unit 7 coursework

Interactivity
AI Assistant
Digital Sales
Online Sharing
Offline Reading
Custom Domain
Branding & Self-hosting
SEO Friendly
Create Video & Photo with AI
PDF/Image/Audio/Video Tools
Art & Culture
Food & Beverage
Home & Garden
Weddings & Bridal
Religion & Spirituality
Animals & Pets
Celebrity & Entertainment
Family & Parenting
Science & Technology
Health & Wellness
Real Estate
Business & Finance
Cars & Automobiles
Fashion & Style
News & Politics
Hobbies & Leisure
Recipes & Cookbooks
Photo Albums
Invitations
Presentations
Newsletters
Sell Content
Fashion & Beauty
Retail & Wholesale
Presentation
Help Center Check out our knowledge base with detailed tutorials and FAQs.
Learning Center Read latest article about digital publishing solutions.
Webinars Check out the upcoming free live Webinars, and book the sessions you are interested.
Contact Us Please feel free to leave us a message.

Unit 7 chapter

Description: unit 7 chapter: principles of safe practice, keywords: level 3 health and social care, read the text version.

No Text Content!

Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Principles of Safe 7Practice in Health and Social Care Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. UNIT 7 Getting to know your unit Assessment This unit has been designed to guide you through the principles of safe practice in health and social care, and to support your learning about You will be assessed by a the wider concepts of working in the caring professions. Safe working series of assignments set practices are vital for protecting you and your service users from harm, by your tutor. and for promoting their safety and wellbeing. You need to have an understanding of the policies and procedures that protect individuals from harm, the rights and responsibilities of care workers and the importance of recognising and reporting poor practice. Service users are likely to be vulnerable and you will need to know how to respond to situations and emergencies in a professional manner. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. How you will be assessed This unit will be assessed by a series of internally assessed tasks set by your tutor. Throughout this unit, you will discover assessment practices to help you work towards your assessment. Completing these practices will not mean that you have achieved a particular grade, but that you will have carried out useful research or preparation for your assessment tasks. In order to achieve a Pass in your assignments, it is important that you meet all of the Pass grading criteria. You can check on this as you work your way through your assignment. If you are hoping to achieve a Merit or Distinction, you should also ensure that you present the information in your assignment in the style that is required by the relevant assessment criterion. For example, Merit criteria require you to assess and analyse, and Distinction criteria require you to evaluate and justify. The assessment set by your tutor will consist of a number of tasks designed to meet the criteria in the Assessment criteria table. This is likely to consist of a written assignment but may also include activities such as: ▸▸ creating a report identifying types of abuse and neglect and the procedure for documenting and reporting safeguarding concerns ▸▸ analysing and reflecting on case studies of accidents and/or incidents in health and social care settings ▸▸ creating a file of policies, practices and protocols for promoting safe practice in health and social care settings. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre2at9ehd6ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Getting to know your unit UNIT 7 Assessment criteria Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care This table shows what you must do in order to achieve a Pass, Merit or Distinction grade, and where you can find activities to help you. Pass Merit Distinction Learning aim A Examine how a duty of care contributes to safe practice in health and social care settings A.P1 A.M1 A.D1 Explain the implications of a duty Assess the importance of Evaluate the significance of a duty of care of care in a selected health or social care setting. balancing individual rights with a and complaints procedures in promoting safe Assessment practice 7.1 duty of care in a selected health practice in a selected health or social care or social care setting. setting. A.P2 Assessment practice 7.1 Assessment practice 7.2 Discuss ways in which complaints and appeals procedures address failure in a duty of care in a selected health or social care setting. Assessment practice 7.1 Learning aim B U nderstand how to recognise and respond to concerns about abuse and neglect in health and social care settings B.P3 B.M2 B.D2 Describe the types and signs of abuse and neglect that may be experienced by different individuals. Assess the importance of Justify procedures for responding to concerns Assessment practice 7.2 recognising and responding to about abuse and neglect in the selected evidence or concerns about health or social care setting. B.P4 different types of abuse and Assessment practice 7.2 Explain the factors that may contribute to and reduce neglect in health and social care. the likelihood of abuse and neglect for service users in health and social care. Assessment practice 7.2 Assessment practice 7.2 B.P5 Explain how to respond to concerns about abuse and neglect in the selected health or social care setting. Assessment practice 7.2 Learning aim C Investigate the influence of health and safety legislation and policies in health and social care settings Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. C.P6 C.M3 CD.D3 Justify the effectiveness of health and safety Compare the influence of different health and safety Analyse how health and safety legislation, policies and procedures in laws or policies on health and social care practice in a legislation or policies influence maintaining health and safety in a selected selected setting. safe practice in a selected health health or social care setting. Assessment practice 7.3 or social care setting. Assessment practice 7.3 Assessment practice 7.3 CD.D4 Evaluate the importance of safe practice Learning aim D E xplore procedures and responsibilities to maintain health and principles in maintaining and promoting the health, safety and welfare of service users in a safety and respond to accidents and emergencies in health and selected health or social care setting. social care settings Assessment practice 7.4 D.P7 D.M4 Explain how different procedures maintain health and safety in a selected health or social care setting. Analyse how individual Assessment practice 7.4 responsibilities and health, safety and emergency procedures D.P8 contribute to safe practice in a Explain the health and safety responsibilities of selected health or social care employers, employees and others in a selected health setting. or social care setting. Assessment practice 7.4 Assessment practice 7.4 Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 297 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Getting started Working in health and social care means that you must consider the public’s confidence in your ability to safeguard the welfare and best interests of service users. A duty of care is a responsibility to behave in a way that promotes welfare and does not cause harm and applies to all health and social care workers. You will owe a duty of care to many people including service users, colleagues (both voluntary and paid staff), your employer, yourself, visitors, family and friends of service users and also the ‘public interest’ – this means anyone likely to observe or be affected by your actions. A Examine how a duty of care contributes to safe practice in health and social care settings Safe practice in health and social care involves employers and care workers understanding their rights and responsibilities, performing duties competently and minimising risks. In Unit 2: Working in Health and Social Care, you looked at what it is like to work in a health and social care setting. In this unit, you will be examining the principles of duty of care and safe practice. Key term Duty of care Legal obligation – a legal Legal obligation to protect wellbeing and prevent harm duty to perform, or not perform, a particular action. Duty of care is defined simply as a legal obligation to always act in the best interests of the service user and any others that may be affected by your actions. You should Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. not act, or fail to act, in a way that results in harm. You should know your limits and act within your competence level. Part of your code of professional conduct is to set relationship boundaries. It is important to understand that a professional relationship has boundaries. It is very different to your relationships with family and friends. ‘Professional detachment’ means that you can provide care objectively and without becoming emotionally involved. Safety tip You should not take on tasks that you do not think you can perform safely. Upholding the rights and promoting the interests of individuals experiencing abuse or neglect In the workplace, you may find that service users trust you and you have to act as an advocate for a vulnerable service user, to ensure that they are treated fairly and with dignity. All service users have rights. However, they may not feel able to ask for what they need because they are scared or physically intimidated by another service user, a member of their own family, a friend or even a member of staff. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre2at9ehd8ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-cerebinnotorcaklis.pporlnoeq2us0e2so0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim A UNIT 7 All service users are individuals with unique needs and abilities. Some service users Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care may lack the capacity to protect their rights because they do not have the mental Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. capacity to understand the implications of their circumstances or the consequences of their actions. 299 Safety tip Never promise to keep a secret for a service user as this may put you and the service user at risk of harm. Always tell the service user that you will not keep a secret and make sure that you follow the disclosure policy of the organisation you are working for. You should always consider how disrespectful remarks or actions may impact on the service user’s self-esteem. You must work on the principle that the service user is telling the truth – it is not your job to judge them or tell them that they are wrong. Protecting health, safety and wellbeing In the workplace, you are in a position of trust in relation to all service users. It is important to understand that a service user may be vulnerable and you have to take responsibility for the unequal distribution of power, so that the service user is not exploited, intimidated or unjustly treated. When you are working with service users, you should be able to explain to your managers how your actions were safe, fair, considered, and proportionate or warranted. You have a duty as an employee to take care of yourself. You must also consider the impact of your actions or failings on others, and take care of them as well. Ensuring safe practice Whatever care setting you work in, including in a service user’s home, you must ensure that you follow and put into practice the safe workplace policies set by your employing organisation. This is for the benefit of your employing organisation, the service user, yourself and anyone else in your working environment. Not observing safe practices may lead to accidents that can be painful and sometimes cause irreversible damage. In the worst scenario, accidents can be fatal. As well as causing injuries to people, accidents have to be investigated and may be costly both in terms of damaged health and confidence, and in loss of time and money. All work environments present hazards but this can be particularly true of the service user’s home where there may be additional problems such as large pieces of furniture or thick carpets. Both of these will create problems when using equipment such as a hoist. It is important that you consider additional environmental obstacles before you start a task with a service user. You must plan tasks carefully in order to minimise risks and the floor should be as clear as possible. Safety tip Remember that the floor should be as clear as possible. Pets, such as cats and dogs, can prove to be hazards. Pets should be moved to a different room before you perform any task involving large equipment, such as hoists or wheelchairs, or if your service user needs assistance to walk. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. ▸▸ Make sure that you explain to The Care Quality Commission (CQC) requires that health and safety training should your service user why you need to be part of your induction to the care workplace. Training is an important part of safe remove their pet from the room and effective working practice and you should ensure that you attend your training before starting a procedure where sessions to learn about this important aspect of your working life. After training, you their pet may present a hazard. should have a working knowledge of the fundamental health and safety procedures for your workplace, in order to practice and promote safe working procedures. You should adopt and promote a culture of safe practice and set and maintain high standards of care for yourself and others. Part of your personal professional development should include reflective practice. In health and safety terms, this should include questions such as: ‘Did I use the correct health and safety procedures in my work?’ and ‘If not, how could I improve safety in the care setting next time?’ Share your skills and understanding, and also be open to other people’s experience. Care is a team effort and you need to be part of the open analytical reflection of the practices of your workplace. It is also important to use constructive criticism to improve your professional practice. Code of conduct A code of conduct is a framework to work to. It tells you how to behave when interacting with others, maintain and improve the quality of your service, be effective in what you do, stay safe and promote the safety of others. The code of conduct sets the standards for your profession. It gives people an idea of what to expect and an indication of how to tell when things do not meet these standards, or when things can be improved. P a use p o int Why can a ‘code of conduct’ improve the care experience for both service users and staff? Hint Extend Think about the importance of people’s expectations of a service. How might the way in which a healthcare professional dresses make an impression on the wider public? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Key term Balancing individual rights with risks Constructive criticism We live in a complex, multicultural society in which needs, rights and associate risks – comments made in a may be interpreted very differently. We do not live in isolation, so one person’s qualified manner to change choices usually have an effect on other individuals, whether positively or negatively. behaviour and develop Healthcare professionals may have power over those in their care that service users professional practice. find difficult to challenge. Many service users fear losing their independence, which can cause conflict with healthcare professionals and friends and family, who may feel that the service user will not be able to cope with independent living. Additionally, service users have the right to accept or reject any course of treatment or care that is offered to them. Research Using the internet, research Ashya King. His parents took him abroad for brain tumour treatment as they did not agree with the treatment offered in the UK. Discuss the following questions. Do you feel that Ashya’s parents had the right to remove Ashya? What risks were they taking on Ashya’s behalf? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at0ehd0ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim A UNIT 7 Before examining duty of care and the policies and procedures involved, it may be Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care helpful for you to think about the service user as an individual. Service users have the right to make informed choices even if those choices may involve a small amount of risk. Safety tip Different care settings have different policies and procedures, depending on the needs of the service users. Always familiarise yourself with the policies and procedures of the organisation that you are working for before you start to deliver care. Acting in a person’s best interests When working in care, you may be concerned about the choices that some service users are making. You may think that the choices that you would make in a particular situation would be better. You may think that you are acting in a person’s best interests by preventing them from doing something. You can only do this if you have their consent unless you have evidence that the person lacks the capacity to make that particular decision at the time it needs to be made. Case study Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Jimmy’s choices with his personal care needs. Jimmy has started getting breathless and sometimes needs oxygen in addition to Anil works for an agency that provides care for people his medication. in their own homes. He cares for Jimmy, an elderly man with chronic lung disease and limited mobility. He likes to smoke and is strong willed and assertive. Anil has to get his shopping for him and help Jimmy Jimmy has run out of cigarettes and asks Anil to go to the shop and pick up three packs of twenty cigarettes. Anil reluctantly goes to the shop. He thinks that what he is doing is wrong. Anil knows that he has a duty of care to Jimmy. When he gets back, Jimmy’s sister is at the house and is cross with Jimmy for smoking. She threatens to report Anil for encouraging him. Check your knowledge 1 What do you need to consider when acting in someone’s best interests? 2 How do you ensure that someone is making an ‘informed choice’? 3 What should you do if you have concerns about a service user’s behaviour? 4 How should Anil protect himself from complaints by Jimmy or his family in this situation? P a use p o int Can you give examples of when and where you may try to act in someone’s best interests? Hint Extend Think about health care, social care and home care settings. What might happen if someone tried to make decisions for the service user without their consent? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 301 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Reflect Smoking cigarettes used to be allowed in certain rooms on hospital wards in the UK, including maternity units. The government has banned this. However, people still have the right to smoke in their homes and open air. Find out the policy on smoking for patients in long-stay care institutions. Find information about UK health policy on smoking in hospital at www.nice.org.uk. Complaints procedures Complaints policies and procedures Most of the time in care settings, things do not go wrong. However, if they do, people have the right to complain. The CQC has the power to respond to complaints about the quality of service that you, or the organisation that you work for, may have delivered. This is shown in Table 7.1. ▸▸ Table 7.1 CQC complaints procedure Organisation/service How to complain If you are not satisfied with complaint is about the response NHS hospital, GP, Complain to the organisation •• You can find information dentist or other NHS that commissions (pays for and about the Health Service service. arranges) the service. For example, Ombudsman at www. in England this is NHS England. ombudsman.org.uk. Private health care Complain to the organisation •• You can contact the that you have paid for directly. For larger organisations Association of Independent yourself. you will need to contact their Healthcare Organisations head office. (AIHO). Care home, nursing Contact the service directly to •• You can complain to your home, home-care make your complaint. This gives local council, if they paid for agency or other social them the chance to try to put the care. You can find contact care service. things right for you. details for your local council by visiting www.gov.uk. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. The use of the Mental Contact the CQC. Health Act (2007), •• You can also contact the Local whether the person is Government Ombudsman at detained in hospital www.lgo.org.uk. or on a community treatment order. •• Service users detained under the Mental Health Act (2007) Social services The local authority. are entitled by law to have decisions. access to an Independent Mental Health Advocate (IMHA). IMHAs are trained in the Mental Health Act and can advise you about your health or social care service rights. For more information about IMHAs, visit www.scie.org.uk. You can find out the contact details for your local authority at www.gov.uk. The NHS. Contact the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO). Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at0ehd2ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim A UNIT 7 Research Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care In England, care standards are monitored by the CQC, in Scotland, by the Care Inspectorate and Healthcare Improvement Scotland, in Wales, by the Care and Social Care Inspectorate and, in Northern Ireland, by the Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority. Visit the website of the care standards agency in your country to find out about the checks and balances on care provision. The reasons why complaints are made There are many reasons why people may complain about the care that they or their relatives or friends receive. ▸▸ Service users not having their needs met. This can happen in both health and social care settings and may result in harm being done to the service user. Remember, not all harm is physical; some service users may be emotionally harmed by poor quality care. ▸▸ Care worker’s behaviour or attitude. Care workers may be abrupt, disrespectful or careless. Some care workers find it hard to maintain a level of professionalism in their work and may speak to the service users in the same casual or off-hand way that they would speak to their friends. ▸▸ Discrimination. People may be discriminated against for any perceived difference, such as gender, race, disability or sexuality. Discrimination and being treated less favourably can sometimes be passed off as a joke or the person discriminated against is considered to be ‘over-sensitive’ by the people perpetrating it. ▸▸ The cost of care. Care can be very expensive and in a free-market, costs can vary a lot. Some service users may feel like they are not being given value for their money. ▸▸ Abuse or neglect. Everyone has the right to expect a high standard of care, but some care workers cannot or will not provide high levels of service. The consequences of abuse or neglect are serious, and can be fatal. Discussion Why is it important for people to complain if they are not satisfied with the levels of care that they receive? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Case study Sara needs help Sara is 53 and has early onset dementia. Her family live nearby and visit her daily but they cannot be there all of the time. To begin with, Sara just needed help with daily tasks such as shopping, cooking, cleaning and maintaining a safe environment. However, recently Sara has started to need more help with personal care. Sara’s new home help is always in a hurry. She rushes Sara, leaving her confused and anxious. Last week Sara’s daughter came round to visit and was surprised to see bruises on Sara’s upper arms. She asked the carer how she got them and the carer said that Sara had banged into the door frame as she was passing through the doorway. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 303 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. This week Sara had bruises on her wrists. When Sara’s trust of her service user. The carer’s manager had also daughter asked Sara what had happened she said that failed in their duty of care by not providing enough time the carer was rough with her and was always trying to for the carer to discharge her duties. make her rush and, if she was not quick enough, then the carer would shout at her. Check your knowledge There was no documentation about the bruising 1 What do you do if you have concerns about the on either occasion. The carer had left herself open quality of care that an individual is receiving? to criticism or even prosecution by not keeping appropriate documentation. The carer had failed in her 2 What do you need to consider before making a duty of care to Sara by not keeping her safe. She had complaint? also failed to observe her code of professional conduct because she gave poor quality care and had lost the 3 What changes are required in Sara’s care provision to ensure that it is satisfactory? P a use p o int Some people do not complain even if they are not receiving the care that they need. Suggest reasons why this happens. Hint Extend Think about the patient’s capacity, their isolation or their vulnerability. How could you support someone who feels that they ought to make a complaint? Key term Investigating complaints Extenuating circumstances NHS organisations must make arrangements for dealing with complaints in accordance – conditions beyond your with The Local Authority Social Services and NHS Complaints (England) Regulations control which delay normal 2009. According to these regulations, a complaint should be made within 12 months of action or reaction time. the cause of the complaint, unless there are extenuating circumstances. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Under these regulations, the complaint must be investigated in a timely fashion and the complainant kept informed of the progress of the investigation. The regulations state: ▸▸ complaints should be investigated by someone of appropriate standing who is not involved in the cause of the complaint – the complainant must have confidence that the investigation is going to be thorough and impartial ▸▸ people making a complaint should be told which organisation will be investigating their complaint ▸▸ complaints should be investigated properly – the investigation should be thorough and documented ▸▸ complaints should be taken seriously and complainants treated with courtesy and respect ▸▸ the complainant should give permission for disclosure of the circumstances, or their personal information relating to the complaint, and who can be informed of the events leading to the complaint ▸▸ everyone needs to have confidence in the process – the investigation should be proportional to the complaint made and it is important to remember that investigations can be stressful for staff ▸▸ the person who complains should be told the outcome of the investigation into their complaint ▸▸ action must be taken, where necessary, to safeguard the welfare of future service users – it is not enough to deal with problems on an issue-by-issue basis, especially if the problem is within the care delivery system. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at0ehd4ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim A UNIT 7 ▸▸ Why might a person left on a trolley in a hospital corridor complain? Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Complaints can be made orally (face-to-face or by telephone), in writing or electronically (by email or via an organisation’s website). If they are made orally, then a written transcript must be produced. The Citizens Advice Bureau website provides some useful help about making a complaint. Step by step: Making a complaint 4 Steps Joyce is 83 and she was found wandering in the street in her nightclothes in the middle of the day. She was confused and disorientated. She was taken to hospital but had to wait on a trolley in the accident and emergency department for six hours following her initial assessment. This was because there were no inpatient beds free and she could not be admitted until one became available the next day. Joyce’s daughter, Ailish, decided to complain and was informed of the complaints procedure. Ailish used the following complaint procedure. 1 Ailish wrote a letter of complaint to the hospital. 2 The complaint was acknowledged within three days. The hospital discussed with Ailish how her complaint would be managed, and how long this would take. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. 3 The complaint was investigated. Ailish was informed of the outcome, and the proposed actions to minimise the risk of this happening again. The outcome of the inquiry stated that the incident occurred as a result of the ‘winter-bed crisis’ and that the hospital could not be held liable for extraordinary levels of demand. No action would be taken over the fact that Joyce did not have a psychiatric assessment. 4 Ailish was not satisfied with this outcome and appealed to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman. Responding to complaints with respect and treating them seriously 305 There are some key things that those investigating a complaint must do. The person making the complaint may not know their rights so it is important that you, as a health worker, are fully informed and able to support them. If you are not sure yourself, do not just guess or dismiss the request for help and support. Refer the complainant to someone who can help them, such as a senior carer or a manager. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. A person dealing with a complaint about the care a service user has received, about health care or social care, must treat the complainant with dignity and respect, and treat the complaint seriously. Research Visit the CQC website (www.cqc.org.uk) and find out the advice they offer to service providers who are responding to complaints. Using complaints to improve the quality of service provision Complaints can highlight areas of care that can be improved on. As a care worker, it is important that you can see the positive effects of the complaints procedure. Service users are entitled to high-quality care and, where opportunity for improvements has been identified, it is important that those improvements are made. There may be simple steps that can be taken to improve care, or there may need to be a major overhaul of the practice employed by the institution that you work for. Whatever the outcome of an investigation, it is important that you adopt the new procedures identified and follow any new policies. P a use p o int Can you give examples of complaints that people make about health or social care provision? Hint Extend Think about the things that can go wrong and the potential outcome for the health or welfare of the service user. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. What happens if recommendations for improvements are not communicated to staff, are ignored or not followed properly? Legal proceedings and clinical negligence Most service users receive excellent care. However, when care falls below standard it can become negligent or even dangerous enough to cause harm to the service user. When this happens, the service user or their advocate may decide that the problem is serious enough to be considered a criminal act. Everyone within society is entitled to the protection of the law and access to justice including both the service user and the care worker. The Care Act 2014 replaces ‘No Secrets’ guidance (Department of Health, 2000) and makes safeguarding adults a statutory duty. Practitioners and managers who suspect that an adult service user has been the victim of criminal behaviour, or is at risk of becoming a victim, must inform the police immediately. For example, conduct that amounts to neglect and abuse, such as physical assault or theft from a patient, can be a specific criminal offence (eg under the Theft Act (1968)). For example, if a patient dies as a result of abuse or deliberate neglect by a care worker, legal proceedings can result in a charge of manslaughter. Legal proceedings are taken against healthcare practitioners who have caused harm to a service user, whereas a clinical negligence action is about claiming compensation. In these cases, the court cannot: ▸▸ discipline the healthcare professional (disciplinary procedures are performed by employers) ▸▸ force a healthcare worker or an organisation to change the way it works, or how it delivers a service ▸▸ make a healthcare worker apologise to the person making the claim. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at0ehd6ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim A UNIT 7 Some causes for a claim of clinical negligence may be: Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care ▸▸ a late diagnosis, or a misdiagnosis ▸▸ an error made during surgery by a healthcare professional ▸▸ a medication error, for example the wrong medication was given or an incorrect dosage ▸▸ informed consent not being given by the service user before treatment (the service user must understand what they are consenting (saying yes) to) ▸▸ the service user not understanding the risks involved in a particular treatment. An individual injured as a result of negligent medical treatment may be able to take legal action for compensation. A service user’s next of kin can also take legal action on their behalf, for example if the service user lacks the mental capacity to take the action or if the service user has died. If you have concerns about your service user’s welfare, you must ensure that you share them with your line manager in accordance with the policies and procedures of your organisation. If your service user is unlikely to remember the details of an incident, or even that they have made a complaint, this should also be recorded. Case study Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Baby P Check your knowledge Peter Connelly, known as Baby P, died in 2007 in 1 How did the healthcare professionals involved in Haringey, London, aged 17 months. At autopsy, he was this case fail in their duty of care to Peter Connelly? found to have swallowed one of his teeth after being punched in the face, he had a broken back, broken 2 Why is it important to ask specific and directed ribs and mutilated finger tips. His mother’s boyfriend questions of the carers and relatives of service users was found guilty of causing his death. The family were with regard to their care, if the service user cannot known to social services and had made numerous visits speak for themselves? to healthcare professionals, where injuries and incidents of suspected abuse were noticed. 3 What should you do if relatives refuse to answer your questions or become hostile? Peter’s death led to a Serious Case Review as failings had been identified in the practice of the social workers, 4 Why is it important to follow up the actions on their managers and the medical professionals directly concerns that you have reported? involved in Baby P’s care. 5 What should you do if you feel that the parents or carers of your service user are trying to prevent you from doing your job competently or efficiently? Safety tip 307 Accurate record keeping is essential in all care settings. This is especially the case once a complaint has been made. If legal proceedings are started, an absence of time/dated documentation may weaken a case and make the defendant vulnerable. Discussion Why is it important for the law to be used to investigate acts of deliberate neglect or abuse? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Assessment practice 7.1 A.P1 A.P2 A.M1 A.D1 A care worker works in a home for people with learning Plan difficulties. One day, she is with a colleague when a service user mentions that they are in love with someone •• What am I being asked to do? and would like a relationship with them. •• How confident am I with this task? Are there areas Her colleague says that this is impossible for someone like where I might have problems? ‘them’. The service user starts to cry. •• Am I confident that I know what the operative verbs •• Produce a short report on the duty of care with regard mean? Do I understand the difference between to maintaining dignity, why this would be important to ‘explain’ and ‘evaluate’? the service user and a step-by-step guide to reporting breaches of a duty of care. Do •• Discuss how complaints and appeals procedures •• I know what I am doing and what I want to achieve. address a failure in duty of care. •• I can check my work to see where I have made •• Evaluate the importance of the duty of care and mistakes and make changes to correct them. complaints procedures in promoting safe practice. Review Explain the importance of advocating for vulnerable individuals in health and social care settings, and assess •• I can explain what the task was and how I the importance of balancing individual rights with duty of approached it. care. •• I know what I would do differently next time, and how I would approach the parts that I found difficult this time. B Understand how to recognise and respond to concerns about abuse and neglect in health and social care settings Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Key terms Abuse is mistreatment of a service user by one or more people which violates the service user’s civil, legal or human rights. Abuse can take many forms and Abuse – an action deliberately the impact on the service user, their family and the wider community can be intended to cause harm or devastating. distress. Civil rights – the right to Recognising the signs and symptoms of abuse or neglect and acting appropriately political and social freedom, is the responsibility of all care workers. You need to know what you are looking for and equality. and how to act if you find it. You must report your concerns to your manager. Never Legal rights – the rules set by be tempted to ‘take matters into your own hands’ or act outside the policies and a legal system about what a procedures that govern your profession. person is entitled to, such as the protection of property or You should not let emotions about the situation cloud your judgement. Your role is to person. support the service user and to remain professional. In order to support your service Human rights – the principles users properly when working in care, you will need to be resilient and set aside your of human behaviour expected own thoughts and feelings about a particular situation. of everyone regardless of nationality, place of residence, Be aware that sometimes you may see incidents of abuse or neglect that will distress sex, national or ethnic origin, you. Always ensure that you also get the support that you need to deal with the colour or religion. feelings or emotions that you may experience. Individuals have civil rights, legal rights and human rights. It is important that you are aware of the difference between these terms, but that all of these rights are applied equally. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at0ehd8ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 Types and signs of abuse and neglect Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care NON-CRIMINAL ignoring mental cruelty (nnoeng-lcercitminal) CRIMINAL assault isolation theft sexual assault criminal negligence fraud infantilisation forgery CRIMINAL & failure to extortion NON-CRIMINAL provide necessities of life ABUSE & humiliation stalking or forcible NEGLECT harassment conﬁnement WHEEL intimidation murder threats frightening manslaughter ridicule CRIMINAL insulting NON-CRIMINAL Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. ▸▸ Figure 7.1 There are many different forms of abuse and neglect, the effects of which can be Key term long-term and devastating Neglect – failure to provide proper care. Types of abuse and neglect Key term Neglect and acts of omission Act of omission – failing to Neglect can occur when a service user’s needs are simply not met. Failing to leave a provide something which is drink within reach of a service user is neglect, deliberately leaving a drink out of reach needed, such as medication is abuse. or respect. Neglect can take many forms. It may be physical, for example poor cleanliness. This may be self-neglect, where an individual simply stops taking care of their personal hygiene or nutritional needs. The neglect may be visible, where you can see that their clothes are not laundered, that personal hygiene has not been observed or that the person may be inadequately dressed for the season. You may notice, for example that they are wearing a thin summer jacket in the middle of winter. However, there may be no physical signs of neglect. Instead, neglect may show as a range of behaviours that cause concern. For example, the service user may be left alone in a darkened room with no means of contacting anyone for help. Neglect is also the failure to protect a vulnerable individual from emotional harm. For example, it is neglect if you allow a service user to be shouted at by another service user or a relative when you know this causes them distress. An act of omission may occur when a health or social care professional fails to meet the required standards of their professional code of conduct. It can relate to failing to observe a service user’s preferences or failing to maintain their dignity. It may include Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 309 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. things that are not done for the service user, for example because of a conflict with the carer’s preferences. An example of this may be that the service user has a strong faith but the carer does not take them to their place of worship, meaning that the service user’s spiritual needs are not met. Service users have a right to expect to be treated with dignity and to have their privacy protected. As a care worker, you have a vital role to play in this aspect of the service user’s emotional wellbeing. Remember that people are all different and the value systems of people of different ages, cultures, backgrounds or genders will not necessarily be the same. Things that upset service users, such as being called by the wrong name, may not bother you but the key thing to remember in person-centred care is that it is the service user’s preferences that are most important. Case study Mrs Richardson Mrs Richardson likes getting dressed up, even if she is not going anywhere. When her daughter went into hospital, a homecare worker was sent to help Mrs Richardson with her basic needs. The care worker said that, as she was not going anywhere, then there was no point ‘getting all dolled up’ and that all that was needed was a change of nightdress so that she would feel fresher. Mrs Richardson is 78 and becoming increasingly frail. Check your knowledge She lives with her daughter in a two bedroom flat on the tenth floor of a tower block. As her daughter does not 6 Why has the care worker been neglectful? Why work and Mrs Richardson’s friends have moved away should Mrs Richardson complain? or died, they have very few visitors. Usually, they stay together and keep each other company. 7 What support will Mrs Richardson need to make a complaint? 8 Why is it important to maintain a service user’s dignity and respect their choices? 9 What do you need to consider when delivering personal care? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Physical abuse Physical abuse includes many aggressive acts such as hitting, punching, pushing or burning. Using medication in a way that it is not prescribed in order to subdue the service user is also abuse. Physical abuse also includes force feeding, slapping or breaking bones by inappropriate movement, for example causing a fracture by forcing a service user’s arm into a sleeve awkwardly. You may see other carers pinching or poking or slapping a patient and saying things like, ‘It’s only a joke’ or ‘We’re playing, it’s fine’. Nothing is fine if it causes harm or distress to a service user who may not feel empowered to complain. You have a responsibility (duty of care) to report your concerns so that they are properly investigated. Always read a service user’s care plan before you start caring for them, so that you can confidently and professionally manage any atypical behaviour, such as a service user displaying aggression. Inappropriate reaction to this type of behaviour could leave you vulnerable to accusations of abuse. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at1ehd0ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 P a use p o int Why should you take another care worker with you to perform a personal care task Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care if a service user is unpredictable? Hint Extend Think about the risk of physical harm to yourself and the service user if they become aggressive. What may happen to you if a service user in your care is found to have unaccounted- for bruising? Psychological abuse Key term Psychological abuse is caused by someone behaving in such a way as to cause a psychological trauma. As a carer, you may notice a change in your service user. For Psychological trauma – a example, they may become very anxious, or depressed, they may be self-harming or feeling of helplessness and deliberately placing themselves in high-risk situations such as running into busy traffic, vulnerability following very as an expression of their emotional pain, or they may develop anorexia. stressful events. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. An individual may be subjected to psychological abuse for a long time. Although it can be just as devastating as physical abuse, without any obvious physical signs it may not be noticed for a longer period of time. Psychological abuse is the act of inflicting emotional abuse, verbal abuse or humiliation. It includes name calling and undermining someone’s confidence. Emotional abuse may include: ▸▸ threatening to withdraw affection if the person does not behave in a certain way or perform a particular action ▸▸ acting in an inconsistent way, sometimes being affectionate and sometimes not, in order to manipulate someone and leave them unsure of how to behave to get the affection back ▸▸ threat of punishment ▸▸ saying hurtful things in order to exercise control by reducing a person’s self- confidence or sense of self-worth. Verbal abuse may include: ▸▸ deliberately using language that a service user will find disrespectful ▸▸ shouting or threatening a service user ▸▸ criticising a service user in a way that makes them feel insecure, unsafe or lowers their self-esteem – this may be done over a long period of time and gradually reduce the service user’s sense of self-worth. Humiliation may include: ▸▸ belittling a service user in the presence of family, friends, other care givers or even strangers ▸▸ deliberately undermining a service user ▸▸ deliberately embarrassing a service user by disclosing private information. Reflect Psychological abuse of elderly people may be unnoticed for a long time as they may be more isolated. Elder abuse can include emotional abuse, verbal abuse, humiliation, or threats of punishment. Find out the steps that you can take if you think that an elderly person is being abused. You can access ‘Report abuse of an older person’ at www.gov.uk. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 311 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Key term Sexual abuse Empathy – the ability to recognise and understand the Sexual abuse is forcing a person to take part in sexual behaviour for which they have feelings of others. no desire. It does not have to include touching genitalia (private parts), it can also include non-touching activities. Sexual abuse involving touching may include genitals, Case study penetration of the mouth, vagina or anus, or forcing another to touch genitals against their will. Examples of non-touching sexual abuse include forcing a person to watch pornography, photographing them in sexual poses, forcing them to watch or listen to sexual acts or exposing genitalia to a person when they do not want to see them. Sexual harassment may be passed off as a joke by the perpetrator but may rapidly escalate into behaviour that is not only unprofessional but can also lead to emotional harm. Care workers often have to deliver personal care when the service user is naked. Do not forget that having no clothes on often makes people feel very vulnerable and they may display a range of reactions to this feeling. Service users may try to abuse carers by using lewd or suggestive language or by inappropriate touching. It is important that you maintain your professionalism, remind the service user of what is and is not appropriate behaviour and report such incidents to your line manager. You will need to use empathy to help you to understand why people are reacting in a certain way to their own personal care needs, how you can make them feel more secure and what you need to do to in order to support them in their care needs so that they do not get upset and potentially make accusations against you for sexual abuse. You must be aware of your behaviour at all times. You should not do or say things which may be misinterpreted. It is not acceptable for care workers to joke about or direct a sexual remark at a service user or at another member of staff in the presence of a service user. You must report any such activity to your manager in order for the matter to be dealt with. In severe cases, sexual harassment can lead to prosecution under the Equality Act (2010) as it is a form of discrimination. Sexual activity where the individual cannot give consent You need to be aware of the signs of sexual activity without consent for service users with complex needs as they may be unaware themselves that abuse has occurred. A service user cannot consent to sexual activity if they are unconscious or they lack the capacity to give informed consent. Changing relationships could not feed herself and required all her care needs to be met by the carers. Beryl developed Alzheimer’s disease when she was 74. She had been married for 50 years by then and she and Bert’s feelings for Beryl had not changed and he her husband Bert had always been so happy. As her had spoken before about them having a full sexual health deteriorated, Bert found it increasingly hard to relationship, even after Beryl’s diagnosis and up until cope. Eventually, after two years, and very reluctantly, she moved to the care home. He had also spoken about he asked that she should be moved to a nursing home. how he missed that intimacy. One Sunday, Bert brought Bert visited every day and took Beryl out for lunch every Beryl back and mentioned to staff that there had been Sunday. Bert still lived in the home that they had shared sexual intimacy that afternoon between himself and all their married life. Beryl because he just loved her so much and missed that side of the relationship. Beryl deteriorated to the point where she did not recognise Bert or anyone else. She was incontinent, Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at1ehd2ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 Check your knowledge 3 Why is it important that all incidents of concern are Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care investigated by the appropriate professionals? 1 Why is what happened to Beryl abuse if she is still married to Bert? 4 What does your manager need to consider before referring the matter to the police? 2 Why might Bert think that he has not done anything wrong by having sexual intercourse with Beryl? Financial abuse Key terms Financial abuse is a type of theft. It is another name for stealing money or valuables from a service user or of defrauding them of their money or property. Often the Defraud – to trick or deceive people who defraud vulnerable service users of their property or inheritance are someone into giving you considered ‘friends’ by the service user. They can be very close to or get very close to money. the service user, they may have power of attorney or they may simply steal a service user’s bank details or property. You may notice that small objects of high value, such as Power of attorney – the jewellery, are missing. Remember to be tactful if you ask questions about where things legal authority granted to an have gone as there may be a very simple explanation. If there is a cause for concern, individual to make decisions then you must report this to your manager. on behalf of someone else. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Financial abuse is a crime and should always be investigated. However, some service users are reluctant to press charges when they are being financially abused by a relative and/or their primary carer. It is often a very difficult issue to address because the service user may assume that they have made a mistake or they may be perceived as an unreliable witness because of their vulnerability/frailty. As a care worker, you should try to ensure that vulnerable people do not fall victim to scams and ‘Get rich quick’ schemes and that someone is not trying to defraud them of their property or inheritance. Many elderly or vulnerable people are victims of cybercrime or literature received through the post asking for upfront payments, for example to retrieve a jackpot prize, or requesting bank details. You should alert your service users to the dangers of these scams. As a care worker, you are also vulnerable to accusations of financial abuse. If a service user asks you to take money out of their purse or wallet to ‘Buy yourself something nice for being so kind’, always refuse politely. Remember that you are just doing your job. If they forget that they told you to take the money, or they later deny it, you would have no defence. Abuse by discrimination It is important, as a care worker, that you are aware of the different types of discrimination and can recognise them when you see them. People can be discriminated against on many different grounds, including: ▸▸ age ▸▸ sex/gender ▸▸ race ▸▸ culture ▸▸ religion ▸▸ ability ▸▸ sexual orientation. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 313 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Sometimes it is hard to know whether someone is being discriminated against, so ask yourself some simple questions such as: Can everybody who wants to take part in this event participate (whatever it is – a meal, sport or a fun activity)? If not, why not? Has it been organised or arranged so that a particular section of society cannot participate? Has that group been offered an alternative of equal value or importance to them? The Equality Act (2010), which replaced the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), enshrines the principle of inclusivity. Research The Equality Act (2010) identifies nine protected characteristics. What are these characteristics? Why do you think they were chosen? P a use p o int Why should you reflect on your own practices and evaluate your handling of situations involving vulnerable service users? Hint Extend Think about the principle of minimising risk for yourself and the service user. How can self-evaluation of professional practice improve your performance in the workplace? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Key terms Domestic abuse Domestic abuse can be defined as an incident, or number of incidents, where a person Controlling behaviour – is subjected to behaviours that control, scare, threaten or try to persuade them to domination and manipulation do something against their will. There is a government definition for domestic abuse. of one individual by another. This definition includes the following ideas about what domestic abuse is. It occurs between people who are over 16 and are, or have been, intimate or are, or have Coercive behaviour – been, a family. It can also occur between people who simply live at the same address. manipulation of one person Domestic abuse may take the form of physical, sexual, financial or emotional abuse. by another, usually through threats. Controlling and coercive behaviours are now recognised as abusive within domestic relationships. For example, in a relationship where someone tries to Disempower – make a dominate another person by only allowing them to go to certain places or to see person or a group less certain people. They may also try to manipulate the other person by threatening confident or less likely to violence. For example, a service user may feel coerced into handing over money succeed. because they are threatened with violence although they have never actually been hit. You will need to be aware, as a care worker, that some service users may feel too intimidated or disempowered to seek help. There are some practical steps that you can take: ▸▸ do not be critical, the service user needs to be supported not judged ▸▸ report your concerns to your line manager ▸▸ make sure your concerns are recorded and sign the documentation appropriate to your workplace ▸▸ never promise the service user that you will keep it a secret. Discussion Some people do not think that they are being abused when the evidence suggests that they are. What should you do if the service user does not want your support? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at1ehd4ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 Signs of abuse and neglect Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Signs of neglect and acts of omission As a care worker, you are in a good position to note changes in a service user’s physical appearance. There are many key physical indicators of neglect or acts of omission, such as: ▸▸ unkempt appearance ▸▸ unexplained weight loss ▸▸ ulcers, especially to the legs ▸▸ pressure ulcers (also called bed sores). It is important to report your concerns to your line manager so that they can be properly investigated. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. ▸▸ A pressure ulcer (bed sore) can take a long time to heal and may become infected ▸▸ Elderly people tend to bruise very easily Signs of physical abuse You may think that you have identified signs of physical neglect such as bruises, but are concerned that there may be an innocent explanation and that you are making a fuss. Elderly people tend to bruise very easily. Poor manual handling techniques are a form of neglect. If you see ‘finger mark bruises’ or marks to parts of the body that are not usually touched when supporting a service user in their daily living activities, for example on the face, neck or feet, then this could be a sign of abuse. You should document any bruises that you notice and report this to your manager immediately. Discussion Other signs of physical abuse or neglect may include burn marks, malnutrition or broken bones. Is it acceptable to believe the service user’s explanation of an injury to their body? Signs of psychological abuse 315 Psychological abuse can change a service user’s behaviour in a way that you might notice. For example, they may become anxious or withdrawn, perhaps they are chatty and then stop abruptly in the presence of their abuser, or they may cry a lot. There is not necessarily one definitive sign that will show you that your service user is being abused, you are looking for a change in behaviour – particularly an unexplained change. It can be difficult to see and some service users will try really hard to cover up what is happening to them. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Case study Pedro’s mother Check your knowledge 1 What do you think has caused the change in Yolanda is 67. In less than two months she has changed from being outgoing and confident to being withdrawn Yolanda? and suspicious. She has always had a strained relationship with her son, Pedro. Recently, following his 2 What should Amina do? divorce, Pedro has moved in with Yolanda. 3 How can the practice nurse support Yolanda? Pedro is always very brusque with the carers and appears to be hostile towards them. Whenever Amina, 4 What should happen if Yolanda refuses help? the practice nurse, comes to dress Yolanda’s leg ulcers and Pedro is there, Amina notices the cowering looks 5 Who could Amina report her concerns to if she that Yolanda gives him. Yolanda is afraid to speak, is fears that Yolanda is in danger? fidgety and far too keen to please her son. When her son is not in the room, Yolanda just looks very sad and 6 What could happen if Amina does not report her frail. Pedro’s mother is a changed woman. concerns? Signs of sexual abuse As a carer, you must be aware of the signs of sexual abuse such as bruising or bleeding around the anal or genital areas, or the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy. If you observe any of these signs or symptoms, you must report them to your line manager. Preserve any evidence, such as blood- or semen-stained underwear. Remember to be compassionate and respect the dignity of your service user. P a use p o int Why must you act quickly and professionally, following your workplace policies and procedures when you suspect abuse? Hint Extend Think about the possibility of any legal proceedings that may follow. How can identifying incidents of abuse affect the emotional welfare of the care giver? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Signs of financial abuse Financial abuse can be perpetrated by anyone that the service user trusts with their financial information. Vulnerable adults are statistically more likely to be subject to financial abuse than other members of society. They are often targeted by people who want to take advantage of their intellectual or emotional vulnerability. The individual targeted is then manipulated into thinking that they are not being exploited. As a carer, you may see that valuable items are missing from the service user’s home or that the service user is short of money. Even a small loss can have a big impact on the service user’s welfare. They may be left unable to pay for the services that they need or unable to pay their rent or household bills. The service user may also suffer the range of emotions usually associated with being the victim of a robbery. Signs of discriminatory practice Discrimination is treating someone less favourably because of a perceived difference. It can lead others to behave in a similarly discriminatory manner leaving the subject of this kind of abuse feeling targeted, helpless or vulnerable. Anyone can be the object of Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at1ehd6ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 discrimination. It may take the form of sexual harassment, bullying or racism and lead Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care to the person discriminated against being subjected to: ▸▸ denial of choice about their care, or even what care is offered to them ▸▸ denial of privacy and dignity, and maybe of personal belongings ▸▸ punishments, such as being denied food and drink ▸▸ refusal of access to services, denial of disabled access or even being excluded from care settings inappropriately. Being discriminated against can lead to a spectrum of feelings ranging from anger and frustration to being withdrawn, anxious or having low self-esteem. You need to advocate for your service users who are subjected to discriminatory practices. Reflect Think about your reaction the last time that you thought that you were treated unfairly. Could something have been done so that you did not think that you had been treated less favourably than someone else? How will this make you treat others in the future? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Factors that could contribute to an individual being vulnerable to abuse or neglect Vulnerable groups Service users may be vulnerable for a number of reasons outside of their control. Anyone reliant on assistance from others in order to perform the activities of daily life is vulnerable to abuse and neglect. Everyone has different physical, intellectual, emotional and social (PIES) needs. People with similar needs may be classed as groups within society and a person may be part of different groups at different times in their lives. A person may be considered vulnerable by reason of any of their PIES needs. Discussion Why is it important to be aware of the reasons for a person’s vulnerability when trying to minimise the risk of abuse or neglect? Physical vulnerability Key term There are many reasons that your service user could be physically vulnerable and Chronic medical condition these may contribute greatly to the risk of abuse or neglect. A service user may have – a persistent or long- a chronic medical condition such as arthritis or they may have a physical disability lasting disorder, such as such as quadriplegia. As people age, their physical frailty increases and their strength osteoarthritis. may diminish. This can make them more vulnerable to physical abuse and more susceptible to neglect. Younger people may also be vulnerable to physical abuse as they are often smaller (shorter and less heavy) than their abuser. Discussion Suggest reasons why people with physical disabilities, chronic medical conditions or sensory impairments such as blindness, may be more at risk of abuse or neglect. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 317 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Key term Cognitive impairment Cognitive impairment – condition, ranging from mild Cognitive impairment can have a large range of causes. A person with cognitive to more severe, in which impairment may have difficulty protecting themselves from abuse, exploitation or neglect. an individual has trouble remembering, concentrating Causes of cognitive impairment can include head injury or being born with learning and learning, or in making disabilities. The extent of the cognitive impairment will have an impact on how likely decisions. the service user is to be able to protect themselves from abuse or neglect. Each service user is an individual and their circumstances are unique. When you are working in care Key terms it is important to assess each situation separately and not to make assumptions based Emotional vulnerability on an individual’s diagnosis. – a feeling of nervousness and uneasiness that may Emotional vulnerability be caused by an individual thinking that they are in some Emotional vulnerability can impair an individual’s judgement. A person with way inferior to or not as depression, anxiety or phobias may react differently to the dangers around them or worthy as other people. may not even perceive a danger at all. They may be more vulnerable to persuasion Social vulnerability – the or coercion. You need to be alert to the signs or symptoms of abuse or neglect as lack of ability to deal with individuals may be unwilling or unable to complain about what is happening to them. adverse events in life. Social vulnerability Case study Social vulnerability can happen for many reasons. Elderly people may outlive their friends and relatives and lose confidence in making new friends. They may fear going out or have problems accessing support that may be available. People can be lonely for all sorts of reasons. New mothers who are coping with a baby may feel socially isolated and vulnerable, as may children in care who are moved from one home to another. Social vulnerability may also affect those who cannot afford to engage in social activities. A sense of belonging is an emotional need that you as a care worker may have to foster or support in your service users. Research Research social activities aimed at elderly people in your local area. What problems could elderly people encounter in trying to participate in these groups or events? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Rakesh’s lonely day Sabrina, Rakesh’s social worker, wants to help Rakesh to meet new people. Rakesh is 36. He has Down’s syndrome and he used to live with his mother. When his mother became too frail Check your knowledge to look after him he moved in with his brother, Karan, 1 Is Rakesh neglected? who lives eight miles away. Rakesh can use the bus to go 2 What could Sabrina do to improve the quality of and see his mum but Karan is afraid that Rakesh will get lost and has asked him not to go on his own. Karan and Rakesh’s life? his wife both work full time and Rakesh is often alone. 3 How can Sabrina support the rest of the family? Rakesh is well fed and his clothes are clean. Rakesh’s old 4 What should Sabrina do if Rakesh refuses help? friends miss him but as Karan does not want him to go 5 What could happen to Rakesh if his social needs are out on his own, Rakesh has told them that he has new friends where he now lives so that they do not need to not met? worry about him. Rakesh has not joined any groups. He 6 Why is it important for Sabrina to document all does not go out and feels very lonely and isolated. of her interventions and keep a check on Rakesh’s progress? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at1ehd8ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 P a use p o int Why is it important for a care giver to consider all of an individual’s PIES needs when Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care trying to prevent abuse or neglect? Hint Extend Think about the quality of life of the individual that you are supporting. What are the potential long- and short-term consequences of abuse or neglect? Staffing issues that may lead to institutional abuse and neglect Sometimes health and social care systems let service users down. To deliver an acceptable level of care, correct numbers of staff must be employed, trained and on duty. Staff disputes, low morale and sickness can impact on a care team’s performance. Healthcare and social care workers should be treated fairly, their views should be heard and they should feel part of a team. If you have concerns about staffing levels or other issues that may affect your ability to deliver an acceptable level of care, it is vital that you report these concerns. If you notice that staffing levels are consistently low and the institution refuses to act, you may take your concerns to the CQC. This may also be your course of action if you are concerned about the quality of leadership in the institution you work for and/or feel that they may be creating a culture of poor care. For other shortcomings, such as lack of training for new or established staff, you should first take your concerns to your manager. Discussion Why is it important to raise your concerns with the appropriate authorities if you are concerned that an institution is failing in its duty of care to either the service users or its own staff? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Responding to concerns of suspected abuse or neglect Following safeguarding policies and procedures Policies and procedures can vary depending on the type of institution but all are covered by the Care Act (2014). This act sets out a clear framework for how local authorities and service providers should protect adults from the risk of abuse or neglect. Local authorities have new safeguarding duties. These include: ▸▸ establishing multi-agency Safeguarding Adults Boards, made up of health professionals, the local authority and the police, to share information and help plan and formulate safeguarding strategies to identify where abuse may occur, to prevent it or to intervene quickly ▸▸ carrying out a Safeguarding Adults Review when someone dies as a result of abuse or neglect, or if there is concern that the local authority or the other members of the board could have done more to protect the vulnerable person ▸▸ providing an independent advocate to support the service user and to explain the Safeguarding Adults Review process to them. The different agencies involved Many agencies work together to ensure that the most vulnerable in society are protected from potential abuse. Table 7.2 shows the different agencies involved. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 319 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. ▸▸ Table 7.2 Agencies involved in supporting vulnerable adults Organisation Checks and balances Potential action Social services Social services are regulated by the Care Quality Commission to ensure that complaints of poor •• This may include leading a multi-agency local adult Health services quality service are investigated. safeguarding system in an enquiry. Police Voluntary organisations The ambulance service has developed a system •• Should be represented on Safeguarding Adults for recognising ‘cluster calls’ from people at risk Boards, and carry out safeguarding adults reviews, Care Quality Commission of abuse or neglect. where necessary. (CQC) Neighbourhood Harm Register to raise an alert when there are repeat calls from individuals at •• Advocates may also be provided by social services. risk of exploitation, neglect or abuse. Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). •• Staff in all front-line health and social care services should be trained in the identification of indicators Fundamental Standards. of abuse. •• Data is shared with the appropriate agencies so they can work together to provide a joint response. •• It is an offence for those convicted of particular crimes to work with vulnerable people, and it is an offence for voluntary organisations to knowingly employ them, even in voluntary situations. •• The voluntary organisation must report barred applicants who are trying to gain access to vulnerable individuals. •• A specific regulation on safeguarding people from abuse and improper treatment, which providers have to guarantee. •• CQC inspections to ensure the regulation is complied with. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Reflect Why is it so important to have a coordinated multi-agency approach to safeguarding vulnerable groups within society? Professional roles and legal responsibilities Adult protection coordinator The role of the Adult Protection Coordinator varies from region to region, but essentially it involves implementing a safeguarding policy, and coordinating the flow of information between the different agencies involved in protecting vulnerable service users. Research Research the role of the Adult Safeguarding Boards. What are the six safeguarding principles and how do you think that these will help improve the service provided for vulnerable people? Child safeguarding boards The local Safeguarding Children Boards are made up of key contributors, such as the police, the NHS, local authority, youth offending teams and voluntary and community services. These boards provide advice and training for those working directly with children, young people and their families. Workers are trained in safeguarding procedures and in identifying the signs and symptoms of abuse or neglect, as well as in promoting children’s welfare. People who work with children need to know how to be Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at2ehd0ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 proactive as well as reactive. It is always preferable to intervene before harm is caused Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care to a child, but staff must be trained to do this in a way that does not cause unnecessary suffering or distress to the child. Responding to disclosure When responding to an adult at risk who is making a disclosure, you should follow the guidelines in the disclosure policy of the establishment you work for. If your service user begins to disclose an allegation, it is important that you consider the following points. ▸▸ Assure the person that you are taking them seriously. ▸▸ Stay calm and do not jump to conclusions. ▸▸ Do not ask too many questions. The service user will have to repeat the information to those investigating the allegations and it can be distressing to go over information repeatedly. ▸▸ Do not promise to keep it a secret or agree to complete confidentiality. ▸▸ Report your concerns to your manager. Reporting and recording procedures Information about adult safeguarding issues is considered to be sensitive and personal. The use of this type of information is governed by the common law duty of confidentiality. It is never acceptable to disclose information to individuals not directly involved in the care of a service user. As a care worker, you will have access to information that your friends and family who do not work in care will not have. You may all know these people or you may have friends in common. The Data Protection Act (1998) states that ‘personal data’ and ‘sensitive personal data’ must be managed in accordance with the law. The Human Rights Act (1998) gives individuals the right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondence. All information must be stored safely and all staff must be trained in how to share the information for safeguarding purposes appropriately. Case study Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Everybody knows Dave Check your knowledge Dave is popular in the town where he lives. He is 43 1 Why should Carla respect the confidentiality policy and lives with his mother. Dave was born with cerebral of the organisation that she works for? palsy, which caused cognitive impairment. He does not work but is often seen around the town with his bags of 2 Why might Carla be tempted to tell her mother shopping and small dog. Dave always has a smile and a about Dave? wave for everyone. Dave has told his care worker, Carla, that his uncle keeps touching him ‘down there’ and he 3 What sensitive data does Carla have? does not like it. Carla knew she had to report it. So she followed the procedures of her organisation, reported 4 What are the potential consequences for Dave and the disclosure to her manager and filled out, signed and Carla if Carla breaches confidentiality? dated the documentation. 5 What is the potential emotional impact on Dave of When she got home, Carla’s mum asked her if anything a breach of confidentiality? exciting had happened. Carla’s mum does not work with Carla but she likes to gossip and knows lots of people in 6 What other agencies could become involved in the local area, including Dave. Dave’s situation? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 321 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. P a use p o int Why do care workers sometimes choose to ignore disclosures or incidents of abuse or neglect that they have witnessed? Hint Extend Think about the potential reliability of some service users as witnesses. What may happen to the care worker and the service user if evidence or concerns are ignored? Key term Whistleblowing Whistleblowing – the mechanism by which staff You should be aware of the actions of other staff and be familiar with the policy can voice their concerns for reporting incidents or the action of others that you consider unlawful or about the conduct of other immoral. This is commonly called ‘whistleblowing’. People are often afraid of members of staff without fear whistleblowing because they may be intimidated by the person that they are of repercussion. reporting, worry that the managers may not deal with the situation effectively or even feel that they simply like the person that they are reporting and do not want Case study to get them into trouble. Bad practice continues when people do not report their concerns. When you are working in care, it is important to remember your duty of care to the service user and to advocate for them effectively. Although the whistleblower should be protected by law, this is not always the case. Indeed, it can sometimes be impossible for the whistleblower to continue working in the organisation that they have exposed. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Whistleblowing Check your knowledge Winterbourne View was a residential unit designed 1 Why would the CQC be unlikely to hear about for people with a range of learning disabilities. It was problems at Winterbourne View from the service owned by a company called Castlebeck. In 2011, the users? BBC Panorama programme sent an undercover reporter to investigate the quality of care there following reports 2 What issues could the CQC face if they are dealing that patients were being systematically abused and with a ‘culture of abuse and neglect’? neglected by the staff. 3 How important is the documentation when The CQC relies on service users, staff and managers to pursuing a criminal investigation in a case of this inform them when care is not delivered to the required kind, even if the records kept did not reflect what standards. The CQC had received various warnings that was going on? things at Winterbourne View were not right, but no action had been taken. A senior nurse at Winterbourne 4 Why is it important to be a whistleblower, even if it View reported his concerns to the CQC, but these means that you risk losing your job? were not followed up. So, eventually, the senior nurse alerted the BBC who sent their undercover reporter to investigate. P a use p o int Can you give examples of behaviour that may require ‘whistleblowing’? Hint Not all poor quality care is abuse, some is neglect. Extend How should an employer respond, both to the whistleblower and to the allegation? If you are concerned about safeguarding issues in your workplace, you should tell your employer first so that they have the opportunity to make a thorough investigation. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at2ehd2ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 There may be more people involved in the abuse or neglect than you are aware of. In Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care order for abuse or neglect to stop, everyone involved must be dealt with according to Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. the policies and procedures of your workplace. If you do not want to tell your employer, you can get legal advice or tell a prescribed 323 person or body. For example, in the case of a care home this would be the CQC. Reducing the likelihood of abuse and neglect When working in care, you may find that there are opportunities for you to have a direct role in reducing a service user’s risk of abuse or neglect. Everybody is responsible for identifying how and why an individual may be vulnerable. Sometimes a person’s vulnerability is obvious. They may be very young or they may be very old and frail and it is easy to see why they may fall victim to the abusive behaviour of someone who could dominate or control them. Other vulnerable individuals are more difficult to identify and you need to use a range of skills to do so. Identifying people at risk and the importance of observation Some abusers are aware of the care worker’s role in reporting concerns and will not abuse or neglect a service user in front of others. You need to be aware of changes in patterns of behaviour. You must familiarise yourself with your service user’s personality and habits so that you can spot any changes. Also, be aware of any changes in how the service user interacts with others as this may indicate that something is wrong. They may change how they react to someone who is abusing them. You should also look out for any physical signs of abuse or neglect. If you identify behaviour changes, report them quickly and appropriately. Document your concerns in the service user’s files. Safety tip If you think someone may be at risk but you are not sure, tell your line manager anyway. Once concerns have been raised about a vulnerable adult who may be at risk, it is easier for all care workers in contact with the service user to be more vigilant. Awareness raising, providing information, advice and advocacy It is not uncommon for vulnerable people to be unaware of their risk of being abused or neglected. Sometimes their vulnerability, disability or social exclusion can make them a target for abusers. The vulnerable person may engage with their abuser, or try to maintain a friendship or relationship with them, because they fear being lonely. Vulnerable people, such as those with learning difficulties, may be unaware of the risks posed by certain individuals, or certain circumstances. They may, for example, be more likely to comply with an abuser’s instruction to steal from a shop or to drink alcohol excessively. Research Research the ‘No Secrets’ policy. How can this policy help to protect vulnerable individuals in the community? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Case study Would the ‘No Secrets’ policy have protected Mo Ncube? Mo was 41 when he died. He had learning disabilities. On the night of his death, Mo was told to steal some Before he died he was tortured and eventually sweets from a shop. He was clumsy and likely to be murdered by people who targeted him because of his caught and the others thought that would be funny. learning disabilities. When Mo was not caught, they injected him with heroin and pushed him off a nearby bridge. Mo fell 20 Mo thought that Paul aged 29, Ben aged 19 and Marie metres to his death. aged 17 were his friends. Mo wanted to ‘belong’ and they told him that he was in their ‘gang’. Check your knowledge Mo let Paul, Ben, Marie and their other friends into his 1 Why did the members of the ‘gang’ force Mo to home many times in the months before his death. Paul, break off contact with social services? Ben and Marie even moved in for a time. Paul was well known to the police and social services for his violent 2 Why would it be important to communicate with and unpredictable behaviour. Paul liked to dominate Mo in a way that he could understand? people who were younger or more vulnerable. 3 Before his death, Mo had made numerous calls to Mo was often made to crawl around his flat on all fours a number of agencies, including the police, health and had to call the ‘gang’ members ‘sir’ or ‘madam’. They and social care services, so they should have been took control of his money and ensured that he broke off aware that he was in danger. Why is it important to contact with social services. follow up on calls for help? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Inter-agency collaboration and multi-agency working When working with vulnerable people who are at risk of abuse, neglect or exploitation, different agencies in health care must work as a team, and follow the appropriate disclosure policies. As a care worker, you should remember that service users should be able to expect a certain level of confidentiality. If you are disclosing information, always ensure that you are the person that should be disclosing it and that the person to whom you are disclosing it has a right to that information. If you are unsure whether you should be disclosing a particular piece of information then you should ask your line manager. Do not disclose confidential information over the phone without your line manager’s permission. Knowledge and understanding of legislation, regulation, policies and procedures Legislation can be defined as the process of making or applying laws or Acts of Parliament, such as the Mental Health Act (2007). Regulations are the rules or directives of the organisation that you work for – for example staff not wearing nail varnish when at work. You will need to know and understand the legislation that helps you to perform your job safely and effectively. In the workplace (if you are performing duties in the service user’s home, this is your workplace), your activities are governed by the Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974). Both you and your employer have responsibilities under the legislation that covers the caring professions. All care settings are subject to different sections of different acts. The legislation for your workplace informs you about what is and is not legal practice, and regulations inform you about what is and is not permissible practice. You will also to have knowledge and understanding of policies and procedures that are in place at your place of work. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at2ehd4ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim B UNIT 7 Research Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Research the Care Act (2014), which replaced the ‘No Secrets’ legislation, for the rules on safeguarding vulnerable adults in the UK. How can this framework help care workers and employers use policies and procedures to protect vulnerable people in their care? Link This unit links to Unit 2: Working in Health and Social Care, which covers the roles and responsibilities of people working in health and social care. Staff training and continuing professional development When you start a job as a care worker, there should be an induction process that will include an introduction to your employer’s policies and procedures regarding safeguarding. If this does not happen, then the employer is failing in their duty of care to you as an employee. However, basic training will not provide you with everything that you will ever need to know about working in health and social care. For example, legislation changes over time and the policies and regulations relevant to your work will change when the legislation changes. To deliver safe, appropriate and effective care, it is important that you keep up to date with current policies and practices. Continuing professional development is the way that professional practitioners maintain and update the knowledge and skills related to their professional lives. During your employment, your employer may offer you training courses related to specific issues. However, it is also your responsibility to keep your knowledge and skills up to date. Legislation is there to protect both the service user and the care worker. If you fail to take advantage of appropriate training and something goes wrong, not knowing the law will not protect you from prosecution. Discussion What are the benefits, to the service user and the staff, of the care worker actively participating in continuing professional development? P a use p o int What are the benefits to the service user of having a well-trained and dedicated team of carers who can advocate for them? Hint Extend Think about the range of ways in which service users may be vulnerable. What might happen to the service user if the policies and procedures are not applied consistently? Promoting empowerment and choice for service users Service users should be encouraged to make informed choices, even if those choices contain a small amount of risk. The risk should be proportional to the service user’s ability to cope with the consequences. Empowering people means allowing them to recognise their action, possibly stop them and avoid harm. They should be encouraged to balance risks with quality of life decisions. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 325 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Service users should feel confident in their ability to make their views and choices known. You should listen to them and work with them to help them achieve the outcomes that they want, where possible. If a service user is not in a position to make decisions about their care because they lack the mental capacity, then someone else has to make decisions for them. The service user is entitled to an advocate to speak on their behalf in order to protect their rights. The decisions made must be in the best interests of the service user. Case study Terry’s options Check your knowledge 1 Why might it be important to Terry that he is the Terry is 91 and was in the Army for most of his working one to drive the bus? life. After retirement, he remained active and often 2 How might Terry’s insistence on driving the bus volunteered to drive the impact on the other service users? mini bus at a local centre for elderly people. Terry 3 How could Tariq approach this issue with Terry, still insists on driving when while still promoting choice, empowerment and there are outings. However, dignity for Terry? his mobility has become steadily worse as he has 4 What are Terry’s rights and responsibilities? aged and his eyesight has also deteriorated significantly. Tariq works at the centre and is concerned that Terry 5 What are the potential consequences of Tariq doing may be endangering the other service users by refusing nothing? to let anyone else drive the bus. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Assessment practice 7.2 B.P3 B.P4 B.P5 B.M2 B.D2 Orchid View home opened in November 2009 for residents with Plan dementia and closed in October 2011. Several safeguarding alerts were triggered and investigated by the CQC in that time. •• What am I being asked to do? •• How confident am I with this task? Are Although there was insufficient evidence to pursue criminal convictions, the senior coroner found that five residents ‘died there areas where I might have problems? from natural causes contributed to by neglect’ and that several other people ‘died as a result of natural causes’ but that there Do was insufficient evidence ‘to show that this suboptimal care was directly causative’. The Serious Case Review found that residents •• I know what I am doing and what I want to were subjected to physical and financial abuse in the understaffed achieve. care home and that record keeping was inadequate. •• I can check my work to see where I have •• Write a short report outlining signs or symptoms of abuse that gone off topic and make changes to put the investigators may have discovered. this right. •• Explain why the abuse may have occurred and how it could Review have been prevented. •• I can explain what the task was and how I •• Justify methods for investigating claims of abuse in situations approached it. like this. •• I know what I would do differently next Explain how to respond to claims of abuse or neglect and assess time and the approach I would take with the importance of responding to those claims. the parts that I found difficult this time. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at2ehd6ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim C UNIT 7 C Investigate the influence of health and safety Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care ▸▸ legislation and policies in health and social care settings Health and safety legislation and policies in health and social care It is important that you follow the current legislation for the country that you live in. You will find an outline of some of the major legislation and regulations that you will come across in your work below. Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974) The Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974) or HASAWA is legislation aimed at reducing risk to employees, volunteers and visitors to a workplace. It applies to all workplaces and the policies can vary in response to the needs of the organisation. For example, a residential home for individuals with unpredictable, challenging or aggressive behaviour may have a restraint policy, whereas a nursery probably would not. HASAWA is the legislation on which most of the health and safety policies you will follow in the workplace are based. Complaints are investigated by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), who can impose unlimited fines and pursue prison sentences for individuals or companies that breach these regulations. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Data Protection Act (1998) Key terms Confidentiality is key when working in health and social care and is the basis of the Statutory care – care professional relationship that you form with a service user. Maintaining confidentiality provided as a legal helps you to preserve the service user’s dignity. You must comply with the principles of requirement by the NHS, the Data Protection Act (1998) that information must be: social care services, education ▸▸ held only with consent of the service user and early years services. ▸▸ held securely ▸▸ shared only on a ‘need to know’ basis Safeguarding partners ▸▸ accessible to the service user. – members of the safeguarding boards such However, there are some limits on confidentiality which apply when there is a risk of as representatives from harm to other people. the police, the NHS, the local council, appropriate Care Act (2014) charities and the probation Data sharing is covered by the Care Act (2014). Data sharing enhances the quality of service. The CQC or similar care for the service user and the health and safety of the care worker, whether this is in organisations may also be statutory care, voluntary care or private care provision. Data sharing should: represented. ▸▸ enable inter-agency communication and support decision making ▸▸ clarify the channels of communication and procedures for sharing information ▸▸ be inclusive of all safeguarding partners. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 327 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Case study Jeanie uses the drag lift This manoeuvre can shear the skin off the sacrum and should never be used. Jeanie is very proud of the fact that she has worked in care for 30 years. She likes her job as a healthcare Jeanie feels that it was the most effective lift and she assistant in a care home and is keen to work with the does not see why she cannot use it when working with new recruits. Jeanie’s employer offers Jeanie manual service users. handling training which she has regularly attended. However, Jeanie likes to use the drag lift. Jamilia is a new recruit and has been trained in manual When using the drag lift, the carers stand either side of handling. She knows that this technique should not be the bed, parallel to the service user’s shoulder and look used. in the direction of the head of the bed. The carers each hook an arm under the armpit of the service user, who When Jeanie and Jamilia are repositioning Mary in her is then dragged back up the bed towards their pillows. bed, Jeanie suggests the drag lift. Jamilia does not feel confident to refuse. As they drag Mary back up the bed, the friction shears the skin off Mary’s sacrum. Mary is left in pain, with a high risk of infection in the open wound. Check your knowledge 1 Why should this incident be reported to the care home manager? 2 What should Jamilia have done when Jeanie suggested the lift? 3 What rights does Mary have with reference to the quality of care she received? 4 Which pieces of legislation have been breached? 5 What action should be taken against Mary’s carers? 6 What liability does the employer have for ensuring the safety of the staff and the service users? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Care Standards Act (2000) This act established a National Care Standards Commission to provide for the registration and regulation of children’s homes, independent hospitals, independent clinics, care homes, residential family centres, independent medical agencies, domiciliary care agencies, fostering agencies, nurses agencies and voluntary adoption agencies. The act sets minimum standards of care and requires that these institutions are inspected and regulated. In 2000, the Care Standards Act (2000) set up the Commission for Social Care Inspection which established a new system of national minimum standards for all residential and nursing homes, and domiciliary services. Its primary function is to promote improvements in social care. According to the Alzheimer’s Society, in 2015 there will be 850,000 people in the UK with dementia. One third of these people live in residential care and many may be suffering from depression. Care standards have a role in ensuring that care homes promote, recognise and support mental health within the care establishment. The standards require care homes to access primary and secondary care and health services for their residents regularly so that the service users’ mental health is cared for and treated appropriately. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at2ehd8ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim C UNIT 7 Equality Act (2010) Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care The Equality Act (2010) replaces previous anti-discrimination legislation, such as the Disability Discrimination Act (1995), the Race Relations Act (1976) and the Sex Discrimination Act (1975). This act protects people from being discriminated against because of their disabilities or because of their caring responsibilities. Research Research the impact of the Equality Act (2010) on reported incidents of discrimination by comparing the statistical data available for the number of reports before the act came into force with the data available for after the act came into force. Care Act (2014) The Care Act (2014) replaces a number of existing acts. The purpose of the act is to implement a system of support, putting the service user at the centre of care while integrating the needs of carers so that support is in place before the service user’s situation is in crisis. Recognising the needs of the carer for training and support is essential to promoting the health and safety of the service user. National Assistance Act 1948 Parts of Health and Health Services Social Care Act and Public Health 2001 Act 1968 Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Disabled Persons CARE ACT Chronically Sick and (Services, Consultation and 2014 Disabled Persons Act Representation) Act 1986 1970 (but only for adults) Parts of NHS and Section 254 and Community Care Schedule 20 of the NHS Act 1990 Act 2006 Carer’s Section 117 of Legislation the Mental Health Act 1983 ▸▸ Figure 7.2 The Care Act (2014) replaces previous legislation, consolidating it into one act Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 329 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. ▸▸ Table 7.3 Other relevant legislation Name and date Application in relation to care Your role in the workplace of legislation The Manual •• There are no ‘blanket bans’ in relation to •• You must know your limits and not attempt to exceed them, Handling manual handling if it leads to a service being forced to do so by an employer increases risk. Operations user being denied care. Regulations •• If risks cannot be eliminated you should try to minimise (1992) •• Solutions must be found for manual them. Amended (2002) handling issues that maintain dignity as much as possible and use appropriate •• You should monitor and review your practices regularly for equipment where necessary. potential improvements. •• You should receive manual handling training. The Food •• These regulations apply if you are •• You must ensure that your hands and clothing are clean and your Hygiene preparing food for a service user. hair is tied back or in a net before preparing food. Regulations (2006) •• If the service user is preparing food for •• You must make sure that the area that you are working in is clean. their own consumption, this is considered Amended (2013) a ‘domestic arrangement’. •• You must check that the food you are preparing is fit for purpose. •• You must prepare the food according to directions and to the correct temperature. (Many foods are dangerous if not prepared correctly; some may be lethal.) Control of Legislation that requires employers to •• You must follow the instructions on the label of the product that Substances control substances that may be harmful to you are using. Hazardous to health, for example: Health (COSHH) •• You must store products safely, in accordance with the workplace 2002 •• products containing chemicals such as policy, eg controlled drugs must be in a locked cabinet that is cleaning products fixed to the wall. •• gases and fumes •• You must not assume that you know the contents of unmarked containers. If it is not labelled then it must not be used. •• medication. •• You should not decant substances from their original container to a container that was designed for a different purpose, eg putting bleach in a lemonade bottle. Reporting of •• Requires employers and designated •• You must report accidents, illnesses and near misses to your Injuries, Diseases people in an establishment to report employer, either directly or through the responsible person. and Dangerous death or serious workplace accidents, Occurrences occupational diseases and specified •• The responsible person in your organisation must inform the Regulations dangerous occurrences to the HSE. enforcing authority about accidents resulting in: death, injuries to (RIDDOR) 2013 workers, hospital treatment and other dangerous occurrences or situations. •• Your employer must take improvement actions if there is a pattern of poor practice. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Care Quality Commission Standards The CQC introduced a range of standards to improve the service levels offered by health and social care providers. The CQC can inspect your workplace, look at what you do and how you do it, and ask you about your training and competence. The CQC publishes its findings as a rating so that people can choose the highest quality of care. The CQC is independent of care providers but works with them and with the public to improve the quality of care provided. The CQC can issue warning notices with deadlines for improvement. It can impose ‘special measures’ to improve the quality of care provided. A hospital, for example, could be put in special measures for having unusually high mortality (death) rates. There are 13 fundamental standards in the CQC framework. They follow the Francis Report (2013) into the care delivered in hospitals in the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at3ehd0ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim C UNIT 7 Research Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Research the CQC standards. How will the 13 fundamental standards of the framework help to ensure that the care delivered is safe for both the service user and the care worker? P a use p o int Why is it important to legislate on the quality of care that service users should receive? Hint Extend Think about the range of service providers and the types of service that they provide. What might happen to the service user if each institution is allowed to define its own standards? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Disclosure and Barring Service checks Care work is exempt from the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act (1974). This means that if an individual commits certain offences they can never work in care. In order to find out if an individual has committed an offence that they have not disclosed, an employer may request a Disclosure Barring Service (DBS) check on a job applicant. There are three levels of DBS checks in England and Wales. The rules are slightly different for Scotland and Northern Ireland. ▸▸ Standard – checks for spent and unspent convictions, cautions, reprimands and final warnings. ▸▸ Enhanced – includes the same as the standard check plus any additional information held by local police that is considered reasonably relevant to the role being applied for. ▸▸ Enhanced with list checks – like the enhanced check but includes a check of the DBS barred lists. If an individual is named on the barred lists they cannot work with children or vulnerable adults. Influence of legislation and policies on health and social care practice Safeguarding vulnerable adults, children and young people The service user’s welfare is the most important aspect of care. Your service user has a right to feel safe and secure in your care. However, an important and often overlooked role of safeguarding legislation is to protect you, the care giver, from allegations of improper or unprofessional behaviour. You are responsible for your own behaviour and should avoid putting yourself in situations that would lead any reasonable person to question your motives. It is vital that you act in such a way that your professionalism is not questioned. If you think that a service user is likely to misread a situation, ask for a chaperone and make your manager aware of your concerns. You may be doing all you can to meet the needs of the service user and you may be professional and polite, but the service user may see your care on a different emotional level. They may read their own meanings into your actions and think that you feel the same about them as they do about you. You need to communicate clearly and unambiguously so that your service user does not have the opportunity to misread a situation. When communicating with service users, you need to check that the message you think you have given is the same as what the receiver understands it to mean. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 331 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Message is encoded in speech and transmitted to the Receiver You form a The Receiver decodes the message and processes the message in information. A new message is formed and encoded to your head A message is sent back respond to the Sender or check understanding to the Sender, who should conﬁrm receipt and understanding ▸▸ Figure 7.3 The communication cycle ▸▸ Filling a sharps bin beyond the Protection from accidents, injuries and illness, including infection line indicated could lead to a control, food preparation, hazardous substances needle-stick injury from the sharps already in the bin The Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974) requires employers to ensure the health and safety of all employees and anyone else affected by the work of the organisation, Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. as far as is reasonably possible. Employees have a duty not to put themselves or others in danger. Employees are required to use any safety equipment provided and must be trained to do so. As a carer, you must use the equipment provided in a correct manner whether it is a hoist, an antibacterial hand gel or a temperature probe for ensuring that food is heated to the correct temperature. Once you are trained, you are responsible for your actions. You should follow the instructions on any pieces of equipment that you use. For example, you should not fill a sharps bins beyond the line indicated, as trying to force extra sharps in may lead to a needle-stick injury. Managing risk assessments and maintaining a safe working environment, including safe moving and handling Before starting any task you need to ask yourself: is the task really necessary? Are you equal to the task and could the task be made simpler and safer? Remember ELITE: ▸▸ E – environment, is the environment dark, cluttered with trip hazards or is the floor surface uneven? ▸▸ L – load, is the load stable, slippery or awkward? How can you stabilise the load? ▸▸ I – individual capability, are you equal to the task? Has your individual capability changed for any reason, for example because you have a sprained wrist or are pregnant? ▸▸ T – task, is it possible to break down one large task into a couple of smaller ones? For example, could you make two trips with half a bale of sheets rather than one trip with a large bale? ▸▸ E – equipment, is it designed for the task you want to use it for? Has it been safety checked? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at3ehd2ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim C UNIT 7 Case study Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Harley could do with more guidance Check your knowledge 1 What has Harley done wrong? Harley has just started working as a home carer. During his induction, he was shown how to use a care plan and 2 How would understanding the risk assessment how to record the duties that he performs. He was then process have helped Harley and his service user? shown how to wash, dress and feed a typical service user. He was also told what to wear. When Harley makes 3 Why is it important to follow the manual handling his first service user visit, he finds that the other carer policy for your workplace? has not turned up. Harley knows that the service user is a man who needs two people to help him to stand, 4 What steps should Harley have taken before wash and dress. beginning the task? Harley decides to try to meet the service user’s needs 5 What are the potential consequences of Harley’s on his own as he has another call to make shortly after. actions for Harley, and for his line manager? As he is helping the service user to stand up, the service user falls and bruises his leg badly. 6 Why is it is only possible to minimise risk not eliminate it? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Promoting health and wellbeing, including handling medication You should encourage your service users to make informed choices about their health 333 and wellbeing. For example, eating a nutritious diet or taking regular exercise. There are also many lifestyle changes that people can make to help prevent ill health such as stopping smoking and reducing alcohol consumption. You can help your service users to spot the early signs of disease as many diseases, such as bowel cancer, are more successfully treated if diagnosed early. Handling medication safely is important when working in health and social care settings. You must never handle medication until you are trained to do so. There are many rules governing the safe handling of medication and errors could cause various complications, including death. Before administering medication to a service user, you need to know: ▸▸ whether it is a repeat prescription, a new prescription or an over-the-counter drug ▸▸ how the drug is to be administered – for example orally (by mouth), by injection, through a drip (intravenously), by suppository (into the rectum or vagina) ▸▸ how to store the medicine safely – should it be refrigerated or kept somewhere dry ▸▸ how to complete records of the administration of medicines so that the service user is not given two doses by mistake. Research Research the principles of handling medication safely. How do these promote health and wellbeing? Providing confidence and reassurance for families and other carers Service users and their families will have expectations about your conduct and performance as a carer. They will often need reassurance. While you can tell them that they are ‘in the best place’ and that everyone is ‘doing all they can’, you should never promise them that ‘everything is going to be alright’. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. It is always important to act professionally when providing care. Do not lose your temper with service users and remember to be polite and considerate to their relatives and friends. It is important that service users have confidence in your competence and understanding of the principles of care-giving. In stressful situations you must remain calm and keep your own emotions under control. Wherever possible, try to gather as much information as you can before deciding on the best course of action. Do not jump to conclusions or assume that you always know what is best for a service user before you have properly assessed the situation. You should always strive to maintain your professionalism so that your colleagues can also have confidence in your competence. P a use p o int Can you think of examples of situations where people might want you to promise them that everything will work out? Hint Extend Think about people in danger or despair. What harm could you do by promising a service user something you cannot deliver? Discussion When you are working in health and social care, dealing with the families of service users will often be a large part of your workload. Why can it sometimes be difficult to find a balance between keeping the service user’s family happy while promoting the rights and wellbeing of your service user? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Meeting legal and regulatory requirements, including record keeping In health and social care work, accurate record keeping is vital for effective continuity of care. If a service user requires the input of a number of carers or services, it is important that each service knows what the other has done. Your employer will have regulations covering clear and accurate record keeping and it is important that you follow these procedures. Remember the care setting is your workplace and you have to abide by the Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974). You have a duty to maintain a safe environment and report incidents and accidents that could endanger others and to see that this information is recorded. There are many other pieces of legislation that could have an impact on the way that you do your job, for example the Mental Health Act (2007). It is important that you follow your workplace policies and procedures which have been written in accordance with this legislation. Link For more information on legislation, see the section Health and safety legislation and policies in health and social care, earlier in this unit. As a carer, you may be required to follow a care plan (see Table 7.4) and to sign a log of the tasks you have performed. You are accountable for the care you give and should be able to show a record of the care you delivered and when, should the CQC inspect the establishment where you work. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at3ehd4ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim C UNIT 7 ▸▸ Table 7.4 A simple care plan Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Mon Morning Lunch Evening 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress Meals on wheels District nurse 9:30 pm carer assists Tues 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress Meals on wheels ready for bed District nurse Wed 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress Meals on wheels 9:30 pm carer assists Son visits ready for bed Thu 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress Daughter visits 9:30 pm carer assists Fri 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress ready for bed Sat 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress 9:30 pm carer assists ready for bed Sun 8 am carer assists up, wash, dress 9:30 pm carer assists ready for bed 10:00 pm carer assists ready for bed 10:00 pm carer assists ready for bed Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Recruitment of staff in health and social care In order to be an effective care practitioner you need to think about how the 6 ‘C’s apply to you. The ‘C’s stand for: care, commitment, communication, courage, competence and compassion. Employers will be looking for staff who have an understanding of the job role and a range of coping strategies for the pressures faced by people working in health and social care. They are looking for people of good character, with integrity and a real desire to support service users. It is also important to be able to meet the care needs of people that you do not like, people who may have done bad/criminal things, or who are difficult and unyielding. When you work in care, you are providing a service for the service user based on the service user’s needs, not on how much you like them. Disclosure Barring Service checks The murders of Holly Wells and Jessica Chapman, in 2002, by a caretaker at their school, led to the establishment of the CRB (Criminal Records Bureau) system in England and Wales and the Disclosure Scotland and Access Northern Ireland systems for checking applicants for posts involving children or vulnerable adults. By March 2012, figures from CRB revealed that 130,000 unsuitable people including paedophiles and rapists had been prevented from working with children. DBS replaced CRB in December 2012 in order to simplify the system for employers. It is important to remain vigilant, though, as DBS will only show up offenders that have come to the attention of the authorities. It will not reveal offenders that have not yet been reported to the police. It is an employer’s duty to report employees they dismiss for abuse or neglect or who they were going to sack but the employee left before they could do so. If these individuals are not identified, then they could go on to work somewhere else. P a use p o int How influential has health and safety law been on providing safe practice in health and social care? Hint Extend Think about the broad range of services available and the need for some service users to have a multi-agency approach. In what ways could the law be strengthened to meet the demands of a consumer-led service? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 335 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Assessment practice 7.3 C.P6 C.M3 CD.D3 The Francis Report into the treatment of patients in hospitals in the Mid Plan Staffordshire NHS Trust revealed very poor quality care. •• What am I being asked to do? The first inquiry heard from service users and their families about the •• How confident am I with this task? appalling care they received, including cases where: Are there areas where I might have •• service users were left for lengthy periods in bedclothes soiled problems? with excrement Do •• assistance was not provided with feeding for service users unable to eat without help •• I know what I am doing and what I want to achieve. •• water was left out of the service users’ reach •• service users were not assisted in their toileting – despite •• I can check my work to see where I have made mistakes and put them persistent requests for help right. •• wards and toilet facilities were in a filthy condition •• privacy and dignity, even in death, were denied Review •• triage in the accident and emergency department was undertaken •• I can explain what the task was and by untrained staff how I approached it. •• staff treated service users, and those close to them, with what •• I know what I would do differently appeared to be callous indifference. next time and the approach I would •• Produce a short report identifying which health and safety policies take with the parts that I found difficult this time. could have prevented patients suffering. •• Analyse how applying these policies could improve service user’s care. •• Justify the assertion that correctly applying health and safety policies can maintain a safe environment for staff and service users. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. D Explore procedures and responsibilities to maintain health and safety and respond to accidents and emergencies in health and social care settings Procedures to maintain health and safety Infection control and prevention Infections are caused by pathogens, which are microbes that infect your body. A contagious disease is one that is transmitted by physical contact with someone who has that disease. An infectious disease can be transmitted by air, water or a vector such as a mosquito. As a carer, you should make sure that your vaccinations are up to date. Research Use the internet to research the list of vaccinations recommended for care workers. In what ways are care workers particularly vulnerable to exposure to disease? If you know that you have an infection such as a cold, you could expose your service user, who may be a sick, frail or vulnerable individual, to your disease. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at3ehd6ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim D UNIT 7 If you are not meticulous with your hygiene when you are working with service users Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care who are ill, for example hand washing and using protective clothing, you could pass their diseases to someone else without necessarily catching them yourself. The easiest way to prevent spread of disease is to wash and dry your hands thoroughly (see the step-by-step guide) at appropriate times. You must take responsibility for deciding when it is appropriate to wash your hands. To judge when the time is right, you should think about how your actions will affect your service user. Would you want a carer to touch you without washing their hands if they have just met the personal care needs of someone else? Would you like them to serve your food if they have just been to the toilet and not washed their hands? Step by step: Guide to handwashing Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Safe moving and handling of equipment and individuals You should be trained in moving and handling people and loads before you attempt a 337 moving and handling task in the workplace. There are some basic checks (see step-by-step guidance on lifting heavy objects safely) that you can perform to reduce the risk of harm either to yourself or a service user. ▸▸ Avoid. Is the task really necessary? Is there another way of reaching the same outcome without putting yourself or others at risk? For example, can an elderly person get themselves out of the chair if you just give them a little more time? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. ▸▸ Assess. Do you know exactly what the task involves? For example, what are the loads involved? Have you done a risk assessment of the task? ▸▸ Reduce. Have you reduced the risks as much as you can? ▸▸ Review. Reflect on your practice. Is there a better way of performing the task that would reduce the risks still further next time? If you are using equipment, is it fit for purpose? For example, a hoist should be serviced regularly. Is the environment that you are working in clear of obstacles? Do you need to move anything, such as a bedside table, before you start? ▸▸ Correct procedures should be used for picking objects up, and also for putting them down Research Use the internet to research manual handling and how it applies to people working in care (either informally or professionally). The NHS provides excellent information for informal carers. Search their website (www.nhs.uk) for ‘Moving and handling the person you care for’. You should also check the official guidance from the HSE (www.hse.gov.uk/) about manual handling. Food preparation and storage It is vital that food is stored and prepared correctly and safely. Food preparation You must keep cooking surfaces clean and wash your hands before preparing food. If you handle raw meat when preparing food for your service users then you must ensure that you clean down surfaces that the meat may have touched and wash your hands before you handle food that does not need to be cooked. Raw meat can contain a range of bacteria that can cause serious illnesses. If your service user is already frail or has existing health conditions, then contracting food poisoning can have very serious implications. You must check the use-by dates on the food that you serve to your service users if you are caring for them in their own homes. You should also make sure that you are scrupulous in your personal hygiene when handling food. Tie back long hair and keep nails short. Any cuts on your hands should be properly covered. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at3ehd8ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim D UNIT 7 You must ensure that you heat food to the correct temperature. The only way to ensure Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care that food is heated thoroughly is to use a temperature probe. When reheating meals in a microwave, follow the manufacturer’s instructions about cooking times. If the service user’s food is regularly prepared by relatives and does not have instructions about heating times, you should use a food thermometer to check that the food is thoroughly reheated. As a care worker, you may feel pressured by time, or by the service user, to rush the food preparation process and to serve food before it is ready. You must not take this risk. Explain to the service user the importance of thorough reheating and try to organise your time so that you can perform all of your duties competently and efficiently. Food must be covered until it is ready to be served and eaten, to minimise the risk of airborne pathogens landing on it. Houseflies are a particular risk for transmitting germs such as E. coli, which can cause serious health problems. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. ▸▸ Overfilling dustbins creates a breeding ground for flies, which may then get into kitchens and serving areas and settle on food 339 Food storage Fridges must be set at the correct temperature, between 3° C and 5° C, in order for the food to be safe but for nutrients not to be lost. (Freezers should operate at around minus 18° C or below although there are no defined regulations for freezer temperature.) Reheated food cannot be refrozen and must be thrown away. Try to get to know your service user’s dietary requirements so that you can avoid excessive wastage. If their food is prepared by friends or relatives, you should work on the principle that it has already been frozen, so leftover food should be discarded unless you are specifically told that it is fresh. Check that the freezer is properly maintained as a build-up of ice can mean that the door does not shut properly and the food in the freezer will defrost. If you find that this is the case and the food has thawed, you should not refreeze the food. When an ice box in a fridge overfills with ice, it tends to force open the ice box, and also prevents the fridge door from closing. This will mean that the fridge is not operating at the correct temperature and the food stored in it could be spoiled. If this happens, you should report the situation to your manager. The service user and their relatives will also need to be told so that the situation is dealt with. It is important that you store food in the correct packaging and that food taken out of its original packaging is labelled and dated. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Case study Sansome’s curry He shouts at Jane when she arrives and says he wants his food straight away. Jane starts to cook the chicken curry. Sansome is impatient to eat it and does not know about the dangers of undercooked chicken. He demands to be allowed to eat it before Jane thinks that it has been on for long enough to have cooked through properly. Jane lets Sansome have his curry. Sansome is hungry and cannot wait to try the new Check your knowledge recipe for chicken curry that his sister has found on the internet. Sansome has learning difficulties and lives in a 1 What risks is Jane taking with Sansome’s health? supported living complex. He has his own kitchen and is very proud of how clean he keeps it. His carer Jane 2 Why is it vital to follow the food safety guidelines comes in to help him cook. when working with service users? Jane is late and Sansome is hungry. He is a big man and 3 Would a child be as much at risk as Sansome or shouts a lot if he does not get his own way. He always more at risk? feels sorry afterwards as he does not mean to scare people but he cannot control his temper. 4 What safety precautions should Jane take when handling food? 5 What is the best way to check that food is thoroughly cooked? P a use p o int Why is it important to wash your hands thoroughly after catching your sneezes in a tissue and putting the tissue in the bin? Hint Extend Think about the number of surfaces, objects and even people you need to touch when performing a caring role. How else could you minimise the risk of transmitting infection? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Storage and administration of medication Legislation covering the receipt, storage and administration of medicines includes: ▸▸ Care Standards Act (2000) ▸▸ Health and Social Care Act (2008) ▸▸ Health Act (2006) ▸▸ Medicines Act (1968) ▸▸ Misuse of Drugs Act (1971) ▸▸ Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations (1973, amended 2007) ▸▸ Misuse of Drugs Regulations (2001) ▸▸ Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) (Amendment) Regulations (2000, amended 2007). Individuals should be encouraged to self-medicate where possible. In care settings and in situations where individuals cannot manage self-medication, medication should be stored centrally in hygienic and secure conditions. The keys to the medicine storage facilities should not be part of a master key system. Medication should be administered only by individuals who are trained and qualified to do so. The facility should be large enough to contain the maximum number of medicines expected to be used. Badly organised or overcrowded cupboards may lead to errors. Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at4ehd0ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim D UNIT 7 All medications should be stored in the correct conditions. Sunlight, temperature and Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care humidity can have adverse effects on medications. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Research All medicine containers should be labelled with the following information: ▸▸ service user’s name Research the role of the ▸▸ name of the medicine COSHH Risk Assessor. How ▸▸ the dosage amounts and frequency can they promote safe ▸▸ route for administration practice in the workplace? ▸▸ whether it needs to be taken with food ▸▸ expiry date 341 ▸▸ dispensing pharmacist’s name ▸▸ warnings about specific side-effects, eg may cause drowsiness. A record must be kept of any medication administered to reduce the risk of overdose. You should talk to your line manager if you are unsure about whether you should be administering medicine to your service user, the appropriateness of the medications or any adverse effects on your service user. Why do you think that it is important not to take medication prescribed for someone else, even if you have the same symptoms? Storage and disposal of hazardous substances COSHH applies to virtually all substances considered hazardous to health. However, there are certain exclusions, including: ▸▸ lead ▸▸ asbestos, covered by The Control of Asbestos Regulations (2012) ▸▸ radioactive materials ▸▸ substances considered hazardous to health but administered by a qualified medical practitioner, such as a doctor or dentist, covered by the Medicines Act (1968). You must follow the policies and procedures for the environment that you are working in. Medication should be stored according to the policies and procedures of your workplace, and cleaning materials must be kept in their original packaging in a secure and appropriate place. If cleaning materials need to be diluted before use, you must follow the instructions on the packaging. You should also remember that industrial products are often bought in bulk and the solutions may be stronger than the products you use at home. In the workplace, there will be different disposal techniques and containers for different products. Dressings, for example are clinical waste and should be disposed of in the appropriate bag or container. ▸▸ You must dispose of waste appropriately, both for your own safety and also as part of the duty of care that you have for others Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Procedures for responding to accidents and emergencies Responding to accidents and illness, including basic first aid There are many reasons why people become ill at work. Find out who the first aider is in your workplace and where the first-aid kit is kept. Unless you are a first aider you should not treat minor accidents and injuries. First-aid training is part of the continuing professional development offered by most employers. You may feel more confident if you are properly trained and it will give relatives and colleagues more confidence in you. However, if someone needs help, you should assist them to get it and keep them safe until help arrives. In the case of a major incident such as a heart attack, you must dial 999 and follow the specific instructions given by the operator to help stabilise the situation. You must listen carefully to the instructions and, if you are unsure, ask the operator for clarification. If you are in an isolated situation such as caring for service users in their own homes, basic first-aid training should be provided for you. It is important that you keep your training up to date as the advice given about dealing with some situations may change periodically. In the case of a service user whose heart has stopped, the advice will be different for babies than adults. This is also the case with choking. You should notify your employer if you are allergic to any substance that you are likely to encounter in your workplace or if you have been prescribed medication that is likely to affect your concentration or cause drowsiness. There are a number of common reasons why healthcare workers have to take time off work – back pain and stress are the biggest causes of sickness absence. The majority of back injuries are caused by poor posture when performing tasks, misuse of equipment and the frequent repetition of tasks. To avoid accidents and injuries you must attend your manual handling training sessions and apply the skills that you learn. You should always use equipment appropriately and not take unnecessary risks. Health care is a demanding vocation, both physically and emotionally and you cannot be a useful member of the team if you do not take good care of yourself. If you feel stressed or overwhelmed by your work, seek help before the situation becomes a crisis. Early intervention is important to maintaining your mental health. You must be aware of your own limitations and intervene early if you feel that your health is at risk. If your health status changes, you must adapt accordingly. This may mean that you are unable to do as much as you could before. Broken limbs, pregnancy and depression are all examples of changes to a person’s state of health. There are other causes of illness in the workplace such as burns, fainting, bleeding, choking, fractures, poisoning, shock, stroke or heart attack. These examples could apply to the service users you support, to yourself or to your colleagues. If your service user, a visitor or one of your colleagues becomes ill or has a serious accident, you should follow the policy of your workplace and, if necessary, report the events to the person responsible under RIDDOR regulations. Slips and trips also account for a number of sickness absences in health and social care. Floors are often made hazardous by fluid spillages (such as blood, urine, food or drink). If you are providing care in a service user’s own home, trip hazards may include wires trailing across floors, rugs (especially if they are frayed or the edges are curling) Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at4ehd2ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care Learning aim D UNIT 7 and pets or small pieces of furniture. Your line of vision may be obscured by trying to Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care manoeuvre large equipment in a confined space so you will need to be aware of the Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. risks of bumping into objects and harming yourself or your service user. You should take responsibility for your own welfare and the welfare of others by minimising the risk of accidents. You should: ▸▸ wear suitable clothing ▸▸ be aware of your environment – look where you are going ▸▸ keep the environment where you are working tidy – do not drop things on the floor and then leave them there ▸▸ clean up spillages, if appropriate, or report them so that the right person can do so. Fire safety, evacuation and security procedures In England and Wales, The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 requires a managed risk approach to fire safety. This means that the management of premises providing care must take reasonable steps to reduce the risk from fire and, if there is a fire, to make sure that people can escape safely. A responsible person should draw up the fire policy which should include how to minimise fire risks, provide and maintain fire-fighting equipment such as extinguishers, plan escape routes and ensure that training is provided. In the event of a fire, most of your service users will require some degree of help to evacuate a building safely. Therefore it is an essential part of your orientation to the workplace, during your induction, for you to familiarise yourself with the evacuation procedure in the event of fire, including your duties and your responsibilities. As an employee, you are required to follow the fire policy so that you do not increase the risk of causing a fire. You should report any concerns you have about the workplace environment that may increase the chances of a fire occurring. You should be aware of the colour coding for the different contents of fire extinguishers and in what circumstances they should be used. Research Research the colour coding system for the contents of fire extinguishers. Why is it important to use the correct extinguisher? Safety tip Never prop fire doors open just because you need to open them frequently or want some fresh air. In the event of a fire, fire doors will slow the progress of the fire and give valuable extra time for evacuation procedures. P a use p o int Why is it important for you to check the dates when the policies for your workplace were written? Hint Extend Think about how the needs of the service users may change over time. What are the potential implications for an existing policy if the law or the regulations change? Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, 343 http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/nrc-ebooks/detail.action?docID=4745325. Created from nrc-ebooks on 2020-10-18 09:28:00. Reporting and record keeping Accurate record keeping is fundamental to safe practice in the caring professions. Accurate information (data) means that the service user receives the care they need and that you are delivering this care in a safe and appropriate manner. The data held within the service user’s records must refer to the service user and/or their condition. You must never falsify information in order to hide errors or omissions. The appropriate handling of data is covered by regulation 20 of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010. These regulations require that there is a registered person responsible for ensuring that records are kept accurately to avoid the risk of unsafe treatment or even the wrong treatment being administered. At your workplace, there should be a person with responsibility for ensuring that data is stored safely and securely. This person will also take responsibility for records relating to you and the performance of your work duties as well as any documents detailing how these duties are to be performed. Case study Sofia makes it worse Check your knowledge It has been a long night for Sofia and it is not over yet. 1 Why is it important to document all accidents (and When she goes into Mrs Patel’s room she remembers near misses) as soon as possible after they have that the light is not working. She had meant to report it occurred? earlier so that maintenance could change the bulb, but she had been in a hurry to go on her break, and by the 2 What are the potential consequences for Sofia? time she came back, she had forgotten about it. 3 Why do you think that Sofia was reluctant to When Sofia enters the room, she notices Mrs Patel lying document the incident? on the floor. The fall has bruised her leg badly. Mrs Patel had been trying to get up to use the toilet and fallen. 4 What are the potential consequences for the Sofia lifts her up, helps her to the toilet and decides not other residents if this approach to care provision to report it. becomes a culture? When the care home manager asks Mrs Patel about her 5 What should the manager do in order to meet her bruises, Mrs Patel says that Sofia had deliberately let her duty of care to the residents? fall and had left her freezing on the floor all night. The care home manager looks in the records but there is no 6 Why is Sofia vulnerable to an accusation of abuse documentation for Mrs Patel’s injuries. or neglect? Copyright © 2015. Pearson Education Limited. All rights reserved. Key term Health and safety responsibilities Hazard – a potential source Responsibilities of employers of harm or adverse health effect on a person or persons. Employers have a key role to play in reducing the risks to the health and safety of their employees. They are uniquely placed to identify needs and hazards, instigate protocols and policies and monitor and regulate by implementing the measures necessary to promote safe practice. The employer has a range of responsibilities for reducing the risks to their employees, including: ▸▸ following the recommendations of the risk assessment and implementing the health and safety measures identified as necessary Billingham, Marilyn, et al. BTEC Nationals Health and Social Care Student Book 1, Pearson Education Limited, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, Cre3at4ehd4ttpfr:o//mebnoroPck-creebinnotorcakils.pporlnoeq2us0e2os0t.-fc1o0Sm-1a/8lfibe0/n9r:P2c-8re:ab0o0co.tkisc/deetainil.aHctioena?dltohcIDa=n47d45S32o5.cial Care

penelope.ross

Related publications.

Crime spree ends with surrender to K9 unit at San Diego police HQ: SDPD

The initial crime involved the suspect allegedly threatening a transient and driving a car into the other man's tent while the victim was inside it, officials said, by city news service • published june 24, 2024 • updated 2 hours ago.

An assault suspect led officers on a road chase from El Cajon to San Diego Monday, allegedly trying to force a squad car off a freeway along the way before pulling over in front of a downtown police station, where he was bitten by a police dog and arrested.

The chase began shortly before 6 a.m., when patrol personnel investigating a report of an assault in the 200 block of East Main Street in El Cajon saw the suspected assailant, 48-year-old Gabriel Tirso Quijas of Spring Valley, drive by in a Cadillac Escalade, according to police.

24/7 San Diego news stream: Watch NBC 7 free wherever you are

When officers tried to pull over Quijas a short distance away, he allegedly refused to yield and fled through the city before getting onto westbound Interstate 8.

During the ensuing pursuit, the suspect allegedly accelerated to high speeds, nearly caused a collision with a cruiser tailing him by suddenly slowing down, and attempted to ram that squad car and force it into a concrete center divider, El Cajon police Lt. Will Guerin said.

Get San Diego local news, weather forecasts, sports and lifestyle stories to your inbox. Sign up for NBC San Diego newsletters.

The suspect continued fleeing to the west until he arrived in the East Village, where he pulled over in front of San Diego Police Department headquarters at 1401 Broadway and got out of his vehicle.

After Quijas allegedly refused comply with their directions, officers sent in a police dog to subdue him. He was booked into San Diego Central Jail on suspicion of assault with a deadly weapon, resisting arrest and evading police with wanton disregard for public safety.

The initial crime that led to the pursuit involved Quijas allegedly threatening a transient and driving a car into the other man's tent while the victim was inside it, the lieutenant said.

This article tagged under:

Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 30, Number 8—August 2024

Research Letter

Persistence of influenza h5n1 and h1n1 viruses in unpasteurized milk on milking unit surfaces.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Lakdawala lab members, Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR) risk assessment pipeline meeting attendees, Rachel Duron, and Linsey Marr for useful feedback.

This project was funded in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract no. 75N93021C00015 and a National Institutes of Health award (no. UC7AI180311) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases supporting the operations of the University of Pittsburgh Regional Biocontainment Laboratory in the Center for Vaccine Research. H5N1 studies were performed in accordance with select agent permit no. 20230320-074008 at the University of Pittsburgh.

This article was preprinted at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.24307745v1 .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . H5N1 bird flu: current situation summary [ cited 2024 Jun 13 ]. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-flu-summary.htm
Burrough ER , Magstadt DR , Petersen B , Timmermans SJ , Gauger PC , Zhang J , et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in domestic dairy cattle and cats, United States, 2024. Emerg Infect Dis . 2024 ; 30 : 1335 – 43 . DOI PubMed Google Scholar
Odorčić M , Rasmussen MD , Paulrud CO , Bruckmaier RM . Review: Milking machine settings, teat condition and milking efficiency in dairy cows. Animal . 2019 ; 13 ( S1 ): s94 – 9 . DOI PubMed Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Avian influenza (bird flu): reducing risk for people working with or exposed to animals [ cited 2024 Jun 20 ]. https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html
Qian Z , Morris DH , Avery A , Kormuth KA , Le Sage V , Myerburg MM , et al. Variability in donor lung culture and relative humidity impact the stability of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus on nonporous surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol . 2023 ; 89 : e0063323 . DOI PubMed Google Scholar
Kormuth KA , Lin K , Qian Z , Myerburg MM , Marr LC , Lakdawala SS . Environmental persistence of influenza viruses is dependent upon virus type and host origin. MSphere . 2019 ; 4 : e00552 – 19 . DOI PubMed Google Scholar
Kormuth KA , Lin K , Prussin AJ II , Vejerano EP , Tiwari AJ , Cox SS , et al. Influenza virus infectivity is retained in aerosols and droplets independent of relative humidity. J Infect Dis . 2018 ; 218 : 739 – 47 . DOI PubMed Google Scholar
Figure 1 . Illustration of milking unit surfaces tested in a study of persistence of influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses in unpasteurized milk. Before attaching the milking unit (claw), a dairy worker...
Figure 2 . Viral titers in a study of persistence of influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses in unpasteurized milk on milking unit surfaces. A) Viral titers of bovine A(H5N1) virus diluted 1:10...

Suggested citation for this article : Le Sage V, Campbell AJ, Reed DS, Duprex WP, Lakdawala SS. Persistence of influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses in unpasteurized milk on milking unit surfaces. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Aug [ date cited ]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3008.240775

DOI: 10.3201/eid3008.240775

Original Publication Date: June 24, 2024

1 These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Table of Contents – Volume 30, Number 8—August 2024

EID Search Options
– Search articles by author and/or keyword.
– Search articles by the topic country.
– Search articles by article type and issue.

Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:

Seema Lakdawala, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Rm 3121 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback.

There was an unexpected error. Message not sent.

Exit Notification / Disclaimer Policy

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website.
Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website.

Metric Details

What is the altmetric attention score.

The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output.

3 Keys: Oilers at Panthers, Game 7 of Stanley Cup Final

Edmonton looks to complete epic comeback; Florida seeks 1st title in its history

Link copied

(2P) Oilers at (1A) Panthers

Stanley cup final, game 7.

8 p.m. ET; ABC, ESPN+, SN, TVAS, CBC

Best-of-7 series tied 3-3

SUNRISE, Fla. -- History will be made in Game 7 of the Stanley Cup Final at Amerant Bank Arena on Monday. The question is whether the Florida Panthers or Edmonton Oilers will be the ones making it.

If the Panthers win, it will be the first Cup championship in their history.

If the Oilers win, it will be their first Cup championship since 1990. They could also become the second team in NHL history to overcome a 3-0 deficit to win the Stanley Cup, joining the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs, who did it against the Detroit Red Wings.

Edmonton would also become the first team from Canada to claim the Cup since the Montreal Canadiens won it in 1993.

The Oilers defeated the Panthers 5-1 in Game 6 at Rogers Place on Friday and have outscored Florida 18-5 in the past three games.

“You have to prepare just like you always do,” Oilers captain Connor McDavid said. “Obviously, it's not your ordinary game. Everybody understands that. But you've got to make it as ordinary as possible in your head. I think part of that is just sticking to your routine. Our room has done a great job of being at our best in these big moments, and I would expect no different (in Game 7).”

The Panthers have struggled to get much going in any department the past three games. Forward Evan Rodrigues said Florida had “probably one of the hardest-working practices I’ve seen out of our group” on Sunday to prepare for Game 7.

“Game 7, at home. How could you not be so jacked up?” forward Matthew Tkachuk said. “This is an absolutely incredible, incredible opportunity. So, yes, you want to recognize or remember some of the good things that helped you beat these guys earlier in the series, but I'm trying to forget all of it too. Just go in there and win one game. This is what it comes down to.”

Panthers coach Paul Maurice is 4-0 in his career (with the Carolina Hurricanes, Winnipeg Jets and Panthers) in Game 7s. Edmonton coach Kris Knoblauch is 1-0 in his only career Stanley Cup Playoff Game 7, a 3-2 win against the Vancouver Canucks in the Western Conference Second Round.

Myers, Van Diest, Zeisberger preview Gm7 of the SCF

Here are 3 keys for Game 7:

1. Spark up the power play

This one is for the Panthers, who are 1-for-19 and have allowed two short-handed goals with the man-advantage in the Cup Final. They made a change at practice Sunday, moving forward Vladimir Tarasenko to the first power-play unit in place of Carter Verhaeghe , who took Tarasenko’s spot on the second unit. Now to see if it can generate some much-needed offense.

“We've talked a lot about it,” Florida captain Aleksander Barkov said. “Of course, their penalty kill dialed in. They're playing really well. They played really good against Dallas and now they're doing the same thing to us.

Obviously, we have to recognize that, and we've been talking about it and working on it. So ... like I said, just like everything else in our game, we just need to come out and play our best so whether it's 5-on-5 or power play or penalty kill.”

2. Staying the course

Pretty much everything has been working well for the Oilers the past three games, from the power play to the penalty kill to defense to offense. This is not the time to experiment, Knoblauch said.

“We’re not going to do anything differently,” he said. “We’ve always had little adjustments for whoever we’re playing, lineup tweaks, maybe emphasis on some things in our system. We didn’t do anything drastic. We’re playing a very big game and it’ll be very much the same as we’ve done throughout the playoffs.”

3. Speed it up

After the Panthers lost Game 6, coach Paul Maurice said they were “lacking speed.” Florida didn’t get a shot from a forward in that game until midway through the second period, and it was a big part of what hurt them.

If they want to hoist the Cup, they need to get that speed going immediately.

“You utilize time and space,” forward Sam Reinhart said. “Sometimes you think you have less than you actually do, so I think it's guys driving the play a little bit more and hang onto pucks a little bit more.”

Oilers projected lineup

Ryan Nugent-Hopkins -- Connor McDavid -- Zach Hyman

Warren Foegele -- Leon Draisaitl -- Dylan Holloway

Mattias Janmark -- Adam Henrique -- Connor Brown

Ryan McLeod -- Derek Ryan -- Corey Perry

Mattias Ekholm -- Evan Bouchard

Darnell Nurse -- Philip Broberg

Brett Kulak -- Cody Ceci

Stuart Skinner

Calvin Pickard

Scratched: Vincent Desharnais, Sam Gagner, Sam Carrick

Injured: Evander Kane (sports hernia), Troy Stecher (ankle)

Panthers projected lineup

Carter Verhaeghe -- Aleksander Barkov -- Sam Reinhart

Evan Rodrigues -- Sam Bennett -- Matthew Tkachuk

Eetu Luostarinen -- Anton Lundell -- Vladimir Tarasenko

Ryan Lomberg -- Kevin Stenlund -- Kyle Okposo

Gustav Forsling -- Aaron Ekblad

Niko Mikkola -- Brandon Montour

Oliver Ekman-Larsson -- Dmitry Kulikov

Sergei Bobrovsky

Anthony Stolarz

Scratched: Nick Cousins, Steven Lorentz, Tobias Bjornfot, Uvis Balinskis, Josh Mahura, Jonah Gadjovich

Injured: None

Status report

The Oilers will make no lineup changes. ... Okposo is back in the lineup for the Panthers, replacing Cousins, after being a healthy scratch for a 5-1 loss in Game 6.

Stanley Cup Final | FULL COVERAGE

🔹 Florida Panthers vs. Edmonton Oilers

Latest News

2023-24 NHL Trade Tracker

Detroit Red Wings trade Jake Walman to San Jose Sharks

Walman traded to Sharks by Red Wings for future considerations

Jon Cooper to coach Canada at 4 Nations, 2026 Olympics

Cooper named Canada coach for 2025 4 Nations Face-Off, 2026 Olympics

NHL EDGE stats: Ullmark’s outlook after trade to Senators

Original Panther Scott Mellanby calls Cup win ‘tremendous’

Panthers Stanley Cup win ‘tremendous,’ Mellanby tells NHL.com

NHL Vegas to celebrate growth of sport in Nevada

NHL, Golden Knights to celebrate growth of youth hockey in Southern Nevada

Dylan DeMelo signs 4 year deal with Winnipeg Jets

DeMelo signs 4-year, $19.6 million contract with Jets

Casey Mittelstadt signs 3 year deal with Colorado Avalanche

Mittelstadt signs 3-year contract to remain with Avalanche

why 2023-24 Edmonton Oilers are eliminated from postseason

Slow starts, lack of production from Draisaitl cost Oilers in Cup Final

Top 10 moments from 2024 Stanley Cup Final

Panthers Stanley Cup win family affair for Matthew Tkachuk

Tkachuks celebrate 1st Stanley Cup title after Matthew wins with Panthers

Florida Panthers Paul Maurice ends long wait to lift Stanley Cup

Maurice ends long wait to lift Stanley Cup, wins 1st championship with Panthers

Panthers longtime defenseman Aaron Ekblad wins first Stanley Cup title

Ekblad relishes Stanley Cup championship in 10th season with Panthers

Sergei Bobrovsky saves best for last in Game 7 for Panthers

Bobrovsky saves best for last in triumphant Game 7 for Panthers

Vincent Viola Bill Zito built Florida Panthers into Stanley Cup champions

Viola, Zito turn Panthers into powerhouse, win 1st Cup title in team history

Aleksander Barkov first Finnish-born NHL captain to win Stanley Cup

Barkov becomes 1st Finland-born NHL captain to win Stanley Cup

Connor McDavid wins Conn Smythe Trophy for Oilers as playoff MVP

McDavid caps historic run with Conn Smythe despite Oilers loss in Game 7

Dmitry Kulikov gets assist on Stanley Cup clinching goal for Panthers

Kulikov plays role as unlikely hero for Panthers in Game 7

High School
USA TODAY Sports
SportsbookWire

Stanley Cup Final: Panthers not blaming goalie Sergei Bobrovsky for 3 straight losses

FORT LAUDERDALE — Potentially on the verge of one of the greatest collapses in professional sports history, the Florida Panthers are not blaming goalie Sergei Bobrovsky for putting them in that position.

They believe it’s on themselves, and it’s up to them to get out of it when they take on the Edmonton Oilers in Game 7 of the Stanley Cup Final on Monday.

In the first three games of the Cup Final, Bobrovsky had a .953 save percentage, a 1.33 goals-against average and a shutout. Since Florida took its 3-0 lead, he is 0-3 with a .793 save percentage and a 5.06 goals-against average. He also was pulled five minutes into the second period of Game 4, the game that turned around this series.

More: Stanley Cup controversy: Disputed offsides call on Panthers goal turns Game 6 in Oilers' favor

But past those numbers is a Panthers team that gave up a concerning number of rush chances to leave him out to dry — and that is what the rest of the team believes is behind the collapse.

“It’s definitely not his fault,” Matthew Tkachuk said after Sunday's practice. “I think it’s on us to tighten up defensively and get off to a better start. We have been trailing in each of the last three games, which might open you up a little bit and cause some more chances against, so we have to be a lot better in front of him and we will tomorrow.

“We expect all of us to play our best game of the year tomorrow and we certainly know that he’s really dialed in for us and has been for my whole two years here. He’s been outstanding the way he prepares, his focus. We’ve been talking the last few days after Game 6 with the players on how we can get better.”

In the past three games, Florida has been outscored 18-5 and has not held a lead. Bobrovsky arguably helped the Panthers stay in the game longer than they should have in Game 6, allowing just one goal in a first period where Florida was outshot 11-2. He finished the game with 16 saves on 19 shots in a 5-1 loss.

“I liked his last game,” Florida coach Paul Maurice said. “I thought it was strong and solid. Now, we were kind to him and didn’t give them a shorthanded breakaway to start the game, that was good. We cut down on those to give him a chance and we’ll try that again tomorrow. But he looked good and I thought he was solid.”

Bobrovsky missed practice on Sunday — as did Aaron Ekblad — but it was more for routine-related reasons. He will be back on the ice for Monday’s morning skate and ready to go as the Panthers look to avoid becoming just the second team in NHL history to blow a 3-0 series lead in the Cup Final and lose the Stanley Cup on home ice.

Panthers make change on struggling power play

With Carter Verhaeghe struggling mightily in the Stanley Cup Final — scoring one goal and one assist in the series and just one goal in his past eight games — the Panthers have made another change to their power play.

Vladimir Tarasenko will flip to his spot in the shooter’s hole looking to ignite a power play that has been working at an abysmal 5.3 percent clip this postseason. It will be a challenge against an Oilers penalty kill that has been dominant (32-for-33) since the Western Conference final, working at a 94.7 percent clip in the Cup Final.

More: Why are we still playing hockey on the first day of summer?

“Their penalty kill is dialed in and is playing really well,” Aleksander Barkov said. “They played really well against Dallas and now they’re doing the same thing to us. Obviously, we have to recognize that and we’ve been talking about it and working on it. So tomorrow, just like everything else in our game, we just need to come out and play our best whether it’s 5-on-5 or on the power play.”

Tarasenko is also the only player in this series who has experience playing in Game 7 of a Stanley Cup Final. He notched an assist in a 4-1 victory for the St. Louis Blues in their 2019 victory over the Boston Bruins on the night they won the championship. The Panthers hope that can give them an edge on Monday.

“It’s a different experience with the tension,” Brandon Montour said. “Vlad is a veteran player who helps everyone in this locker room and it’s huge to have him on our team. We had a Game 7 last year [vs. Boston] for the guys who were here. You got to treat it like one game. You gotta play simple but you gotta play to your game and you can’t get caught up with what they’re doing and what’s going on. It’s about the guys in this room and that’s what we intend to do.”

International
Education Jobs
Schools directory
Resources Education Jobs Schools directory News Search

L3 BTEC Health and Social Care - Unit 7 (Safe Practice) - Learning Aim B

Subject: Vocational studies

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Unit of work

Last updated

11 October 2023

Share through email
Share through twitter
Share through linkedin
Share through facebook
Share through pinterest

Included: Lessons which cover an intro to the unit B1, B2 and B3. Safeguarding forms and a safeguarding pocket guide. Human Rights Acts. Guide to completing the coursework.

Tes paid licence How can I reuse this?

Get this resource as part of a bundle and save up to 20%

A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

L3 BTEC HSC - Extended Certificate / Diploma bundle

Various units included for the L3 HSC Diploma / Extended Certificate award. Unit 1 - LA.A and LA.C only Unit 2 - LA.B and LA.C only Unit 4 - LA.A, B3 and LA.C only. Unit 5 - LA.A and LA.B only Unit 7 - LA.B only Unit 8 - LA.A and LA.B only Unit 10 - whole unit Unit 11 - LA.B and LA.C only Unit 14 - whole unit Worth £69

Your rating is required to reflect your happiness.

It's good to leave some feedback.

Something went wrong, please try again later.

This resource hasn't been reviewed yet

To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it

Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch.

Not quite what you were looking for? Search by keyword to find the right resource:

IMAGES

Unit 7 Coursework Guidance Booklet
P1
Math 1201 Written Assignment Unit 7
AP-unit 3 Study Guide
Unit 7 task 2
BTEC LEVEL 3 BUSINESS UNIT 7 COMPLETE COURSEWORK (D*)

VIDEO

Unlocking Success: 11th Biology and Business Maths Exams Student Reflections #news10
Math 7 7 4 Homework Help Morgan
ISCD Crafting Standout Portfolios Info Session
Cambridge Technicals L3 IT : Unit 8 Project Management, Distinction 2 (D2)
Class 12th project file ICSE board bhopal gas tragedy #schoolprojects #assignment #12thclasscbse
Cambridge Technicals L3 IT : Unit 8 Project Management, Pass 1 (P1)

COMMENTS

Unit 7
unit-7, coursework health and social care Unit 7. Preview text. P1 - Unit 7 - Duty of care is a legal obligaion to protect wellbeing and prevent harm. Duty of care is a legal obligaion to protect wellbeing and prevent the harm of others. Duty of care ensures that policies and procedures are followed for the beneit of the service user, the ...
Unit 7
P2 - UNIT 7 COURSEWORK 1. Health and Social Care Needs Assessment 92% (50) 3. Abuse. Criminal Law 100% (7) 10. Unit 7 - Principles of safe practices P3, P4 & D2. Health and Social Care 84% (61) Recommended for you. 5. P6 table - Coursework. Media Health And Social Care 100% (18) 31. Unit 7 - Paragraphs - Coursework.
Unit 7
unit-7, coursework HSC unit 7. Preview text. P. This report will be looking at and discussing duty of care and safe practice within health and social care and will be relating to a case study about an NHS ward. This report will contain the significance of duty of care and complaints procedures. It will also be considering what procedures would ...
Unit 7 chapter Pages 1-50
Check Pages 1-50 of Unit 7 chapter in the flip PDF version. Unit 7 chapter was published by penelope.ross on 2020-10-29. Find more similar flip PDFs like Unit 7 chapter. Download Unit 7 chapter PDF for free.
RQF BTEC (2016) Level 3 in Health and Social Care
This is a powerpoint to explain content for unit 7 Principles of safe practice in health and social care It focuses on learning aim C investigating the influ...
Unit 7
docx, 304.27 KB. docx, 21.07 KB. For those delivering Unit 7 - Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care (L3 BTEC Nationals) this is a particularly useful resource to help in supporting students with each criteria set out by the assignment brief. One sheet is provided per task and outlines, in order, what students must do to achieve ...
BTEC National Unit 7
BTEC National Level 3 Health and Social Care- Unit 7 Safe Practice in Health and Social Care. UPDATED AUGUST 2022. Many thanks to those of you who purchased this unit, and reviewed it so highly. I decided to refresh it and update it. Included in this resource: SOW. Coursework Guidance Booklet with details on all tasks and how to complete them.
Checklist Unit 7: Learning Aim C
This checklist is meticulously crafted to encompass all the essential elements required for Unit 7 Learning Aim C. Its primary objective is to provide students with a user-friendly guide, simplifying the process of including necessary components in their coursework effortlessly. Furthermore, this checklist serves as an invaluable tool for ...
Health and social- unit 7 Flashcards
Terms in this set (30) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what is abuse?, types of abuse, what is safeguarding? and more.
Case-studies-for-Unit-7-Principles-of-Safe-Practice-in-Health-and
Unit 7: Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care Case study 2: Wellings NHS Trust, Ward 3B Ward 3B is a female surgical ward with 32 beds in bays and two side wards for more serious cases. Amina Patel is the ward manager and she is supported by a team of registered nurses, nursing associates and healthcare assistants. The keypad used to gain entrance to the ward is broken and so ...
UNIT 7 TASK 2 Principles OF SAFE Practice
D1 Assigment 3 copy - Unit 7 D1 assignment (what is malfunction in the body) anatomy and physiology; Related Studylists unit 7. ... Unit 7 - Paragraphs - Coursework. Media Health And Social Care 91% (432) 4. Health and Social Care Unit 7 Task 2. Law, Policy And Ethical Practice In Health And Social Care 100% (6) 10.
PDF 1 ).
3 7 5,768 _ 4 69 _ 4,899 7 25 1,175 _ 5 87 2,001 _ 8 38 _ 2,660 6 52 _ 3,432 9 46 2,438 _ 652 R1 344 R7 824 66 47 70 53 71 23 Equations may vary. 1 __3 miles; 7 8 __3 4-6 __3 8 = n Possible answer: Subtract 1 from 6. Then multiply by the sum of 3 and 22. Then divide the product by 3. (6 -1) ⋅ (3 + 22) ÷ 3 152 UNIT 7 LESSON 1 Read and Write ...
Distinction Unit 7 Health and Social Care full coursework ...
BTECH Health and Social Care Unit 7 full completed coursework assignment - distinction grade. BTECH Health and Social Care Unit 7 full completed coursework assignment - distinction grade. 100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached.
BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care; Unit 7 Principles of Safe Practice
The package covers C1 and C2 of the Unit 7 spec content for the BTEC Level 3 Health and Social Care - Unit 7 Principles of Safe Practice Learning Aim C. The resource package cover the below:-C1 Health and safety legislation and policies in health and social care Legislation must be current and applicable to England, Wales or Northern Ireland.
Unit 7 Coursework Instructions
Unit 7 Coursework Instructions. The document provides instructions for a coursework project to design and build a database for a bouncy castle hire business. It outlines 6 tasks to complete with increasing levels of difficulty to achieve a Pass, Merit or Distinction grade. Task 1 involves database design, Task 2 is to construct the database ...
Unit 7 Sample Work Study Guide.docx
Chemistry A - Unit 7 Sample Work ⭐ Unit 7 MINI Lessons-watch these recordings to help with this unit ⭐ Instructions: Download and save to your computer in word document format. This is to be turned in at the end of the unit Can be used as your notes for the test. Complete this as you work along in your lessons. Write at least 2 sentence responses for the questions (as possible) Helps for ...
418 Jefferson Ave #7, Bristol, PA 19007
Zillow has 16 photos of this $269,000 1 bed, 1 bath, 808 Square Feet condo home located at 418 Jefferson Ave #7, Bristol, PA 19007 built in 2024. MLS #PABU2072526.
Unit 7 Learning Aim C booklet
This booklet can support you when writing your Unit 7 coursework and is also a good revision resource! btec level health social care unit principles of safe. Skip to document. University; High School. Books; Discovery. ... Unit 7 Principles of Safe Practice in Care Learning Aim C C1 Health and safety legislation and policies in health and ...
Unit 7: Critical Thinking Flashcards
Explain WHY critical thinking is important for nurses. Critical Thinking Model. 5 Points of Critical Thinking Star. 1. Contextual awareness. (what in this specific situation should you be aware of) 2. Using Credible Sources. (you need to use credible sources of data to prepare for clinical experience)
Crime spree ends with surrender to K9 unit at San ...
Crime spree ends with surrender to K9 unit at San Diego police headquarters: SDPD The initial crime involved the suspect allegedly threatening a transient and driving a car into the other man's ...
PDF Tank Company Name Tank Company City Test Date Serial/Unit Compliance
Tank Company Name Tank Company City Test Date Serial/Unit Compliance Testing Firm Name A.D. TRANSPORT EXPRESS CANTON, MI 10/18/2023 6652 Yes TANK TRUCK SERVICE & SALES ADVANTAGE TANK LINES TOLEDO, OH 12/19/2023 191383 Yes ADVANTAGE TANK LINES ADVANTAGE TANK LINES TOLEDO, OH 11-Jan-24 18057 Yes ADVANTAGE TANK LINES
BTEC National Unit 7 Coursework Guidance
docx, 147.65 KB. BTEC Health and Social Care Level 3. Unit 7 Principles of Safe Practice in Health and Social Care. Complete coursework guidance booklet. Suitable for all learners. Includes the case studies and tasks for the complete unit. Literacy prompts and model answers are also included. Word document so completely editable.
Hose running from air-conditioning unit to handwash sink: York County
Observed hose running from wall installed air-conditioning unit to hand-wash sink. Hose must be re-routed to not drain into the hand-wash sink. Exit screen door located in the rear exit area of ...
Early Release
To assess whether a less pathogenic influenza virus could be used as a surrogate to study viral persistence on milking unit materials, we compared viral decay between H5N1 and H1N1 in raw milk over 1 hour on rubber inflation liner and stainless-steel surfaces (Figure 2, panel B). The 2 viruses had similar decay rates on both surfaces ...
BTEC Law Unit 7 Tort Law Learning Aim A
Unit 7: Aspects of Tort Learning Aim A: Examine the principles of tort and liability in negligence for psychiatric harm. Liability for Psychiatric injury and economic loss. 9th Feb 2021 Dear Samantha, Andrew and Louise, I am writing to inform you of the injuries, loss and damage you have faced and how you will be compensated.
Health and Social Care Unit 7: Principles of Safe Practice (Distinction
Health and Social Care Unit 7: Principles of Safe Practice (Distinction) Subject: Vocational studies. Age range: 16+. Resource type: Unit of work. File previews. docx, 2.43 MB. pdf, 1.29 MB. I completed this resource as part of an Extended Diploma in Health and Social Care. I received a Distinction in this unit and an overall of D D D*.
3 Keys: Oilers at Panthers, Game 7 of Stanley Cup Final
Here are 3 keys for Game 7: 1. Spark up the power play. This one is for the Panthers, who are 1-for-19 and have allowed two short-handed goals with the man-advantage in the Cup Final.
Panthers backing Sergei Bobrovsky vs. Oilers in Stanley Cup Final Game 7
Since Florida took its 3-0 lead, Bobrovsky is 0-3 with a .793 save percentage and a 5.06 goals-against average. He also was pulled in the second period of Game 4.
BTEC Law Unit 7 Tort Law Learning Aim A
Unit 7: Aspects of Tort Learning aim B: Explore liability for economic loss and negligent misstatements. Liability for Psychiatric injury and economic loss. 11th Feb 2021 Dear Matej and David. I am working as a trainee legal assistant at Smith & Jones and I am writing to you to inform you of the economic loss and negligent misstatement.
Unit 7 (Safe Practice)
Unit 5 - LA.A and LA.B only Unit 7 - LA.B only Unit 8 - LA.A and LA.B only Unit 10 - whole unit Unit 11 - LA.B and LA.C only Unit 14 - whole unit Worth £69. £55.00. Included: Lessons which cover an intro to the unit B1, B2 and B3. Safeguarding forms and a safeguarding pocket guide. Human Rights Acts. Guide to completing the cour.