Nervous System
Neuron (nerve cell)
| where most protein synthesis occurs. | |
- 1. Electrical signals that are transmitted by the neuron are called neural signals .
- 2. The junction between 2 neurons is called the Synapse .
- 3. The transmitting cell is called the sensory neuron .
- 4. The receiving cell is called the motor neuron .
- 5. Membrane potential is: the charge inside of a neuron, relative to the outside while resting or unstimulated.
- 6. In a resting nerve cell, the outside of the cell membrane is electrically positive with respect to the inside of the cell.
- 7. In a resting nerve cell, the concentration of sodium ions is higher outside the cell membrane than within the cell.
- 8. In the are of the nerve impulse, the cell membrane becomes permeable to sodium ions.
- 9. In the area of the nerve impulse, the outside of the cell membrane becomes electrically negative with respect to the inside.
- 10. How are sodium ions moved out of the neuron? There is a pump that uses energy to move three sodium ions out of the neuron for every two potassium ions it puts in.
- 11. What role do Potassium ions play in action potential? At rest, potassium ions (K+) can cross through the membrane easily. Also at rest, chloride ions (Cl-)and sodium ions (Na+) have a more difficult time crossing. Potassium ions help to pump sodium into the cell to change the charge.
- 12. What is the refractory period? It is the amount of time it takes for an excitable membrane to be ready for a second stimulus once it returns to its resting state
Part III - CNS
- The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of two parts:
- spinal cord
Part IV - PNS
- The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of:
- somatic nervous system (voluntary)
- autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
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Biology archive
Course: biology archive > unit 31, anatomy of a neuron.
- Overview of neuron structure and function
- The membrane potential
- Electrotonic and action potentials
- Saltatory conduction in neurons
- Neuronal synapses (chemical)
- The synapse
- Neurotransmitters and receptors
- Q & A: Neuron depolarization, hyperpolarization, and action potentials
- Overview of the functions of the cerebral cortex
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Video transcript
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
• A neuron consists of three main parts the cell body or perikaryon or soma, dendrites and axons. • The cell body is the central region which is the most important part of the neuron containing the nucleus of the cell. • The soma is, the site of major metabolic activity in the neuron.
Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and they generate electrical signals called action potentials, which allow them to quickly transmit information over long distances. Glia are also essential to nervous system function, but they work mostly by supporting the neurons.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of neurons. It discusses the main parts of a neuron including the cyton, neurites (dendrites and axon), and synapse. It describes different types of neurons based on their structure (nonpolar, unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar, multipolar), function (sensory, motor, interneurons ...
It covers the different types of neurons classified by their number of poles, functions, and axon length. The key parts of a neuron - the cell body, nucleus, Nissl bodies, axon, myelin sheath, and neurilemma - are described along with their structure and functions.
The more neurons involved, the slower the communication because of the time it takes for neurotransmitters to diffuse. Many spinal reflexes do not involve the brain. Other reflexes require the...
1. Electrical signals that are transmitted by the neuron are called neural signals. 2. The junction between 2 neurons is called the Synapse. 3. The transmitting cell is called the sensory...
Explore the structure of neurons, their types, and functions. Uncover the roles of dendrites, axons, and the soma. Learn about the axon hillock, axon terminals, and the myelin sheath. Discover the different structural types of neurons: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar. By Matt Jensen.
The neuron is the fundamental unit which makes up a nerve pathway, neural firing (neurotransmitter release) takes place at the level of the neuron, and many aspects of the physiology-behavior relationship can be explained in terms of activity at the neuronal level.
Neurons (or nerve cells) are specialized cells that transmit and receive electrical signals in the body. Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon.
Within a nervous system, a neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that fires electric signals called action potentials across a neural network.