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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

Germany is an excellent destination for both young and experienced researchers. 

The European country is third behind the U.S. and China for research & development expenditure . Plus, it is home to some of the most prestigious (and affordable!) research universities in the world.

If you’re considering doing a PhD in Germany, you will need to follow these steps:

The main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

• Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor
• Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
• Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application
• Apply for Doctoral Studies
• Secure Funding
• Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit
• Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

Why Pursue a PhD in Germany?

If you’re not yet sure if you should choose Germany for your PhD studies, here are some compelling reasons why you should consider it:

• Top-tier universities. Four German universities are ranked in the top 100 global universities, and many more are in the top 200.
• Large international student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community. Over 458,210 international students are currently studying in the country.
• Quality research institutions. There are over a thousand publicly funded research institutions (universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies) that you can choose from in Germany.
• High investment in research and development. Germany’s public expenditure in the research and development sector reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
• Strong economy. Germany is known for its strong and stable economy. After completing your PhD, there are plenty of employment opportunities in the academic, business, and research sectors.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

From finding the perfect program for you to submitting your application and starting your PhD, here are all the steps you need to take:

Important Tip: To Maximize Your Chances of Getting Your German Student Visa You Should Use a Blocked Account as Proof of Financial Resources.

A blocked account is a special type of bank account , to prove you have enough funds to live in Germany for one year.

As of 2024, as a foreigner in Germany you need a minimum of €934 euros per month for living expenses. So, you are required to have a total of €11,208 in your bank account before you apply for a German internship visa.

Click here to learn more about the German Blocked Account

1. Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

After all the years of studying leading up to this step, you most likely have a few areas of interest you want to do your research in.

This is the first important step: define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. If you need more help, you can consult online resources from research universities. Or, even better, you can discuss your decision to pursue a PhD with academic communities online or offline and seek advice from current PhD students in Germany who can tell you more about their individual experiences.

If you already know what your research direction is, you can begin searching for suitable programs right ahead. 

• The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has an extensive list of current opportunities, which you can look up at the  DAAD PhD Database . 
• Another option is to research universities in Germany individually to find the newest opportunities and offerings at each institution.

You will also have to find a supervisor. The best way to do this is to go to university websites and find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research fields/current projects. Contact professors whose work aligns with your interests via email to inquire about supervision opportunities.

> Search PhD programs from 31,000 research institutions listed on the GERiT database .

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

There are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD: individual PhD programs and structured PhD programs. Each comes with its own set of advantages and requirements.

2. Verify That You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

Requirements and application documents to apply for a PhD in Germany are specific to the institution and research area you’re applying to. But, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

• Academic degree recognized in Germany. You need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) in a field relevant to the PhD program to qualify.
• Copy of master’s thesis. Submit a copy of your master’s thesis. The work should demonstrate your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
• Research proposal. Craft a clear and detailed research proposal that includes your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. 
• Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose why you want to do a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with them.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction, you may have to provide proof of language proficiency in English and/or German. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF and DSH for German or TOEFL and IELTS for English. Proof of previous studies in the language is also sufficient.
• Academic references. Provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors/ academic advisors who can attest to your academic abilities and potential.
• Predoctoral examination. Some programs ask that you pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

3. Apply for Doctoral Studies

After finding a suitable PhD program and mentor, and making sure your academic qualifications are recognized, you can send in your application.

You can send in your application online or by post, depending on the hosting institution’s preferences. To make sure, check their guidelines and specifications. Admission committees are selective, so you may also have to attend an interview soon in the application process.

4. Secure Funding

You must demonstrate access to a minimum of €934 per month (€11,208 per year) to meet visa requirements and live comfortably while you’re in Germany. You can prove this through an admission agreement or relevant PhD contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are many ways to support yourself financially while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

• PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139. 
• Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will work on specific research projects on a contract and receive a salary.
• Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
• Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies for extra income.

> Read more about the costs of studying in Germany.

> Discover PhD scholarships in Germany.

5. Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit

If the institution confirms your place in the PhD program, next in line is applying for a student visa or residence permit. The requirements for a German PhD visa or permit can vary depending on your nationality and circumstances: 

Visa Requirements

If you’re a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland, you don’t need a special permit or visa for a PhD in Germany. You can enter the country for research and work purposes with a valid passport or ID card.

Otherwise, you will need a visa and/or a residence permit to do your PhD in Germany. Nationals of some countries, including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, don’t need a visa but must apply for a residence permit.

Depending on the circumstances, you need one of the following visas:

• Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program.
• Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany.
• EU Blue Card. If your PhD contract pays a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you can apply for an EU Blue Card . This is a special residence title for international academics and other professionals.

Residence Permit Requirements

If you come to Germany on a visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This also applies to nationals of countries outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland who are exempt from the visa requirement.

You can apply for one of the following residence permits:

• Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, apply for a study-based residence permit. It lasts up to two years, extendable.
• Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, apply for a research permit. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
• EU Blue Card. With a PhD offer that has a minimum salary of €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for some bottleneck professions , you may be eligible for the EU Blue Card. Apply for this permit if you meet the criteria.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

6. Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

The most exciting step of all is near—time to unpack your bags and begin your life as a PhD student or researcher in Germany. Once you’re settled in, there are some formalities you need to take care of.

The international office at the university or another representative can guide you best on this. However, here are some of the main things you need to do once you arrive in Germany:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process. 

Get Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany is required by law to have health insurance coverage. This includes international PhD students. Depending on the source of your funding, you are eligible for one of the following health insurance coverages: 

• Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are automatically insured with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung-GKV) in most cases.
• Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) can choose between:
• Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
• Coverage with a private health insurance company.

There are some exceptions in which you can use your insurance from your home country. These apply to students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account 

You should open a German bank account as soon as possible. Most financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are done through a German bank account.

Enroll at the University

If your PhD program is part of a university degree, you need to enroll as a student at the university. Follow your university’s instructions to submit the necessary documents to the enrollment office. These usually include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and semester fee.

After you complete this process, you will receive an Enrollment Certificate (Immatrikulationsbescheinigung). This is a very important document that you most likely need in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot of planning involved if you’re considering doing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Germany?

A PhD in Germany usually takes between three to six years to complete. Just like in other countries, it can take longer or shorter than expected, depending on several factors. The type of PhD you choose (structured programs can be more rigid), your subject area, and individual progress can all make a difference in the time it takes to get a PhD in Germany.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

The majority of PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if need to enroll at a university for your PhD, there is a small semester fee you need to cover. The fee can be higher or lower depending on the university, but it usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

You don’t necessarily have to know German to do a PhD in Germany. In fact, most PhD programs in Germany are in English, especially in fields such as science, engineering, and humanities. In these programs, you can both write your thesis and communicate with your advisor and peers in English.

There is of course the chance that the program you’ve chosen is in German or requires knowledge of German (in most cases, in addition to English). In this case, you have to prove your proficiency through a recognized language certificate or proof of previous studies in German.

Even if German isn’t mandatory, we strongly encourage you to learn the basics. They will be super helpful in daily interactions and getting accustomed to life in Germany.

How Much Does a PhD Student Earn in Germany?

Most PhD candidates in Germany receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant. This includes candidates affiliated with universities, research institutes, or company collaborations.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under either the Collective Agreement for Civil Service TVöD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst or the Collective Agreement for the Civil Service of Individual Federal States TV-L (Tarifvertrag der Länder). Since universities are funded by their respective federal government, if your PhD is affiliated with one, your salary will be structured under the TV-L.

Doctoral positions fall within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6). The difference between the tiers (Stufe) depends on prior experience in the field. If you don’t have any research experience, you will fall under Tier 1 and progress to the other tiers throughout your PhD.

Your salary will ultimately be determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

> Learn more about pay ranges for PhD students using this convenient calculator .

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

Part-time work is an option in most cases unless it’s strictly stated otherwise in your contract. Whether or not you are allowed to work on the side as a PhD in Germany depends on the working hours stated in your PhD contract, supervisor, and other specific circumstances. 

However, since the PhD is considered a job in itself, it’s usually frowned upon to have a side hustle. Even if you have a 50% contract, a PhD is demanding and requires long hours of work and research. If you choose to work on the side, make sure to find the right balance between work and your PhD commitments. To be on the safe side, it’s best to talk to your supervisor and go over all the legal and contractual obligations related to your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

Here are the main steps to defending your PhD thesis in Germany:

• Submit your thesis. The first step is submitting submit your thesis and supporting documents in adherence to all the formal requirements. A commission will be formed, and in some cases, you can suggest reviewers.
• Oral defense. The next step is preparing and undergoing an oral defense, which can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this time, you will present your research and discuss it with the committee. The defense can be either public or private.
• Receive the title and publish your work. The outcome of the discussion determines your final grade, to be received after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects Like After Doing a PhD in Germany?

Career prospects after a PhD in Germany are quite promising. 

The most common paths for PhD holders in Germany are either in academia as professors or post-doctorate researchers or in industry positions. 

Technology, healthcare, and finance, in particular, are some of the most in-demand industries in Germany. The country’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place to develop your career.

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The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Germany in 2024

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Why study in Germany

If you're looking to study at a university in Germany , you will find a wealth of study options, from world-renowned technical universities to vibrant cultural hubs, ensuring a well-rounded educational experience. Its education has a strong research focus, clearly imposed high standards, a more traditional and hierarchical approach to lectures and seminars, and a highly competitive application system.  

There are over 400 higher education institutions in Germany , of which dozens feature in the World University Rankings. In Europe, German universities have always been highly regarded. And ‘always’, in this case, means since 1386 when they opened the first university in Heidelberg. And today, they care about higher education just as much: each year, Germany spends an average of 14,200 USD for each student (an amount higher than the OECD average of 11,800 USD). 

Why do international students choose to study in Germany?

1. Free higher education for international students 

Most public universities are free for all students , regardless of nationality, so many international students choose to study in Germany. However, getting in is not easy; the number of places is limited, and speaking German is usually necessary. On the other hand, private universities offer English-taught programmes, which are easier to get into, but also have quite expensive fees.  

2. Different types of study programmes for different fields of study  

In Germany, higher education is structured by fields of study and the specific goals of each degree. This means students benefit from clear career paths due to their specialised training and opportunities for professional development.  

3. Perfect place to study if you’re into Tech, Engineering, Arts, or Humanities 

German universities have consistently performed well in the field of Engineering & Technology . The country has a strong industrial and technological base which, combined with the strong partnerships between universities and industry, leads to high-performing, innovative study programmes perfect for tech enthusiasts.  

At the same time, German universities also excel in fields like philosophy, literature, and history. Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger are just some German names that changed these fields forever.  

Culture in Germany

German people place a high value on being on time and getting things done in an organised manner. They are also hardworking and appreciate good discipline, while their communication style is direct. You will also find that Germans care a lot about social justice and environmental protection, and the country has many initiatives and programs in place to promote sustainability and social responsibility. 

Cultural diversity in Germany  

Germany is among the biggest countries in Europe and the second most populous on the continent (with a population of more than 83 million people). Its position in the continent's heart exposed it continuously to cultural influences: northern and southern, eastern and western-European.  

Germany reflects its complex history and regional differences. Generally, western Germany has a slightly higher quality of life and salaries than eastern Germany. At the same time, religion is less important in the East than in the West, and there are lower living costs. Some of the major cities in the East include Berlin, Leipzig, and Dresden. 

There are also cultural differences between the North and the South. The south is known for its traditional Bavarian culture, with lederhosen, dirndls (traditional clothes), and a strong beer culture. The north tends to be more international, with cities like Berlin and Hamburg known for their art scenes, nightlife, and fashion. 

Each region has its own distinct traditions, dialects, and culinary specialities. For example, Bavaria is known for its traditional folk costumes, beer festivals, and hearty cuisine, while the Rhineland is known for its carnival celebrations and love of wine. 

Different cultures in Germany 

The country is home to many different ethnic groups, including Turkish, Poles, Russians, Italians, Romanians and others. Each of these groups has its own unique cultural traditions, languages, and customs, which contribute to the overall cultural diversity of the country. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the largest immigrant population in Germany is from Turkey, with more than 1,4 million people as of December 2021. Naturally, Turkish is the most commonly spoken immigrant language; in many schools, students can study it as a second language and even choose it as a subject for the Abitur (the German exam taken at the end of high school before they can continue to university). 

Languages spoken in Germany 

The main language spoken in Germany is called German or "Deutsch" (not to be mistaken with Dutch, which is spoken in the Netherlands). In school, most Germans learn the so-called "Standarddeutsch" or "Hochdeutsch," the standard or high form of German. However, there are many different accents and dialects spoken throughout the country. 

Aside from German, several other languages are spoken in Germany due to its diverse population and history. Some of the most common are English, Turkish, Polish, Arabian, and Russian. You can get by knowing only one of these languages, especially English, which is taught in schools, and Turkish, which has a large immigrant population speaking it, but your experience will be limited. If you want to move past basic day-to-day activities or situations and want to enjoy socialising, as well as full work and study opportunities , then you need to learn German.  

German food culture 

Germany is known for its love of pork, beef, and sausages, served in hearty dishes, with potatoes, vegetables, and bread. Some of the most well-known German dishes include: 

• Schnitzel - Thin, breaded and fried cutlets of meat, usually pork or veal, served with a side of potatoes, vegetables or salad. 
• Sausages - Germany is famous for its many types of sausages, including bratwurst, weisswurst, and currywurst, often served with mustard and bread or potato salad. 
• Sauerkraut - This is fermented cabbage commonly served as a side dish with meat. 
• Spätzle - Noodles often served as a side dish with meat, stews or gravies. 
• Pretzels - A soft, chewy bread often served as a snack with mustard or cheese. 
• Black Forest Cake - A chocolate cake layered with cherries and whipped cream, named after the Black Forest region of Germany. 

Overall, German food culture is diverse and flavourful, and many German cities and regions also have unique specialities and local dishes. 

Weather in Germany  

Germany has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. However, there are some regional variations. In summer, temperatures can reach up to 25-30°C (77-86°F), especially towards the south of the country where it’s warmer. In fact, the southwest has a Mediterranean climate so you can even see exotic trees like lemons, kiwis, and figs. In winter, on the other hand, temperatures below the freezing point and snowfall are not uncommon, particularly in the Bavarian Alps and the Black Forest.  

How to choose a university in Germany?

The first thing you should know when thinking about how to choose a university in Germany is that there are four types of higher education institutions, each with its own particularities: 

1. Universities. They have a strong focus on theoretical knowledge and research. 

2. Universities of applied sciences. These universities have a practical approach to learning. Their most common fields of study are Technology, Business, Social Services, and Media. 

3. Colleges of Art, Film, and Music. These universities are entirely dedicated to the study and practice of Art, Film, and Music; typically, there is a talent-based admission test, and specially gifted people might get in even if they don’t fulfil the other requirements.  

4. Cooperative universities. These universities combine academic learning with practical work in a company (they offer dual study programmes – duale hochschulen) 

Deciding where you want to study is a deeply personal choice, but there are a few general ideas you should consider, like your budget, the language requirements, or the location of the university. To simplify things, we’ve compiled a list of the main aspects to remember when deciding which German university is right for you. 

Choosing a university checklist: 

1. Depending on what you wish to study, find out which type of higher education institution offers the programme you’re interested in: universities, universities of applied sciences, colleges of art, film, and music, or cooperative universities.  

2. Check the language of instruction: German is the primary language of instruction at most universities in Germany, although there are some programmes taught in English . 

3. Consider the key differences between different locations in Germany: 

• East vs West: The East is a bit less wealthy than the West but has lower living costs.  
• North vs South: The south is known for the traditional Bavarian culture, while the north tends to be more international. 
• Rural vs Urban: many students choose to study in rural areas like Bayreuth, Göttingen, or Tübingen for a quieter lifestyle and access to outdoor activities. However, urban areas offer more opportunities for internships, jobs, and cultural events. 

4. Choose between public and private universities: public ones have free tuition fees but are much harder to get into and most likely have programmes taught in German; private ones have tuition fees that are quite expensive but will likely have programmes in English, and it’s easier to be admitted into one.  

5. Read student reviews to learn how other students feel at that university. If you access a programme of study on our portal , you can read tens of student reviews for each study programme. And if you're still in doubt, try chatting with students who are currently studying at universities you are interested in.  

>>> There are plenty of international study programmes to choose from on Studyportals:  2000 study programmes in Germany .  

What are the best universities in Germany 

Known for their high academic standards, strong focus on research, and emphasis on theoretical education, 59 universities in Germany feature in the most important World Rankings . Here are the top 5 universities in Germany:

• Technical University of Munich .Known for its strength in engineering and technology, the university also strongly focuses on interdisciplinary research and international collaborations. It is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in Germany and Europe.
• Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich . As one of the oldest universities in Germany, LMU has a strong reputation for research in a wide range of fields, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is located in the heart of Munich, known for its vibrant cultural scene and high quality of life.
• Heidelberg University . Located in the charming university town of Heidelberg, this university has a long history of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its research in medicine, natural sciences, and humanities.
• Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin . This university is a medical school, one of the largest and most prestigious medical institutions in Europe. It strongly focuses on research and innovation in healthcare and is located in the vibrant city of Berlin.
• Humboldt University Berlin . Founded in 1810, Humboldt University has a long tradition of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its strengths in humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences and is located in the heart of Berlin.

>>> The full list of university rankings in Germany .

What are the top student hubs in Germany

When you think of studying in Germany, the first place that comes to mind might be the dynamic and rapidly evolving Berlin, and it sure is a worthy destination. But Germany has quite a variety of student hubs that you should absolutely consider.

Berlin. The German capital is cosmopolitan, welcoming to international students and ex-pats, and more affordable than other capitals in central and western Europe. It is also home to several prestigious universities, including Humboldt University, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin.

München . München, the third largest city in Germany, hosts the famous Oktoberfest celebration and is considered a hub of technology, art, culture, and business. On top of that, you will have a lot of opportunities to do awesome outdoor activities . It is also home to the top two universities in the country, as per the latest rankings : the Technical University of München and Ludwig Maximilian University.

Heidelberg. In Heidelberg, you can find the oldest university in Germany, dating from the 14th century: Heidelberg University. The city sits between a river and a forest, with its own castle ruins, old bridge, Gothic churches, and funicular railroads.  The historic city is one of the most beautiful in Germany.

Rhine - Ruhr region. This region is the largest metropolitan area in Germany and is an international, industrial, and educational hub. The area sits in the country's West and includes large cities like Düsseldorf , Köln , and Dortmund . In the Ruhr area alone, there are 22 universities, which makes it the area with the largest number of higher education institutions in Germany.

Overall, each of these student hubs in Germany offers a unique and distinct experience for students, with different cultural, historical, and natural attractions to explore.

Tuition Fees in Germany

Tuition fees in Germany depend on the type of university you attend – public or private – and on your level of study – undergraduate, postgraduate or doctorate degree.  

Public universities are free for all undergraduate students, meaning there are no tuition fees for international students. The only cost is a small administration fee of 265 EUR per year. 

For Master’s degrees, the situation is a little different. MAs are free only if you completed your Bachelor’s in Germany and your MA is in the same field of study. PhDs are usually free. 

The only exception to this rule is the Baden-Wurttemberg area (which includes the cities of Freiburg and Stuttgart) , which has tuition fees for students outside the EU. Even in this area, some universities (e.g. The University of Stuttgart ) allow you to apply for a tuition fee waiver if you’re going through financial hardship, or request a tuition fee reimbursement if your financial status changes and you start having difficulties after you’ve already paid.  

Private universities are paid . Tuition fees reach up to tens of thousands of euros per year. The average for a Bachelor’s degree is between 10,000 and 15,000 EUR per year, while a Master’s varies between 10,000 and 20,000 EUR per year. However, some universities can have tuition as high as 50-60,000 EUR, like Bard University from Berlin. 

>>> Use the ‘Tuition fee’ filter on the left menu of our Bachelor’s , Master’s , or PhD   search pages to find the programme best suited for your budget. You can also sort the list of available programmes by Lowest tuition fee by clicking the top right Sort button. 

Learn about tuition fee insurance for international students and why it's useful . 

Can I study in Germany for free?

Yes, you can access free education in Germany for international students, and this is a big attraction point for students who want to study abroad in Europe. However, there are a few restrictions to accessing tuition-free programmes: 

• You must study at a public university 
• Undergraduate and PhD programmes are free, but the only way to study a Master’s in Germany for free is if you completed a BA in that country and your MA is in the same field of study as your BA.  
• There is an exception to the rule: public universities in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg area have tuition fees for non-EU international students. Some of the best universities here are:  
• Heidelberg University  
• University of Tübingen  
• University of Freiburg  
• Ulm University  
• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  
• University of Mannheim  
• University of Hohenheim  
• University of Konstanz  

Financial Aid and Scholarships in Germany

Because higher education in Germany is mostly free, there are not so many scholarships available. The main organisation offering scholarships and awards is Begabtenförderungswerke - scholarships for gifted students . 

This is a group of 13 scholarship providers supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 

Types of scholarships on offer

There are several types of financial aid and scholarships available in Germany , and to choose which ones are best fitted for you, you should keep in mind a few factors: eligibility, requirements, what kind of support they offer, and whether that meets your needs, how difficult is the application process, and how competitive is the award.   

These are the main scholarship types in Germany: 

DAAD Scholarships: The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) offers a wide range of scholarships for international students and researchers to study or conduct research in Germany. 

Deutschlandstipendium: This is a merit-based scholarship that provides financial support to highly talented students enrolled in a degree program at a German university. 

Erasmus+ Scholarships: The Erasmus+ program provides scholarships for students from EU member states to study or conduct research abroad, including in Germany. 

StipendiumPlus: This is a scholarship program funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that provides financial support to talented and committed students who face challenging social or personal circumstances. 

Foundations and organisations: Many private foundations and organisations in Germany also offer scholarships to students based on academic merit, financial need, or other criteria. 

Where you can find scholarships

An excellent starting point when figuring out where to apply for scholarships is the Mastersportal search for scholarships in Germany .  

Other credible sources with up-to-date information about scholarships and financial aid: 

• Studyportals Scholarship – International Distinction Award, open to all international students – see FAQ about the award here. 
• Your preferred university's official website . They will likely award scholarships themselves or recommend partner organisations where to apply for financial aid.  
• Funding programmes for musicians and artists . If your area of study is art, music or film, you can also look into accessing a programme that supports artists and musicians.  

How to apply 

Once you’ve researched and shortlisted the scholarships you want to apply to, it’s time to get going with the actual application. Applying for a foreign university scholarship may be intimidating, but if you follow these steps, it won’t be that hard: 

• Check the eligibility criteria: ensure you meet all the requirements, including academic achievements, nationality, age, field of study, and more. Applying for a bursary or a university grant may have different rules from applying for a scholarship. 
• Gather the required documents: Financial aid providers all have a how-to-apply for university funding or scholarship page. This is the place to find and check what documents you need, things like transcripts, a motivation letter for applying to the scholarship , and recommendation letters. 
• Complete the application: pay attention as you fill out the scholarship application form to ensure you include all required information. 
• Submit the application: a very important step, take a deep breath and click submit! 
• Wait for a response: this may be harder than it sounds. But if you are shortlisted, you will probably be called for an interview or asked to provide additional information. See our advice on how to do well in a scholarship interview.  
• Accept the scholarship: the best part! If you are selected, read through the terms and conditions and accept the scholarship offer if you are happy with the terms. 

What to include in your application 

The specific requirements for a scholarship application will vary depending on the type of financial aid or scholarship and the program you are applying to. However, a scholarship application will always ask you to explain why you are applying for financial aid and how it will help you achieve your academic and career goals. This is usually done in a motivation letter or a request letter for your scholarship application, and it is the most important element of your application. That’s why it’s essential to Learn how to write a motivation letter for your scholarship .  

Other information to include in your application will likely be: 

• Personal information 
• Academic background, such as your academic transcripts, degrees, and certificates 
• Letters of recommendation, typically provided by teachers, professors, or employers who can vouch for your academic abilities and potential 
• Financial Information 
• Essays or writing samples that demonstrate your writing skills and ability to think critically. 
• Other supporting materials, such as a portfolio of work or a list of awards and honours 

Interested in scholarships for Germany? Check out our scholarship search page.

Apply to university in Germany

How to apply.

The easiest way to apply to a German university as an international student is through Uni-Assist .  This service guides you step by step as you put together your application, it evaluates your certificates and sends your application to the university you’re interested in.

How much does it cost to apply to university?

The cost for the service is 75 EUR for the first application and 15 EUR for subsequent applications.

Can you apply directly to a university?

The alternative to Uni-Assist is to apply directly at the university and contact their International Office for assistance.

There are also differences between public and private universities. At public universities, admissions are regulated by “numerus clausus,”   a numbers-based system determining the number of available places on a programme. It doesn’t matter how good students are; the set number will be respected. Also, admission is based on high school marks, so again, the numbers will determine whether you get in or not.

However, demand is not as high for private universities because of their tuition fees, so getting in is considerably easier.

What’s the structure of the German academic year

The academic year in Germany generally runs from October 1st to September 30th of the following year and is divided into two main semesters:

1. Wintersemester : from October 1st to March 31st

The lecture period typically begins in mid-October and ends in mid-February, while the examination period typically lasts from late February to mid-March

There is also a semester break, usually from mid-February to mid-April

2. Sommersemester: from April 1st to September 30th

The lecture period typically begins in mid-April and ends in late July, with the examination period lasting from late July until mid-August. The semester break takes place from mid-August to mid-October.

There are also three extra short breaks during the academic year:

• Christmas break: around Christmas and New Year time in late December - beginning of January.
• Easter break: it depends on when Easter falls, but it’s usually in March or April
• Pentecost break: usually one week in May or June (depending on when Pentecost falls)

Of course, there can be variations to this schedule depending on the individual university, so it’s always best to check with your university as well.

When to apply for German universities 

Depending on when your course starts, there are also two application deadlines: 15 July if your programme starts in the winter semester and 15 January if your programme starts with the summer semester.

Documents needed to apply for university

The specific documents required to apply to a German university may vary depending on the program and the university. However, here is a list of common documents that are usually required:

• A completed application form: This can be an online application form or a paper-based form.
• A copy of your high school diploma or equivalent: This may include a transcript of grades or a certificate of completion.
• Proof of language proficiency: This may include a certificate of proficiency in German (such as TestDaF or DSH) or in English (such as TOEFL or IELTS), depending on the language of instruction of the program.
• A curriculum vitae (CV): This should include your education, work experience, skills, and achievements.
• A letter of motivation: This should explain why you are interested in the program and why you are a suitable candidate for it.
• Letters of recommendation: These should be written by teachers, professors, or employers who can attest to your academic or professional abilities.
• A valid passport or ID card: This is needed to prove your identity and citizenship.

It's important to note that some universities may require additional documents, such as a portfolio of artwork or a medical certificate. Make sure to check the specific requirements of each university and programme before applying.

Language requirements

To study in Germany, you need to speak German or English. Most programmes of study require German, especially those at public universities.  

German Language requirements 

If you apply at a public university in Germany, chances are the main language of instruction will be German, so you will need to show proof of your German language skills by taking one of these tests: 

• DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang) - the German language exam for university entrance 

The test is organised and hosted by the university at which you apply, but keep in mind that not all universities offer this test. Check which institution offers DSH . 

• TestDaF (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang)  

The test can be taken both on paper and digitally at one of the registered test centres worldwide. Find the available centres to take TestDaF .  

English language requirements for German universities

If, on the other hand, you apply for an English-taught degree , you’ll have to show proof of English language proficiency, in which case these tests would apply (but check your university’s page to be sure which tests they accept): 

• IELTS . You’ll get a score of 0 to 9 for each category (Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking), as well as an overall band score. Generally, German universities ask for a score of 6.0 or 6.5.   
• TOEFL . The four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) have a score of 0 to 30 points each. You can get a maximum of 120 points. Many universities ask for a score of 90 to be admitted.  
• PTE Academic . You can obtain a score between 10 and 90 points in the three sections Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. To study for an undergraduate degree, you usually need a score between 51-60 points, and for a postgraduate degree a score of 57-67.  
• Duolingo English test . The test is gaining more and more popularity and is already accepted by thousands of institutions worldwide. You’ll get a score between 10 and 160 points, where 95-100 points is the equivalent of the 6.0 IELTS score.  

>> To learn more about the different English tests you can take, read this comprehensive guide we’ve put together.  

Student housing in Germany

Finding suitable and affordable housing can be a challenge, especially in major cities where demand is high. The main options you have in Germany are the following: 

• Student dormitories . Many universities have their own dormitories, which can be a good option for international students. These dormitories can be a bit basic, but they are affordable and offer a great opportunity to meet other students. 
• Student housing apartments. Many students in Germany live in shared apartments, called "WG" (Wohngemeinschaft). These apartments have shared kitchens and bathrooms, but each person has their own private room. 
• Off campus student housing - Private apartments. If you prefer to live alone or with family, you can also look for private apartments. However, these can be more expensive and harder to find, especially in big cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg. 

Renting a one-bedroom apartment in Germany varies between 500 and 1000 EUR on average, depending on the city you choose (München and Stuttgart being the most expensive) and how close to the city centre you want to live. Of course, you can also share a flat, and that will amount to a smaller rent.  

Check these useful resources where you can find student accommodation: 

• Amber   

You can look for a flat on Amber - a private platform where you can easily book student accommodation across 9 countries.  

• Studentenwerk    

Studentenwerk is a student organisation that provides affordable housing options for students. They manage dormitories, shared apartments and single apartments at affordable prices. 

When to apply for student accommodation

You should start looking for accommodation as soon as possible, ideally several months before your planned move-in date, as long as you have an offer from the university you applied to.  

Many universities in Germany have their own housing facilities or partnerships with local accommodation providers, so it's also a good idea to check with your university's international office or student services department for information on available options and application deadlines. 

Cost of living in Germany

Overall, Germany is a more affordable place to live compared to other countries in Western Europe. You can make do with less than 1000 EUR per month. And if you combine this with free tuition fees, you’ve got a very budget-friendly study destination.  

Accommodation is likely to be your biggest expense. The cost of rent varies depending on the location and size of the apartment or room. In bigger cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg, the average rent for a single room in a shared apartment ranges from €300 to €600 per month, while the average rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from €600 to €1000 euros per month. A monthly pass for public transportation can cost around €70 to €100 per month. 

Cost of food in Germany

The cost of food in Germany is relatively affordable, with a basic meal in a restaurant costing between 8 and 15 euros. Grocery shopping can also be affordable at discount stores like Lidl, Aldi, or Netto. Here are some general estimates of the cost of food in Germany: 

Groceries   

On average, a litre of milk costs around 0.70-1.20 EUR, a loaf of bread costs around 1-3 EUR, and a dozen eggs costs around 1-2 EUR. A kilogram of apples, bananas or potatoes costs around 1-2 EUR, and a kilogram of chicken or beef costs around 8-15 EUR. 

Eating Out 

A basic lunch in a fast-food restaurant or cafeteria can cost around 5-8 EUR, while a sit-down meal in a mid-range restaurant costs, on average, 12-25 EUR per person. Fine dining restaurants can be much more expensive, with prices ranging from 40-100 EUR per person or more. 

Drinks  

A water bottle (0.5 litres) is typically around 0.50 - 1 EUR, while a regular beer costs between 1.50 and 3 EUR in a bar or restaurant. A bottle of wine (750ml) can range from 5 to 15 EUR, with higher-end wines costing more. 

Work and study in Germany

Are international students allowed to work in germany.

International students are allowed to work in Germany under certain conditions. If you are a non-EU citizen, you can work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. However, during semester breaks, you are allowed to work full-time. You must request permission from the Federal Employment Agency and the Foreigners' Office to work more than that.  Also, remember that international students are not allowed to work as self-employed or freelance. 

It's also worth noting that some degree programs may have their own limitations on the working hours for international students in Germany. Therefore, it's important to check with your university's international office or career centre for specific guidelines regarding employment for international students. 

On the other hand, if you are an EU citizen or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland, you can work in Germany without any restrictions. 

Where can I find jobs?

You can start by looking at specific job portals for student jobs in Germany. On these portals, you can find part-time work for students and flexible and short-term work opportunities.  

Some popular student job portals include: 

• Jobmensa  
• StudentJob  
• Nebenjob  
• Unicorns  

Moreover, many universities in Germany have career centres that can help students find work opportunities. These centres can provide information on job vacancies, internships, and career events, but they also guide in creating a resume and preparing for job interviews.  

>> Read this article for Tips on Finding Part-Time Jobs for International Students , including ideas of how to get an internship or online work-from-home jobs for students. 

There are also online communities and groups where students and professionals in Germany share job opportunities and career advice, like InterNations and Meetup . 

Is Germany safe?

In general, Germany is considered a safe country ; however, you should use the same common-sense personal safety measures that you would use anywhere else in the world: 

• 110 for emergencies that require the police (national Emergency Number) 
• 112 for medical and fire emergencies (European Emergency Number) 

In the case of health issues that require medical attention but are not so urgent as to require a trip to the hospital but can’t wait until you can see your GP (general practitioner), you can also call 116 117 . 

Student insurance in Germany

Everyone living in Germany must have healthcare insurance, whether statutory or private. International students need health insurance as well, so you must already hold insurance when you enrol at the university at the start of the new semester.    

For that, you have several options:  

• Use health insurance from your home country. This situation applies to students from the EU (you need to request the European Health Insurance Card - EHIC from your country) and a few other countries with which Germany has such an agreement.  
• Take statutory health insurance from Germany, which will cost you around 110 EUR per month. 
• Choose health insurance from a private insurance provider in Germany  
• Request an Aon Student Insurance online . For international students, researchers, Erasmus students and educational staff - we have the right insurance for your situation.
• Opt for the health insurance offered by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) 

Support services available for international students

Your university is the most important place where you can find quality student support services during your university years, offering various services in mental health, academic support, language support, and others.  

Within your university, you should look for: 

• The International Office : this is the first point of contact for international students where you can find support for issues specific to international study. 
• Office of the University Registrar : which deals with general administrators tasks. 
• The Students Union : a student organisation which represents and protects students’ rights. Each university has its own Students Union which is part of FZS - Free Federation of Student Unions  

Other organisations which offer great support for international students in Germany are: 

• DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service : the largest support organisation for international students in Germany 
• German National Association for Student Affairs : This organisation provides services to support international students in Germany, including information about accommodation, health insurance, and social events.  
• Study-in-Germany : website with a lot of useful information for international students. 
• Uni-Assist : the platform that helps international students apply to German universities.  
• The Federal Foreign Office : where you can find official information regarding Visa application and legal requirements of living in Germany. 
• Studentenwerke : a network of student service organisations, which provides a wide range of services to support students in their academic and personal lives. There are 58 Studentenwerke throughout the country. 

Student organisations

There are quite a few student organisations in Germany, fit for many different tastes and interests. We’ll go through some of the best-known ones: 

• AIESEC is a global youth-led organisation that provides leadership development and cross-cultural exchange opportunities for young people. It is present in over 120 countries, with several chapters in Germany. 
• The Erasmus Student Network (ESN) Germany is a student organisation that helps international students integrate into German university life. It offers social and cultural events, language courses, and other support services. 
• Campus for Change is a student-led organisation that focuses on sustainability and climate action. It supports student initiatives and projects, and advocates for sustainable policies on campus and beyond. 
• Enactus Germany works with students to develop and implement sustainable business projects that address social and environmental challenges. 
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for engineers, scientists, and other professionals in the technology field. IEEE Germany provides networking opportunities, conferences, and other resources for students interested in the field. 

Things to do for students on a budget

Germany has plenty of things to do for students on a budget like visiting museums and galleries because many of them offer free admission, particularly on certain days of the week or during specific hours. There are also a lot of events like concerts and sports events which have discounted admission for students with a valid student ID card.

In Germany, you also have the opportunity to spend time in nature because there are many parks, forests, and other natural landscapes worth exploring. You can go for a hike, have a picnic, or simply relax in nature without spending any money.

Moreover, some of the best free things to do in Germany for students are street festivals, concerts, and markets organised in cities across the country. These are a great way to experience the local culture.

Top urban attractions for students

• Oktoberfest : Held annually in Munchen, Oktoberfest is the world's largest beer festival and draws millions of visitors from around the world. The festival runs for 16 days, usually from mid to late September until the first weekend in October, and features traditional Bavarian food, music, and of course, plenty of beer.
• Karneval/Fasching : Also known as the "fifth season," Karneval/Fasching is a pre-Lenten festival celebrated in many regions of Germany. The festivities usually include parades, costumes, music, and dancing, and take place in February or March.
• Christmas Markets : This is one of the best things to do in Germany in winter. Found in many cities and towns across Germany, these markets offer traditional crafts, foods, and gifts, as well as plenty of glühwein (mulled wine) and other holiday treats.
• Berlin International Film Festival : Also known as the Berlinale, this film festival is one of the most prestigious in the world and takes place annually in Berlin in February. The festival showcases films from around the globe, and attracts filmmakers, industry professionals, and movie fans from around the world.
• Berlin Wall : The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War, and its remains serve as a powerful reminder of the country's divided past. Visitors can see portions of the wall still standing, as well as the Checkpoint Charlie Museum, which chronicles the wall's history.

Top 5 Outdoor Attractions:

• The Romantic Road : The Romantic Road is a picturesque route that winds through some of Germany's most beautiful towns and villages, including Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Augsburg. The route is perfect for a road trip and offers plenty of scenic beauty and historic landmarks.
• The Black Forest : Located in southwestern Germany, the Black Forest is a dense, evergreen forest known for its natural beauty, cuckoo clocks, and traditional Black Forest cake. Visitors can hike, bike, and explore the many towns and villages in the area.
• Rhein in Flammen : Rhein in Flammen, or "Rhine in Flames," is a series of summer festivals held along the Rhine River. The festivals feature elaborate fireworks displays, music, and other entertainment, and take place in various towns and cities along the river.
• Neuschwanstein Castle : This castle, located in the Bavarian Alps, is the inspiration for the famous Disney castle and is one of Germany's most popular tourist destinations.
• Brandenburg Gate : One of Berlin's most recognizable landmarks, the Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century triumphal arch and a symbol of unity and peace.

Travelling in Germany

In Germany, you can travel by train, bus, trams, and ferries. As a student, you might receive a free travel card from your university , but even if you don’t, princes are quite affordable. 

The Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the national railway company and operates both regional and long-distance trains. If you are under 27, you can receive student travel discounts and find tickets starting from 12.90 EUR.

Other useful resources are:

• BVG Berlin which operates the public transportation system in Berlin.
• MVG Munich which operates the public transportation system in Munich.
• RMV Frankfurt which operates the public transportation system in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main region.
• VRR Ruhr which operates the public transportation system in the Ruhr area.

Moreover, while studying a German university, you can take advantage of different programmes such as:

• Erasmus+ a European Union program that provides funding for students to study, work, or volunteer in another EU country.
• The German Youth Hostel Association which offers affordable accommodation. 
• Youth Interrail Pass , you can buy a discounted interrail pass to travel by train either in Germany, in Europe, or across the world. 

Learning German

Many language schools in Germany offer courses for anybody interested in learning. Some popular language schools include  

• Goethe-Institut is a global organisation that promotes the German language and culture through language courses, cultural events, and examinations. 
• Berlitz , a language education company that offers a range of language courses, including German, through various formats such as in-person classes, online courses, and self-study materials. 
• DeutschAkademie , a language school which offers German courses for various levels of proficiency, both in-person and online, with a focus on small class sizes and personalised teaching. 

Many universities in Germany also offer German language courses for international students. Some universities even have preparatory courses for those students who want to study with them but do not meet the language requirements yet. 

A third option is online courses. These allow you to learn German from anywhere in the world. Some popular online language-learning platforms include  

• Duolingo is a very popular language-learning app that offers gamified lessons for free. You can learn a variety of languages, including German, and can access it both on mobile devices and web browsers. 
• Babbel is another language-learning app that offers interactive lessons and exercises for a subscription fee. It provides personalised feedback and tracks progress, and covers a range of languages, including German. 
• Rosetta Stone is a language-learning software which offers personalised lessons and feedback, and you can learn German for a subscription fee. 

Living as an expat in Germany

Germany is a welcoming and multicultural society; expats can find many opportunities to connect with others and explore the country's rich culture. However, if you managed through your studies without learning German, now it’s time you start language classes. If you want to be successful in the job market, speaking the country’s official language is very important in Germany.  

Finding expat apartments is usually not difficult, and if you pick something outside the city centre or choose to share the apartment, you can get by with an affordable rent.  

At the same time, remember that health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. Similarly to when you were a student, you can choose between public or private health insurance, depending on your needs and preferences. Public health insurance is generally more affordable, while private health insurance offers more personalised care and additional benefits such as dental and vision coverage. 

Expat communities in Germany

According to Deutschland.de , a service of The Federal Foreign Office, the best cities for expats in Germany are Aachen , Düsseldorf , Hamburg , and Frankfurt am Main . These results are based on a survey taken by 20,000 expats and revealed 8 German cities in total, which were among the 82 most popular with the ex-pat community.  

At the same time, you can look at the quality of life in general in Germany and discover that apart from the four cities mentioned above, Berlin , München , Nürenberg , and Stuttgart are some of the best places to live in Germany for expats. 

In terms of what nationalities are predominant in Germany, based on the Federal Statistical Office of Germany , at the end of 2021, the largest migrant population was Turkish, followed by Polish, Romanian, and Syrian people. 

If you want to connect with fellow nationals in Germany, you can start by joining DEGIS , the biggest international student network in Germany. Here you can participate in events, meet other students, and volunteer with them to gain useful experience.

Germany Immigration rules

How your immigration status changes after graduation.

Once you graduate, if you are from outside the EU, the main thing that changes is that you will no longer have a study Visa so you’ll need to find a different type of visa to stay in the country. Depending on your situation, you have several different Visa options.

Keep in mind that the German immigration process can be complex, and there are fees associated with it. The current immigrant visa application processing fee is €75. Additionally, applicants may need to provide extra documentation and attend an in-person interview.

Types of Visa

The type of Visa you need after graduation depends on what you want to do regarding work and employment. The main categories for you are:

• Job seeker visa . This visa allows recent graduates to stay in Germany for up to six months while they search for employment. If a job is found, the individual can then apply for a work visa.
• Language course visa . This visa allows individuals to stay in Germany for up to one year while they study the German language. This can be a great way to improve language skills and increase employability in Germany.
• Visa for the self-employed.  This type is for  those who are active in liberal professions  like Art, Science, or Education and work as self-employed, as well as for those who wish to  start their own business  in Germany.
•  Work visa. This type covers several possible situations:
• Blue Card ;
• work with a contract ;
• work with a qualification that is partially recognised ;
• work as an IT-specialist with work experience ;
• job seeker (academic) ;
• job seeker (vocational training)

Immigration processing times

Processing times for German visas can range from a few weeks to several months. For example, a job seeker visa may take approximately 4-6 weeks to process, while a family reunion visa can take several months.

Job opportunities in Germany

Germany has some of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union while having the largest economy in the EU. This means there is a constant need for skilled workers and educated people to fulfil the labour force demands in the country.  

Apart from having a lot of work opportunities, the work-life balance in Germany is excellent , and the average gross monthly salary is 4,105 EUR .  

If you decide to stay and look for graduate jobs, here are some starting points:  

• Expatica : great job opportunities in Germany for international students who speak English 
• EURES portal (European Employment Services, part of the European Commission): for people from the EU, EEA, or Switzerland.  
• The Federal Employment Agency : the largest provider of labour market services in Germany, and includes ZAV (International Placement Service) , a department specially dedicated to job opportunities in Germany for foreigners 
• English jobs : jobs that require English speaking 
• Jobooh : jobs in startups 
• Academics : academic and research jobs 
• Staufenbiel : jobs in Germany for graduates and students  
• Stepstone : includes internships and jobs for graduates 
• Monster  
• Kununu  
• MeineStellenboersen  
• JobStairs  
• The Local  
• Kimeta  

If you want to know more about working in Germany, you should also check  

• Expatica , with its comprehensive guide on how to find a job in Germany 
• EXpatrio , which gives a lot of useful information about the German work environment 

Continue your studies in Germany

If you are an international student who will graduate from a German university and would like to continue your studies in Germany, there are several options available to you: 

• Pursue a Master’s degree : you can apply for a tuition-free Master's degree if you already have a Bachelor's earned in Germany, as long as you continue in the same field of study at a public university. Head over here to see over 1800 Masters in Germany . 
• Apply for a PhD : if you are interested in pursuing a research-based degree and already have a Master’s degree, you can apply for a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme in Germany. You can opt for an individual doctorate (self-directed research under one professor) or a structured PhD where you have team supervision and courses, and it’s usually advertised with grants. Here’s a list of PhDs in Germany .   
• Apply for a postgraduate diploma or certificate : postgraduate certificates and diplomas in Germany can be obtained from universities, technical colleges, and private institutions. They are typically non-degree programs that focus on practical, job-oriented training and often include a combination of coursework and hands-on experience. 
• Apply for a professional qualification : professions such as law, medicine, or teaching require additional qualifications beyond a degree. You can apply for these professional qualifications through professional organisations or regulatory institutions. 

Frequently asked questions

1. do international students need a visa to study in germany .

Non-EU/EEA students need a visa to study in Germany. The type of visa you need depends on your country of origin and the length of your stay. 

2. Is studying in Germany worth it? 

Studying in Germany can be worth it for many students because of the high-quality education, international reputation of German universities, and opportunities for research and career development. However, it ultimately depends on your individual goals and circumstances. 

3. What is the cost of studying in Germany? 

Studying in Germany can be free at public universities, except for the Brandenburg state. However, other expenses are to consider, such as accommodation, health insurance, and living costs. Overall, you can study in Germany for less than 12,000 per year if you opt for a tuition-free university. 

4. How much money is required to study in Germany? 

The amount of money required to study in Germany varies depending on factors such as the location of your university, your lifestyle, and the type of program you are studying. You can live in Germany with less than 1000 EUR per month if you budget well. According to Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz (official student loans and scholarships regulator in Germany), the exact estimate is a minimum of €934 per month or €11,208 per year. If you’re a student of a non-EU country, you’ll have to show proof that you have the possibility to cover these finances when you apply for a Visa.  

5. Can I study in Germany without IELTS? 

Yes, it is possible to study in Germany without IELTS. Some universities may accept other language proficiency tests or allow students to take language courses at the university before beginning their degree program. 

6. What are the requirements to study in Germany? 

The requirements to study in Germany vary depending on the level of education and the program you are applying for. Generally, you will need to have completed secondary education and have proof of language proficiency (either German or English depending on the language of instruction for your course), as well as meet any additional requirements set by your chosen university. 

7. What exams are required to study in Germany? 

The main requirement is to pass the final school examination in your home country, which must be the equivalent of the German Abitur or the A-levels or the Baccalaureate. Apart from that, you will have to take a language exam and, depending on your programme, you might also have to sit additional tests. For example, for Med School, you will likely have to pass the "Test für Medizinische Studiengänge" (TMS), a subject-specific university entry examination.  

8. How to get permanent residency while studying in Germany? 

International students in Germany can apply for permanent residency two years after completing their studies if they meet certain requirements, such as being employed as a skilled worker and having sufficient financial resources. 

Interesting programmes for you

Find phds degrees in germany, what subject to study in germany.

• Agriculture & Forestry 5 Masters
• Applied Sciences & Professions 2 Masters
• Arts, Design & Architecture 2 Masters
• Business & Management 38 Masters
• Computer Science & IT 18 Masters
• Education & Training 4 Masters
• Engineering & Technology 33 Masters
• Environmental Studies & Earth Sciences 20 Masters
• Hospitality, Leisure & Sports 3 Masters
• Humanities 23 Masters
• Journalism & Media 3 Masters
• Law 8 Masters
• Medicine & Health 65 Masters
• Natural Sciences & Mathematics 150 Masters
• Social Sciences 68 Masters

PhD Degrees in Germany

• Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) 346 programmes
• Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.) 4 programmes
• Doctorate (Doctorate) 11 programmes

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

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How to apply for your PhD

Applying for your individual doctorate.

DAAD/Jan Zappner

Once you have decided on a potential supervisor, you have to  apply directly to the professor  in question. Here are some useful tips that may help you succeed in your application:

• Invest a lot of time and effort in your search for the right supervisor
• Demonstrate your interest: show that you know the potential supervisor’s research field and you know what to expect
• Give details of your own experience in this research field
• Give explicit reasons why you would like this professor to supervise your thesis
• Make your motives clear. It is important to show where your interest lies in your very first contact
• Choose the subject of your thesis in a way that fits in with the academic orientation of your supervisor
• Show that you are well-informed: you know the requirements for a doctorate in Germany
• In your covering letter you should be brief and precise

In your application, you should provide information regarding your prior academic achievement, the topic of your master’s thesis and the subject area in which you wish to specialise. Your application should also  include a well thought-out proposal  for your doctoral thesis.

What's next?

After you have found a professor willing to act as your supervisor, the responsible department or doctoral committee must then  confirm your eligibility as a doctoral candidate . At some universities, candidates have to apply for admission to the doctoral examination at this stage.

Although it is not always necessary, it can be advantageous for international students to  enrol as a doctoral student  even when they have opted for a traditional individual doctorate. The prerequisite for this is admission to the doctoral studies programme.

You may need to present proof that you have passed the relevant German language examination. The International Office at the respective university can provide more details. The doctoral regulations on departmental websites also provide information about requirements.

Applying for a structured PhD programme

When making your selection, you should focus on the following questions: Do the programme, the institution and the environment suit my doctoral proposal? What are the requirements? What is expected of doctoral students?

Once you have found a PhD programme, you should  invest sufficient time and care  in preparing your application. In some cases, there are application deadlines for admission to programmes. It is therefore advisable to begin looking for a suitable programme in good time before graduation.

Multistage application procedure

For your application to be successful,  your planned doctoral thesis must fit in  with the main emphases of the programme and you will need a good or very good degree that is recognised in Germany. Initial contacts are usually made over the Internet.

The application procedure itself often  involves a number of different stages , but differs from programme to programme.

• Generally, however, as a  first step  you will need to submit a curriculum vitae, a copy of your degree certificate, a brief description of your doctoral research proposal and a  letter outlining the reasons for your application .
• The  second step , usually on request, involves a detailed application with a  comprehensive exposé of the research project . This includes details of your time schedule, references from previous professors, copies of all certificates and your thesis and, possibly, proof of language proficiency.
• If these documents win over the admissions committee, the applicant is usually invited to a  personal interview , which can under certain circumstances also be held as a telephone conference.

Tips for your application

When you have found a suitable programme, submit an application to one of the professors in the PhD programme or to the appropriate selection committee – depending on the programme or call for proposals. Here are some useful tips that may help you succeed in your application:

• Invest a lot of time and effort in your search for the right programme
• Choose your thesis topic in a way that fits in with the programme. Graduate schools are more broadly based in terms of subject matter and work in an interdisciplinary way. Nevertheless, your thesis must fit in with their specific fields of research
• Demonstrate your interest: show that you know the doctoral programme and you know what to expect

In your application, you should provide information regarding your prior academic achievement, the topic of your master’s thesis and the subject area in which you wish to specialise. 

You should explain your reason for applying, describe your research project and possibly submit a position paper for your planned doctoral thesis. In some cases you will already be expected to know what you would like to do in your thesis and produce a research proposal on the subject.

How to write your research proposal

• Be precise: say exactly why you are writing and what your research project is
• Give precise details of what your research involves – and what it doesn’t involve
• Explain what you want to discover in your research, what problem you would like to solve
• Focus on your research topic and do not get lost in sideshows
• Develop a coherent and convincing argument in favour of your research project
• Don’t get tied up in minor details
• Don’t forget to mention the most important works in your research area
• Make sure your grammar and spelling are correct

Online course "How to apply for a PhD in Germany"

The completely online-based self-learning module offers information about how to write a good application, the characteristics of the German research landscape and many other useful topics. Register now!

Valerie Loiseleux

►►► Click here to register!

Anyone interested in the course is welcome to participate. You will need about six to nine hours to complete the course.

You will learn more about the following aspects of doing a PhD in Germany:

• where to find a PhD position,
• application requirements and how to write a good application,
• characteristics of the German research landscape,
• and how to convince a supervisor of your project.

© Concept and content PhD course:  proWiss Wissenschaftsberatung , PD Dr. Reinhard Klein-Arendt und Dr. Birte Kathage

Check out our brochure

Doing a phd in germany (2019, 40 pages).

This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.

• Degree programmes

Higher Education Institutions

• Doctoral studies
• without admission restriction
• local admisssion restriction
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• selection procedure / qualifying examination
• Baccalaureate / Bachelor
• Church degree
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• Extended qualification in music
• Final examination
• Licence examination
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• with integrated professional training
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• Admission with an FH degree possible
• Admission with a Bachelor's degree possible
• in english possible
• in other foreign language possible
• Collaborative dissertation (groupwork) possible
• Cumulative possible

Studying and earning a doctorate in Germany

If you are interested in doing a degree, we can give you all the latest information about the courses offered by German higher education institutions – from undergraduate level through to doctoral studies. The information you’ll find here is first hand, because all the details in the Higher Education Compass are entered and updated by the higher education institutions themselves. For more help choosing your course, why not use our course of study interest test (SIT), or the Studienplatzbörse, the German clearing system for study places.

Degree Programmes

The most comprehensive Information on degree programmes offered by German higher education institutions. In addition to a database, you will find useful information about all aspects of studying.

Doctoral Studies

Are you looking for opportunities to complete a doctorate at a higher education institution in Germany? We've got comprehensive search options, along with guidance and tips for your search.

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The HRK Research Map allows you to search for German universities by the key research areas the institution is best known for.

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PhD in Germany [Complete Guide]

Few achievements in life match the feeling of being awarded a PhD. Doctorates represent the pinnacle of academic achievement, and require years of diligent study.

The rewards, however, are great. Not only does a Ph.D. give you bragging rights at cocktail parties, but it also provides excellent job prospects and earning potential. But what if you want to study for a PhD outside of your home country?

Germany is an increasingly popular destination for international students, offering high-quality education and research facilities at a fraction of the cost of studying in the US or UK. Germany offers and takes research extremely seriously, and is one of the world's most popular places to study for a PhD or higher education.

But what kinds of PhDs are available, how much do they cost, and how do students apply? Let's find out.

General information

Germany is widely seen as one of the best places to apply for a PhD worldwide

The country offers excellent education and research facilities as well as competitive funding opportunities for doctoral students.

There are different types of Ph.D. programs in Germany. That's no surprise, as   Germany invented the elite academic qualification in the 19th century . German PhDs cover subjects as diverse as history, linguistics, and philosophy, or chemistry, molecular biology, earth sciences, and computer science. Most lower level degree subjects can be extended to PhD level if the student desires.

How can I get a PhD in Germany?

There are   two main ways   to complete a PhD in Germany. Most commonly,   students form a working relationship with a specific   Doktorvater   or   Doktormutter   (or "supervisor" in English). They then work on a tightly focused research task for the duration of their studies.   The fruits of their university research are then presented as a "Doctorate" ( Doktorarbeit ), which tends to resemble a medium-length book.

In some cases,   "Structured" PHDs are available . These resemble taught Masters degrees, but still have a strong research element. They may also focus on work placements.

How long does it take to get a PhD in Germany?

Generally speaking,   a standard research-oriented German doctorate can be obtained within 4-6 years . This depends on the speed of work and personal factors such as having children.   Structured doctorates can often be completed in just 3 years , but this varies from course to course.

International PhD Programs

Germany welcomes international students to study at PhD level

Many programs offer specialist assistance and course structures for overseas students.

DAAD   (the German Academic Exchange Service) brings together   grants for international students at leading German universities . It's the best place to start   hunting for scholarships to help fund your studies .

Is a PhD in Germany free?

PhDs at German universities are usually available free of charge for international students , but   living costs   aren't covered. However, scholarships can cover (most) living costs.   DAAD grants will average around €1,200 per month , and additional funding sources may be available.

A group of prominent universities has also created a funding scheme   called   StipendumPlus , which also distributes grants. Between them, finding financial help should be possible.

Do PhD students get paid in Germany?

It's not routine for international students to be paid for their work , but it is definitely possible to find paid research posts. Enquire with your supervisor, and you may find that paid jobs are available to supplement your income.

How to find your PhD Position

Finding the right PhD is essential

It's   a huge investment of both finances and time , and could change the course of your life. So here are some useful tips to remember.

Take time to find a   supervisor   you want to work with.   Balance their academic record with the resources of the university, and have a chat with them   if possible. You need to be able to work with them on a daily basis.

• Searching for doctorate programs has been made much easier by databases like   DAAD . Use them to assess every option.
• Consult   university rankings   to avoid poor-quality teaching.
• Check for services like career advice and travel grants. As a PhD researcher, you may need to travel worldwide, and this can be expensive.
• Ask about work opportunities as well. Research posts at your university are the best way to add some extra income, while gaining relevant experience.

Requirements and Application

Before you can commence doctorate studies in Germany, you'll need to complete an application process

If you want to study a traditional PhD,   applications must be carried out via your prospective supervisor .

When   you contact   the supervisor   and they   agree to work with you, they will forward your request to the relevant faculty . The department will then request:

• A statement from your supervisor
• Proof of your academic qualification 
• 1-2 academic references
• Proof of   language proficiency
• A valid   student visa   and   health insurance

Structured PhDs don't require students to go through a supervisor.   In those cases, applications are made via the faculty, and will usually be carried out via online portals.

To study a PhD, requirements generally demand a Masters degree   (8 semesters of university education), as well as English and German proficiency to a high level.

IELTS English certificates , and   TestDaf German courses   are advisable for all doctoral candidates, even if they have studied those languages in the past.

PhDs are a huge investment of both finances and time, so it's important to do your research before choosing a supervisor and program. Make sure to consult university rankings and databases like DAAD when making your decision. Once you've been accepted into a program, make sure to apply for scholarships and grants to help cover your living costs.

Finally, remember to ask about work opportunities as well – research posts are a great way to gain relevant experience and supplement your income.

Find Your Perfect Match 

Search by city, major, or field of study and find your dream study program in Germany.

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Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Phd studies, enrollment office for phd students.

• Office location:

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Referat Studierendenservice Unter den Linden 6 10117 Berlin

• Contact person:

Ms. Olga Vorobyeva

• E-mail: [email protected] *

Consultation hour by phone Wednesday 09:00 - 10:00 a.m. Phone: (+49) 30 2093-70330

*If you are already enrolled or registered at HU Berlin, please submit your full name, your enrollment or registration number, your date and place of birth.

If you are not aiming for a degree at HU and only want to complete a few semesters as part of your guest/research stay at HU , you cannot apply for enrollment at the enrollment office. Please contact the International Office with your questions regarding the enrollment process: [email protected]

I. Beginning your doctoral studies: Admission, enrollment and registration

Please find general information for doctoral candidates at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU Berlin) on our Doctoral Candidates Portal .

Please contact the PhD office of the faculty at which you would like to do your doctorate. Notice that there are no fixed deadlines for applying as a doctoral candidate. You get all necessary information on the application procedure directly there. Please find corresponding contact details on the websites of the faculties .

Please submit your application for admission exclusively to the PhD office at the faculty of your choice. Your application must contain all specified documents. Please note, if you have a non German university degree, your documents will be checked for equivalence with the German education system before the application procedure. Any coordination that may be necessary for this process is carried out between the faculty’s PhD office and the department for student services internally. We kindly ask you, do not send any documents to the enrollment office for doctoral studies before you received your admission by the faculty of your choice.

Please submit the enrollment form for PhD studies [ PDF ] and all the required documents as soon as possible, but no later than four weeks after you received the letter of admission from your faculty. If you are employed at HU and prefer to be only registered, please choose the registration-form for a doctorate [ PDF ]. Please send the filled out and signed form with all required documents to the following address

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Referat Studierendenservice Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin

or drop them into the mailbox at the Student Service Center (SSC) in the main building of  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10117 Berlin (Opening hours: Mon - Fri, 8 a.m. - 7 p.m.).

To keep the four-week deadline for enrollment/registration it is sufficient to submit the documents during this period to the enrollment office for PhD students.

Enrollment forms submitted digitally (e.g. as e-mail attachments) cannot be accepted for your enrollment.

You can only enroll for PhD studies after you have received your formal admission in a doctoral-study-program from the PhD office/PhD board of your faculty.

Enrolled doctoral candidates do have a student status and receive a student card (Campus-Card) but cannot receive the semester ticket for public transport. Enrolled PhD students have to pay the semester fees. Enrollment as a doctoral candidate is not contingent upon employment as a staff member at the HU Berlin.

However, if you are employed at HU, you have two options:

Either you enroll or you register for PhD studies. Registration is only possible as long as you are an employee/staff member at the HU Berlin. In case of registration, no fees or contributions have to be paid. But you do not have a status of a student at HU Berlin and cannot receive a Campus Card.

Differences between enrollment and registration for PhD studies

Please enroll for PhD studies within four weeks after receiving the letter of admission from your faculty and submit the following documents:

- the completed and signed enrollment form [ PDF ] incl. details on your educational biography,

- a simple copy of your admission letter from the PhD board,

- the payment confirmation of the semester fee (e.g. a simple copy of the bank transfer). You will find detailed information about the amount of semester fee which has to be paid for your enrollment below under "How much semester fee do I have to pay to be enrolled for PhD studies?".

- a simple copy of the de-registration certificate from your last German university (does not apply if you have never been enrolled at a university in Germany),

- a simple copy of your university entrance qualification (in most cases the secondary school certificate and/or university entrance examination),

- simple copies of your previous university degree certificates (German and/or foreign certificates),

- proof of a scholarship (if applicable).

How much semester fee do I have to pay to be enrolled for PhD studies?

Enrollment for the summer semester 2024 (01.04.2024 – 30.09.2024)

In the summer semester 2024, PhD students are not entitled to use the Deutschlandsemesterticket.

When enrolling from the beginning of the re-registration period for the winter semester 2024/25 (in the months of June, July, August and September 2024), we ask you to transfer the semester fee for the winter semester 2024/25.

Enrollment for the winter semester 2024/25 (01.10.2024 - 31.03.2025)

With the new Deutschlandsemesterticket contract, which was negotiated between the student body of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, represented by the Referent_innenrat (legally AStA), and the transport companies and comes into force on October 1st, 2024, the purchase of the Deutschlandsemesterticket is mandatory for PhD students.

Exemption from the enrollment fee (currently €50)

PhD students who receive a scholarship (e.g. from the DAAD) as part of funding programs that are financed exclusively or predominantly from public funds from the federal or state governments and who submit a proof of this for enrollment can be exempted from the fee for enrollment and re-registration, currently 50 € per semester, in accordance with Section 2 Paragraph 7 of the BerlHG ( § 2 Abs. 7 BerlHG ).

Please find detailed information about the composition of semester fees and contributions here:

https://hu.berlin/rueckmeldung

If you are employed at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and have chosen to register as a PhD student, please submit the following documents within four weeks after receiving the letter of admission from your faculty:

- the completed and signed application registration-form for PhD studies incl. details on your educational biography [ PDF ],

- a proof of employment at HU which contains the begin-date and the end-date of your employment (e.g. a copy of your employment contract),

- simple copies of your previous university degree certificates (either German and/or foreign certificates).

Please note that the enrollment office will not send you a confirmation that your documents have been received . The application deadline is met if your documents for enrollment or registration have reached the enrollment office within one month after your admission for PhD studies.

After we have received your documents, we will check them carefully. If any documents are missing, you will be informed by email or via mail and we will give you a deadline for submitting the missing evidence.

If you submitted all the required documents in full, you will receive a confirmation of completed enrollment/registration by e-mail. In addition, we will provide you with further information (in case of enrollment: e.g. how to create the Campus Card (student ID) or to activate the student HU account).

Please note that the processing of your application for enrollment or registration for PhD studies usually takes at least two weeks after the enrollment office has received all the required documents. Before the start of the semester or shortly after the semester start, there may be longer processing times.

II. During PhD studies: Re-registration, semester fees and semester ticket

Yes, re-registration for the next semester is mandatory. In order to retain your status as a doctoral student and to be able to complete your PhD studies, you must re-register within the re-registration period. Please note the information on the main deadlines for re-registration in your AGNES account and on our website for re-registration .

If you have appropriate reasons, you can apply for a leave of absence as a PhD student by using our application form [ PDF ]. For further information please visit our website .

However, the leave of absence has no influence on the standard processing time of your doctoral studies and your processing time will not be automatically extended for the duration of your leave of absence.

Please complete the extension form ("Bescheinigung über die Verlängerung der Regelbearbeitungszeit der Promotion" [ PDF ]) and have it signed by your PhD supervisor. Then send the signed form to the PhD office of your faculty. Please note that the PhD office may need additional documents from you. Contact the office for more information and procedure details.

If your request has been approved by the faculty’s PhD board, the PhD office will forward the signed form to the enrollment office for doctoral studies.

As a registration for PhD studies is only possible for the duration of your employment at the HU Berlin, you have to enroll as a PhD student after your employment relationship has expired. Please submit the application form for enrollment for PhD studies to the enrollment office. In addition, please submit a proof of payment of the semester fee and an informal letter in which you inform us that you are currently registered for doctoral studies.

The amount of the semester fee depends on the date on which you apply to enroll for your doctorate.

If you apply for enrollment after the first month of the semester, the semester ticket fee only has to be paid pro rata from the month of enrollment.

If you enroll in the last three months of the semester (July - September and January - March), we ask you to transfer the semester fee for the enrollment semester as well as the re-registration fee for the following semester.

Please try to re-activate your HU account for students via our Computer and Media Service (CMS) to solve this issue. If this is not possible, please contact the enrollment office for generating a new PIN letter for re-activating your HU account for students.

Please note that a new PIN can only provided via a PIN letter send to you by mail.

III. Finishing your doctoral studies, de-registration

If you do not re-register for the upcoming semester, .e.g. not paying the required semester fee, you will be automatically de-registered (“Exmatrikulation”). If you would like to be de-registered before the end of the semester, please submit the application for de-registration [ PDF ] to the enrollment office for doctoral studies.

Please contact the PhD office of your faculty and clarify whether the enrollment is necessary to defend your thesis and proceed accordingly. If the regular processing time for your doctorate has expired, and you have submitted your thesis and you need to be enrolled in the upcoming semester, ask the PhD office to inform the enrollment office about this. After the enrollment office has received the confirmation from the PhD office and your payment of the semester fee has been received, we will re-register you.

IV. Legal bases

Fächerübergreifende Satzung zur Regelung von Zulassung, Studium und Prüfung der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (ZSP-HU)

Sections 59 and 60 regulate form, procedure and conditions of enrollment and registration as a doctoral student at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

V. Additional information

Doctoral regulations of the faculties

https://hu.berlin/promord

Humboldt Graduate School

https://www.humboldt-graduate-school.de

International Scholar Services

https://hu.berlin/issprom

Financing the PhD studies

https://hu.berlin/promfinanz

https://www.daad.de

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• Study for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding & Opportunities
• International

When considering a  PhD in Germany , you’ll encounter a diverse and globally recognised academic environment rich in opportunities for research and academic growth. To apply, you’ll typically need a Master’s degree or equivalent , and language requirements vary by program. Germany offers internationally-oriented  structured PhD programs , which last three years and include compulsory units for ECTS credits. You’ll work closely with a PhD supervisor and research training group. As an international candidate, you’ll find various  scholarships and grants  to support your studies. With tuition fees waived at  public universities  and diverse PhD programs often taught in English, Germany provides an ideal destination to study abroad.

Key Takeaways

• Applying for a PhD in Germany requires a minimum of eight semesters of academic study, usually a Master’s degree or equivalent.
• Language prerequisites for PhD programs in Germany vary, but many are taught in English, especially structured programs.
• Financial support options include DAAD grants, stipendiums, and research positions at universities, which cover living expenses and provide income.
• Structured PhD programs in Germany last typically three years and involve compulsory units for ECTS credits.
• International students without a Master’s degree may be admitted with a Bachelor’s degree in exceptional cases.

Why Undertake a PhD in Germany?

Germany offers many compelling reasons to pursue a PhD:

• High-quality research and education : German universities and research institutions have an outstanding reputation globally, providing access to cutting-edge research facilities and expertise across various disciplines.
• No tuition fees : Most public universities in Germany do not charge tuition fees for PhD students, regardless of nationality, making it an affordable option for international students.
• Excellent funding opportunities : There are numerous scholarships and funding programs available for PhD students in Germany. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) alone supports over 4,000 international doctoral students annually.
• Strong industry connections : Germany has a robust research ecosystem with close ties between academia and industry. Many PhD programs offer collaborations with companies, providing valuable experience and potential career opportunities.
• International environment : German universities welcome international researchers, creating a diverse and multicultural academic community. PhD theses and dissertations can often be written in English.
• Career prospects : A German PhD is highly respected globally and can lead to excellent career opportunities in academia, international research institutions, or industry. Many PhD graduates find employment in Germany’s thriving industrial sector, making it a favourable place to work in Germany post-study.
• Work-life balance : PhD students in Germany typically receive employment contracts with benefits such as health insurance, pension contributions, and vacation days.
• Research freedom : Germany values academic freedom highly, with constitutional protection for research and scientific pursuits.
• European mobility : As a PhD student in Germany, you can easily travel to other European Union countries for research or study purposes.
• Cultural experience : Germany offers a rich cultural landscape, high quality of life, and relatively moderate living costs compared to other developed countries.

In short, Germany provides an ideal environment for pursuing a PhD, combining academic excellence, affordability, strong funding support, and promising career prospects in both academia and industry.

What is it like to study and live in Germany as a research student?

Academic environment.

The research culture in Germany places a strong emphasis on independent research and critical thinking, with high expectations for original contributions to your field. Students regularly participate in seminars and colloquia to present and discuss their ongoing research. Supervision tends to be less structured than in some other countries, with regular meetings with supervisors but an expectation that students will take significant initiative in their work. Being part of a research group often offers additional opportunities for collaboration.

German universities are well-equipped with extensive digital resources and state-of-the-art laboratories. Students also have numerous opportunities to attend and present at international conferences. While many PhD programs, especially in STEM fields, are conducted in English, learning German can greatly enhance your overall experience and career prospects.

Day-to-Day Life

Germany is known for valuing a healthy work-life balance. PhD students typically work 38-40 hours per week and enjoy generous vacation time, usually around 30 days per year. Most PhD students live in shared apartments (WGs) or student dormitories, with rent in major cities ranging from €300 to €800 per month. The country boasts excellent public transportation systems, and many students use bicycles for daily commuting. Often, a student ID includes a public transport ticket for the local area.

The social life for students in Germany is vibrant, with active student communities organising regular events and activities. There are numerous opportunities to join sports clubs, cultural groups, and student organisations, along with international student networks that offer support and socialising opportunities.

Financial Aspects

Many PhD positions in Germany are funded, providing a salary rather than requiring tuition payments. Typical monthly salaries range from €1,500 to €2,500 before taxes. Additional funding opportunities are available through scholarships and research grants. Average monthly expenses, including rent, range from €850 to €1,000, and health insurance, which is mandatory, costs around €80 to €100 per month. Students can also take advantage of various discounts for cultural activities and museums.

Support Services

German universities offer robust support services for abroad students. International offices assist with visa processes, accommodation, and integration, providing orientation programs and language courses. Career services offer guidance on job searching and career development, organising career fairs and networking events. Mental health support and counseling services are also available, ensuring access to quality healthcare through the German health insurance system.

Challenges and Opportunities

While navigating German bureaucracy can be challenging, patience and attention to detail can help manage administrative processes. Initial culture shock is common but typically subsides over time, offering the opportunity to experience German culture and traditions firsthand. Building an international network of researchers and professionals is a significant benefit, with potential collaborations with industry partners. The strong job market for PhD graduates, especially in STEM fields, is an added advantage, and the option to stay in Germany for job searching after graduation (with an 18-month visa extension) provides further opportunities.

The Two Paths to a PhD in Germany

In Germany, doctoral candidates can choose between Individual Doctorates and Structured PhD Programs. The Individual Doctorate remains the most common path, chosen by over 75% of doctoral students, while Structured PhD Programs are gaining popularity, especially among international students, with about 25% opting for this route.

Individual Doctorates: Flexibility and Independence

Supervision and Structure : Individual Doctorates are characterised by their flexibility and self-directed nature. Candidates are supervised by a single professor, known as the Doktorvater or Doktormutter, and the research process is highly flexible. This approach demands a high degree of personal initiative and responsibility, with no fixed curriculum or mandatory coursework.

Research Focus and Duration : In this model, candidates often propose their own research topics, enjoying greater freedom in choosing their research direction and methodology. The duration of an Individual Doctorate typically spans 5-6 years, though there’s no strict timeframe as it depends on individual progress and the specific research project.

Funding and Employment : Individual Doctorate candidates often work as part-time research associates at universities. However, they may need to secure their own funding or scholarships, which requires proactive effort on the part of the doctoral student.

Structured PhD Programs: Guidance and Collaborative Learning

Supervision and Structure : Structured PhD Programs offer a more defined approach to doctoral studies. Candidates are supervised by a team of advisors and follow a predefined curriculum. This model includes regular progress checks, guidance, and mandatory coursework, seminars, and colloquia.

Research Focus and Duration : Research topics in Structured PhD Programs often align with existing program themes or research groups, and candidates may be part of larger research projects or collaborations. These programs are usually completed in 3-4 years, following a more defined timeline due to their structured nature.

Funding and Additional Benefits : Structured PhD Programs often come with funding or stipends and may offer more opportunities for paid doctoral positions. They also provide training in academic and scientific methods, as well as opportunities to develop soft skills such as presentation techniques.

Comparing the Two Approaches

International Orientation : While Individual Doctorates can be conducted in German or other languages depending on the field and supervisor, Structured PhD Programs often have a strong international orientation and frequently use English as the primary language.

Networking and Collaboration : Structured PhD Programs offer extensive opportunities to broaden research networks and encourage collaboration with peers and interdisciplinary work. In contrast, networking in Individual Doctorates depends largely on individual initiative, with fewer built-in opportunities for peer collaboration.

Entry Requirements for undertaking a PhD in Germany

The entry requirements for undertaking a PhD in Germany are generally similar for both home and international students, with some additional steps for international applicants.

Here are the specific requirements:

General Requirements for All Applicants

• A master’s degree or equivalent (e.g., German Staatsexamen) in a relevant field
• Strong academic record, typically with a GPA of 3.0 or higher
• Research Proposal : A detailed outline of your intended research topic , objectives, methodology, and significance
• Curriculum Vitae (CV) : Highlighting academic achievements, research experience, publications, and relevant qualifications
• Statement of Purpose : Explaining your motivation for pursuing a PhD , academic goals, and how the program aligns with your objectives
• Academic References : Letters of recommendation or contact information for professors/advisors who can attest to your academic abilities
• Master’s Thesis : A copy of your master’s thesis or equivalent research work
• For German-taught programs: TestDaF or DSH certificates
• For English-taught programs: TOEFL or IELTS scores
• Interview : Many programs include an interview stage

Additional Requirements for International Students

• Qualification Recognition : Ensure your foreign degree is recognised in Germany. You may need to submit your credentials to uni-assist for evaluation
• Visa Application : Apply for a student visa at the German embassy in your home country
• Health Insurance : Obtain valid health insurance coverage for Germany
• Residence Permit : Apply for a residence permit for study upon arrival in Germany

Application process for applying to a PhD in Germany

The application process for a PhD degree in Germany can vary depending on whether you’re pursuing an individual doctorate or a structured PhD program, and whether you’re a home or international student.

Here are the key steps and requirements:

General Application Process

• Choose your path : Decide between an individual doctorate (traditional route) or a structured PhD program.
• A master’s degree or equivalent in a relevant field
• Strong academic record (typically a GPA of 3.0 or higher)
• Proficiency in English and/or German, depending on the program
• For individual doctorates, contact potential supervisors directly
• For structured programs, search for openings at universities or research institutions
• Curriculum vitae (CV)
• Copy of your master’s degree certificate
• Master’s thesis (or a copy)
• Research proposal
• Statement of purpose
• Academic references
• Language proficiency certificates (e.g., TestDaF, DSH for German; TOEFL, IELTS for English)
• Follow the specific guidelines of the university or program
• Applications may be submitted online or by post
• Many programs, especially structured ones, include an interview stage
• This may be in person or via video conference

Considerations for International Students

International students face some additional steps and requirements:

• Qualification recognition : Ensure your foreign degree is recognised in Germany. You may need to submit your credentials to uni-assist for evaluation.
• Provide proof of German proficiency (TestDaF or DSH) for German-taught programs
• For English-taught programs, submit TOEFL or IELTS scores
• Apply for a student visa at the German embassy in your home country
• You’ll need an admission letter from a German university
• Health insurance : Obtain valid health insurance coverage for Germany
• Residence permit : Apply for a residence permit for study purposes upon arrival in Germany. This typically lasts for two years and is extendable.

Application Process for Structured PhD Programs

Structured programs often have a more formalised application process:

• Check for specific application deadlines, which may occur once or twice a year
• Submit initial application materials online
• Visits to the institution
• Meetings with potential supervisors and current students
• A short presentation of your previous research
• A panel interview

Application Process for Individual Doctorates

For individual doctorates, the process is more flexible:

• Identify a potential supervisor whose research aligns with your interests
• Contact the professor directly with a brief inquiry
• If the professor expresses interest, submit a full application including your research proposal
• The professor may invite you for an interview or further discussion
• If accepted, you’ll need to formally enroll at the university

Remember that the specific requirements and processes can vary between universities and programs. Always check the official website of the institution you’re applying to for the most up-to-date and accurate information.

Typical Cost of a PhD in Germany

The costs of pursuing a PhD in Germany are generally similar for both home and international students, with a few key differences:

Tuition Fees

• Most public universities in Germany charge no tuition fees for PhD students, regardless of nationality
• There is a small semester contribution (administrative fee) of up to €300 per semester for all students, which typically covers student services and public transport

Living Costs

• The average annual living costs in Germany range from €10,200 to €12,000
• This includes rent, food, health insurance, and other daily expenses
• Costs can be higher in major cities like Munich or Berlin

Breakdown of Monthly Expenses (approximate)

• Rent: €280-€400 (shared flat or student residence)
• Health insurance: €80-€100
• Public transport: Often included in semester contribution
• Other expenses (phone, internet, leisure): €100-€200

Visa for International Students

• Non-EU students must prove they have access to about €11,208 per year (€934 per month) to cover living costs as part of their visa application.
• Visa application fee: approximately €75

Health Insurance

• Mandatory for all students, including PhD candidates
• Costs around €80-€100 per month
• EU students may be covered by their home country’s insurance through agreements

Additional Costs

• Research-related expenses (e.g., conference attendance, materials) are often covered by the research group or university
• Language courses (if needed): €200-€500 per course

In short, the main costs for PhD students in Germany are living expenses, as tuition is generally free. The overall experience is affordable compared to many other countries, especially considering the lack of tuition fees. International students should factor in additional costs for visa applications and potentially language courses. However, with many funded positions available, pursuing a PhD in Germany can be financially viable for both home and international students.

Funding Sources for PhD students in Germany

Many PhD positions in Germany are funded, offering a salary (of typically €1,500-€2,500 per month before taxes) rather than requiring payment of fees.

The main funding sources and opportunities for PhD students in Germany include:

• Doctoral Programmes in Germany: Supports international PhD students to complete their doctoral degree at a German university or research institution. Provides monthly payments of 1,300 euros, health insurance, travel allowance, and annual research allowance.
• One-Year Grants: For international doctoral candidates to carry out research as part of a doctoral project for up to one year.
• Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees/Cotutelle: Supports doctoral degrees at the student’s home university with integrated research phases in Germany.
• Research Training Groups: Established by universities to promote early career researchers. Funded for up to 9 years, providing structured training and qualification programs.
• Collaborative Research Centres: Offer opportunities for PhD students to pursue research across disciplines and institutions.
• Individual Doctoral Projects at Max Planck Institutes
• International Max Planck Research Schools ( IMPRS ): Structured PhD programs at 68 locations
• Max Planck Schools: Joint graduate programs in specific interdisciplinary fields
• Individual Doctoral Projects at Leibniz Institutes
• Leibniz Graduate Schools and Leibniz ScienceCampi: Structured doctoral programs
• Individual Doctoral Projects at Fraunhofer Institutes: Opportunity to complete a doctorate while working on cutting-edge technology projects
• DLR-DAAD Research Fellowships: For PhD students in fields like space, aeronautics, energy, and transport
• PhD Fellowships: For early career researchers in basic biomedical research
• Travel Grants: For PhD students and postdoctoral researchers
• Marie Skłodowska-Curie Doctoral Networks: Structured doctoral training within European institution networks
• ERA Fellowships – Green Hydrogen: Funding for research projects in green hydrogen
• Green Talents: Competition winners can complete a research stay at a German institution
• Munich Aerospace PhD Scholarships: For research in aerospace-related fields
• Many PhD positions are offered directly by universities and research institutes, often tied to specific research projects or programs
• These typically provide a salary (often around 1,500-2,500 euros per month before taxes) rather than requiring payment of fees

Top Universities in Germany for PhD study

As of 2024, the top universities in Germany for PhD study in STEM subjects include:

Technical University of Munich (TUM)

• Ranked as the best university in Germany for engineering and technology
• Offers structured PhD programs through the TUM Graduate School
• Known for excellence in research and strong industry connections
• Provides interdisciplinary training and professional skills development for doctoral candidates

Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin)

• Ranked 2nd in Germany for engineering and technology
• Offers doctorates across various STEM fields through its Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
• Provides structured support for international doctoral candidates
• Known for interdisciplinary research and collaboration

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

• Ranked 3rd in Germany for engineering and technology
• Strong focus on energy, mobility, and information technologies
• Offers both individual and structured doctoral programs
• Emphasises international collaboration and industry partnerships

RWTH Aachen University

• Ranked 4th in Germany for engineering and technology
• Considers doctoral studies as the first part of professional practice, with an application-oriented focus
• Offers both individual doctorates and structured PhD programs
• Strong emphasis on industry partnerships and applied research

Technical University of Dresden

• Ranked 5th in Germany for engineering and technology
• Known for its research in microelectronics, materials science, and bioengineering
• Offers structured PhD programs and graduate schools
• Strong focus on interdisciplinary research and innovation

When choosing a university for PhD study, prospective students should consider factors such as:

• Specific research areas and expertise of potential supervisors
• Availability of funding or paid positions (many PhD students in Germany work as research assistants)
• Language requirements (some programs require German proficiency, while others are conducted in English)
• Opportunities for international collaboration and research stays abroad
• Post-graduation career prospects and industry connections

Prospective PhD candidates should thoroughly research potential supervisors and reach out to them directly to discuss research opportunities before applying to a program.

Your journey to  PhD study  in Germany awaits. With its exceptional research landscape, structured programs taught in English, and excellent  funding opportunities , Germany offers a unique experience for international students.

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Universities of Applied Sciences and the Doctorate degree (Dr.) in Germany

I graduated from a university of applied sciences. can i even pursue a ph.d., getting guidance and information on your academic career.

2780 Study programs

When you inform yourself on the German higher education landscape, you will quickly learn that there are three types of universities :

• The traditional research-oriented Universities (German: Universität ),
• Universities of applied sciences (German: Fachhochschule/Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften ), and
• Academies for arts, music, and film (German: Kunst- , Musik- , and Filmhochschulen ).

While the latter focus on artistic training and subjects mostly, it is not always easy to distinguish between universities and universities of applied sciences (UAS). As a general rule, universities are the more traditional research-oriented institutions, whereas UAS focus on combining theoretical elements with practical applications. This university type is newer and gained an equal standing to the more traditional research-oriented universities in 1999 with the Bologna reformations.

Almost equal, we should say, because there is still one domain that remains reserved to the traditional research universities: We are talking about the right to award doctorate degrees (German: Promotionsrecht ).

*Exceptions exist in Hessia, Saxony-Anhalt & North Rhine-Westphalia.

Universities of applied sciences generally do not have the right to award doctorate degrees and therefore, largely do not offer the opportunity to pursue a Ph.D. This right has been traditionally reserved for research universities . This being said, there is an ever-increasing number of UAS graduates who do continue their education and pursue a Ph.D.

The following article gives you an overview of the options you have to pursue a doctorate degree in Germany, either after graduating with a master’s degree from a UAS or while pursuing your doctoral research in the context of a UAS.

First things first: Yes, if you graduate from a UAS in Germany with a master’s degree you qualify for doctoral studies. The master’s degree is a European degree format that indicates the graduate’s qualification to enter the job market or to obtain a Ph.D.

Therefore, a master’s degree from a UAS is equivalent to a master’s degree from a university. With a master’s degree from a UAS, you can continue your academic career at any university in Germany or abroad that does have the right to award doctorate degrees.

This brings us to your first option to pursue a Ph.D. after graduating from a UAS:

Option 1. Transfer to a university

If you started your studies at a UAS, you do have the opportunity to continue your education with a doctoral degree. Therefore, after finishing your master’s degree, you have the opportunity to continue your academic career and transfer to a traditional research university and engage in doctoral studies there. In Germany, finishing a master’s degree (of any higher education institution) with good grades is one of the main requirements to be eligible for doctoral studies.

As a general rule, there are two ways of pursuing a doctorate degree in Germany. Firstly, there are structured Ph.D. programs, which are a somewhat new development in Germany that mirrors the structured doctoral programs found in anglo-American countries. In these programs, a doctoral candidate works in close contact with other doctoral students and various supervisors under the framework of a graduate school that is part of a university.

Secondly, under the scheme of individual doctorates, doctoral candidates work more independently on their dissertation topic under the supervision of one professor. This format remains more common in Germany, and to take part in it, students need to approach a professor at a German university, win them as their supervisors and then enroll at the respective university.

Often, Ph.D. candidates fund their studies by working at a university. There are also various scholarship opportunities provided for Ph.D. students. Some of the graduate schools that host the structured Ph.D. programs even offer to fund successful applicants. The portal Research in Germany is a great start to planning your doctorate in Germany. Here, you will also find opportunities at other independent research institutions.

This being said, if you already plan on pursuing a Ph.D. after your master’s our recommendation is to primarily look for master’s degrees at universities. Here, students get more theoretical, research-oriented training which may be a good preparation for doctoral studies.

Option 2. Cooperative doctoral studies

Students who are interested in pursuing a doctorate degree in application-oriented research can do so by pursuing cooperative doctoral studies. Under this model, students join a UAS and conduct their research at a UAS under the supervision of UAS staff. On top of that, they have an additional supervisor at a research university which is able to award the doctoral degree. This model leaves you with the best of both worlds: You can obtain a doctorate degree, which is typically offered by universities only, while still conducting studies in the application-oriented sphere of a UAS.

This option is offered at UAS all throughout Germany. Cooperative doctoral studies often have supportive institutional frameworks at UAS in Germany, too. Take for example the HAW Hamburg. Although this UAS does not have the right to award doctorate degrees, it installed a Graduate Center for doctoral students who conduct their research at the HAW Hamburg in cooperation with a university. Here, doctoral students can get together, exchange ideas, and find support.

This opportunity is especially great for students who are interested in application-oriented research that is usually conducted at UAS in Germany. It also gives you the opportunity to work with the professors you got to know throughout your master’s studies at a UAS.

Option 3. Find exceptions to the rule: Study at a UAS that does award doctorate degrees

On top of that, in some German states (German: Bundesland ) some reforms have been made so that now, there is a handful of UAS in Germany that do (under certain conditions) have the right to award doctorate degrees (in certain subjects). Check out the state of the developments and learn about the three exceptions.

Exception 1. UAS in the state of Hessia

In 2016, the state of Hessia gave the right to award doctorate degrees to certain universities of applied sciences. If a Hessian UAS can prove that they have strong research performance in a certain subject, they may be granted the right to form a graduate center for doctoral studies in this subject area and award doctoral degrees this way. We translated a small portion of the Hessian legal regulations (p. 2) defining which conditions need to be fulfilled for a UAS to be allowed to award doctorate degrees in a certain subject:

“Adequate research strength in a discipline includes, on the one hand, proven research activities of those persons who are considered as supervisors (personal research strength). On the other hand, a certain minimum number of qualified scientists in this field is necessary (‘critical mass’) to provide doctoral candidates with a suitable scientific environment.”

There are currently three doctoral centers that are run in cooperation by various Hessian UAS:

• Cooperation of Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences.
• Cooperation of Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences.

Furthermore, two universities run their own doctoral centers:

• Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences - Doctoral Center Sustainability Sciences .
• Fulda University of Applied Sciences - Fulda Graduate Centre of Social Sciences with focus on Globalisation, European Integration, and Interculturality ; Public Health Zentrum Fulda . 

Exception 2. UAS in the state of Saxony-Anhalt

Since 2020, Saxony-Anhalt grants its UAS the possibility to award doctoral degrees to its students, as well. The content of this reformation is quite similar to the regulations in Hessia: UAS have the opportunity to found doctoral colleges for research areas that their respective university performs really well in. Since the regulation is brand new, these doctoral colleges have not yet been established. If you want to keep yourself up-to-date, you may check the websites of the four UAS in Saxony-Anhalt:

• Anhalt University of Applied Sciences ,
• Harz University of Applied Sciences ,
• Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences ,
• Merseburg University of Applied Sciences .

Exception 3. UAS in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia

The state of North-Rhine Westphalia decided on a slightly different approach to award a conditional right to award doctorate degrees to UAS. Here, the ministry of education as well as the 21 UAS are in the process of establishing the so-called Doctoral college for applied research at universities of applied sciences in North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Promotionskolleg für angewandte Forschung der Fachhochschulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen ). This doctoral college will, upon successful examination, have the right to independently award doctorate degrees to its students (in certain subject areas).

As of now, the predecessor to this planned Doctoral college, the Graduate institute NRW , is still in place. This institution brings together the UAS in North-Rhine Westphalia and offers UAS students to pursue doctoral studies - but in a corporate fashion where the degree is awarded by a university and not by a UAS. In the near future, this institute is to be transformed into the aforementioned independent doctoral college.

Whether or not one of the three options mentioned above is for you, pursuing a doctorate degree, is - like any other career step - challenging at times and the decision to take this step or not might not always be so easy. At the end of this article, we want to provide you with some resources that you can consult when you are in the process of making a decision on if and how you should pursue doctoral studies in the first place.

• Use your university resources: Ask a professor you know about an academic career, contact the career service center or the international office.
• Contact graduate centers and universities you are interested in: They will be able to give you more information or to connect you with someone who is currently pursuing their Ph.D. there.
• Research-in-Germany : Informational portal with relevant information on pursuing a doctorate degree.
• Fem4scholar : Mentoring program for female*, trans* and non-binary* scholars.

And, as always, you can contact us with any questions regarding the German higher education system!

Summary Box

In Germany, universities of applied sciences (UAS) do not have the right to award doctorate degrees. However, there are three options to still start doctorate studies in the context of UAS:

• Graduates with a master’s degree from a UAS can transfer to a university.
• Graduates with a master’s degree can start cooperative doctoral studies, where they have a supervisor from a UAS and from a university.
• Graduates with a master’s degree can study at a UAS in Hessia, Saxony-Anhalt, or North Rhine-Westphalia that obtained (or: will obtain) the right to award doctorate degrees.

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EU Ph.D. in Germany: Calling yourself "Dr." or "Ph.D."

My question is about using a Ph.D. title/grade from an EU University in Germany. Germany recognizes (properly obtained) Ph.D.s from other EU countries. People with an EU Ph.D. are allowed to use the abbreviation "Dr." in front of their names without mentioning the country of origin (which is AFAIK required for some other countries) or using the original version. However, reading this information letter from the Bavarian State Ministry of Sciences, Research and the Arts , section 1.3.2. (German), you are not allowed to use both together.

I'm confused about this and its exact scope. Does this mean a Ph.D. holder can't call themself "Dr. Firstname Lastname" on a business card and then list "Ph.D." together with the other titles like "M.Eng., Dipl.Ing." on a second line? Using "Firstname Lastname, Ph.D." in Germany would not have the same effect then the first form. Not mentioning the Ph.D. at all however would keep many people wondering what kind of doctor grade you have. Maybe it only means not to use "Dr. Firstname Lastname, Ph.D.", but the business card example is very close to that. Also, can "Ph.D." be used in one occasion and then "Dr." in a different one, or do you have to stick with one? Would it be ok to use "Dr." on your German business card and "Ph.D." on your English one? Even if both are on opposite sides of the same card?

• 13 I always thought "Firstname Lastname, PhD" was a very American thing to do. –  Dave Clarke Commented Jun 7, 2012 at 13:45
• 7 For those who are not aware of the background of this, the title of "Doctor" in Germany used to be a matter of law, and only German Ph.D.s got it automatically: others had to apply to get their degree legally recognized. I believe the law has changed recently, but can provide no reference. In anycase, I don't recall hearing of anyone being harrassed for being an unofficial "Doctor" at a conference or what not, but people employed by German universities and institutions were encouraged to get official approval so that their institution could officially recognize the title. –  dmckee --- ex-moderator kitten Commented Jun 7, 2012 at 14:11
• 8 @dmckee: There was a case a few years ago where an American chemist, with a Ph.D. from Cornell, was investigated by the German police for misuse of the "Doctor" title. After the ensuing uproar, the rules were changed. See spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,540459,00.html (article in English). –  Nate Eldredge Commented Jun 7, 2012 at 14:19
• Strangely the second part of 1.3.2 seems to keep Austrian medical Doctors from calling themselves Dr. (instead of Dr.med.). Only those with dissertation i.e., those having Dr. scient. med. titles can do so !? –  subsub Commented Aug 28, 2012 at 10:22
• 1 To add some more confusion with titles, I'll mention the fact that in Italy, another EU country, you can legally use the title "dottore" (doctor) after you get your bachelor . –  Federico Poloni Commented Aug 28, 2012 at 10:56

5 Answers 5

An American using "Dr." and "Ph. D." in the same title is double-counting, just as if a German were to use "Dr.rer.nat." and "Dr."

That said, if you're going to use multiple titles, you should probably be consistent and list the PhD as one of those degrees.

If I am not mistaken, you may decorate your name with "Dr. Dr." if you have two PhD degrees. Writing "Dr. Firstname Lastname, PhD" would probably also indicate two degrees, e.g. one from Germany and one from the UK.

PS: The information letter is no longer available, so I have not read that.

well, I read it as

you can either use Dr. without anything at the end (that is "translating" it to German)

you use the version which is legally correct in the country of origin (where you received the PhD). This seems to be the only viable option in terms of EU law.

Which then leave the issue how the PhD should be used in the country of origin eg the UK.

This is not really easy to answer. Because you find it in different ways: as "Dr. Xxxx" or as "Xxxx, PhD" or as "Dr Xxxx, PhD".

I couldn't find any legal document that provides any further guidance on this matter, the only thing I found is a ruling by the Advertising Standards Authority.

In this case the body ruled that the Dr Xxxx, PhD in the context of web-page with a medical content would suggest that Dr means that the person would be a medical Dr. However, as such the Advertising Standards Authority sees the usage of Dr Xxxx, PhD not as misleading. here the link: http://asa.org.uk/Rulings/Adjudications/2012/11/Dr-Alyssa-Burns_Hill/SHP_ADJ_194636.aspx#.U5R6q9qKCAU ....

And then there is the Committee of Advertising Practice which states that :"it is likely to be acceptable for advertisers who possess a relevant PhD or doctorate (of sufficient length and intensity) to call themselves “Dr” provided they use the suffix “PhD” to clarify the type of qualification they hold and that the general context does not imply they are medically qualified."

http://www.cap.org.uk/Advice-Training-on-the-rules/Advice-Online-Database/Use-of-the-term-Dr-PhD.aspx

So I think the question is whether there is any legal convention in the UK about how one should or should not use the title.

But to be honest, I doubt that something like that exists.

• 2 The question is about Germany, not the UK. I'm not sure what your answer is really saying as a result of the confusion. –  aeismail Commented Jun 8, 2014 at 16:00
• 1 @aeismail: Well, as the poster says, Germany accepts the correct way of the country of origin, therefore it makes sense to look at that country. –  Martin Scharrer Commented Jun 14, 2014 at 19:19
• @MartinScharrer: But the question is about general usage; this question devolves it to the specific case of the UK (which isn't mentioned anywhere in the original question!). –  aeismail Commented Jun 14, 2014 at 19:57

My interpretation of "gleichzeitige Führung" is that they "decorate" the same mentioning of your name. So at least in Bavaria the Dr/PhD for German/English cards should be legal even if on the same side (assuming there is no other conditions that prohibit the use of Dr), but the option with different versions of the same title in different lines would be not.

• 2 Maybe this applies to German, but in English, you wouldn't use "Dr." and "Ph.D." in the same salutation or address. –  aeismail Commented Aug 29, 2012 at 19:47

My son is Ph.D. from Technical University of Munich (TUM). He writes "Dr. Firstname Middlename Lastname"

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Ph.D. Degree

You can view the full text of the  German Degree Requirements (PDF ) online.

Course Requirements

Students entering with a B.A. Students holding a B.A. who are admitted to the Ph.D. program follow the course of study outlined for the M.A. degree (Plan II) during their first two years with respect to courses, but do not take a comprehensive examination.

Students entering with an M.A. Students who enter the Ph.D. with an M.A. must successfully complete CRI 200A + six graduate courses in the German Program. Some courses (such as GER 211, 240, 241, 242, and 297) may be repeated, provided the content is different. The approval of the graduate adviser is required. The adviser may also approve completion of 298 (Group Study) or 299 (Individual Study) in lieu of graduate seminars if the content is pertinent to the student’s course of study.

Students may also elect to pursue additional course work in a "Designated Emphases", such as Critical Theory, Feminist Theory and Research, Second Language Acquisition, or Classics and the Classical Receptions. These programs were created to accommodate interdisciplinary research interests. Students must complete all courses listed on their Ph. D. program of study before being admitted to the qualifying examination.

Admission Committee  (Graduate Matters Committee) : The Graduate Matters Committee consists of all Graduate Group faculty. Once the completed application, all supporting material, and the application fee have been received, the Department's Graduate Matters Committee reads and evaluations all applications to the Ph.D. program. This committee then makes recommendations of admission, deferral, or denial of admission to Graduate Studies, which officially acts on the applications.

Course Guidance: Until the student chooses a major professor, the student develops a study plan in close consultation with the program Graduate Adviser. For students entering with the B.A., the student chooses a faculty member during the third year to serve as a major professor. For students entering with the M.A., the student chooses a faculty member during the second year to serve as a major professor. Students with academic appointments and/or fellowships are required to enroll in no fewer than 12 units to be considered a full-time student.

Qualifying Examination Committee: The qualifying examination consists of three parts, to be taken in consecutive quarters (spring and fall are considered consecutive quarters). The examination committee will be the same for all three parts of the examination.

-- For students completing degrees with an emphasis on German Literature and Culture, the examination will be administered by four members of the Graduate Program in German and one extra-departmental examiner;

-- For students completing a degree with an emphasis on German linguistics or second-language acquisition, the examination will be administered by at least two members of the Graduate Program in German and at least one member of the Graduate Group in Linguistics, with the other two members drawn from German, Linguistics, or another appropriate Graduate Group or department.

The examination committee will include the student’s major professor, who cannot serve as its chair. The members of the examination committee are nominated, after consultation with the student, by the Graduate Adviser and are submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies for formal appointment in accordance with Graduate Council policy.  The exam committee chair will compile the exam based on committee members submitted questions.

If the student has chosen to complete a Designated Emphasis, one member of the examination committee must represent that respective area. For details on the examination, see “Section 7. Advancement to Candidacy” below.

Advising Structure and Mentoring

University Mentoring Guidelines are available  here .

Advancement to Candidacy

For students entering with the B.A., the student should have completed the requirements for the M.A. by the beginning of the third year, so that they can take their qualifying exam and advance to candidacy before the beginning of the fourth year (observing the nine-quarter rule).

Qualifying Examination requirements:  Post-B.A. students must complete their  qualifying examination prior to beginning their fourth year to remain eligible for academic appointments.

Post-M.A. students must take their qualifying examination prior to beginning their third year of study to remain eligible for academic appointments.

As mentioned above, the three parts of the qualifying examination must be completed within a period of three consecutive quarters (spring and fall are considered consecutive quarters). The three parts of the qualifying examination are as follows:

1) Part One (the “breadth section”) is a  written  examination designed to test the historical breadth of the student’s knowledge of the discipline. The student is tested on a comprehensive list of works, which is created in consultation with the candidate’s major professor.  The list is based on the “Graduate Reading List in German Literature” for literature and culture students and, for students specializing in linguistics or second-language acquisition, on the “Graduate Reading List in German Linguistics. The list will be approved by the exam chair.  This portion of the examination is administered in three parts: each part is three hours in length, with one part each administered on three consecutive days. If a student has already completed a comprehensive exam for the Master’s degree in the UCD German Department, Part One's form and contend may be varied, under the supervision of the Graduate Adviser and major professor.

2) Part Two (the "area section") is a  written  examination. In consultation with the candidate's major professor and the candidate, the chair of the examination committee creates a list of texts on which the candidate is tested. These works may concern theoretical or methodological issues relevant to the candidate's dissertation project; they may also comprise a second area of specialization. This special area portion of the qualifying examination is administered in one written examination of three hours.

3) Part Three (the “oral examination”) is an  oral  examination based on a dissertation prospectus of approximately twenty pages that the student submits to the examination committee at least one month prior to the examination. A substantial bibliography must be appended to the paper. This position paper must present the overall thesis and main line of argumentation of the student’s dissertation project and serves as the focal point of a sixty- to ninety-minute discussion of the research project between the candidate and the examination committee. The qualifying examination, or any single part thereof, may be repeated once. This means that if a student fails any single part of the exam but has passed the other parts, he/she may repeat the failed part.

Normative Time and Time to Degree

Students entering with the B.A., should have completed the requirements for the M.A. by the beginning of the third year, so that they can take their qualifying exam and advance to candidacy before the beginning of the fourth year. Those students should then complete their dissertations by the end of the fifth year.  Students entering with a B.A. may take into the sixth year for the completion of the dissertation.

Typical time line and sequence of events for Ph.D.

• 1st Quarter: Meet with adviser to plan course of study
• 1st -3rd Quarters: Take required coursework. Submit application for the DE and complete DE course work (if applicable)
• 4th – 6th Quarters: Satisfy language requirements
• 4th - 6th Quarters: Post-MA students take qualifying exam and advance to candidacy
• 9th Quarter: Post-BA students take qualifying exam and advance to candidacy
• 7th+ Quarters: Post-MA students write dissertation and complete degree
• 10th+ Quarters: Post-BA students write dissertation and complete degree

For questions about the admissions process, please visit the admissions portion of our website. For questions about degree requirements, please contact Rob Hether at (530) 754-8750 or  [email protected] . 

PhD in Germany: Universities, Fees, Application & More!

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From an aspirant to a scholar

Germany has become the most sought-after destination to pursue a PhD given the affordability, style of living and, of course, a plethora of job opportunities. To help you make an informed decision, we have curated a complete guide on PhD in Germany for international students that talks about top universities, costs, courses, student life and many more aspects! 

Why Study PhD in Germany?

Germany is popularly known for boasting a rich academic tradition and hosts several reputed universities. With renowned research institutions, efficient and top-notch education systems, along with a vibrant academic community, it offers a conducive environment for studying PhD in Germany. Here are some of the major reasons why students should consider pursuing PhD programs in Germany for international students.

1. Quality of Education

Germany has emerged as a well-reputed university that is popular globally. German universities have a long tradition of contributing to excellent research and Nobel laureates to the rest of the world. The German universities award around 5,800 doctoral degrees every year to international scholars.

2. Academic Eligibility

To get admission for PhD in Germany, it is not mandatory to have a master’s degree. Students who possess a bachelor’s degree in a relevant field can also apply for PhD programs in Germany. However, the students must have an excellent academic record.

3. Fully Funded PhD Programs

The PhD programs in Germany are fully funded by the German government. This, in turn, makes studying for a PhD in Germany free of cost.

4. Structured Programs

The PhD programs in Germany are well-structured and focused and offer a combination of coursework, research and practical experience. The PhD courses in Germany are usually 3-6 years long, depending on the specialisation.

5. Affordability

To bear the cost of living, study materials, etc, there are plenty of funding options available to support the study PhD in Germany. The most popular among them is the DAAD scholarship, which offers scholarships to 4000+ students every year.

Types of PhD in Germany

PhD in Germany is classified into two types of doctorates. After taking into consideration many aspects like qualifications, area of research, discipline, etc, students can choose which path of PhD they would like to pursue.

1. Individual Doctorate

The Individual Doctorate is the traditional path that is followed by more than three-quarters of all doctoral students in Germany. In an Individual doctorate, the research is carried out independently by the student alone under the supervision of one professor. The traditional form of PhD in Germany offers great flexibility but also demands a high percentage of initiative and responsibility. The Individual doctorate can be approximately 5-6 years long. However, the duration also depends on the student’s schedule or the work contract duration.

2. Structured PhD Programs

Distinctive to the Individual Doctorate, the researcher is supervised by a team and not just one professor. The student is also required to attend courses, lectures and seminars along with other doctoral students. Usually these structured PhD programmes are advertised publicly and also feature grants or paid doctoral programs.

Students can conduct their research at:

1. University 2. Non-University Research Institute 3. Industry

Don't let accommodation concerns distract you from pursuing your PhD dreams in Germany!

Book through amber today!

Top PhD Courses in Germany

One can choose from an array of courses and specialisations to study PhD in Germany. We have listed some of the popular ones below.

1. Agricultural Science 2. Business Administration 3. Economics 4. Law 5. Social Sciences 6. Biology 7. Philosophy

Top Universities for PhD in Germany

It is very important to finalise the university you want to pursue a PhD from. Factors like the fees, faculties, curriculums and the quality of education play a crucial role in such cases. To guide you in picking the ideal university, here is a list of universities along with the fees.

Top Non-University Research Institutes for PhD in Germany

Students can obtain a PhD in Germany by conducting their research at a non-university research institute. These institutes do not have the right to award a PhD, but they collaborate with universities for the same. The non-university research institutes offer scholarships and may also offer employment contracts, which are usually fixed-term. Here are some of the top Top Non-University Research Institutes for PhD in Germany.

1. Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 2. Helmholtz Association 3. Leibniz Association  4. Max Planck Society  

Admission Requirements and Eligibility Criteria

The admission requirements usually vary depending on the university and specialisation. However, some requirements like the German student visa , transcripts etc need to be fulfilled for admission to a majority of universities. 

1. German Proficiency Proof: TestDaf Level 4 2. English Proficiency Proof: IELTS 7.0 (6.5 in each band), TOEFL-iBT score between 80-100 3. GPA of 2.5 or an overall grade of B+ 4. German Student Visa 5. Overall GRE score of 160 or more  6. A degree(Diploma, Magister or Master’s) from a recognised university with an above-average aggregate score.

Application Process

For Structured PhD: The student must apply directly to the faculty and the process will be carried out through online portals.

For Traditional PhD: The applicant has to reach out to the prospective supervisor. When the supervisor agrees to work with you, they will proceed with your request to the relevant faculty. After this, the department will request a few documents that we have mentioned below.

Documents Required

The students are required to submit a few documents while registration. Make sure to keep all of the documents mentioned ready while applying for a PhD in Germany.

1. Certified copies of official transcripts 2. A letter of motivation and 2 letters of recommendation 3. English/German proficiency certificates 4. An updated resume 5. Copy of the applicant’s identification document

PhD Scholarships in Germany 

Even if the PhD programs in Germany are fully funded, there are still a few costs that the students are required to pay. This is why it is advisable to look for scholarships in Germany which provide financial assistance! Here are some of the top scholarships for PhD in Germany for international students, along with the award amount.

1. TUM GS Bridge Financing Grant: €1,000/month + €150 for child and family support. 2. Heinrich Boll Scholarship: €934 3. Central Sector Scheme of National Overseas Scholarship: €30,000 4. University of Goettingen Funding: €1,100 - €1,400 or employment contract 5. DAAD Scholarships: €1,200/month 6. Deutschland Stipendium National Scholarship Programme: €300 7. Universität Hamburg Merit Scholarships: €1,000/month  8. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Scholarships: €1,200/month 

To increase your chances of winning the scholarship, take a look at the ultimate guide to writing a cover letter ! 

Cost of Living

Germany offers an affordable cost of living compared to other countries. Living alone comes with its share of challenges, and managing finances is one of the most challenging factors. In such cases, planning a monthly budget of €1,200 - €1,700/month will be of great help. Here are some of the estimates to help you plan the month.

1. Rent: €625 - €1,700/month 2. Public Transport: €60 - €80/month 3. Groceries: €150 - €170/month 4. Gas & Electricity: €200 - €250/month 5. Phone & Internet: €30 - €35/month 6. Entertainment: €10 - €15/month

Career Prospects & Average Salary for PhD Graduates

After completing the PhD in Germany, the students are exposed to the job market. The salaries the students might earn are dependent on several aspects like job position, the applicant’s skills, experience and industry. Here is a brief list of some job profiles that are offered to PhD graduates in Germany, along with their average annual salaries. Some of these are the highest-paying jobs in Germany for international students !

Pursuing a PhD in Germany for international students opens doors to golden opportunities that allow students to upskill and bag an average salary that ranges from €60,000 - €75,000 per year. The PhD programs in Germany offer expertise in writing thesis and research papers and also train students to conduct deep-rooted research. The German culture , affordability, exposure to the job market and the high quality of education compel students to pursue a doctorate in Germany. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Which job profiles can i apply for after pursuing a phd in germany, where can i conduct research to pursue a phd in germany, which are the most popular phd courses in germany for international students, are there any phd scholarships in germany, what is the duration for a phd in germany.

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Study at a German University: Guide for International Students

Last updated on  June 30, 2024

Germany is the second most attractive destination (after the UK) for international students wishing to obtain a university degree in Europe. German universities are renowned for combining studies with scientific research and are a steady source of innovations and patents. High international rankings of many German universities, free tuition, relatively low cost of living in Germany, reasonable funding opportunities including generous scholarship programmes and promising employment prospects after graduation are among the most compelling reasons that convinced 458 thousand international students to enrol at German universities in the academic year 2022-23 (preliminary numbers for 2023-24 are even higher).

If you wish to join the ranks of hundreds of thousands international university students in Germany, this one-page guide is for you. It has been compiled to help international applicants for university study in Germany answer all their most common questions regarding admission requirements, application and visa procedures, choice of study programmes, funding options and general opportunities to study at German universities. Read on to learn more.

• Why Study in Germany
• Who Can Study at a German University?
• Language Requirements to Study in Germany
• University Entrance Entitlement
• Aptitude Test
• Requirements for Graduate/Post-Graduate Studies in Germany
• Finding Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Programmes in Germany
• Finding a Ph.D. Programme in Germany
• No Admission Restriction
• Local Admission Restriction
• Central Admission Restriction
• Applying through Uni-Assist
• Application Deadlines
• Applying for a Ph.D. Programme
• Documents Needed for Visa Application
• Documents Needed for Residence Permit
• Health Insurance
• Scholarships for International Students
• Working while Studying in Germany
• Finding Work in Germany after Graduation
• Summary of Steps for Applying to Study in Germany

1. Why Study in Germany

• Tuition-free education at some of the highest-ranked universities in the world
• Access to cutting-edge technology and world-class research facilities in the universities-owned research centres
• More than 15,000 different study courses to choose from
• Hands-on education as many German universities have close links to the industry
• Truly international environment as all German universities accept foreign students and offer study programmes in English
• Opportunity to learn German and improve your English while studying in Germany but there is no need to learn German if you do not want to
• Excellent reputation and worldwide acceptance of German university degrees
• Reasonable cost of living for university students in Germany
• Good funding options including scholarships for international students
• No age limit for students in Master’s and PhD programmes in Germany
• Possibility to work while studying in Germany
• Endless opportunities to find a job and stay in Germany after graduation

2. Who Can Study at a German University?

Citizens of any country can pursue a university degree in Germany. Some will have it initially easier than others, though. EU and EFTA (European Union and European Free Trade Association) nationals do not need a visa or a residence permit to stay or study in Germany but they will have to register with local authorities (Einwohnermeldeamt) in their town like anyone else living in Germany. Likewise, citizens of many countries outside of the European Economic Area (EU + EFTA) do not need a visa to travel to Germany but they need a residence permit to study in Germany. Once admitted to the university, they can apply for a residence permit within 3 months of their entry to Germany. However, citizens from countries that need a visa to enter Germany will have to apply for a study applicant’s visa before their arrival in Germany. Once accepted to the university, this type of visa can be converted into a residence permit for study purposes.

3. Requirements to Study at a German University

Universities in Germany are autonomous and, therefore, in order to find out about exact admission requirements you will need to contact their Akademisches Auslandsamt (AAA) or International Office in English. Higher Education Compass (Hochschulkompass) will help you find contact details for the International Office at any university in Germany. The International Office staff will not only inform you about requirements, admission restrictions (numerus clausus) and application deadlines but also about applicable fees and available degree programmes. There is absolutely no discrimination, so anyone wishing to study in Germany at the university will have to meet the same admission criteria of that university.

3.1. Language Requirements to Study in Germany

Generally, many universities offer international study programmes taught in English and for these programmes German proficiency is not required. However, students coming from non-German speaking countries will need to provide proof of German language proficiency if they wish to pursue programmes taught in German. Most likely they will have to pass one of the two tests – Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang ausländischer Studienbewerber (DSH) or Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache (TestDaF). Please refer to this article for more information on language examinations for international students.

3.2. University Entrance Entitlement

An appropriate school qualification is no less important than language competency. Your school qualifications will be reviewed by the International Office staff to ensure Hochschulzugangsberechtigung (or university entrance entitlement in English). That is, for a Bachelor’s programme they will need to determine whether your high school graduate certificate corresponds to the German Abitur. In general, most school-leaving certificates from a higher education institution in the EU and EFTA country will entitle you to study at a German university. Depending on the university entrance entitlement (general or subject-specific) granted by the International Office, you will be allowed to pursue any study programme or only some specific programmes.

In fact, even if you do not possess an adequate qualification you may still be able to pursue studies at the German university. But, before you can enrol in a regular degree programme you will need to complete preparatory courses (Studienkollegs) provided by the university of your choice. Preparatory courses typically take one year. In addition, some Fachhochschulen may also require you to complete a working internship.

In some cases, school-leaving certificates of applicants from countries outside the European Economic Area (EU and EFTA) may not be accepted as readily as those from the EU and EFTA countries. Therefore, students are advised to check the anabin database (available only in German) for school qualifications in their home country that are recognized in Germany as a university entrance entitlement. Click on the tab “Suchen” and then choose your country and type of school-leaving certificate and school.

3.3 Aptitude Test

Some German universities may require international applicants for undergraduate programmes to pass the TestAS (Test für Ausländische Studierende or Test for Academic Studies in English). The aim of this test is to assess the student’s ability to study at the German university. High scores can help greatly improve your chances of being admitted.

3.4. Requirements for Graduate/Post-Graduate Studies in Germany

Regarding graduate/post-graduate studies, students who have earned a Bachelor’s or a Master’s degree from a foreign university need to get in touch with the International Office of the German university of their choice to have their degree recognized in order to be allowed to pursue Master’s or Ph.D. studies in Germany.

4. Choosing the Right University

There are over 300 public and 100 private universities in Germany, offering more than 15,000 degree programmes. German universities are classified into classical universities (Universitäten incl. Technische Universitäten), universities of applied science (Fachhochschulen), cooperative universities (Duale Hochschulen) and colleges of art and music. Unlike largely research-oriented Universitäten, Fachhochschulen are, as their name suggests, practice-oriented with strong links to the industry and do not provide Ph.D. degrees. Cooperative universities, too, are practice-biased combining study and work and specialize in dual studies . In contrast to many other parts of the world, German public universities tend to have better rankings than private ones. In the academic year 2023-24, 49 German universities are ranked among the top 1,500 universities in the world and all of them are public. See this article for a complete list of the top German universities and their highest ranked degree programmes.

4.1. Finding Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree Programmes in Germany

German universities provide plenty of degree programmes designed for international students as well as courses for exchange students staying for one or two semesters which are all taught in English. Most undergraduate foreign students begin with courses conducted in English while taking free German lessons at the university. Once their command of the German language is good enough to study in German, they continue with courses taught in German. The website of DAAD will help you find degree programmes in English . TOEFL or IELTS are generally required from non-English native speakers who wish to pursue international programmes in Germany.

International students who are seeking programmes taught in German can use the search engine of Hochschulkompass to find out about all study programmes available at German universities. Alternatively, students can also use a portal of studieren.de to search for all Bachelor’s and Master’s degree programmes offered at German universities. A useful tool for identifying highly regarded degree programmes and to see how they compare with each other are the German university rankings compiled by the German Academic Service (DAAD) in cooperation with the largest German national weekly newspaper “die Zeit”. Those who already have an idea of what programme suits them best should contact “student advisory services” at the selected university to have any specific questions regarding their chosen study programme answered.

4.2. Finding a Ph.D. Programme in Germany

The two types of doctoral studies that are offered by German universities are an individual doctorate and a structured Ph.D. programme. International students who wish to earn their Ph.D. in Germany via an “individual path” need to find a supervisor called ‘Doktorvater’ or ‘Doktormutter’ either through personal contacts or searching through the database of doctoral studies of hochschulkompass.de . At the moment, an individual doctorate (i.e., traditional form of Ph.D. studies) is still the more common option of the two chosen by three quarters of students in Germany.

Another possibility is to find a structured Ph.D. programme (alternatively check also this link ). A structured Ph.D. programme resembles those in the US, Canada or the UK where Ph.D. students form a small group and attend lectures, seminars and assessments together and are supervised by a team of professors rather than a single supervisor. Yet another useful place where to find listings of open positions in doctoral programmes in Germany is the database of the German Academic Exchange Service DAAD .

5. Application and Admission Procedure at German Universities

When applying for a degree programme at a German university you need to find out whether there are any limitations imposed. Some programmes at German universities, such as medicine, are extremely popular and thus have a limited number of places. These restricted programmes are also called numerus clausus degree programmes. Some programmes are restricted on a national level and then we speak of a central restriction whereas others are restricted only locally at a particular university.

5.1. No Admission Restriction

If no restriction is in place you can directly enrol in the programme of your choice provided you have been issued a university entrance entitlement certificate by the university’s International Office. You will need to fill in the application form and provide a copy of your university entrance entitlement certificate as well as your CV, proof of health insurance covering Germany and a photo. Please note that you will need to meet a certain deadline to be admitted.

5.2. Local Admission Restriction

For restricted degree programmes only the best applicants will be admitted. Selection criteria include the average grade as well as other factors such as assessment test results, applicant’s interview scores and specific practical experience. Applications are submitted directly to the chosen university and will be handled by the university staff.

5.3. Central Admission Restriction

The major difference between applying for a programme with central and local restriction is that for nationally restricted programmes you need to apply with the Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung (University Admissions Foundation) and not directly with the university as is the case with locally restricted programmes. Therefore, applications for nationally restricted programmes are handled centrally by the University Admissions Foundation.

5.4. Applying through Uni-Assist

If you want to apply for several degree programmes at different universities you can use the paid service of Uni-Assist which will handle all your applications for you. This service is specifically designed for international applicants. The staff at Uni-Assist will review your documents and make sure they are complete before forwarding them onto the universities you are applying to. However, please note that Uni-Assist cannot be used for applying to the University Admissions Foundation for nationally restricted programmes.

5.5. Application Deadlines

In most cases, application deadlines are the 15th of July and the 15th of January for the winter and the summer semester, respectively.

5.6. Applying for a Ph.D. Programme

The application procedure mostly depends on whether you are applying for an individual doctorate or a structured Ph.D. programme. In case of an individual doctorate, once you have found a supervising professor willing to act as your ‘Doktorvater’, you can enrol at the university provided you meet the qualification criteria (i.e., Master’s degree in your intended course of study that is equivalent to the German degree). Your suitability must be usually confirmed by the doctoral committee of the faculty department where you are going to conduct your research.

Applicants for structured Ph.D. programmes should contact the International Office of the selected university to begin standard application procedure. Just like in classical Ph.D. programmes (i.e., individual doctorates), a corresponding Master’s degree will also be required. Since most Ph.D. programmes in Germany (and structured doctoral programmes in particular) use English as the sole language of instruction and communication and the thesis is also written in English, proof of German proficiency is typically not required. For tips on how to make your application for a Ph.D. study programme successful and how to write a research proposal check out this webpage of Research in Germany .

6. Overcoming Initial Entry and Settlement Hurdles

Although there is absolutely no discrimination against anyone from anywhere at German universities, certain things are beyond their control. That is, some students, depending on their nationality, will have to deal with visa and/or residence permits. If you are not a resident of any EU or EFTA country, you will certainly need a residence permit to study in Germany. Moreover, citizens of most non-European countries (excluding the USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Korea, etc.) will also need a visa before they can travel to Germany either as applicants or as prospective students. The following lines briefly explain which documents you will need to be allowed into the country and to arrange a residence permit as well as some other necessities.

6.1. Documents Needed for Visa Application

Citizens who need a visa to enter Germany will be required to submit the following documents to apply for a student visa or an applicant visa:

• Passport that is valid for at least another twelve months
• Confirmation of application from the German university for an applicant visa
• Admission letter from the university for a student visa
• University entrance entitlement for an applicant visa
• Proof of adequate language skills (minimum B2)
• Health insurance coverage for Germany
• Proof of sufficient funds for at least one year (i.e., 11,208 Euros in blocked account as of June 2024 unchanged since January 1, 2023) which may also include scholarship

For more detailed information get in touch with the nearest German consulate or embassy .

6.2. Documents Needed for Residence Permit

In order to convert a student visa into a residence permit for study purposes you will need the same documents as above plus a certificate of resident registration and a rental contract but instead of the admission letter from the university you will have to submit a certificate of enrolment. Please note that if you are a citizen of a third country with visa-free entry to Germany, you also have to submit all these documents at the local aliens’ office (Ausländerbehörde) because you too need a residence permit. Residence permit for study purposes is issued for two years, so make sure your passport is valid for at least as long.

6.3. Health Insurance

Citizens of the EU and EFTA countries can use a statutory health insurance from their home country that is registered with a German statutory health insurer. Nationals of other countries may be able to use a health insurance from certain private insurers in their home country (it must cover Germany and must be accepted in Germany) or they will need to get an insurance cover from a German statutory insurer. German insurers are obliged to offer discount rates to all students under 30 years of age (in 2024, 125 Euros a month). Please note that students have to provide proof of the health insurance coverage to be allowed to enrol at a German university.

7. Cost of Studying in Germany and Financing Options

Public universities in Germany do not charge tuition fees to undergraduate students. Most public universities also waive tuition fees for graduate students, especially for consecutive Master’s programmes (building directly on a Bachelor’s degree earned in Germany). However, there is a small one-off enrolment charge (typically around 250 Euros) that becomes payable at the beginning of each semester. This amount often also includes a semester ticket that entitles the holder to a reduced rate for local public transportation. Private German universities, on the other hand, usually do charge tuition fees. However, there are a few exceptions among public universities. Since the beginning of the academic year 2017-18, the federal state of Baden-Württemberg charges the non-EU university students a tuition fee of ca 1,500 Euros per semester for all degree programmes except for PhD. The new rule applies to all public universities in this federal state (i.e., the University of Freiburg, the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, the University of Konstanz, the University of Mannheim, the University of Stuttgart, the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen and the University of Ulm).

According to DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service), the average monthly budget of a German university student in 2024 is estimated at 934 Euros (this is the amount of money per month a student must have in their blocked account when applying for a visa) though international students in Germany can usually get by on a slightly smaller budget. The most significant and also the most variable part of this expense is rent, which was on average 345 Euros a month in 2023. The average monthly cost of a room in a student’s dormitory is 280 Euros while renting an apartment costs on average 475 Euros a month. In fact, a small studio can cost between 450-750 Euros a month, depending on the town and other factors (more information on the cost of living in Germany ). In addition, Ablöse (compensation for investments made by the previous tenant) and 1-3 months deposit will often be required. Since acceptance to the university does not guarantee anybody a room in a dormitory and renting a flat alone is too expensive, many students live in shared apartments (Wohngemeinschaften) to save on rent and initial investment. By doing so, they can reduce their rental expenses to around 325 Euros per month. In order to secure inexpensive accommodation in dormitories students are advised to contact their local Studentenwerk immediately after enrolment.

7.1. Scholarships for International Students

There are plenty of scholarship options for international students in Germany, both governmental and non-governmental from private foundations, to help them finance their studies. Below are the links to the most comprehensive lists of scholarship programmes available to foreign students in Germany.

• DAAD : Scholarship Database
• Study in DE : Study Financing & Scholarships
• TopUniversities : Overview of Scholarships in Germany

7.2. Working while Studying in Germany

Students who come from countries outside of the European Economic Area (EU and EFTA) are only allowed to work part-time, that is either 140 full days a year or 280 half-days a year (in effect since March 2024) or 20 hours a week (remember this also includes voluntary work). Still, this may help them cover part of the living costs. It goes without saying that those from the EEA countries can work full time.

8. Finding Work in Germany after Graduation

Citizens of the EEA countries (EU and EFTA) may stay and seek employment in Germany for as long as they wish just like any German national and they do not need a work permit. Other nationals, including those who normally need a visa for Germany, can extend their residence permit and stay in the country for a period of 18 months after graduation while seeking employment. If they find a job, their residence permit for study purposes will be converted into a residence permit for work. In addition, those who need a visa to enter Germany and decide to leave the country after finishing their studies can still seek employment in Germany. They will, however, need to apply for a twelve-month visa for the purpose of job search (also known as the jobseeker’s visa) to return to Germany for job hunting. Moreover, since June 2024 there is also an opportunity to apply for a so-called ‘opportunity card’ instead of the jobseeker’s visa as defined in the new Skilled Immigration Act .

9. Summary of Steps for Applying to Study in Germany

We hope this concise guide has strengthened your desire to study in Germany. To get you started here is a summary of what you need to do to apply for study at a German university:

• Take up an intensive German language course
• Find a German university and a study programme. You can choose more than one
• Enquire about admission requirements
• Do the necessary paperwork and have your school diplomas recognized in Germany
• Sort out your financing (do not forget to check out scholarships options)
• If you need an applicant visa, take up an insurance policy that covers Germany
• Apply in due time

Germany is the home of 458 thousand international students benefiting from tuition-free education in Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD programmes at some of the world’s most prestigious universities. Why not join them and study in Germany too?

Study in Germany FAQs

Most international students in Germany agree that Germany is a great place to study and live. German university degrees are highly valued across the world and come at a cost that is affordable to most foreign students thanks to minimal university fees and reasonably low living costs. Statistics show that for international students, Germany is just after the UK the second most popular destination in Europe where to earn a university degree.

Relative to its high education standards and excellent quality of living, Germany is an inexpensive place for university students to study and live. German public universities, which are among the best in the world, charge no tuition fees while students enjoy a number of discounts. The monthly living cost of an international student in Germany in 2024 is estimated at 934 euros per month, which is less than in most other countries of Western Europe.

Since public universities in Germany charge no tuition fees, everyone can study at a German university nearly for free, no matter which country they are from. The only money the student will ever have to pay to the university is an enrollment fee at the beginning of semester, which is on average ca 250 euros, that is, 500 euros per year. One exception is the federal state of Baden-Württemberg where public universities are allowed to charge tuition fees to non-EU students of approximately 1,500 euros per semester. But, keep in mind that students from the non-EU and non-EFTA countries will have to demonstrate to immigration authorities that they are able to cover their cost of living in Germany.

Most German universities charge no tuition fees, just a small enrollment charge payable at the beginning of each semester. Hence, the cost of studying at a German university mainly consists of the rent and everyday living expenses. For 2024, the monthly budget of an international university student in Germany is estimated at 934 euros.

Yes, you can as there are plenty of international study programmes at German higher education institutions (i.e., universities) provided exclusively in English. And, just like the regular German-language programmes, many of the international study programmes are tuition-free.

Yes, you can, if you choose a tuition-free international study programme at one of the public German universities.

Germany prides itself in its high quality of education, so you can expect that graduating from a respected German university will require some effort on your part. At exams you will have to demonstrate that you understand the matter rather than just mechanically cramming the stuff from the textbook.

For many young people it certainly is worth. Higher education at public institutions in Germany is practically tuition-free for citizens of any country while the quality of education is among the best in the world. Moreover, the living standard in Germany is very high though the cost of living is affordable for most students. Scholarships and student jobs are easy to find to help finance the studies. Yet, German degrees are recognized worldwide but if a graduate of German university from a non-European country wants to start a career in Germany they can if they find a job that corresponds to their qualifications. Furthermore, foreign graduates of German universities are allowed to stay in the country for 18 months after graduation searching for a job. The chances to stay are great especially for those who earn a degree that is in high demand in Germany.

The most important requirements are a university entrance entitlement and knowledge of the German or English language at B2/C1 level. If you come from a non-EEA country you will also have to show to the immigration authorities that you have enough money to finance your stay in Germany (11,208 euros per year in 2024).

In general it is but for some study programmes C1 or even C2 proficiency level can be required.

Yes, you can as there is no age limit for admission to German universities. In fact, students who are in their late 30s or early 40s can be commonly found in Master’s and MBA programmes at German universities.

Technically you can, although it is less common than applying for two or more study programmes to different universities.

Students from the EEA countries are allowed to work full time, that is, 40 hours per week but those from the non-EEA countries can work 40 hours per week only for 6 months a year. Or in other words, students from third countries are allowed to work 140 full days or 280 half-days a year (applies since March 2024), or 20 hours a week.

If you are a citizen of another EEA country (that is, the EU or EFTA), you can work full time while there is no limit on how much you can earn. However, university students from the so-called third countries are allowed to work only 140 full days or 280 half-days a year (in effect since March 2024) or 20 hours a week. Likewise, there is no limit on how much they are allowed to earn. But, remember that the annual tax exemption threshold for a working student in Germany in 2024 is 11,604 euros. So, if you earn more than that you will have to pay taxes and social security contributions.

Yes you can, if you find a job that corresponds to your qualification. As a matter of fact, you are allowed to stay in Germany for additional 18 months after graduation, searching for a job. Once you have found a job, your residence permit for study purposes will be converted into a residence permit for work. It goes without saying that citizens of the EU and EFTA countries are free to stay in Germany irrespective of whether they finish the university or not.

Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from respected German universities are accepted worldwide. Diplom and Magister degrees are usually accepted too but their recognition in foreign countries may not be always as straightforward as with Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees.

The university diplomas that give you the best chances to succeed in the German job market include degrees in medicine, natural sciences (e.g., biotechnology, nanotechnology) , different fields of electrical and mechanical engineering, mathematics, computer science and technology as well as nursing.

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Phd in germany: cost, scholarships, & admission requirements.

Have you considered pursuing a PhD in Germany? Germany is a popular destination for international students seeking a high-quality education and a vibrant research environment.

Pursuing a PhD in Germany can provide you with a unique opportunity to work with leading researchers in your field, gain valuable experience, and develop your skills.

In this article, we will explore some of the key aspects of pursuing a PhD in Germany, including the application process, funding opportunities, and the research environment.

How Much Does PhD Cost in Germany?

The cost of pursuing a PhD in Germany varies depending on several factors, including the university, the program, and the student’s lifestyle. However, most public universities in Germany offer their doctoral programs at a highly subsidized tuition or even at no tuition cost at all.

The only cost that students may have to pay is a semester fee ranging from 300-3,000 EUR a year. Private universities may charge higher tuition fees, but they are generally more expensive than public universities.

In addition to tuition fees, students will also have to consider the cost of living in Germany, which includes rent, food, transportation, and other expenses. The average cost of living in Germany is around 700-1,100 EUR per month.

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How Many Years is a PhD in Germany?

The duration of a PhD program in Germany typically ranges from 3-5 years. The duration may vary depending on the field of study, the research topic, and the student’s progress. 

Who is Eligible for PhD in Germany? 

To be eligible for a PhD program in Germany, applicants must meet certain requirements. Here are the general eligibility criteria for pursuing a PhD in Germany based on the search results:

• A strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest is a major prerequisite while applying for a PhD in Germany.
• The acknowledged degree for entering doctoral studies in Germany is a Master’s Degree – taken by completing at least eight semesters of your Master studies.
• Extremely well-qualified international applicants with a bachelor’s degree may be admitted as doctoral students via a fast-track program, which will involve taking an entrance exam and perhaps attending an interview.
• Applicants must have a good higher education degree which is equivalent to a German master’s degree.
• Applicants must have a minimum GPA of 80% from a recognized university.
• Applicants must have a valid Curriculum Vitae (CV) that mentions prior work experience, academic pursuits, etc.
• Applicants must demonstrate language proficiency in either English or German. For English, applicants must have an IELTS score of 6.5 and above or TOEFL score of 80 and above.
• For German, applicants may need to prove their proficiency in the language with a test such as DSH-2 or the Goethe certificate C2.

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Do you get paid to do a phd germany.

Yes, PhD students in Germany receive a salary or stipend during their studies.The amount of salary or stipend varies depending on the university, the program, and the student’s experience.

The average stipend for PhD students in Germany is around 24,500 EUR per year (approximately INR 19,53,189 per year). However, some universities may offer higher stipends depending on the field of study and the research topic.

In addition to the stipend, PhD students may also receive other benefits such as health insurance, travel grants, and conference funding.

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What is top 20 universities in germany.

• Technical University of Munich
• Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
• Heidelberg University
• University of Bonn
• University of Gottingen
• University of Freiburg
• Humboldt University of Berlin
• University of Tübingen
• RWTH Aachen University
• University of Hamburg
• University of Cologne
• University of Stuttgart
• University of Frankfurt
• University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
• University of Würzburg
• University of Konstanz
• University of Mannheim
• University of Bremen
• University of Münster
• University of Duisburg-Essen

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What is top 10 phd scholarships in germany.

Here are some of the top PhD scholarships available for international students in Germany based on the search results:

• DAAD Scholarship (German Academic Exchange Service)
• Helmholtz Research Scholarship
• Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation Scholarships
• Heinrich Böll Foundation Scholarships
• Friedrich Ebert Foundation Scholarships
• Konrad Adenauer Foundation Scholarships
• Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Scholarships
• Hans Böckler Foundation Scholarships
• Max Planck Society Scholarships
• Einstein International Postdoctoral Fellowship

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How to apply for a phd in the germany.

1. Find a suitable PhD program and a supervisor: The first step is to find a PhD program that matches your academic and career goals. You can search for programs on the university websites or other online platforms. Once you have identified a program, you need to find a supervisor who can guide you through your research.

2. Check the eligibility criteria: Before applying, you need to check the eligibility criteria for the program. The criteria may vary depending on the university and the program. Generally, you need to have a strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest, a valid Curriculum Vitae (CV), and language proficiency in either English or German.

3. Prepare the application documents: The application documents may include a CV, a copy of your degree certificate, a brief description of your doctoral research, language proficiency certificates, and letters of recommendation. You may also need to submit a research proposal, a statement of purpose, and a writing sample.

4. Submit the application: Once you have prepared the application documents, you can submit them online or by mail. The application process may involve multiple stages, and the timeline may vary depending on the program.

5. Wait for the response: After submitting the application, you need to wait for the response from the university. If your application is accepted, you will receive a confirmation letter from the university. You can use this letter to apply for a German student visa.

What is PhD Application materials in Germany?

The application materials required for a PhD program in Germany may vary depending on the university and the program. However, common application materials required:

1. Curriculum Vitae (CV): A detailed CV that mentions prior work experience, academic pursuits, research interests, and other relevant information.

2. Degree certificate: A copy of your degree certificate that proves you have completed a master’s degree or equivalent. Research proposal: A brief description of your doctoral research, including the research question, methodology, and expected outcomes.

3. Statement of Purpose (SOP): A statement that explains your motivation for pursuing a PhD, your academic and career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with your goals.

4. Language proficiency certificates: Proof of language proficiency in either English or German. For English, applicants must have an IELTS score of 6.5 and above or TOEFL score of 80 and above. For German, applicants may need to prove their proficiency in the language with a test such as DSH-2 or the Goethe certificate C2.

5. Letters of Recommendation (LOR): Letters of recommendation from professors or employers who can attest to your academic and research abilities.

6. Aptitude scores: Some universities may require aptitude scores like GRE or GMAT.

7. Exposé of the dissertation project: A detailed description of the dissertation project.

Can I work while doing PhD in Germany?

Yes, it is possible to work while doing a PhD in Germany. PhD students in Germany can work as research associates at their universities, which is usually a part-time job. The research associate job description includes research, teaching, and administrative duties. PhD students can also work outside the university.

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85 PhD programmes found for your filters

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Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut für Radioonkologie – OncoRay PhD Student (f/m/d) Compensation strategies for advanced proton beam treatment planning in magnetic fields

• Type of Promotion: Full PhD
• Application deadline: 16.08.2024
• Working language: German, English
• Beginning: 01.10.2024
• Required degree: Diplom, Master
• Location: Dresden

Last changed: 11.07.2024 (Published: 11.07.2024)

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Compensation strategies for advanced proton beam treatment planning in magnetic fields - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut für Radioonkologie – OncoRay

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute for Energy and Climate Research PhD Position – Innovative Pathways for Grid Resilience: Flexibility and Volatility Analysis in Electrical Distribution Grids

• Application deadline: 25.12.2024
• Beginning: as soon as possible
• Required degree: Master
• Location: Jülich

Last changed: 10.07.2024 (Published: 10.07.2024)

more More about PhD Position – Innovative Pathways for Grid Resilience: Flexibility and Volatility Analysis in Electrical Distribution Grids - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute for Energy and Climate Research

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research PhD Student (f/m/d) Simulations and Development of new Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Instrument

• Application deadline: 29.08.2024
• Working language: English

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Simulations and Development of new Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Instrument - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research

Technische Universität Berlin Einstein Center Digital Future, HEIBRiDS PhD positions Data Science/Science Domain

• Application deadline: 23.08.2024
• Beginning: 01.01.2025
• Location: Berlin

more More about PhD positions Data Science/Science Domain - Technische Universität Berlin Einstein Center Digital Future, HEIBRiDS

Technische Universität Dresden Philosophische Fakultät, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Professur für Politikwissenschaft mit Schwerpunkt Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte Wiss. Mitarbeiter:in / Doktorand:in

• Application deadline: 30.08.2024
• Beginning: 01.02.2025

more More about Wiss. Mitarbeiter:in / Doktorand:in - Technische Universität Dresden Philosophische Fakultät, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Professur für Politikwissenschaft mit Schwerpunkt Politische Theorie und Ideengeschichte

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics PhD Student (f/m/d) Controlling Beam Transport and Quality in High-Power Lasers using Machine Learning

• Application deadline: 01.08.2024

Last changed: 09.07.2024 (Published: 09.07.2024)

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Controlling Beam Transport and Quality in High-Power Lasers using Machine Learning - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics PhD Student (f/m/d) Virtual Diagnostics and Surrogate Models for Analysis and Optimization of a Laser-Electron Accelerator based Free-Electron Laser

more More about PhD Student (f/m/d) Virtual Diagnostics and Surrogate Models for Analysis and Optimization of a Laser-Electron Accelerator based Free-Electron Laser - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiation Physics

Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development PhD positions in Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1648 - Emerging Viruses: Pathogenesis, Structure, Immunity

• Application deadline: 14.07.2024
• Location: Hamburg

more More about PhD positions in Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1648 - Emerging Viruses: Pathogenesis, Structure, Immunity - Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics PhD Position – New UHV Technologies for the Einstein Telescope for Gravitational Waves Detection

• Application deadline: 21.07.2024

Last changed: 08.07.2024 (Published: 08.07.2024)

more More about PhD Position – New UHV Technologies for the Einstein Telescope for Gravitational Waves Detection - Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics

Universität Osnabrück Institut für Physik Research Assistant (PhD), Ultrafast Physics (m/f/d) (salary grade E 13 TV-L, 65%)

• Application deadline: 16.07.2024
• Required degree: Master, Diplom
• Location: Osnabrück

more More about Research Assistant (PhD), Ultrafast Physics (m/f/d) (salary grade E 13 TV-L, 65%) - Universität Osnabrück Institut für Physik

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PhD in Germany: All You Must Know

• German Universities

Updated on 10 April, 2024

Urvi Agrawal

Germany has become an increasingly popular study destination for PhD students worldwide. Every year, 28,000 students complete their doctoral degrees in Germany, significantly more than in any other European Union country. 

With numerous prestigious universities, exceptional research facilities, and low or no tuition fees at public universities, Germany offers an attractive path to a PhD. Let’s learn more about PhD in Germany.

Table of Contents

Key highlights, international focus, high living standard at low-cost, exceptional research, freedom to explore your potential, funding opportunities, phd in germany: subjects and specialization, phd in germany admission requirements, phd in germany: document checklist, cost of phd in germany, living expenses in germany, scholarships for phd in germany, salary after phd in germany.

Why Study PhD in Germany

A PhD in Germany for Indian students offers several advantages:

About 5,800 international students finish doctorates in Ge­rmany yearly, showing it attracts talent worldwide. Notably, English is the primary language of many PhD programs, providing acce­ssibility and inclusivity to international scholars as they can write their PhD thesis in English. 

Despite affordable costs, Germany offers a high standard of living,  making it attractive for doctoral studies. Public unive­rsities charge low or no tuition fees for doctoral programs, easing the financial burden of students. 

Germany boasts a strong academic environment and offe­rs an excellent scientific culture with an investment of around 121 billion euros in its research and development sectors. Thus, aspirants will be at the forefront of cutting-edge research. 

PhD students in Ge­rmany benefit from a supportive and fre­e environment valuing cre­ativity. Moreover, as a PhD student in Germany, you will get to travel to other countries in the European Union for your research, providing ample opportunities for networking and professional growth. 

Germany offe­rs extensive funding for promising doctoral candidates. Organizations like the­ German Academic Exchange Se­rvice support 4000+ international doctoral stude­nts annually through scholarships. With a good academic record and compelling re­search proposals, prospective PhD stude­nts stand a strong chance of securing financial assistance to pursue­ their higher studies in Germany.

In Germany, students can pursue their PhD studies in a wider range of subjects or academic disciplines. From the liberal arts to biology, prospective PhD students can explore different fields. Here are ten specializations for PhD programs in Germany.

• Medicine and Health
• Engineering and Design
• Life Sciences
• Natural Sciences
• Social Sciences and Technology
• Computer, Information, and Technology
• Environmental Health 
• Historical Studies

PhD in Germany: Admissions

Getting acce­pted into PhD programs in Germany involves adhe­ring to specific guidelines and comple­ting essential documentation. Unde­rstanding the requireme­nts and compiling the necessary pape­rwork are crucial steps for individuals aspiring to pursue doctoral studie­s in Germany. 

Here are the admission requirements and document checklists:

The requirements for admission to PhD programs in Germany for international students may differ depending on the university and the discipline. Here are the­ general requirements for admission to PhD programs.

• Applicants are re­quired to possess eithe­r a master's degree­ (MSc) or a Diploma from a German university or a recognized institution. In rare cases, a bachelor's degree­ (BSc) with honors, equivalent to a 4-year program that include­s a thesis, will be considere­d. Students must have obtained a minimum average grade of 2.5 or equivalent. 
• English proficiency proof, such as the TOEFL or IELTS, is strongly re­commended unless the applicant is a native speaker, or possesses an educational background in English, or has completed six months of study in an English-speaking institution. Usually, an IELTS score of 6.5 and a TOEFL score of 95 are required. 
• You will also have to submit your GRE/GMAT scores if required by the university. 
• International students also need to show a minimum of €11,208 per year in their blocked account to obtain a German visa.

Applicants for PhD positions in Germany are generally required to submit a comprehensive set of documents, but the specific requirements may vary depending on the specialization and university. The general documents required are:

• Letter of Application
• Curriculum Vitae (CV)
• Academic Certificates (including graduate and post-graduate)
• Motivation Letter or SOP
• Language Proficiency Proof
• Minimum two Recommendation Letters
• Passport Copy
• Portrait Picture
• GRE/GMAT subject scores 

In Germany, students can pursue doctoral studies at public universities with low or no tuition fees. However, you will still need to submit a "se­mester contribution" eve­ry semester, which is essential for financing student services. 

This amount varies depending on the university you choose, though it usually varies from €100 to €350. However, private institutions may still charge for their PhD programs. The fees can vary from €2,000–€2,280 per year. 

Living expe­nses, covering accommodation, transportation, and food, are essential for a standard lifestyle­. In Germany, these costs are­ moderate compared to othe­r European nations. They are also generally lower than in De­nmark, Luxembourg, or Switzerland.

A stude­nt  in Germany can expect to spend around €842 monthly. Thus, planning your budget before reaching the country is crucial to manage your finances well. 

Here is the average cost of living in Germany for international students: 

Source: DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service)

Germany offers a number of merit-based and need-based scholarships to meritorious students across the globe. Below is a comprehensive list of various PhD scholarships available in the country with their details: 

Here is a table outlining different roles after a PhD in Germany, along with their expected salaries:

Source: Glassdoor(as of March 2024)

Pursuing a PhD in Germany can pave the way for an enriching and lucrative academic career for students who are passionate about research. Thus, the prospect of living in a vibrant nation with cutting-edge infrastructure makes Germany an ideal destination for a PhD.

Discover More:

• Why study in Germany
• Cost of Study in Germany
• Career Opportunities in Germany
• Scholarships in Germany for Indian students
• Requirements for study in Germany for Indian Students

MBA General Management-90 ECTS

International School of Management, Germany

Master in International Management

Master of Business Administration (60 ECTS)

M.Sc. Business Intelligence & Data Science

Master of Business Administration (90 ECTS)

Are there any tuition fees for phd in germany for indian students.

Indian students pursuing a PhD in Ge­rmany do not have to pay tuition. Public universities do not charge­ fees for PhD study, and this includes all inte­rnational students. Some private unive­rsities may charge fee­s, but fellowship funding or support often covers costs. 

Can I pursue a PhD in Germany if I don't speak German?

While knowing German can be helpful, it is not absolutely necessary. Many colleges in Germany currently provide classes taught in English to welcome international students. When pursuing a PhD, candidates often have­ the flexibility to choose be­tween writing their the­sis in English or German.

What are the types of PhD in Germany?

In Germany, doctoral studie­s offer two primary options: the individual doctorate and structured PhD programs. The­ individual PhD option includes self-directe­d research under the­ guidance of a single professor, while­ structured programs fe­aturing collaborative supervision and shared course­work. Structured programs may provide funding or stipends, whe­reas the individual pathway remains the­ conventional prefere­nce for most doctoral candidates in Germany.

Urvi has 3 years of experience as a content writer and marketer. Over years, she has established herself as a study-abroad expert and is adept at crafting compelling and engaging content for students. Self-driven and passionate professional, she likes writing poetry and has authored a poetry book ‘Thoughts of a Wallflower’.

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For detailed requirements, check IU's programme page or application information guide .

Best English Taught Universities in Germany

Germany is home to numerous universities that offer high-quality programmes in English, catering to the needs of international students who want to study abroad. Here’s a list of some of the best institutions where you can pursue your studies in English:

1. IU International University of Applied Sciences

IU stands out for its extensive range of English language programmes. With a focus on career-oriented education, IU offers degrees in fields such as IT, Data Science, Business, and more. Our programmes are designed to align with the demands of the global job market, ensuring that graduates are well-prepared for their careers. For more information on studying with us, visit our on-campus study page .

2. Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)

LMU Munich is one of Germany’s leading research universities, offering several English-taught Master’s programmes across various disciplines, including Management, Economics, and Neurosciences. Known for its strong research output and diverse international community, LMU provides an excellent environment for academic growth.

3. Technical University of Munich (TUM)

TUM is renowned for its engineering and technology programmes. It offers a number of Master’s degrees in English, particularly in fields like Engineering, Computer Science, and Natural Sciences. TUM’s strong industry connections provide students with ample opportunities for internships and research projects.

4. Heidelberg University

As Germany’s oldest university, Heidelberg offers a variety of English-taught programmes, especially at the Master’s level. Fields of study include Biomedical Engineering, International Health, and American Studies. The university is well-regarded for its research facilities and academic excellence.

5. Freie Universität Berlin

Freie Universität Berlin offers several English-taught programmes, particularly in the humanities and social sciences. Programmes such as North American Studies, Global History, and International Relations attract students from around the world. The university's vibrant cultural scene enhances the overall student experience.

6. Humboldt University of Berlin

Humboldt University, another prestigious institution in Berlin, offers English-taught Master’s programmes in fields like Global Change Geography, British Studies, and Economics. The university is known for its interdisciplinary approach and strong emphasis on research.

7. University of Freiburg

The University of Freiburg provides several graduate studies in English, including Renewable Energy Engineering and Environmental Governance. Freiburg’s strong focus on sustainability and innovation makes it a top choice for students interested in environmental sciences.

8. University of Mannheim

Known for its business and economics programmes, the University of Mannheim offers English language programmes at both the Bachelor’s and Master’s levels. Programmes like Business Administration, Economics, and Data Science are particularly popular among international students.

English Taught Programmes you can study at IU

Bachelor	ECTS credits
	180
	180
	180
	180
	180
	180
	180

Master	ECTS credits
	120
	120
	120
	60/120
	60
	60/120
	60

Study in Germany in English in Public Universities vs. Private Universities

Choosing between public and private universities in Germany can be a crucial decision for international students. Both types of institutions offer unique advantages, but there are significant differences to consider, especially when it comes to English language programmes.

Public Universities

1. Low or No Tuition Fees :

• Public universities in Germany often charge minimal tuition fees for international students, making them an attractive option for budget-conscious students.

2. Reputation and Research :

• Many public universities in Germany are globally recognised for their research output and academic excellence.

Disadvantages

1. Limited English Programmes :

• While public universities do offer programmes in English, these are primarily at the Master's level. Bachelor's programmes in English are less common.

2. Larger Class Sizes :

• Public universities often have larger class sizes, which can lead to less personalised attention from professors and a more impersonal learning environment.

Private Universities

1. Extensive English-Taught Programmes :

• Private universities like IU offer a wide range of English language programmes at both undergraduate and graduate levels.

2. Career-Oriented Education :

• Private universities often focus on practical, career-oriented education. At IU, programmes are designed to meet the demands of the global job market, particularly in fields such as IT, Data Science, and Business.

3. Smaller Class Sizes and Personalised Attention :

• With smaller class sizes, private universities can provide more personalised attention, mentoring, and support services, enhancing the overall student experience.

1. Higher Tuition Fees :

• Private universities typically charge higher tuition fees compared to public institutions. However, many offer scholarships, financial aid, and flexible payment plans to help mitigate costs.

2 .Selective Admission :

• Admission to private universities can be more selective, focusing not only on academic performance but also on other criteria such as motivation and extracurricular activities.

To find out more about the different benefits of studying in Germany, read our top 10 benefits of studying in Germany blog post.

Why Choose IU International University of Applied Sciences?

IU offers a unique value proposition for international students:

• Broad portfolio of English degrees : IU has an extensive selection of English language programmes at both Bachelor’s and Master’s levels, with over 50 different degrees - far above what other German universities can offer.
• Career-relevant programmes : IU’s programmes are designed with a strong emphasis on delivering employability results. The studies are tailored to current and future market demands, ensuring that students are job-ready upon graduation.
• Flexible learning options : IU provides options for flexible on-campus and online learning, allowing students to choose the mode of study that best suits their lifestyle and commitments, and combine work and studies with ease, no matter how they choose to study.
• Supportive learning environment : With smaller class sizes and dedicated support services, IU ensures that each student receives personalised attention and guidance throughout their studies. That way, students have the best possible chances to succeed.
• Innovation driven: Thanks to its sophisticated digital learning model, IU offers students not just innovative degree programmes, but also an innovative approach to learning: with AI-powered tutoring tools, a unique learning app for mobile and a constantly evolving set of features.

For more information on what it's like to study at IU and the advantages it offers, learn about the life as an on-campus student .

How much does it cost to study in Germany in English?

Studying in Germany in English can be a cost-effective choice for international students, but costs can vary significantly between public and private universities. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the expenses you can expect.

Tuition Fees

1. Tuition Fees :

• Many public universities in Germany charge low or no tuition fees for international students. However, this can vary by state and university. For example, Baden-Württemberg charges non-EU students €1,500 per semester.

2. Semester Contribution :

• Despite low tuition fees, students must pay a semester contribution ranging from €150 to €350. This fee typically covers administrative costs and a semester ticket for public transportation.
• Source : DAAD: Tuition Fees .
• Private universities generally charge higher tuition fees compared to public institutions. Fees can range from €10,000 to €20,000 per year, depending on the programme and university. At IU though, the costs of studying are much lower. The tuition fees for a Bachelor’s degree programme start at around €6,000 per year, with various scholarships and flexible payment options (like monthly installments) available to ease the financial burden.

2. Value for Money :

• The higher fees at private universities often come with additional benefits, such as smaller class sizes, state-of-the-art facilities, and extensive support services.

Living Costs

1. Accommodation :

• Monthly rent can vary widely depending on the city. In major cities like Munich or Frankfurt, expect to pay between €300 and €700 for student accommodation. In smaller towns, costs may be lower, ranging from €250 to €500.

2. Food and Groceries :

• On average, students spend about €200 to €250 per month on food. This includes groceries and occasional dining out.

3. Transportation :

• Public transportation costs are often covered by the semester contribution at public universities. For private universities, or if additional travel is needed, monthly transportation costs can be covered by the Deutschlandticket, which allows you to use public transport in every city in Germany for €49 each month.

4. Health Insurance :

• Health insurance is mandatory for all students in Germany. Public health insurance costs about €120.34 for students under the age of 23 and €125.21 for students age 23 and above.
• Source : Expatrio .

How to apply for English Taught Study Programmes

• Research your options : Explore universities and programmes that offer English-taught courses. Websites like DAAD provide comprehensive listings of available programmes and make it easier researching universities.
• Check admission requirements : Ensure you meet the academic and language proficiency requirements for your chosen programme.
• Prepare required documents : Gather necessary documents such as transcripts, CV/resume, motivation letter, and letters of recommendation.
• Submit your application : Apply through Uni-Assist for centralised processing of applications, or easily and directly through the university, if you're applying for IU.
• Keep track of deadlines : Be mindful of application deadlines, which typically fall around mid-July for the winter semester and mid-January for the summer semester.
• Apply for a student visa : Once accepted, apply for a student visa at the German embassy or consulate in your home country. IU offers a visa application support service for all its students.
• Prepare for arrival : Plan your accommodation, travel arrangements, and finances for your arrival in Germany.

For more tips, read our how to apply for German universities in 2024 guide.

Study in Germany in English - Wrapping it up

In conclusion, studying in Germany offers an exciting adventure for international students seeking high-quality education and cultural enrichment. With an abundance of English-taught programmes and a welcoming international community, Germany provides a dynamic learning environment like no other.

And for those considering Berlin as their academic home, IU stands out with its diverse English-taught programmes, career-focused approach, and vibrant campus life.

So, why wait? Embrace the opportunity to study in one of Europe's most dynamic cities and unlock your potential with IU in Berlin!

Can I study in Germany with only English?

Yes, you can study in Germany with only English! Many universities offer both undergraduate and graduate programmes in English. 

Can I study in Germany in English for free?

While many public universities in Germany offer low or no tuition fees for both domestic and international students, this may not always apply to English-taught programmes. 

Is it possible to study in Germany without speaking German?

Yes, it is possible to study in Germany without speaking German, especially if you enrol in an English language programme. Many higher education institutions offer programmes in English, allowing international students to pursue their studies without needing to learn German. However, having some knowledge of German can be beneficial for daily life and integration into the German culture. Some universities may also offer German language courses for international students.

What degrees are taught in English in Germany?

Germany offers a diverse range of English-taught programmes across various fields of study. Some of the most popular disciplines include:

• Business Administration
• Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, etc.)
• Computer Science and Information Technology
• Natural Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc.)
• Economics and Finance
• Medicine and Health Sciences
• Social Sciences (International Relations, Political Science, Sociology, etc.)
• Arts and Humanities

These programmes are offered at both public and private universities, providing international students with a wide array of options to pursue their academic interests in Germany.

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PhD in Germany: Universities, Fees, Eligibility Criteria, and More

Updated On Jun 24, 2024

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PhD in Germany Highlights

Top universities in germany for phd with fees, popular specializations for phd in germany, eligibility criteria for phd in germany, scholarship for international students pursuing phd in germany.

Pursuing a PhD in Germany is an attractive prospect for many international students due to the country’s robust academic reputation, cutting-edge research facilities, and diverse academic programs. Typically lasting three to five years, a PhD in Germany offers extensive research opportunities and academic growth. Germany is home to some of the world’s top universities, offering a wide range of doctoral programs in various disciplines.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of pursuing a doctorate in Germany, covering universities, fees, eligibility criteria, and other essential aspects to help you navigate your doctoral journey.

Germany offers an exceptional environment for doctoral studies with minimal tuition fees, extensive research facilities, and ample funding opportunities. The following table outlines essential details such as duration, course level, admission process, eligibility criteria, and more to help prospective students navigate their PhD journey in Germany.

Pursuing a PhD degree in Germany offers excellent academic opportunities with most public universities charging no tuition fees, only nominal semester fees. Top Universities for PhD in Germany like TUM, LMU, and Heidelberg University are highly ranked globally. Below is a table detailing their QS World University Rankings (2024) and fee structures.

	€129 Semester Fee	#54
	€144 Semester Fee	#37
	€171 Semester Fee	#87
	€315 Semester Fee	#120
	€155 Semester Fee	#=192
	€299 Semester Fee	#106
	€376 Semester Fee	#232
	€158 Semester Fee	#=222
	€312 Semester Fee	#=239
	€194 Semester Fee	#776

Note: Most public universities in Germany do not charge tuition fees for PhD programs. However, students are required to pay semester fees, which typically cover administrative costs, student services, and a public transportation pass.

Explore top universities in Germany for PhD programs across a range of disciplines, including humanities, natural sciences, engineering, and psychology. This overview highlights each university’s focus areas, helping prospective students identify suitable programs for advanced research and academic pursuits.

To pursue a doctorate in Germany, applicants must meet certain eligibility criteria, which can vary slightly between universities and programs. Generally, the following requirements apply:

1 Master’s Degree

• A relevant Master’s degree or a comparable qualification in a related discipline.
• In some cases, exceptionally qualified candidates with a Bachelor’s degree may be admitted directly into a PhD program (known as a “fast track” program).

2 Academic Performance

• Strong academic record with high grades in previous degrees.
• Certain programs may mandate a minimum grade point average (GPA).

3 Research Proposal

A well-defined research proposal that aligns with the interests and expertise of the prospective supervisor and the university’s research focus.

4 Language Proficiency

• Fluency in English or German, depending on the program’s language of instruction.
• For programs in English: TOEFL, IELTS, or equivalent certification.
• For programs in German: TestDaF, DSH, or equivalent certification.

5 Letters of Recommendation

• Typically, two to three letters of recommendation from professors or academic mentors who can attest to the applicant’s research capabilities and academic performance.

6 Supervisor Agreement

Identification and agreement of a suitable academic supervisor who is willing to guide the PhD candidate’s research.

7 CV and Personal Statement

• A comprehensive CV detailing academic and professional background.
• A personal statement or motivation letter explaining the interest in the chosen research area and the reasons for selecting the specific university and program.

Looking to boost your English language proficiency? Join our expert-led classes now!

Germany offers several prestigious scholarship opportunities tailored to support international PhD students:

1 DAAD Scholarships

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) provides a range of scholarships covering living expenses and tuition fees. These scholarships are highly competitive and support recipients with monthly stipends typically between €800 to €1,200, depending on the level of study and academic merit.

2 Erasmus+ Scholarships

Managed by the European Commission, Erasmus+ offers scholarships for PhD candidates from EU and partner countries to study in Germany. The scholarships include monthly stipends that vary based on the student’s country of origin, alongside travel and installation allowances to facilitate mobility and international collaboration.

3 Humboldt Research Fellowship

Offered by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, this fellowship supports highly qualified postdoctoral researchers and experienced scientists from abroad. The fellowship provides stipends ranging from €2,600 to €3,000 per month, depending on the academic qualifications and experience of the applicant.

4 DAAD Research Grants

These grants support doctoral candidates and young academics by funding short-term research stays or participation in study trips to Germany. The grants cover travel expenses and living costs for the duration of the research stay, enabling scholars to conduct research in their field of interest within Germany.

5 Heinrich Böll Foundation Scholarships

Specifically for students with a keen interest in socio-political issues, these scholarships support international students pursuing a PhD in Germany. The foundation provides stipends up to €1,200 per month, along with allowances for research and study trips, promoting academic excellence and engagement in social and environmental issues.

Choosing to pursue a PhD in Germany means you can study at prestigious universities with diverse subjects and low tuition costs. To qualify, you need good grades and a clear research plan. Scholarships from organizations like DAAD and the Humboldt Foundation can help cover expenses. Overall, Germany is an excellent choice for international students aiming for success in their doctoral studies.

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Department of Modern Languages and Literatures

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