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15 Challenging Geometry Problems and Their Step-by-Step Solutions

  • Author: Noreen Niazi
  • Last Updated on: August 22, 2023

geometry problem solving questions

Introduction to Geometry Problems

The area of mathematics known as geometry is concerned with the study of the positions, dimensions, and shapes of objects.Geometry has applications in various fields, such as engineering, architecture, and physics. Geometry problems are among the most challenging and exciting problems in mathematics. Understanding and mastering geometry problems is essential for anyone who wants to pursue a career in any field requiring a good understanding of geometry.

Importance of Practicing Geometry Problems

Practicing geometry problems is essential for anyone who wants to master geometry. Geometry problems require a good understanding of the concepts, formulas, and theorems. By practicing geometry problems, you will develop a deep understanding of the concepts and the formulas.

geometry problem solving questions

You will also be able to identify the issues and the strategies to solve them. Practicing geometry problems will also help you to improve your problem-solving skills, which will be helpful in other areas of your life.

Types of Geometry Problems

There are several types of geometry problems. Some of the common types of geometry problems include:

  • Congruence problems: These problems involve proving that two or more shapes are congruent.
  • Similarity problems: These problems involve proving that two or more shapes are similar.
  • Area and perimeter problems: These problems involve finding the area and perimeter of various shapes.
  • Volume and surface area problems: These problems involve finding the volume and surface area of various shapes.
  • Coordinate geometry problems: These problems involve finding the coordinates of various points on a graph.

Strategies for Solving Geometry Problems

To solve geometry problems, you must understand the concepts, formulas, and theorems well. You also need to have a systematic approach to solving problems. Some of the strategies for solving geometry problems include:

  • Read the problem carefully: You must read the situation carefully and understand what is required.
  • Draw a diagram: You need to draw a diagram representing the problem. This will help you to visualize the problem and identify the relationships between the shapes.
  • Identify the type of problem: You need to identify the problem type and the applicable formulas and theorems.
  • Solve the problem step by step: You need to solve the problem step by step, showing all your work.
  • Check your answer: You must check it to ensure it is correct.

Common Geometry Formulas and Theorems

To solve geometry problems, you must understand the standard formulas and theorems well. Some of the common procedures and theorems include:

geometry problem solving questions

  • Area of a square: side × side.
  • Pythagoras theorem: a² + b² = c², where a and b are the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, and c is the hypotenuse length.
  • Area of a rectangle: length × breadth.
  • Circumference of a circle : 2 × π × radius.
  • Area of a triangle : ½ × base × height.
  • Congruent triangles theorem: Triangles are congruent if they have the same shape and size.
  • Area of a circle: π × radius².
  • Similar triangles theorem: Triangles are similar if they have the same shape but different sizes.

Problem 1: Lets the length of three sides of triangle be 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm. Calculate the area of a right-angled triangle.

geometry problem solving questions

Using the Pythagoras theorem:

$$a² + b² = c²$$

where a = 3 cm, b = 4 cm, and c = 5 cm.

$$3² + 4² = 5²$$

$$9 + 16 = 25$$

Therefore, $$c² = 25$$, and $$c = √25 = 5 cm$$.

  • The area of the triangle = $$½ × \text{base} × \text{height}$$ 

$$= ½ × 3 cm × 4 cm $$

$$= 6 cm².$$

Problem 2:If the length of each side of an equilateral triangle is 10 cm then calculate its perimeter.

As the perimeter of an equilateral triangle = $$3 × side length.$$

  • Therefore, the perimeter of the triangle $$= 3 × 10 cm = 30 cm.$$

Problem 3: If cylinder has 4cm radius and 10 cm height then what is the volume of a cylinder.

geometry problem solving questions

The volume of a cylinder = $$π × radius² × height.$$

  • Therefore, the volume of the cylinder $$= π × 4² × 10 cm = 160π cm³$$.

Problem 4: If radius of a circle is given by 5cm and central angle 60° then what is the area of sector of a circle.

The area of a sector of a circle $$= (central angle ÷ 360°) × π × radius².$$

  • Therefore, the area of the sector $$= (60° ÷ 360°) × π × 5² c = 4.36 cm².$$

Problem 5: Find the hypotenuse of right-angled triangle, if its other two sides are of 8 cm and 15 cm.

Using the Pythagoras theorem :

geometry problem solving questions

Where a = 8 cm, b = 15 cm , and c is the hypotenuse length.

$$8² + 15² = c²$$

$$64 + 225 = c²$$

  • Therefore, $$c² = 289,$$ and $$c = √289 = 17 cm.$$

Problem 6: If two parallel sides of trapezium are of length 5 cm and 10 cm and height 8 cm. Calculate the area of a trapezium.

The area of a trapezium = $$½ × (sum of parallel sides) × height.$$

  • Therefore, the area of the trapezium $$= ½ × (5 cm + 10 cm) × 8 cm = 60 cm².$$

Problem 7: Radius and height of cone is given by 6cm and 12 cm respectively. Calculate its volume.

The volume of a cone $$= ⅓ × π × radius² × height.$$

  • Therefore, the volume of the cone $$= ⅓ × π × 6² × 12 cm³ = 452.39 cm³.$$

Problem 8:What is the length of side of square if its area is 64 cm².

The area of a square $$= side × side.$$

  • Therefore, $$side = √64 cm = 8 cm.$$

Problem 9: If length rectangle is 10cm and breadth is 6cm. Calculate its diagonal.

Where $$a = 10 cm$$, $$b = 6 cm$$, and c is the diagonal length.

$$10² + 6² = c²$$

$$100 + 36 = c²$$

  • Therefore, $$c² = 136,$$ and $$c = √136 cm = 11.66 cm.$$

Problem 10: If one side of regular hexagon is of 8cm then what is the area of a regular hexagon.

The area of a regular hexagon $$= 6 × (side length)² × (√3 ÷ 4).$$

geometry problem solving questions

  • Therefore, the area of the hexagon $$= 6 × 8² × (√3 ÷ 4) cm² = 96√3 cm².$$

Problem 11: If radius of sphere is 7 cm, then what is its volume.

The volume of a sphere = $$⅔ × π × radius³.$$

  • Therefore, the volume of the sphere $$= ⅔ × π × 7³ cm³ = 1436.76 cm³.$$

Problem 12: Find the hypotenuse length of a right-angled triangle with sides of 6 cm and 8 cm.

Where a = 6 cm, b = 8 cm, and c is the hypotenuse length.

$$6² + 8² = c²$$

$$36 + 64 = c²$$

Therefore, $$c² = 100,$$ and $$c = √100 cm = 10 cm.$$

Problem 13: Find the area of a rhombus with 12 cm and 16 cm diagonals.

geometry problem solving questions

The area of a rhombus = (diagonal 1 × diagonal 2) ÷ 2.

  • Therefore, the area of the rhombus = (12 cm × 16 cm) ÷ 2 = 96 cm².

Problem 14: If radius and central angle of circle is 4cm and 45° respectively then what is the length oof arc of circle.

The length of the arc of a circle = (central angle ÷ 360°) × 2 × π × radius.

  • Therefore, the length of the arc = (45° ÷ 360°) × 2 × π × 4 cm

Problem 15: Find the length of the side of a regular octagon with the radius of the inscribed circle measuring 4 cm.

The length of the side of a regular octagon = (radius of the inscribed circle) × √2.

Therefore, the length of the side of the octagon = 4 cm × √2 

Online Resources for Geometry Practice Problems

There are several online resources that you can use to practice geometry problems. Some of the popular online resources include:

  • Khan Academy : On the free online learning platform Khan Academy, you may find practise questions and video lectures on a variety of subjects, including geometry.
  • Mathway : Mathway is an online tool that can solve various math problems, including geometry problems.
  • IXL :IXL is a website that provides practise questions and tests on a variety of subjects, including geometry.

Q: What is geometry?

A: Geometry is the branch of mathematics that studies objects’ shapes, sizes, and positions.

Q: Why is practicing geometry problems significant?

A: Practicing geometry problems is essential for anyone who wants to master geometry. Geometry problems require a good understanding of the concepts, formulas, and theorems. By practicing geometry problems, you will develop a deep understanding of the concepts and the formulas.

Q: What are some standard geometry formulas and theorems?

A: Some of the standard geometry formulas and theorems include the Pythagoras theorem, area of a triangle, area of a square, area of a rectangle, area of a circle, circumference of a circle, congruent triangles theorem, and similar triangles theorem.

Geometry problems are among the most challenging and exciting problems in mathematics. Understanding and mastering geometry problems is essential for anyone who wants to pursue a career in any field requiring a good understanding of geometry. By practicing geometry problems and using the strategies and formulas discussed in this article, you can master geometry and improve your problem-solving skills.

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Geometry Questions

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Geometry questions, with answers, are provided for students to help them understand the topic more easily. Geometry is a chapter that has been included in almost all classes. The questions will be provided in accordance with NCERT guidelines. The use of geometry can be seen in both mathematics and everyday life. Thus, the fundamentals of this topic must be understood. The questions here will cover both the fundamentals and more difficult problems for students of all levels. As a result, students will be skilled in using it to solve geometry problems. Click here to learn more about Geometry.

Geometry is a discipline of mathematics dealing with the study of various forms of shapes and sizes of real-world objects. We study different angles, transformations, and similarities of figures in geometry. The fundamentals of geometry are based on the concepts of point, line, angle, and plane. These fundamental geometrical concepts govern all geometrical shapes.

Here, we are going to discuss different geometry questions, based on different concepts with solutions.

Geometry Questions with Solutions

1. The lines that are equidistant from each other and never meet are called ____.

Parallel lines are the lines that are equidistant from each other and never meet. The parallel lines are represented with a pair of vertical lines and its symbol is “||”. If AB and CD are the two parallel lines, it is denoted as AB || CD.

2. If two or more points lie on the same line, they are called _____.

If two or more points lie on the same line, they are called collinear points. If points A, B and C lie on the same line “l”, then we can say that the points are collinear.

: An angle is defined as the shape created by two rays intersecting at a common endpoint. The symbol is used to symbolise an angle is “∠” and it is measured in degrees (°).

Angles can be categorized based on their measurements. They are:

Acute Angle: Angle < 90°

Right Angle: Angle = 90°

Obtuse Angle: Angle > 90°

Straight Angle: Angle = 180°

Reflex Angle: Angle > 180° and < 360°

Complete Angle: Angle = 360°

3. Find the number of angles in the following figure.

Geometry Questions - 3

In the given figure, there are three individual angles, (i.e.) 30°, 20° and 40°.

Two angles in a pair of 2. (i.e.) 20° + 30° = 50° and 20 + 40 = 60°

One angle in a pair of 3 (i.e) 20° + 30° + 40° = 90°

Hence, the total number of possible angles in the given figure is 6 .

4. In the given figure, ∠BAC = 90°, and AD is perpendicular to BC. Find the number of right triangles in the given figure.

Geometry Questions - 4

Given: ∠BAC = 90° and AD⊥BC.

Since AD⊥BC, the two possible right triangles obtained are ∠ADB and ∠ADC.

Hence, the number of right triangles in the given figure is 3.

I.e., ∠BAC = ∠ADB = ∠ADC = 90°.

A two-dimensional shape can be characterised as a flat planar figure or a shape that has two dimensions — length and width. There is no thickness to two-dimensional shapes. Circles, triangles, squares, rectangles, and other 2D shapes are examples.

The region enclosed by the figure is the area of a 2D shape.

The perimeter of a two-dimensional shape is equal to the sum of the lengths of all its sides.

: .

5. The length of a rectangle is 3 more inches than its breadth. The area of the rectangle is 40 in 2 . What is the perimeter of the rectangle?

Given: Area = 40 in 2 .

Let “l” be the length and “b” be the breadth of the rectangle.

According to the given question,

b = b and l = 3+b

We know that the area of a rectangle is lb units.

So, 40 = (3+b)b

40 = 3b +b 2

This can be written as b 2 +3b-40 = 0

On factoring the above equation, we get b= 5 and b= -8.

Since the value of length cannot be negative, we have b = 5 inches.

Substitute b = 5 in l = 3 + b, we get

l = 3 + 5 = 8 inches.

As we know, the perimeter of a rectangle is 2(l+b) units

P = 2 ( 8 + 5)

P = 2 (13) = 26

Hence, the perimeter of a rectangle is 26 inches.

6. What is the area of a circle in terms of π, whose diameter is 16 cm?

Given: Diameter = 16 cm.

Hence, Radius, r = 8 cm

We know that the area of a circle = πr 2 square units.

Now, substitute r = 8 cm in the formula, we get

A = π(8) 2 cm 2

A = 64π cm 2

Hence, the area of a circle whose diameter is 16 cm = 64π cm 2 .

7. Find the missing angle in the given figure.

Geometry Questions - 7

Given two angles are 35° and 95°.

Let the unknown angle be “x”.

We know that sum of angles of a triangle is 180°

Therefore, 35°+95°+x = 180°

130°+ x = 180°

x = 180° – 130°

Hence, the missing angle is 50°.

Solids with three dimensions, such as length, breadth, and height, are known as 3D forms. Cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere, and other 3D shapes are examples.

Surface area and volume are two properties of 3D geometric shapes. The area covered by the 3D shape at the base, top, and all faces, including any curved surfaces, is referred to as the surface area. The volume is defined as the total amount of space required for the 3D shape.

: .

8. Find the curved surface area of a hemisphere whose radius is 14 cm.

Given: Radius = 14 cm.

As we know, the curved surface area of a hemisphere is 2πr 2 square units.

CSA of hemisphere = 2×(22/7)×14×14

CSA = 2×22×2×14

Hence, the curved surface area of a hemisphere is 1232 cm 2 .

9. Find the volume of a cone in terms π, whose radius is 3 cm and height is 4 cm.

Given: Radius = 3 cm

Height = 4 cm

We know that the formula to find the volume of a cone is V = (⅓)πr 2 h cubic units.

Now, substitute the values in the formula, we get

V = (⅓)π(3) 2 (4)

V = π(3)(4)

V = 12π cm 3

Hence, the volume of a cone in terms of π is 12π cm 3 .

10. The base area of a cylinder is 154 cm 2 and height is 5 cm. Find the volume of a cylinder.

Given: Base area of a cylinder = 154 cm 2 .

As the base area of a cylinder is a circle, we can write πr 2 = 154cm 2 .

We know that the volume of a cylinder is πr 2 h cubic units.

V = 154(5) cm 3

V = 770 cm 3

Hence, the volume of a cylinder is 770 cm 2 .

Practice Questions

  • Find the area of a square whose side length is 6 cm.
  • Find the number of obtuse angles in the given figure.

Geometry Questions - Practice 2

            3. Find the number of line segments in the given figure and name them.

Geometry Questions - Practice 3

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Help with high school geometry problems

Welcome to Geometry Help! I'm  Ido Sarig , a high-tech executive with a BSc degree in Computer Engineering and an MBA degree in Management of Technology. I'm here to tell you that geometry doesn't have to be so hard! My goal with this website is to help you develop a better way to approach and solve geometry problems, even if spatial awareness is not your strongest quality.

If you are having difficulty with your high school geometry homework, or find that while you do OK in class you struggle with quiz and test questions that you’ve never seen before, or if you simply want to improve your geometry problem solving skills – you’ve come to the right place.

Here you will learn how to approach a textbook or test geometry problem, and how to identify the hints given in the question to guide you toward the right approach to solving it. Step-by-step, you will work through an extensive set of geometry problems and answers, and develop a better ‘feel’ for solving similar problems on your own.

Geometry Topics

geometry problem solving questions

About Ido Sarig

I'm a high-tech executive with a Computer Engineering degree. To help pay for my college education, I used to tutor high school kids in geometry.  I found students were often intimidated by this subject, so I've developed ways to make it easier to understand.

Learn more about me →

Why is geometry so hard?

It's hard for people who approach math problems arithmetically rather than visually. But with practice, anyone can improve their spatial perception and get better at finding geometry answers, even to complex problems.

If you need to contact me, please email GeometryHelpBlog (at) gmail.com. If you tried to find a specific geometry problem on this website and could not find it, I’ll be happy to hear from you and see if I can add it to the site.

I am sorry that I can't always answer individual questions or respond to individual emails. So please forgive me if I don't respond to your email directly. But if I get several requests to explain a specific geometry problem, I will try my best to add it to the site as soon as I can.

Algebra: Geometry Word Problems

In these lessons, we look at geometry word problems, which involves geometric figures and angles described in words. You would need to be familiar with the formulas in geometry .

Related Pages Perimeter and Area of Polygons Nets Of 3D Shapes Surface Area Formulas Volume Formulas More Geometry Lessons

Making a sketch of the geometric figure is often helpful.

You can see how to solve geometry word problems in the following examples: Problems involving Perimeter Problems involving Area Problems involving Angles

There is also an example of a geometry word problem that uses similar triangles.

Geometry Word Problems Involving Perimeter

Example 1: A triangle has a perimeter of 50. If 2 of its sides are equal and the third side is 5 more than the equal sides, what is the length of the third side?

Solution: Step 1: Assign variables: Let x = length of the equal side. Sketch the figure.

Step 2: Write out the formula for perimeter of triangle . P = sum of the three sides

Step 3: Plug in the values from the question and from the sketch. 50 = x + x + x + 5

Combine like terms 50 = 3x + 5

Isolate variable x 3x = 50 – 5 3x = 45 x =15

Be careful! The question requires the length of the third side. The length of third side = 15 + 5 =20

Answer: The length of third side is 20

Example 2: Writing an equation and finding the dimensions of a rectangle knowing the perimeter and some information about the about the length and width. The width of a rectangle is 3 feet less than its length. The perimeter of the rectangle is 110 feet. Find its dimensions.

Geometry Word Problems Involving Area

Example 1: A rectangle is 4 times as long as it is wide. If the length is increased by 4 inches and the width is decreased by 1 inch, the area will be 60 square inches. What were the dimensions of the original rectangle?

Step 1: Assign variables: Let x = original width of rectangle

Step 2: Write out the formula for area of rectangle. A = lw

Step 3: Plug in the values from the question and from the sketch. 60 = (4x + 4)(x –1)

Use distributive property to remove brackets 60 = 4x 2 – 4x + 4x – 4

Put in Quadratic Form 4x 2 – 4 – 60 = 0 4x 2 – 64 = 0

This quadratic can be rewritten as a difference of two squares (2x) 2 – (8) 2 = 0

Factorize difference of two squares "> (2x) 2 – (8) 2 = 0 (2x – 8)(2x + 8) = 0

Since x is a dimension, it would be positive. So, we take x = 4

The question requires the dimensions of the original rectangle. The width of the original rectangle is 4. The length is 4 times the width = 4 × 4 = 16

Answer: The dimensions of the original rectangle are 4 and 16.

Example 2: This is a geometry word problem that we can solve by writing an equation and factoring. The height of a triangle is 4 inches more than twice the length of the base. The area of the triangle is 35 square inches. Find the height of the triangle.

Geometry Word Problems involving Angles

Example 1: In a quadrilateral two angles are equal. The third angle is equal to the sum of the two equal angles. The fourth angle is 60° less than twice the sum of the other three angles. Find the measures of the angles in the quadrilateral.

Step 1: Assign variables: Let x = size of one of the two equal angles Sketch the figure

Step 2: Write down the sum of angles in quadrilateral . The sum of angles in a quadrilateral is 360°

Step 3: Plug in the values from the question and from the sketch. 360 = x + x + (x + x) + 2(x + x + x + x) – 60

Combine like terms 360 = 4x + 2(4x) – 60 360 = 4x + 8x – 60 360 = 12x – 60

Isolate variable x 12x = 420 x = 35

The question requires the values of all the angles. Substituting x for 35, you will get: 35, 35, 70, 220

Answer: The values of the angles are 35°, 35°, 70° and 220°.

Example 2: The sum of the supplement and the complement of an angle is 130 degrees. Find the measure of the angle.

Geometry Word Problems involving Similar Triangles

Indirect Measurement Using Similar Triangles

This video illustrates how to use the properties of similar triangles to determine the height of a tree.

How to solve problems involving Similar Triangles and Proportions?

Given that triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF, solve for x and y.

The extendable ramp shown below is used to move crates of fruit to loading docks of different heights. When the horizontal distance AB is 4 feet, the height of the loading dock, BC, is 2 feet. What is the height of the loading dock, DE?

Triangles ABC and A’B’C' are similar figures. Find the length AB.

How to use similar triangles to solve a geometry word problem?

Examples: Raul is 6 ft tall and he notices that he casts a shadow that’s 5 ft long. He then measures that the shadow cast by his school building is 30 ft long. How tall is the building?

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Geometry problems and questions with answers for grade 9.

Grade 9 geometry problems and questions with answers are presented. These problems deal with finding the areas and perimeters of triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, squares and other shapes. Several problems on finding angles are also included. Some of these problems are challenging and need a good understanding of the problem before attempting to find a solution. Also Solutions and detailed explanations are included.

Answers to the Above Questions

  • measure of A = 60 degrees, measure of B = 30 degrees
  • length of DF = 17 cm
  • measure of A = 87 degrees
  • size of angle MAC = 55 degrees
  • size of angle MBD = 72 degrees
  • size of angle DOB = 93 degrees
  • size of angle x = 24 degrees
  • perimeter of large rectangle = 84 cm
  • measure of angle QPB = 148 degrees
  • area of given shape = 270 square cm
  • area of shaded region = 208 square cm
  • ratio of area of outside square to area of inscribed square = 2:1

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Hard Geometry Problems – Tackling Tough Challenges with Ease

Hard Geometry Problems Tackling Tough Challenges with Ease

Geometry problems often involve shapes, sizes, positions, and the properties of space. As I delve into the realm of geometry, it’s fascinating to explore the intricate challenges posed by harder problems in this field.

These problems test my understanding of concepts such as congruence, similarity, the Pythagorean Theorem, as well as area and perimeter calculations.

I find that working through these problems hones my analytical skills and enhances my spatial reasoning abilities.

A cluttered desk with scattered textbooks and papers, a calculator, and a ruler. A chalkboard or whiteboard with complex equations and diagrams

Hard geometry problems usually cover a diverse array of topics, from basic triangle rules to complex geometric proofs.

Showcasing mastery in this domain often calls for a blend of creativity and meticulousness, especially as I encounter problems that push the boundaries of my knowledge. For example, proving that two or more shapes are congruent or similar or finding the area of intricate figures can be quite a brain teaser.

The journey through these challenges is not just about finding the right answers; it’s also about appreciating the beauty and precision of geometry itself. Are you ready to join me in unraveling the elegance and complexity of these geometrical puzzles?

Complex Geometry Problems

In my journey through mathematics , I’ve found that complex geometry problems often intimidate students preparing for standardized tests such as the ACT , GRE , and SAT . These problems can involve a variety of geometric figures, from triangles and circles to circular cylinders and squares .

When tackling triangles , I always pay attention to the isosceles and equilateral types. It’s crucial to remember that isosceles triangles have two sides of equal length, and the angles opposite these sides are equal. As for equilateral triangles , all three sides and angles are the same, with each angle measuring $\frac{\pi}{3}$ radians, or $60^\circ$.

Here’s a quick table summarizing triangle rules :

Triangle TypeDefining FeatureAngle Relationships
Isosceles2 equal sides2 equal angles
Equilateral3 equal sides3 angles of $60^\circ$ each
Right Triangle1 angle of $90^\circ$Pythagorean Theorem applies

For circles , understanding the terminology is key. The diameter is twice the radius , and a chord that passes through the center of a circle forms a diameter . A semicircle is half of a circle, and when calculating area , I recall the formula $A = \pi r^2$, where $r$ is the radius .

If the problem involves a figure with both a triangle and a semicircle , I check if they share a side or a vertex . This often leads to interesting relationships between angles and sides which are essential to finding a solution .

Although these concepts might seem daunting at first, with practice, solving these types of geometry problems becomes a rewarding and enlightening act.

Solving Geometry Problems

When I tackle geometry problems , I think of them as intricate math puzzles . In my experience, practice is key to becoming proficient.

A student's desk covered in geometry textbooks and papers, with a ruler, compass, and protractor scattered among them

A reliable method I use involves several steps:

Understand the Problem : I carefully read the problem to grasp what’s being asked, especially the value we are trying to find, like the “value of ( x )”.

Draw It Out : I sketch the geometry figure, labeling known measurements and angles, which helps visualize and identify the ASA (Angle-Side-Angle) or other relevant theorems.

Apply Theorems : My familiarity with geometric principles, often refreshed by reading test prep books or resources from Stanford University , comes in handy.

Test Different Approaches : I try different problem-solving techniques, using tools from the Get 800 collection or insights from the MindYourDecisions channel.

Check the Work : I always verify my answers to avoid common mistakes.

Here’s a quick reference I’ve created that might be handy:

StepAction
1Read & understand the .
2.Draw the problem, and label known and unknown parts.
3.Apply geometric theorems and postulates.
4.Test approaches and with different problems.
5.Double-check answers for accuracy.

The practice doesn’t just involve solving problems from books or test prep books ; it also includes explaining concepts to others, which could be classmates or a teacher .

In my journey of learning and teaching, I’ve found that discussing the process openly in a friendly manner greatly reinforces understanding. As with all things, especially something as logical as geometry, maintaining persistent practice and a can-do attitude is essential in mastering challenging problems.

In grappling with hard geometry problems , I’ve encountered numerous challenges that have pushed my understanding to new heights.

From the intricate relationships between angles to the deep insights required for problem-solving, these problems offer a true test of mathematical skill. Mathematical contests often feature such problems to differentiate between good and exceptional problem solvers.

One thought that stands out is the value of persistence and logic. In facing problems about finding an unknown angle or solving for a particular length, the approach isn’t merely about applying formulas.

It requires a creative combination of geometry principles, sometimes integrating concepts borrowed from other areas of mathematics, such as algebra or trigonometry.

Reflecting on famous problems, like those I’ve come across from various online platforms, it becomes clear just how beautiful and complex geometry can be.

These problems often serve dual purposes, they are not just queries to be answered but lessons that deepen my appreciation and understanding of mathematics. The journey through tough geometry questions is not only about reaching the correct answer but also about appreciating the intricacies of the geometric world.

I encourage my readers to embrace these difficult problems with a sense of adventure. Remember, tackling a geometry problem is more than a test; it’s an opportunity to explore the elegance of mathematics.

Whether you solve a challenging problem on the first try or it takes numerous attempts, each effort enhances your mathematical intuition and prowess.

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Unveiling the Secrets of an Equilateral Triangle in Right Triangle Geometry: Finding the Midpoint Distance between Segments.

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Unlock the Mystery of Parallelograms: Discover the Length of Segment between the Intersecting Angle Bisectors.

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Discover How to Calculate the Length of the Altitude in an Isosceles Triangle - Get Expert Geometry Tips Now!.

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Unlocking the Angle Measure of a Triangle with Median and Doubled Side Lengths.

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Unlock the Secret to Finding the Measure of an Angle in a Triangle with Two Sides as Diameters of Circles.

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Discovering Distances in a Rectangle with an Exterior Point: A Geometry Challenge.

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Boost Your Geometry Skills: Solve for the Number of Sides in an Equiangular Polygon with an Interior Point and Bisected Angle.

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Unlocking Triangle Side Length: Solving with a Median and Two Angles. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Finding the Length of a Side in an Equiangular Hexagon with Given Three Side Lengths. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Mastering Triangle Distance Calculation: Find the Distance from the Intersection of Medians to an Exterior Line. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Discover the Secret to Finding Distances in Regular Hexagons with Interior Squares. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Solving the base in a Right Trapezoid with Double Angle and Sum of Two Sides. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Finding the Length of a Segment in a Triangle with a Median and a Cevian with Given Ratio. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Finding the Altitude of an Isosceles Triangle Using Distances from a Point on the Extension of the Base. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Congruence of Triangles, Perimeter, Measurement. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Congruence of Triangles in a Trapezoid and a Square, Measurement. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Understanding Triangle Geometry: Isosceles, Equilateral, Quadrilateral, Angular. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Understanding Triangle Geometry: Double Angles, Altitudes, and Measurements. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Parallel Rays, Angles, Corresponding, Alternate. Difficulty Level: High School.

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Parallel Rays, Angles, and Bisector, Corresponding, Alternate, Conjugate. Difficulty Level: High School.

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End-to-End Geometry Problem Solver

Interactive Demo

GeoS is an end-to-end system that solves high school geometry questions. Its input is question text in natural language and diagram in raster graphics, and its output is the answer to the question.

  • G-Aligner : Aligning geometric entities in text and diagram.
  • GeoS : Solving geometry problems.
  • Solving geometry problems: combining text and diagram interpretation Minjoon Seo, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Ali Farhadi, Oren Etzioni, and Clint Malcolm In Proceedings of EMNLP, 2015.
  • Diagram understanding in geometry questions Minjoon Seo, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Ali Farhadi, and Oren Etzioni In Proceedings of AAAI, 2014.
  • Training questions : high school geometry questions
  • Test questions 1 : SAT practice questions
  • Test questions 2 : SAT official questions

Source Code

View the Project on GitHub seominjoon/geosolver

Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the Allen Institute for AI, Allen Distinguished Investigator Award, and NSF (IIS-1352249).

Math with Bad Drawings

Lover of math. Bad at drawing.

Twenty Questions (Of Maddening, Delicious Geometry)

SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNING: BEWARE THESE PUZZLES. SIDE EFFECTS CAN INCLUDE LOST AFTERNOONS, HAIR PULLED OUT IN CLUMPS, AND EXCLAMATIONS OF “OHHHHHHH, THAT’S HOW YOU DO IT” SO LOUD THEY CAN DAMAGE WINDOWS.

I came across  Catriona Shearer ‘s math puzzles on Twitter a few months ago. I was immediately drawn in: they’re so tactile, so handcrafted, so ripe for solving. Each of her gorgeously tricksy problems can swallow an hour in a single bite.

She agreed to let me  brainfish you folks by sharing 20 of her favorites. She even indulged my curiosity and admiration with an interview (see the bottom of the post).

Enjoy. And don’t say the Surgeon General didn’t warn you.

1. The Garden of Clocks

Catriona 1

“Unfortunately, my favourite one of the six is the only one I didn’t come up with myself,” says Catriona, “the dark blue one.”

2. The Toppled Square

catriona 2

(This one feels like an instant classic to me.)

3. It’s a Trap

Catriona 3

“A ‘second attempt’ puzzle that was nicer than the first one I came up with.”

4. Three Square Meals

Catriona 4

“I quite like this one – I drew lots of pretty patterns based on it.”

5. Shear Beauty

catriona 5

“Probably my all-time favourite. It just looks impossible! Apparently the solution method used here is called shearing (unfortunately, not in my honour).”

6. All Men are Created Equilateral

catriona 6

“Another corollary that I much prefer to the original.”

7. Semicircle Turducken

catriona 7

9. Tale of Two Circles

catriona 9

“This was a corollary to a different puzzle, but I like it more than the original!”

catriona 10

“I think this one’s quite neat, although it looks like a massive rip-off of Ed Southall’s puzzles.”

11. All in the Square

Catriona 11

“I like the fact that although you can work out all the dimensions of the orange triangle from the information here (and I did when I solved it), you don’t actually need to – using the area and the hypotenuse is enough.”

12. Spike in the Hive

catriona 12

“This one’s quite neat – I like the fact that you don’t need to work out any of the actual side lengths, which are almost certainly horrible.”

13. Isosceles I Saw

catriona 13

“I think the wording of this one is my favourite. Lots of people missed the important information and concluded there were infintely many solutions!

14. Green vs. Blue

catriona 14

“Another one of my favourites.”

15. Jewel Cutters

Catriona 15

“The best thing about this one: the really nice dissection solutions that were posted.”

16. Going, Going, ‘gon

catriona 16

“This one isn’t so neat, but the answer really surprised me. I think because it’s harder it didn’t get so much traction on twitter!

17. Just One Fact

catriona 17

“This is one of my favourites, as it just doesn’t look like there’s enough information.”

18. The Tumble Dryer

Catriona 18

“I like the higgledy-piggledy squares here, like they’re rattling around in a tumble dryer. And the answer is surprisingly neat too.”

19. Fly the Flags

catriona 19

“This one’s quite simple, once you see it – but I didn’t straight away so the simplicity of the answer surprised me.”

20. The Tiger-gon

catriona 20

“This one I nearly didn’t post. But the picture reminded me of Tony the Tiger.”

BONUS: Sunset Over Square City

Catriona 21

“I like this one because it reminds me of a sunrise over a city of squares.”

In case you’ve made it this far down the post – in which case, it’s probably 6 months after you started, and your desk is surrounded by crumpled papers and empty Chinese food containers – then here are some questions I had for Catriona.

How did you get into designing these puzzles?

I went on holiday to the Scottish Highlands, but forgot to take a coat with me, so I ended up spending more time inside than my friends did! I kept doodling along the lines of “I wonder if I could work out…”

I wasn’t expecting it to turn into a hobby, but it gets a bit addictive – especially when people reply with their solutions, which I love. There’s almost always a neat shortcut that I’ve missed.

What’s your creative process like?

It just starts with doodling. I’ll end up with a whole page of overlapping squares at different angles, or regular(ish) pentagons with different parts shaded in, and then see if there’s any nice Maths hiding there – relationships between lengths or areas or angles.

Lots of your images are marker on paper. Why the low-tech approach?

I did try using Desmos and Geogebra, but I’m not very good. I found it way quicker to draw an inscribed circle by getting my compass out and doing a bit of trial and error than by constructing it nicely in geometry software.

Also, with felt tips you can fudge things because the lines are so thick. It’s a nice compromise between it looking ‘right’ but also knowing you can’t just get your ruler out and measure it.

One of the nice things about geometry is it’s very forgiving – I can show you a hopeless picture of a square or a circle, but it’s enough to communicate the concept because they’re so well defined.

Several of your puzzles provide  just  enough information. How do you find that boundary, where a diagram is  just barely  determined?

Sometimes giving the bare minimum is actually a giveaway, because it only leaves one avenue. My preference is for giving slightly too much information, so there are a couple of decoy routes. This also means I get to see more variety when people reply with their solutions!

I’ve posted a couple of puzzles that were impossible – luckily someone usually points it out quite quickly!

I’ve also posted puzzles that I’ve massively over-specified, because I didn’t see a nice shortcut that would only use half the information.

Advice for would-be puzzle makers?

Ok, my imposter syndrome has fully kicked in here. I’m definitely still a novice – I’ve only been doing this since August! On the other hand, I’ve discovered I enjoy making puzzles and reading solutions even more than I like solving them myself.

A puzzle’s primary purpose should be amusement – that’s what marks it out from a standard Maths problem. So you need at least two of:

  • A neat set up . Perhaps just enough information, so that the reader is wondering how on earth this is possible. Or several tantalising pieces of information that each feel like they offer a way in. Regular polygons and circles are a fantastic two-birds-one-stone here, because they disguise a wealth of information, without the specifically useful bits being marked on the diagram.
  • A neat method . A trick, or a shortcut, or an insight that simplifies the whole thing. This might not be the most obvious method – I can think of lots of puzzles I’ve solved with lines of algebra, or surds, or horrible expressions with pi, only for it all to cancel out at the end and I realise there must have been an easier way.
  • A neat answer . It’s a bit unsatisfying to work through a puzzle to get to a messy answer.

Basically, get drawing – find a puzzle you enjoyed solving and see what happens if you extend it, or change some elements of it. If you find a relationship that surprises you, chances are it will also surprise the rest of us, so put it out there. Twitter’s a great platform as people can post their own diagrams in reply.

Also, while you’re here: check out Math with Bad Drawings: The Book of All New and Wildly Enjoyable Stuff!

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Student Question Bank: Math Questions

Because each question on the Math section deals with different numbers and mathematical scenarios, it's not as simple as the Reading and Writing section to identify exactly what each question stem will look like. You can still use the descriptions in this section to determine which math domains and skills you want to focus on in the Student Question Bank.

Math Questions

Related topics.

Category:Olympiad Geometry Problems

This page lists all of the olympiad geometry problems in the AoPSWiki .

Pages in category "Olympiad Geometry Problems"

The following 185 pages are in this category, out of 185 total.

  • 1959 IMO Problems/Problem 4
  • 1959 IMO Problems/Problem 5
  • 1959 IMO Problems/Problem 6
  • 1960 IMO Problems/Problem 3
  • 1960 IMO Problems/Problem 4
  • 1960 IMO Problems/Problem 5
  • 1960 IMO Problems/Problem 6
  • 1960 IMO Problems/Problem 7
  • 1961 IMO Problems/Problem 5
  • 1961 IMO Problems/Problem 6
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Researchers from institutions including the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Tongji University, and the National University of Singapore introduced Math-LLaVA, a model fine-tuned with a novel dataset called MathV360K. This dataset includes 40K high-quality images and 320K synthesized question-answer pairs designed to improve the breadth and depth of multimodal mathematical reasoning capabilities. Introducing Math-LLaVA represents a significant step forward in the field, addressing the gaps left by previous datasets and methods.

The MathV360K dataset was constructed by selecting 40K high-quality images from 24 pre-existing datasets, focusing on subjects like algebra, geometry, and visual question answering. Researchers synthesized 320K new question-answer pairs based on these images to enhance the diversity and complexity of the dataset. This comprehensive dataset was then used to fine-tune the LLaVA-1.5 model, resulting in the development of Math-LLaVA. The selection process for these images involved rigorous criteria to ensure clarity and complexity, aiming to cover a wide range of mathematical concepts and question types. The synthesis of additional question-answer pairs involved generating diverse questions that probe different aspects of the images and require multiple reasoning steps, further enhancing the dataset’s robustness.

geometry problem solving questions

Math-LLaVA demonstrated significant improvements, achieving a 19-point increase on the MathVista minutest split compared to the original LLaVA-1.5 model. Furthermore, it showed enhanced generalizability and performed well on the MMMU benchmark. Specifically, Math-LLaVA achieved a 57.7% accuracy on the GPS subset, outperforming G-LLaVA-13B, trained on 170K high-quality geometric image-caption and question-answer pairs. These results highlight the effectiveness of the diverse and comprehensive MathV360K dataset in enhancing the multimodal mathematical reasoning capabilities of MLLMs. The model’s performance on different benchmarks underscores its ability to generalize across various mathematical reasoning tasks, making it a valuable tool for a wide range of applications.

To conclude, the research underscores the critical need for high-quality, diverse multimodal datasets to improve mathematical reasoning in MLLMs. By developing and fine-tuning Math-LLaVA with MathV360K, researchers have significantly enhanced the model’s performance and generalizability, showcasing the importance of dataset diversity and synthesis in advancing AI capabilities. The MathV360K dataset and the Math-LLaVA model represent a substantial advancement in the field, providing a robust framework for future research and development. This work not only underscores the potential of MLLMs to transform various domains by integrating visual and textual data but also inspires hope for the future of AI, paving the way for more sophisticated and capable AI systems.

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geometry problem solving questions

Nikhil is an intern consultant at Marktechpost. He is pursuing an integrated dual degree in Materials at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Nikhil is an AI/ML enthusiast who is always researching applications in fields like biomaterials and biomedical science. With a strong background in Material Science, he is exploring new advancements and creating opportunities to contribute.

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Will Biden Withdraw?

Democratic worries about the president’s age have surged after thursday’s debate..

This transcript was created using speech recognition software. While it has been reviewed by human transcribers, it may contain errors. Please review the episode audio before quoting from this transcript and email [email protected] with any questions.

From “The New York Times,” I’m Natalie Kitroeff. This is “The Daily.”

[MUSIC PLAYING]

President Joe Biden’s disastrous debate performance last week set off a furious discussion among Democratic officials, donors, and strategists about whether and how to replace him as their party’s nominee. Today, chief White House correspondent Peter Baker takes us inside those discussions and Biden’s effort to shut that conversation down.

It’s Monday, July 1.

Peter, you’ve been reporting on what I think can be best described as the great Democratic freakout that started basically from the moment the debate began at 9:00 PM on Thursday night. Tell us about the aftermath.

Yeah, I’ve been covering politics for 38 years, and I’ve never seen a political panic like we saw after that debate. It was like a run on the bank. Everybody in the Democratic Party was suddenly confronted with what they didn’t want to admit up until then, which is that they have an 81-year-old candidate who would be 86 at the end of his second term. And it’s very possible that he was not capable of completing this campaign in a vigorous and competitive way against Donald Trump. That’s what really it comes down to for many Democrats. Can Joe Biden take the campaign to Donald Trump and stop what they think is an existential threat to the country?

I want to know more about who you were hearing from. Who are the people that are calling you? What are the big questions they’re asking? What are they struggling with?

Yeah, I don’t want to get into too many names. A lot of people don’t want to be out front. But you did see even publicly, people like Senator Claire McCaskill.

Joe Biden had one thing he had to do tonight and he didn’t do it.

The former Senator from Missouri, red state Democrat, was on MSNBC just minutes after the debate.

He had one thing he had to accomplish, and that was reassure America that he was up to the job at his age. And he failed at that tonight.

She talked about this was a crisis, that her phone was blowing up with a lot of Democrats. And she was very forthright about it. It was very striking that she said that.

I think there’s a lot of people who are going to want to see him consider taking a different course now,

People like van Jones, who was on CNN, he used to work in the Obama White House.

We’re still far from our convention. And there is time for this party to figure out a different way forward, if you will allow us to do that.

He very candidly talked about how this was going to raise questions about whether the President should continue as the candidate.

Some Democrats are calling for Biden to step down. Andrew Yang —

Andrew Yang, who ran against Biden in 2020 for the Democratic nomination, popular with some younger voters, he said on social media it was time for Biden to step aside. Those are some of the public people. And obviously, in the hours and days that followed, more came out and said, well, this is something we need to think about.

But the people I was talking to were people behind the scenes, people who have run White Houses before, people who work for President Biden in this administration. I heard words like, “He can’t win.” “This is a disaster.”

“This is a nightmare.” And they were very, very concerned that he could not beat Donald Trump.

Right. And you saw these really prominent media figures, outlets, “The Times” as an actor in this situation calling for Biden to step aside. Our editorial board did this. We should say this is entirely separate from our newsroom from the show, but there was this real crescendo. And there was a sense that this was a turning point, right?

Absolutely. But it’s not just the media. I think what the Biden campaign would like it to be is about the media. It’s just that the media tends to be more out front and say things more openly than Democrats were saying. It really was rank and file Democrats. It really was high ranking Democrats, and they were absolutely flipped out.

Right. These doubts are coming from all over, from many corners. Take me through, Peter, the argument for why this poor performance meant that Biden should be replaced. How do they explain that thinking?

Well, look, a lot of people who defended President Biden will say is that incumbent presidents don’t do well in their first debate, and that is true. Historically, that’s been true. Ronald Reagan, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump all lost, arguably, their first debate when they were running for re-election.

But the difference is, if Obama doesn’t register a good performance against Mitt Romney, first of all, nobody thought that Obama wasn’t capable of being president as a result. And second of all, he had another debate about a week or two later in order to try to recover. Neither of those factors works here.

Biden’s problem from this debate is much more existential. It’s much more profound because it’s about whether he is able to perform the office of president, not just for the next few months, but for the next 4 and 1/2 years. And there’s not going to be another debate until September. So he doesn’t have another big audience opportunity to change people’s minds, to show that, in fact, he does still have it and can run the country. And that’s a real problem for him.

And there’s this broader context here, right. Voters have been telling pollsters for a year now that Biden’s age is a major concern for them. We’ve seen Biden’s age before our very eyes. We’ve seen him stumble in speeches, in public appearances. And, Peter, we had talked to you about this very issue a few months ago after a special counsel investigating Biden’s son, Hunter, issued this report focusing on Biden’s mental state, in part, saying that the president was, quote, a “well-meaning elderly man with a poor memory” and had, quote, “diminished faculties in advancing age.”

But at the time, the White House dismissed that report as a partisan hit job. So in a sense, this debate performance was the capstone of something that’s been in the air for a very long time. It’s just that this time, it was undeniable. There was no spinning it.

Well, I think that’s exactly right. There was no spinning it. One Democrat put it to me. He said, for a long time, the fear of Trump stifled Democratic criticism of Biden. People didn’t want to criticize him because they desperately want to beat Trump.

But now, that same fear, he said to me, now meant that they could no longer stand behind Biden, that they worried that he had been diminishing over a period of time and that his staff and the people around him had hidden that from the public. There’s a real anger out there among some Democrats. Now, what the Biden circle would tell you is, no, we didn’t hide anything from you.

Yes, he does have moments where he is not as lucid as you would want him to be, but that, broadly speaking, when they see him operate, when they’re sitting with him in the Oval Office or in the situation room, he is sharp. He asks good questions. He understands and grasps the issues that he is confronting.

And I mean, we all have good days and bad days. But when you’re 81, your good days and bad days may be more pronounced.

And if he has good days and bad days, well, Thursday night was a very bad night.

Peter, I want to ask you about that, about your view on all of this, because I do think all this has raised this fundamental question for a lot of Democrats, for a lot of journalists, for voters, which is what you’re getting at. Was what we saw on the debate stage the real Biden? And had the White House been hiding him from us? Or were the people around him just unable to recognize the perils of this themselves? Like, have they been gaslighting us all, or are they in denial?

Yeah, it’s a good question. That’s the question in some ways, right. I think that people who work closely with the president and like him, admire him, respect him want to see the best in him and want everybody else to see the best in him. And they have been unwilling to admit whether or not he has slipped in the last 3 and 1/2 years.

And part of it may be strategic. They recognize in their view that he is the president. They’ve got to build him u and make him as successful as possible. And they have shielded him as much as possible from public scrutiny.

He hasn’t give as many interviews or as many press conferences as any of his predecessors going back to Reagan. He’s never getting interview to “The New York Times,” or “The Washington Post,” or “The Wall Street Journal,” or the “LA Times,” or any other newspaper, which is, I think, the first president, certainly in my lifetime, who hasn’t done that. And that’s been part of a pattern of them trying to protect him. And I think there’s kind of a reckoning right now among other Democrats, wondering whether they went too far.

OK. So we have this huge reaction to this moment, the debate from the Democrats in the news media. Can you walk us through how the Biden team responds to the full-blown panic?

His campaign was thrown into full-blown damage control over the weekend. And the President himself set out to do two things. First, privately, he met with donors and assured them, yes, he’s still a viable candidate and that they should still support him.

And then publicly, he went on a campaign blitz, traveling to seven events in four states. And his first stop on Friday, in fact, was at a rally in Raleigh, North Carolina.

[CROWD CHEERING]

Hello, hello, hello.

This was already scheduled before the debate, but it gave him an opportunity to both show that he can do the job —

Thank you, North Carolina.

— to demonstrate vigor and vitality —

I don’t know what you did last night, but I spent 90 days and 90 minutes on the stage debating the guy who has the morals of an alley cat.

— and to address his own performance.

I know I’m not a young man. State the obvious. Well, I know.

And he says pretty candidly, he says, yeah, I’m not a young man.

I don’t walk as easy as I used to. I don’t speak as smoothly as I used to. I don’t debate as well as I used to.

But he goes on.

Well, I know what I do know. I know how to tell the truth.

And I know how to tell right from wrong.

And I know how to do this job. I know how to get things done. And I know, like millions of Americans know, when you get knocked down, you get back up.

And, you know, he comes across as pretty vigorous, pretty energetic. Of course, he’s reading from a teleprompter. Always a lot easier to read from a teleprompter. But I think more important than that was the body language and the spirit that he brought to the moment.

It sounds like teleprompter, not the Biden who appears at the rally is meaningfully different, at least in style from the President that we saw on the debate stage. I’m wondering if you think this has changed anything. Has the conversation changed?

No, not fundamentally. I think fundamentally that people still recognize that there’s an issue here. Now, there was pushback among Democrats saying, OK, take a breath. Get a hold of yourself. He’s not dropping out.

I don’t think you judge a person’s — the body of their work on one night. They don’t always go the way you want to. I have confidence in the President because he’s delivered.

And I understand that he had a raspy voice. But like I’ve told folks, who cares? We have a choice this November between someone that’s a good person, a good president with a real record of results, and someone that has brought shame on the presidency.

Don’t let 90 minutes define a career of a president who’s been in office for 3 and 1/2 years, been in politics for 50 years, and overshadow the important issues that he stands for. And so you heard that line of thinking in the spin room and on TV.

Look, I think Joe Biden had a bad debate night, but it doesn’t change the fact that Donald Trump was a bad president.

And by the way, Trump did terribly, too, which is a fair point. Trump may have been more lucid in the sense that he sounded stronger. But if you actually looked at what he said, listen to what he said, he said so many things that were just not true. And it helped Biden that former President Barack Obama put out a statement saying, hey, guys, I’ve seen bad debates. It’s fine. Don’t freak out, in effect, is what he said.

And Jim Clyburn —

And if he asked my opinion, I would give it, as I always do —

— who is his very close ally in Congress from South Carolina, the Congressman who helped get him the nomination in the first place, said, stay the course.

He should stay in this race. He should demonstrate going forward his capacity to lead the country.

So it was important to have those voices out there among prominent Democrats trying to calm the waters. But it only went so far because the waters are still churning underneath.

Peter, I’m curious how his donors are reacting to all this. I mean, you mentioned that part of his full court press is to reassure them that he’s got the mental acuity to run. How successful has he been at that?

Yeah, I think that there are certainly some donors who are resigned. They feel like there’s not much choice. But there are others who actually are considering jumping off the boat. Jumping on what Mika Brzezinski on “Morning Joe” called the hysteria train. And I think that it’s an open question.

But part of the thing is, of course, they’re waiting to see how the polls really shake out. The initial polls after any debate are often not really representative of how an event settles into the political narrative. And the polling and data so far have been kind of contradictory. On the one hand, it shows that Trump clearly beat Biden. Biden clearly lost, and that Biden has only reinforced the doubts that most voters have about his age and mental capacity. That’s absolutely true.

At the same time, there’s some polling showing that the overall horse race number, who are you going to vote for, hasn’t moved dramatically yet, if it does at all, and that it’s possible this is baked in that people who were going to vote against him are still going to vote against him. The people who would vote for him, holding their nose, may not be happy about it, may still be voting for him.

But there’s a tell. The tell was from the Biden campaign. When they put out a memo by Jen O’Malley Dillon, who was his top political person at the campaign, and she says if you see polls go down in the next few days or weeks, what’s telling is that she is, in fact, anticipating that polls would be bad for them and trying to set expectations for supporters and voters and donors saying, don’t let that panic you any further. That’s normal, and we’ll get past that just as we have other bumps in the road.

It seems like the Biden effort over the weekend has, in some sense, quieted some public doubts from key Democrats, right? There’s not a — we didn’t see a deluge of senior lawmakers going on Sunday talk shows and saying, Mr. President, step aside. But from what you’re saying and based on the reporting that we’ve seen from our colleagues, the effort has not, by any means, ended the discussion about replacing Biden. That is very much still happening under the surface.

Yeah. That discussion is very much alive among Democrats. Will Biden and should Biden remain as the candidate? And the question then becomes is if he doesn’t, what then?

We’ll be right back.

Peter, given that this discussion of Biden stepping aside is still, as you said, very much alive, what would it look like for someone to replace him on the presidential ticket at this point in the campaign just a few months before election day? It sounds like it would be pretty daunting.

Yeah. I mean, look, we have never had a situation like this, not certainly in modern times. No president has ever dropped out of the race so late in the cycle. And you have to remember a couple of things.

First of all, the Democratic National Convention, which would anoint a new nominee, is in late August. But they’re actually scheduled to take a roll call vote before the convention begins on August 7. So that means we have five weeks between now and when the roll call is scheduled to be held to decide a nominee.

If the president were to drop out, that would create this truncated, incredibly intense, incredibly wide open, incredibly volatile, short campaign to figure out who would be the nominee. And it’s complicated logistically. It’s complicated politically, it’s complicated in all sorts of ways. And we don’t really know what’s going to happen or how it would happen because we’ve never seen it before.

But it is conceivable. It is possible. The President has to decide that he’s not going to run. If that doesn’t happen, then there’s no contest. There’s no way anybody sees a forcing him off the ballot if he chooses to continue to run. That doesn’t seem to be any appetite for trying to find a way to undo his nomination other than with his consent.

He controls the 3,900 delegates that are going to be at the convention. They’re obligated to vote for him on the first ballot. So it has to be first, his decision on whether he continues to run. If he does, then that’s it. That’s the end of that question. But if he doesn’t, then it’s jump ball.

Would his replacement automatically be Kamala Harris as the vice president?

No, not at all. If it were after the convention and they were both nominated, and then he stepped aside at the last minute, then they probably would simply go to Kamala Harris because she had been ratified by the convention as the vice presidential candidate. That’s possible. But if we’re talking about a situation before the convention, it’s anybody’s guess. There’s about a dozen other prominent Democrats out there who are looking at jumping in if suddenly, the nomination is up for grabs.

But so who are we talking about? What are some of the most prominent names that have come up?

Well, other than Kamala Harris, you have a number of governors, particularly Gavin Newsom of California, Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan, J.B. Pritzker of Illinois. There are, of course, those who ran last time who might jump back in, in theory. Senator Cory Booker, Senator Amy Klobuchar, potentially even maybe Pete Buttigieg, who is currently the transportation Secretary.

But the ones who are going to have the best chance are those who have an apparatus already, who have a set of donors and fundraisers who can raise money instantly, and who have the ability to get on TV and get media attention without having to work as hard for it. And that does suggest, obviously, a sitting vice president or a sitting governor.

Basically hitting reset on the whole nomination process requires embracing a moment of genuine political chaos. I mean, that’s the theoretical downside of this. But of course, I mean, there’s also a potential upside, right? Massive media attention potentially for whoever the replacement Democrat is, the possibility that that replacement could energize a lot of Democratic voters and independents, and even potentially moderate Republicans out there who dislike Trump but just couldn’t get excited about Biden.

Yeah, absolutely. Whoever emerges will have a certain advantage of freshness, right. And that person will have a generational argument to make against Trump because whoever it would be would be younger than Trump. And suddenly, Trump is then the old candidate. He’s 78.

And that new Democratic candidate would be able to say, I’m the next generation. This guy is also too old to be president. And if you’re concerned about our guy was, can he make it through four years, then you should be picking me because the other guy can’t make it either through four years.

Now, the downside, of course, is these are people who are largely untested on a national stage, at least in this kind of an environment. And you don’t know how people will do once they actually jump in. They didn’t have the advantage of a year-long primary contest to prove themselves.

Before you jump into a race, you can look really attractive. Look at Ron DeSantis. Before he jumped in to the Republican primaries, on the Republican side, they all thought, wow, he’s really great. Didn’t turn out to be so great once he got on the campaign trail. The magic didn’t actually appear. So that’s the danger here, is we don’t know which of these Democrats, if any, would have the ability to shine when the big giant klieg lights are on them.

And we’re clearly in a delicate moment right now. But are any of these potential contenders trying to signal interest at this point? I mean, what does that look like? It sort of seems like the art of raising your hand for something but not wanting it to publicly.

Yeah, it’s a really good question because you obviously can’t do anything that seems disloyal to Biden, right. Nobody’s willing to take on Biden directly and say, I’m now running, and you should take him down. So the trick here is you have to be loyal, loyal, loyal right up to the minute that Biden says he’s not running, at which point then suddenly you’re off to the races.

And doing that from a standing start is not a good idea for any campaign. So they have to find ways of talking to their people, lining up donors, thinking about what kind of a campaign would look like, who might be their strategist, without letting anybody know that they’re doing that, or at least not let anybody in our business know that because it would obviously backlash on them. And that’s a very hard thing to do. I mean, I heard that there are people out there making phone calls who want to run, but nobody’s going to admit that outright because it would be damaging to them.

And in terms of logistics here — I know this is all very hypothetical — but if a new candidate were to become the nominee, do they get all the money Biden raised? Do they get his campaign team, or are they literally creating a presidential campaign from scratch with four months to go?

I mean, presumably, they would adopt a lot of Biden’s apparatus. As for the money, a lot of the money these days is in kind of superpacs and these sort of amorphous structures that can go immediately to a different candidate. And everybody who contributed to Biden can now contribute to the new candidate. And then Biden can still spend his money as he chooses in support of whoever the candidate is.

So there’s that advantage in a way it could actually increase some fundraising. But you’re right, they would be starting from scratch in a lot of ways, at least in terms of a national organization.

And obviously, for this to even happen, it relies on Biden stepping aside here, as you said. Everything you’ve laid out so far suggests that he is, for now at least, closed off to this suggestion. And I have to ask what you think from your reporting would change that.

Well, President Biden is a proud man. He’s a stubborn man. As a lot of people of any age are, he is reluctant to confront and face his own weaknesses, and he’s not going to be talked out of running by a bunch of media chattering class, pundits, and junior Democrats. I mean, think about it. He’s been running for president since 1987. And the idea that he is now in office and running the country and as he thinks it, running it pretty well, that he’s going to simply step aside because a bunch of people tell him he should, he reacts viscerally to that. Of course, he doesn’t want to do that.

In fact, when you talk to Democrats, they’re very conscious of not trying to push him because it could have the opposite reaction. It could trigger him to want to stay even more. The people who have influence with him, not that many people.

I mean, at this point, he’s been in politics since 1972 when he was elected to the Senate. And the people he considers his peers, most of them are gone. He’s not surrounded by people whose opinion he truly respects.

Obama and Clinton, the only two former presidents out there other than Jimmy Carter, who are Democrats, I don’t know that if they told him it was time to pull the plug, that he would listen to that. In fact, he might, again, do the opposite. He still resents Obama for discouraging from running in 2016.

Obviously, congressional leaders like Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi, Hakeem Jeffries, Jim Clyburn, people like that, could have an influence if they were to go as a group to him in a way like the Republicans went to Nixon in 1974 and said that he wasn’t going to survive. Maybe that might influence him. But I don’t think they’re likely to do it. It doesn’t look like they’re likely to do that.

Who does have his ear? I mean, who does he really listen to? Who do we know he’s going to be listening to in this moment?

Well, the real people he listens to the most are his family. He’s a very family-oriented guy. Remember, he went home to Wilmington almost every night when he was a Senator. Even now as president, he flies home to Wilmington most every weekend.

And he’s at Camp David this weekend with his family. They’re there because they had already planned to be together for a photo shoot, ironically, with Annie Leibovitz. So the family was already gathering at Camp David —

— gives him an opportunity. Right. And it gives him an opportunity to have a heart-to-heart conversation with the people who mean the most to him, in particular, Jill Biden, of course, the first lady and his sister, Valerie, the kids, and the grandkids. We don’t know what that conversation looks like.

I mean, that’s as private as it comes. Someday they’ll be histories written and memoirs written. And I’m fascinated to read what’s happening this weekend at Camp David, because I think it’s kind of pivotal. But what we do know is that up until now, at least, Jill has been all in.

She’s been encouraging him to run. And it sounds like she’s been encouraging him to stay in. And a lot of people think her voice is the most important voice in this.

And just to pause on this for a second, Peter, it sounds like you’re saying something pretty remarkable, actually, which is that this very small handful of people have influence over what is going to be a massive decision that affects hundreds of millions of Americans and really the entire world.

Well, don’t underplay it. But yeah, that’s exactly right. And you’re right to point out the stakes here, because it’s not just about Joe Biden and his future. It is about this presidential race. And it is about whether you want Donald Trump back in office. That’s the way most Democrats look at it. And the difference between a Biden presidency and a Trump presidency is about as stark as you can imagine. And this will have consequences that will ripple out for years to come.

Peter, I kind of want to end where we began this conversation, which is with this question of Democrats’ mindset right now, post-debate, and the question of what’s motivating them in this moment. Privately, they’re talking about replacing Biden. They seem too scared to do that publicly for all the reasons we’ve discussed, including that the White House is basically telling them to stop talking about it and that Biden probably won’t step aside anyway. So all of this may just be useless hand-wringing.

And all of that raises a pretty essential question for me, which is, are Democrats about to recommit to a damaged nominee who had a disastrous debate, who may only get worse over time out of loyalty to President Biden? Or do you think on some level they really believe this is all just overblown, that it’s one debate, everybody has bad days, and Biden really can recover from all this?

I think there’s a lot of doubt in the party that he can really recover from. This is the argument obviously the Biden campaign is making. And it’s really the only argument they have available to them to say, look, don’t overreact here. It’s just the media hyperventilating. We will recover like we’ve recovered before.

And it is what they have to say because they don’t have anything else that they can say. But almost every Democrat outside of the inner circle that I talk to says this was a complete disaster. They are not sugarcoating it. They saw what they saw with their own eyes, and they think that it’s not tenable for the campaign to pretend otherwise.

And it’s particularly devastating because the weakness of the Biden campaign has always been concerns about his age. People have expressed that to pollsters and in interviews with reporters going back more than a year. And now they just saw it for themselves on TV, in their living rooms, more than 50 million of them. And to convince them not to believe what they saw with their own eyes is just a monumental task politically.

So for Biden’s team and for the Democrats, it’s a big roll of the dice. Do you stick with him and try to correct the damage in the four months you have? Or do you say, it’s time for somebody else, which is going to be a roll of the dice itself?

And assuming Biden continues, Peter, it sounds like we won’t know if that bet, that bet that he’s the only one that ever beat him. He’s the only guy that can get this done, if that was solid or diluted thinking until November 5.

On November 5, or whatever day of the election is resolved, we will know how history judges this. And maybe everybody looks back on this and says, well, that was close, but they were right to stick it out because they won. Or in fact, it was a disastrous decision, and they wasted an opportunity to fix campaign that was already having trouble. Hindsight will be perfect, but there’s no question that this weekend will be remembered as perhaps the most decisive of this campaign.

Peter, thanks for coming on.

Thanks for having me.

After we spoke with Peter, “The New York Times” reported that while at Camp David, Biden’s family urged the president to stay in the race, arguing that, yes, he could still show voters he’s capable of serving another four years.

Here’s what else you need to know today. Early projections show that France’s far-right national rally party won a decisive victory in the first round of voting for the country’s national assembly on Sunday. National rally, an anti-immigrant party long on the fringes of the French political scene, captured about a third of the vote, according to polls, and now appears poised to become the largest force in the lower house of parliament.

The results dealt a blow to French president Emmanuel Macron, who took a gamble by dissolving parliament last month and calling for snap elections. But his bet that the far right wouldn’t repeat its recent success in European parliament elections backfired. A run-off election between the leading parties will be held on July 7.

Today’s episode was produced by Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Will Reid, and Rob Szypko, with help from Olivia Natt and Lynsea Garrison. It was edited by Lexie Diao, with help from Ben Calhoun, Paige Cowett, and Mike Benoist. And special thanks to Michael Barbaro.

Contains original music by Dan Powell, Marion Lozano, and was engineered by Chris Wood. Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly.

That’s it for “The Daily.” I’m Natalie Kitroeff. See you tomorrow.

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President Biden’s disastrous debate performance last week set off a furious discussion among Democratic officials, donors and strategists about whether and how to replace him as the party’s nominee.

Peter Baker, who is the chief White House correspondent for The Times, takes us inside those discussions and Biden’s effort to shut them down.

On today’s episode

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Peter Baker , the chief White House correspondent for The New York Times.

Joe Biden is standing behind a podium against a black background. He is smiling and waving with his hand.

Background reading

President Biden’s allies can no longer wave away concerns about his capacity after his unsteady performance at Thursday’s debate.

Mr. Biden’s family is urging him to keep fighting .

There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.

We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.

Special thanks to Michael Barbaro .

The Daily is made by Rachel Quester, Lynsea Garrison, Clare Toeniskoetter, Paige Cowett, Michael Simon Johnson, Brad Fisher, Chris Wood, Jessica Cheung, Stella Tan, Alexandra Leigh Young, Lisa Chow, Eric Krupke, Marc Georges, Luke Vander Ploeg, M.J. Davis Lin, Dan Powell, Sydney Harper, Mike Benoist, Liz O. Baylen, Asthaa Chaturvedi, Rachelle Bonja, Diana Nguyen, Marion Lozano, Corey Schreppel, Rob Szypko, Elisheba Ittoop, Mooj Zadie, Patricia Willens, Rowan Niemisto, Jody Becker, Rikki Novetsky, John Ketchum, Nina Feldman, Will Reid, Carlos Prieto, Ben Calhoun, Susan Lee, Lexie Diao, Mary Wilson, Alex Stern, Sophia Lanman, Shannon Lin, Diane Wong, Devon Taylor, Alyssa Moxley, Summer Thomad, Olivia Natt, Daniel Ramirez and Brendan Klinkenberg.

Our theme music is by Jim Brunberg and Ben Landsverk of Wonderly. Special thanks to Sam Dolnick, Paula Szuchman, Lisa Tobin, Larissa Anderson, Julia Simon, Sofia Milan, Mahima Chablani, Elizabeth Davis-Moorer, Jeffrey Miranda, Maddy Masiello, Isabella Anderson, Nina Lassam and Nick Pitman.

Natalie Kitroeff is the Mexico City bureau chief for The Times, leading coverage of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. More about Natalie Kitroeff

Peter Baker is the chief White House correspondent for The Times. He has covered the last five presidents and sometimes writes analytical pieces that place presidents and their administrations in a larger context and historical framework. More about Peter Baker

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