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Masarykova univerzita

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Bakalářské a magisterské práce

Vypracování závěrečné (bakalářské nebo diplomové) práce je jednou z nejdůležitějších součástí studia, jíž prokazujete schopnost samostatného myšlení a analýzy problémů. Zpracování závěrečné práce se řídí pravidly, která stanovují její formální i obsahové náležitosti. Pravidla si může stanovit každé pracoviště individuálně. Detailní informace proto hledejte na webu fakulty, katedry nebo ústavu.

Archiv závěrečných prací

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Masaryk University Faculty of Science

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Instructions and templates for Bachelor’s and Master’s theses

• Bachelor's & Master's Studies
• Advanced Master's State Examination
• Lifelong Learning

Dean’s Measure 3/2019  stipulates mandatory sections that must be included in the Bachelor’s and Master’s theses at the Faculty of Science of Masaryk University. You can download the mandatory sections to be included in you thesis below.

The final thesis must include a copy of an official valid assignment without handwritten signatures, which will be firmly and inseparably bound with the thesis. A valid scanned copy of this assignment without handwritten signatures shall also be a part of the electronic version.

Final theses in a foreign language

If the specification of the final thesis does not expressly enable that the thesis be drawn up in a foreign language (e.g. in Slovak), the student may apply for this option. The application is submitted through the Document Office in the Information System of Masaryk University. Information on how to proceed in submitting the application can be found  here . The application will be granted if it is recommended by the thesis supervisor and his/her superior, i.e. the director of the respective department. It is not necessary to apply for permission to write the final thesis in English, but it is necessary to have the language of the thesis included in the assignment of the final thesis.

In the case of final theses drawn up in a foreign language, the name of the thesis and the print on its binding must also be given in the Czech language. The description (objective) of the thesis can be given in Slovak/English. The acknowledgements and declaration may be made in English.

Theses drawn up in the Slovak language shall include bibliography and abstract in the Czech, Slovak and English languages (in this order); the remaining mandatory sections shall be governed by  Dean’s Measure 3/2019 .

Templates and instructions on how to use them can be found  here .

How to write a final thesis – a free video course for students of Master’s and Bachelor’s degree programmes

Within the Masaryk University Development Fund, video lectures that give students advice about the process of writing a Master’s or a Bachelor’s thesis were created. The course includes, amongst other things, tips on how to prevent procrastination and be productive. The videos are available in the Information System in the following folders: Documents --> Faculty of Science --> Video Recordings --> How to write a final thesis /do/sci/video/Jak_napsat_DP/

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BA programme – Politics, Media and Communication

Students write their bachelor thesis over the course of two of their last semesters. They enroll in PMCb1014 Bachelor thesis I. (the 5th semester) and subsequently Bachelor thesis II. (the 6th semester), together granting 16ECTS.

Timetable and Major Steps

Topic selection, pmcb1014 bachelor thesis i, pmcb1015 bachelor thesis ii, thesis submission.

by the date specified in the semester schedule

Thesis Defense

Detailed information about the topic selection and writing of the thesis:.

Writing and defending the bachelor's thesis is part of receiving the degree. The thesis is written over the two last semesters under the supervision of a teacher (the supervisor within the framework of the two compulsory courses PMCb1014 Bachelor thesis I and PMCb1015 Bachelor thesis II). The thesis is graded by the supervisor and a reviewer and defended in front of the bachelor's degree committee.

In their penultimate semester (typically 5th), students enroll in PMCb1014 Bachelor Thesis I. (PMCb1014). Students seek out a supervisor based either on a lecturer’s supervisor fields, or students can contact a prospective supervisor and suggest their topic of thesis ((It can be any member of the Department of Media Studies and Journalism or the Department of Political Science). The supervisor must approve the topic before it can be entered into the Information System (IS) by the semester deadline (the deadline for the topics of bachelor theses). Students then proceed to consult the thesis with the supervisor and fulfill the requirements of PMCb1014 Bachelor Thesis I.. The outcome of the course Bachelor Thesis I is a detailed research design of the bachelor thesis (for more details see the course syllabus).

In their final semester (typically the 6th), students enroll in PMCb1015 Bachelor Thesis II . Based on the research design prepared as the outcome of PMCb1014 Bachelor thesis I, students work on the text of the thesis and consult it with the supervisor. The thesis shall consist of between 8,000 and 10,000 words, excluding the abstract, notes, and bibliography . The thesis must fulfill the requirements defined in the PMCb1015 Bachelor Thesis II syllabusand submitted by the deadlines set in the semester schedule. .

Bachelor theses shall meet the criteria and structure typical for empirical research papers (the supervisor must explicitly approve other genres, such as theoretical or methodological papers). The primary goal of the research paper is to expand our understanding of a particular phenomenon. The research paper is based on the definition of a specific research problem, organization and management of independently conducted research, analyzing and interpreting primary or secondary data, relating the data analysis to social science theory and composing an academic text while meeting the theoretical, methodological and formal standards in the field of political science, media studies, or political communication.

Final theses should primarily utilize reliable secondary data. The collection and analysis of original data is allowed (although not expected) and are subject to approval by the supervisor based on the student's capabilities. Theses may take the form of unique case studies, focusing on a specific phenomenon within one or multiple countries, or may emphasize comparison, studying multiple countries or trends over time. Students can employ available quantitative data, such as questionnaire surveys or aggregated statistics, and qualitative data, such as media system analyses, or combine both depending on the thesis objectives.

The suggested structure of the thesis is as follows:

Introduction: The introduction of the topic, justification of its relevance, the formulation of the main research question and brief introduction of the paper's main arguments. The Introduction may include a summary of the results

Theory/Literature review: Definition of the conceptual framework or theory, summarization and the critical review of the state of the art (the existing research, knowledge, gap). Explanation of the main (theoretical) arguments and research questions and – if needed – formulation of hypotheses.

Data and methods: Description of the data used in the analysis (including data collection description), operationalization, data processing method. The method and the data used in the analysis are derived from the type of the research question.

Results: Presentation of analysis, discussion of results, evaluation of hypotheses/answers to research questions.

Conclusion: After a summary of the goals of the thesis, the conclusion summarizes the results and discusses them in the context of the existing research. Limitations of the analysis and possible direction of future research may be part of the conclusion.

To avoid having to deal with most of the formatting parameters, we recommend using the MUNI template .

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Conflict and Democracy Studies

Master’s Thesis

Topic registration.

You must register your thesis topic at least one semester in advance (for the exact deadline please see the academic calendar ). You must consult the topic with potential supervisor before registering.

Length of the thesis  

The length of a Master's thesis is 126,000 – 198,000 characters, including spaces (70–110 standard pages). The character count includes footnotes but excludes the title page, declaration, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of abbreviations, appendices, and bibliography.

Required components of the thesis:

• Title page with the name of the university, faculty and program, title of the thesis, type of the thesis (Master’s), name of the author, their UČO, and place and year of completion;
• Declaration of originality (authorship);
• The cover of the printed version must include the name of the university and faculty, type of the thesis (Master’s), name of the author, and place and year of completion;
• Table of contents
• Total number of characters (the character count includes spaces, footnotes but excludes the title page, declaration, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of abbreviations, appendices, and bibliography);
• Main text of the thesis;
• Bibliography;
• Annotation and keywords (must be submitted to the IS as well).
• Please use the University template   (the first page must follow the template exactly, others may loosely). ​

A thesis may include acknowledgements with thanks to the supervisor and/or other people.

• Format: A4, double sided printing is allowed,
• Font size: 12 in text, 11 in notes,
• Spacing: 1,5 in text, 1 in notes,
• Notes: Footnotes or endnotes at the end of each chapter or the whole text; notes must be numbered in Arabic numerals.
• Figures, tables, and pictures: all must be numbered and referenced; they may be included directly in the text or in an appendix.
• All pages must be numbered.
• Students are required to uphold academic honesty rules. For the expected citation style see the  Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date Quick Guide . Plagiarism and other breaches of academic integrity will not be tolerated.
• The bibliography comes at the end of the thesis and must be sorted alphabetically. Sources without an author are sorted according to the first letter of their title. Titles in foreign languages are not translated. Titles written in a non-Latin script should be transliterated into Latin script.

Submitting the thesis

Students must enroll in the course “Diploma seminar” in the semester when they plan to defend their thesis. The Diploma seminar must be successfully completed before the thesis defense. Requirements for completing the course are set by the supervisor – typically, students must submit a rough draft of the thesis. Students submit the final text of the thesis in two identical versions:

• An electronic version uploaded into the Archive of Theses/Dissertations in the IS, and
• A printed version submitted to the department (one hard copy).

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A study on expenditure, employment, and wage effects of contracting cities and non-contracting cities: Do all contracting services have the same results?

The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of contracting on expenditure, employment, and wage levels in municipal government. The most important question is whether contracting cities can reduce expenditures, employment, and wages more than non-contracting cities do, and whether the reductions depend on the monitoring costs of the particular service. If expenditures, employment, and wages were saved by contracting out with the private sector, contracting cities should show the reduction of those economic indicators. A second question is why some services provided by contracting arrangement are not more efficient than those provided by municipal government. A final question is whether any pervasive demographic, economic, and political factors affect municipal expenditures, employment, and wages. To test these questions, I used a multiple regression analysis model to estimate the effects of contracting on expenditures, employment, and wages across different services. The primary database available for this paper is the "Alternative Service Delivery Approaches-1992," conducted by International City/County Management Association (ICMA). The major empirical finding presented in this paper is that, in general, contracting out with the private sector does not have significant effects on expenditure, employment, and wage levels in municipal governments; contracting out does not reduce the aggregate expenditures, employment, and wages of municipal government. This empirical evidence is not consistent with the general conclusion that contracting arrangement is more efficient mode, and thus yields cost savings relative to public provision. Associated with the individual service area, there is weak evidence that contracting effect is somewhat different from the characteristics of public services; individual service contracting does not lead to more efficient municipal government. One of the most important implications drawn from this paper is that it may be ineffective to try contracting out with private firms to reduce municipal expenditure, employment, and wage levels. In other words, the cost savings obtained from contracting services may be exaggerated; cost savings from contracting services are not realized. Another implication in relation with Niskanen bureau is that although cost savings from service contracting may be realized, these cost savings from service contracting may be internalized by the department, and the net effect on total municipal expenditure may not be realized. It is hard to monitor the amount saved mainly due to information asymmetry among principals (elected officials), bureaucrats, and voters. Therefore, the practice of contracting services in municipal government still remains problematic, largely due to the difficulty of tracing the impact on the potential alternative uses of the cost savings from contracting out.

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Department of English and American Studies

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Bachelor's Diploma Thesis

Length of the Bachelor's Diploma Thesis: no less than 65,000 characters (the required minimum, including spaces) and typically no more than 85,000 characters, depending on the nature of the thesis.

The length includes footnotes, endnotes and bibliography. It does not include the title pages, table of contents, acknowledgments and appendices.

Students in the minor study plan (vedlejší studijní plán) do not write a thesis in this Department.

The deadlines for diploma thesis submission are:

For autumn semester, the deadline is set to November 30 (state exam in January/February) For spring semester, the deadline is set to April 30 (state exam in June)

Stylesheet formatting: The preferred stylesheet is Chicago Manual of Style, footnote version (CMOS), and APA for theses in Literary/Cultural Studies and Linguistis/Methodology/Translation studies, respectively. However, if you were trained in MLA , and implementing any other stylesheet would result in erroneous results, please stick to the stylesheet that you are familiar with at this point. It is not necessary to put more pressure on you when you need to focus on the contect quality in the first place. Please, inform your supervisor about the used stylesheet in case you are going to use MLA rather that CMOS or APA. It is important to stick to one selected stylesheet throughout the thesis.

The form of submission: Besides electronic submission (into your thesis archive and also to the homework vault in the course of Diploma Thesis) it is also necessary to hand in one hard copy (spiral binding or “termovazba” is enough) at the department secretary office.

Template for the Diploma Thesis

Students are encouraged to ask for clarification if they are unsure and seek guidance on variances from these norms.

The regular length of this programme of studies is six semesters. Therefore, you should primarily devote the sixth semester to writing the Bachelor's Diploma Thesis. However, the process of writing must be preceded by extensive research and preparation. You should manage the research by the end of the semester prior to the last one, i.e. the fifth one.

• If you are planning to finish your studies in the sixth semester, you must decide on the field of your Thesis at the beginning of of the FIFTH semester of your studies. At this point, see the professor whom you wish to be your supervisor and discuss your topic and the idea. Then enter your topic into the IS (Student > V průběhu semestru > Rozpisy témat > Bakalářská > Témata: založit).
• In the FIFTH semester of your studies, register for AJL19800 (Bachelor's Thesis Seminar) in the IS. You will only be signed up for this course after if you have got the agreement from the supervisor and the topic in the IS. During this semester, you will do your research and work on your thesis proposal. By the end of this semester, you should know precisely what you will deal with in your Thesis, and have done most of the research and reading. To be able to do this, be sure to SEE YOUR SUPERVISOR REGULARLY to assist you.
• In the SIXTH (i.e. the last) semester, register for AJL19801 (Bachelor's Thesis Seminar II) and AJ19850 (Bachelor's Diploma Thesis) in the IS. Start writing the Thesis as soon as possible and see your supervisor regularly. Remember: it is difficult and time consuming to produce a Thesis! You should think about your writing schedule in the terms of months rather than days or weeks. If you are graduating in the Spring semester, the deadline is set by the Faculty to April 30 (for defense in June). Lately this deadline was shifted to mid-May; if you are graduating in the Fall semester, the deadline is November 30 (defense in January or February). Lately this deadline was shifted to mid-December. Theses submitted after the deadline will not be accepted (it is possible to submit a petition for a postponed deadline, but only serious reasons will be considered, such as a long study stay abroad or serious illness).
• All three seminars (AJL19800, AJL19801) and the Thesis itself (AJL19850) are graded with credit ("zápočet" = Z) in the IS. You will get a "Z" for the Seminar I in the IS if you pass the assignments in the E-course in ELF. You will get a "Z"  for the Seminar II in the IS for regularly consultation with your supervisor and submiting chapters to him/her. You will get a "Z" for the Thesis in the IS if you fulfill the formal criteria as set by the Faculty and the Department (see above). You will receive a grade after a defense. Prior to the defense, you will get a report from the second reader (if it is negative, you will get a report from the supervisor, too). You will then defend the Thesis as a part of the State Examination before a committee (supervisor, second reader, the chairperson) and receive a grade which will then appear on your diploma.

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Thesis/Dissertation Archive

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From the day the study department takes over the work, its archive is published to the whole world. The work remains public even if the study department has canceled the takeover or granted you a three-day exemption for manipulating the archive.

When pasting with ZIP, there may be massive name changes with accents.

Only files related to the final thesis can be added to the archive. Using the archive to distribute other files will be penalized. The system operators will forward the detected violations to the disciplinary commission for resolution.

1 Thesis submission form.

1 Overview of downloaded files.

It is possible to insert the text of the thesis in the format for MS Word (.doc or .docx), in the form of a text document in the OpenDocument ODF format (.odt) or in portable PDF document format (.pdf). If you are submitting a work format for MS Word or OpenDocument ODF, then Creates PDF and plain text automatically. If you insert a PDF directly, plain text is also created from the PDF automatically. Insert attachments or other related files at your own discretion.

The uploaded file (submitted work) must not be password locked, encrypted or otherwise unreadable.

Documents created in OpenOffice.org or LibreOffice do not need to be converted to MS Word format (.doc or .docx extension), it is better to keep the files in native ODF format (.odt extension) or export them directly to a portable format PDF documents (.pdf extension). Make sure that the files in the final thesis archive correspond to your ideas. It's a good idea to check all the files, both uploaded and created automatically – text version of the document and possibly a PDF variant. If the conversion was not successful, insert the files directly in the PDF.

• 3. When is the archive sufficiently full? The following criteria will be used to assess whether the archive with the final thesis is filled: The annotation is filled in with English text with a length of at least 100 characters. If the student is studying fields, at least one of which is in Czech or Slovak, then he is obliged to fill in a Czech annotation with a length of at least 100 characters. Keywords are filled with text that is at least 30 characters long. The archive contains at the top level a text version of at least about 3000 characters and an attached file in MS Word format (.doc or .docx), ODF or PDF. The language of the final thesis is filled in. The conformity of the electronic and possible printed variant of the final thesis is confirmed. The result of the assessment is communicated to the student in applications related to the final exam. There are links from the search pages (People) to the archives that are sufficiently filled and the work has an embedded stamp.

Before you submit your hard copy, make sure that the contents of all the files included in the archive (including those converted to PDF and plain text) match your expectations. Please note that the study department is not obliged to grant you a three-day exemption for manipulating the archive.

• 5. How do I request to hide part of the final thesis? You can request to hide part of the final thesis only in exceptional circumstances according to Article 40 of the SZŘ. . The application can be submitted via the "Document Office": The Information system Student During Studies Document Office Submit a new application Žádost o skrytí části závěrečné práce It is necessary for the student to state the files to be hidden in the application and to enter them separately in the archive under a suitable name. It depends on the agreement with the supervisor whether it will be two versions of the text of the thesis or only separate chapters or appendices of the thesis. The application will be forwarded to the responsible persons for assessment, you will be informed of the result by e-mail. After the request is approved, the administrative worker sets the required files to hide before the job is published.

§ 47b Zveřejňování závěrečných prací (1) Vysoká škola nevýdělečně zveřejňuje disertační, diplomové, bakalářské a rigorózní práce, u kterých proběhla obhajoba, včetně posudků oponentů a výsledku obhajoby prostřednictvím databáze kvalifikačních prací, kterou spravuje. Způsob zveřejnění stanoví vnitřní předpis vysoké školy. (2) Disertační, diplomové, bakalářské a rigorózní práce odevzdané uchazečem k obhajobě musí být též nejméně pět pracovních dnů před konáním obhajoby zveřejněny k nahlížení veřejnosti v místě určeném vnitřním předpisem vysoké školy nebo není-li tak určeno, v místě pracoviště vysoké školy, kde se má konat obhajoba práce. Každý si může ze zveřejněné práce pořizovat na své náklady výpisy, opisy nebo rozmnoženiny. (3) Platí, že odevzdáním práce autor souhlasí se zveřejněním své práce podle tohoto zákona, bez ohledu na výsledek obhajoby.

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In the following listing you can find all successfully defended theses at the DPPT from the last years. All theses are accessible in the IS and you can read them. Get inspired and join our research!

Year of publication 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

Total number of theses: 0

Total number of theses: 1

Master theses

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PhD Thesis Proposal

List of PhD Thesis Proposal Defences

Students are requested to enroll the mandatory DTEDI course one semester before they intend to submit the thesis proposal. It is highly recommended by the Doctoral Board to enroll this course no later than for the 4th semester of study . - enroll DTEDI course for Autumn semester/September -- submission of the thesis proposal at the end of Autumn semester/mid of January -- defence of the thesis proposal and taking the State Doctoral Exam at the end of Spring semester/June) - enroll DTEDI course for Spring semester/February -- submission of the thesis proposal at the end of Spring semester/first week in September -- defence of the thesis proposal and taking the State Doctoral Exam at the end of Autumn semester/January)

The thesis proposal for the doctoral state examination is submitted by the student in writing in advance. It consists of a detailed overview of student’s research area and the proposed research plan. The thesis proposal may also contain original results already obtained by the student, but that is not mandatory. The proposal is then reviewed by independent experts, and the task of the review process and the subsequent defense is to determine whether the research plan is realizable (i.e., the student is capable of carrying out this research) and whether the expected outcomes would bring a sufficient original material for the defense of a future doctoral dissertation.

Thesis proposals are requested to be submitted to the Office for Doctoral and International Studies in two bound copies. Thesis proposals can be written in Czech or English.

Students are also requested to submit to nazarej eLnS5hEBP @fi nC_=hx6VS .muni wq62g7Gor .cz an abstract (1/2 - 1 page) in an electronic form, the purpose of which is to describe the intent of the thesis (i.e. the description of the problem and expected results). The abstract is requested in both Czech and English.

Thesis proposals should comprise 15 - 40 pages and should follow the recommended structure given below.

With their signatures supervisors confirm their approval of the content of the thesis proposals.

A Thesis proposal is necessary to hand over together with the application for the Doctoral state exam according to the Academic calendar .

A Thesis proposal defence is a part of the Doctoral State Exam. Students are expected to start with a 12-minute introduction of the intent of their thesis and continue with a defence speech towards the external examiners' reports. A discussion, then two topics (areas) exam and a secret voting by the Thesis Defence and State Examination Committee follow.

Students can submit an application for the recognition of their Thesis proposals as RNDr theses to the Office for Research and Development. Further info here.

For RNDr theses only: Author's publications are supposed to be a part of his RNDr thesis, so they should be inseparably appended to the Thesis proposal (in both electronic and printed versions).

Recommended Structure of a Thesis Proposal:

Masaryk University

Faculty of Informatics

Supervisor:

Brno, date:

Supervisor's Signature:

Introduction

Area of your interest, motivation, summary of chapters, 2-3 pages.

State of the Art

Overview of related scientific work, summary of classical and up-to-date results and their comparison, intent of the thesis, 8-12 pages.

Aims of the Thesis

Aims and methodology of the thesis ("what, why, how"), expected results, achieved results, schedule of planned steps, at least 2 pages.

External examiner assesses if the thesis topic is dissertable and the schedule is realistic.

Achieved Results

Obligatory for RNDr theses, 3-5 pages.

Author's Publications

For publications with more co-authors describe your part briefly (1-2 sentences) and give your overall contribution (in per cent).

Bibliography

Dissertation thesis topics serve as an important checking mechanism particularly as far as the presumptions for a successful continuation of the student's work on the dissertation theme are concerned.

Thesis topics are requested to be submitted at the Office for Research and Development in three binded copies and also in an electronic form (pdf, ps). Thesis topics can be written in Czech or English.

Students are also requested to submit an abstract (1 page) in an electronic form (txt) the purpose of which is to describe the intent of the dissertation thesis (i.e. the description of the problem and expected results). The abstract is requested in both Czech and English.

Thesis topics should comprise 15 - 25 pages and follow the recommended structure given below.

With their signatures supervisors confirm their approval of the content of the thesis topic.

Thesis topic defences are held at an open meeting of the Specialist Board. Students are expected to start with a 12-minute introduction of the intent of their dissertation thesis and continue with a defence speech towards the external examiners' reports. A discussion and voting by the Specialist Board follows.

Since 1st September 2006 thesis topic defence is part of Doctoral State Examination. Thesis topic is necessary to hand over together with the application to the Doctoral State Exanination according to Academic calendar.

Recommended Structure of Dissertation Thesis Topic:

Dissertation thesis title.

Dissertation Thesis Topic

Brno, (date):

Supervisor's Signature:

Introduction (2-3 pages)

Brief Determination of the Problem; Dissertation Thesis Intent; Methods of Solving the Problem; Comparison of Key Results; Justification of Expected Results

Report on Current Results (8-12 pages)

Detailed and Complete Overview of Achieved Results and their Comparison

Dissertation Thesis Intent (at least 2 pages)

Clear Determination of the Dissertation Thesis Intent; Expected Results; Schedule for Further Development; Expected Outcomes

Summary of Study Results (2 pages)

Responsible contact: Ada Nazarejová, DiS.

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Diploma Thesis Writing

Steps to be completed.

The diploma thesis is one of the essential parts of the study, in which each student demonstrates the ability to think independently and analyse problems . Therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to the elaboration of the final thesis and to follow the rules that determine its formal and content requirements.

When you violate the established rules (whether intentionally or through negligence), you risk obtaining "N" from subjects related to the creation of the final thesis. These are the courses Diploma thesis assignment and Diploma Seminar 1 and 2 . You will then be classified by "F" from the final thesis defence. At the same time, the Dean may impose a disciplinary sanction on you, specifically expulse you from studies.

According to the Schedule of the Academic Year , the student selects the topic of his/her thesis first, choosing from a Package of Topics . You find the topics in your IS profile (Student - During studies - Topic List) or you can use the Help section of IS here . Think of the topic of your diploma thesis very well - if your study programme has specializations, your topic must be connected to the specialization you chose.

In order to help students with the creation of the final thesis, the faculty implemented a system of courses that allows good cooperation with the supervisor. Students enrol the course Diploma thesis assignment in the 2nd semester of their Master's degree programme ( provided that you plan to complete the study in the standard length of study of 4 semesters ) .

1. Course Diploma thesis assignment

• The course is offered in the spring semester to students whose studies began in the autumn semester. These students must choose a topic of their thesis in January before enrolment of the course Diploma thesis assignment.
• Students whose studies began in the spring semester enrol the course Diploma thesis assignment in the autumn semester. These students must choose a topic of their thesis in September before enrolment for the course.
• The Diploma thesis assignment is stored in the student's IS profile and later creates an inseparable part of the diploma thesis.

Students receive credits based on the submission of the diploma thesis assignment.

The course is not scheduled.

2. Course Diploma seminar 1

• Students are obliged to enrol on this course in the third semester of their studies.

3. Course Diploma seminar 2

• Students are obliged to enrol on this course in the fourth semester of their studies.

Students are allowed to take the Final state examination only if they receive credits for all three courses.

Thesis template.

When writing the thesis, you should use the official template that you can download here.

Useful links

• Directive No 9/2019 Preparation, Submission, Publication and Evaluation of Bachelor’s, Final and Master’s Theses
• MU study and examination regulations Section 22,23,24,31,34 and 40 in particular.
• Schedule of the Academic Year thesis submission and final state examination dates

Consultations for students

The library at the FEA offers individual consultations for students on their written school work in the context of the technical requirements of academic writing.

Submission & defence

The rules for the Bachelor's or Diploma thesis defence and submission are governed by the MU Study and Examinations Regulations (Section 22, paragraph 2), 3) and 4) and DIRECTIVE No 9/2019 (Section 5).

The Bachelor's or Diploma final thesis must be uploaded in your archive in the MU Information System (the procedure to follow when entering the final work is described in the MU Information System ) to a date set by the Academic year schedule. The secretary of your department is supervising the correct form of the thesis.

Versions of thesis

Only the electronic version of the thesis is required for the purposes of long-term archiving and it is also used as a base document to draft its assessment and report. You do not need to submit the printed version.  Please, follow the webpages of the faculty for the actual information on the form of the FSE. 

Only in the event of the unsuccessful thesis defence at the state examination when the examination board rates your thesis with the „F“ grading , may you make changes to your thesis or write a brand new one and submit it the newly created archive – your previous final thesis will, however, remain deposited in the MU IS. The basic rules of thesis writing, submission and defence are governed by the MU Study and Examinations Regulations (Chapter V, Sections 31, 33 and 34).

Changes in uploaded thesis

A copy once submitted may not be handled in any way, it is not possible to make any alterations to it, whether formal or content-specific.

• MU Study and Examination Regulations Chapter V, Sections 31, 33 and 34; Section 22 paragraph 2-4.
• MU Information System
• Directive no. 9/2019 Section 5

Non-public Data

Should the final thesis contain data and information (e.g. company accounting or data subject to a trade secret) which may not be publicised...

What to do?

Students are required to conclude an agreement with the data provider, the binding template of which can be found in Appendix No. 3 of DIRECTIVE No 9/2019 .

This signed agreement is part of the Application for making part of the diploma work non-public , which is submitted by the student in the Document office in the IS at least 30 days prior to the submission deadline:

IS MU – Student – Document office – Submitting new application – Application for making part of the diploma work non-public .

Further students have to divide the work into two sections to make it possible for some parts of the text to be publicised and for other parts to remain stored in a non-public archive. Usually, it is divided into a theoretical part (which is publishable) and practical part (which is considered as non-public). These parts need to be properly named so the administrator knows what part is supposed to be hidden.

Students enter their thesis in its entirety in your MU IS archive, but divided into individual files including the non-public sections as mentioned above. We recommend that on thesis submission you ask the administrator of the international office to tick the concealment of the required files (should you fail to do so, all the parts will become publicly accessible on thesis submission).

The ultimate decision on which parts are to be concealed is, however, made by the thesis supervisor. It is advisable to discuss the extent of concealment with the supervisor beforehand. This may even be included in the thesis assignment. In any case, it is essential that the parts intended for publication contain a clear statement of the thesis goals and results including the reasons for non-publication of some of its parts.

• Directive no. 9/2019 Appendix No. 3

Formal rules of thesis writing

The formal arrangement, length, font type and size, chapter structure, manner of printing and binding, submission, etc.; are governed by DIRECTIVE No 9/2019 which refers to the norm regulating the bibliographic references (ČN ISO 690). Students are required to read the Directive and not later than from 2020/2021 use the presented template.

Official description

The Bachelor's or Diploma thesis includes its Official description . The binding Thesis Description is deposited in the MU IS and its printed form signed by the Dean acts as a supplement to the Final examination record (the printed version is stored in the International office).

It is your responsibility to include in the electronic as well as printed form of your thesis the Thesis Description which may be downloaded from the following MU IS application:

Student – End of Studies – Print Thesis Desription.

The Description included in the thesis does not include the signatures.

The gravest violation of rules of thesis writing (the greatest offence in the academic world in general) is constituted by plagiarism , i.e. a theft or fraudulent adoption of intellectual property of another. Plagiarism by its definition is always perceived as an intentionally committed offence . It is in your own interest to fully familiarize yourselves with the definition of plagiarism and with the binding rules of source acknowledgement (i.e. quoting the sources of adopted passages and ideas) which are governed by DIRECTIVE No 9/2019 .

Teachers (thesis supervisors) and supervisors are obliged to inspect adherence to these rules and ask the Dean to initiate disciplinary proceedings with a student in question. The Faculty disciplinary board is guided by the Disciplinary Code and the proceedings may even result in an unconditional expulsion from the study programme. There is a tool in the IS MU called „Vejce vejci“ (Find similar documents) which you can use to check your work for plagiarism. You just need to upload your work in your IS Depository and use the „Vejce vejci“ tool (it is a symbol of 2 eggs). The similar parts of the text are then highlighted.

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International Relations and European Politics – Faculty of Social Studies

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• Master's thesis
• International Student Guide

Your Master's thesis

Your Master’s thesis is part of receiving your degree. It is written over two semesters, graded by your supervisor and a reviewer, and finally defended in front of the master’s degree committee.   

The thesis shall consist of between 20,000 and 26,000 words, including notes and a bibliography. Format and submit the manuscript according to the  university template (the first page must follow the template exactly, others may loosely). The thesis may be written in five specific genres:  

Deadlines and guides

SEMESTER DEADLINES

Creating a topic (GUIDE)

• The Master's thesis is written over the course of two semesters. SEE DEADLINES IN SIDEBOX. 
• In your penultimate semester (typically 3 rd ) ,   enroll   in Diploma Seminar I.    
• Seek a supervisor based on the topic   on which you would like to work.   There are various strategies how to find one. Firstly, you might ask according to themes and topics you have seen them discuss during your courses. Secondly, look at supervisor general fields or at medallions of lecturers on the Department’s website. Finally, if   these avenues have been exhausted ,   contact the program’s study advisor ,   who will help you to choose a supervisor.  
• Contact   the selected advisor  personally or by email  and consult   them   about the topic. Create a specific topic and enter it into the IS list (see sidebox for .pdf visual guide and deadline ). 
• Fulfill the requirements of Diploma Seminar I. by submitting part of the thesis into the homework vault labeled by the name of your supervisor.    
• You will   receive   feedback; unsuccessful submissions may be resubmitted before the end of the examination period.  
• In your final semester (typically 4 th ) ,   enroll   into Diploma Seminar II.  
• You continue cooperating with your supervisor and fulfill the   course requirements   by submitting   the majority of the thesis as per Diploma Seminar II course instructions.  
• You will receive   an   evaluation ; unsuccessful   submissions will not proceed to the handing of a final thesis . They   rework   the thesis   next semester.  
• Students submit   complete   thesis according to the deadline.  

Theses genres

Students choose among four* types of thesis format: 1) Research paper 2) Literature review 3) Policy paper 4) Extended position paper

* Other Master's thesis formats which do not correspond to any of the above are permitted only in exceptional, duly justified cases, and only with the express consent of the head of program.

• Each Master's thesis must contain an abstract explicitly stating which of the it follows.
• An active approach to consultations with the supervisor, as well as the student's own initiative in writing the thesis is part of the thesis evaluation.

1. Research paper

The aim of the research paper is to enrich our knowledge of a certain phenomenon or topic. The basis of the research paper is therefore the novelty of the knowledge it brings. The research paper sets out a research question, evaluates how existing scientific literature answers this question, determines what is missing in the existing literature, and fills this knowledge gap. In doing so, the research paper proceeds to answer the question with reference to its theoretical underpinnings.

A research paper should adhere to the following structure:

• Introduction: The introduction of the topic, the justification of its practical and theoretical importance, the formulation of the main research question (i.e. the general objective of the paper), a brief explanation of why a given phenomenon needs to be examined. It concisely summarizes the results of the analysis and briefly introduces the main thesis of the paper that the author has developed. • Literature review (theoretical part): Conceptualization of concepts, presentation and critical abbreviated evaluation of the existing literature on the topic (a short version of section 2. literature review). A more detailed presentation of the rationale for why a given phenomenon needs to be examined (why existing literature is not enough). Formulation of hypotheses or specific research questions. • Data and methods: Description of the data used in the analysis (including data collection description), variable operationalization, data processing method. Of course, data and variables may be qualitative to quantitative depending on the subject matter of the research. Chosen method of analysis is presented. • Analysis: Presentation of analysis, discussion of results, evaluation of hypotheses / answers to research questions. • Conclusion: Will briefly recall the goal of the paper and the contribution of the paper. It concisely summarizes the results of the analysis and answers the research questions. It will give thought to aspects that potentially weaken the validity of analysis results. It can propose the direction of future research.

The topic of the research paper must consider the extent of the thesis and the necessity to cover all parts of the research paper (literature review, theoretical grounding, data, method). The problem to be examined should therefore be rather limited and well defined and testing should be limited to specific parts of theories or models. We recommend that the topic and the assignment of the research-oriented paper be consulted in a timely manner with the potential supervisor.

Recommended literature: Murray, R. (eds.). How to write a thesis . 3rd ed. Maidenhead, England: McGraw Hill, 2011, 325. ISBN 9780335244294

2. Literature review

The aim is to describe and evaluate the state of research on a topic. The aim of the literature review is to familiarize the reader with existing research on the subject and find out which areas are unexplored and require further research. In other words, the literature review critically summarizes what we know about the subject, what we do not know, and what needs to be further explored.

A literature review is not intended to be a list of annotations for individual scientific papers but should be structured according to topics and sub-topics. Thus, the literature review structure is not based on individual authors (or works), but is based on individual concepts, theories or approaches. While reference to authors and their works is important, it serves only as support for the discussion of concepts, theories, and approaches.

A literature review should have the following characteristics:

• summarizes relevant literature and analyzes it critically • evaluates the current state of knowledge in terms of its completeness and quality • presents the author's insight into the strong and weak points of current knowledge. Furthermore, it identifies which topics do not yet have unambiguous conclusions and where blanks remain in the topic. • presents and analyzes the state of knowledge of the given topic in a synthesizing form, not in the form of a list of authors or scientific works • at the end, clearly summarizes the current level of knowledge, identifies its strengths and weaknesses, and proposes appropriate research questions or hypotheses for future innovative research • a literature review may include a description of the subject, but a critical discussion of the literature still represents the core of the thesis.

Recommended literature: Knopf J.W. 2006. Doing a Literature Review. PS: Political Science and Politics 39(1): 127-132 .

3. Policy paper

The aim of the policy paper is to provide a proposal for solving a social problem. Unlike "research work", the policy paper does not have the ambition to contribute to the theoretical debate on the issue. The policy paper identifies a practical, politically relevant issue that needs to be resolved (such as religious intolerance, corruption, human rights violations in foreign countries, etc.), identifies possible solutions, evaluates these solutions, and clearly suggests a recommended solution to the problem.

The policy paper sometimes distinguishes between "policy study" and "policy analysis". The bachelor thesis expects a policy study, not a policy analysis (see Young and Quinn 2002 for more about differences). Therefore, a work that is not written for a particular client with a specific assignment is expected, but will be about the problem itself. The work will target readers from experts on public policy analysis, not decision makers (i.e. policy makers). In order to support the argumentation, this genre admits and in specific cases even requires the collection of primary data, not just summarizing the already tested one. With regard to the target audience of the readers, the language of the work should be expert and the reasoning should be appropriate in depth.

A policy paper should include the following points: • Abstract clearly summarizing the main argument / recommendation • A description of the serious policy issue and the rationale for addressing the problem. It is necessary to clearly describe the context in which the problem arises and to communicate clearly the purpose / aim of the paper. • The policy paper contains a methodological section (although it differs from a research paper). It is necessary to clearly describe what data is used, how it is analyzed, and what pattern the workflow and argumentation will follow. • Limits of the paper are stated and acknowledged as one study cannot include all aspects of the policy issue being examined. Likewise, data availability issues must be acknowledged. • A description of possible solutions to the problem. • Analysis of the likely impacts of each of the described alternatives, their strengths and weaknesses. • Suggestions of preferred alternatives and arguments for the choice of the offered best solution to the problem.

Recommended literature: Eóin Young a Lisa Quinn. 2002. Writing Effective Public Policy Papers. A Guide for Policy Advisers in Central and Eastern Europe. Open Society Institute.

4. Extended position paper

The aim of the extended position paper is adopting an argumentative stance developed in response to a specific position or theory typically exemplified by a monograph or monographs presenting a coherent view (e.g. world becoming more peaceful as exemplified S.Pinker, normative power Europe as exemplified by I. Manners, microfinancing in international development as exemplified by M. Yunnus).

The position should be made clear throughout the paper. An extended position paper differs from a research paper in lacking the necessity of a methodological approach in answering a yet unanswered question, but does require research. It must consider and evaluate relevant evidence both in support and against the adopted stance and present coherent and persuasive argumentation which will stand up to refute. Furthermore, the extended position paper should not only borrow criticism or supportive arguments from already existing works, but also offer some innovative insight as part of the adopted stance.

An extended position paper should include the following points: • Abstract clearly summarizing the main topic chosen and the stance adopted • A clear introduction of the relevance of the topic to the readership, the reasons for varying stances on the issue at hand, and the stance adopted • A concise and analytical revision of the target monograph/text’s main points, strengths, and weaknesses while identifying clearly the tenets to be argued for or against • Clear argumentative sections encompassing evidence and counter-evidence on the chosen points which best represent the body of the argument • Innovative insight into argumentation on the topic and suggestions on types of research which might strengthen the stance adopted • A conclusion which does not simply restate the position adopted, but assesses its strength in light of the evidence provided and refuted

Recommended literature: Ian Johnston. 2000. Essays and Arguments: A Handbook on Writing Argumentative and Interpretative Essays. VIU.

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Dalton Transactions

Advancing nonlinear optics: discovery and characterization of new non-centrosymmetric phenazine-based halides †.

* Corresponding authors

a The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

b The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

c Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have drawn considerable attention due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties and substantial promise for nonlinear optical applications. In this research, phenazine has been selected as the organic cation because of its π-conjugated feature. Three compounds, (C 12 H 9 N 2 )PbCl 3 , (C 12 H 9 N 2 )SbCl 4 , and (C 12 H 9 N 2 ) 2 InBr 4 ·Br, were synthesized. Initial space group assignments were centrosymmetric for (C 12 H 9 N 2 )PbCl 3 and (C 12 H 9 N 2 )SbCl 4 . However, under 1550 nm laser excitation, (C 12 H 9 N 2 )PbCl 3 and (C 12 H 9 N 2 )SbCl 4 exhibited second harmonic generation intensities ∼1.7 times greater than that of the benchmark KH 2 PO 4 . Structural reevaluation ultimately confirmed non-centrosymmetric P 1 and P 2 1 space groups for (C 12 H 9 N 2 )PbCl 3 and (C 12 H 9 N 2 )SbCl 4 , respectively. Upon excitation at 335 nm and 470 nm, (C 12 H 9 N 2 )PbCl 3 , (C 12 H 9 N 2 )SbCl 4 , and (C 12 H 9 N 2 ) 2 InBr 4 ·Br emit fluorescence at room temperature. (C 12 H 9 N 2 ) 2 InBr 4 ·Br exhibits reversible phase transitions, showing potential for phase change energy storage. Our research underscores the critical role of comprehensive experimental validation in determining the precise crystallographic space groups and reveals the extensive potential of OIMHs as versatile candidates for advanced optoelectronic applications.

Supplementary files

• Supplementary information PDF (1912K)
• Crystal structure data CIF (1033K)

Article information

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Advancing nonlinear optics: discovery and characterization of new non-centrosymmetric phenazine-based halides

Y. Cui, J. Cao, J. Lin, C. Li, J. Yao, K. Liu, A. Hou, Z. Guo, J. Zhao and Q. Liu, Dalton Trans. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4DT01096E

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