No
Yes
Multivariate analysis of predictive factors of fast food consumption in under studied subjects.
Variables | Beta | SE of beta | P value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Single marital status | 1.12 | 0.453 | 0.013 | 3.08 (1.26-5.01) |
Nongovernmental university | 1.15 | 0.228 | 0.001 | 3.16 (1.81-5.62) |
Female gender | 1.08 | 0.312 | 0.001 | 2.96 (1.61-4.53) |
The adjusted variables in this model were job, educational level, field of study and type of university.
According to our results, 72.4% and 34% have used at least one type of the fast foods in recent month and recent week, respectively. It seems that the consumption of fast food in Qom students is high due to lack of recreational facilities and entertainment in this religious city. However, the fast food consumption in our study was lower than other studies [ 4 , 20 ]. Results of studies in students of King Faisal University reported that more than 90% of people used fast foods monthly that was higher our estimate. In addition, a same study in female students aged 18 to 25 years showed that 47.1% had fast food consumption for two or more time per week [ 5 ].
The obesity prevalence in our study was estimated 21.3% and 33.2%, based on BMI and WHR, respectively. In a previous study, the obesity/overweight prevalence was 29.7% 5 and nearly half of them used fast foods. Moreover, in Shah et al. study, more than 34% of Chinese medical students were pre-obese and obese [ 4 ].
According to our results WHR was significantly different between subjects who used and not used fast food while, the difference in BMI was not significant. Therefore, fast food consumption was related to WHR, but did not related to BMI. In addition, consumption of sandwich, fried chicken and pizza were associated with obesity/overweight based BMI. Same direct association were demonstrated the association between fast food consumption and overweight/obesity in different studies [ 10 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 22 ]. Fast foods are poor in micronutrients, low in fiber, high energy density, high in glycemic load9 and large portion size with sugar [ 4 ] and could be more energetic than the daily energy requirements [ 6 , 9 ]. In addition, the average energy density of an entire menu in fast food restaurant is approximately more than twice the energy density of a healthy menu [ 22 ]. According to some studies [ 3 , 22 , 23 ] obesity is the core of some important non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes [ 12 , 22 , 23 ]. Increase in energy density of diet by fat or sugar, together with concomitant eating behaviors like snacking, binge eating and eating out; promote unhealthy weight gain through passive overconsumption of energy [ 4 , 6 ].
Fast food consumption is positively related to overweight and obesity due to extremely high energy density of these foods [ 6 , 22 ]. Moreover, a study a significant association was observed between BMI and fast food consumption [ 4 ]. Two commonly eaten fast foods including fried foods and hotdogs have been associated with risk of obesity and weight gain [ 22 ]. Moreover, fast food consumption was related to general obesity in female adolescents. Moreover, obesity/overweight was significantly associated with frequency of fast food consumption [ 5 ].
This study found the prevalence of obesity was higher in females, while the prevalence of fast food consumption was higher in males. However, male students who are married are more interesting to eating fast food and it might be due to the religious culture of Qom as the most religious city of Iran. In the other hand, the single female students are not free to go in fast food restaurants than married ones. Moreover, three variables including marital status, type of university and gender are the most associated factors of fast food consumption. Based on our results in multivariate model, both studying in nongovernmental University and being single increase the odds of fast food consumption more than three fold. Moreover, female students used fast food 2.9 folds more than male students. The main reasons of students for fast food consumption are taste and comfort to access to these foods and lack of cooking skills [ 5 ]. The higher fast foods consumption in females and single students might related to lower wasting time in android social networks than male students [ 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, since in nongovernmental university the price of kitchen food is high, the students are more interesting to have eating in fast food restaurants. However, the fast food prevalence is high in students and teenagers probably due to low cost [ 4 , 16 ]. Nevertheless, because comfort accesses to fast food the corresponding expenditures are rising among people [ 15 ]. Moreover, the price of health outcomes of consequences of fast food consumption are more expensive and need to more investigations [ 9 , 15 ].
We could not measure the morphometric characters and adipocity measures of students as other body compositions indexes. Moreover, lack of cooperation of students for anthropometric measurements was another limitation of the current study.
The prevalence of fast food consumption and obesity/overweight in Iranian student is high. Studying in nongovernmental University, being single and females were associated with fast food consumption to three fold. Fast food consumption could have associated to abdominal obesity based WHR to 46%, but was not related to general obesity based on BMI. However, this study showed the different effect of fast foods on abdominal and general obesity as a hypothesis. Future studies need to determine the pure effect of fast food consumption on different dimensions of obesity.
The relationship between demographic variables and fast food consumption.
Used fast food | Not-used fast food | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | N | % | N | % | P value |
Gender Female Male | 126 92 | 67.4 80.7 | 61 22 | 32.6 19.3 | 0.008 |
Marital status Single Married | 176 42 | 69.8 85.7 | 76 7 | 30.2 14.3 | 0.015 |
Job Student Employed | 191 24 | 72.1 66.6 | 74 10 | 27.1 34.4 | 0.547 |
Education level BSc MSc | 161 56 | 70.0 81.0 | 49 13 | 30.0 19.0 | 0.040 |
University Governmental Nongovernmental | 94 124 | 62.3 82.7 | 57 26 | 37.7 17.3 | 0.001 |
Field of education Medical sciences Basic sciences | 161 57 | 70.0 81.4 | 69 13 | 30.0 18.6 | 0.040 |
Residency place at night Own home Parent’s home University dormitories | 41 126 49 | 78.8 71.6 70.0 | 11 50 21 | 21.2 28.4 30.0 | 0.632 |
The authors would like to thank the research Vice-Chancellor of Qom University of Medical Sciences for financial supporting of this work. They are also grateful students who participated in this study.
Funding source: Qom University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest statement
None declared.
Authors' contributions
AM: contributions to the conception, design of the work; analysis, and interpretation of data and Final approval of article.AA: contributions the acquisition and analysis of data for the work and Drafting the article. EM: contributions to the conception or design of the work; interpretation of data for the work; and Final approval of the article. SA: contributions to the conception or design of the work; interpretation of data for the work; and Final approval of the article. SK: contributions to the conception or design of the work analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; and Final approval of the article.HA: contributions to the conception, design of the work; analysis, and interpretation of data and Final approval of article.
This Day In History : January 31
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The Soviet Union’s first McDonald’s fast food restaurant opens in Moscow. Throngs of people line up to pay the equivalent of several days’ wages for Big Macs, shakes and french fries.
The appearance of this notorious symbol of capitalism and the enthusiastic reception it received from the Russian people were signs that times were changing in the Soviet Union . An American journalist on the scene reported the customers seemed most amazed at the “simple sight of polite shop workers…in this nation of commercial boorishness.” A Soviet journalist had a more practical opinion, stating that the restaurant was “the expression of America’s rationalism and pragmatism toward food.” He also noted that the “contrast with our own unrealized pretensions is both sad and challenging.”
For the average Russian customer, however, visiting the restaurant was less a political statement than an opportunity to enjoy a small pleasure in a country still reeling from disastrous economic problems and internal political turmoil.
The arrival of McDonald’s in Moscow was a small but certain sign that change was on the horizon. In fact, less than two years later, the Soviet Union ceased to exist as a nation, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as leader of the country, and various Soviet republics proclaimed their independence. As the American newsman reported, the first Russian McDonald’s customers “had seen the future, and it works, at least as far as their digestive tract.”
D-day is postponed.
The death of guy fawkes, truman announces development of h-bomb, apollo 14 departs for the moon, viet cong attack u.s. embassy.
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Germans unleash u-boats, doug williams leads redskins to super bowl victory, house passes the 13th amendment.
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The farm-to-table concept has been around for a while, but some couples expect more than simply fresh cuisine at their wedding. They want to be fully immersed in the farm experience.
By Alix Strauss
Last October, Matthew Steinberg and Michelle Schwartz married in front of 100 guests in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, atop a thriving roof-deck farm overlooking the Manhattan skyline.
The cocktail hour was held outside, and photos of the couple were taken as they stood between crop beds. “It was cool to see people picking peppers on the property, and knowing hours later we were drinking them with tequila,” Mr. Steinberg, 30, a freelance TV editor, said of the pepper margaritas that were served.
Brooklyn Grange, which runs the rooftop facility, hosts around 45 weddings from April through November at its Sunset Park and Brooklyn Navy Yard locations. Rates start at $13,500 for a maximum of 150 people at Sunset Park and $6,000 for 50 or less at the Navy Yard.
The fully functioning, sustainably cultured farms grow botanicals, which are used in cocktails, as well as wildflowers for décor and various produce that is handpicked by staffers and incorporated into catered meals.
“To look at a plant or produce growing, while simultaneously consuming and tasting it in your drink or on your plate, and to look at wildflowers blooming and to see them arranged on your table, brings a deep, intensified full-circle connection between you, nature, and of all of these elements and experiences,” said Anastasia Cole Plakias, a founder of Brooklyn Grange. “The idea of farm to table is changing. Now you’re coming to the food, and the table is in the farm.”
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Look at the exam question and essay and do the exercises to improve your writing skills. Reading. Check your understanding: matching. Check your vocabulary: gap fill. Check your writing: multiple choice. Check your vocabulary: gap fill. Worksheets and downloads. An opinion essay about fast food - exercises 860.68 KB.
Sample Essay 1. Fast food has become a trend in many countries. While the consumption of junk food has increased drastically over the past decades, some believe that it has affected our lifestyle too much. I strongly agree with this statement because, in addition to making us lazy, this type of food causes deadly diseases as it lacks required ...
Fast food, a convenient and readily available option, has significant effects on individuals' health and the broader society. This cause and effect essay delves into the reasons why people consume fast food and examines its far-reaching consequences on physical well-being, cultural practices, and the economy.
Obesity comes because fast food is the factor that enriches the body with fats. So people will become less healthy, less effective, and less productive, and this is the conclusion of obesity (Adams, 2007, pp. 155). Another serious effect of the popularity of fast food presences is the loss of the family tradition of eating together.
In conclusion, while greater access to fast food offers convenience, affordability, and menu diversity, it also presents significant disadvantages such as health concerns, environmental issues, and a potential decline in home cooking. Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages largely depends on an individual's choices and lifestyle.
128 Brilliant Fast Food Essay Topics & Examples. Updated: Feb 24th, 2024. 16 min. The phenomenon of comfort food that takes a short time to prepare and tastes good has become extremely popular in the world, with chains such as McDonalds having an enormous global presence. However, the adverse health effects associated with the emergence of fast ...
The bar graph displays the consumption of fast food in five different countries in 2010 and 2020. Summarize the data and analyze any significant trends. In many countries traditional food is being replaced by international fast food. Some claim that this has negative effects on both families and societies.
Stay focused on the same main idea. Finish with a strong statement. 1. Secondly, fast food is one of the least healthy possible additions to an individual's diet. 2. Healthy foods tend to be fresh fruits and vegetables and fast food consists largely of preservatives, chemicals and addictive fats, sugars and carbohydrates.
This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of fast food becoming cheaper and more available and the advantages/disadvantages. There is one element to this question that makes it a bit tricky. It asks for advantageS and disadvantageS - plural. That means you must have 2 per paragraph and still development them fully.
Fast Foods Popularity: Causes and Effects Essay. According to Schlosser, the expansion of the fast-food industry is influenced by major adjustments in American culture. This resulted from the lowering of the hourly wage of most US workers from 1970. This made many mothers seek other jobs where most of them work outside their homes.
One of the most obvious threats to excessive eating fast food is obesity, which, in turn, leads to a number of diseases, creating an unnecessary burden on vital organs. Such food also has a negative effect on bones. This is mainly due to the fact that they contain sodium and other additives, which weakens bones.
People may view fast food as a modern way of getting food nowadays. It is delicious. It is convenient to buy and to eat. It is cheaper than many other kinds of food. ... Pestel Factors Impacting U.S. Fast Food Industry Essay. Fast food is a type of food prepared quickly and served as a takeaway or quick meal usually involving reheating cooked ...
In conclusion, despite the boons for enjoyment and the economy, fast food is a negative taken as a whole given its impact on well-being. It is therefore important to regulate fast food companies to curb their influence. Fast Food: Vocabulary. of the belief believe; ubiquity common; enjoyment like a lot; economic positives helps the economy
Essay 1-. Fast food has steadily become an intrinsic component of our daily lives, and while it keeps attaining popularity, there is a need to review its advantages and disadvantages. We cannot deny that fast food ushers in lifestyle ailments and health problems for its consumers and society. Fast food contains lipids in excessive amounts ...
1. The advantages of fast food vary according to the segment of society in question. 2. Individuals get enjoyment out of fast food, the clearest evidence of which is its popularity. 3. Fast food is also relatively cheap and, as its name suggests, saves time. 4. For families, the advantages are similar. 5.
It has been noticed that in today's society that fast. food. are much for accessible these days than in the past. Some. believe. is it a positive development as we are leading a much busier lifestyle than two decades ago and. therefore. it offers a sense of convenience not having to cook in the evening, however.
Essay About Fast Food: Food is a significant piece of any culture and society all throughout the planet. Until the last century, a great many people used to eat new, home-prepared food. Eating was a cycle that necessary certain arrangements. ... Additionally, you may likewise see how heftiness becoming normal nowadays. It is an extremely ...
Nowadays, people in some countries tend to think that owning their home is more important than renting one. This choice has a number of benefits and drawbacks, which will be discussed in this essay. <4. band. Social media helps people to keep in touch with friends and stay on top of news and events.
The simple idea of using "fast-food serving system" as McDonald's priority made this company developed widely. As a fact, McDonald's idea was also solved the problem of preventing people to wait for a long time while waiting for their food in California, where McDonald's firstly opened (Success Story, 2016).
Nowadays, the prevalence of both fast food consumption and overweight/obesity has been increased. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of fast food consumption and to assess its association with abdominal and general obesity. In an analytical cross-sectional study, 300 students were selected randomly from two largest universities in Qom ...
March 5, 2022. While technology giants like Apple and luxury retailers like Hermès have quickly moved to pause sales or shutter stores in Russia over the invasion of Ukraine, most U.S. food ...
The Soviet Union's first McDonald's fast food restaurant opens in Moscow. Throngs of people line up to pay the equivalent of several days' wages for Big Macs, shakes and french fries. The ...
McDonald's restaurants are reopening in Russia this weekend, but without the Golden Arches. After the American fast-food giant pulled out this spring to protest President Vladimir V. Putin's ...
The farm-to-table concept has long meant harvesting agricultural products and distributing fresh, seasonal food locally to retailers, restaurants, farmers' markets, or even directly to customers.