiography' in Almora Jail.

- After releasing from jail, he went to Switzerland to see his ailing wife.

- He was again arrested for offering an individual Satyagraha on 31 October, 1940 to protest against India's forced participation in the war.

- In December 1941, he was released from jail.

- At the 'All India Congress Committee' session in Bombay on 7 August, 1942, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru moved the 'Quit India' resolution.

- He was arrested with other leaders on 8 August, 1942 and taken to Ahmednagar Fort. This was the longest and his last detention.

- He was released from Jail in January 1945 and organised a legal defence for officers and men of the INA charged with treason.

- In July, 1946, for the fourth time, he was elected as the President of the Congress and again for three more terms from 1951 to 1954.

In this way, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India. He was the first Prime Minister to hoist the national flag and make his iconic speech "Tryst with Destiny" from the ramparts of the Lal Quilla (Red Fort).

Major works of Jawaharlal Nehru after becoming the Prime Minister of India

- He imparted modern values and thought.

- He insisted on the secular and liberalist approach.

- He focused on the basic unity of India.

- He advocated democratic socialism and encouraged India's industrialisation by implementing the first five-year plans in 1951.

- Promoted scientific and technological advancements by establishing higher learning.

- Also, instituted various social reforms like free public education, free meals for Indian children, legal rights for women including the ability to inherit property, divorce their husbands, laws to prohibit discrimination based on caste, etc.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Legacy

He believed in pluralism, socialism, liberalism, and democracy. He had an immense love for children and so, his birthday is celebrated as Children's Day in India. He supported and generated a way for India's education by envisioning the top tier institutions of India including the Indian Institute of Technology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and India's first Space Program, etc.

Jawaharlal Nehru: Death

On 27 May 1964, he died due to a heart attack. He was cremated at the Shantivan on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi.

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