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11 Considerations of Quality in Qualitative Research

• Published: February 2023
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This chapter describes how excellence and quality can be demonstrated in qualitative research and provides criteria for discerning these qualities as a consumer of qualitative reports. Researchers are advised to make carefully considered choices about the terms they adopt, such as “validation,” “verification,” “credibility,” and “trustworthiness,” for describing qualitative inquiry. The chapter discusses design elements and validation strategies that researchers can use to enhance the credibility of their research, as well as ways that research participants and external reviewers can be involved in these processes. Strategic actions that researchers can take include pursuing triangulation or crystallization, presenting negative case analysis, engaging in reflexive practices, and taking steps to recognize and manage their own subjectivity. Participants can be actively engaged in validation through member reflections, by interacting with the researcher in the field over a prolonged period of time, or through more intense collaboration with researchers in various phases of the research. Additional validation strategies call for external reviewers to audit the research process and products and for readers to assess the potential transferability of research findings based on thick description provided by the researcher. We conclude the chapter with guiding questions readers can use to discern quality in the research reports they consume.

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Establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research

As the use of qualitative inquiry increases within the field of social work, researchers must consider the issue of establishing rigor in qualitative research. This article presents research procedures used in a study of autoethnographies that were written regarding the experience of being Jewish. In this project, the researchers utilized reflexivity, audit trail, triangulation by observer, peer debriefing, member check and prolonged engagement in order to manage the threats to trustworthiness as discussed by Padgett (1998). Implications of the project suggest that research procedures utilized by qualitative researchers to establish rigor are an important way to increase our confidence that the voice of the participants is heard, therefore fitting the mission of the social work profession.

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Social science research with vulnerable populations is necessary in order to address social and health problems among those in most need; yet, this research is fraught with inherent risks to its participants. Using the recent experience of conducting a study of Mexican immigrant women’s experience of intimate partner violence and help-seeking, the authors describe strategies used to prevent harm to participants. For this community of women, participation in research has the potential to expose them to physical, psychological, economic, and legal harm. Safety protocols are discussed in the areas of recruitment, interviewing, data management, and the report of findings.

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