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Computer Science and Information Technology (CS) and Civil Engineering (CE) will be conducted as multi-session papers in GATE 2025. More precisely, they will be two-session papers. This means that the candidates will be assigned to one of the sessions only — either the forenoon session or the afternoon session. The question papers will be different for each session. Test papers are held in multiple sessions when the candidate count is so high that they cannot all appear for the test in the same session. The scores of the candidates will be normalized according to the normalization formula given in Section 13.2 of the Information Brochure.
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28 Pages Posted: 24 Jun 2024
affiliation not provided to SSRN
Rio de Janeiro State University
Katarzyna bierla, jefferson santos de gois.
Consumption of insects increasingly contributes to sustainable nutrition and global food security. This study examines the content and bioaccessibility of essential trace elements Fe, Zn, and Cu in edible insects such as mealworms, silkworms, sago worms, crickets, black scorpions, and weaver ants. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), significant variability in metal content was found among insect species, with overall content higher than in meat. Bioaccessibility studies simulating gastrointestinal digestion showed Fe, Zn, and Cu bioaccessibility ranging from 45% to 65%, higher in mealworms than Orthoptera species. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) - ICP-MS revealed the molecular forms of Fe, Zn, and Cu during digestion, with intense peaks in the elution range of low molecular mass compounds in intestinal digests, indicating complexation with organic molecules. The study underscores the nutritional potential of edible insects as rich sources of Fe, Zn, and Cu.
Keywords: sustainable food sources, essential elements, gastrointestinal digestion, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), ICP MS, zinc, Iron, Copper
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Assurance schemes (certifications and labels) are widespread in the agri-food sector. This paper reviews the landscape of existing schemes, and the evidence on whether labels change consumer behaviour, and whether assurance schemes achieve positive change on the farm. The impact of existing labels on shopping behaviours appears limited: even for well-established schemes, market shares remain low, as factors such as taste, health, or price appear to dominate consumer decisions. Regarding farm-level effects, not all crops, standards, and geographies have been equally well studied, and many studies find no effect; but when an effect is found, it is usually positive. The paper identifies actions to improve the effectiveness and inclusiveness of existing and new assurance schemes, and also highlights the new trend of labels which communicate environmental impacts, rather than conformity with process or production requirements.
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The test papers will be in English. Each GATE 2025 paper is for a total of 100 marks, General Aptitude (GA) is common for all papers (15 marks), and the rest of the paper covers the respective test paper syllabus (85 marks). Click here for detailed pattern of the question papers.
Abstract. Consumption of insects increasingly contributes to sustainable nutrition and global food security. This study examines the content and bioaccessibility of essential trace elements Fe, Zn, and Cu in edible insects such as mealworms, silkworms, sago worms, crickets, black scorpions, and weaver ants.
Assurance schemes (certifications and labels) are widespread in the agri-food sector. This paper reviews the landscape of existing schemes, and the evidence on whether labels change consumer behaviour, and whether assurance schemes achieve positive change on the farm.