effect of a lease assignment

assignments basic law

Assignments: The Basic Law

The assignment of a right or obligation is a common contractual event under the law and the right to assign (or prohibition against assignments) is found in the majority of agreements, leases and business structural documents created in the United States.

As with many terms commonly used, people are familiar with the term but often are not aware or fully aware of what the terms entail. The concept of assignment of rights and obligations is one of those simple concepts with wide ranging ramifications in the contractual and business context and the law imposes severe restrictions on the validity and effect of assignment in many instances. Clear contractual provisions concerning assignments and rights should be in every document and structure created and this article will outline why such drafting is essential for the creation of appropriate and effective contracts and structures.

The reader should first read the article on Limited Liability Entities in the United States and Contracts since the information in those articles will be assumed in this article.

Basic Definitions and Concepts:

An assignment is the transfer of rights held by one party called the “assignor” to another party called the “assignee.” The legal nature of the assignment and the contractual terms of the agreement between the parties determines some additional rights and liabilities that accompany the assignment. The assignment of rights under a contract usually completely transfers the rights to the assignee to receive the benefits accruing under the contract. Ordinarily, the term assignment is limited to the transfer of rights that are intangible, like contractual rights and rights connected with property. Merchants Service Co. v. Small Claims Court , 35 Cal. 2d 109, 113-114 (Cal. 1950).

An assignment will generally be permitted under the law unless there is an express prohibition against assignment in the underlying contract or lease. Where assignments are permitted, the assignor need not consult the other party to the contract but may merely assign the rights at that time. However, an assignment cannot have any adverse effect on the duties of the other party to the contract, nor can it diminish the chance of the other party receiving complete performance. The assignor normally remains liable unless there is an agreement to the contrary by the other party to the contract.

The effect of a valid assignment is to remove privity between the assignor and the obligor and create privity between the obligor and the assignee. Privity is usually defined as a direct and immediate contractual relationship. See Merchants case above.

Further, for the assignment to be effective in most jurisdictions, it must occur in the present. One does not normally assign a future right; the assignment vests immediate rights and obligations.

No specific language is required to create an assignment so long as the assignor makes clear his/her intent to assign identified contractual rights to the assignee. Since expensive litigation can erupt from ambiguous or vague language, obtaining the correct verbiage is vital. An agreement must manifest the intent to transfer rights and can either be oral or in writing and the rights assigned must be certain.

Note that an assignment of an interest is the transfer of some identifiable property, claim, or right from the assignor to the assignee. The assignment operates to transfer to the assignee all of the rights, title, or interest of the assignor in the thing assigned. A transfer of all rights, title, and interests conveys everything that the assignor owned in the thing assigned and the assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor. Knott v. McDonald’s Corp ., 985 F. Supp. 1222 (N.D. Cal. 1997)

The parties must intend to effectuate an assignment at the time of the transfer, although no particular language or procedure is necessary. As long ago as the case of National Reserve Co. v. Metropolitan Trust Co ., 17 Cal. 2d 827 (Cal. 1941), the court held that in determining what rights or interests pass under an assignment, the intention of the parties as manifested in the instrument is controlling.

The intent of the parties to an assignment is a question of fact to be derived not only from the instrument executed by the parties but also from the surrounding circumstances. When there is no writing to evidence the intention to transfer some identifiable property, claim, or right, it is necessary to scrutinize the surrounding circumstances and parties’ acts to ascertain their intentions. Strosberg v. Brauvin Realty Servs., 295 Ill. App. 3d 17 (Ill. App. Ct. 1st Dist. 1998)

The general rule applicable to assignments of choses in action is that an assignment, unless there is a contract to the contrary, carries with it all securities held by the assignor as collateral to the claim and all rights incidental thereto and vests in the assignee the equitable title to such collateral securities and incidental rights. An unqualified assignment of a contract or chose in action, however, with no indication of the intent of the parties, vests in the assignee the assigned contract or chose and all rights and remedies incidental thereto.

More examples: In Strosberg v. Brauvin Realty Servs ., 295 Ill. App. 3d 17 (Ill. App. Ct. 1st Dist. 1998), the court held that the assignee of a party to a subordination agreement is entitled to the benefits and is subject to the burdens of the agreement. In Florida E. C. R. Co. v. Eno , 99 Fla. 887 (Fla. 1930), the court held that the mere assignment of all sums due in and of itself creates no different or other liability of the owner to the assignee than that which existed from the owner to the assignor.

And note that even though an assignment vests in the assignee all rights, remedies, and contingent benefits which are incidental to the thing assigned, those which are personal to the assignor and for his sole benefit are not assigned. Rasp v. Hidden Valley Lake, Inc ., 519 N.E.2d 153, 158 (Ind. Ct. App. 1988). Thus, if the underlying agreement provides that a service can only be provided to X, X cannot assign that right to Y.

Novation Compared to Assignment:

Although the difference between a novation and an assignment may appear narrow, it is an essential one. “Novation is a act whereby one party transfers all its obligations and benefits under a contract to a third party.” In a novation, a third party successfully substitutes the original party as a party to the contract. “When a contract is novated, the other contracting party must be left in the same position he was in prior to the novation being made.”

A sublease is the transfer when a tenant retains some right of reentry onto the leased premises. However, if the tenant transfers the entire leasehold estate, retaining no right of reentry or other reversionary interest, then the transfer is an assignment. The assignor is normally also removed from liability to the landlord only if the landlord consents or allowed that right in the lease. In a sublease, the original tenant is not released from the obligations of the original lease.

Equitable Assignments:

An equitable assignment is one in which one has a future interest and is not valid at law but valid in a court of equity. In National Bank of Republic v. United Sec. Life Ins. & Trust Co. , 17 App. D.C. 112 (D.C. Cir. 1900), the court held that to constitute an equitable assignment of a chose in action, the following has to occur generally: anything said written or done, in pursuance of an agreement and for valuable consideration, or in consideration of an antecedent debt, to place a chose in action or fund out of the control of the owner, and appropriate it to or in favor of another person, amounts to an equitable assignment. Thus, an agreement, between a debtor and a creditor, that the debt shall be paid out of a specific fund going to the debtor may operate as an equitable assignment.

In Egyptian Navigation Co. v. Baker Invs. Corp. , 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 30804 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 14, 2008), the court stated that an equitable assignment occurs under English law when an assignor, with an intent to transfer his/her right to a chose in action, informs the assignee about the right so transferred.

An executory agreement or a declaration of trust are also equitable assignments if unenforceable as assignments by a court of law but enforceable by a court of equity exercising sound discretion according to the circumstances of the case. Since California combines courts of equity and courts of law, the same court would hear arguments as to whether an equitable assignment had occurred. Quite often, such relief is granted to avoid fraud or unjust enrichment.

Note that obtaining an assignment through fraudulent means invalidates the assignment. Fraud destroys the validity of everything into which it enters. It vitiates the most solemn contracts, documents, and even judgments. Walker v. Rich , 79 Cal. App. 139 (Cal. App. 1926). If an assignment is made with the fraudulent intent to delay, hinder, and defraud creditors, then it is void as fraudulent in fact. See our article on Transfers to Defraud Creditors .

But note that the motives that prompted an assignor to make the transfer will be considered as immaterial and will constitute no defense to an action by the assignee, if an assignment is considered as valid in all other respects.

Enforceability of Assignments:

Whether a right under a contract is capable of being transferred is determined by the law of the place where the contract was entered into. The validity and effect of an assignment is determined by the law of the place of assignment. The validity of an assignment of a contractual right is governed by the law of the state with the most significant relationship to the assignment and the parties.

In some jurisdictions, the traditional conflict of laws rules governing assignments has been rejected and the law of the place having the most significant contacts with the assignment applies. In Downs v. American Mut. Liability Ins. Co ., 14 N.Y.2d 266 (N.Y. 1964), a wife and her husband separated and the wife obtained a judgment of separation from the husband in New York. The judgment required the husband to pay a certain yearly sum to the wife. The husband assigned 50 percent of his future salary, wages, and earnings to the wife. The agreement authorized the employer to make such payments to the wife.

After the husband moved from New York, the wife learned that he was employed by an employer in Massachusetts. She sent the proper notice and demanded payment under the agreement. The employer refused and the wife brought an action for enforcement. The court observed that Massachusetts did not prohibit assignment of the husband’s wages. Moreover, Massachusetts law was not controlling because New York had the most significant relationship with the assignment. Therefore, the court ruled in favor of the wife.

Therefore, the validity of an assignment is determined by looking to the law of the forum with the most significant relationship to the assignment itself. To determine the applicable law of assignments, the court must look to the law of the state which is most significantly related to the principal issue before it.

Assignment of Contractual Rights:

Generally, the law allows the assignment of a contractual right unless the substitution of rights would materially change the duty of the obligor, materially increase the burden or risk imposed on the obligor by the contract, materially impair the chance of obtaining return performance, or materially reduce the value of the performance to the obligor. Restat 2d of Contracts, § 317(2)(a). This presumes that the underlying agreement is silent on the right to assign.

If the contract specifically precludes assignment, the contractual right is not assignable. Whether a contract is assignable is a matter of contractual intent and one must look to the language used by the parties to discern that intent.

In the absence of an express provision to the contrary, the rights and duties under a bilateral executory contract that does not involve personal skill, trust, or confidence may be assigned without the consent of the other party. But note that an assignment is invalid if it would materially alter the other party’s duties and responsibilities. Once an assignment is effective, the assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor and assumes all of assignor’s rights. Hence, after a valid assignment, the assignor’s right to performance is extinguished, transferred to assignee, and the assignee possesses the same rights, benefits, and remedies assignor once possessed. Robert Lamb Hart Planners & Architects v. Evergreen, Ltd. , 787 F. Supp. 753 (S.D. Ohio 1992).

On the other hand, an assignee’s right against the obligor is subject to “all of the limitations of the assignor’s right, all defenses thereto, and all set-offs and counterclaims which would have been available against the assignor had there been no assignment, provided that these defenses and set-offs are based on facts existing at the time of the assignment.” See Robert Lamb , case, above.

The power of the contract to restrict assignment is broad. Usually, contractual provisions that restrict assignment of the contract without the consent of the obligor are valid and enforceable, even when there is statutory authorization for the assignment. The restriction of the power to assign is often ineffective unless the restriction is expressly and precisely stated. Anti-assignment clauses are effective only if they contain clear, unambiguous language of prohibition. Anti-assignment clauses protect only the obligor and do not affect the transaction between the assignee and assignor.

Usually, a prohibition against the assignment of a contract does not prevent an assignment of the right to receive payments due, unless circumstances indicate the contrary. Moreover, the contracting parties cannot, by a mere non-assignment provision, prevent the effectual alienation of the right to money which becomes due under the contract.

A contract provision prohibiting or restricting an assignment may be waived, or a party may so act as to be estopped from objecting to the assignment, such as by effectively ratifying the assignment. The power to void an assignment made in violation of an anti-assignment clause may be waived either before or after the assignment. See our article on Contracts.

Noncompete Clauses and Assignments:

Of critical import to most buyers of businesses is the ability to ensure that key employees of the business being purchased cannot start a competing company. Some states strictly limit such clauses, some do allow them. California does restrict noncompete clauses, only allowing them under certain circumstances. A common question in those states that do allow them is whether such rights can be assigned to a new party, such as the buyer of the buyer.

A covenant not to compete, also called a non-competitive clause, is a formal agreement prohibiting one party from performing similar work or business within a designated area for a specified amount of time. This type of clause is generally included in contracts between employer and employee and contracts between buyer and seller of a business.

Many workers sign a covenant not to compete as part of the paperwork required for employment. It may be a separate document similar to a non-disclosure agreement, or buried within a number of other clauses in a contract. A covenant not to compete is generally legal and enforceable, although there are some exceptions and restrictions.

Whenever a company recruits skilled employees, it invests a significant amount of time and training. For example, it often takes years before a research chemist or a design engineer develops a workable knowledge of a company’s product line, including trade secrets and highly sensitive information. Once an employee gains this knowledge and experience, however, all sorts of things can happen. The employee could work for the company until retirement, accept a better offer from a competing company or start up his or her own business.

A covenant not to compete may cover a number of potential issues between employers and former employees. Many companies spend years developing a local base of customers or clients. It is important that this customer base not fall into the hands of local competitors. When an employee signs a covenant not to compete, he or she usually agrees not to use insider knowledge of the company’s customer base to disadvantage the company. The covenant not to compete often defines a broad geographical area considered off-limits to former employees, possibly tens or hundreds of miles.

Another area of concern covered by a covenant not to compete is a potential ‘brain drain’. Some high-level former employees may seek to recruit others from the same company to create new competition. Retention of employees, especially those with unique skills or proprietary knowledge, is vital for most companies, so a covenant not to compete may spell out definite restrictions on the hiring or recruiting of employees.

A covenant not to compete may also define a specific amount of time before a former employee can seek employment in a similar field. Many companies offer a substantial severance package to make sure former employees are financially solvent until the terms of the covenant not to compete have been met.

Because the use of a covenant not to compete can be controversial, a handful of states, including California, have largely banned this type of contractual language. The legal enforcement of these agreements falls on individual states, and many have sided with the employee during arbitration or litigation. A covenant not to compete must be reasonable and specific, with defined time periods and coverage areas. If the agreement gives the company too much power over former employees or is ambiguous, state courts may declare it to be overbroad and therefore unenforceable. In such case, the employee would be free to pursue any employment opportunity, including working for a direct competitor or starting up a new company of his or her own.

It has been held that an employee’s covenant not to compete is assignable where one business is transferred to another, that a merger does not constitute an assignment of a covenant not to compete, and that a covenant not to compete is enforceable by a successor to the employer where the assignment does not create an added burden of employment or other disadvantage to the employee. However, in some states such as Hawaii, it has also been held that a covenant not to compete is not assignable and under various statutes for various reasons that such covenants are not enforceable against an employee by a successor to the employer. Hawaii v. Gannett Pac. Corp. , 99 F. Supp. 2d 1241 (D. Haw. 1999)

It is vital to obtain the relevant law of the applicable state before drafting or attempting to enforce assignment rights in this particular area.

Conclusion:

In the current business world of fast changing structures, agreements, employees and projects, the ability to assign rights and obligations is essential to allow flexibility and adjustment to new situations. Conversely, the ability to hold a contracting party into the deal may be essential for the future of a party. Thus, the law of assignments and the restriction on same is a critical aspect of every agreement and every structure. This basic provision is often glanced at by the contracting parties, or scribbled into the deal at the last minute but can easily become the most vital part of the transaction.

As an example, one client of ours came into the office outraged that his co venturer on a sizable exporting agreement, who had excellent connections in Brazil, had elected to pursue another venture instead and assigned the agreement to a party unknown to our client and without the business contacts our client considered vital. When we examined the handwritten agreement our client had drafted in a restaurant in Sao Paolo, we discovered there was no restriction on assignment whatsoever…our client had not even considered that right when drafting the agreement after a full day of work.

One choses who one does business with carefully…to ensure that one’s choice remains the party on the other side of the contract, one must master the ability to negotiate proper assignment provisions.

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Lease Assignment Agreement

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ContractsCounsel has assisted 197 clients with lease assignment agreements and maintains a network of 157 real estate lawyers available daily. These lawyers collectively have 19 reviews to help you choose the best lawyer for your needs.

A lease assignment agreement is a legally binding contract outlining the terms and conditions of transferring a lease from one party to another in one place. This means the assignee becomes the new tenant and assumes all the rights, obligations, and liabilities under the original lease. Lease assignments are commonly used in real estate transactions when a tenant wants to transfer their lease to another party before the lease term expires. We will discuss the lease assignment agreements' purpose, key elements, and other relevant aspects.

Key Elements of a Lease Assignment Agreement

A lease assignment agreement includes several key elements outlining the terms and conditions of the lease transfer. These elements may vary depending on local laws and specific circumstances but generally include the following:

Parties: The lease assignment agreement should clearly identify the parties involved, including the original tenant (assignor), the new tenant (assignee), and the landlord.
Property: The agreement should specify the property subject to the lease assignment, including the address, unit number, and relevant details.
Terms: The agreement should state the lease assignment's effective date, the original lease's remaining term, and any renewal or termination provisions.
Rights and Obligations: The agreement should outline the rights and obligations of the assignor, assignee, and landlord, including rent payments, maintenance responsibilities, and any other lease terms that will carry over to the assignee.
Consent: In most cases, the lease assignment agreement requires the landlord's written consent. The agreement should specify the conditions and process for obtaining landlord consent.
Indemnification: The agreement may include provisions for indemnifying the landlord against any losses or damages resulting from the lease assignment.
Governing Law : The agreement should specify the governing law and jurisdiction applicable to any disputes or legal matters related to the lease assignment.

Legal Implications of Lease Assignment Agreements

Lease assignments have legal implications for all parties involved. It is important to understand the potential legal risks and obligations associated with lease assignments. For tenants, it may be necessary to review the original lease agreement and seek legal advice to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions of the lease assignment. Landlords should carefully review and approve lease assignments to protect their rights and interests. In some jurisdictions, landlords may have the right to reject a proposed lease assignment for valid reasons.

Nicholas M.

Elizabeth W.

Practical Tips for Managing Lease Assignment Agreements

Lease assignments can be complex, and it is important for tenants and landlords to approach them with caution. Here are some tips for navigating lease assignments:

For Tenants

Review the Original Lease Agreement: Understand the terms and conditions of the original lease before entering into a lease assignment agreement.
Seek Legal Advice: Consider consulting with a real estate attorney to ensure compliance with local laws and protect your rights and interests.
Obtain Written Consent from the Landlord: Follow the process outlined in the lease assignment agreement to obtain written consent from the landlord before proceeding with the assignment.
Communicate with all Parties Involved: Keep open communication with the assignee, assignor, and landlord throughout the process to avoid misunderstandings or disputes.
Fulfill Obligations under the Original Lease: Even after the lease assignment, the assignor may still be responsible for fulfilling their obligations under the original lease until the effective date of the assignment.

For Landlords

Review the Lease Assignment Carefully: Carefully review the proposed lease assignment agreement, including the terms and conditions, rights and obligations of the assignor and assignee, and any indemnification provisions.
Require Written Consent: Insist on obtaining written consent from the assignor and assignee before allowing the lease assignment to proceed, as this protects your rights and interests as a landlord.
Verify Financials and Credentials of Assignee: Conduct thorough due diligence on the proposed assignee's financials and credentials to ensure they can fulfill the lease obligations.
Update Lease Documentation: Once the lease assignment is approved, update the lease documentation to reflect the new tenant (assignee) and provide copies to all parties involved.
Communicate with all Parties Involved: Maintain open communication with the assignor, assignee, and any property management or legal professionals involved in the lease assignment process to ensure a smooth transition.

Potential Risks and Considerations

There are potential risks and considerations that tenants and landlords should be aware of when it comes to lease assignments. These may include:

Non-Compliance with the Original Lease: If the assignee fails to comply with the terms and conditions of the original lease, the assignor may still be held liable for any breaches.
Landlord's Right to Reject: In some jurisdictions, landlords may have the right to reject a proposed lease assignment for valid reasons, such as the assignee's inability to meet financial obligations or lack of appropriate credentials.
Indemnification Provisions: The lease assignment agreement may include indemnification provisions that hold the assignor and assignee responsible for any losses or damages resulting from the lease assignment.
Legal Disputes: Disputes may arise during the lease assignment process, such as disagreements over the terms and conditions, consent requirements, or other related matters.
Local Laws and Regulations: Lease assignments are subject to local laws and regulations, which may vary by jurisdiction. It is important to ensure compliance with applicable laws and seek legal advice.

Key Terms for Legal Assignment Agreements

Consideration: Refers to the value or benefit each party receives in exchange for entering into the assignment agreement.
Assignment: The transfer of rights or obligations from one party (assignor) to another (assignee) as agreed upon in the assignment agreement.
Consent: The requirement for obtaining permission or agreement from relevant parties, such as the original contracting parties, for the assignment to occur.
Indemnity : The legal protection provided by the assignor to the assignee against any potential losses, liabilities, or claims arising from the assignment.
Governing Law: The jurisdiction or legal system that governs the interpretation, validity, and enforcement of the assignment agreement, which is typically specified in the agreement itself.

Final Thoughts on Legal Assignment Agreements

A lease assignment agreement is a legally binding contract allowing tenants to transfer their lease rights and responsibilities to another party. It is important for both tenants and landlords to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of a lease assignment, seek legal advice if needed, and maintain open communication throughout the process. By following the appropriate steps and considering potential risks and considerations, lease assignments can be a useful tool for tenants and landlords to manage their lease agreements effectively.

However, you need the help of a professional lawyer to ensure you do not end up messing up a lease assignment agreement. So, ensure you approach an experienced attorney who is well-versed in the field.

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ContractsCounsel is not a law firm, and this post should not be considered and does not contain legal advice. To ensure the information and advice in this post are correct, sufficient, and appropriate for your situation, please consult a licensed attorney. Also, using or accessing ContractsCounsel's site does not create an attorney-client relationship between you and ContractsCounsel.

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Demystifying Assignment of Lease: Your Go-To Guide

LegalGPS : July 29, 2023 at 8:17 AM

When you’re talking about property leasing, it’s important to understand that there are a lot of terms and concepts that you may have never heard before. One of them is the assignment of lease, which refers to a situation where a tenant transfers their rights and responsibilities under the lease agreement to another party.

What is an Assignment of Lease, and why is it so crucial?

An Assignment of Lease is a term you may have heard thrown around, especially if you're involved in rental properties. It’s a pretty important document. But what exactly is it? Well, in simple terms, an Assignment of Lease is an agreement where the original tenant of a property transfers their leases and all of its rights and obligations to a new tenant. Now, you might be wondering, "When would this scenario ever occur?"

Let's imagine you're a tenant who signed a three-year lease for an office space. However, two years in, you need to relocate due to unprecedented growth of your business. Instead of breaking the lease, you might choose to assign your lease to another business looking for office space. This means that you, as the original tenant, no longer have any obligations under the lease. The new tenant is now responsible for paying rent and complying with all of the terms of the previously signed agreement.

Now that you understand, let's get into the step-to-step guide on how to create an Assignment of Lease!

Steps to Write an Assignment of Lease

Creating a thorough Assignment of Lease agreement doesn't need to be an overwhelming task. Simply follow these steps to ensure your agreement is both comprehensive and legally binding:

Step 1: Identify the Parties

The information of each party should be included. For the existing tenant (the assignor), make sure to include:

Full legal name or business name

Postal mailing address

Phone number and email address

Do the same for the new tenant (the assignee). Make sure all the information is up-to-date and accurate to avoid any unnecessary confusion or disputes. For example, if the assignor is a business, make sure they have updated their mailing address with the post office to reflect their new building location. If a party has multiple addresses, be sure to list them all.

Step 2: Specify the Lease

This section requires exact information from the original lease agreement, including:

Property address and description

Lease start and end date

A reference to the original lease agreement (for instance, a sentence like "the lease agreement dated...")

Remember to include a copy of the original lease as an attachment to ensure the assignee understands the terms they're adhering to. If not already included in the original lease agreement, be sure to add the following information: Description of rental property, Lease term (how long the lease is good for), Rent amount, and Security deposit amount.

Step 3: Detail the Assignment

State that the assignor is transferring all their interests and obligations in the lease to the assignee. Here, write something like:

"The Assignor hereby assigns, transfers, and conveys to the Assignee all of the Assignor's rights, title, and interest in and to the Lease, together with all the Assignor's obligations, liabilities, and duties under the Lease."

This means that the assignor is transferring all of their interests and obligations in the lease to the assignee. This includes any future rent payments, repairs and maintenance responsibilities, notices of default by either party, and so on.

Step 4: Landlord's Consent

Many leases require the landlord's consent to assign the lease. The assignor should request written consent from the landlord and include a clause like:

"The assignment of the lease is not valid unless and until the landlord provides written consent."

This is followed by a place for the landlord to affirm consent by signing or initialing. This is important because the landlord can elect to withhold consent and the assignment will not be valid. If this is the case, you may need to provide additional consideration for your landlord's assent (for example, an increase in rent).

Step 5: Assignee Acceptance

Include a statement in which the new tenant agrees to the assignment and the terms of the lease. It may look like:

"The Assignee hereby accepts this assignment, assumes all duties and responsibilities under the Lease, and agrees to perform all of the Assignor's obligations under the Lease."

You need to do this because the new tenant needs to have an affirmative acceptance of the assignment in order for it to be valid. This is typically done through a letter from the assignee stating that they agree to perform all of your obligations under the lease.

Step 6: Signature and Date

Every binding legal document needs a date and a signature. Make sure that there is a proper place for the assignor and the assignee to sign and print their names, with a line for the date.

By following these clear, actionable steps, you'll be able to construct an effective Assignment of Lease agreement. Remember, every situation is unique, so adjust the template as necessary, being sure to include all relevant details.

Clear so far? Great! Now, let's focus on the tips to draft a perfect Assignment of Lease.

Tips to Draft a Perfect Assignment of Lease

Accurate Dates: Be sure to include the date when this agreement will take effect. Precision avoids any confusion about durations, when the assignee takes over, or when the assignor's obligations end.

Clear Terms: This document should restate the terms of the original lease. The assignee needs a clear understanding of what they're stepping into. Bit ambiguous? Think of it like this: the assignee should be able to step into the assignor's shoes comfortably.

Specify Rent Terms: Stating the rent amount, due dates, and method of payment in the assignment helps create a record of the agreed-upon rent terms, ensuring no misunderstanding arises in the future.

Specify the Term: The assignment should state how long the new lease lasts. For example, if the original lease is for one year, then the assignee will assume only a one-year term.

Specify Other Conditions: If there are other conditions in place—such as tenant improvements or utility allowances—then specify these too.

An assignment of lease doesn't have to be a formidable task to overcome. With a cautious and considered approach, these documents can be a smooth and seamless part of managing a successful lease transition.

Our contract templates can offer you even more support, empowering you towards crafting an excellent and individualised Assignment of Lease ready for your task. So why not take your next step towards leasing success and check them out today? Click here to get started!

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A Full Guide to Commercial Lease Assignment (Lease Transfer)

a full guide to commercial lease assignment or lease transfer stamped with a red CONFIRM mark image at offices.net

Dealing with a fixed-term lease agreement and looking to move offices or downsize? The topic of commercial lease transfer can be confusing to navigate, particularly when you are unsure of your rights and obligations under the lease.

If you’re renting a commercial property, you signed a contract at the beginning of your tenancy called a lease agreement , which contains all the details of your rights and obligations while occupying and conducting business operations at the commercial property. Your agent is required by law to give you a copy of the lease agreement if you don’t already have one.

The following article will serve as a full guide to commercial lease assignment, providing business owners with an overview of the legal considerations and elements required for an assignment of lease.

1 What is a Commercial Lease Assignment?
2 Current Market Conditions Boosting Lease Transfers and Flexible Arrangements
3 What is the Difference Between Commercial Lease Assignment and Subleasing?
4 Why Would You Want to Transfer a Lease?
5 How to Go About Transferring Your Commercial Lease
6.1 Goals and obligations of the original lessee and new tenant
6.2 Starting date of lease assignment
6.3 Pitfalls and consequences
7.0.1 Further Insights

What is a Commercial Lease Assignment?

Also known as a lease transfer, a commercial lease assignment involves a tenant transferring all of their interests and rights in a lease to a new party. This new tenant will take on the responsibilities of the existing lease, including rent and any other obligations, leaving the original tenant free to exit the agreement.

Commercial lease assignment often occurs when tenants want to leave their commercial property prior to the end of a fixed-term agreement. This often happens when a business quickly needs to upsize or downsize their space, move to a new city, or go out of business.

State law dictates whether tenants require their landlord’s consent prior to transferring a lease or subletting a part of their space. However, most lease agreements will clearly outline full transfer provisions prior to being signed and, whilst it is possible for lease assignment to be forbidden, the vast majority of agreements allow for transfers.

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Current Market Conditions Boosting Lease Transfers and Flexible Arrangements

There has been a marked increase in the number of lease transfers and sublets of commercial properties in recent years, largely as a result of increased instances of remote work and downsizing seen across multiple industries. This reduced need for workspace has persisted, as many workers have continued to show a preference for remote and hybrid work arrangements if and when suitable.

Changing employee priorities have forced many businesses to reconsider their existing lease agreements, resulting in an increase in both commercial lease assignments and sublease agreements .

Landlords have adapted their offerings in the face of this changed market demand. Many are now offering flexible, month-to-month leases, allowing tenants to rest easy knowing that they won’t be stuck in a long-term lease agreement if their situation changes.

However, in the case of premium office spaces in highly sought-after locations or warehousing facilities close to major transport links, traditional leases are still very much the norm. In these cases, landlords may have realized that fully reconfiguring their offerings for flexible-usage is financially unrealistic. This may be due to a number of factors, including high-levels of existing demand for traditional leases, the saturation of the flexible workspace market, and the requirements of their typical target tenants.

So, if you’re leasing long-term commercial property and need out of the agreement, or at least to downsize, a lease transfer is a great solution that can leave all contracted parties satisfied.

three business people finalizing a sublease agreement in a well-lit office space image at offices.net

What is the Difference Between Commercial Lease Assignment and Subleasing?

A commercial sublease, which is a type of lease transfer, occurs when a tenant who currently leases property agrees to let another tenant use the space concurrently. The agreement involves all three parties: the original tenant, the new tenant, and the property owner.

When you sublease your space, you become the sub-lessor (or sub-landlord), and your new tenant is now the sublessee (or subtenant). Your agreement with them will normally allow them to reside in your space – or a specified portion of it – for either the remaining term of your lease or some other pre-determined length of time.

It’s important to keep in mind that, as the original lessee, you’re still liable and responsible for making monthly lease payments on a sublet agreement. Therefore, you must collect rent from your subtenant each month while continuing to make rental payments directly to your landlord.

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Why Would You Want to Transfer a Lease?

Lease transfers can be done to adjust the leased property size and monthly rent. A business owner may decide that they need to upsize or downsize their leased premises prior to the end of their original lease term.

Also, a lease transfer may be sought because the current tenant wants to vacate the rental property entirely, with no plans to lease elsewhere. This may be due to outside factors (e.g. a global pandemic) or the forced closure of a business.

A lease transfer, or a sublease arrangement, may also be desired so that two businesses with complementary strengths can share a workspace and mutually benefit from their operational proximity. No matter how complementary the proposed new tenant is to the existing tenant, this new business relationship will require the landlord’s permission (unless they have been given prior written consent providing them with sole discretion over subletting)

How to Go About Transferring Your Commercial Lease

The only necessary requirement for lease transfer is to identify a new lessee. In the vast majority of cases, your landlord cannot deny your request for a lease transfer unreasonably , yet it’s still in your best interest to find a new tenant with an established rental history and who can financially afford the rent on time. The only situation in which a commercial landlord can instantly deny a lease transfer request is if this provision was established in the initial lease agreement, however, this type of provision will often scare off prospective tenants.

If you’re looking to transfer your lease, most agents will request that the new tenant apply as if they were renting any other property as a primary lessee. Be sure that, in addition to their application , the prospective tenant provides documentation like company financials and past rental receipts to support your transfer request. This way, there’s no doubt of their ability to be a reliable tenant.

If you wish to transfer your lease, you must have written consent from your landlord – mere verbal agreement will not suffice. Without your landlords’ express permission in writing, any attempted transfer of lease will be considered null and void. You will then need to fill out a lease assignment agreement, outlining the proposed assignee, current tenant, landlord, and existing lease term.

four colleagues planning a workplace strategy by writing on a clear glass window image at offices.net

Important Things to Keep in Mind

To avoid any unnecessary stress or surprises, it helps to understand your rights and responsibilities before beginning the commercial lease transfer process.

Goals and obligations of the original lessee and new tenant

When considering a lease transfer, it is crucial to first identify the goal you hope to achieve through this deal. Most commercial leases have restrictions on transferring the lease, so before beginning any negotiations, all rights and obligations of the involved parties must be closely analyzed. If everyone’s interests are clear from the start, then agreement upon terms should run much more smoothly.

Starting date of lease assignment

In most cases , tenants need to pay their rent a month before move-in date. Confirm that the party being assigned the lease understands when they are responsible for making their first rent payment, so there are no delayed payments. This is also important for sublease agreements, because existing tenants are often liable for any missed rental payments made by the sublessee.

Pitfalls and consequences

Depending on the terms of the lease transfer and the legal documentation, the original lessee may find themselves responsible for any actions or defaults of the new leaseholder.

As commercial leases often last several years, this could result in a heavy financial burden and significant legal consequences. Careful negotiation at the outset will always lead to a more positive outcome, so it’s important to tick all appropriate procedural and legal boxes when pursuing a commercial lease assignment.

close up of a commercial lease assignment form image at offices.net

Wrapping up

Before you begin subletting or transferring/assigning a lease, be sure that you understand the objectives of both parties and identify the correct method of altering the lease. Both lessors and lessees should also review all clauses in the lease and negotiate based on everyone’s incentives and interests. If there is any confusion about preparing or reviewing documents related to this process, it’s important to consult with legal advisors for the sake of all parties concerned.

Further Insights

Looking for more articles about the US office market and general office matters? You can find a number of recent posts below! Alternatively, if you’re a business or freelancer looking for flexible workspace in the US, we can help to connect you to a wide range of serviced offices and coworking spaces in highly sought-after locations such as New York City , Los Angeles , Houston , Atlanta , Miami , Chicago , and Dallas . You can also call us to have a discussion about your requirements on 972-913-2742 .

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Tags: 2022 , commercial lease assignment , commercial property , guides , landlords , lease transfer , Office Space , subleasing , tenants This entry was posted on Tuesday, November 8th, 2022 at 8:46 am and is filed under 2022 , Business Advice , Leases , Office Talk .

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Commercial Lease Assignment and Sublet Provisions

A balancing act for landlords and tenants, july 2020 by adam f. aldrich.

This article identifies common problems involved in commercial lease transfers through assignments and subleases. It offers both landlords and tenants tips for solving these problems when negotiating assignment and sublease provisions in leases.

The modern commercial lease is a complex, integrated document that attempts to balance the competing interests of the landlord and tenant. As a result, commercial leases are the subject of much negotiation and are never “one size fits all.” In fact, commercial leases are one of the least standardized documents in real estate practice.

When any commercial lease is to be transferred in part through a sublet or in its entirety through an assignment, the issues multiply. The transfer provisions, which once seemed moot, become operative to determine whether the lease can be transferred and, if so, under what conditions. If, during lease negotiations, the parties overlooked the lease transfer provisions or gave them cursory consideration, they may be unpleasantly surprised by the result. While landlords and tenants have divergent economic interests with respect to transferring the lease, their legitimate concerns can be appropriately addressed through thoughtfully crafted transfer provisions.

This article explores common problems, issues, and solutions encountered in commercial lease transfers through assignments and subleases. It is intended to be useful both to the lawyer who infrequently encounters lease transfer problems and the seasoned practitioner who deals with lease transfer issues every day.

Distinguishing Between an Assignment and Sublease

Assignments and subleases have fundamental differences that are frequently misunderstood. A lease is both a conveyance of an interest in property and a contract. 1 After executing the lease, the landlord and tenant are bound to one another by privity of contract and by privity of estate. As a result, they may each enforce the provisions of the written lease through privity of contract and the promises that arise from privity of estate. 2 Privity of contract allows enforcement of the lease provisions, while privity of estate allows enforcement of only those promises that run with the land. 3

Whether the landlord, tenant/assignor, and subtenant/assignee call their arrangement an assignment or a sublease, courts typically look at the substance of the transaction. In an assignment, a tenant transfers its entire interest in the lease. 4 After assigning its interest in the lease, the assignee has privity of estate with the landlord, but the assignee and the landlord are not in privity of contract unless the assignee assumes the tenant’s obligations under the lease. 5 Assignment of the lease ends the original tenant’s rights to possession, but absent an express release under the lease terms, its liability under the lease continues. 6 This means the original tenant remains secondarily liable for the assignee’s obligations under the lease. Thus, the tenant/assignor may find itself liable at a future date if the assignee fails to perform its obligations under the lease.

In a sublease, however, the tenant transfers less than the remaining term or less than the tenant’s entire interest in the lease, leaving the original tenant with a reversionary interest in the lease. 7 The relationship between the original landlord and the original tenant, including both privity of contract and privity of estate, remains intact, thereby creating the relationship of landlord and tenant between the original tenant (sublandlord) and the new tenant (subtenant). The original landlord and the subtenant have no privity of estate or privity of contract with one another, so the original tenant remains liable for the actions and omissions of the subtenant. 8 However, the subtenant’s rights will terminate with the original lease or when the landlord declares a forfeiture of the tenant’s lease term. 9

A third, less common type of transfer is a partial assignment of a lease. Such assignments are called assignments “pro tanto,” not subleases, because they grant possession of a portion of the leased premises to the new tenant for the balance of the lease term. 10 The landlord now has two tenants and, in effect, two leases. There is little guiding case law on this hybrid lease transfer, so it is not entirely clear whether the assignee has a contractual relationship with the landlord. 11 Due to the vagaries and uncertainties that can result when a transfer of possession encompasses less than all of the space, partial assignments should be avoided. To avoid assignments pro tanto, landlords should consider prohibiting assignments of less than the original tenant’s entire interest in the lease. If a landlord proceeds with a partial assignment, it should clearly document the arrangement, including the rights and remedies of the landlord, original tenant, and new tenant, and acknowledge the transaction as a partial assignment and not a sublease. 12

The accompanying table illustrates the many differences between an assignment, sublease, and partial assignment. 13

Restrictions on Assignments and Subleases

Colorado law favors the free transferability of rights. 14 As a result, landlords frequently attempt to limit the tenant’s right to transfer the lease by including lease provisions specifically restricting the tenant’s right to assign or sublet. Under Colorado law, outright prohibitions against assignments are permissible and are not considered invalid restraints on alienation. 15 Even if outright prohibitions on assignments or subletting are enforced, such provisions “are construed against the restriction.” 16 This means a court generally will construe such stipulations “against the party invoking them.” 17 A breach of the restriction against transfer does not terminate the lease, 18 but may give rise to a claim for default. 19 Generally, tenants in commercial leases negotiate exceptions to strict prohibitions against assignments or subletting because transfer provisions may be their only viable exit strategy if they find they can no longer afford the space or no longer need it.

Consent to Assignments and Subleases

Recognizing that absolute prohibitions are neither favored by the courts nor acceptable to most tenants, some landlords include modified prohibitions in their leases that limit the tenant’s rights to transfer the lease and, if a transfer is permitted, allow the landlord to enforce the lease against both the original tenant and the new tenant to the maximum extent possible. Such provisions may reserve to the landlord, either in its sole discretion or without unreasonably withholding its consent, the right to approve a proposed lease transfer. Although the reservation of the landlord’s right to approve a proposed assignment or sublease is for the landlord’s benefit, 20 the landlord is bound to the standards set out in the lease for consents to an assignment or sublease. 21 Accordingly, once the landlord has established the standards for its consent in the lease, it cannot object to a proposed assignment or sublease if the tenant has met the appropriate requirements.

It is well established in Colorado law that “without a freely negotiated provision in the lease giving the landlord an absolute right to withhold consent, a landlord’s decision to withhold consent must be reasonable.” 22 Thus, if a lease contains a provision against subletting or assignment, but is silent on a landlord’s right to withhold consent, Colorado law forbids the landlord from withholding its consent unreasonably if the tenant tenders a suitable subtenant or assignee to the landlord. 23

Disputes often arise as to what is a ‘‘reasonable” withholding of the landlord’s consent. This debate has led to the enunciation of specific standards of reasonableness. If a lease provision “requires that consent to an assignment will not be unreasonably or arbitrarily withheld, a landlord is held to the standard of conduct of a reasonably prudent person.” 24 Therefore, a landlord must only consider “those factors that relate to a landlord’s interest in preserving the value of the property,” 25 which do not include “[a]rbitrary considerations of personal taste, convenience, or sensibility . . . .” 26 Whether a landlord has acted reasonably is a fact-specific inquiry. 27 Most courts have held that the tenant bears the burden of proving that the landlord acted unreasonably in withholding consent, 28 but some courts have required the landlord to prove it acted reasonably. 29 Courts have been divided on a tenant’s right to terminate a lease where the landlord has been found to have unreasonably withheld consent. 30

There are several reliable rules that courts follow in determining whether a landlord acted reasonably. First, a landlord cannot refuse consent for racial or other discriminatory reasons. 31

Second, a landlord may not deny consent to improve its general economic position or to receive increased rent. 32 However, a landlord may deny consent to protect its interest in the value, condition, and operation of the property or the performance of lease covenants. 33 For example, in Cafeteria Operators L.P. v. AMCAP/Denver Limited Partnership , the tenant leased the premises to run a cafeteria-style restaurant. 34 After several failed attempts to operate the restaurant, the tenant marketed the space to prospective subtenants, including non-cafeteria restaurant owners. 35 When a non-cafeteria restaurant owner expressed interest in subleasing the premises, the tenant sought the landlord’s approval to the proposed sublease, but the landlord refused. The Court found that the landlord reasonably withheld consent because the proposed sublessee would have changed the “character” of the shopping center by operating “the largest restaurant of its kind, raising concerns about lighting, maintenance, traffic, and parking.” 36 Moreover, the subtenant would sell alcohol and stay open late, and its proposed occupancy raised “concerns about security, safety of patrons, and parking requirements.” 37 Similarly, the Court in List v. Dahnke found that the landlord reasonably withheld consent where the landlord determined that a Thai-American restaurant operated by the assignee would not be successful at that location, but the Court did not identify the facts that led the landlord to such conclusion. 38

Third, a court may make a finding of unreasonableness if a landlord refuses consent to a proposed transfer without obtaining relevant information to make its decision. 39 Before making the decision, the landlord should obtain sufficient information on the transferee’s financial condition; the transferee’s experience in operating its business; how the premises are to be used; projected sales, gross income, and income per square foot; and, in the case of a sublease, the size of the subleased space. 40

Fourth, courts may consider how long it takes the landlord to make the decision on the requested assignment. If the landlord instantly refuses consent or waits too long to make a decision, the court could make a finding of unreasonableness. 41 Conversely, if the tenant fails to allow the landlord a reasonable amount of time to issue a decision, the withholding of consent can be found reasonable. 42 In Parr v. Triple L&J Corp. , the Court found that the landlord unreasonably withheld consent when it deferred making a decision on the proposed assignment, thereby delaying the sale of the tenant’s business until the prospective buyer withdrew his offer. 43 The tenant sought approval from the landlord for an assignment of the lease as part of the sale of its business. The landlord requested all personal and financial information on the proposed assignee and the assignee’s business plan, and the tenant provided prompt responses that demonstrated the assignee’s experience in restaurant management and “perfect credit score.” 44 Because the landlord unreasonably withheld consent, the landlord was held liable to the tenant under a breach of contract theory, as well as for lost profits on the sale of its business. 45

Similarly, the Court in Bert Bidwell Investors Corp. v. LaSalle and Schiffer, P.C. addressed whether the landlord unreasonably withheld consent to the tenant’s request to transfer the lease where the assignee was “ready, willing, and able to assume the lease as written, and to use the premises for the same business as that of the tenants.” 46 The landlord ultimately refused consent because it “didn’t like” the proposed assignee. 47 Based on the lease, which required the landlord’s consent to assign, the landlord argued that it “had the right to relet the premises as it saw fit and to be arbitrary in doing so.” 48 Relying on List , the Court found that the landlord acted unreasonably in refusing to accept the proposed new tenant. 49 Nevertheless, parties may create their own standards and definition of reasonableness, and if they do, courts will enforce and apply such standards. 50

As these cases illustrate, if a landlord wishes to withhold consent absent a sole and unconditional contractual right to do so, it must have fact-based reasons for doing so and cannot arbitrarily withhold or delay its consent. The landlord should communicate its decision in writing to the tenant and enumerate all fact-based reasons to preserve all arguments for reasonableness. 51 Before making the request to assign or sublet the premises, the tenant should gather information about the proposed assignee’s or subtenant’s financial status, business acumen, and proposed operations, and then submit this information to the landlord, along with an assignment or sublease document signed by the tenant and assignee or subtenant. While the landlord must still consent to the transaction, 52 such documentation places the tenant in a stronger position to rebut any superficial or arbitrary reasons the landlord may proffer for denying consent. And if litigation ensues, it will be critical for the tenant’s case to show that it supplied the landlord with as much information as possible concerning the assignee’s or subtenant’s financial status and operations, to avoid having the trier of fact determine that the landlord acted reasonably in denying consent due to a lack of information from the tenant.

Recapture, Termination, and Renewal Rights

Leases may grant the landlord the right to terminate the lease and to retake the tenant’s space if the tenant wishes to assign its lease or sublet its space, or if the tenant transfers the lease without the landlord’s consent. Replacing the tenant by recapturing the premises can benefit both the landlord and the tenant, but each party will want to weigh the pros and cons of such an agreement.

Terminating the lease allows the landlord to eliminate existing lease weaknesses and to enter into a new lease with a potentially better tenant on a clean slate. Moreover, recapturing the premises and directly leasing it to the proposed assignee can save the landlord substantial dollars in tenant improvements that can be passed on to the new tenant through reduced or free rent for a portion of the lease term. But the landlord must pay close attention to market conditions before terminating the lease. Terminating the lease in a strong market when space is at a premium and rents are high allows the landlord to enter into a new lease with a new tenant at a higher rate, but the landlord may take a loss on its investment in the premises in a down market when rates are depressed and there is an oversupply of space.

The tenant, on the other hand, risks losing its investment in its business and the leased premises. Before requesting a transfer, the tenant should closely scrutinize the lease to determine the potential outcome. Under some leases, the act of notifying the landlord of an intent to assign or sublet can trigger the recapture provision. 53 Similarly, if the lease is assigned without the landlord’s consent, it may trigger the recapture right if that right is expressly provided in the lease. 54 Landlords should closely review the recapture language before terminating the lease because restraints on alienation and lease forfeitures are disfavored. 55

When a tenant violates the transfer provisions by transferring the lease without the landlord’s consent, the landlord should send a notice of default to the tenant and demand that the default be cured by nullifying the transfer, 56 unless the lease provides that transferring the lease is an automatic termination. If the tenant is unable to nullify the transfer when it receives the notice, it could be liable for default damages incurred by the landlord. 57 If the tenant does not cure the default and the landlord will not approve (and has the right not to approve) the assignee or subtenant, the landlord may terminate the lease (or the tenant’s right to possession) if the lease so permits. 58 If the landlord fails to terminate the lease 59 or accepts rent after breach of the anti-assignment clause, 60 it may be deemed to have waived the right to terminate. Once the lease is terminated as a result of the default, the landlord must consider its duty to mitigate damages. 61

If the space is recaptured and the lease terminated, the tenant’s lease obligations will be terminated with respect to all recaptured space, including the payment of rent. 62 Moreover, the tenant will no longer have privity of contract or estate with the landlord, assignee, or subtenant because the lease will be terminated as to the tenant. 63 If the landlord recaptures the premises, the tenant is spared the rent expense while it finds a transferee. But if the landlord does not recapture, the tenant can make a transfer without fear that the landlord will then exercise its recapture rights.

Another important issue is whether an option to renew contained in a lease assigned or subleased to a third party remains exercisable following the transfer. If the assigned lease gives the original tenant a renewal option, the assignee can extend the term unless the renewal option is reserved from the assignment. 64 If a tenant/sublandlord grants its subtenant an option to renew based on the tenant’s option in the prime lease, the subtenant is dependent on the tenant/sublandlord for a lease extension because it does not have contractual privity with the landlord. 65 If the tenant/sublandlord refuses to exercise its renewal option so as to enable the subtenant to take advantage of the rights that were granted to it, the tenant may be liable to the subtenant. 66 To protect its option to renew, the subtenant should request or require a recognition agreement from the landlord when negotiating a sublease, whereby the landlord agrees to recognize the sublease if the prime lease terminates due to the tenant/sublandlord’s default. 67

The Impact of Bankruptcy Proceedings on Assignments and Subleases

Bankruptcy laws can have a significant impact on commercial leases when the tenant files for bankruptcy protection. Generally, a trustee is appointed to administer the bankruptcy estate, except in Chapter 11 cases where the debtor-in-possession is the tenant. 68 For debtors with executory contracts and/or unexpired leases, 11 USC § 365 contains a series of rules that govern those documents. Section 365 of the bankruptcy code provides the tenant/debtor with the statutory right to assume or reject executory contracts and unexpired leases to which it is a party, subject to objections by creditors and other parties-in-interest, and ultimately the court’s approval. 69 The debtor may, in turn, assign the lease if the assignee provides “adequate assurance of future performance.” 70 During the period between filing the bankruptcy petition and the date on which the lease is assumed or rejected, the tenant must continue to pay rent and perform the material terms of the lease. 71 It should be noted that written waivers of § 362’s automatic stay have been found to be unenforceable unless they are part of a previous bankruptcy proceeding. 72 Thus, landlords should not assume that a waiver in the lease is enforceable if the tenant files for bankruptcy.

From the debtor’s perspective, the right to reject the lease is “vital to the basic purpose of Chapter 11” because it can free the tenant from the obligation to pay all future rent under the lease. 73 If a lease is rejected with bankruptcy court approval, the debtor has no legal interest in the lease or the leased premises, and it must vacate the leased premises. If, however, the debtor fails to vacate the premises, the landlord can file a motion to lift the automatic stay so it can file or continue an eviction action in state court. If the debtor rejects the lease, the landlord may have a claim for “rejection damages” pursuant to 11 USC § 502(b)(6), subject to the mitigation-of-damages duty. 74

As a condition to assuming the lease, the debtor must cure all monetary defaults and provide adequate assurances of future performance under the lease. 75 A debtor who assumes the lease may be able to assign the lease free of restrictions on transfer set forth in the lease and over the landlord’s objection, 76 which may turn out to be a significant right for the debtor if it holds a below-market lease with sufficient time remaining on the lease term. However, a bankruptcy court has discretion to reject an assignment if it finds, for example, that the assignment would disrupt the tenant mix by changing the image of a shopping center or violating the use restriction in the lease. 77 A landlord may favorably view the debtor’s assumption because it assures continuation of the lease and the cure of existing defaults. But if the tenant is holding a below-market lease, the landlord may favor rejection to enable it to negotiate a new lease. A landlord may object to the debtor’s attempted lease assumption if the landlord disagrees with the debtor’s plan to cure the default or believes the debtor has not provided adequate assurance that the default will be cured or the debtor will perform in the future.

Section 365(b)(3)(C) of the bankruptcy code provides specific protections for “a lease of real property in a shopping center” by providing that no assignment can occur without assurances that use clauses and other provisions vital to the operation of the shopping center will continue to be performed, “including (but not limited to) provisions such as a radius, location, use, or exclusivity provision, and will not breach any such provision contained in any other lease, financing agreement, or master agreement relating to such shopping center.” The purpose of § 365(b)(3)(C) “is to preserve the landlord’s bargained-for protections with respect to premises use and other matters that are spelled out in the lease with the debtor-tenant.” 78 Moreover, § 365(b)(3)(D) requires adequate assurance “that assumption or assignment of such lease will not disrupt any tenant mix or balance in such shopping center.” Despite the bankruptcy code’s language protecting shopping centers, some bankruptcy courts have found lease provisions that limit the use of the shopping center premises to be per se restraints on alienation. 79 To avoid an adverse ruling if a shopping center tenant files for bankruptcy, a landlord should arm itself with as much evidence and expert testimony as possible to show a disruption in tenant mix or a real potential for violating other tenants’ rights if an assignment is allowed. 80

While a tenant’s bankruptcy filing places the lease in limbo, a landlord can be proactive by approaching the tenant to determine whether it intends to reject or assume the lease. Landlords and tenants should not treat the existing lease as a static document that presents the tenant with a “take it or leave it” proposition for assumption. If the tenant voices concerns about the current lease, the landlord can renegotiate the lease to entice the tenant to assume a modified lease (subject to court approval) that keeps the tenant in the premises and paying rent.

Negotiating Lease Transfer Provisions

Negotiating lease transfer provisions is an important process for both the landlord and the tenant because, at some time in the future, the landlord or the tenant may be forced to accept a previously unknown or undesirable counterparty to the lease. It is critical that attorneys impress upon their respective clients the short-term and long-term ramifications that could result from their negotiations of the lease transfer provisions. Landlords and tenants should consider the following issues when negotiating assignment and subletting provisions.

The Landlord’s Perspective

The landlord’s primary objective in negotiating assignment and subleasing provisions is control , including control over the mix of tenants and control over the use of the leased premises. Thus, the landlord will use the transfer provisions to protect its interests in the premises.
A landlord’s foremost concern is almost always the tenant’s ability to pay rent, in full, on a timely basis. A landlord should negotiate requirements that a prospective assignee or subtenant must meet, such as minimum net worth and minimum gross sales.
The landlord can protect itself by including a right to recapture the premises if a tenant seeks to assign its lease or to sublet its premises. However, landlords should carefully consider whether to include language that terminates the lease automatically upon receipt of an assignment request because it could constitute a restraint on alienation, which is disfavored, and the landlord may prefer the leasehold to continue. 81
The landlord should keep the original tenant on the hook. Landlords should oppose any transfer provision that relieves the original tenant of its obligations under the lease upon an assignment. Having a tenant with a vested interest in the assignee’s ability to perform the lease is helpful to ensure that a lease is transferred to a worthy transferee. Additionally, in the event the assignee does default, if the original tenant’s liability has been preserved, the landlord’s chances of recovery are improved.
The landlord should limit the use rights of a subsequent assignee or subtenant. A landlord should seek to protect its right to control the mix of tenants, particularly in retail settings, so as not to violate exclusive use provisions. 82 Moreover, exclusives and use restrictions held by other tenants at a shopping center must be considered in conjunction with a potential change in use that may occur upon assignment or subletting.
The landlord should seek to share in excess rent. 83 For example, where a tenant assigns its lease or subleases its premises, it may be paid more than the amount the tenant is obligated to pay the landlord under the lease. If the assignment or sublease had not been entered into, those same financial accommodations would theoretically have been available to the landlord if it had leased directly to the assignee or subtenant. Accordingly, a landlord should seek the right to share in this excess financial consideration along with the tenant, or if it has the leverage, to obtain 100% of such excess.

The Tenant’s Perspective

The tenant’s goal is maintaining flexibility. The tenant’s ability to maintain flexibility through the lease largely depends on its leverage to negotiate favorable lease terms. A new business seeking space in a desirable retail shopping center may have little or no leverage to negotiate the transfer provisions, but a large corporation leasing significant space may have considerable negotiating strength. Thus, it is imperative that the tenant’s leasing broker and attorney understand the market forces at play in any lease negotiation.
The tenant should seek flexibility to share the leased premises or certain portions of it (i.e., floor space, utilities, and parking) with its related entities and affiliates with which it has a business relationship, without having to seek the landlord’s consent in each instance. This issue is particularly important for large companies with divisions that operate under different business names.
The tenant should also seek flexibility to restructure its organization without the landlord and the lease acting as an impediment to such alteration, by negotiating into the lease specific language permitting such changes. The tenant’s ability to reorganize its business, either through a merger, consolidation, or sale, could be delayed or impeded by the landlord under the transfer provisions if these provisions are not properly negotiated at the letter of intent stage or before the lease is executed.
The tenant should maintain an exit strategy if the premises no longer satisfy its business needs because it has outgrown the space or needs less space. This is particularly important in the era of COVID-19. For example, start-up companies can quickly outgrow their leased premises, but if the landlord does not have more space available, the company must seek out new or additional space, frequently at a higher rate. Conversely, a change in economic forces can cause the tenant’s business to quickly retract. Thus, prospective tenants should be mindful to negotiate termination and rights of first refusal options for newly available space in the same building, with the end goal of ensuring that the size of their leased space does not impair their business objectives. 84
The tenant should insist that the landlord’s right to approve a lease transfer not be unreasonably withheld, if the landlord insists on reserving such right. The lease should detail the specific standards the tenant must meet to obtain approval, such as the transferee’s minimum net worth and minimum business experience.
Counsel for the tenant should attempt to include a provision for automatically releasing the tenant and any guarantor from further liability at the time of the lease transfer or after the transfer occurs if the assignee or sublessee can meet or exceed certain financial marks, such as net worth, sales, or revenue.
The tenant should negotiate (1) the right to revoke a transfer request during a defined period after the landlord issues a notice to terminate and recapture the premises, and (2) a reasonable period to vacate the premises before the tenant will be subject to eviction proceedings if the tenant does not revoke the transfer request. Where the landlord insists on a termination and recapture provision, this rescission right provides a tenant the flexibility to stop the recapture process according to the tenant’s particular circumstances and commercial exigencies.

The relationships established between the parties to a lease, sublease, or assignment can be complicated. While the ability to transfer the lease can be a valuable tool for the tenant, the landlord’s interest in protecting its investment by choosing its occupants is equally compelling. However, a balance can be struck that provides the tenant the flexibility it needs while preserving the landlord’s control and minimizing its risk. During lease negotiations, both parties should recognize that changing circumstances during the lease term could trigger the need to assign the lease or sublet the premises. If thoughtful attention is given to negotiating the transfer provisions, the parties can assure themselves that, if the need arises to transfer the lease, their respective interests will be reasonably protected.

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Adam F. Aldrich is the founder of Aldrich Legal, LLC, a Denver-based law firm focused on real estate and business transactions and litigation—(303) 325-5683. Coordinating Editor: Christopher D. Bryan .

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1 . Schneiker v. Gordon , 732 P.2d 603, 606 (Colo. 1987) (recognizing the “dual nature of a lease” as both a contract and a conveyance of an interest in land).

2 . Id. at 606–07.

3 . Shaffer v. George , 171 P. 881, 882 (Colo. 1917).

4 . Gordon Inv. Co. v. Jones , 227 P.2d 336, 340 (Colo. 1951).

5 . Shaffer , 171 P. at 882.

6 . Roget v. Grand Pontiac, Inc. , 5 P.3d 341, 345 (Colo.App. 1999) (“after the assignment, the assignee becomes primarily liable for the obligations under the contract, while the assignor remains secondarily liable”).

7 . Gordon Inv. Co. , 227 P.2d at 340.

8 . J.E. Martin, Inc. v. Interstate 8th St. , 585 P.2d 299, 301 (Colo.App. 1978) (“the delegation of duties under a lease and their assumption by a third person do not absolve the original lessee, absent the lessor’s knowledge and consent, simply by virtue of the conduct of the lessee and third party”). See also 1 Friedman and Randolph Jr., Friedman on Leases § 7:7.2 (Practising Law Institute 5th ed. 2013).

9 . V.O.B. Co. v. Hang It Up, Inc. , 691 P.2d 1157, 1159 (Colo.App. 1984).

10 . Friedman and Randolph Jr. , supra note 8 at § 7:4.2.

11 . Barbuti, “Assignments Pro Tanto And Why To Avoid Them,” 22 The Practical Real Estate Lawyer 24, 24–25 (Sept. 2006).

12 . Id. at 24.

13 . Id. at 23 (reprinted in part).

14 . Parrish Chiropractic Ctrs., P.C. v. Progressive Cas. Ins. Co. , 874 P.2d 1049, 1052 (Colo. 1994) (“Contract rights generally are assignable, except where assignment is prohibited by contract or by operation of law or where the contract involves a matter of personal trust or confidence”).

15 . Union Oil Co. of Cal. v. Lindauer , 280 P.2d 444, 447 (Colo. 1955). See also Malouff v. Midland Fed. Sav. and Loan Ass’n , 509 P.2d 1240, 1243 (Colo. 1973) (recognizing that “[t]he common law doctrine of restraints on alienation is a part of the law in Colorado”).

16 . Friedman and Randolph Jr., supra note 8 at § 7:3.3. See also Malouff , 509 P.2d at 1243 (holding “that the question of the invalidity of a restraint depends upon its reasonableness in view of the justifiable interests of the parties”).

17 . Beck v. Giordano , 356 P.2d 264, 265 (Colo. 1960).

18 . Lindauer , 280 P.2d at 447.

19 . Fink v. Montgomery Elevator Co. of Colo. , 421 P.2d 735, 738 (Colo. 1966).

20 . Routt Cty. Mining Co. v Stutheit , 72 P.2d 692, 693 (Colo. 1937).

21 . Parr v. Triple L & J Corp. , 107 P.3d 1104 (Colo.App. 2004).

22 . Cafeteria Operators L.P. v. AMCAP/Denver Ltd. P’ship , 972 P.2d 276, 278 (Colo.App. 1998).

23 . Id. See also Basnett v. Vista Vill. Mobile Home Park , 699 P.2d 1343, 1346 (Colo.App. 1984) (holding that a landlord may not unreasonably refuse consent under a silent consent clause because that result “incorporates the principles of fair-dealing and reasonableness and also preserves freedom of contract”), rev’d on other grounds , 731 P.2d 700 (Colo. 1987).

24 . List v. Dahnke , 638 P.2d 824, 825 (Colo.App. 1981).

25 . Cafeteria Operators L.P. , 972 P.2d at 279.

26 . List , 638 P.2d at 825.

28 . Ring v. Mpath Interactive, Inc. , 302 F.Supp.2d 301, 305 (S.D.N.Y. 2004); Toys “R” Us, Inc., No. 88 C 10349, 1995 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14878 at *111 (N.D.Ill. Sept. 29, 1995); Restatement (Second) of Prop.—Landlord and Tenant § 15.2 cmt. g (American Law Inst. 1976).

29 . E.g., Campbell v. Westdahl , 715 P.2d 288, 293 (Ariz.Ct.App. 1985).

30 . Friedman and Randolph Jr., supra note 8 at § 7:3.4 (citing cases).

31 . Cent. Bus. Coll. v. Rutherford , 107 P. 279, 280 (Colo. 1910); List , 638 P.2d at 825 (dictum).

32 . Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc. , 709 P.2d 837, 845 (Cal. 1985).

33 . Id. at 845. See also Econ. Rentals, Inc. v. Garcia , 819 P.2d 1306, 1317 (N.M. 1991).

34 . Cafeteria Operators L.P. , 972 P.2d at 277.

36 . Id. at 279.

38 . List , 638 P.2d at 825.

39 . Toys “R” Us, Inc. , U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14878 at *124 (landlord’s refusal before it has relevant information that should be obtained in making the consent decision may be unreasonable).

40 . Shaffer, The Sublease and Assignment Deskbook at 80–81 (American Bar Ass’n 2d ed. 2016).

41 . Compare Parr , 107 P.3d at 1107 (affirming trial court’s ruling that the landlord unreasonably withheld consent where the landlord delayed consent, which caused the proposed assignees to withdraw their offer to purchase the business) with Toys “R” Us, Inc. , 1995 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14878 at *124 (landlord’s refusal before it has relevant information that should be obtained in making the consent decision may be unreasonable).

42 . Fahrenwald v. LaBonte , 653 P.2d 806, 811 (Idaho Ct.App. 1982).

43 . Parr , 107 P.3d at 1106.

45 . Id. at 1107.

46 . Bert Bidwell Inv. Corp. v. LaSalle and Schiffer , P.C., 797 P.2d 811 (Colo.App. 1990).

47 . Id. at 811.

48 . Id. at 812.

50 . Toys “R” Us, Inc. , 1995 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14878 at *115 (citations omitted) (“where a lease contains provisions giving further meaning to a reasonableness clause, the standard of reasonableness varies”); Shaffer, supra note 40 at 80–81.

51 . Golden Eye, LTC v. Fame Co. , No. 0603166/2007, 2008 N.Y. Misc 8571 at *16 (N.Y. Gen Term Jan. 16, 2008) (“the Court may not determine reasonableness if withholding consent is based on grounds that were not included in the letter refusing consent”).

52 . Shaffer, supra note 40 at 74–75.

53 . Carma Developers (Cal.), Inc. v. Marathon Dev. Cal., Inc. , 826 P.2d 710 (Cal. 1992).

54 . Lindauer , 280 P.2d at 447.

55 . Murphy v. Traynor , 135 P.2d 230, 231 (Colo. 1943).

56 . Shoemaker v. Shaug , 490 P.2d 439, 441 (Wash.Ct.App. 1971) (finding that the tenant was not in default of the anti-assignment provision because it could reassign the lease back to itself).

57 . La Casa Nino, Inc. v. Plaza Esteban , 762 P.2d 669, 672 (Colo. 1988) (citing Schneiker v. Gordon , 732 P.2d 603 (Colo. 1987)).

58 . Gordon Inv. Co. , 227 P.2d at 260–61 (tenant’s subletting was held a breach that permitted landlord to terminate the lease).

59 . Shakey’s Inc. v. Caple , 855 F.Supp. 1035, 1043–44 (E.D.Ark. 1994) (holding that the landlord was estopped from terminating a lease on account of an unapproved sublease because the landlord did not act promptly).

60 . Merkowitz v. Mahoney , 121 Colo. 38, 42 (Colo. 1949) (“It is the general rule that any act done by a landlord, with knowledge of an existing right of forfeiture, which recognizes the existence of the lease is a waiver of the right to enforce the forfeiture”); Werner v. Baker , 693 P.2d 385, 387 (Colo.App. 1984) (“the lessor’s acceptance of rent accruing after the breach of an anti-assignment clause, with knowledge of the breach, constitutes a waiver of the right to terminate the lease for breach of that clause”). Cf. Nouri v. Wester & Co. , 833 P.2d 848, 851 (Colo.App. 1992) (holding that waiver of conditions against assignment by accepting rent did not carry over to other provisions in the lease).

61 . La Casa Nino, Inc. , 762 P.2d at 672.

62 . Carma Developers (Cal.), Inc. , 826 P.2d 710.

63 . Schneiker , 732 P.2d at 611.

64 . Friedman and Randolph Jr., supra note 8 at §§ 7:5.1 and 7:7.1.

65 . Tiger Crane Martial Arts Inc. v. Franchise Stores Realty Corp. , 235 A.D.2d 994, 995 (N.Y.App.Div. 1997) (“It is well settled that where, as here, a sublease is expressly made subject to the terms of a master lease, the subtenant has no legal right to compel the tenant to exercise an option for renewal of the entire demised premises in order to permit the subtenant to exercise an option for renewal of its subleased premises, absent proof of an agreement on the part of the tenant to exercise its option to renew for the benefit of the subtenant or evidence of special circumstances entitling the subtenant to such relief”).

66 . Burgess Pic-Pac, Inc. v. Fleming Cos. , 190 W. Va. 169, 175 (W.Va. 1993) (discussing liability of sublandlord to subtenant for failure to exercise renewal option after request from subtenant).

67 . Senn, Commercial Real Estate Leases: Preparation, Negotiation, and Forms , § 13.14 (Wolters Kluwer 6th ed. 2019).

68 . 11 USC § 1107.

69 . 11 USC § 365(a).

70 . 11 USC § 365(f)(2)(B).

71 . 11 USC § 365(d)(3).

72 . In re DB Capital Holdings, LLC , 454 B.R. 804, 816 (Bankr. D.Colo. 2011) (“waivers, unless they were part of a previous bankruptcy proceeding . . . should not be enforced”).

73 . NLRB v. Bildisco & Bildisco , 465 U.S. 513, 528 (1984); 11 USC § 502(b)(6).

74 . In re Shane Co. , 464 B.R. 32, 38–41 (Bankr. D.Colo. 2012) (discussing damages claim under 11 USC § 502(b)(6)).

75 . 11 USC § 365(b)(1).

76 . 11 USC § 365(f); In re Bricker Systems, Inc. , 44 B.R. 952 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 1984) (recognizing that § 365(f) invalidates restrictions on assignment of contracts or leases by a debtor or trustee and allows assignment of assumed contracts at a later date).

77 . In re Federated Dep’t Stores, Inc. , 135 B.R. 941 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1991); In re Martin Paint Stores , 199 B.R. 258 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1996), aff’d , S. Blvd., Inc. v. Martin Paint Stores , 207 B.R. 57 (S.D.N.Y. 1997).

78 . In re Trak Auto Corp. , 367 F.3d 237, 244 (4th Cir. 2004) (internal citation omitted).

79 . In re Bradlee Stores, Inc. , No. 00-16033, 2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14755 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 20, 2001) (holding that restriction on assignment violated the anti-assignment provisions of § 365(f)); In re Rickel Home Ctrs., Inc. , 240 B.R. 826, 832 (D.Del. 1998) (striking restrictive use provision).

80 . In re Trak Auto Group , 367 F.3d at 242 (enforcing use provision concerning the sale of automobile parts and accessories in shopping center lease); In re J. Peterman Co. , 232 B.R. 366 (Bankr. E.D.Ky. 1999) (rejecting assignment of shopping center lease where proposed assignment would violate radius restriction in lease and assignee did not sell similar merchandise as the original tenant). But see In re Toys “R” Us, Inc. , 587 B.R. 304, 307 (Bankr. E.D.Va. 2018) (overruling landlord’s objection to the debtor’s assignment on the grounds that it would violate the exclusivity provision of another lease in the shopping center and would disrupt the shopping center’s tenant mix and balance).

81 . Friedman and Randolph Jr., supra note 8 at § 7:1.1.

82 . In re Ames Dept. Stores, Inc. , 127 B.R. 744, 752–54 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1991) (discussing rights of landlord to protect the tenant mix at the shopping center in the context of the lease and a subsequent bankruptcy filing of the tenant).

83 . Carma Developers (Cal.), Inc. , 826 P.2d 710 (upholding the landlord’s contractual right to capture excess rent).

84 . For an interesting discussion on the assignability of rights of first refusal, see Mitchell, “Can a Right of First Refusal Be Assigned?” 985 U. Chi. L. Rev. (2001).

As these cases illustrate, if a landlord wishes to withhold consent absent a sole and unconditional contractual right to do so, it must have fact-based reasons for doing so and cannot arbitrarily withhold or delay consent.


Space	All the space	All or less than all the space	Less than all the space
Privity of estate	Assignee has privity of estate as to all the space	Subtenant never has privity of estate	Privity of estate but only as to the space assigned
Privity of contract	Depends on whether assignee has “assumed the lease”	Subtenant does not “assume” the lease	Depends on whether assignee has “assumed the lease”
Rent	Assignee liable for all underlying rent and additional sums payable to tenant/assignor	Subtenant only liable for rent specified in the sublease	Assignee liable for a share of the underlying rent under the prime lease and for additional sums payable to tenant/assignor
Term	Entire balance of term of prime lease	At least one day less than balance of term of prime lease	Entire balance of term of prime lease, but only as to the portion of the premises so assigned
Landlord’s remedies for rent	May sue assignee for all rent and may sue tenant/assignor for all rent	May not sue subtenant for rent; may only sue tenant/sublandlord for rent	May sue assignee for its pro rata share; may sue tenant/assignor for all rent
Landlord’s remedies for possession	May evict assignee for breach of lease	May evict subtenant if prime lease provision is breached by tenant/sublandlord or by subtenant	May evict assignee from its portion of the space for breach of lease
Tenant’s remedies for breach by transferee	May sue assignee for damages, but not to recover possession or for rent	May sue subtenant for rent and for recovery of possession	May sue partial assignee for damages, but not to recover possession or for rent
Transferee’s liability	Assignee’s liability for rent ends when it assigns the lease to another and no longer has privity of estate	Subtenant’s liability to sublandlord does not end if subtenant assigns or further sublets (i.e., privity of contract)	Partial assignee’s liability for rent ends when it assigns its interest to another and no longer has privity of estate

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Navigating the world of lease assignment agreements: what you need to know.

Are you planning to lease a property but need to transfer the lease to someone else? Or are you interested in taking over an existing lease for your business or personal use? If so, then understanding the world of Lease Assignment Agreements is crucial. A Lease Assignment Agreement allows for the transfer of a tenant’s rights and obligations under their existing lease agreement. However, navigating this process can be complex and overwhelming without proper information and guidance. In this blog post, we’ll provide you with everything you need to know about Lease Assignment Agreements – from what they are and their different types to their benefits and risks. So let’s dive in!

What is a lease assignment agreement?

A lease assignment agreement is a legal document that allows a tenant to transfer their lease rights and obligations to another party . This means that the new tenant takes over the existing lease, including any remaining time on it, and assumes all responsibilities outlined in the original agreement .

This type of agreement is commonly used when a tenant needs to move out before their lease expires or when someone wants to take over an existing lease for business purposes. The landlord must agree to this transfer by signing off on the Lease Assignment Agreement .

It’s important to note that a Lease Assignment Agreement differs from subletting because in subleasing, the original tenant still retains some control over the property while in an assignment, they give up all rights and responsibilities.

A Lease Assignment Agreement can be beneficial for both parties involved – as long as everything is clearly defined and agreed upon beforehand.

What are the different types of lease assignment agreements?

When it comes to lease assignment agreements , there are different types that you should be aware of. The most common ones include the following:

1. Absolute Assignment: This type of lease assignment agreement involves the transfer of all rights and interests in a leased property from one party (the assignor) to another (the assignee). The assignee takes over all obligations and responsibilities related to the lease .

2. Sublease Agreement: A sublease agreement is an arrangement where the original tenant sublets their space to a new tenant for a portion or entirety of the remaining term on their lease. In this case, both parties must agree with any changes made regarding rent, utilities, maintenance expenses etc.

3. Partial Assignment: This occurs when only part of the leased property’s rights and interest is transferred from one party to another. The partial assignment does not release the assignor from their obligation towards future liabilities under the original terms agreed upon in leasing contract .

4. Assumption Agreement: In this type of lease assignment agreement, one party agrees to take responsibility for fulfilling obligations owed by another party if they default on payment or other obligations specified in leasing contract .

Understanding these various types will help you make informed decisions about which option suits your needs best before signing any legal documents associated with Lease Assignment Agreements

What are the benefits of a lease assignment agreement?

A lease assignment agreement is a legal document that allows a tenant to transfer their leasehold interest in a property to another party. This type of agreement offers several benefits for both the tenant and the new assignee.

Firstly, for tenants looking to exit their lease early, an assignment agreement can help avoid hefty penalties or fees imposed by landlords for breaking a lease . By assigning their lease to another party, tenants can fulfill their contractual obligations while also finding someone else to take over their remaining rent payments .

On the other hand, assignees benefit from being able to acquire an existing lease without having to go through lengthy negotiations with landlords. Additionally, they may be able to secure more favorable terms than if they were starting from scratch on a new rental agreement .

For landlords, allowing assignments can reduce vacancy periods and ensure consistent cash flow as new tenants move in seamlessly when old ones leave. It also saves time and resources since there is no need for extensive screening of prospective tenants.

A well-executed lease assignment agreement presents numerous advantages for all parties involved in the transaction.

What are the risks of a lease assignment agreement?

Entering into a lease assignment agreement comes with its own set of risks that both the assignor and assignee should consider before signing on the dotted line . One of the biggest risks is liability for any outstanding rent payments or damages to the property.

If the original tenant fails to pay rent or causes damage to the property, then both parties could be held responsible under the terms of some lease assignment agreements. This means that even if you are not directly at fault, you could still end up facing legal action for unpaid rent or repairs.

Another potential risk is losing control over who occupies your leased space. In some cases, landlords may require approval before allowing a new tenant to assume a lease agreement . If this approval isn’t granted and you’ve already assigned your lease to someone else without permission, then both parties could face eviction as a result.

There’s always a risk involved in giving up your rights as an original tenant when you sign onto an assignment agreement. You’ll be relinquishing control over how long your business stays in one location and what happens once it moves out – which can impact everything from future expansion plans to overall financial stability.

How to prepare for a lease assignment agreement?

Preparing for a lease assignment agreement is an important step in ensuring a smooth and successful transfer of your lease rights to another party. Here are some steps you should take to prepare for the process:

1. Review your current lease agreement: Before entering into a lease assignment agreement, it’s essential to review your existing lease terms carefully. Ensure that you understand all clauses related to assignments, subletting or transfers.

2. Communicate with the landlord: Contacting your landlord early on can help avoid any misunderstandings later on during the process. You may need their approval before assigning the lease, so keep them informed throughout.

3. Identify potential assignees: Determine who you want to assign the lease too and ensure they meet all necessary requirements set out by both the landlord and existing lease agreement .

4. Negotiate terms with assignee: Once you’ve identified potential assignees, negotiate terms such as rent payments and security deposits if needed.

5. Draft an Assignment Agreement: Work with legal counsel or use online resources like templates from professional associations where possible, ensuring that all parties agree upon its contents before finalizing it.

Preparing well for a Lease Assignment Agreement can be complex depending on various factors involved but following these steps will help make it easier and more manageable !

How to execute a lease assignment agreement?

Executing a lease assignment agreement is the final step in transferring your lease to a new tenant. Before you sign on the dotted line, make sure you have all your ducks in a row.

Firstly, review the terms of your existing lease and ensure that they are clear and concise. This includes any clauses regarding subletting or assigning the lease. You should also check for any restrictions that may prevent you from assigning the lease without landlord approval.

Next, identify potential tenants who may be interested in taking over your lease. Once you’ve found someone suitable, it’s time to negotiate terms with them directly or through an attorney.

Once both parties agree on terms such as rent payments and security deposits, it’s time to draft up an assignment agreement document. This document should include details about both parties involved along with signatures from each party acknowledging their understanding of its contents.

Submit this executed agreement along with other necessary documents such as consent forms from landlords and financial statements to complete the transfer process smoothly.

To sum it up, a lease assignment agreement is an essential document that plays a crucial role in transferring the rights and obligations of the lessee to another party. As we have discussed in this article, there are different types of lease assignment agreements with benefits and risks involved.

To navigate the world of lease assignment agreements successfully, one must prepare adequately by reviewing the original lease agreement thoroughly and seeking legal advice if necessary. Proper execution of the agreement is also crucial to ensure that all parties understand their responsibilities.

Understanding how a lease assignment agreement works can help you make informed decisions when dealing with leases. Whether you’re a landlord or tenant looking to transfer your interests in a property, always remember to be cautious and seek professional guidance throughout the process.

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What is a Lease Assignment?

A lease assignment is when your landlord legally transfers your interest in an apartment lease over to another tenant who will live there in your place..

A lease assignment, often called a lease takeover or a lease transfer, is the legal term for when your landlord allows you to pass responsibility for your apartment to another tenant. The new tenant, your assignee, becomes the tenant under the lease agreement instead of you. They pay the rent directly to the landlord and are treated as the tenant in every other way.

The catch with lease assignments is that you aren't always completely released from liability under the lease, so if the assignee defaults then the landlord might come after you for that rent. If the lease is joint and several (which most residential leases are) then they could also come after you for the rent if one of the other tenants on the lease were to default.

In general you will need the consent of everyone involved in the assignment in order to pull off a lease assignment: the landlord, you and your assignee. Your master lease or the assignment agreement that your landlord suggests might also require the approval of any cotenants, so look out for that.

Once you've found the right tenant to assign your lease to you can draw up an assignment agreement and ask your landlord and the new tenant to sign it.

The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice.

Subleasing and Assignment Provisions in Commercial Leases

June 17, 2020

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, many business owners paid little attention to subleasing and assignment provisions when negotiating commercial leases . It was common to focus on rent, maintenance, taxes, and insurance, which affect a tenant’s bottom line, and options to renew the lease if the business thrives. Recently, however, one of the top concerns of commercial tenants is flexibility in case they no longer need to use a portion, or all, of the leased space. In this context, subleasing and assignment provisions are key deal terms.

The Difference Between Subleasing and Assignment

A sublease does not alter the relationship between the landlord and the tenant, who remains liable for all of the tenant’s obligations under the lease. However, the tenant enters into a subordinate lease (the sublease) with a subtenant regarding a portion, or all, of the leased space. After a sublease is signed, the landlord interacts with the tenant, and the tenant interacts with the subtenant.

An assignment alters the relationship between the landlord and the tenant by assigning the tenant’s rights and obligations from the first tenant (the assignor) to the second tenant (the assignee). The assignee steps into the shoes of the assignor, and has a direct contractual relationship with the landlord. After an assignment of the lease, the landlord interacts directly with the assignee.

Important Deal Points Regarding Subleasing and Assignment

Leases may include many provisions regarding subleasing and assignment. Some of the most common issues include the following:

In what circumstances is landlord consent required? Leases typically require the landlord’s consent for any sublease or assignment. However, some leases have different provisions for special circumstances, such as subleasing or assignment to a related entity, or assignment of the lease in connection with the sale of the tenant’s business.
What is the standard for landlord consent? Provisions that require the landlord’s consent may be followed by a standard such as “in the landlord’s sole discretion,” or “which may not be unreasonably withheld.” Obviously, the second standard is more favorable to the tenant. However, as a practical matter, if a dispute arises regarding whether a landlord’s denial was reasonable or unreasonable, arbitration or litigation would be expensive, the outcome would be uncertain, and the prospective subtenant or assignee may be unwilling to wait to see how the dispute is resolved.
What information must be provided regarding the proposed subtenant or assignee? Many leases require confidential financial information regarding the proposed subtenant or assignee. The proposed subtenant or assignee may be more comfortable providing information if the lease contains confidentiality and non-disclosure requirements to restrict the landlord’s use of the information. An argument can be made that less information should be required regarding a proposed subtenant than a proposed assignee, because the landlord will not enter into a direct contractual relationship with the subtenant and the tenant will remain liable under the lease.
What are the landlord’s alternatives? A tenant might assume that if the tenant requests consent to a sublease or assignment, the landlord’s alternatives will be limited to granting or withholding consent. However, many leases give the landlord a third alternative, to cancel the lease if the tenant requests a sublease or an assignment. This is known as a right of recapture.
When is the landlord’s response due? Some leases do not set a deadline for the landlord’s response to a request for consent to a sublease or assignment. A delayed response would prevent the tenant from moving forward until the response is received. A delayed response also may result in a lost opportunity, if the proposed subtenant or assignee is under time constraints.
What is the effect if the landlord fails to provide a timely response? A lease may provide that if the landlord fails to respond to a request for consent within a specified period of time, then consent is deemed granted, or a lease may provide that in such circumstances, consent is deemed denied. The first alternative is more favorable for a tenant, but the prospective subtenant or assignee might not be willing to rely on a “deemed consent” provision and may require actual consent before moving forward.
What are the landlord’s remedies if a sublease or assignment is made without requesting consent? Generally, if a tenant subleases or assigns a lease without obtaining required consent from the landlord, then the tenant is in default and the landlord can exercise all remedies under the lease. The lease also may provide that a sublease or assignment without the landlord’s consent is invalid and unenforceable.
Will the assignor be released from liability for the tenant’s obligations after an assignment? It may seem like common sense that if a lease is assigned with the landlord’s consent, then the original tenant (assignor) will no longer be responsible for the tenant’s obligations under the lease. However, a lease may provide that the assignor will remain liable under the lease after an assignment. Similarly, the landlord’s written consent may state that both the assignor and the assignee will be responsible for the tenant’s obligations after the lease is assigned. In order to be released, the assignor should obtain a written agreement from the landlord stating that after an assignment, the assignor will no longer be responsible for the tenant’s obligations under the lease.
Will a guarantor be released from liability for the tenant’s obligations after an assignment? Many landlords require a personal guaranty from an individual, or a corporate guaranty from a related entity, to ensure payment of the tenant’s obligations under a commercial lease. Guarantees typically provide that they will remain in effect even if the lease is assigned. However, the tenant may be able to negotiate for the termination of the guarantee in the event that the lease is assigned. In some cases, the landlord may require a substitute guarantor.
What is the effect of subleasing on the obligations of the tenant and the guarantor? A sublease does not affect the tenant’s obligations to the landlord under the lease, or the guarantor’s obligations to the landlord under the guaranty.

If a business owner is considering entering into a new lease, it is important to carefully review the subleasing and assignment provisions and negotiate any necessary changes before signing the lease. If a tenant desires to sublease or assign an existing lease, it is important to review the applicable requirements and restrictions before taking any action. An experienced real estate attorney can assist the tenant by spotting issues, explaining alternatives, and negotiating with the landlord to help the tenant accomplish its business objectives.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

Michael D. Klemm

Phone: 952-746-2198, email: [email protected], due diligence in commercial real estate transactions, three alternatives for a buyer to keep a seller’s low mortgage interest rate, webinar replay: hoa fall legal updates 2022, escalation clause tips and traps for buying a home (or an island), webinar replay: hoa fall webinar, on-demand webinar – covid-19 and hoas: how to operate during the pandemic, covid-19 and commercial real estate leases in minnesota, january 1 deadline for preventative maintenance plans, schedules and budgets, crossing the line obtaining building permits for decks in cic’s.

Lease Assignment Provisions—Why They Matter

When a tenant assigns its rights and interest under a lease to a successor tenant, the enforceability of the assignment and its legal consequences are usually addressed and governed by language in the assignor-tenant’s lease or a lease assignment document. The landlord’s attorney usually will provide carefully-crafted language sufficient to resolve almost every issue related to assignment that could arise. Even so, it is helpful to understand the law behind assignment provisions and to be aware of the most common legal issues landlords sometimes face despite those protective provisions.

The law of most states does not distinguish between usufruct leases, which confer mere use rights (usually shorter term leases) from estate-for years leases, which grant an interest in land ( e.g. , a 99-year ground lease). Georgia law, however, distinguishes between these two types of leases. The assignment of a Georgia usufruct lease, but not an estate-for-years lease, releases the assignor-tenant from liability to pay rent owed by the defaulting assignee-tenant unless the landlord expressly reserves the right to proceed against the assignor-tenant. By contrast, unless assignment language provides otherwise, a tenant who assigns its estate-for-years lease remains fully liable with the assignee-tenant for rent that accrues for the balance of the lease term.

Since an estate-for-years tenant has an interest in land, that tenant may freely assign its lease without the landlord’s consent or permission absent surrender of that right in the lease. The rights and interest of the tenant under the estate-for-years lease “run with the land,” which means that those rights are tied to the property and not to the owner. Whenever an assignment occurs, those rights transfer from the first tenant to the second (though, as noted above, the original tenant usually remains fully liable for future rent). The tenant holding only a usufruct interest (use right) under its lease has no such right of assignment absent language in its lease or an assignment document expressly allowing assignments. Almost always, the landlord who gives the usufruct tenant an assignment right reserves the landlord’s right to give its consent to any proposed assignment of a usufruct lease. An estate-for-years lease is less likely to include a provision allowing the landlord to reject a proposed assignment.

Legal issues may arise because a tenant simply ignores (or cleverly avoids) the assignment language. Occasionally, a tenant holding only a use right under its lease will transfer possession of its leased premises to a successor tenant without seeking permission of the landlord required under the assignment provision in the lease. An unauthorized assignment may also occur where the tenant changes the legal entity under which it operates its business in the leased premises, which can take place through merger or stock transfer. In such a case, a vigilant landlord would then have the unilateral right to elect to treat its assignor-tenant’s unauthorized assignee-tenant as the landlord’s tenant under the lease for the full term, thus giving rise to a new landlord-tenant relationship. If the landlord exercises this right of election, the original tenant’s obligations under the usufruct lease will be extinguished unless the lease expressly maintains those obligations. Alternatively, the landlord may expel the assignee as an unlawful intruder, in which case the original tenant remains fully obligated under the lease for the balance of its term.

Especially where a landlord receives rent from its tenant through a drop-box or electronic funds transfer (EFT), a tenant seeking to escape a burdensome lease might shift the rent payment obligation to an unapproved successor tenant about which the landlord may be unaware. If the landlord accepts rent from someone other than the original tenant under the usufruct lease over a period of time, the landlord may be deemed as a matter of law to have waived its right to object to and expel the unauthorized replacement tenant. For this reason, it is advisable for a landlord to cease acceptance of rent through EFT or drop-box delivery and insist upon verifiable means of payment where a tenant is struggling and proposes a lease assignment.

To address unintended consequences that force an unwanted assignment upon a landlord, the assignment language should perhaps include language that prohibits assignments by operation of law associated with a merger or certain other types of business transactions. A transfer of control within a corporation or other business entity through altered equity interests might effectively constitute an assignment from the viewpoint of the landlord, so the language must address that issue as well. To encourage a tenant to seek consent, it may be wise for a landlord to agree that its consent will not be unreasonably withheld . Since courts generally disfavor restrictions on alienation of leases, a provision that gives the landlord the absolute right to withhold consent to an assignment may be subject to attack in court in the future. While assignment provisions in leases and assignment documents cannot necessarily and completely eliminate all risks associated with unanticipated changes in the lease assignment law and wily efforts of tenants to advance their interests through unauthorized lease assignments, a landlord can minimize the risk through carefully worded assignment provisions and a proper level of understanding of the legal issues usually associated with unauthorized assignments.

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Insights - 29/04/2019

Effects on assigning a lease for a business

The majority of landlords grant leases for one main reason – to obtain a steady income stream in the way of rent. A good tenant will be able to provide this, but a lot of careful consideration often (and should) goes into deciding whether a tenant is of a ‘good financial standing’. In order to protect themselves, landlords can (and should) carry out credit checks and request references to determine whether further protection relating to the performance of that tenant is wanted. This might be in the form of a rent deposit, a guarantee or both depending on all the circumstances. In this article, we consider in more detail the impact of taking a guarantee and, in particular, what happens with that guarantee on an assignment of an existing lease.

What do guarantors do?

A guarantor guarantees the tenant’s performance of its obligations under the lease by entering into a contractual agreement with the landlord. This creates, if you like, a second bite at the cherry approach should the tenant not perform its obligations under the lease. If the tenant does not pay rent, for example, then the landlord can pursue the guarantor for that payment. Essentially a guarantor is only liable if the tenant does not perform. It is, therefore, imperative that the party standing as guarantor has the financial strength to back up what it will be doing. It is also important that guarantee provisions in the lease are drafted carefully, with both the landlord and guarantor being advised of the implications of those provisions. For example if the tenant’s covenants in the lease are void or unenforceable, then the guarantee will also be unenforceable. Or, if the lease is varied then there is the risk that the guarantor will be released from all liability under its guarantee unless it consents to the variation.

What happens when the tenant wishes to assign its lease?

It could be argued that a landlord has less control in this situation than on the original grant of the lease as the tenant (within reason and in accordance with the terms of the lease) is free to assign the lease to whomever it wishes. The landlord must also comply with the requirements of the lease in dealing with an assignment and, more often than not, will be required to act ‘reasonably’ when consenting to an assignment. The main concern for the landlord is to make sure its steady income stream is not interrupted. Most leases will look to do this by stating that the assignee is a ‘ person of standing acceptable to the landlord’ . The assignee can be asked to give a guarantee or rent deposit to lend weight to this. The current tenant can also be required to enter into an authorised guarantee agreement (AGA). An AGA is a guarantee given by the outgoing tenant guaranteeing that the assignee will observe and perform the tenant obligations in the lease. As before, it is fundamental that when an AGA is entered into, the provisions are drafted to ensure the guarantor under that document is not released or discharged from its liabilities.

Co-operative Group Food Ltd v A & A Shah Properties Ltd and others [2019]

The lease in this case had been assigned. The licence consenting to the assignment contained an AGA in its schedule. The original guarantor of the previous tenant was also a party to the licence, extending its guarantee towards the then incoming tenant (now the current tenant in this scenario). Perhaps unusually, both the previous tenant (the party that had given the guarantee contained in the AGA) and the current tenant had gone into administration. The landlord sought rent under the guarantee provisions in the AGA.

The licence contained the following provisions:

A clause stating that the ‘ schedule formed part of the licence and was to have effect as if set out in full in the body of the licence ’.
Clause 4.1 confirmed that the previous tenant and the guarantor of that previous tenant were ‘ to observe and perform the obligations set out in the AGA immediately after completion of the assignment ’.
Clause 4.2 confirmed the guarantor of the previous tenant had consented to the previous tenant entering into the licence and that that guarantor also requested the consent granted by the licence. The clause contained wording stating that the guarantor agreed ‘ its guarantee and other obligations under the lease would remain fully effective and … extended and applied to the covenants given by and the obligations on the Tenant’s part under the licence’ (here the tenant being the previous tenant)

In the appeal the judge had to decide whether these clauses arose under a sub-guarantee or under a direct guarantee so determining whether or not they were void.

It was held that clause 4.1 was a direct guarantee and, therefore, void. The reason being that both the previous tenant and the guarantor had covenanted to observe the tenant obligations under the AGA. The obligations under the AGA were guarantees of the current tenant’s obligations so that made the guarantor’s obligations a direct guarantee of the current tenant, so rendering it void in favour of the original guarantor.

Clause 4.2 was a sub-guarantee, so valid and enforceable against both the previous tenant and its original guarantor. The schedule was included in the licence, making the terms of the schedule capable of having a direct contractual effect. The obligation of the previous tenant in the licence would be an obligation covered by the guarantee in the provisions of clause 4.2. The original guarantor was still liable, as it was guaranteeing the obligations of the previous tenant as had been intended. There was in effect a guarantee of a guarantee, which is permissible.

It is difficult to know how courts will interpret an ambiguous or unclear guarantee clause but the usual approach has always been in favour of the guarantor. It was certainly a close call for the landlord in the Co-operative case.

In order to avoid having any guarantee given rendered void by a landlord should consider:

Reviewing and seeking advice when a licence to assign is being drafted with particular importance being placed on what any guarantor will be bound by and against whom
Ensure the guarantor provides consent to all variations and alterations made to the lease and property so as ensure any guarantee obligations continue.

To discuss this further or any other commercial property requirements, please contact the Commercial Property Team . For more information on Commercial Property please click here .

Although correct at the time of publication, the contents of this newsletter/blog are intended for general information purposes only and shall not be deemed to be, or constitute, legal advice. We cannot accept responsibility for any loss as a result of acts or omissions taken in respect of this article. Please contact us for the latest legal position.

Insights - 29/09/2023

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Assigning a commercial property lease to another business.

In order to grow or react to market conditions your business may need to quickly leave its current premises. If your business rents the premises but there is still time left to run on the lease, what can you do?

A common solution is to transfer your lease to someone else. This process is called ‘assigning a lease’. In this article, we describe how this process operates and what potential problems you may need to overcome. If you need help in this area, our friendly commercial property experts can help.

Traps for the Unwary

How to assign a lease.

‘Assigning’ a lease simply means transferring your lease to another person so that they become the new tenant. Once the assignment has taken place the lease continues to exist and the new tenant becomes liable for all of the tenant’s obligations in the lease.

The first step is to find someone who may want to take over the lease (they are known as ‘the assignee’). Aside from being happy with the rent that is being charged, the assignee will want to review the lease to ensure that it does not contain any onerous or unacceptable terms. This process will be very similar to the one your solicitor carried out when you negotiated the lease in the first place, except that as the assignee will be taking over the existing lease they will have little or no opportunity to change its terms and will therefore have to be happy with it as it stands.

If the lease contains terms which are generally unacceptable in commercial property leases or specifically adversely affect the ability of the new tenant to use the property as they wish, you may have problems in assigning the property. It is therefore worth knowing before you start marketing your lease just what it does or does not allow. For example, it is no good marketing a warehouse to factory owners if it specifically forbids industrial use.

In addition, most tenants will want to carry out the same due diligence process as if it were purchasing a commercial property or negotiating the lease at outset. This usually involves raising queries with the local authority and utility companies as well as finding out about environmental and similar issues. This takes time so do not expect to be able to transfer the lease instantly.

The second step, once an assignee is found and they are happy to take on the lease, is to actually transfer (‘assign’) the lease. Generally this will be done using a Land Registry form known as a TR1 . If the lease is for less than 7 years, then the lease can be assigned by using a deed of assignment. Both these documents have the same effect and will generally be executed by both you as the current tenant and the assignee.

In theory, you can assign your lease to whoever and whenever you like. However, most landlords are not willing to allow the tenant such freedom and therefore write into the lease restrictions on to whom a lease can be assigned and on what basis. In most cases, the landlord will be required to consent to the assignment before it can go ahead. This is where most of the practical problems arise as we explore in more detail below.

When and why to assign a lease

A tenant will generally look to assign its lease when it no longer requires use of the property but there is still some time before the lease comes to an end. For example, your business may have taken a five-year lease, but after two years you need to move. Unless the lease includes break clauses , you would have to continue to pay the rents and comply with the lease terms for the remaining three years of the lease term. By assigning the lease you can dispose or at the very least reduce that liability.

If there is less than a year remaining of the lease to run, it may be more difficult to find someone who wants to take the lease for a short period of time, so in those circumstances it may be worth continuing to trade from the existing property until the lease comes to an end itself.

A few common examples of why you may wish to assign your lease are that:

You may have agreed to sell your business and the structure of the transaction requires the lease to be assigned to the purchasers;
Your business may not be trading as well as hoped and you are unable to keep up with rent payments or you may simply need smaller premises;
You may find that the property is no longer situated in a convenient place and may wish therefore to relocate the business; or
Your business may have grown faster than anticipated and requires bigger premises from which to trade.

Is a licence to assign needed?

Most landlords are primarily concerned with the income they earn from the properties they rent out. It is important to them that the tenants they rent to:

Are able to pay the rent in full and on time;
Keep the property in a good state of repair so that the property can be easily relet when the tenant leaves; and
Behave in such a way as not to adversely affect the landlord’s ability to rent other properties it may own nearby.

It is for this reason that most landlords will seek to control who you can assign your lease to and prevent you from assigning your lease without your landlord’s consent.

Whether your landlord’s consent to an assignment (by way of a licence to assign) is required depends on the terms of the lease you are seeking to assign. Most leases will have some restrictions. It is only if the lease does not include any restriction on assignment, or includes restrictions but no requirement to obtain the landlord’s consent to an assignment, that no licence to assign will be required.

Although the detailed provisions can look intimidating, most assignment clauses simply require the landlord to agree that it believes the assignee to be able to meet its obligations and if it does so to formally consent to the assignment. The landlord is also usually required by statute not to unreasonably withhold or delay giving that consent. A licence to assign is the document used to evidence that the landlord has granted its consent to an assignment as required.

Note: if you feel your landlord is not co-operating, you should explore the options for tenants in our article on landlords unreasonably withholding consent .

You should ask for the landlord’s consent as soon as possible so as not to delay matters, as the landlord only has to deal with your request within a reasonable time and even then only once you have provided all the information the landlord needs in order to reach its decision on whether or not to give its consent. This may evidence of your assignee’s good standing such as bank and previous landlord references, and copies of audited accounts and bank statements.

If your proposed assignee is not of sufficient standing to satisfy the landlord consent may be granted if the assignee agrees to provide a guarantor for its liabilities or a rent deposit that can then be used if it fails to pay. What the landlord is permitted to insist on will depend on the specific wording of the lease and the specific set of circumstances.

You should also be aware that most landlords will insist that whatever the financial state of the assignee, you, as the outgoing tenant, will be required to guarantee the assignee’s obligations under the lease by what is called an authorised guarantee agreement. You should not make the error of assuming that by assigning your lease you can just walk away from any responsibility. The one thing that the law requires you to is to find someone who can pay the rent and comply with the lease terms. If you do not do this, then the landlord will most probably be able to recover any arrears from you.

If your lease expressly prohibits assignments without containing a requirement for consent to be given by the Landlord, then the starting point is that you cannot assign it at all. However, the landlord may still agree to an assignment taking place. This would still be documented by way of a licence to assign but in this case, the landlord would be under no obligation to grant its consent even if it would be reasonable to do so or to act promptly when considering your request to give that consent.

Actual assignments and virtual assignments

Most transfers of the ownership of a lease are carried out by an ‘actual assignment’ where the tenant assigns its interest in the lease to an assignee as explained above.

In a few cases you may seek to use a virtual assignment whereby you remain liable under the terms of the lease, but enter into a contract with a third-party transferring the economic benefits and burdens of the lease, without actually assigning the lease itself. These can be used when the lease contains overly restrictive assignment clauses. You could, for example, declare a trust or enter into a contract in favour of a third-party, effectively transferring the economic benefits and burdens of the lease to them. However, beware of clauses in the lease which prevent this sort of arrangement.

If a tenant is a company and the shares in that company are transferred to someone else, then the lease would remain unaffected and the tenant would still be the company. Although not strictly a virtual assignment this change of ownership can be a concern to some landlords and as a result, some leases include express provisions restricting changes in the shareholding of the tenant company. However, they are unusual and arguably onerous.

Registering an assignment

If the lease is registered at the Land Registry or has more than 7 years of its term remaining, and you are the assignee, you must register the assignment at the Land Registry. The Land Registry will then process the application and update the title register for the lease so that it is in your name.

It is very important that the assignee does indeed register the lease as, until it does, the assignment is not fully complete and legally you have not yet become the tenant. This has practical implications as, depending on the wording of the lease, you may not be able to serve a valid break notice until it is registered at the Land Registry. As registration can in some circumstances take a long time, you may find yourself unable to end the lease when you expected. If you forget to register you are unlikely to complete your registration in time to take the steps you need to take.

If you do not apply for registration within 2 months of the date of completion of the lease, the lease becomes void and can only be registered is the Land Registrar agrees to make an order extending the 2 month period.

In addition to registering the lease with the Land Registry most leases include an obligation to notify the landlord that an assignment has taken place and to send them a copy of the assignment document and pay them a fee for noting the transaction. Sometimes the lease sets out the specific notice fee, but more often than not the lease merely sets out a minimum fee. In theat case, you should ask the landlord to confirm the notice fee before completing the assignment.

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The effect of an assignment on a lease

In most cases, once a lease has been assigned, the assignee steps into the shoes of the tenant and all the rights and duties that the previous tenant had pass over to the new tenant. Occasionally there are rights in the lease which are personal to the original tenant. Again, this often affects the break clause. If the right to end the lease early is personal to the original tenant, you cannot do so if the lease is assigned. In such circumstances it may be better to sublet the property rather than assign the lease itself.

As most leases require the previous tenant to guarantee the performance of the new tenant, the assignment also has the effect of rearranging the liabilities for payment of the rent. Any previous guarantor under an authorised guarantee agreement will have been automatically released by the assignment and rent deposits may become repayable by the landlord.

Assignment v sub-letting

Is it preferable to assign a lease or sub-let it (retain your lease but grant a lease of the property for a slightly shorter term to another party)? The answer very much depends on your specific requirements and the particular circumstances.

Assigning the lease means that you no longer have any interest in the property. It is quite common that a tenant will still remain ‘on the hook’ for the lease obligations after an assignment, as the landlord will likely have insisted that they enter into an authorised guarantee agreement to guarantee the assignee complies with the lease. However, a landlord will not always insist on an authorised guarantee agreement and, even if one is in place, the obligations on it cease if/when the assignee assigns the lease itself to another party. Therefore, most tenants regard an assignment as the best option where they have no current use or interest in the property and do not think they will do at any point in the future.

As already noted you may have to keep the lease in your name if you wish to rely on any personal rights in the lease by granting a sub-lease. This will allow you to retain your interest in the lease, but it also means that you are still liable to pay the rents due under the lease and comply with all of the lease obligations. As the sub-tenant is likely to be in occupation of all or part of the property, you must manage them to ensure that the sub-tenant does not place you in breach of your duties under the lease.

Other reasons for sub-letting include:

Using the sub-lease as an income stream.
If you think you may wish to use the property later.
If you want to dispose of only part of the property and keep the rest for your own use (most landlords are extremely unlikely to allow you to assign part only of your lease).

Transfer of the landlord’s interest in the building

Only a tenant can assign the lease. If the landlord wishes to dispose of its interest in the lease it does so by selling the freehold interest in the building to a new party who then automatically becomes the landlord. Subject to your receiving proper notification you are then required to pay the rent to the new building owner. If you intend to serve a notice (e.g. bringing the lease to an end or requesting a new lease) make sure that you serve the title on the legal owner otherwise you may find your notice to be of no effect. Beware the registration gap mentioned above. You may think that your apparent landlord is the legal owner but legally he may not be.

In addition to the points set out above that relate to the terms of the lease, there are other issues which can cause difficulties when trying to assign it. These include:

In any circumstance where the landlord is required to consent to a transaction, make sure that all your rent and similar payments are up to date as often leases state that no consent will be given if payments are outstanding.
The Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES) Regulations mean that you cannot assign your lease (or sublet it) if the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) (most likely provided by your landlord when you took the lease) has expired. You cannot even market the property without providing an EPC.
While they may not actually prevent an assignment, breaches of health and safety law or fire safety regulations or the rules around monitoring and managing asbestos may cause delays or scare your assignee away. If compliance with the rules is your responsibility under the lease, your landlord may refuse to consent to the assignment until you do so.

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Assignment of Lease Explained

December 1, 2023

Understanding the complexities surrounding the assignment of a lease is crucial for both tenants and landlords. Within the UK, various situations might compel a tenant to transfer their lease to another party. In this guide we will delve into the essentials, helping you understand every facet of a lease assignment.

Rental lease agreement form on an office desk.

What is an Assignment of Lease?

In the world of property management and real estate, the concept of an “assignment of lease” is fundamental. It involves a tenant, known as the assignor, transferring their entire legal interest in a property to another individual or entity, called the assignee. This process is common in both residential and commercial contexts and plays a significant role in maintaining the fluidity of property interests, especially in a dynamic market.

When a tenant signs a lease, they agree to specific commitments, including paying rent and maintaining the property, which are enforceable for a set period. However, various circumstances may prompt a tenant to vacate the property before the lease term expires. Herein lies the importance of the assignment of lease.

Through lease assignment, the original tenant can exit the property and pass on the responsibility to a third party, who then assumes the role of the tenant with all its incumbent responsibilities. It’s important to note that while the new tenant steps into the shoes of the original tenant, the lease terms remain unchanged.

For instance, if an individual rents a flat and later decides to move out before the lease’s expiration due to reasons such as relocating for a job or changing living situations, they may opt for an assignment of the lease. This strategy allows another person to take over the living space and adhere to the responsibilities under the original lease, ensuring that the flat does not remain unoccupied and the landlord continues to receive rent payments. This seamless transition can be especially beneficial in residential areas with high demand for housing, as it minimises financial instability for the landlord and provides immediate accommodation for those in need of a home.

Key Components of Lease Assignment

Assignor and Assignee: The existing tenant (assignor) and the new tenant (assignee) are the primary parties in this agreement. Their willingness to transfer and assume the lease’s obligations, respectively, drives the assignment process.
Landlord’s Role: While not a direct party to the assignment, the landlord plays a pivotal role. Most lease agreements stipulate that landlords must provide consent before any assignment takes place. This clause protects the landlord’s interests, ensuring the new tenant is reliable and meets the required standards.
Legal Documentation: The process requires several legal documents, including the initial lease agreement and a deed of assignment. The latter must clearly articulate that all rights and responsibilities have been transferred to the new tenant. This precision prevents future disputes regarding the terms of the lease.
Liabilities: The assignment of lease doesn’t inherently absolve the original tenant of responsibilities. Depending on the agreement’s terms, the assignor might remain liable if the assignee fails to fulfil the lease obligations. This potential continued liability underscores the importance of thorough assignee vetting.

The Legal Ground

The legality surrounding the assignment of a lease is rooted in UK property law. It necessitates compliance with various statutory requirements and often involves complex legal procedures. Consequently, parties usually engage solicitors to ensure that the assignment aligns with legal protocols, protecting the interests of all involved parties.

The assignment of a lease is a nuanced process, influenced by factors unique to each situation. Whether prompted by personal, business, or financial changes, lease assignments facilitate flexibility in property occupancy and use. Understanding this concept is crucial for tenants seeking an early exit from a lease, individuals looking for established lease properties, and landlords wishing to maintain continuous tenancy and income streams.

Understanding the Deed of Assignment of Tenancy

A “deed of assignment tenancy” is a legal document that evidences the transfer of lease obligations from the current tenant to another. It is an essential part of the lease assignment process, binding the new tenant to the terms stated in the original lease.

Landlord’s Checks Before Permitting Assignment of a Lease

The assignment of a lease, while beneficial in maintaining continuous occupancy and consistent rent payments, necessitates thorough due diligence on the part of the landlord. Before consenting to an assignment, it’s imperative for landlords to conduct comprehensive checks, mirroring the depth of evaluation done during the initial tenant screening process. These checks are crucial in mitigating potential risks and safeguarding the landlord’s investment.

Detailed Assessment of the Prospective Assignee

Landlords should ascertain the financial stability and reliability of the assignee. This assessment often involves:

Credit Checks: This allows landlords to have a clearer understanding of the prospective assignee’s credit history, highlighting their ability to keep up with regular rent payments and financial commitments.
Employment Verification: Landlords typically require proof of ongoing, stable employment. This verification helps ensure that the new tenant has a consistent income stream capable of covering the rent and other associated costs.
References: Previous landlords or property managers can provide insights into the assignee’s behaviour, paying habits, and overall reliability. Personal references might also be necessary to form a more comprehensive view of the prospective tenant.

Review of the Assignee’s Intent

Understanding the prospective tenant’s reasons for seeking the property and their long-term intentions can provide reassurance. For instance, landlords should feel more comfortable knowing that the assignee plans to reside in the property for an extended period and doesn’t intend to sublet without permission or engage in unlawful activities.

Examination of Financial Documentation

Landlords may request documentation such as bank statements or savings accounts to further verify the assignee’s ability to afford the property. This scrutiny is particularly pertinent in higher-rent areas or for properties with higher maintenance costs.

Ensuring Contractual Compliance

It’s important for the landlord to confirm that the assignee understands and agrees to the terms set out in the original lease. The assignee must comply with all existing conditions, and any deviation needs to be negotiated with and approved by the landlord.

Legal Considerations

Given the legal complexities surrounding lease assignments, landlords often seek legal advice during this process. Lawyers can help ensure that the assignment adheres to local property laws, the original lease’s terms, and that the landlord’s interests are thoroughly protected throughout the transition.

By conducting these comprehensive checks, a landlord exercises due diligence, significantly reducing the likelihood of issues arising from the assignment of the lease. This meticulous approach helps maintain the property’s revenue stream, upholds community standards, and ensures the continued preservation and value of the property investment. It’s a proactive measure, providing the landlord with peace of mind that they are handing over their property to a reliable and responsible assignee.

Costs Involved in Lease Assignment

The process of lease assignment, while a practical solution for tenants looking to transfer their lease obligations, does entail various costs that both the assignor (original tenant) and assignee (new tenant) need to consider. These expenses contribute to a seamless transfer process, ensuring all legalities are properly managed, and all parties are adequately protected. Understanding these costs is essential as it prevents unexpected surprises and allows for a more transparent transaction.

Costs for the Assignor

Advertising Costs: If the landlord does not immediately have a new tenant, the original tenant may need to advertise the property. This could involve online listings, printed materials, or hiring an estate agent to expedite the process, all of which incur costs.
Tenant Screening Costs: The assignor might opt to conduct preliminary screenings of potential assignees, which include credit checks, reference checks, and other background investigations to ensure they’re presenting a reliable tenant to the landlord.
Legal Fees: The legal intricacies of transferring a lease require the involvement of legal professionals. The assignor typically bears the cost for legal consultations, drafting the deed of assignment, and any related legal documentation.
Landlord’s Administrative Fees: Some landlords charge an administrative fee for processing a lease assignment, covering the time and resources they expend to conduct their checks and modify their records.
Potential Liability Costs: If the assignee fails to meet the lease obligations, and depending on the terms of the assignment, the original tenant may remain partially liable. This contingent liability could lead to future costs.

Costs for the Assignee

Security Deposit: It’s standard practice for the new tenant to provide a security deposit before moving in. In some cases, the assignee reimburses the original tenant for the initial deposit, depending on its condition and any agreement between the parties.
Advance Rent: The assignee may need to pay the first month’s rent in advance, similar to standard leasing arrangements.
Legal Fees: Assignees also incur legal fees. They need legal counsel to review the terms of the lease, ensure the assignment is conducted correctly, and understand their new responsibilities and liabilities.
Stamp Duty: Depending on the property’s value and the lease’s remaining duration, the assignee might need to pay Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) on the premium or the rent of the lease.

Shared Costs

In some instances, both parties negotiate and equally share specific costs, such as those for legal consultations, to ensure fairness and mutual satisfaction in proceeding with the transaction.

Both assignors and assignees must factor in these expenses to accurately assess whether a lease assignment is a financially viable option. It is advisable to consult with real estate professionals and legal advisors to understand all potential charges fully. Having a clear, upfront understanding of these costs allows both parties to make informed decisions, ensuring a smooth, transparent, and fair transition process.

Does Assignment Create a New Tenancy?

No, an assignment does not create a new tenancy. It merely transfers the existing tenant’s rights and obligations to the new tenant, who then steps into the shoes of the original tenant under the same lease terms.

The Necessity of Legal Assistance

It is highly advisable to engage a solicitor during the assignment of a lease. A solicitor can provide necessary legal advice, prepare the deed of assignment of lease, and ensure compliance with various property and contract laws.

Deed of Assignment vs Tenancy Agreement

While they might sound similar, a deed of assignment is not the same as a tenancy agreement. The former refers to the document transferring existing lease rights to a new tenant, while the latter is a contract outlining the terms between a landlord and tenant for new occupancy.

Parties Involved in Signing the Deed of Assignment

The deed of assignment of lease is typically signed by the outgoing tenant, the incoming tenant, and sometimes, the landlord, especially when their consent is a prerequisite for the lease transfer.

Landlord’s Consent to Lease Assignment

A landlord can refuse to consent to assign a lease, but this refusal must be reasonable. Scenarios for justifiable refusal might include the prospective tenant’s inability to meet financial commitments or proposed use of the property that violates lease terms.

Lease Assignment vs Subletting

Lease assignment involves the complete transfer of the tenant’s rights to another party.
Subletting occurs when the tenant temporarily hands over the property rights to another party but retains some rights or eventually plans to return.

Financial Responsibilities in Lease Assignment

Typically, the outgoing tenant or the incoming tenant covers the costs related to the assignment of lease, such as legal fees, administrative charges, and any leasehold improvements. The specific arrangements may vary based on mutual agreements.

Assigning a Lease Without a Deed: Is It Possible?

No, a lease assignment must be evidenced by a deed to be legally binding. The deed of assignment tenancy is crucial as it protects the interests of all parties involved and provides legal clarity.

The Meaning of ‘Assignment’ in Rent Context

In the context of renting, ‘assignment’ refers to transferring the existing tenant’s lease obligations and rights to another party. The assignee assumes responsibility for rent payments and adherence to the lease terms.

Advantages of Assigning a Lease

There are several benefits associated with the assignment of a lease, including:

Flexibility for the tenant needing to vacate the property before lease termination.
Minimal interruption in rent payments for the landlord.
Opportunity for another tenant to occupy the premises without having to negotiate a new lease.

Stamp Duty and Lease Assignment

Stamp duty on assignment of lease may apply depending on the premium paid and the lease’s yearly rent. It’s important to consult a solicitor to understand any potential tax implications.

Post-Assignment Liabilities for Tenants

After the assignment of a lease, the original tenant is generally released from future liabilities. However, they may remain liable if the new tenant defaults, depending on specific lease terms or if guarantees were provided.

Essential Documents for Lease Assignment

In the process of a lease assignment, several critical documents must be prepared, reviewed, and signed to ensure a legally binding transfer of rights and responsibilities from the original tenant (assignor) to the new tenant (assignee). These documents are crucial in defining the terms of the assignment, protecting the interests of all parties involved, and complying with legal standards. Here are the essential documents required for a successful lease assignment:

1. The Original Lease Agreement

Before any transfer, all parties must review the original lease. It’s vital to understand any clauses or terms that could impact the assignment, such as conditions requiring the landlord’s consent for any lease transfer.
The original lease agreement serves as the foundation for the assignment, outlining the terms and obligations that the assignee will need to adhere to.

2. Deed of Assignment of Lease

This legal document formally transfers the lease obligations from the assignor to the assignee. It must clearly state the terms under which the lease is assigned, including any continuing liabilities of the assignor, if applicable.
It should be comprehensive, detailing the rights and responsibilities of all parties and any guarantees provided by the assignor.
The deed is usually drafted by a solicitor to ensure that it complies with legal standards and adequately protects everyone’s interests.

3. Landlord’s Consent to Assignment

Most leases require the landlord’s formal approval for any assignment to occur. This document is the landlord’s written agreement, permitting the transfer from the current tenant to the new one.
It may come with conditions the assignee must satisfy, which should be clearly outlined in the consent form.

4. Assignee’s Letter of Acceptance

This document is proof that the assignee understands and agrees to the terms set out in the original lease and the deed of assignment.
The letter may restate key lease terms for clarity and will affirm the assignee’s commitment to abide by all the lease conditions and responsibilities.

5. Legal Advisories

Though not a formal part of the lease assignment, documentation of legal advice received by both the assignor and assignee (and possibly the landlord) is crucial.
These advisories ensure each party has been informed of their legal rights and obligations, potentially offering protection in the event of future disputes.

6. Inventory List

If relevant, an inventory list detailing the condition of the property, especially for furnished rentals, would be necessary. This document helps manage expectations and responsibilities concerning the property’s state and contents at the time of the assignment.

7. Proof of Assignee’s Financial Stability

While not always formally part of the assignment documentation, evidence of the assignee’s ability to meet financial commitments (like bank statements or employment confirmation) often needs to be submitted to the landlord during the assignment process.

The process of assigning a lease is a complex legal transaction that requires strict adherence to procedural standards. These essential documents ensure that the assignment progresses smoothly, with clear understanding and agreement from all parties involved. Both assignor and assignee should seek legal counsel to ensure their interests are protected, and all documents are in order, further underscoring the importance of each document’s role in this pivotal real estate process.

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) Requirements

Yes, an EPC is generally required for a lease assignment, especially if the building is to be sold or rented out. This certificate ensures that the property meets the necessary energy efficiency standards.

Registering an Assignment of Lease

Registration of an assignment of lease is crucial. It validates the change of tenant under the lease, making it legally binding and enforceable. This process usually involves submitting the deed of assignment to the appropriate land registry.

Timeframe for Assigning a Lease

Assigning a lease can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on factors like obtaining the landlord’s consent, the new tenant’s credibility, and the speed of legal processes.

Embracing the Benefits of Lease Assignment

Whether you’re a tenant seeking flexibility or a landlord desiring continued occupancy, lease assignment offers solutions that can cater to your individual needs, promoting ease and continuity in the leasing process.

If you’re considering a lease assignment, it’s paramount to seek professional advice to navigate the complexities involved. The information contained in this article should be used for information purposes only and should not be relied upon in place of specific legal advice.

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How should I deal with an assignment that has been made in breach of the lease, if the landlord now wants to regularise the position?

Landlord’s rights and remedies.

An unauthorised assignment is a once and for all breach of covenant which would entitle the landlord to forfeit the lease (see Practice Notes: Landlord’s remedies for assigning or underletting without consent and Forfeiture of a lease See also: Assignment and underletting—overview). However, it appears from your query that the landlord does not wish to take this route and so is willing to waive his right to forfeit (if indeed the right to forfeit has not already been waived).

A landlord waives its right to forfeit a lease if it unequivocally affirms the existence of the lease, in full knowledge that the tenant has committed a breach of covenant (section 146 of the Law of Property Act 1925 (LPA 1925), Thomas v Ken Thomas ). The grant of a licence to assign with knowledge of the breach will operate as an affirmation of the lease and will waive any right to forfeit. See Practice

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Related legal acts:

Landlord and Tenant (Covenants) Act 1995 (1995 c 30)
Law of Property Act 1925 (1925 c 20)

Key definition:

Breach of covenant definition, what does breach of covenant mean.

A breach of a term of a lease where a tenant has covenanted (agreed) to do, or to not do something, such as to pay rent or not to part with possession . If an express right is reserved in the lease, the breach may entitle the landlord to forfeit.

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COMMENTS

Understanding How a Commercial Lease Assignment Works
Lease Assignment 101. In basic terms, a lease assignment occurs when the current tenant to an existing lease agreement (known as the "assignor") assigns the lease rights and obligations to a third party (known as the "assignee"). A lease assignment should not be confused with a sublease, in which the existing tenant transfers by a ...
Assignment of Lease: Definition & How They Work (2023)
An assignment ensures the complete transfer of the rights to the property from one tenant to another. The assignor is no longer responsible for rent or utilities and other costs that they might have had under the lease. Here, the assignee becomes the tenant and takes over all responsibilities such as rent.
Assignments: The Basic Law
Assignments: The Basic Law. The assignment of a right or obligation is a common contractual event under the law and the right to assign (or prohibition against assignments) is found in the majority of agreements, leases and business structural documents created in the United States. As with many terms commonly used, people are familiar with the ...
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Landlord's assignment of a commercial lease. Sometimes a commercial landlord needs to sell his property. After the new owner, or assignee-buyer, buys the property subject to existing leases, the assignor-landlord assigns the leases to the new owner, who can then collect rent. The assignor-landlord notifies tenants by sending a notice of sale, a ...
PDF Assignments and Collateral Assignments Of Commercial Leases
han it normally pos-sesses.Collateral assignments of leaseSeparate from a traditional as-signment of lease is a collateral assignment and assumption of lease whereby a landlord and ten-ant agree that a certain third party has a secu. ity interest in the lease pursuant to a separate agreement. Typically, this scenario will arise when a tenant ...
Lease Assignment Agreement: All You Need to Know
A lease assignment agreement is a legally binding contract outlining the terms and conditions of transferring a lease from one party to another in one place. This means the assignee becomes the new tenant and assumes all the rights, obligations, and liabilities under the original lease. Lease assignments are commonly used in real estate ...
Demystifying Assignment of Lease: Your Go-To Guide
Clear so far? Great! Now, let's focus on the tips to draft a perfect Assignment of Lease. Tips to Draft a Perfect Assignment of Lease. Accurate Dates: Be sure to include the date when this agreement will take effect. Precision avoids any confusion about durations, when the assignee takes over, or when the assignor's obligations end.
Leasing Basics
There would be no transfer of the lease and therefore no assignment because the original tenant doesn't change, it just gets a new owner. For most landlord's though, unless the tenant is a large organization, a change of ownership has the same practical effect as an assignment of the lease. It's a type of backdoor assignment.
A Full Guide to Commercial Lease Assignment (Lease Transfer)
A commercial sublease, which is a type of lease transfer, occurs when a tenant who currently leases property agrees to let another tenant use the space concurrently. The agreement involves all three parties: the original tenant, the new tenant, and the property owner. When you sublease your space, you become the sub-lessor (or sub-landlord ...
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assignment of the lease. An assignment is the transfer of one party's entire interest in and obligations under a lease to another party. The new tenant takes on the lease responsibilities, including rent and property maintenance, and the original tenant is released from most (if not all) of its duties.
Commercial Lease Assignment and Sublet Provisions
Such assignments are called assignments "pro tanto," not subleases, because they grant possession of a portion of the leased premises to the new tenant for the balance of the lease term. 10 The landlord now has two tenants and, in effect, two leases.
Subleasing vs Assigning a Lease: What's the Difference
Assignment of Lease. When a tenant decides to assign a lease, he is essentially giving up all his rights and responsibilities to the rental agreement and the unit to a third-party assignee. As a result, the original tenant (the "assignor") will have to vacate the unit and allow the new tenant to take over all of the leased premises.
PDF Case Law Regarding Impact of Lease Assignment Language on Business
of "standard" lease assignment clauses that frequently reappear from lease to lease with only slight tweaks in wording. Originally, the typical landlord-drafted clause ... the transfer as a sublease was in effect an assignment since it continued for the balance of a lease term, included additional new rights of the transferee running
Navigating the World of Lease Assignment Agreements: What You ...
A lease assignment agreement is a legal document that allows a tenant to transfer their lease rights and obligations to another party. This means that the new tenant takes over the existing lease, including any remaining time on it, and assumes all responsibilities outlined in the original agreement. This type of agreement is commonly used when ...
What is a Lease Assignment?
A lease assignment, often called a lease takeover or a lease transfer, is the legal term for when your landlord allows you to pass responsibility for your apartment to another tenant. The new tenant, your assignee, becomes the tenant under the lease agreement instead of you. They pay the rent directly to the landlord and are treated as the ...
Subleasing and Assignment Provisions in Commercial Leases
After an assignment of the lease, the landlord interacts directly with the assignee. Important Deal Points Regarding Subleasing and Assignment. ... Guarantees typically provide that they will remain in effect even if the lease is assigned. However, the tenant may be able to negotiate for the termination of the guarantee in the event that the ...
Lease Assignment Provisions—Why They Matter
When a tenant assigns its rights and interest under a lease to a successor tenant, the enforceability of the assignment and its legal consequences are usually addressed and governed by language in the assignor-tenant's lease or a lease assignment document. The landlord's attorney usually will provide carefully-crafted language sufficient to resolve almost every issue related to assignment ...
Effects on assigning a lease for a business
Effects on assigning a lease for a business. The majority of landlords grant leases for one main reason - to obtain a steady income stream in the way of rent. A good tenant will be able to provide this, but a lot of careful consideration often (and should) goes into deciding whether a tenant is of a 'good financial standing'.
Assigning a commercial property lease to another business
The effect of an assignment on a lease. In most cases, once a lease has been assigned, the assignee steps into the shoes of the tenant and all the rights and duties that the previous tenant had pass over to the new tenant. Occasionally there are rights in the lease which are personal to the original tenant. Again, this often affects the break ...
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An assignment is the transfer of property or some other right from one person to another. [i] Once an assignment is made, all rights and interests of the assignor are transferred to the assignee. By assignment, an assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor and acquires all the rights and liabilities of the assignor. [ii] In Thweatt v.
Assignment of Lease Explained
The assignment of a lease is a nuanced process, influenced by factors unique to each situation. Whether prompted by personal, business, or financial changes, lease assignments facilitate flexibility in property occupancy and use. Understanding this concept is crucial for tenants seeking an early exit from a lease, individuals looking for ...
EFFECT OF LEASE ASSIGNMENT Sample Clauses
EFFECT OF LEASE ASSIGNMENT. In the event that any proceeding under the Bankruptcy Act is instituted in which Tenant is the debtor and this Lease is assigned to any person or entity pursuant to the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. 101 ET. SEQ., any and all monies or other consideration payable or otherwise to be delivered in connection with such assignment shall be paid or delivered ...
How should I deal with an assignment that has been made in breach of
Landlord's rights and remedies. An unauthorised assignment is a once and for all breach of covenant which would entitle the landlord to forfeit the lease (see Practice Notes: Landlord's remedies for assigning or underletting without consent and Forfeiture of a lease See also: Assignment and underletting—overview). However, it appears from your query that the landlord does not wish to ...