hec research articles

DIGITAL LIBRARY

a PROGRAMME OF HEC

Announcements

IEEE Quiz Ready for the Institutions !

Trial Access to Gale Publications is now READY!

Trial Access to Annual Reviews is now READY!

WIN A IPAD WITH OVID QUIZ FOR PAKISTAN

HEC trial to Summon Discovery Service and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses is now READY!

" ASTM " Launched for all the Engineering Institutions (More Info...)

" WOLTERS KLUWER OVID SP " Launched for all the Medical Institutions...(More Info...)

"Project Muse Ebooks " are now available (More Info...)

ESDU quiz “TEST YOUR ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE” has been launched. The main aim of the quiz to encourage students and faculty to use authenticated resources rather than the Google searches although the Google searches also take them to the data items for which they are subscribing. Please visit www.ihsesdu.com for the same.

IEEE Quiz for Engineering and Technology Pakistan 2013-14

15th November, 2013 to 28th February, 2014

The IEEE Quiz for Engineering and Technology is a new initiative designed to promote scientific excellence in the research fraternity of Pakistan within IEEE fields of technology. The quiz is also designed to inspire innovation and encourage Pakistani users to discover new research and cutting edge ideas via the www.ieee.org/ieeexplore . IEEE Xplore is a powerful resource that enables discovery and access to scientific and technical content published by the IEEE and its publishing partners. IEEE Xplore provides online access to millions of full-text documents from some of the world's most highly cited publications in electrical engineering, computer science and electronics. Prizes: The respondents with the highest quiz scores will be entered into a drawing to win one of several prizes. See the official contest rules here

· 2 Grand Prize Winners: Each wins an iPad 4 · 4 Runner-ups: Each wins an iPad Mini

To attempt the quiz please visit http://ajdeftek.com/whats-new/ or go to www.ieee.org/quizforpakistan

Apart from the above prizes which are only meant for the participants of the quiz there is one prize of IPAD 4 for the university with the maximum participation and one prize of IPAD MINI for the runner up university in participation. These prizes will be for the Digital library representatives/Librarians of those universities.

Welcome to Our DL Website!

HEC NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY PROGRAMME

HEC National Digital Library (DL) is a programme to provide researchers within public and private universities in Pakistan and non-profit research and development organizations with access to international scholarly literature based on electronic (online) delivery, providing access to high quality, peer-reviewed journals, databases, articles and e-Books across a wide range of disciplines. The e-books support programme will allow researchers to access most of the important text and reference books electronically in a variety of subject areas. Around 75,000 number of electronic content has been made available through the Digital Library Programme.

Useful links

E-Databases
Open Access
Eligibility Criteria

Research Publications by Universities/DAIs 2011 & 2012

Research Publications 2012
Research Publications 2011

JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS

FROM ISI WEB OF KNOWLEDGE
JCR Full Cov List 2018

Important links

Pakistan Research Repository
Free Medical Journals
EBSCO Information Services
IEEE Computer Society
What is My IP?
Unsubscribed Resources
Useful Information for Subscribing Resources on Cost Share Basis!

HIGHER EDUCATION COMMISSION NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY

Research guidance, Research Journals, Top Universities

Download HEC recognized journals list PDF

If you are looking forward to downloading the List of HEC recognized journals , then you are at the right place. In this blog post, we show you how to download the HEC recognized journals list. Moreover, you will also be able to know how to check if a journal is HEC recognized ?

Page Contents

HEC Journal Recognition System is a collection of research journals that are categorized into three different categories – W, X, and Y — within their respective knowledge areas on the basis of a number of internationally benchmarked and recognized parameters that measure the quality of a journal.

Steps to download the list of HEC Recognized Journals

Go to the Official Website of HJRS.
Select Area ->Select Subject Areas -> Select Sub Category
Click on Export to download the Excel file.

Step 1 : Go to the Official Website .

Step 2: Select an Area from the dropdown, select a subject area, then select a subcategory, if available for your subject, etc;

Step 3 : Click on Export.

As soon as you click on the Export button, the Excel file will start downloading to your computer.

For instance, below we are showing the top research journals of Agriculture Sciences exported from the HEC website.

#	JPI	Medallion
1	100	Platinum
2	100	Platinum
3	99	Platinum
4	99	Platinum
5	99	Platinum
6	99	Platinum
7	99	Platinum
8	99	Platinum
9	99	Platinum
10	98	Platinum
11	98	Platinum
12	98	Platinum
13	98	Platinum
14	98	Platinum
15	98	Platinum
16	98	Platinum
17	98	Platinum
18	98	Platinum
19	98	Platinum
20	98	Platinum

How to check HEC recognized journals?

Go to the website .
Here, enter the journal title or the ISSN.
If the journal is HEC recognized, it will show all the information related to the journal.

HEC recognized journals under Different Areas

The list of Areas are:

Agriculture Sciences
Arts and Humanities
Biological and Health Sciences
Education and HR
Engineering and Technology
Management Sciences
Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences

HEC recognised language & linguistics (w,x,y category) journals

HEC recognized journals in Social Sciences 2023

HEC recognized journals arts and humanities 2023

The Journals that appear in MJL and have neither an impact factor nor other parameters like AIF, EFT, H-Index, SJR, and SNIP are placed in the Y category. Journals available in the following indexes of the Web of Science core collection are mapped in HJRS: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Arts & Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

Submission guidelines

Length of manuscript, manuscript submission, scientific style, artwork and illustrations guidelines, supplementary information (si), editing services, ethical responsibilities of authors, authorship principles, compliance with ethical standards, competing interests, research involving human participants, their data or biological material, informed consent.

Research Data Policy

After acceptance

Open Choice

Open access publishing

Mistakes to avoid during manuscript preparation

Instructions for Authors

There is no maximum or minimum amount of words for manuscripts submitted to HECF.

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.

Permissions

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.

Online Submission

Please follow the hyperlink “Submit manuscript” and upload all of your manuscript files following the instructions given on the screen.

Source Files

Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at every submission and revision. Failing to submit a complete set of editable source files will result in your article not being considered for review. For your manuscript text please always submit in common word processing formats such as .docx or LaTeX.

Please make sure your title page contains the following information.

The title should be concise and informative.

Author information

The name(s) of the author(s)
The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (state), country
A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author
If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s)

If address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published.

For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and country of residence, not their e-mail address unless specifically requested.

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT , do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria . Notably an attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM should be properly documented in the Methods section (and if a Methods section is not available, in a suitable alternative part) of the manuscript.

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

For life science journals only (when applicable)

Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered trials
Trial registration number and date of registration, followed by “retrospectively registered”, for retrospectively registered trials

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

Statements and Declarations

The following statements should be included under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for inclusion in the published paper. Please note that submissions that do not include relevant declarations will be returned as incomplete.

Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Please refer to “Competing Interests and Funding” below for more information on how to complete this section.

Please see the relevant sections in the submission guidelines for further information as well as various examples of wording. Please revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

Text Formatting

Manuscripts should be submitted in Word.

Use a normal, plain font (e.g., 10-point Times Roman) for text.
Use italics for emphasis.
Use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.
Do not use field functions.
Use tab stops or other commands for indents, not the space bar.
Use the table function, not spreadsheets, to make tables.
Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.
Save your file in docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or doc format (older Word versions).

Manuscripts with mathematical content can also be submitted in LaTeX. We recommend using Springer Nature’s LaTeX template .

Please use no more than three levels of displayed headings.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.

Footnotes to the text are numbered consecutively; those to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data). Footnotes to the title or the authors of the article are not given reference symbols.

Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units ( SI units ).
Nomenclature: Insofar as possible, authors should use systematic names similar to those used by IUPAC .
Genus and species names should be in italics.
Generic names of drugs and pesticides are preferred; if trade names are used, the generic name should be given at first mention.
Please use the standard mathematical notation for formulae, symbols, etc.: Italic for single letters that denote mathematical constants, variables, and unknown quantities; Roman/upright for numerals, operators, and punctuation, and commonly defined functions or abbreviations, e.g., cos, det, e or exp, lim, log, max, min, sin, tan, d (for derivative); Bold for vectors, tensors, and matrices.

Cite references in the text by name and year in parentheses. Some examples:

Negotiation research spans many disciplines (Thompson, 1990).
This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman (1996).
This effect has been widely studied (Abbott, 1991; Barakat et al., 1995; Kelso & Smith, 1998; Medvec et al., 1999).

Authors are encouraged to follow official APA version 7 guidelines on the number of authors included in reference list entries (i.e., include all authors up to 20; for larger groups, give the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis and the final author’s name). However, if authors shorten the author group by using et al., this will be retained.

Reference list

The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should only be mentioned in the text.

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each work.

Journal names and book titles should be italicized .

If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”).

Journal article Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8 (3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
Article by DOI Hong, I., Knox, S., Pryor, L., Mroz, T. M., Graham, J., Shields, M. F., & Reistetter, T. A. (2020). Is referral to home health rehabilitation following inpatient rehabilitation facility associated with 90-day hospital readmission for adult patients with stroke? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001435
Book Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst . Penguin Books.
Book chapter Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.
Online document Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain . OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view
All tables are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.
Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.
Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

Electronic Figure Submission

Supply all figures electronically.
Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MSOffice files are also acceptable.
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.
Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.
Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.
All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.

Halftone Art

Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.
If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.
Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Combination Art

Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
Color art is free of charge for online publication.
If black and white will be shown in the print version, make sure that the main information will still be visible. Many colors are not distinguishable from one another when converted to black and white. A simple way to check this is to make a xerographic copy to see if the necessary distinctions between the different colors are still apparent.
If the figures will be printed in black and white, do not refer to color in the captions.
Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB (8 bits per channel).

Figure Lettering

To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).
Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.
Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.
Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).
If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures,"A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.
Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.
No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption.
Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

Figure Placement and Size

Figures should be submitted within the body of the text. Only if the file size of the manuscript causes problems in uploading it, the large figures should be submitted separately from the text.
When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
For large-sized journals the figures should be 84 mm (for double-column text areas), or 174 mm (for single-column text areas) wide and not higher than 234 mm.
For small-sized journals, the figures should be 119 mm wide and not higher than 195 mm.

If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.

Accessibility

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that

All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information (colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

Generative AI Images

Please check Springer’s policy on generative AI images and make sure your work adheres to the principles described therein.

Springer accepts electronic multimedia files (animations, movies, audio, etc.) and other supplementary files to be published online along with an article or a book chapter. This feature can add dimension to the author's article, as certain information cannot be printed or is more convenient in electronic form.

Before submitting research datasets as Supplementary Information, authors should read the journal’s Research data policy. We encourage research data to be archived in data repositories wherever possible.

Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
Please include in each file the following information: article title, journal name, author names; affiliation and e-mail address of the corresponding author.
To accommodate user downloads, please keep in mind that larger-sized files may require very long download times and that some users may experience other problems during downloading.
High resolution (streamable quality) videos can be submitted up to a maximum of 25GB; low resolution videos should not be larger than 5GB.

Audio, Video, and Animations

Aspect ratio: 16:9 or 4:3
Maximum file size: 25 GB for high resolution files; 5 GB for low resolution files
Minimum video duration: 1 sec
Supported file formats: avi, wmv, mp4, mov, m2p, mp2, mpg, mpeg, flv, mxf, mts, m4v, 3gp

Text and Presentations

Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.

Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets should be submitted as .csv or .xlsx files (MS Excel).

Specialized Formats

Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can also be supplied.

Collecting Multiple Files

It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.
If supplying any supplementary material, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables.
Refer to the supplementary files as “Online Resource”, e.g., "... as shown in the animation (Online Resource 3)", “... additional data are given in Online Resource 4”.
Name the files consecutively, e.g. “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.
For each supplementary material, please supply a concise caption describing the content of the file.

Processing of supplementary files

Supplementary Information (SI) will be published as received from the author without any conversion, editing, or reformatting.

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary files, please make sure that

The manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material
Video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk)

How can you help improve your manuscript for publication?

Presenting your work in a well-structured manuscript and in well-written English gives it its best chance for editors and reviewers to understand it and evaluate it fairly. Many researchers find that getting some independent support helps them present their results in the best possible light. The experts at Springer Nature Author Services can help you with manuscript preparation—including English language editing, developmental comments, manuscript formatting, figure preparation, translation , and more.

Get started and save 15%

You can also use our free Grammar Check tool for an evaluation of your work.

Please note that using these tools, or any other service, is not a requirement for publication, nor does it imply or guarantee that editors will accept the article, or even select it for peer review.

Chinese (中文)

您怎么做才有助于改进您的稿件以便顺利发表？

如果在结构精巧的稿件中用精心组织的英语展示您的作品，就能最大限度地让编辑和审稿人理解并公正评估您的作品。许多研究人员发现，获得一些独立支持有助于他们以尽可能美好的方式展示他们的成果。Springer Nature Author Services 的专家可帮助您准备稿件，具体包括润色英语表述、添加有见地的注释、为稿件排版、设计图表、翻译等。

开始使用即可节省 15% 的费用

您还可以使用我们的免费语法检查工具来评估您的作品。

请注意，使用这些工具或任何其他服务不是发表前必须满足的要求，也不暗示或保证相关文章定会被编辑接受（甚至未必会被选送同行评审）。

Japanese (日本語)

発表に備えて、論文を改善するにはどうすればよいでしょうか？

内容が適切に組み立てられ、質の高い英語で書かれた論文を投稿すれば、編集者や査読者が論文を理解し、公正に評価するための最善の機会となります。多くの研究者は、個別のサポートを受けることで、研究結果を可能な限り最高の形で発表できると思っています。Springer Nature Author Servicesのエキスパートが、英文の編集、建設的な提言、論文の書式、図の調整、翻訳など、論文の作成をサポートいたします。

今なら15％割引でご利用いただけます

原稿の評価に、無料の文法チェックツールもご利用いただけます。

これらのツールや他のサービスをご利用いただくことは、論文を掲載するための要件ではありません。また、編集者が論文を受理したり、査読に選定したりすることを示唆または保証するものではないことにご注意ください。

Korean (한국어)

게재를 위해 원고를 개선하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?

여러분의 작품을 체계적인 원고로 발표하는 것은 편집자와 심사자가 여러분의 연구를 이해하고 공정하게 평가할 수 있는 최선의 기회를 제공합니다. 많은 연구자들은 어느 정도 독립적인 지원을 받는 것이 가능한 한 최선의 방법으로 자신의 결과를 발표하는 데 도움이 된다고 합니다. Springer Nature Author Services 전문가들은 영어 편집, 발전적인 논평, 원고 서식 지정, 그림 준비, 번역 등과 같은 원고 준비를 도와드릴 수 있습니다.

지금 시작하면 15% 할인됩니다.

또한 당사의 무료 문법 검사 도구를 사용하여 여러분의 연구를 평가할 수 있습니다.

이러한 도구 또는 기타 서비스를 사용하는 것은 게재를 위한 필수 요구사항이 아니며, 편집자가 해당 논문을 수락하거나 피어 리뷰에 해당 논문을 선택한다는 것을 암시하거나 보장하지는 않습니다.

This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics ( COPE ) the journal will follow the COPE guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of good scientific practice, which include*:

The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).
A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e. ‘salami-slicing/publishing’).
Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.
Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (who can be an individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could potentially be seen as personal attacks or allegations about that person.
Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g. dual use of research). Examples include creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).
Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in order to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary data is excluded.

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:

If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.

- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

- an expression of concern may be placed with the article

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform , watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.

The author’s institution may be informed
A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.

Fundamental errors

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the error.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included is not only dependent on the scope of the journal, but also the scope of the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and declarations.

Data transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all data and materials as well as software application or custom code support their published claims and comply with field standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research data in concordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for the following requirements:

ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors;
managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication;*
providing transparency on re-use of material and mention any unpublished material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover letter to the Editor;
making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on data statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

* The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Author contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed at the separate title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Free text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should be included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis , it is recommended that the student is usually listed as principal author:

A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are generally not permitted, but in some cases it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during revision stage.

Author identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative which could be a direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Journal reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published paper raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been received to share information.

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals

Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section carefully.

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after publication.

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list we recommend they declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:

Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.

It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following: "Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become publicly known after the work was published."

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject. Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement. Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding information should be included in the ‘ Declarations ’ section.

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and included on a title page that is separate from the manuscript with a section entitled “ Declarations ” when submitting a paper. Having all statements in one place allows for a consistent and unified review of the information by the Editor-in-Chief and/or peer reviewers and may speed up the handling of the paper. Declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Materials and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements. Please use the title page for providing the statements.

Once and if the paper is accepted for publication, the production department will put the respective statements in a distinctly identified section clearly visible for readers.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

When all authors have the same (or no) competing interests and/or funding it is sufficient to use one blanket statement.

Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:

Partial financial support was received from [...]
The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Agreement No[…].
This study was funded by […]
This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]

Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
No funding was received for conducting this study.
No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:

Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.

Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.

Non-financial interests: none.

Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.

Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

Ethics approval

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

Retrospective ethics approval

If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological material (for which formal consent may not be needed or is difficult to obtain) ethics approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their country.

Ethics approval for case studies

Case reports require ethics approval. Most institutions will have specific policies on this subject. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their institution and seek ethics approval where needed. Authors should be aware to secure informed consent from the individual (or parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable) See also section on Informed Consent .

If human cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained, whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line, and batch of cells.

It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems with the cell line and may save considerable time and effort.

Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).

Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) approved the study and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively similar to a DOI) for research resources. This journal encourages authors to adopt RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, cell lines, model organisms and tools) in their manuscripts.

Organism: Filip1 tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD

Cell Line: RST307 cell line RRID:CVCL_C321

Antibody: Luciferase antibody DSHB Cat# LUC-3, RRID:AB_2722109

Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005

Software: ImageJ Version 1.2.4 RRID:SCR_003070

RRIDs are provided by the Resource Identification Portal . Many commonly used research resources already have designated RRIDs. The portal also provides authors links so that they can quickly register a new resource and obtain an RRID.

Clinical Trial Registration

The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions” and a health-related outcome is generally defined as a change in the health of a person or population as a result of an intervention.

To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly available repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform .

The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.

For clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged to register retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. The trial registration number (TRN), date of registration and the words 'retrospectively registered’ should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.

Standards of reporting

Springer Nature advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.

Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors.

Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)

Observational studies (STROBE)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)

Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)

Case reports (CARE)

Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)

Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)

Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)

Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)

Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Ethics approval’.

Examples of statements to be used when ethics approval has been obtained:

• All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of A (No. ...).

• This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No. ...).

• Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of University C. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

• The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of the University of D (Ethics approval number: ...).

Examples of statements to be used for a retrospective study:

• Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of University A in view of the retrospective nature of the study and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.

• This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. We consulted extensively with the IRB of XYZ who determined that our study did not need ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of XYZ.

• This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University B approved this study.

Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption granted:

• This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

• The data reproduced from Article X utilized human tissue that was procured via our Biobank AB, which provides de-identified samples. This study was reviewed and deemed exempt by our XYZ Institutional Review Board. The BioBank protocols are in accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. This is especially true concerning images of vulnerable people (e.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the use of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images.

Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, DNA or other distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were studied should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant (or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative) gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under certain circumstances consent is not required as long as information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.

Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort meaning.

Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:

• Images such as x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained.

• Reuse of images: If images are being reused from prior publications, the Publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate attribution for republished images.

Consent and already available data and/or biologic material

Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem decision) must have given prior written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased should be respected.

Data protection, confidentiality and privacy

When biological material is donated for or data is generated as part of a research project authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose. In case of data acquired via a biobank/biorepository, it is possible they apply a broad consent which allows research participants to consent to a broad range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded by research ethics committees as specific enough to be considered “informed”. However, authors should always check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other type of data provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be sure that this is the case.

Consent to Participate

For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not have been fully informed, extra care will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the Springer Nature Research Integrity Group.

Consent to Publish

Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data published in a journal article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in particular applicable to case studies. A consent to publish form can be found

here. (Download docx, 36 kB)

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Consent to participate’ and/or ‘Consent to publish’. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate" :

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for “Consent to publish” :

The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the reason for removal.

This journal operates a type 1 research data policy . The journal encourages authors, where possible and applicable, to deposit data that support the findings of their research in a public repository. Authors and editors who do not have a preferred repository should consult Springer Nature’s list of repositories and research data policy.

List of Repositories

General repositories - for all types of research data - such as figshare and Dryad may also be used.

Datasets that are assigned digital object identifiers (DOIs) by a data repository may be cited in the reference list. Data citations should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite: authors, title, publisher (repository name), identifier.

If the journal that you’re submitting to uses double-blind peer review and you are providing reviewers with access to your data (for example via a repository link, supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the authorship in the data is also blinded. There are data repositories that can assist with this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policies, help finding a suitable data repository, or help organising and sharing research data can access our Author Support portal for additional guidance.

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Shortly after this you will receive two e-mails. One contains a request to confirm your affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article, as well as to arrange rights and payment of any associated publication cost. A second e-mail containing a link to your article’s proofs will be sent once typesetting is completed.

Article publishing agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, you will either grant the Publisher an exclusive licence to publish the article or will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations

Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge. For color in the print version, authors will be expected to make a contribution towards the extra costs.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers.

Open Choice allows you to publish open access in more than 1850 Springer Nature journals, making your research more visible and accessible immediately on publication.

Article processing charges (APCs) vary by journal – view the full list

Increased researcher engagement: Open Choice enables access by anyone with an internet connection, immediately on publication.

It is easy to find funding to support open access – please see our funding and support pages for more information.

*) Within the first three years of publication. Springer Nature hybrid journal OA impact analysis, 2018.

Funding and Support pages

Copyright and license term – CC BY

Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, the author(s) agree to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Find more about the license agreement

To find out more about publishing your work Open Access in HEC Forum , including information on fees, funding and licenses, visit our Open access publishing page .

Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

View all journals
Explore content
About the journal
Publish with us
Sign up for alerts
Research Highlight
Published: 12 May 2020

Forks in the road to the first hematopoietic stem cells

Elizabeth D. Howell 1 , 2 &
Nancy A. Speck ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-582X 1

Cell Research volume 30 , pages 457–458 ( 2020 ) Cite this article

1959 Accesses

6 Altmetric

Metrics details

Haematopoietic stem cells

You have full access to this article via your institution.

Hou et al. examine the origin of hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) by single-cell RNA sequencing. They show that arterial endothelial cells and HECs are derived from a common early arterial endothelial cell precursor, and that some HECs and their immediate progeny retain the capacity to generate both endothelial and hematopoietic cells longer than previously thought.

The first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term repopulating potential in mammalian embryos differentiate at mid-gestation from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) located primarily in the dorsal aorta through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). 1 , 2 The precise molecular identity and source of the endothelial cell (EC) precursors of HECs is not fully understood, although it is widely believed that HECs originate from arterial ECs. 3

Advances in single cell technologies have allowed for rare heterogenous cell populations to be dissected functionally and molecularly. Live imaging studies of single HECs undergoing EHT showed that they undergo dynamic morphological changes, detach from the endothelium, 2 and in mammalian embryos accumulate in intra-arterial clusters of hematopoietic cells (IAHCs). Several groups have exploited single-cell qRT-PCR 4 or single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify novel cell surface markers of HECs such as CD44 5 and to molecularly characterize a transitional cell situated between HEC and HSC called a pre-HSC, which expresses endothelial markers, the cell surface marker c-Kit, and high levels of CD201. 6

To uncover information about early specification of HECs and the relevant precursors, Hou et al. utilized scRNA-seq to unbiasedly examine all endothelial populations that spanned continuous stages from E8 to E11 of mouse development. 7 This time frame encompasses initial dorsal aorta formation, the appearance of HECs, EHT, pre-HSCs and the first HSCs. This strategy allowed for examination of the early cell fate decisions of ECs that give rise to HECs, as well as detailed examination of the HECs themselves. By sampling endothelial populations from several developmental stages, they were able to construct a continual trajectory from primitive ECs to pre-HSCs. The trajectory revealed two major bifurcations along the path from primitive ECs to HECs; primitive ECs must first choose an arterial, but not venous fate, and then early arterial ECs must adopt a hematopoietic fate to become HECs and segregate away from late arterial ECs (Fig. 1a ). The identification of an early arterial precursor of both late arterial ECs and HECs argue against the notion that the two lineages arise from distinct precursors. 3 The arterial endothelial origin of HECs is further supported by data showing that CD44, an arterial endothelial marker, reliably marks HSC-primed HECs in the dorsal aorta from E9.5 to E10.5. 5 The arterial origin of HSC-primed HECs has also been shown in humans; Zeng et al. showed that this population displayed an unambiguous arterial signature, and IAHCs also expressed arterial genes. 8 Additionally, NOTCH-mediated arterilization of HECs is required for generating multi-lineage hematopoietic progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. 3 Taken together, these findings strongly support a model wherein HECs are derived directly from an early arterial endothelial precursor.

a Primitive ECs (at ~E8–E8.5) must choose either a arterial or venous fate. Arterial ECs are distinguished by the arterial marker Gja5 ; venous ECs are distinguished by the venous marker Nr2f2 . Primitive arterial ECs continue on to early arterial ECs (between E8.5 and E9.5) that are distinguished by the arterial markers Sox17 , Gja5 , and surface marker CD44. b Between E9.5 and E10.5 early arterial ECs either adopt a hematopoietic fate and become HECs or maintain their arterial EC fate and become late arterial ECs characterized by arterial markers such as Ltbp4 . HECs are characterized by the expression of arterial markers and hematopoietic markers such as Runx1 , Gfi1 , Myb , and Spi1 . The fate of HEC is a pre-HSC (~E10.5–E11.0), which gains cell surface marker CD41 and stronger expression of hematopoietic genes Runx1 , Myb , Spn , and Spi1 . HECs and pre-HSCs are both marked by the novel HEC signature gene Neurl3 , which can be used to isolate these cells using a Neurl3:EGFP reporter mouse. Both HECs and pre-HSCs are functionally characterized by the ability to form both ECs and hematopoietic cells in culture. However, HECs maintain stronger endothelial potential relative to pre-HSCs.

Hou et al. also leveraged information from their scRNA-seq data to uncover novel markers of HSC-primed HECs. By comparing different endothelial populations with their putative HEC population, the authors isolated a refined HEC population from E9.5–E10.0 mouse embryos using CD31, CD44, CD201, and c-KIT as markers. This population differentiated into either endothelial tubes or hematopoietic cells in culture, and some single cells produced both (Fig. 1b ).

Hou et al. were able to further refine their HEC population by generating a reporter gene from a novel HEC signature gene, Neurl3 , that was identified from a bioinformatics screen. They created a Neurl3:EGFP reporter mouse, and observed that EGFP expression was restricted to IAHCs and a subset of aortic ECs, most of which also expressed the transcription factor RUNX1, a known marker of HECs. 9 Neurl3:EGFP + HECs could produce both hematopoietic cells and endothelial tubes in functional assays, and all long-term repopulating HSCs were generated exclusively from Neurl3:EGFP + ECs in ex vivo cultures, indicating that Neurl3 is a faithful marker of HSC-primed HECs.

Swiers et al. 4 previously reported that single HECs isolated from E8.5, E9.5, and E10.5 embryos never gave rise to both endothelial and hematopoietic cells, in contrast to the results reported by Hou et al. 7 . The difference in these results could be due to the markers that the two groups used to isolate HECs; Swiers et al. used a transgenic reporter mouse in which GFP expression is driven from the +23 Runx1 enhancer to isolate Runx1:GFP + HECs for their analyses. It is possible that HECs expressing the Runx1 transgene had lost their dual endothelial-hematopoietic potential, and that Hou et al. have isolated a slightly earlier HEC precursor that is in the midst of hemogenic specification and has not yet extinguished endothelial potential.

The dual-potential HEC described by Hou et al. is distinct from a hemangioblast, a term used to describe an embryonic precursor of both hematopoietic and endothelial cells situated prior to the branch point of arterial and venous ECs. Rather, Hou and colleagues’ dual-potential cell appears to be an arterial HEC that is undergoing hemogenic specification, and has not been committed to either the endothelial or hematopoietic cell fates.

To examine the fate of the HECs cells after EHT, the authors isolated pre-HSCs, the progeny of HSC-producing HECs and a precursor to HSCs. 10 Strikingly, the authors found that pre-HSCs also contained a low frequency of cells with dual endothelial-hematopoietic potential, suggesting that at least a subset of pre-HSCs are not yet committed to the hematopoietic fate. This is a surprising result, as pre-HSCs are thought to have fully undergone EHT, and extinguished their endothelial fate. An interesting question, then, is at what point in the entire process a cell is finally fully committed to becoming a blood cell?

scRNA-seq has been an invaluable tool for identifying and characterizing rare transient subpopulations that give rise to HSCs. In this study, Hou et al. were able to demonstrate the power of unsupervised bioinformatic analysis from scRNA-seq data to define the immediate precursors of HECs, and to uncover novel markers and regulators of HEC formation.

Medvinsky, A. & Dzierzak, E. Cell 86 , 897–906 (1996).

Article CAS Google Scholar

Kissa, K. & Herbomel, P. Nature 464 , 112–115 (2010).

Slukvin, I. I. & Uenishi, G. I. Exp. Hematol. 71 , 3–12 (2019).

Article Google Scholar

Swiers, G. et al. Nat. Commun. 4 , 2924 (2013).

Oatley, M. et al. Nat. Commun. 11 , 586 (2020).

Zhou, F. et al. Nature 533 , 487–492 (2016).

Hou, S. et al. Cell Res . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0300-2 (2020).

Zeng, Y. et al. Cell Res. 29 , 881–894 (2019).

North, T. et al. Development 126 , 2563–2575 (1999).

CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Taoudi, S. & Medvinsky, A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104 , 9399–9403 (2007).

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

Elizabeth D. Howell & Nancy A. Speck

Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

Elizabeth D. Howell

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nancy A. Speck .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Howell, E.D., Speck, N.A. Forks in the road to the first hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Res 30 , 457–458 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0331-8

Download citation

Published : 12 May 2020

Issue Date : June 2020

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0331-8

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Quick links

Explore articles by subject
Guide to authors
Editorial policies

You are using an old browser. This site may not display properly. Update your browser to enhance your experience.

Support HEC

Writing a good dissertation or thesis

The learning center team is at your disposal to assist you in your documentary research via our research assistance service ..

Identifying your project

Taking the time to define the right topic is a very important step in the essay process. With the answers to the 3QPOC questions, you will be able to extract the concepts that will define your subject. Mind maps can also help you to have an overview of your project. In addition, it is essential to review existing research. This should allow you to see if there is enough material to address your topic, if its scope is realistic, and if anyone has already answered your question.

The Learning Center has student papers that have been awarded an A or B grade and are not confidential. From our search portal, select "HEC PhD Theses" or "HEC Dissertations and theses" in the tab "New items-selections".

Preparing your research

To begin, make a list of keywords using dictionaries, thesauri, encyclopedias, manuals, etc. Break down each concept into a series of keywords, search for synonyms or equivalent terms. Once you have defined all your keywords, we recommend that you use Boolean operators to filter the results, combining or excluding specific words from your search "(AND/ET, NOT/SAUF, OR/OU)".

You can conduct your research using the Learning Center's resources (databases, news articles, journals, books and ebooks, dissertations and theses).

Managing your bibliographic references

Citation management software allows you to keep a database of the sources you use (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) when doing research. You can then select them when you cite your sources in your written work and automatically produce bibliographies from the citations you have included.

The Learning Center offers an article on the use of citation management software: Zotero.

Writing your bibliography

The bibliography is a very important part of your thesis. It allows you to confirm your knowledge of the subject and to recognize the people behind the ideas you have developed in your research. It also allows the reader of your work to deepen it by identifying the documents you have consulted.

The Learning Center has produced a guide to help you build your bibliography in a consistent and standardized way.

Citing bibliographic references

Plagiarism is presenting someone else's words or ideas as your own without acknowledging the source. Thus, when writing your dissertation or thesis, it is important to indicate the various sources that were used to fuel your thinking. Even when summarizing or paraphrasing information found in books, articles or web pages, you must credit the original author.

To assist you in this process, the Learning Center provides a document on plagiarism and how to cite your sources.

How to recruit?
Internship calendars
Post an offer
How to give
Ways to give
2019-2024 campaign
News and publications
Annual Report
Build your brand
Work with our students
Become a partner
Our corporate partners

HEC Journeys: The Path of the Consultant

Delve into the journey of HEC Paris MBA participants as they navigate career transformations, with a spotlight on consulting. Discover the comprehensive support provided by HEC Talents, insights from the Consulting Club, and the program's emphasis on diversity, values, and customization. Uncover how HEC cultivates leaders equipped for the dynamic consulting landscape.

Participants join the HEC Paris MBA Program to change their lives and transform their careers. It could be to level up their skillset, or to perform an epic MBA triple jump (sector, location, and role change), but all are looking for meaning and purpose in their professional lives that is unique to their own path. We explore different sectors that attract our participants and how HEC Paris gives students the tools and resources to contribute to their success.

What is Consulting?

Consulting attracts all kinds of profiles but is not for everyone. The hours are long, the work itself demanding, and consultants change industries and clients often. For those who thrive on action and a fast-paced environment, and who enjoy thinking creatively to solve complex problems, it provides an exciting potential career path.

HEC Talents, the Career Center at HEC

In the HEC Paris MBA, students have a structured career curriculum provided by HEC Talents, our career center. This includes an endless rotation of workshops, coaching sessions, and corporate events. Students are also assigned a Career Coach based on their career goals.

With introductory workshops like “First Steps in Consulting” and “Careers in Consulting”, students can assess whether consulting is a good fit. These workshops not only offer the basics like tips for tailoring CVs and interview preparation, but also cover market trends and best practices for students to connect and network with consulting firms. Alumni guest speakers also attend these workshops to share their personal experiences in the field.

HEC Talents offers Case Cracking workshops at Beginner, Advanced and Expert levels for any interested MBA participants. Our MBA students also have a host of tools and resources to fine tune their interviewing skills. The interview bootcamps, which are co-organized with the MBA Consulting club, are opportunities to get critical feedback from peers, career coaches and industry experts.

All this insider information and practice is invaluable when the recruiters come to call at HEC Paris.

HEC Talents has close connections to the corporate world, organizing 12 career fairs and MBA stand-alone presentations throughout the year to connect students directly to recruiters. The International Consulting Fair, which takes place in the fall, is a must for those interested in consulting, while MBA-specific events like the MBA Career Week and MBA Internship Day are also favorites for recruiters looking to target experienced talent profiles. In the HEC Paris MBA, participants have endless opportunities to interact with top consulting firms like Bain & Company, McKinsey & Company, The Boston Consulting Group, Kearney, Strategy &, Monitor Deloitte and many more.

Support from Peers

“I love my cohort and you can see the support that you have from your peers at HEC. Although we may be applying to the same companies, there is no competition – everyone is helping each other to succeed.”

Students in the MBA support one another, and intakes form deep bonds. Clubs provide a space for students with similar interests to share expertise, learn new skills and network together, and the Consulting Club is a good example of this.

“I love my cohort and you can see the support that you have from your peers at HEC,” says Dany Saadé, MBA ’23, who led the Consulting Club in 2022. “Although we may be applying to the same companies, there is no competition – everyone is helping each other to succeed.”

In fact, Dany, who landed his job very early in his time at HEC, ran for club president because he wanted to give back. “After I secured the job at Bain, I told myself I would dedicate my time to other people, helping them succeed in reaching their dream. Because for me, going into consulting at Bain Dubai was my dream.”

As Consulting Club president, Dany continued to strengthen the relationship between the club and the HEC Talents career center, helping to organize the case-cracking marathons. Dany gets excited when he talks about the marathons, how a few students worked hard to compile feedback to share and help the whole group improve. Part of the marathon involved representatives from McKinsey, Bain and BCG all coming and dedicating time to answering questions. HEC alumni, who are a pillar in the community, were available to talk with current students about their own experiences as well.

Networking and Exposure

“There is a real need for talent and companies are competing for top talent, so it is a great time to be going into consulting.”

In addition to being on the ground at HEC Talents career events, the Consulting Club also takes the initiative, creating ways for its members to interface with professionals around the world.

MBA Trek Week is a great example. Trek Week takes place in April and is a time clubs can use to organize events specific to their agenda and industry. This year, the Consulting Club planned an exciting trek to Dubai. More than 20 MBA participants (50% women!) are visiting top consulting firms in the city, says Arindam Sharma, a coordinator of the trip. “It’s a great opportunity for us to understand the consulting landscape in Dubai.”

As the need for consulting talent grows in the Middle East, this in-person experience is also a way for students to see if life in the region is a good fit for them. “There is a real need for talent and companies are competing for top talent, so it is a great time to be going into consulting,” says Kristin Young, Employer Engagement Manager with HEC Talents.

Diversity in Consulting

Consulting firms recruiting at HEC have a diverse group to choose from. With a 96% international collective profile, the students hail from a wide variety not only of countries but also sectors. Everyone’s journey here is unique, and unlike other MBA programs, not everyone comes in with a clear-cut idea of ‘what happens next’. There is a lot of exploration possible.

As the number of women in the HEC Paris MBA program grows, so too does their presence in the consulting events. Dany notes that there are more and more women joining the club. Consulting is historically a male-dominated field, and more consulting firms are keen to create increased flexibility for work-life balance in order to attract more diverse profiles and to encourage women in particular to bring their expertise to the table.

Customizable, Values-Focused Program

"Be the mastermind behind your MBA. Go seek opportunities. Tailor your program. The opportunities are here. Go get them.”

When Dany was making the choice of which MBA program to join, he says he was drawn by HEC’s focus on values. “There’s a lot of emphasis on ESG (environmental, social and governance) ethics,” he says. It isn’t an MBA solely focused on shaping consultants, but rather, leaders. In classes with Professor Valerie Gauthier, Dany says students are asked to reflect on what they want for their lives in the long term. “I think if you want to succeed in life, you have to really enjoy what you’re doing – not just feeling the pressure to end up as a consultant. You can discover a whole different world.”

At HEC, says Dany, the customizable aspects of the MBA are a huge draw. Participants can really match their MBA to their goals. “My advice to anyone who’s joining us is to be proactive. Be the mastermind behind your MBA. Go seek opportunities. Tailor your program. The opportunities are here. Go get them.”

In the HEC Paris MBA , participants have endless opportunities to interact with top consulting firms. With representatives frequently on campus, events organized by the Consulting Club and hands-on experience provided alongside the HEC Talents career center, students have the advantage of finding out if consulting is right for them.

IMAGES

HEC Research Points to AI Solutions to Prevent Miscarriages of Justice
HEC recognized journals in Social Sciences
research@hec
HEC Research Award 2023 for PhD Scholars
HEC Recognized Journals Up to 2005
HEC National Research Program For Universities (NRPU) 2021

VIDEO

Parties to the Insurance Contract
冠島のオオミズナギドリ調査
How to Charge Your Crystals with Krista Mitchell
રાજકોટ શહેરમાં ભરબપોરે જ્વેલર્સની દુકાનમાં લૂંટની ઘટના બની. Garvi Gujarat Gujarati
#Scam1992 #Harshad Mehta famous dialogue#shorts#viral shorts
Stanford Seminar

COMMENTS

HEC Recognized Journals Research Publications
Higher Education Commission (HEC) facilitates national research journals published by registered entities (universities or departments of faculties of such entities or registered research institutions or non-profit academic societies with a mandate for research) through financial support and capacity building to enhance their academic and publication standards.
Hjrs
HEC Journal Recognition System is the collection of authentic research journals ranked in scheduled categories on the bases of different ranking parameters. It is based on a propriety algorithm designed with the objective of promoting quality in research across various disciplines. HJRS allows the view of a ranked position in a journal as global, in subject area and subcategories.
HEC Digital Library
HEC National Digital Library (DL) is a programme to provide researchers within public and private universities in Pakistan and non-profit research and development organizations with access to international scholarly literature based on electronic (online) delivery, providing access to high quality, peer-reviewed journals, databases, articles and e-Books across a wide range of disciplines. The ...
Welcome to Pakistan Research Repository: Home
Welcome to Pakistan Research Repository. HEC Library is working under NAHE now.
HEC Digital Library Digital Library
HEC Digital Library offers access to scholarly literature and digital resources for research scholars, teachers, and students in Pakistan.
PDF Research Journals and Publications
Research and Innovation Wing of the HEC shall be responsible for the ranking, financing, and capacity building of journals. It will play no role in establishing or monitoring criteria for utilization of journals, validity of research journals, or verification of publications for the purpose of faculty appointments, promotions, appointments as ...
PhD Thesis of All Public / Private Sector Universities / DAIs
Subscribe to this collection to receive daily e-mail notification of new additions
(PDF) Flourishing The Higher Education in Pakistan: An Exploratory
Using exploratory analysis, the study unleashes that the higher education and research culture has improved since 2002 owing to the HEC's effective initiatives.
An Overview of HJRS and HEC Recognised Journals in Pakistan
Pakistan has produced a number of world-renowned research journals. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan maintains a list of these recognised journals and contributions to the global academic community. It is known as the HEC Journal Recognition System (HJRS).
Download HEC recognized journals list PDF
HEC Journal Recognition System is a collection of research journals that are categorized into three different categories - W, X, and Y — within their respective knowledge areas on the basis of a number of internationally benchmarked and recognized parameters that measure the quality of a journal.
Home
Overview. HEC Forum is an international, peer-reviewed publication featuring original contributions of interest to practicing physicians, nurses, social workers, risk managers, attorneys, ethicists, and other HEC committee members. Contributions from all pertinent sources are included, written in a style written appealing to HEC members and lay ...
List of Knowledge Articles
Adolescence and Social Media: the Slippery Sands of Research on a Global Phenomenon
State-of-the-art hydrological models and application of the HEC-HMS
The hydrologic model is a simplified representation of an existing hydrologic system that helps water resources comprehension, forecasting, and management. Hydrological models are a vital component and essential tool for water resources, environmental planning and management. Urbanization and industrialization significantly impact hydrologic processes locally and globally due to the rapid ...
Economics and Decision Sciences
The Department of Economics & Decision Sciences conducts research in economics, decision theory and statistics, with faculty members exploring a wide range of topics in macroeconomics, international trade, game theory, information theory, decision theory, learning, entrepreneurship and statistics.The department counts around 20 professors. More than 30 articles have been published in top ...
Hjrs
HEC Journal Recognition System is the collection of authentic research journals ranked in scheduled categories on the bases of different ranking parameters. It is based on a propriety algorithm designed with the objective of promoting quality in research across various disciplines. HJRS allows the view of a ranked position in a journal as global, in subject area and subcategories.
Submission guidelines
Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.
2433 PDFs
Explore the latest full-text research PDFs, articles, conference papers, preprints and more on HEC-HMS. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a literature review on HEC-HMS
Forks in the road to the first hematopoietic stem cells
The dual-potential HEC described by Hou et al. is distinct from a hemangioblast, a term used to describe an embryonic precursor of both hematopoietic and endothelial cells situated prior to the ...
HEC Research Awards Eligibility Criteria
Research articles only published in a W-category journal in HEC Journal Recognition System (HJRS) are eligible
Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook
Interest in the advancement of hydrokinetic energy conversion (HEC) technology has grown substantially in recent years. The hydrokinetic industry has advanced beyond the initial testing phase and will soon install demonstration projects with arrays of full-scale devices. By reviewing the current state of the industry and the cutting edge research this paper identifies the key advancements ...
Earlier routine induction of labor ...
Health Economics is an international health policy journal publishing articles on all aspects of global health economics and health care systems.
Faculty & Research
HEC Paris is one of the world's top research schools in economics and management. Our faculty push the boundaries of knowledge by producing the highest quality research. They aim to have an impact on pedagogy, management practices, public policies and society at large.Research conducted at HEC Paris comprises both disciplinary and cross-disciplinary work, with a unique combination of ...
Writing a good dissertation or thesis
Citation management software allows you to keep a database of the sources you use (books, journal articles, websites, etc.) when doing research. You can then select them when you cite your sources in your written work and automatically produce bibliographies from the citations you have included. The Learning Center offers an article on the use ...
Information Systems and Operations Management
Information Systems and Operations Management. Research in the Department of Information Systems and Operations Management includes topics such as supply chain, purchasing, procurement and logistics, sustainable operations, green supply chain, information technology, e-business Strategy, e-government and off-shoring, virtual worlds, online ...
HEC Journeys: The Path of the Consultant
Delve into the journey of HEC Paris MBA participants as they navigate career transformations, with a spotlight on consulting. Discover the comprehensive support provided by HEC Talents, insights from the Consulting Club, and the program's emphasis on diversity, values, and customization. Uncover how HEC cultivates leaders equipped for the dynamic consulting landscape.

DIGITAL LIBRARY

Announcements

IEEE Quiz for Engineering and Technology Pakistan 2013-14

Welcome to Our DL Website!

Useful links

Research Publications by Universities/DAIs 2011 & 2012

JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS

Important links

Download HEC recognized journals list PDF

Steps to download the list of HEC Recognized Journals

How to check HEC recognized journals?

HEC recognized journals under Different Areas

More Posts related to the Research Journals

Share this:

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Submission guidelines

After acceptance

Open access publishing

Instructions for Authors

Permissions

Online Submission

Source Files

Statements and Declarations

Text Formatting

Abbreviations

Acknowledgments

Reference list

Electronic Figure Submission

Halftone Art

Combination Art

Figure Lettering

Figure Numbering

Figure Captions

Figure Placement and Size

Accessibility

Generative AI Images

Audio, Video, and Animations

Text and Presentations

Spreadsheets

Specialized Formats

Collecting Multiple Files

Processing of supplementary files

Chinese (中文)

Japanese (日本語)

Korean (한국어)

Fundamental errors

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authorship clarified

Disclosures and declarations

Data transparency

Role of the Corresponding Author

Author contributions

Affiliation

Changes to authorship

Author identification

Deceased or incapacitated authors

Authorship issues or disputes

Confidentiality

Summary of requirements

Ethics approval

Retrospective ethics approval

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Ethics approval for case studies

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)

Clinical Trial Registration

Standards of reporting

Consent to Participate

Consent to Publish

Article publishing agreement

Color illustrations

Proof reading

Online First

Copyright and license term – CC BY

Forks in the road to the first hematopoietic stem cells

Author information

Corresponding author

Rights and permissions

About this article

Share this article

Quick links