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127 Hurricane Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

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Hurricanes are powerful and destructive natural disasters that can cause widespread damage and devastation. As such, they are a popular topic for essays and research papers in various academic disciplines. If you're looking for inspiration for your next hurricane essay, you've come to the right place. In this article, we've compiled a list of 127 hurricane essay topic ideas and examples to help you get started.

• The science behind hurricanes: How do they form and what factors contribute to their intensity?
• The history of hurricanes: What are some of the most devastating hurricanes in history?
• The impact of hurricanes on the environment: How do hurricanes affect ecosystems and wildlife?
• The social and economic impacts of hurricanes: How do hurricanes affect communities and economies?
• Hurricane preparedness and response: What measures can be taken to mitigate the effects of hurricanes and protect lives and property?
• The role of climate change in influencing hurricane activity: How is climate change affecting the frequency and intensity of hurricanes?
• The psychological effects of hurricanes on survivors: How do hurricanes impact the mental health of those affected?
• Hurricane forecasting and prediction: How do scientists predict the path and intensity of hurricanes?
• The role of technology in monitoring and tracking hurricanes: How have advancements in technology improved our ability to predict and respond to hurricanes?
• Hurricane relief efforts: What are some of the challenges and successes of providing aid to hurricane-affected areas?
• The impact of hurricanes on coastal communities: How do hurricanes affect coastal cities and towns?
• The relationship between hurricanes and climate change: How is climate change influencing the frequency and intensity of hurricanes?
• The role of government agencies in preparing for and responding to hurricanes: How do FEMA and other agencies assist in hurricane relief efforts?
• The impact of hurricanes on vulnerable populations: How do hurricanes disproportionately affect low-income communities and marginalized groups?
• The role of media coverage in shaping public perception of hurricanes: How do media outlets portray hurricanes and their aftermath?
• The economic costs of hurricanes: How do hurricanes impact local economies and industries?
• The long-term effects of hurricanes on communities: How do communities recover and rebuild after a hurricane?
• The political implications of hurricanes: How do politicians and policymakers respond to hurricanes and their aftermath?
• The role of international aid in hurricane relief efforts: How do countries around the world assist each other in times of crisis?
• The cultural impact of hurricanes on affected communities: How do hurricanes shape the cultural identity of affected regions?
• The role of social media in disseminating information during hurricanes: How do platforms like Twitter and Facebook help spread news and updates during a storm?
• The impact of hurricanes on public health: How do hurricanes affect access to healthcare and medical services?
• The relationship between hurricanes and water quality: How do hurricanes impact water sources and sanitation systems?
• The role of emergency management agencies in preparing for hurricanes: How do agencies like NOAA and the National Hurricane Center monitor and track storms?
• The impact of hurricanes on wildlife and ecosystems: How do hurricanes affect animal populations and habitats?
• The role of community organizations in hurricane relief efforts: How do grassroots organizations and volunteers assist in recovery efforts?
• The psychological resilience of hurricane survivors: How do individuals cope with the trauma and stress of surviving a hurricane?
• The impact of hurricanes on infrastructure and transportation systems: How do hurricanes damage roads, bridges, and other vital infrastructure?
• The relationship between hurricanes and climate refugees: How do hurricanes contribute to displacement and migration?
• The role of insurance companies in assisting hurricane victims: How do insurance policies help homeowners and businesses recover from storm damage?
• The impact of hurricanes on agriculture and food security: How do hurricanes affect crop yields and food production?
• The role of international aid organizations in hurricane relief efforts: How do organizations like the Red Cross and UNICEF provide assistance to affected regions?
• The impact of hurricanes on mental health services: How do hurricanes strain resources and support systems for individuals with mental health conditions?
• The relationship between hurricanes and public safety: How do hurricanes impact emergency response times and public safety measures?
• The role of local governments in preparing for hurricanes: How do city and county officials coordinate evacuation plans and emergency shelters?
• The impact of hurricanes on tourism and the hospitality industry: How do hurricanes disrupt travel plans and tourism revenue?
• The role of NGOs in providing humanitarian aid during hurricanes: How do organizations like Oxfam and Save the Children assist in disaster relief efforts?
• The impact of hurricanes on education and schools: How do hurricanes disrupt the academic calendar and affect student performance?
• The relationship between hurricanes and climate justice: How do hurricanes exacerbate existing social and economic inequalities?
• The role of faith-based organizations in hurricane relief efforts: How do churches, mosques, and synagogues provide spiritual and material support to hurricane survivors?

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Essays on Hurricane

Writing a hurricane essay is exciting, as this natural phenomenon is terrifying and impressing in equal measure. Forces of nature are truly remarkable – when you see their power, you are often overcome with primal fear and realization of their vastness and your insignificance in comparison. Hurricanes are enormous storms that form over the water and are shaped like a swirl. When they reach land they can cause havoc and extreme destruction. You can explore their nature as well as the aftermath in hurricane essays. Humans were always drawn to powerful natural occurrences, so essays on hurricane, tornado, and tsunami essays are quite popular. In case you need some samples to draw inspiration for your essay, we prepared a variety of hurricane essay samples for you to review.

Storm systems typically generate in the tropic regions where the water is much warmer. I intend on providing evidence that because of the water temperature storm systems are created more intensely than the water in the northern hemisphere. The storms occur when a focal point of low pressure occurs having...

The Response to Hurricane Katrina The response to Hurricane Katrina is widely regarded as a failure. This is because of the level of attention directed towards homeland security following the attacks of 9/11 and creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) instead. The government appeared seemingly unable to provide an...

Different disciplines offer different perspectives of analyzing world events and activities and their impact on people. Sociology helps in understanding the social concepts underlying human behavior as well as the influence of the society to human behavior (Nath, 2018). According to Mills (1959), the sociological perspective in the approach to...

Words: 1205

Numerous natural catastrophes that have caused significant loss of life and property have plagued the world since the dawn of humanity. The hurricane stands out among these natural catastrophes. It is important to keep in mind that although natural deserters are typically out of human control right away, their impacts...

Hurricane Katrina and the Displacement of Refugees Hurricane Katrina drove the Katrina refugees to leave the southern part of the United States. People from the Orleans were among those who had been temporarily relocated to other towns. More than a million people were displaced by Katrina, making it the largest climate-driven...

One of the worst natural disasters in recorded history was Hurricane Katrina. The hurricane is regarded as one of the biggest hurricanes that proved to be expensive in terms of management throughout history, but particularly in the United States of America. It held the record for the most catastrophic hurricane...

Words: 2051

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The current event chosen for this project is Hurricane Irma, which occurred in the United States and neighboring islands. On September 10, 2017, at ten in the morning, a coast-to-coast battering with gusts reaching 130 mph started in Florida. The wind flips boats and houses, destroys power and communication, and...

Words: 1359

Have you ever seen the Coral Springs Museum? If you haven't already, you should go to this art and gallery show. On my visit to the Coral Museum, I was able to see a variety of photographs featuring the work of Charcoal artist Virginia Fifield. The Contemplation Hurricane is Virginia's...

Words: 1068

Hurricanes are classified into five categories, with category five being the most catastrophic and category one being the mildest but still deadly. Hurricanes cause trauma to casualties and have a huge impact on a region's economic status. Since low-income earners lack the means to relocate, these natural disasters have been...

Words: 1839

Hurricanes and Their Impacts Hurricanes have recently ravaged the western hemisphere, causing untold devastation to those who live there. They include, but are not limited to, the loss of life and property damage. As a result, it is critical that people become aware of the precautions that should be taken to...

Words: 1191

Normal physical conditions have an effect on the beach and the shoreline. Natural events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, winds, and tides all have an effect on beaches. Many of these causes have varying effects on the shoreline and beach. Following the beach assessment, it was discovered that the tides had...

Words: 1027

Weather analysts describe Hurricane Harvey as an extraordinary storm Weather analysts have described Hurricane Harvey as an extraordinary storm that has exceeded even the most pessimistic weather predictions. Flooding caused major damage in areas of Houston and Southeast Texas, as well as the death of civilians, among other tragic actions. Many...

Words: 1182

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Essay Samples on Hurricane

Hurricane maria: analysis of its devastating impact on puerto rico.

The effects of Hurricane Maria on the US territory of Puerto Rico were lots of damage, political unrest, homelessness and loss of life. According to multiple sources the loss of human life, the widespread property damage and sociological damage were beyond anything the island territory...

• Natural Disasters

Exploring How Hurricane Harvey Psychologically Affected Survivors

How hurricanes affect us psychologically is not a commonly asked question in public but the effects show. Hurricane Harvey of 2017 affected survivors not only physically but mentally. Normally, we look towards problems that we can automatically see but studies show that mental effects of...

Temporary Coalition to Deal With Hurricane Katrina

On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans, approximately 1883 persons lost their lives, mostly children and elderly. Many people lost their homes, businesses, and most of the town infrastructure was devastated, as a result of engineering system levee, sea wall failure, and intergovernmental...

• Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina And Its Effects On New Orleans

Before the Storm The tropical depression that became Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas around August 23, 2005. By August 28 evacuations were going on across the region. New Orleans was the most at risk. Although half the city lies above sea level, its average...

Natural Disasters: Why Hurricane Happens

The word 'hurricane' refers to violence that comes from the tropical or subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Caribbean, Mexican, or North Pacific. This term is used to describe the Gulf of Mexico. To be able to keep active, hurricanes need warm tropical waters, moisture, and...

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The Impact Of Hurricane Katrina

The impact of the failure of the New Orleans Levee System after Hurricane Katrina took place was significant and long-lasting. Hurricane Katrina was quick to become the most expensive disaster in United States history and one of the worst. It impacted areas from southeast Louisiana...

History Of The Hurricane Camille

Beginning on August 14, 1969, Hurricane Camille traveled through the East Coast, with the most damage in Alabama, Virginia, Florida, and landfall in Mississippi and Cuba. Hurricane Camille has been named the second most intense hurricane, the third strongest tropical cyclone, and is one of...

Comparison Of The Damage Inflicted By Hurricane Maria And Joplin Tornado

Hurricane Maria and Joplin’s tornado were both lethal cases of extreme weather that resulted in billions of dollars in damage, destroyed the livelihoods and houses of all in its paths, and resulted in many casualties. This essay will be comparing the two events in terms...

Hurricane Sandy Disaster Response And Aftermath

Introduction On October 22nd 2012, a hurricane out of season began to form south of Jamaica heading north. This was Hurricane Sandy, the 4th most costly hurricane ($65bn) to hit the USA (NOAA, 2018). Sandy made landfall as a Category-1 in Jamaica and upgraded to...

• Hurricane Sandy

The Awful Environmental Injustices Exposed By Hurricane Sandy

When Hurricane Sandy tore through the New York City Metropolitan Area on October 29th, 2012, it immediately became one of the costliest natural disasters in American history. The image that the country saw of Hurricane Sandy was mainly images of Manhattan streets being flooded in...

Why Florida Civilians Refuse to Follow Hurricane Dorian Evacuation Protocol

Hurricane Dorian is a category five hurricane that formed over the Central Atlantic as merely a tropical wave on August 24th, 2019. The storm became a hurricane on August 28th as it reached north of the Greater Antilles. Dorian reached its peak of one hundred...

Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina and Sandy and Recovery from Disasters

Abstract This paper goes over the different articles provided in HSEM 456 class on how poorly or well-prepared leadership was during Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy, what they failed to learn from previous incidents from Hurricane Katrina and Sandy. This will go over whether or...

Reflection and the Aftermath After Hurricane Sandy

When Hurricane Sandy was making its way north across the Caribbean, it was creating a predictably large storm. However, due to its route prediction model been produces many different scenarios which made it impossible to reach an accurate consensus on the threat. Therefore, the first...

The Evolution of Federal Emergency Management Agency during Hurricanes

According to the Emergency Management textbook, Rubin wrote how the Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA was founded on April 1 1979. When President Jimmy Carter enacted one of his executive orders in 1979 he merged, essentially all disaster related organizations into the oversight of...

The Harm of Price Gouging After Natural Disasters

Natural disasters like Hurricane Harvey are always trailed by wellbeing concerns and vagrancy but one main topic always forgotten about after such disasters is the issues with price gouging. The web is blooming with takes on how price gouging is beneficial but in reality it...

The Facts about My Hometown

The hometown that I grew up in is the big city of Charlotte North Carolina. In Charlotte the weather is very much so average. The summers are hot and muggy and the winters are cold and wet. Charlotte is located right in the middle of...

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Earthquakes: The Most Dangerous Natural Disaster of All

Imagine attending a major university in Texas such as Texas State University or Texas A&M. You are nearly 100 miles from the Gulf Coast, yet your classes are closed due to flooding from Hurricane Harvey. An inconvenience, yes, but this is hardly a life-threatening natural...

Demystifying Hurricane Florence Through A Geographic Perspective

For a hurricane that reached landfall at “category 1”, the resultant effect, damages and response it has garnered over the past few days of its inception is nothing close to that of a category 1. With over 1 million people displaced and without power, 43...

Best topics on Hurricane

1. Hurricane Maria: Analysis of Its Devastating Impact on Puerto Rico

2. Exploring How Hurricane Harvey Psychologically Affected Survivors

3. Temporary Coalition to Deal With Hurricane Katrina

4. Hurricane Katrina And Its Effects On New Orleans

5. Natural Disasters: Why Hurricane Happens

6. The Impact Of Hurricane Katrina

7. History Of The Hurricane Camille

8. Comparison Of The Damage Inflicted By Hurricane Maria And Joplin Tornado

9. Hurricane Sandy Disaster Response And Aftermath

10. The Awful Environmental Injustices Exposed By Hurricane Sandy

11. Why Florida Civilians Refuse to Follow Hurricane Dorian Evacuation Protocol

12. Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina and Sandy and Recovery from Disasters

13. Reflection and the Aftermath After Hurricane Sandy

14. The Evolution of Federal Emergency Management Agency during Hurricanes

15. The Harm of Price Gouging After Natural Disasters

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Hurricane Essay Examples & Topics

• Air Pollution
• Animal Rights
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• Climate Change
• Deforestation
• Endangered Species
• Environmental Issues
• Global Warming
• Greenhouse Effect
• Natural Disasters
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The Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Communities

1. Introduction Nations are not equally vulnerable to the dire impacts of climate change. In particular, the majority of people who are likely to be most severely affected live in low-lying coastal areas of developing countries. This report extends understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on these communities, which are currently home to hundreds of millions of people. In addition, climate change is expected to intensify the current rapid rate of urbanization in these developing ...

My Hurricane Experience Essay

1. Introduction This report was prepared in response to an unusual request from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at a time when two major hurricanes, Katrina and Rita, hit the United States on the Gulf Coast at an interval of less than a month. Rather than discussing costs and impacts at large (and vast), national, or state levels that relate mainly to disaster response systems, especially those at the federal level (military, FEMA, etc.), the request was to focus on the larg ...

Hurricane Katrina: Emergency Response Essay

1. Introduction to Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina, one of the most devastating natural disasters in U.S. history, made landfall on August 29, 2005. This Category 5 hurricane caused widespread destruction along the Gulf Coast, particularly in the city of New Orleans. The impact of Hurricane Katrina was catastrophic, resulting in the loss of thousands of lives, the displacement of millions of people, and causing billions of dollars in damage. The sheer force of Hurricane Katrina overwhelmed ...

The Hurricane Katrina Disaster

1. Introduction Hurricane Katrina was one of the most devastating storms in United States' history, with extensive flooding, death, and destruction in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. The storm itself, as well as its political and social aftermath, has arguably affected the US in many different ways, and - given its unique nature as a recent and widespread disaster - continues to do so. The natural and social sciences are increasingly looking at how such events can act as a catalyst for cha ...

Hurricane Topic Ideas to Write about & Essay Samples

1. Introduction Hurricane hazards are increasing due to both global climate change and increasing coastal population. Consequently, hurricanes cost not only more lives and infrastructure damages, but also economic disruptions at unprecedented levels. With the increasing hazards, hurricanes' decreases in socioeconomic impacts in the last decade are far less than expected. There is a heightening concern in the US coastal communities about the adverse effects of future hurricanes on the coastal re ...

How to Prepare for a Hurricane? Essay

1. Introduction Hurricanes are severe tropical storms that form in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Heavy rains and powerful winds can cause widespread destruction. Since hurricane season in the United States is from June 1 to November 30, US citizens must be prepared for these storms. Preparations need to begin early, even before you know that a hurricane will make landfall near you. However, hurricane preparations must be made more ...

Natural Disasters: Tornadoes, Earthquakes, and Hurricanes

1. Introduction to Natural Disasters Natural disasters impact every country and region around the world. Hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes are often discussed in the mass media as these natural disasters can lead to a large amount of damage and loss of life. In the public perception, natural disasters are often seen as ubiquitous, that is, they can occur everywhere and at every time. They are caused by catastrophic forces of nature that occur sporadically. These catastrophic events develop ...

Hurricanes Causes and Effects Research Paper

1. Introduction Hurricanes are severe tropical storms with strong winds. They are known to bring heavy rainfall, and nearly all coastal regions will experience a direct hit from a hurricane with its fierce winds and a "warning" taking place when a hurricane will hit the specific coastal region within 24-36 hours. It is essential to fully understand the severe weather because this will enable people to take the necessary precautions when a warning is announced. Damage can be reduced if proper pr ...

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• Hurricanes Essays

Hurricanes Essays (Examples)

722+ documents containing “hurricanes” .

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Hurricane hugo the hurricane season in the.

Hurricane Hugo The hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean begins runs from June to November, with the majority of activity coming in the middle of that season. Hurricanes typically begin life as low pressure systems over the ocean that, facing no obstacles (land), can gain in power such that their windspeeds increase to very high levels. When these hit land, they cause immense damage. Storms bring with them rain and waves, but are classified by their windspeeds. In the Atlantic, storms are categorized using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The first level of storm is a tropical depression, with speeds in excess of 38 mph. Once a storm becomes a tropical storm, it is named, and then once it becomes a hurricane it goes through five more categories. The highest, five, is a severely destructive storm if it makes landfall. Weaker hurricanes are destructive in the Caribbean and Central America, where….

References:

Masters, J. (no date). Remembering Hurricane Hugo. Weather Underground. In possession of the author.

Parker, L. & Booth, W. (1989). Hurricane Hugo rips through South Carolina. Washington Post. Retrieved November 4, 2013 from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/weather/hurricane/poststories/hugo-sc.htm 

Washington, W. (2009). How SC would react to Hugo now. The State Retrieved November 4, 2013 from http://www.thestate.com/2009/09/22/952983/how-sc-would-react-to-hugo-now.html

Hurricane Sandy Issues and Arguments

So that is one step we can take. Here is a different one. Nowadays we regularly file environmental impact statements showing the insinuation for the environment of this or that responsibility (a new strip mine, an undeveloped establishment another airport, a dump yard…you can provide any one of hundreds of examples). e ought to in this similar fashion file statements showing the force of real estate development; the building of structures, dams, and levees; and other main projects -- on the augmented vulnerability to hazards they will compel on others. In this politically charged climate, this will look like to many like another unrequited federal "undertaking," but why should my self-determination extend to building a levee to defend my property that will augment the risk to your property downstream on that same river? Should I not have to check with you? The obligation for Environmental Impact Statements prompted numerous complaints at….

Works Cited

Strasser; Annie-Rose. Conservatives Bash Christie for Cooperating With Obama Post-Sandy. ThinkProgress - Election. Oct 31, 2012

Kirkland, Joel. Energy Became Surprise Issue in Bitter Presidential Race. E&E reporter. http://www.accuweather.com/en/features/sandy/energy_became_surprise_issue_i/1182402

Hurricane Sandy: Covering the Storm,  http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/10/28/nyregion/hurricane-sandy.html 

Serna, Joseph. Hurricane Sandy death toll climbs above 110, N.Y. hardest hit. Los Angeles Times. November 03, 2012.

Hurricane Sandy Communication by FHA

The linear model of communication contains the following components: Who? Says What? To Whom? What Effect? In What Context? This model could have been applied not only between the FHA and insured home owners, but also between the FHA and other agencies attempting to mitigate the situation. This would have relieved much of the anxiety and stressed experienced by already unhappy, stressed citizens, as suggested by the social exchange model of communication. According to this model, communication is social interaction. What this means in practice is that the communication media we have today could have served much better as a mitigator of conflicting information and the stress associated with this. Although the FHA (2013) has placed a large amount of information on its Web site, it could also have made use of social media such as Facebook and even Twitter to maintain brief updates. These could have created a much better basis of reassurance than….

Barron, J., Lipton, E., and Rivera, R. (2012, Nov. 5). With $200 Million in U.S. Housing Aid, Officials Begin Relocating the Displaced. Retrieved from:  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/06/nyregion/housing-relocation-begins-after-hurricane-sandy.html?_r=0 

CBS News (2012, Nov. 6). Sandy-affected homeowners face long insurance wait. Retrieved from:  http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57545785/sandy-affected-homeowners-face-long-insurance-wait/ 

CBS News (2012, Nov. 6). Sandy Victims' Concerns: Voting, housing, power. Retrieved from:  http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57545592/sandy-victims-concerns-voting-housing-power/ 

Federal Housing Administration (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from:  http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/FHAFAQ

Hurricanes and Global Warming the

It is well-known that tropical cyclones form over warm water and it is the heat in the water from which they get their energy. Therefore it is reasonable to believe that warmer waters could increase hurricane intensity and activity. armer waters would translate into more energy to fuel the tropical cyclone and make their effects more pronounced. There is also evidence that global warming is contributing to changing circulation patterns. Sea level rise due to warmer conditions which melts glaciers and sea ice can have a number of implications for the Earth's storm patterns. Many climate models have suggested that with warmer temperatures there would be higher wind speeds in hurricanes. In fact, one study shows a 70% increase since the mid-1970s of an index of hurricane activity related to the total power dissipation, which is proportional to the cube of the maximum wind speed, integrated over the lifetime of….

Anthes, R., Corell, R., Holland, G., Hurrell, J., MacCrackin, M., & Trenberth, K. (2006). Hurricanes and Global Warming - Potential Linkages and Consequences. Bulletin of the American Meteoroligical Society, 623-628.

Hurricane Sandy Emergency Preparedness Relief

disaster? The most important way to prepare for disasters like these is by stockpiling resources and developing adequate resource funding and distribution channels. As Bucci, et al. (2012) point out, the states of New Jersey and New York were fully dependent on FEMA and other federal funds; those two states had absolutely no contingency plans and no state-level disaster relief funds. Moreover, by the time Sandy hit, FEMA resources had been overstretched. FEMA resources should not be used for relatively minor events (Bucci, et al., 2012). Instead, FEMA resources should be managed more efficiently so that when major disasters like these occur, resources are available. Individuals can prepare for a disaster in a similar way. Stockpiling resources requires setting aside as much space as possible for essential items for survival like canned food and water, as well as extra jerry cans of gas for vehicles. Families who can afford it should….

Bucci, S, P. et al. (2012). After Hurricane Sandy: Time to Learn and Implement the Lessons in Preparedness, Response, and Resilience. Retrieved online:  http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/10/after-hurricane-sandy-time-to-learn-and-implement-the-lessons 

CDC (2013). Hurricane Sandy: What Have We Learned? Retrieved online:  http://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2013/05/hurricane-sandy-what-have-we-learned/ 

Gurian, S. (2014). Two years after hurricane Sandy, New Jersey's recovery trudges along. NJSpotlight. Retrieved online:  http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/14/10/29/two-years-after-hurricane-sandy-new-jersey-s-recovery-trudges-along/

Hurricane Maria Impact on Puerto Rico

Introduction Hurricane Maria slammed into Puerto Rico in September 2017, just two weeks of Hurricane Irma had passed through. The Category 5 Maria was bad enough—but the fact that it came on the heels of Irma, also a Category 5 storm made it all the more devastating. Puerto Rico had not even had time to recover from Irma, which had set it up against the ropes, when Maria entered and put the island territory into dire straits. This paper will discuss the impact of Maria on the Puerto Rico population, what aid and response was delivered in support of the community, the strengths and deficiencies of the cultural competency of the response, and what recommendations as a program manager could be made to enhance cultural competency. Impact on Populations Puerto Rico’s population was already in poor condition prior to Maria making landfall. Irma still had some 100,000 people without power when Maria hit,….

Hurricane Sandy Emergency Preparedness

Unlike earthquakes, hurricanes offer a small window for immediate, acute emergency preparedness that can help members of the public at least get their families to safety. Hurricane Sandy was no different, but while the media did provide ample warnings that the hurricane was coming and to be prepared, the during and after stages of the event were not handled as well as they could have been in many communities on the Jersey Shore. Frank Timmerman, a homeowner, complains about several issues related more to responsiveness than to preparation. "We had filled up the tank with gas and were ready to evacuate as soon as we were ordered to do so, we had ample water and tinned food supplies, and we had flashlights, batteries, candles, and all that other stuff. We also took as many precautions as we could to secure our house and make sure to minimize property damage. Thankfully….

Bucci, S.P., et al. (n.d.). After hurricane Sandy. Retrieved online:  http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/10/after-hurricane-sandy-time-to-learn-and-implement-the-lessons 

Goldberg, D. (2012). Hurricane Sandy response. Retrieved online:  http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/sandy_proves_importance_of_com.html

Hurricanes That Wracked Florida During

Probably the largest bias is the confirmation bias, where decision makers tend to focus on information that supports their opinion. By failing to be prepared for the hurricanes and the extreme weather that caused flights to be grounded, the companies participated in a confirmation bias by assuming things would go their way. The companies also made a crucial mistake when talking to the media before the problem was sorted out. 3. In all three of the cases, companies had to deal with the constraint of the situation being far out of their hands. None could control the weather and none could accurately predict the voracity of the natural disasters. Similarly, the companies had to deal with the constraint of business. Because the companies were large conglomerates, a chain of command had to be followed. No one person could nor was he or she responsible for making large decisions on his….

Analysis Hurricane Sandy and Katrina

Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy Tropical cyclones can badly destroy settlements and structures along the coast. ecent destructive tropical cyclones such as the 2005 Katrina and the Sandy which happened in 2012 affirm that the destruction caused by a land-falling tropical cyclone is not merely dependent on its categorization on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale. The hurricane Sandy of 2012 caused a lot of destruction. Only the hurricane Katrina which happened in 2005 has caused more damage than Sandy. To reduce casualties from such calamities, the public needs to react promptly to any pre-storm decisions made by authorities (Kantha, 2013). Government's esponse to Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina was indeed an out of the ordinary occurrence that brought with it great tragedy. Destroying a vast area of land, approximately 90000 square miles, it is the natural disaster that has caused most destruction in the history of America. Consider the fact that the area covered is….

Adamski, T., Kline, B., & Tyrrell, T. (2006).FEMA Reorganization and the Response to Hurricane Disaster Relief. Retrieved from  http://www.asu.edu/mpa/FEMAReorganization.pdf 

ABC News (2005).Who's to Blame for Delayed Response to Katrina?. Retrieved from  http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/HurricaneKatrina/blame-delayed-response-katrina/story?id=1102467 

Associated Press (2011).In Book Nagin tells very different Katrina Story. Retrieved from http://www.today.com/id/43696734/ns/today-today_books/t/book-nagin-tells-very-different-katrina-story/#.VGyxAPmUf9U

Cash, J.T. (2014).Political Failures of Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140708194346-192858373-political-failures-of-hurricane-katrina

Geography Hurricanes

Hurricanes & Typhoons Hurricanes and Typhoons Hurricanes and typhoons both fall under the classification "tropical cyclone," which is the generic term for what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) calls "a non-frontal synoptic scale low-pressure system." To a lay person, this definition could be difficult to understand. But meanwhile, to simplify the definition, this "non-frontal synoptic low pressure system" must have wind speeds up to 74 MPH or higher, and be over water 81°F or warmer, to be classified as a "hurricane" (if the tropical cyclone is in the North Atlantic, the Northeast Pacific east of the dateline, or the South Pacific east of 160E); to be classified as a "typhoon," it must have wind speeds of 74 MPH or higher, be over water 81°F or warmer, and be located in the Northwest Pacific east of 160E). It is easy to understand why people would be confused between a Hurricane and a Typhoon.….

Hong Kong Observatory. "Nature and Structure of Tropical Cyclones." Available:

http://www.hko.gov.hk/informtc/nature.htm.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Hurricane Research Division:

Frequently Asked Questions, What is a hurricane, typhoon, or tropical cyclone?"

Disaster Event Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy Was

Disaster Event Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy was a tropical cyclone that swept the entire Caribbean world across the Coastal towns of America in October 2012. This storm led to early deaths, massive loss of power and thousands became homeless. Damages occasioned by this storm can be estimated in billions of dollars. Hurricane Sandy was the deadliest storm ever to hit the northeastern parts of America. This hurricane was the most costly in the history of the nation. The effects of Hurricane Sandy reached far (FEMA (n. d)). While the storm led to the devastation of the eastern coast of America with main impacts on New York and New Jersey, its winds went as far as Canada and Wisconsin prompting the rise of water levels from one city to other cities. Hurricane Sandy is associated with over 70 deaths in U.S. from New Hampshire to Maryland. No hurricane has ever hit northern….

FEMA (n. d). Hurricane Sandy. Retrieved on April 6, 2012 from  http://www.fema.gov/hurricane-sandy 

Hogan, D.E., & Burstein, J.L. (2007). Disaster medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer

Penuel, K.B., & Statler, M. (2011). Encyclopedia of disaster relief. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Publications.

Hurricane Andrew

Hurricane Andrew is a storm that originated from a tropical wave over the central Atlantic in 1992. It first started as a low-pressure system off the coast of Africa and seemed no different from many other atmospheric ripples that form every summer in this part of the world (Pimm, Stuart & Gary 19). However, the seemingly innocent weather system slowly gained enough strength and by August 16, 1992 Hurricane Andrew had grown into a significant tropical storm and officially given the name: "Andrew." Shear from strong wind prevented intensification of the storm at first. However, the following day saw a decrease in shear, which allowed the strengthening of the depression thus becoming Tropical Storm Andrew. On August 18, convection associated with the storm diminished due to increase in wind shear. Andrew later headed westward due to the effect of a high-pressure system. It then increased rapidly before crossing Bahamas (Pimm, Stuart,….

Pimm, Stuart L., and Gary E. Davis. "Hurricane Andrew. (Cover Story)." Bioscience 44.4 (1994): 224-229. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Zhang, Yang, and Walter Gillis Peacock. "Planning For Housing Recovery? Lessons Learned From Hurricane Andrew." Journal Of The American Planning Association 76.1 (2010): 5-24. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Tilmant, James T., and Richard W. Curry. "Hurricane Andrew's Effects On Marine Resources. (Cover Story)." Bioscience 44.4 (1994): 230-237. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Smith, Stanley K., and Christopher Mccarty. "Demographic Effects Of Natural Disasters: A Case Study Of Hurricane Andrew." Demography 33.2 (1996): 265-275. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

Hurricane Andrew in May of

Although it had lost some pop, Andrew was still a Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Category 3 hurricane on the second go around. but, the first round was enough to know that Andrew was bad. From a business perspective, Hurricane Andrew crippled the offshore oil facilities on its second approach throughout the gulf coast and in Louisiana where the storm added another billion dollars in damage. These financial losses did not even take into consideration the badly deteriorated Everglades ecosystem which would be restored several years later after a second hurricane, Opal, crippled the ecosystem even more. Today The state of Florida had one of its worst hurricane seasons on record in 2004 yet the state was much better prepared. The state seemed to have learned some valuable lessons from 1992. "As hundreds of millions of dollars in hurricane relief become available to Florida, Lt. Gov. Toni Jennings declared ednesday that she wants the….

Biscayne National Park Plaque Commemorates 10th Anniversary of Hurricane Andrew. Ed. NOAA. NOAA Hurricane Service. Retrieved on 13 Nov. 2004, from http://www.srh.weather.gov/mfl/newpage/biscayne_andrew_plaque.html.

Hurricane Andrew. 8/23/1992. National Weather Service. Retrieved on 13 Nov. 2004, from http://www.srh.weather.gov/srh/jetstream/tropics/andrew.htm.

Hurricane Andrew CSC. August 16-28, 1992. csc.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 13 Nov. 2004, from http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cohab/hurricane/andrew/andrew.htm.

Hurricanes: Unleashing Natures Fury. Ed. NOAA. National Weather Service. 13 Nov. 2004  http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/hurr.pdf .

Hurricane Preparedness XYZ Hamburger Havens Since Our

Hurricane Preparedness XYZ Hamburger Havens ince our restaurants are situated along the East Coast, every year some or our franchises run the risk of being in the path of a hurricane. These are your instructions for preparing your location for a hurricane. Please use these instructions to create a "Hurricane Preparations" notebook for easy reference if a hurricane should threaten your locale. PREPLANNING First, walk around the building looking for items that might become dangerous if propelled by strong winds (taff writers, 2004). uch items could include trashcans, benches not solidly anchored to the ground, umbrella tables, and even some shrubbery: in a hurricane, a flying coconut can do a lot of damage. Make a list of these hazards and place it in your Hurricane Preparations notebook. Then meet with the fire department or building inspector of your city to make sure you have identified all hazards. Make a note of any suggestions they make.….

NUI. DATE. "Hurricane Safety." City Gas Company Of Florida. Accessed via the Internet April 9, 2004.  http://www.nui.com/content.cfm?cid=380 

Staff writers. 2004. "Taking Care of Business." South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Accessed via the Internet April 9, 2004.  http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/weather/hurricane/sns-hc-prep-business,0,5902211.story

Hurricane Aftermath

Hurricane Aftermath, Returning to a workplace Disasters are itself destruction to humanity for long time and recovering from that disaster is a challenge which has to be achieved with the gradual process. Safety is the fundamental concern similar to the stability of our mental and physical well-being. Proper planning is required to make the process of recovery achievable in the most efficient way, much faster and less stressful. The research paper followed is a guideline to recover from hurricane and return back to home, community, school, work and normal life. Safety Measures Adopted and recommendations The foremost concern after hurricane disaster is the safety of the people affected and surrounding areas. The team comprising of safety supervisors will observe issues and monitor healthcare facility of families and individuals and will scrutinize their well being. To look after the safety measures it will be important for team to make a recovery plan for injured….

What would be a good relevant topic to do a research paper on regarding Emergency Management?

Emergency management is the practice of handling disasters, whether manmade or natural disasters.  There are different levels of emergency management , because emergencies can be local, citywide, statewide, countrywide, or even global.  The current COVID-19 pandemic is a great example of a global emergency and how different regions have handled the pandemic highlight differences in emergency management .

There are a number of different topics to explore in terms of emergency management:

• The role of local emergency management facilities in helping stop local spread of COVID-19.
• Comparing and contrasting country policies in terms of travel restrictions after the COVID-19 environment.

Need Help with Essay Topics on Global warming

1. The impact of global warming on natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires. 2. The role of human activities in causing global warming. 3. The effects of melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels on coastal communities. 4. The importance of renewable energy sources in combating global warming. 5. The role of international cooperation in addressing global warming. 6. The economic consequences of global warming for industries such as agriculture, tourism, and insurance. 7. The social and health impacts of global warming on vulnerable populations. 8. The role of education and awareness in combating global warming. 9. The ethical considerations surrounding global warming and climate....

Is there anything in the news related to adversity that would make a good essay subject?

Yes, there are several news topics related to adversity that would make for a compelling essay subject. Here are a few examples: 1. The COVID-19 pandemic: You can explore how people worldwide faced numerous adversities due to the pandemic, such as health challenges, economic struggles, mental health issues, and social isolation. You can discuss stories of resilience, innovative solutions, community support, and lessons learned. 2. Climate change and natural disasters: Write about the adversity faced by communities affected by natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, wildfires, or droughts. Discuss the challenges of rebuilding lives, adapting to new circumstances, and finding sustainable solutions to....

Need assistance developing essay topics related to American Colonies. Can you offer any guidance?

Certainly! Here are some potential essay topics related to American Colonies: 1. Compare and contrast the motivations for colonization between the Spanish, French, and English settlers in the Americas. 2. Analyze the impact of European diseases on Native American populations during the colonial period. 3. Discuss the role of religion in shaping the development of the American colonies. 4. Explore the economic systems of the American colonies and their impact on the growth of the colonies. 5. Evaluate the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on the development and economy of the American colonies. 6. Examine the relationship between Native American tribes and European colonizers in....

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Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy Tropical cyclones can badly destroy settlements and structures along the coast. ecent destructive tropical cyclones such as the 2005 Katrina and the Sandy which happened…

Hurricanes & Typhoons Hurricanes and Typhoons Hurricanes and typhoons both fall under the classification "tropical cyclone," which is the generic term for what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) calls…

Disaster Event Hurricane Sandy Hurricane Sandy was a tropical cyclone that swept the entire Caribbean world across the Coastal towns of America in October 2012. This storm led to early…

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Although it had lost some pop, Andrew was still a Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Category 3 hurricane on the second go around. but, the first round was enough to…

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Where to find quality Hurricane paper examples?

The EssayWriter database is the best starting point for your research, as our essay examples are carefully crafted, original, and based only on top-tier academic evidence.

How do you use the Hurricane essay examples?

You can get some ideas and arguments for your own logical reasoning or pick a topic from one of the samples if you find it relevant and interesting.

Can I download a sample?

Yes, downloads are available on our platform.

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The United States of America has witnessed many hurricanes, and this natural disaster is not unique to the USA. Thus, students of many specialties at numerous educational establishments can be assigned to a hurricane research paper or an essay about hurricane. If this topic seems intimidating to you and you’re not sure whether you’re able to construct an interesting argument, welcome to our database. It includes many samples for quick familiarization with the topic of hurricanes – a good starting point for your successful writing.

What Can a Hurricane Essay Include?

If you’re facing the need to write a hurricane college essay , it’s time to dig deeper into the topic and understand it better. First, you may discuss different types of hurricanes in simple words and present their characteristics. Second, you can discuss the role of the National Hurricane Center in hurricane responses and community support measures. Third, you may take a critical stand and analyze the ways hurricane information is disseminated among the community, including ads and public announcements before the approaching disaster. Finally, it’s always a good idea to compose a case study of one of the recent hurricanes that happened in your location, evaluating the quality and timeliness of response and the coordinated work of the local community.

Be Guided by Our Hurricane Essay Example

Writing about hurricanes is not that easy for everyone, as you need to master some complex terminology and understanding of the natural disaster’s mechanics. The good news is that you can benefit from our hurricane essay examples in many ways. Here’s how you can use the available materials to jumpstart your research process.

Get Inspired by Well-Polished Texts

Theory is good, but a hands-on example may contribute to a student’s progress much better than theoretical guidance. Thus, you may read hundreds of guides or materials about hurricanes and still feel unconfident in your writing. Our samples change the rules of the game by giving you a step-by-step illustration of content organization on this subject.

Use Well-Formulated Topics and Structure

Topics can make or break an essay on a well-researched and pretty trivial topic like hurricanes. Our samples may help you choose an original perspective and give interesting facts and arguments that refresh the hurricane discussion. Such an approach is a sure guarantee of a higher grade.

Pick the Sources We’ve Selected

Any research paper about hurricane should contain reliable, credible evidence to support your ideas and claims. This is what we do in our samples, and you can borrow the fruits of our labor to spice up your content with interesting, reputable sources.There’s no need to find those references on your own; we’ve already done the legwork.

Get Acquainted with the Writing Team

All essay writers employed in our company possess many years of writing experience and domain-specific expertise in 50+ academic areas. Therefore, we encourage them to donate free essay examples to showcase their talents and present their strong skills to clients.

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Introduction: Hurricanes

By John Pickrell

4 September 2006

Cyclone Catarina near Brazil seen from the International Space Station on 26 March, 2004

(Image: NASA)

A hurricane is a fiercely powerful rotating tropical storm that is 200 to 2000 kilometres across. Hurricanes have a calm central region of low pressure between 20 and 100 kilometres across, known as the eye . They occur in tropical regions around the world, and are called typhoons in south-east Asia and the Pacific, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Australia.

The term hurricane is derived from Huracan , the name of a Mayan storm god. Over its lifetime, one of these massive storms can release as much energy as a million Hiroshima nuclear bombs .

The brutality of each annual hurricane season shifts according to decadal variation , but there is now evidence to suggest global warming could be making hurricanes more frequent and unpredictable. As populations and economies grow along coastal regions, the damage from these storm is increasing .

In 2005, hurricane Katrina had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 230,000 square kilometres in its wake and causing damage estimated at $75 billion. Katrina whipped up sustained winds of 225 kilometres per hour and a 5- to 9-metre-high “storm surge” of sea water. The maelstrom tore through New Orleans’ flood defences and flooded 80% of the city . Thousands were killed or injured and more than half a million people were displaced in a humanitarian crisis not seen in the US since the great depression.

Forming a storm

The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and grow when sea-surface temperatures exceed 27°C and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere. In Australia and the southern hemisphere, the cyclone season runs from October to May.

Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain – releasing heat in the process. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane.

When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a positive feedback process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface on the outside of the storm.

When wind speeds hit 37 kilometres per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are called as tropical depressions . Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005 and was labelled tropical depression 12 of that year.

If this process happens far enough from the equator – typically at latitudes of more than 10° – then the Coriolis force associated with the rotation of the Earth sets the massive weather system spinning, with winds spiralling in towards the centre.

The weather systems spin anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern. The rotation of the Earth also determines the direction in which these storms travel, so hurricanes in the north Atlantic move west towards Central and North America.

Categorically speaking

As winds increase to a sustained speed of 63 kilometres per hour, a tropical depression becomes a tropical storm . Such storms are then given a name – such as Charley , Frances , Gilbert, Isabel , Ivan , Jeanne or Mitch – which cycle through the alphabet each year.

A tropical storm becomes a category 1 hurricane (or cyclone or typhoon) when winds reach sustained speeds of 120kph. A hurricane becomes category 2 when sustained winds hit 154kph, category 3 at 179kph, category 4 at 210 kph, and finally the most devastating variety, category 5 , when wind speeds hit 250kph.

Category 5 hurricanes rarely make it to land – 2005’s Katrina briefly achieved category 5 status, but diminished slightly before landfall. This University of Wisconsin-Madison animation of infrared satellite images shows how hurricane Katrina grew in power as it crossed the Gulf of Mexico.

Hurricanes are characterised by high winds, torrential rain and sometimes tornadoes . These conditions cause massive damage to buildings and infrastructure and create flash floods , mudslides and storm surges of sea water. Storm surges are huge tsunami-like waves resulting from the acutely low pressure at the eye of the hurricane. The low pressure draws in water, raising sea levels by up to 4 metres. Hurricanes may even trigger weak earthquakes and set the Earth vibrating.

Hurricanes can also contain very tall clouds called hot towers that stretch up to the ceiling of the troposphere. Hurricanes can continue to grow in size and ferocity as long as they are over warm waters but in reality they rarely persist for more than a few weeks. As soon as they travel inland, their power diminishes rapidly , as they can no longer draw up warm, damp air from the sea – they run out of steam, or water vapour at least.

Climate linked

The storm season of 2005 was the busiest since records began in 1928: 26 tropical storms formed in the north Atlantic, 12 more than 2004 .

Fourteen of these – including Beta , Dennis , Emily , Epsilon , Ophelia , Rita and Stan – became hurricanes, setting another record as three developed to category 5. Wilma was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the north Atlantic.

The hurricane season in 2005 was remarkable in other ways too. An unusual south Pacific hurricane battered the coasts of Guatemala and El Salvador in May – the first ever to strike from the direction of the Pacific. More of a surprise was hurricane Catarina , the first ever known to come from the southern Atlantic – a place the textbooks claim is too cool for hurricanes to form.

Hurricane activity was predicted to be above average in 2006 as well.

This burst of activity has fuelled speculation that climate change may be responsible. There has been a string of studies suggesting that hurricanes have become more intense , powerful and unpredictable in the last 30 years – and that this is not just down to normal decadal variation in storm activity.

One controversial study argues that the number of intense hurricanes worldwide has almost doubled over the past 35 years and it pins the blame on rising sea-surface temperatures. As the world warms, the amount of sea surface that exceeds the 27°C required to spawn a hurricane will increase – but a lot of other factors are also required for hurricanes to form, so experts are not sure what the future holds .

If hurricanes do become more frequent and intense, we might be able to find ways to mitigate their effects or even modify the weather . Possible methods include sending them off course , using water-absorbent powder to mop up clouds , coating the sea surface with fish oil or surfactants to stop warm water evaporating, and even zapping the colder streams of air in hurricanes and tornadoes with microwaves to disrupt their structure.

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• Knowledge Base
• How to write an essay introduction | 4 steps & examples

How to Write an Essay Introduction | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on February 4, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A good introduction paragraph is an essential part of any academic essay . It sets up your argument and tells the reader what to expect.

The main goals of an introduction are to:

• Catch your reader’s attention.
• Give background on your topic.
• Present your thesis statement —the central point of your essay.

This introduction example is taken from our interactive essay example on the history of Braille.

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

Step 1: hook your reader, step 2: give background information, step 3: present your thesis statement, step 4: map your essay’s structure, step 5: check and revise, more examples of essay introductions, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about the essay introduction.

Your first sentence sets the tone for the whole essay, so spend some time on writing an effective hook.

Avoid long, dense sentences—start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

The hook should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of the topic you’re writing about and why it’s interesting. Avoid overly broad claims or plain statements of fact.

Examples: Writing a good hook

Take a look at these examples of weak hooks and learn how to improve them.

• Braille was an extremely important invention.
• The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

The first sentence is a dry fact; the second sentence is more interesting, making a bold claim about exactly  why the topic is important.

• The internet is defined as “a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.”
• The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education.

Avoid using a dictionary definition as your hook, especially if it’s an obvious term that everyone knows. The improved example here is still broad, but it gives us a much clearer sense of what the essay will be about.

• Mary Shelley’s  Frankenstein is a famous book from the nineteenth century.
• Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement.

Instead of just stating a fact that the reader already knows, the improved hook here tells us about the mainstream interpretation of the book, implying that this essay will offer a different interpretation.

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

Next, give your reader the context they need to understand your topic and argument. Depending on the subject of your essay, this might include:

• Historical, geographical, or social context
• An outline of the debate you’re addressing
• A summary of relevant theories or research about the topic
• Definitions of key terms

The information here should be broad but clearly focused and relevant to your argument. Don’t give too much detail—you can mention points that you will return to later, but save your evidence and interpretation for the main body of the essay.

How much space you need for background depends on your topic and the scope of your essay. In our Braille example, we take a few sentences to introduce the topic and sketch the social context that the essay will address:

Now it’s time to narrow your focus and show exactly what you want to say about the topic. This is your thesis statement —a sentence or two that sums up your overall argument.

This is the most important part of your introduction. A  good thesis isn’t just a statement of fact, but a claim that requires evidence and explanation.

The goal is to clearly convey your own position in a debate or your central point about a topic.

Particularly in longer essays, it’s helpful to end the introduction by signposting what will be covered in each part. Keep it concise and give your reader a clear sense of the direction your argument will take.

As you research and write, your argument might change focus or direction as you learn more.

For this reason, it’s often a good idea to wait until later in the writing process before you write the introduction paragraph—it can even be the very last thing you write.

When you’ve finished writing the essay body and conclusion , you should return to the introduction and check that it matches the content of the essay.

It’s especially important to make sure your thesis statement accurately represents what you do in the essay. If your argument has gone in a different direction than planned, tweak your thesis statement to match what you actually say.

To polish your writing, you can use something like a paraphrasing tool .

You can use the checklist below to make sure your introduction does everything it’s supposed to.

Checklist: Essay introduction

My first sentence is engaging and relevant.

I have introduced the topic with necessary background information.

I have defined any important terms.

My thesis statement clearly presents my main point or argument.

Everything in the introduction is relevant to the main body of the essay.

You have a strong introduction - now make sure the rest of your essay is just as good.

• Argumentative
• Literary analysis

This introduction to an argumentative essay sets up the debate about the internet and education, and then clearly states the position the essay will argue for.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

This introduction to a short expository essay leads into the topic (the invention of the printing press) and states the main point the essay will explain (the effect of this invention on European society).

In many ways, the invention of the printing press marked the end of the Middle Ages. The medieval period in Europe is often remembered as a time of intellectual and political stagnation. Prior to the Renaissance, the average person had very limited access to books and was unlikely to be literate. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century allowed for much less restricted circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation.

This introduction to a literary analysis essay , about Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein , starts by describing a simplistic popular view of the story, and then states how the author will give a more complex analysis of the text’s literary devices.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale. Arguably the first science fiction novel, its plot can be read as a warning about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, and in popular culture representations of the character as a “mad scientist”, Victor Frankenstein represents the callous, arrogant ambition of modern science. However, far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to gradually transform our impression of Frankenstein, portraying him in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

The “hook” is the first sentence of your essay introduction . It should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of why it’s interesting.

To write a good hook, avoid overly broad statements or long, dense sentences. Try to start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

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How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an introduction paragraph , how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Here’s an example of an essay introduction paragraph about the importance of education: 

Education is often viewed as a fundamental human right and a key social and economic development driver. As Nelson Mandela once famously said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is the key to unlocking a wide range of opportunities and benefits for individuals, societies, and nations. In today’s constantly evolving world, education has become even more critical. It has expanded beyond traditional classroom learning to include digital and remote learning, making education more accessible and convenient. This essay will delve into the importance of education in empowering individuals to achieve their dreams, improving societies by promoting social justice and equality, and driving economic growth by developing a skilled workforce and promoting innovation. 

This introduction paragraph example includes a hook (the quote by Nelson Mandela), provides some background information on education, and states the thesis statement (the importance of education). 

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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Hurricane Katrina

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The Impact Of Hurricane Katrina

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Photos taken by Houston Airports employees during and after Hurricane Beryl show the hustle required to restore operations 4 hours after the Category 1 hurricane moved out of the area on Monday, July 8.

The Houston Airports Maintenance Division worked to clear fallen trees from airport roads at Bush and Hobby Airports on July 8.

Just four hours after the eye of Hurricane Beryl moved out of the Houston area on Monday, Houston Airports resumed operations, thanks to the unified efforts of its dedicated employees, airline partners and stakeholders. Beryl, a Category 1 hurricane, left a deadly trail of damage in its wake, including power outages, downed trees and flooding. However, the quick response by Houston Airports and its 28 airline partners, concessionaires and stakeholders ensured that George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) and William P. Hobby Airport (HOU) could reopen and serve passengers without significant delays by Monday afternoon.

In the immediate aftermath of the storm, photos captured by Houston Airports employees illustrate the scale of the challenge. Airline equipment was safely stored inside facilities at both airports, a precautionary measure that protected vital assets from the elements. Images also show employees mopping up stormwater that entered Bush Airport through the Skyway doors while Maintenance teams worked with Houston Police to safely remove fallen trees from the roads that surround the city’s airports.

As the saying goes, teamwork makes the dream work. In the initial hours after Hurricane Beryl passed over the area on July 8, Houston Airports collaborated to meet a shared goal: resume operations that support a world-class experience for passengers.  

"This was the first hurricane of the season to directly impact the Houston area, and our team's preparedness and swift response were crucial," said Jim Szczesniak, Director of Aviation for Houston Airports. "The coordinated efforts across multiple divisions showcased our resilience and dedication to maintaining operational continuity, even under challenging circumstances."

Airport employees were among the more than 2.2 million in the Houston area who lost power during Hurricane Beryl. Houston Airports resumed operations in safe and clean facilities with limited personnel. In addition to extended TSA wait times, in the immediate days after Beryl, passengers should anticipate longer than normal lines at Ticketing Counters, Concessions and Parking Facilities. Extended lines may be frustrating, but please know they are moving.

Houston Airports is working with all local, state and federal partners to keep the airports operational. Director Szczesniak is calling for the traveling public to be cautious, patient and aware of conditions. Although the sun is now out and our skies are prime for flights, it’s imperative that Houstonians recognize Houston’s airports are still working to recover from Hurricane Beryl. Our hearts are with our fellow Houstonians as we all begin to recover from Hurricane Beryl. #HoustonStrong 

Tesla to delay Robotaxi unveiling, report says

Tesla is reportedly planning to delay the unveiling of its so-called “Robotaxi” driverless vehicle by a few months.

For the last few years, Tesla has been working on a vehicle designed from the ground up to be a self-driving vehicle. The company has been referring to it as ‘Robotaxi’.

CEO Elon Musk insists that Tesla is still dedicated to delivering its promised self-driving capability to existing vehicles delivered since 2016 through software update, but it also decided to build a new vehicle designed entirely around the fact that it will be driverless.

Not much is known about the vehicle other than hints that it won’t have a steering wheel or pedals, and that it will  be “Cybertruck-like”  in terms of design. We might have also seen a glimpse of the interior in a video that Tesla released .

In April, Musk said that Tesla would unveil the vehicle on August 8th .

However, Bloomberg now reports that the unveiling is going to be delayed to October:

Tesla Inc. is delaying its planned robotaxi unveiling to October, from August, to allow teams working on the project more time to build additional vehicle prototypes, according to people familiar with the decision.

Top comment by Tash

He needed the 8/8 date to get the vote for his pay package. Elon is smart but he seriously needs governance. This isn't a mom-and-pop shop; it is a publically traded company.

Electrek previously reported that Tesla planned to match the unveiling with the coming online of a new supercluster computing platform at Gigafactory Texas to train its robotaxi, but that Tesla insiders believed the project, which was accelerated as part of a restructuring earlier this year, could be delayed.

Electrek’s Take

It wouldn’t be the first time that Tesla delayed an unveiling. However, this one is particularly interesting because Tesla is likely going to unveil a vehicle that simply wouldn’t work yet since it has yet to solve self-driving.

I don’t think solving self-driving will be done by October, but Tesla can use every bit of time.

Maybe, they can announce a geofenced service in a specific city by October. We will see.

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Home — Essay Samples — History — History of the United States — Hurricane Katrina

Essays on Hurricane Katrina

What makes a good hurricane katrina essay topics.

When it comes to writing an essay on Hurricane Katrina, choosing a topic that is both engaging and informative is crucial. With such a devastating event, there are countless angles and perspectives to explore. Here are some recommendations on how to brainstorm and choose an essay topic, what to consider, and What Makes a Good essay topic.

When brainstorming essay topics, it's important to consider the impact of Hurricane Katrina on various aspects of society. Topics could focus on the environmental impact, the response and recovery efforts, the social and economic implications, or the political fallout. Consider the different perspectives and voices that emerged in the aftermath of the hurricane, and think about how these can be woven into an engaging and informative essay.

A good Hurricane Katrina essay topic should be thought-provoking and offer a fresh perspective on the event. It should invite the reader to think critically about the issues surrounding the hurricane and its aftermath. Additionally, a good essay topic should be well-researched and provide the opportunity to delve into the complexities of the event.

Best Hurricane Katrina Essay Topics

• The Role of Climate Change in Hurricane Katrina
• The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans' Culture and Community
• The Failures of the Government Response to Hurricane Katrina
• The Long-Term Environmental Impact of Hurricane Katrina
• The Displacement and Resettlement of Hurricane Katrina Survivors
• The Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
• The Role of Social Media in Disaster Response during Hurricane Katrina
• The Psychological Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Survivors
• The Economic Fallout of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans
• The Media Coverage of Hurricane Katrina and its Effects on Public Perception
• The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Hurricane Katrina Relief Efforts
• The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Healthcare System in New Orleans
• The Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina and their Application to Future Disasters
• The Influence of Hurricane Katrina on Climate Change Policy
• The Rebuilding and Revitalization of New Orleans in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
• The Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender in the Response to Hurricane Katrina
• The Role of the Arts in Healing and Rebuilding after Hurricane Katrina
• The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Education System in New Orleans
• The Ethical and Moral Dilemmas Faced by First Responders during Hurricane Katrina
• The Resilience and Strength of the New Orleans Community in the Face of Disaster

Hurricane Katrina essay topics Prompts

• Imagine you are a journalist reporting on the ground in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. Describe the challenges, ethical dilemmas, and emotional toll of covering such a devastating event.
• Write a letter from the perspective of a survivor of Hurricane Katrina, reflecting on the experience and the challenges of rebuilding and moving forward.
• Create a timeline of the events leading up to, during, and after Hurricane Katrina, highlighting the key moments and decisions that shaped the outcome.
• Design a public awareness campaign focused on the long-term environmental impact of Hurricane Katrina and the importance of sustainable disaster preparedness.
• Write a fictional story set in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, exploring the experiences of different individuals and communities as they navigate the challenges of rebuilding and recovery.

The Devastation of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and The Lack of Response by The Government

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$125 billion

1,836 total

August 23, 2005 - August 31, 2005

Louisiana, Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi, New Orleans, Eastern United States and Eastern Canada

The tropical depression that became Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, approximately 350 miles (560 km) east of Miami. Early in the morning on August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. Katrina had become one of the most powerful Atlantic storms on record.

While the storm itself did a great deal of damage, its aftermath was catastrophic. The economic effects of the storm reached high levels. The Bush Administration sought $105 billion for repairs and reconstruction in the region. The emergency response from federal, state, and local governments was widely criticized. Katrina caused more than $125 billion in damage.

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Beryl power outage updates: 500,000 Texans remain without power after hurricane

Residents in two more counties were added to a federal disaster assistance program, the governor’s office announced Saturday.

450,000 CenterPoint customers have no power heading into Sunday

CenterPoint Energy estimates that hundreds of thousands of customers are starting a second week without power. As of Sunday morning, about 452,000 households and businesses it serves lacked electricity.

Across the state, 500,654 businesses and households across several counties still lacked electricity as of Sunday morning.

The longer-lasting outages were likely to be in the hard-hit areas of Matagorda County, Brazoria County and parts of Galveston County, along with some pockets elsewhere, said Jason Ryan, executive vice president of regulatory services and government affairs for CenterPoint, at a Public Utility Commission of Texas meeting on Thursday.

The slower work will involve rebuilding large spans of infrastructure, Ryan told the commissioners, such as poles broken and toppled onto the ground.

“We know that we still have a lot of work to do and we will not stop the work until it is done,” Ryan said.

The Houston-area utility says it is planning to restore power to hundreds of thousands of customers each day through this weekend.

Nearly 3 million electricity customers lost power in Texas after Hurricane Beryl swept across the southeastern portion of the state Monday.

Related Story

“they need to fix something quick”: texans without power for days are getting angry.

Updated: July 13, 2024

Frustrations at CenterPoint, the Houston-area electric utility, have boiled over after it bungled its communications to the public amid yet another massive Texas power outage. The company appeared in chaos as it worked to turn on power for angry people who faced days in dangerous heat without air conditioning, including stressed customers struggling to manage health issues without electricity. More than 48 hours after the storm left the region, the company still had no clear timeline for when people could expect their electricity to be restored.

Yet even as elected officials piled onto everyday Texans’ scathing criticisms of how long the outages are lasting, CenterPoint appears to be restoring power to people faster than it has after recent storms.

“We have never restored more than a million customers a little over two days after a hurricane before and you can only do that with significant readiness,” Ryan said at the PUC meeting Thursday.

According to PowerOutage.us, Entergy Texas, which serves College Station and Beaumont, sill has 26,000 customers without power; Texas-New Mexico Power, serving some areas of Houston and around Brazoria on the Gulf Coast, has over 21,000 customers lacking power; and AEP Texas, which stretches from Brownsville to Bay City, has 300 customers without power.

Utility representatives made the case to state regulators on Thursday that they were prepared for the storm. PUC Chairman Thomas Gleeson told Ryan that the utility needed to get out in the community to listen to feedback when the repairs were done.

“The public expects more communication, more frequent communication, different modes of communication,” Gleeson said. “And so I think it’s definitely incumbent on all of us to look at the way we communicate going forward.”

— Emily Foxhall, Alejandra Martinez, Dante Motley and Pooja Salhotra

Heat remains a danger this weekend as hundreds of thousands go without power

Temperatures in the Houston area are expected to hit the high 80s Saturday and low 90s Sunday, as hundreds of thousands of Texas households and businesses are still without power following Hurricane Beryl.

As of Saturday morning, the National Weather Service has much of the Houston area under a moderate heat risk , which “affects most individuals sensitive to heat, especially those without effective cooling and/or adequate hydration.”

Humidity is also a factor — topping out at 77%. Scattered thunderstorms are also expected throughout the day.

Extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related fatalities each year, according to the Environmental Protection Agency . On Tuesday, a 60-year-old disabled man died from a heat stroke following the storm, according to Matagorda County Justice of the Peace Jason Sanders. His death brought the hurricane’s death total to 10.

CenterPoint Energy projects that by the end of the weekend, they will have restored power to 85% of the original 2.26 million outages they faced, leaving approximately 390,000 still without electricity on Monday. As of Saturday morning, 689,000 of its customers were still without power.

Entergy Texas, which serves College Station and Beaumont, still has 50,000 customers without power. Texas-New Mexico Power, serving some areas of Houston and around Brazoria on the Gulf Coast, has over 29,000 customers lacking power. AEP Texas, which stretches from Brownsville to Bay City, has 1,100 customers without power.

— Dante Motley

Texans affected by Beryl can start applying for federal aid this weekend

Residents and business owners in 17 Texas counties that were hard hit by Hurricane Beryl will soon be able to apply for federal dollars to help them cover the costs to repair or replace their homes.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency funding will be available to uninsured and underinsured people who live in Brazoria, Chambers, Galveston, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Orange, Polk, San Jacinto, Walker, and Wharton counties, said FEMA spokesperson Jaclyn Rothenberg.

On Saturday, two other counties were added including Fort Bend and Nacogdoches.

Individuals will be able to apply for funding by registering online at www.DisasterAssistance.gov or by calling 1-800-621-3362 or by using the FEMA App . The quickest way to receive the dollars is often by applying online because of high call volume, Rothenberg said. Registration is expected to open by Saturday morning.

Affected individuals can also visit a FEMA disaster recovery center to get direct help from a FEMA staff member. Some recovery centers were opened in the Houston region after a May derecho storm slammed into the region in May.

The amount of federal funding individuals can receive through FEMA’s program varies. Qualifying individuals can receive “serious needs assistance,” which is a $750 payment for emergency supplies such as food, medicine and baby formula. Separate claims can be submitted to receive support to repair homes.

“There’s a whole series of questions we ask people to get them the maximum amount of support,” Rothenberg said.

The maximum amount FEMA can provide to an individual for repairs is $42,500, according to statutory guidelines passed by Congress. People cannot receive disaster and insurance assistance for the same damages. Insured Texans should first file claims through their existing policies before applying for FEMA assistance.

FEMA reformed its federal assistance policies this year, allowing people who are underinsured to receive federal assistance if their insurance policy does not cover the full extent of their damages.

The state could request funding for additional counties affected by Beryl, which hit Texas early Monday morning as a Category 1 hurricane and knocked out power for more than 2.5 million people. Gov. Greg Abbott said in a Thursday press release that additional counties may be requested once damage assessments are complete.

The announcement comes after President Joe Biden approved a major disaster declaration on Tuesday for damage sustained from Beryl in 67 counties. That declaration was the first step in unlocking federal dollars and resources to support storm recovery efforts.

FEMA offers two main types of assistance: public assistance and individual assistance. Public assistance supports local governments in rebuilding or repairing infrastructure, such as roads, bridges or schools while individual assistance helps affected people jumpstart their own recovery.

— Pooja Salhotra

Matagorda County was "hardest hit" by Beryl, Patrick says

Some 2,500 households in the unincorporated coastal community of Sargent may not have power for another two weeks, Matagorda County Judge Bobby Seiferman said Wednesday during a press briefing about Hurricane Beryl's aftermath.

The hurricane struck the Texas coast early Monday and knocked out power for millions of Texans along the Gulf Coast, greater Houston and in Deep East Texas. Matagorda County was the “hardest hit” of all 121 counties included in the state’s disaster declaration, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said at the briefing.

Days after Beryl, Texans toil to cope with debris, heat, rain and no power

July 11, 2024

“And Sargent was the hardest hit of that part, of that county,” he said.

Patrick is serving as acting governor while Gov. Greg Abbott is on an economic development trip in Asia. Since Monday, Patrick has traveled to Houston, Galveston and now Bay City to provide updates on storm recovery. He couldn’t visit Sargent because of the bad weather and there wasn’t a suitable place for his helicopter to land, he said.

Sen. Joan Huffman , a Republican who represents Matagorda County, also attended the briefing and promised to work with local and federal officials to help the county deal with the storm’s aftermath, including restoring power and cleaning up debris.

Matagorda County officials have asked the state to help set up cooling stations, remove debris and get food to residents beyond “ready-to-eat” meals, Patrick said.

“They’ve asked for a lot because there are a lot of issues,” he said. “We are going to do everything we can to check every box that they asked us to check.”

He added that the state will provide additional security personnel to Sargent as well as food, water and ice.

Outages make it hard to discharge hospital patients, leading to backups

Several Houston-area hospitals are having trouble making room for new patients because they can’t discharge patients to homes without power, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said Tuesday.

“In fact, we had a police officer who was shot in the leg, and when the mayor went down to see him the next day, he still didn’t have a room,” he said.

Beryl power outages crowd hospitals, delay new admissions

July 10, 2024

Patrick, who has served as acting governor amid the storm, said NRG Arena will be converted into a temporary medical step-down facility to free up space in local hospitals. It will have 250 beds available.

Texas Division of Emergency Management Chief Nim Kidd said hospitals, physicians and patients will decide who goes to NRG Arena. Any of the regional hospitals can send a patient to the arena, as most of them are in a crisis, he said.

Millions of Texans are still without power after Hurricane Beryl caused regionwide power outages. Kidd said it was in patients’ best interest not to go back to their homes if they don’t have power and they can’t keep their medications refrigerated.

Kidd has also ordered 25 additional ambulances to come to Houston and assist this week.

“The City of Houston told us they had an ambulance shortage because all of their ambulances were in the emergency department waiting to offload patients,” he said. “Some had been sitting there for three-plus hours.”

This isn’t the first time the arena in Houston has been used during a crisis. In 2005, a medical facility was established in what was then known as the Astrodome to treat and shelter Hurricane Katrina evacuees.

— Stephen Simpson

Hurricane Beryl death toll rises to 10

Hurricane Beryl, which brought fierce winds and heavy rains to a large portion of southeastern Texas, killed at least 10 people, according to state and local authorities.

In Harris County, two people waiting out the storm in their homes were killed in separate instances when trees fell on their residences. An Atascocita Fire Department spokesperson said that in the first instance, two people were in a residence when a tree fell, killing one and injuring the other. The second instance saw a 74-year-old grandmother die after a tree fell on her bedroom, according to Harris County Judge Lina Hidalgo.

Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick announced another person, a city of Houston employee, died from drowning in a flooded underpass on July 8. Acting Houston Police Department Chief Larry Satterwhite identified the man in a social media post as 54-year-old HPD information security officer Russell Richardson.

Tropical Storm Beryl: How to get help and help Texans

Updated: July 9, 2024

Harris County also reported two deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning during Beryl, Texas Division of Emergency Management Chief Nim Kidd said in a July 9 news conference. Kidd said that during the power outages, people run generators in unsafe places — like in a garage or near windows — allowing carbon monoxide to pool indoors. This can lead to asphyxiation.

In Montgomery County, two died inside a tent in a wooded area, according to a news release from the county’s emergency management office. No additional details surrounding their death were available. A third person, a man in his 40s, died in Montgomery County after a tree fell on him while he was on his tractor, the news release said.

In Galveston County, John Florence, an investigator with the county's Medical Examiner confirmed that 71 year-old Judith Greet died at Crystal Beach, a community in the Bolivar Peninsula. Greet was on oxygen for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a lung disease that blocks airflow and makes it difficult to breathe. When the hurricane knocked out power in her RV home, Greet’s oxygen machine ran out of battery and she died.

In Matagorda County, where thousands are still without power , county officials reported that one person died from heat.

The Houston Chronicle reported that a tenth person died in a house fire caused by lightning. Houston fire officials told The Texas Tribune that the cause is under investigation.

— Pooja Salhotra, Stephen Simpson, Dante Motley and Alejandra Martinez

Power restoration could take days and summer temperatures are rising

Millions of Texans are heading into a third summer day without power after Hurricane Beryl wreaked havoc through several counties — including the state’s most populous one — and temperatures rose dangerously into the 90s. The heat index is projected to push past 100 degrees in some areas, compounding the risk for an already battered and worn-out area.

Power companies have deployed thousands of workers to restore power while state and local officials navigate residents’ frustrations at what’s becoming routine in Texas: massive power outages after winter storms, thunderstorms, tornadoes or hurricanes.

Millions of Texans face third day without power in summer heat

Updated: July 10, 2024

As of 6:22 p.m. Tuesday, 1.9 million electricity customers concentrated in the southeastern corner of the state that bore the brunt of Beryl’s fierce winds still didn’t have electricity. Power companies and elected officials said it could be days before everyone has electricity again, meaning people without air conditioning would have to figure out how to cope with the heat.

“The power system is a life saving critical infrastructure — it’s the difference between life and death,” said Costa Samaras, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. “The era of nobody could have foreseen these conditions is over.”

Utility officials and state leaders have said it will likely take days to get everyone’s electricity back on — and temperatures are projected to rise steadily over the next week, National Weather Service Meteorologist Ryan Knapp said.

Temperatures in the 80s and 90s can create unsafe conditions for high-risk individuals, especially in a home with no power, and finding ways to keep cool will be paramount, he said.

“The upper 80s can obviously heat the inside of the home pretty quickly,” Knapp said.

— Pooja Salhotra, Jess Huff, Emily Foxhall and Kayla Gao

Federal disaster declaration approved, Patrick says

Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said President Joe Biden approved a Federal Emergency Disaster Declaration to aid Texans in the recovery from Hurricane Beryl. Following a phone call with Biden Tuesday, Patrick stated that he requested FEMA assistance to cover costs for debris removal and emergency protective measures.

“We are appreciative that the federal government will step in and they will pick up most of the cost as we go through recovery of the storm,” Patrick said at a Tuesday press briefing.

Biden says Texas officials delayed request for Beryl federal aid

Once the declaration is finalized and issued, the state’s homeowners and business will be able to access loans and grants to help with Beryl-related recovery costs. FEMA’s public assistance program is divided into categories. Part A covers the costs of debris removal, while part B covers emergency protective measures like medical care, transportation and evacuation. Patrick said the federal government would be covering “most of the cost” associated with storm recovery.

The declaration includes 121 impacted counties, Texas Division of Emergency Management Chief Nim Kidd said. Those counties include Brazoria, Galveston and Harris.

Kidd urged residents to adhere to local government regulations if they start doing their own debris cleanup.

Debris will need to be separated into three categories. Vegetative debris includes leaves and plants; construction and demolition debris includes building materials; appliances and white goods are another category.

“Please don’t put it all into one pile,” Kidd said. “It only slows the recovery process.”

On Monday, Biden spoke with Houston Mayor John Whitmire and said his administration is committed to supporting Texas, a White House spokesperson said.

“The U.S. Coast Guard and FEMA are on the ground and stand ready to support local response efforts,” the spokesperson said. “They will remain with the people of Texas every step of the way.”

–Alejandra Martinez and Pooja Salhotra

Texans begin to assess damage and plan clean-up efforts after bruising storm

Hurricane Beryl plowed through the Houston region Monday and, according to local meteorologist Matt Lanza, keeping up hurricane strength until it got halfway across town. Only in the afternoon would the winds die down completely, allowing people to emerge to follow a routine many know well: assess the damage, check on others, clean up and wait for the power to return.

The storm jolted people awake as its winds roared, blowing at 90 miles per hour, pushing tree branches at windows and ripping shingles from rooftops. Ten to 15 inches of rain pounded homes, according to Houston Mayor John Whitmire.

“Just my luck”: Houston begins clean up after Beryl rips through Gulf Coast

July 9, 2024

The wind sounded to 31-year-old Elizabeth Alvarez in Houston like someone screaming. The mother of six woke up at 4 a.m., scared, and didn’t go back to sleep. She thought her window might break. She lost power and — hour by hour — more Houstonians did too, their air conditioning and refrigerated food going along with it.

Later, Alvarez would drag her pet birds in their cages onto her porch to feel the cooler air, while neighbors grilled corn and pork and others kicked a soccer ball. She would clutch a handheld, battery-powered fan, that was turned off to save for when she needed it.

Across the region, fences toppled. Awnings ripped from restaurants. Signs soared away from businesses. Traffic lights twisted askew. A local television station lost power and went off the air. Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said on The Weather Channel, “Really, Houston is getting the brunt of the wind and the rain.”

The pops of transformers echoed. Entire trees crashed down.

And the damage pushed on from there, as Beryl uprooted trees and downed power lines into southeast Texas. In Liberty, a beloved pecan tree outside the historic courthouse was uprooted early on Monday, according to Bluebonnet News . The tree served as a meeting place for generations of residents.

“The rebuild is going to be significant. There was real damage. But the good news is for Houston, this ain’t our first rodeo,” U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz said at a Monday evening press conference.

— Emily Foxhall

How to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning from generators during power outages

When electrical power is knocked out after a hurricane, carbon monoxide poisoning from improperly used gas-powered generators is especially dangerous. The odorless, colorless gas is called an “invisible killer.” Early symptoms can include headache, dizziness, weakness and nausea, similar to the flu. To stay safe, experts recommend never connecting a generator directly to your home’s wiring, ensuring it's properly grounded, and always operate it outdoors away from windows and vents.

— Alejandra Martinez

Beryl makes landfall in Texas as Category 1 hurricane

Hurricane Beryl made landfall near Matagorda around 4 a.m. Monday as a Category 1 Hurricane, according to the National Hurricane Center. The storm strengthened through Sunday evening and had maximum sustained winds of 80 miles per hour when it came ashore. A 5 a.m. advisory from the National Hurricane Center warned about life-threatening storm surge and inland flooding Monday.

Hundreds of thousands of Texans are without power , including many in coastline counties such as Brazoria and Matagorda, according to PowerOutage.us. The full scope of the storm's damage is not yet clear — and it could cause more Monday as it moves northeast through the state.

The hurricane center said the coast was experiencing life-threatening storm surge. It also warned of flash floods throughout the southeastern portion of the state as the storm continues moving inland, bringing five to 10 inches of rain to some areas — or up to 15 inches in some isolated places.

Category 1 storms primarily damage unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery and trees. They can also do extensive damage to electricity lines and cause power outages that last several days.

What should I do after a hurricane hits?

Stay away from flood waters and damaged power lines. Don’t enter damaged buildings. Take photos and document damages to your home or property. Residents are also encouraged to document their storm damages and losses through a state-run online survey to help state officials understand the extent of the damages.

Organizations like the American Red Cross, Salvation Army and local volunteer organizations can help you find food, shelter and supplies, as well as even assist you with clean-up efforts.

How to navigate FEMA during this year’s hurricane season

Government and community resources may be available to help with recovery. Disaster declarations from the governor and president may free up federal funds for recovery assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency . People cannot receive disaster aid and insurance assistance for the same damages, so insured Texans should file claims through their existing policies before applying for FEMA assistance.

— Maria Probert Hermosillo and Pooja Salhotra

Tornadoes pop up in East Texas after Beryl downgraded to a Tropical Storm

After downing trees and power lines across the Greater Houston area, Hurricane Beryl has been downgraded to a Tropical Storm, meaning wind speeds have lowered below 75 miles per hour.

Maximum sustained winds have decreased to about 60 miles per hour, a 1 p.m. advisory from the National Hurricane Center. Beryl is headed northeastward at about 14 miles per hour and is expected to increase in speed as it continues to move through East Texas, where some local officials asked residents to shelter in place.

The National Weather Service out of Shreveport is tracking three confirmed tornadoes on radar, two in Texas and the third in Louisiana. The first is south of Joaquin, which is north of Lufkin and near the Louisiana border, the second is north of Timpson, which is also near the border.

Forecasters urged Texans to use caution amid downed power lines and warned that improper generator use can cause carbon monoxide poisoning.

On the Texas coastline, a storm surge warning is still in effect north of San Luis Pass to Sabine Pass, an area that includes Galveston Bay. The tropical storm warning was discontinued from Port O’Conner to San Luis Pass.

The Coastal Bend, including areas like Corpus Christi, was spared from the brunt of the storm.

— Pooja Salhotra and Jess Huff

High winds persist into East Texas, prompting requests for residents to shelter in place

High winds have made their way north from the Texas coast into East Texas and counties have begun to ask residents to shelter in place as a way to keep emergency vehicles off the roads as well.

The storm kept up its momentum as a Category 1 hurricane all the way to Interstate 10, surprising meteorologist Matt Lanza at Space City Weather.

“The widespread wind gusts of 75 to 85 mph so far inland was really unnerving,” he wrote in an updated blog post.

Residents of San Jacinto, Liberty, Hardin and Tyler counties have been encouraged to shelter in place, especially to stay off the roads in an effort to also keep emergency vehicles off the road.

News outlets and emergency management teams throughout the region have reported downed power lines and trees throughout the region.

The National Weather Service issued a tornado watch until 10 p.m. Monday for counties between Montgomery and Texarkana counties, as well as Northwest and North Central Louisiana and Southern Arkansas. A wind advisory is in effect until Tuesday morning.

— Jess Huff

Storm passes over Lake Livingston Dam, which was inundated with rain in April

In Polk County, which is home to the Lake Livingston Dam, the storm began to peak around 11 a.m. with the worst of it located over the dam, according to Polk County Emergency Management. High winds are still top of mind, even as Beryl has been downgraded to a tropical storm.

The dam, which recently reported potential failures, was releasing 21,175 cubic feet of water per second as of 11 a.m. and the lake level is at 130.93 feet above sea level.

This is significantly less than the several hundred thousand cubic feet of water released in April, when storms required several hundred thousand cubic feet of water per second to be released for multiple days in a row.

The Trinity River Authority, in conjunction with the Federal Aviation Authority, initiated a temporary flight restriction over the dam as the authority also began construction to mitigate potential failures early Monday.

Houston officials ask residents to remain off roads as damage assessment begins

Downed tree limbs and power lines, flooded streets, and power outages have Houston officials pleading with residents to stay home.

Houston mayor John Whitmire held a news conference Monday detailing the dire situation the city finds itself in as it took the brunt of Hurricane Beryl.

“We are dealing with a very serious amount of water. Around 10 inches of rain across the city and 90-mile-per-hour winds and hurricane conditions,” Whitmire said. “Please, Houstonians, shelter in place. We are in emergency and rescue mode.”

Whitmire said over 700,000 Houston electricity customers are currently without power, and the region’s two major airports are not open. However, city officials should better understand the situation now that the storm is moving away.

“We are experiencing the dirty side of a dirty storm,” Whitmire said.

The storm's sustained winds were still at 70 miles per hour as it moved from the Gulf Coast into the Houston area. The National Hurricane Center said that up to 10 inches of rain could fall in some places — and some isolated areas of the state may receive 15 inches. Some areas of Houston have already received nearly 10 inches of rainfall, according to data from the Harris County Flood Control District. On Monday morning, local officials in the Houston area said the storm had downed trees and caused street flooding. At least two people died when trees fell onto their residences.

In Rosenberg, a city 35 miles southwest of Houston, a downed tree hit a high water rescue vehicle returning from a rescue, police said on X . Officials there also urged residents to stay off roadways.

Houston Fire Department Chief Samuel Pena underscored the strain on resources due to the high demand for high-water rescues and live wire calls. These are currently the primary service requests, consuming a significant portion of their resources, and they have already helped eight people in high-water rescues.

“Earlier today, we saw a video of a high-water rescue , and you can see how resource-intensive those call types are. We can’t keep using those resources. Please be cautious and heed the warnings,” Pena said.

— Stephen Simpson, Pooja Salhotra and Emily Foxhall

Refineries begin reporting storm-related air pollution

Some refineries along the Texas coast have shut down due to Hurricane Beryl and are self-reporting instances of “unintentional” emissions.

In one instance, Freeport LNG, a large natural gas terminal on the coast of Brazoria County, reported releases of over 8,000 pounds of unplanned air pollution on Sunday. Pollutants included ethylene , a chemical with a faint sweet and musky odor, that can cause headache, dizziness, fatigue, and lightheadedness if people are exposed to it in large amounts overtime.

In their report to the state, the company wrote the facility was proactively shutting down before the hurricane winds caused power outages.

“[The shutdown] resulted in a subsequent unavoidable venting,” the report said.

Flaring, a process for burning unwanted gas to relieve pressure or clear pipes, usually happens before or during extreme weather events, said Luke Metzger, executive director of the nonprofit Environment Texas.

The Marathon Galveston Bay Refinery in Texas City, along the Houston Ship Channel, tweeted the facility was flaring Monday morning due to a brief power disruption during the storm. No report has been submitted to the state yet.

Metzger said Beryl’s pollution events are low compared to Hurricane Harvey’s 8.3 million pounds of air pollution reported to the state, but suspects more facilities will submit reports after the storm’s passing.

“I was surprised looking at the pollution reports that there has been relatively little pollution reported,” Metzger said. “That’s either good news because the storm had less of an impact [on refineries] or facilities [operators] have learned their lesson.”

Disclosure: CenterPoint Energy has been a financial supporter of The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan news organization that is funded in part by donations from members, foundations and corporate sponsors. Financial supporters play no role in the Tribune's journalism. Find a complete list of them here .

Stephen Simpson , Maria Probert Hermosillo , Berenice Garcia , Kayla Guo and Dante Motley contributed to this report.

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Information about the authors

Pooja Salhotra

General assignment reporter.

[email protected]

@PoojaSalhotra

Alejandra Martinez

Environmental reporter.

[email protected]

@alereports

Emily Foxhall

Climate reporter.

[email protected]

East Texas Reporter

[email protected]

@JessHuff16

Contributors

Stephen Simpson

Mental health reporter.

[email protected]

@Steve55Simpson

Maria Probert Hermosillo

Berenice Garcia

Rio grande valley reporter.

[email protected]

@berenice__g

[email protected]

Dante Motley

[email protected]

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Economy Environment State government Hurricanes

How to Prepare for a Hurricane? Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Hurricanes are considered to be one of the most devastating and dangerous cataclysms known to mankind. Fortunately, today, there exist ways to predict hurricanes and their routes so that the regions that are likely to be under risk can prepare beforehand and take all the necessary measures to ensure the safety and security of the population.

The major threats during a hurricane include:

• Windborne debris;
• Strong winds;
• Storm surge.

Preparing for an upcoming hurricane, one has two major objectives:

• Protect oneself and close ones;
• Protect the properties (FEMA, n.d.).

For the safety of people, several solutions are depending on the severity of the hurricane: evacuation is the first option if the risk is very high, shelters and staying at home are the solutions in cases when the danger is not as serious. To protect properties, individuals are to remove everything that can result in windborne debris – secure trees, put away objects that can be carried away by strong winds. If there is a danger of flooding, the properties as well as people need to be elevated, moved to the upper floors of the buildings, and waterproofed. Finally, one should purchase respective types of insurance for natural disasters such as floods and hurricanes to obtain reimbursement for the damage.

The individuals living in regions exposed to hurricanes must know the range of danger specific to their particular areas, as well as the most typical risks and threats during floods and hurricanes. To stay on track with the latest weather information, it is important to follow the forecasting and pay attention to warnings and notifications.

Apart from staying aware of the threats and knowing what should be done in theory in case if a disaster strikes, one is to train and practice his/her actions for emergencies (NHC, n.d.). For example, it is useful to practice packing necessary supplies, and knowing the way to the shelter built specifically for disasters, or train oneself and family members how to act at home during a hurricane (occupying a small room without windows that would not be flooded).

Moreover, communication with close ones is critical in emergencies. In cases where the telephone connection and electricity are not working, it is important to have a plan of action: where to meet with the family members and friends and have the numbers of close people written down. Also, it is crucial to master some basic first aid skills to be able to help people when they are hurt. There are specialized courses and classes training people on how to respond to emergencies.

Moreover, the supplies one has with them play a significant role in their safety and security. One is to pack the necessary items beforehand. The most basic set of supplies includes medications and a first aid kit, warm clothes and blankets, drinking water and snacks, flashlights and extra batteries, rain protection, duct tape, and matches (USCG, n.d.). Before and during the hurricane, it is important to pay attention to all the news and weather changes using accessing whatever mass media is available – television, radio, or the internet – and making decisions quickly, depending on the situations that occur. Careful preparations, mindfully packed supplies, and well-thought-through means of communication and information are the keys to one’s safety and survival during the disasters.

FEMA. (n.d.). How to prepare for a hurricane . Web.

NHC. (n.d.). Hurricane preparedness – Be Ready . Web.

USCG. (n.d.). Suggested hurricane supply list . Web.

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IvyPanda. (2020, October 13). How to Prepare for a Hurricane? https://ivypanda.com/essays/how-to-prepare-for-a-hurricane/

"How to Prepare for a Hurricane?" IvyPanda , 13 Oct. 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/how-to-prepare-for-a-hurricane/.

IvyPanda . (2020) 'How to Prepare for a Hurricane'. 13 October.

IvyPanda . 2020. "How to Prepare for a Hurricane?" October 13, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/how-to-prepare-for-a-hurricane/.

1. IvyPanda . "How to Prepare for a Hurricane?" October 13, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/how-to-prepare-for-a-hurricane/.

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James M. Inhofe, Senator Who Denied Climate Change, Dies at 89

An Oklahoma Republican who led the Environment Committee, he took hard-right stands on many issues but was especially vocal in challenging evidence of global warming.

By Robert D. McFadden

James M. Inhofe, a five-term Republican senator from Oklahoma and, until President Donald J. Trump’s arrival in 2017, arguably Washington’s most prominent denier of the established science of human-generated climate change, died on Tuesday in Tulsa, Okla. He was 89.

His death, in a hospital, was announced in a statement by his family, which said the cause was a stroke.

A son of an insurance executive, Mr. Inhofe (pronounced IN-hoff) was, in his 20s and early 30s, a tenacious, litigious Tulsa businessman who, like Mr. Trump, made and lost fortunes as he ventured into ambitious real estate, land development and insurance deals that overlapped with the start of his political career a half-century ago.

After a decade in Oklahoma’s Legislature (1967-77), during which he lost races for governor and a seat in Congress, Mr. Inhofe became a three-term mayor of Tulsa (1978-84), before serving seven years in the House of Representatives (1987-94) and winning his Senate seat in a special election. After two years as a replacement, he was re-elected four times, in 1996, 2002, 2008, 2014 and 2020. He decided to step down two years into his fifth full term and retired in early January 2023.

Sometimes called Capitol Hill’s most conservative politician, Mr. Inhofe opposed abortion, L.G.B.T.Q. rights, health care legislation and campaign-finance reforms while supporting the death penalty, gun rights, counterterrorism powers, offshore oil drilling and constitutional amendments to require balanced budgets and ban flag desecration.

His voting record got overwhelmingly positive ratings from right-wing groups like Freedom Works, and overwhelmingly negative ratings from the American Civil Liberties Union and the N.A.A.C.P.

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