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- 50 linking words to use in academic writing
Fiona Oates
- Academic writing
- Commonly confused words
- Critical thinking
- PEEL Paragraphs
- Linking/transition words
- Paraphrasing
- Proofreading
- Terms and definitions
- Action Words: What is description, application, analysis and evaluation
Linking/transition words: Things you need to know...
All assignments are written in formal language. You need to ensure that you demonstrate your knowledge and understanding alongside your ability to answer the question/solve the problem.
Below are some ideas to help you to develop your structure and flow.
- Linking / transition words and phrases join ideas, sentences and paragraphs together. They should be used within sentences and to move from one idea to another (between sentences).
These words and phrases indicate the direction, order and flow of ideas. Significantly, they strengthen the quality and structure of your work.
- Redundant Words - less is more. P articularly when trying to reduce the word count, it is important to look for phrases which can be replaced with a single word.
Linking/Transition Words
Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma:
Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below).
Additional comments or ideas | additionally; also; moreover; furthermore; again; further; then; besides; too; similarly; correspondingly; indeed; regarding. |
Alternatives | whereas; conversely; in comparison; by contrast; another view is…; alternatively; although; otherwise; instead. |
Analysing results | therefore; accordingly; as a result of; the result is/results are; the consequence is; resulting from; consequently; it can be seen; evidence illustrates that; because of this; thus; hence; for this reason; owing to x; this suggests that; it follows that; otherwise; in that case; that implies; Author (year) suggests that; |
Cause / Reason | as a result of; because ( ) |
Compare | compared with; in the same way; likewise |
Contrast | by contrast; although; compared with; conversely; despite; however, nevertheless; yet |
Effect / Result | As a result; therefore; thus |
Emphasising earlier statements | however; nonetheless; furthermore; in the final analysis; despite x; notwithstanding x; in spite of x; while x may be true, nonetheless although; though; after all; at the same time; even if x is true; count |
Introducing examples | for example; for instance; namely; such as; as follows; as exemplified by; such as; including; especially; particularly; in particular; notably; mainly; |
Re-phrasing | in other terms; rather; or; better; in view of this; in contrast |
Sequencing | first (ly); second (ly); third (ly); another; additionally; finally moreover; also; subsequently; eventually; next; then |
Summary or Conclusion | in conclusion; therefore; to conclude; on the whole; hence; thus to summarise; altogether; overall; …following the research of…after analysis |
Linking words: conjunctions
Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the term: think about the function.
for | connects a reason to a result |
and | connects equal and similar ideas |
nor | connects two negative ideas |
but | connects equal but different ideas |
or | connects two equal choices |
yet | connects equal and contrasting ideas |
so | connects a result to a reason |
Conciseness / redundant words
Microsoft Word now has an additional feature within the Edito r - it is called conciseness or wordiness.
- If you cannot see the Editor menu a quick tip is to hold down the function (fn key at the bottom left of the keyboard) + F7 (top line of keys).
- From the Refinements section - select Conciseness - if there are any suggestions a number will appear in the box alongside this option
- A dotted line will appear under any groups of groups
- Either select the identified text by clicking with your right mouse button OR click on the down down next to the Conciseness menu.
- MS Word will display any alternative words which you can either select and they will be replaced in your text or reject if you want to keep the original phrases.
Examples: try to replace phrases with a single words which mean the same.
Instead of ... | Use ... |
employed the use of | used |
basic fundamentals | fundamentals |
alternative choices | alternatives |
in as few words as possible | concisely |
look into | investigate |
put on | gained |
turned down | rejected |
got better | improved |
hit and miss | erratic |
in spite of | although |
Need to know more...
- Related pages
- External links
- Academic writing Illustrates the main features of academic writing so that you are aware of what it is and what it involves
- Critical Thinking Academic work involves thinking, not just accepting what you read or are told.
- Terms and Definitions Important words appear in your assignments and examinations. The aim of this factsheet is to help you to fully understand what they mean.
Additional resources to help you to improve your confidence and grades:-
- Writing Effectively demonstrates the importance of: clarity, structure, relevance, argument and precision.
- Writing Mechanics gives further examples and resources on areas including: sentence structure, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Linking/Transition words - Scribbr https://www.scribbr.co.uk/syntax/transition-words-examples/ [Accessed 10 February 2023]
There are many books concerning academic writing, look around Dewey number 808
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75 linking words for academic writing (+examples)
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic writing.
Linking words expressing order and sequence in academic writing
Example: First, I review the existing literature on cross-border collaboration. Second, I explain the methodology …
Example: The event increased public awareness of this issue. Afterwards, politicians debated it more openly.
Example: Before scientists discovered the role of neurons in information processing, they assumed that…
Linking words expressing additions in academic writing
Example: Additionally, the interviewee lamented a lack of attention to his work.
Example: The financial compensation was also appreciated by the study participants.
You may also like: How to paraphrase a quote: 4 simple strategies
Linking words expressing cause and effect in academic writing
Example: As the number of studies increases, better conclusions can be drawn.
Example: The literature highlights the importance of age and physical fitness. Consequently, these factors will be investigated further.
Linking words expressing contrasts and comparisons in academic writing
Example: Many scholars have explored this issue. Yet, to date, no inclusive framework exists to explain…
Example: People often stated that they are aware of the rules whereas they behaved as if they did not.
31. Equally
Example: E qually important, however, is the role of personal beliefs in decision-making processes.
33. On the other hand
If you are looking to elevate your writing and editing skills, I highly recommend enrolling in the course “ Good with Words: Writing and Editing Specialization “, which is a 4 course series offered by the University of Michigan. This comprehensive program is conveniently available as an online course on Coursera, allowing you to learn at your own pace. Plus, upon successful completion, you’ll have the opportunity to earn a valuable certificate to showcase your newfound expertise!
Linking words expressing emphasis in academic writing
36. Especially
37. Above all
Example: Indeed, motivation turned out to be a defining factor of academic success.
38. Clearly
Example: Clearly, these scholars were not aware of recent advances in medical sciences.
39. Definitely
Example: This was definitely the most important event of the year.
40. Importantly
Example: More importantly, the findings underscore the importance of conflict resolution.
41. Undoubtedly
Example: Undoubtedly, all stakeholders had good intentions.
42. Obviously
Linking words expressing illustrations in academic writing
Example: Many interviewees were nervous. For example, when asked to describe the event, some of them started to stutter.
Linking words expressing summaries and conclusions in academic writing
Example: In conclusion, the reviewed literature highlights a clear research gap.
Example: In short, scholars call for more research on climate change mitigation.
Linking words expressing conditionality in academic writing
Example: As long as the conditions do not change, the results should remain stable.
Example: Even if more experiments are conducted, human behaviour remains hard to predict.
Linking words expressing generalisations in academic writing
Linking words expressing concessions in academic writing.
Example: Regardless of their genetic makeup, mice showcased the same symptoms.
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Linking Words – Full List, Examples
| Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.
Worried that your essay lacks structure and coherence? Perhaps you should use linking words, transition words, or connectors to give it a boost.
Linking words join separate sentences to improve writing flow. You can also find them mid-sentence to connect clauses.
Read on as I show you the definition and types of linking words in English. I also list examples of linking words under every category, and I whipped up a helpful worksheet to test your skills.
What Are Linking Words?
Linking words, transition words, or connecting words in the English language help connect ideas and sentences when speaking or writing.
Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you’ll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays , journalism, and business documents.
Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever. That means you can find them in the middle of sentences from time to time. Others link two complete sentences, such as besides, as a result, and however.
List of Transition Words
Now that you know the meaning of transition words, let’s look at the usage of transition words in sentences and clauses. Don’t worry, I’ll break it all down for you!
Below, I’ve got a list of linking words and phrases to serve as alternative choices for connecting ideas in writing. Note that there are several types of transition words which we will discuss later.
Agreement/Addition/Similarity
Linking words may help the reader understand additional comments or ideas in a statement. They may also express agreement or similarities. These words are also called additive transition words, commonly found in expository essays and narrative essays.
- In the first place
- As a matter of fact
- In like manner
- In addition
- Not only, but also
- Coupled with
- In the same way
- In the same manner
- First, second, third
- Not to mention
- In the light of
- By the same token
- Additionally
- Correspondingly
- Furthermore
- Comparatively
- At the same time
- Together with
- Identically
Here are some examples of additive linking words in a sentence.
- The group found that a constructivist approach leads to higher test scores. Moreover, essay examinations show higher levels of learning.
- The resort has tennis courts. Furthermore, it has an Olympic pool.
Negative Ideas
Some linking words come in pairs to join negative ideas.
- Not, neither
- Neither, nor
Here are sentence examples of linking words showing negative ideas.
- I haven’t seen Lory, neither have I talked to her friend.
- I neither drink nor smoke.
Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction
Whereas some linking words show an extra idea, these transition phrases and words express contrasting ideas in writing.
- Although this may be true
- In contrast
- (and) still
- Notwithstanding
- Different from
- Of course…, but
- On the other hand
- On the contrary
- Be that as it may
- Nonetheless
- Even so/though
- Nevertheless
- In spite of
Here are some sentences with linking words of opposition.
- The short story can be analyzed using a functionalist lens. However, its historical theme is better understood with a critical perspective.
- As much as I want to go, I must take care of my sister.
Some linking words show relationships between ideas by accepting an idea with reservation instead of showing complete opposition. Here are some examples.
- All the same
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Here are some sentence examples.
- Many citizens opposed this unfair policy, which the president nevertheless enacted.
- I like him even if we have different views in life.
Cause/Condition/Purpose
You may also use linking words in your writing piece to show conditions and purpose for a logical flow of ideas. Words like reason get the reader ready to understand why. These words are commonly found in hypothesis essays.
- In the event that
- Granted (that)
- Provided that
- On (the) condition (that)
- For the purpose of
- With this intention
- With this in mind
- In the hope that
- Inasmuch as
- To the end that
- For fear that
- In order to
- Seeing/being that
- The researchers used this method so that the results would be valid, reliable, and aligned with the objectives.
- I will not be attending the seminar due to a high fever.
Examples/Support/Emphasis
You can also use transition words in your piece of writing that show examples or support of an idea.
- In other words
- To put it differently
- For one thing
- In particular
- As an illustration
- In this case
- For example
- For instance
- For this reason
- To put it another way
- To demonstrate
- That is to say
- With attention to
- By all means
- To emphasize
- To enumerate
- Particularly
- Significantly
- Specifically
- Surprisingly
- Important to realize
- Another key point
- On the negative side
- First thing to remember
- Must be remembered
- To point out
- Point often overlooked
- She visited several cities, namely Portland, Jacksonville, Charleston, and Hartford.
- Transition words improve writing flow. For instance, we use further to add extra ideas related to the previous statement.
Effect/Consequence/Result
You might also spot transitional devices for essays that show consequences, results, and effects.
- As a result
- In that case
- Under those circumstances
- Accordingly
- Consequently
Consider the examples below.
- We watered the plant for seven days. In effect, it grew three inches taller.
- Because she didn’t study for the test, Anna failed and had to retake it.
Conclusion/Summary/Restatement
These words and phrases show transitions between sentences to show conclusions. You’ll find these words in essay conclusions of different essay types.
- In simple language
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- In a nutshell
- As can be seen
- In simple terms
- Generally speaking
- All things considered
- As shown above
- In the final analysis
- In the long run
- In either case
- Given these points
- As has been noted
- In any event
- On the whole
- By and large
- For the most part
- In conclusion
- To summarize
Note that in lay terms and in explanation are formal alternative choices to “ in a nutshell.”
Here are some examples.
- Matter is a material that occupies space and has mass. In simple language, it is any physical substance.
- I don’t want to climb the corporate ladder. After all, money isn’t everything.
Time/Chronology/Sequence
Linking words’ other role in writing is to show sequence or chronology. Under the time category, these phrases add a meaning of time. You can find these words in an essay introduction when the writer explains how the paper is structured.
- In due time
- From time to time
- At the present time
- Sooner or later
- Up to the present time
- To begin with
- Straightaway
- In the meantime
- In a moment
- Without delay
- All of a sudden
- At this instant
- First, second
- By the time
- Immediately
- Occasionally
- I watched the movie on television. Eventually, I fell asleep.
- First, fill the pan with water. Then, bring it to a boil.
Space/Location/Place
The following transition words are famous adverbial expressions that limit or modify space. Some of these words and phrases are also transition words of time.
- In the middle of
- To the left/right
- In front of
- On this side
- In the distance
- In the foreground
- In the background
- In the center of
- Adjacent to
- Opposite to
Below are sentence examples using transition words of space.
- My house is located behind the building.
- To the left of the supermarket is a flower shop.
Common Mistakes With Transition Words
Transition words help you create a flow of arguments for readers to understand what you’re saying. But misused transition words and phrases will make your writing unclear. Avoid these mistakes to give your readers a better experience.
Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also
Both so and and are coordinating conjunctions, which means they can start independent clauses that stand on their own. But it’s not recommended to use these words and also as sentence starters in formal writing. For example:
- Incorrect: Also, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
- Correct: Furthermore, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
Combination of Transition Words And/Or
When writing an essay, avoid English transition words and/or because it makes your paper look messy. Instead, consider whether you need both connectors or only one of them. If you need them both, try this alternative.
- Incorrect: boat and/or plane.
- Correct: boat, plane, or both.
Using As Well As as Alternative to And
As well as has a different meaning from the transition word and. And means you’re listing something of equal importance. Meanwhile, as well as is for additional, less essential information. Here’s an example.
- Incorrect: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis as well as provide recommendations for improvement.
- Correct: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis and provide recommendations for improvement.
Archaic Words
Your writing may not make any sense to readers if you overuse archaic transition words like therewith .
For example, hereby means as a result. We can replace it with more modern and explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement is connected to the previous statement.
Linking Words Summary
A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise!
Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions. I hope my guide on the definition and list of transitions helps you use these words and phrases correctly. Memorize each category, and don’t overuse them in essays.
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Transitional Words and Phrases
One of your primary goals as a writer is to present ideas in a clear and understandable way. To help readers move through your complex ideas, you want to be intentional about how you structure your paper as a whole as well as how you form the individual paragraphs that comprise it. In order to think through the challenges of presenting your ideas articulately, logically, and in ways that seem natural to your readers, check out some of these resources: Developing a Thesis Statement , Paragraphing , and Developing Strategic Transitions: Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections Between Ideas.
While clear writing is mostly achieved through the deliberate sequencing of your ideas across your entire paper, you can guide readers through the connections you’re making by using transitional words in individual sentences. Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between your ideas and can help your reader understand your paper’s logic.
In what follows, we’ve included a list of frequently used transitional words and phrases that can help you establish how your various ideas relate to each other. We’ve divided these words and phrases into categories based on the common kinds of relationships writers establish between ideas.
Two recommendations: Use these transitions strategically by making sure that the word or phrase you’re choosing matches the logic of the relationship you’re emphasizing or the connection you’re making. All of these words and phrases have different meanings, nuances, and connotations, so before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely, and be sure that it’s the right match for your paper’s logic. Use these transitional words and phrases sparingly because if you use too many of them, your readers might feel like you are overexplaining connections that are already clear.
Categories of Transition Words and Phrases
Causation Chronology Combinations Contrast Example
Importance Location Similarity Clarification Concession
Conclusion Intensification Purpose Summary
Transitions to help establish some of the most common kinds of relationships
Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).
accordingly as a result and so because
consequently for that reason hence on account of
since therefore thus
Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.
after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime
later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes
soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while
Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.
additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more
finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place
last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too
Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.
after all although and yet at the same time but
despite however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding
on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet
Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.
as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)
for example for instance specifically that is
to demonstrate to illustrate
Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.
chiefly critically
foundationally most importantly
of less importance primarily
Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.
above adjacent to below beyond
centrally here nearby neighboring on
opposite to peripherally there wherever
Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.
by the same token in like manner
in similar fashion here in the same way
likewise wherever
Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification
i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words
that is that is to say to clarify to explain
to put it another way to rephrase it
granted it is true
naturally of course
finally lastly
in conclusion in the end
to conclude
Intensification
in fact indeed no
of course surely to repeat
undoubtedly without doubt yes
for this purpose in order that
so that to that end
to this end
in brief in sum
in summary in short
to sum up to summarize
Improving Your Writing Style
This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.
Clear, Concise Sentences
Use the active voice
Put the action in the verb
Tidy up wordy phrases
Reduce wordy verbs
Reduce prepositional phrases
Reduce expletive constructions
Avoid using vague nouns
Avoid unneccessarily inflated words
Avoid noun strings
Connecting Ideas Through Transitions
Using Transitional Words and Phrases
Linking Words (Transitional Expressions)
Table of contents, introduction, what are linking words, why are linking words important.
In Paragraph 1, the use of linking words like “Moreover,” “despite,” “Additionally,” “However,” and “Nevertheless” helps create a smooth and connected narrative, indicating additions, contrasts, and causal relationships between different ideas. The paragraph feels more cohesive and organized.
Examples Of Linking Words In English
1. expressing addition, 2. expressing contrast, 3. expressing cause and effect, 4. expressing purpose, 5. illustrating or exemplifying, 6. time and sequencing, 7. re-phrasing, 8. introducing alternatives, 9. comparing, 10. ananalyzing, 11. summarizing.
Type of Linking Words | Examples | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
1. | In addition, Additionally, As well (as), Moreover, What is more, Not only…but also…, Furthermore, Besides, Also, Too, And | If the project fails, this will have terrible consequences not only for our department but also for the whole organization. |
Although, Even though, In spite of, Despite, However, Yet, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, On the contrary, Whereas, On the one hand…but on the other hand…, Conversely, In contrast, But | Brain drain has terrible consequences on developing countries. Nevertheless, nothing has been done to solve the problem or at least reduce its negative effects. | |
Consequently, As a consequence, As a result, Therefore, Because of this, For this reason, Because, Since, As, For, Due to, Owing to | She remained silent, for she was too depressed to talk. | |
In order to, In order not to, So as to, So as not to, To, Not to, So that, In order that | She wakes up early in order to be on time to work. | |
For example, For instance, Such as, Namely, To illustrate, In particular | Participating in regular physical exercise offers various advantages. For example, it promotes cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and enhances overall well-being. | |
Meanwhile, Subsequently, Afterward, Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Another, Additionally, Finally, Lastly, Ultimately, Subsequently, Eventually, Next, Then | Meanwhile, as the research continued, new data emerged, altering the initial hypothesis. | |
In other terms, Alternatively, In simpler words, Put differently, To put it another way, In a different light | The concept may be challenging; in other terms, it requires a deeper level of understanding. | |
Or better, Instead of, Alternatively, Rather (than), Or else, In lieu of, On the flip side, Otherwise | You can choose the standard shipping option, which takes 5-7 business days, or better, opt for expedited shipping for delivery within 2-3 business days. | |
Similarly, Likewise, In the same way, Just as, Like, Similarly (to), In comparison, By comparison, Compared to, In a similar fashion, In a similar vein | The new software interface enhances the user experience. Similarly, the updated mobile app provides a more intuitive design. | |
Accordingly, The result is, Results are, The consequence is, It can be seen, Evidence illustrates that, Because of this, Thus, Hence, For this reason, Owing to, This suggests that, It follows that, In that case, That implies | The team optimized the workflow; accordingly, improving overall efficiency. | |
In conclusion, To conclude, To sum up, In a nutshell, In brief, In short, All in all, Everything considered, Overall, To summarize | The research findings highlight the importance of sustainable practices in business. In conclusion, companies must prioritize eco-friendly initiatives for long-term success. |
- Academic Skills
- Reading, writing and referencing
- Writing effectively
Connecting ideas
How to connect ideas at the sentence and paragraph level in academic writing.
What is cohesion?
Cohesion refers to the way we use vocabulary and grammatical structures to make connections between the ideas within a text. It provides flow and sequence to your work and helps make your paragraphs clear for the reader.
Cohesive devices are words and expressions that show relationships between parts of text and ideas, such as cause and effect, time, addition, or comparison and contrast.
Watch the video to learn how to make your ideas link together and your narrative flow.
How can I create cohesion?
Let’s look at types of cohesive devices.
Linking words
Academic writing usually deals with complex ideas. To enable the reader to follow your thoughts, they need to be clearly and smoothly linked. To join ideas and sentences, we use a number of connecting words and phrases. For example:
Additionally, and, also, apart from this, as well (as), in addition, moreover, further, furthermore.
If, in that case, provided that, unless.
Correspondingly, equally, for the same reason, in a similar manner, in comparison, in the same way, on the one hand, similarly.
Alternatively, although, but, conversely, despite, even so, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, instead, on the contrary, contrary to, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, rather, still, though, yet, whereas, while.
Again, in fact, interestingly, indeed, it should be noted (that), more important(ly), most importantly, to repeat, (un)fortunately, unquestionably.
A further instance of this is..., an example of this is…, for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows.
In other words, more simply, namely, simply put, to put it differently / another way, such as, that is.
A / the consequence of, because, due to, for, the effect of …, since, the result of …
Accordingly, as a result/consequence, consequently, for this reason, hence, so, therefore, thus.
Admittedly, although, clearly though, even though, however, indeed, obviously.
As a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, in most cases, normally, on the whole, usually.
First, second, third (etc), next, before, earlier, finally, following, given the above, later, meanwhile, subsequently, then, to conclude, while.
A note about presentation and style
Check a usage guide for exact rules for punctuation. Many introductory phrases have a comma after them. For example, 'therefore,' and 'in addition,'.
Referring backwards
To avoid repeating words and phrases many times, we use cohesive devices to make references to other parts of a text, such as:
- Pronouns: it, he, she, his, her, they, their
- Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
- Articles: a, the
- Adverbs: previously, subsequently
The Australian prime minister has called an early election. The date was selected to coincide with the start of the Olympic Games. This decision was based on the views of his ministerial advisors, who predicted that voter confidence in the government’s policies would be strong at this time . As previously mentioned , decisions on the timing of elections are based on predictions of voter confidence in the existing government.
In the example above:
- The date - refers back to the election date
- This decision - refers to the prime minister calling an early election
- His - refers to the Australian prime minister
- this time - refers to the start of the Olympic Games
- As previously mentioned - refers to all of the earlier information about the selection of election dates
Looking forward
We often use words and phrases to highlight new information for the reader. This helps make a smooth transition from one point to another. Such phrases include: the following, as follows, below, next, subsequently .
The following dates have been proposed for the forthcoming election: September 8, September 15 and 3 October.
The next issue to be discussed is the influence of the media on voter confidence in the government.
Connecting paragraphs
Apart from using the linking words / phrases above, showing the link between paragraphs could involve writing ‘hand-holding’ sentences. These are sentences that link back to the ideas of the previous paragraph. For instance, when outlining the positive and negative issues about a topic you could use the following:
Example (from beginning of previous paragraph):
- One of the main advantages of X is…
When you are ready to move your discussion to the negative issues, you could write one of the following as a paragraph opener:
- Having considered the positive effects of X, negative issues may now need to be taken into account…
- Despite the positive effects outlined above, negative issues also need to be considered...
It is always important to make paragraphs part of a coherent whole text; they must not remain isolated units.
Checking for paragraph links in your own work
When you are editing your next written assignment, ask yourself the following questions as you read through your work (Gillett, Hammond, & Martala, 2009):
- Does the start of my paragraph give my reader enough information about what the paragraph will be about?
- Does my paragraph add to or elaborate on a point made previously and, if so, have I made this explicit with an appropriate linking word / phrase?
- Does my paragraph introduce a completely new point or a different viewpoint to before and, if so, have I explicitly shown this with a suitable connective?
- Have I used similar connectives repeatedly? If yes, try to vary them using the above list.
Strategies to improve cohesion
- Select a piece of writing, preferably from a textbook or journal article, from your area of study.
- Choose a paragraph and underline or highlight all the different forms of cohesion used, such as using linking words, referring backwards, looking forwards or adding synonyms.
- Which forms are the most common?
- Choose a couple that you think are effective and practice using them in your own writing.
- Try to use a variety of ways to show the relationship between your ideas.
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- Transition sentences | Tips & examples for clear writing
Transition Sentences | Tips & Examples for Clear Writing
Published on June 9, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
Clear transitions are crucial to clear writing: They show the reader how different parts of your essay, paper, or thesis are connected. Transition sentences can be used to structure your text and link together paragraphs or sections.
… In this case, the researchers concluded that the method was unreliable.
However , evidence from a more recent study points to a different conclusion . …
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Table of contents
Transitioning between paragraphs, transitioning to a new section, transitions within a paragraph, other interesting articles.
When you start a new paragraph , the first sentence should clearly express:
- What this paragraph will discuss
- How it relates to the previous paragraph
The examples below show some examples of transition sentences between paragraphs and what they express.
Transition sentence | This paragraph… |
---|---|
evidence in support of is provided by Smith (2019). | … the previous one, providing more support for . |
, Patel’s arguments are on the matter. | … the previous one by presenting related to the previous discussion. |
the relationship between these factors, to draw conclusions about the broader process. | …treats the preceding point as on which to more general arguments. |
Placement of transition sentences
The beginning of a new paragraph is generally the right place for a transition sentence. Each paragraph should focus on one topic, so avoid spending time at the end of a paragraph explaining the theme of the next one.
The first dissenter to consider is …
However, several scholars dissent from this consensus. The first one to consider is …
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While transitions between paragraphs are generally a single sentence, when you start a new section in a longer text, you may need an entire transition paragraph. Transitioning to a new section involves summarizing the content of the previous section and expressing how the new one will build upon or depart from it.
For example, the following sentences might be an effective transition for a new section in a literary analysis essay.
Having established that the subjective experience of time is one of Mann’s key concerns in The Magic Mountain , it is now possible to explore how this theme facilitates the novel’s connection with World War I. The war itself is not narrated in the book, but rather hinted at as something awaiting Castorp beyond the final pages. In this way, Mann links his protagonist’s subjective experience of time to more than just his illness; it is also used to explore the period leading up to the outbreak of war.
As in academic writing generally, aim to be as concise as you can while maintaining clarity: If you can transition to a new section clearly with a single sentence, do so, but use more when necessary.
It’s also important to use effective transitions within each paragraph you write, leading the reader through your arguments efficiently and avoiding ambiguity.
The known-new contract
The order of information within each of your sentences is important to the cohesion of your text. The known-new contract , a useful writing concept, states that a new sentence should generally begin with some reference to information from the previous sentence, and then go on to connect it to new information.
In the following example, the second sentence doesn’t follow very clearly from the first. The connection only becomes clear when we reach the end.
By reordering the information in the second sentence so that it begins with a reference to the first, we can help the reader follow our argument more smoothly.
Note that the known-new contract is just a general guideline. Not every sentence needs to be structured this way, but it’s a useful technique if you’re struggling to make your sentences cohere.
Transition words and phrases
Using appropriate transition words helps show your reader connections within and between sentences. Transition words and phrases come in four main types:
- Additive transitions, which introduce new information or examples
- Adversative transitions, which signal a contrast or departure from the previous text
- Causal transitions, which are used to describe cause and effect
- Sequential transitions, which indicate a sequence
The table below gives a few examples for each type:
Type | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Additive | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | furthermore, moreover, for example, in regard to x, similarly, in other words |
Adversative | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | however, although, nevertheless, regardless, above all, (or) at least |
Causal | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | because, therefore, consequently, if, provided that, so that, to |
Sequential | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third, initially, subsequently, finally, lastly, to return/returning to x, as previously mentioned, in conclusion |
Grouping similar information
While transition words and phrases are essential, and every essay will contain at least some of them, it’s also important to avoid overusing them. One way to do this is by grouping similar information together so that fewer transitions are needed.
For example, the following text uses three transition words and jumps back and forth between ideas. This makes it repetitive and difficult to follow.
Rewriting it to group similar information allows us to use just one transition, making the text more concise and readable.
If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
- Ad hominem fallacy
- Post hoc fallacy
- Appeal to authority fallacy
- False cause fallacy
- Sunk cost fallacy
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Linking words
Linking words show the relationships between ideas. Linking words serve different functions, such as to compare ideas or to give examples, and can go at the start or in the middle of a sentence. Check a dictionary like the Cambridge Dictionary to see examples of how to use a particular linking word.
The following table shows some common linking words and example sentences:
Function | Linking words | Example |
---|---|---|
(to add an idea) | also furthermore moreover additionally | Exam performance is influenced by personal factors, such as anxiety and confidence. |
(to show that one thing is a result of another) | so therefore as a result consequently accordingly because | The defendant was intoxicated and not fully aware of his actions. |
(to show differences) | in contrast however whereas while conversely | In 2016, the proportion of Australian citizens born overseas was approximately 29%. , this proportion varied between states, with just 13% of Tasmanian residents born overseas, compared with 31% in Victoria (ABS, 2021). |
(to show similarities) | similarly likewise in the same way | In the global response to COVID-19, WHO has repeatedly urged that countries must work together as one global family to address the impacts of the pandemic. , the global health threat of climate change requires global collaboration, increased finance, and the equitable sharing of solutions (World Health Organization, 2021). |
| is defined as that is | A migrant a “person who was born overseas whose usual residence is Australia” (ABS, 2018). |
| for example for instance such as including | Adolescents spend hours per day browsing social media applications, Facebook, TikTok and Instagram. |
(to indicate the order of events, or to separate ideas) | firstly secondly thirdly first then | There are several issues arising from this case. the company failed to provide a working environment that was safe and free of risks to health. |
| in conclusion in summary to conclude overall | females reported higher levels of pain post-surgery than men. |
See the Word and PDF documents below for a downloadable version of the common linking words.
- Linking words [Word - 94KB]
- Linking words [PDF - 110KB]
Further resources
- Manchester Academic Phrasebank A bank of useful phrases for academic writing
Pathfinder link
Still have questions? Do you want to talk to an expert? Peer Learning Advisors or Academic Skills and Language Advisors are available.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Migrant. In Glossary . https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/3415.0Glossary12017?OpenDocument Used under CC BY 4.0 license
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Migration, Australia . https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/migration-australia/latest-release Used under CC BY 4.0 license
World Health Organization. (2021). 2021 Global conference on health and climate change . https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2021/11/06/default-calendar/2021-global-conference-on-health-and-climate-change Used under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO license
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Transition Words
As a "part of speech" transition words are used to link words, phrases or sentences. They help the reader to progress from one idea (expressed by the author) to the next idea. Thus, they help to build up coherent relationships within the text.
Transitional Words
This structured list of commonly used English transition words — approximately 200, can be considered as quasi complete. It can be used (by students and teachers alike) to find the right expression. English transition words are essential, since they not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion, etc. in the line of argument. The transition words and phrases have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.
There is some overlapping with prepositions and postpositions, but for the purpose of usage and completeness of this concise guide, I did not differentiate.
Linking & Connecting Words — Part 1/2
Agreement / Addition / Similarity
Opposition / limitation / contradiction, examples / support / emphasis, cause / condition / purpose, effect / consequence / result, conclusion / summary / restatement, time / chronology / sequence, space / location / place.
The transition words like also, in addition, and, likewise , add information , reinforce ideas , and express agreement with preceding material.
in the first place
not only ... but also
as a matter of fact
in like manner
in addition
coupled with
in the same fashion / way
first, second, third
in the light of
not to mention
to say nothing of
equally important
by the same token
identically
together with
comparatively
correspondingly
furthermore
additionally
Transition phrases like but , rather and or , express that there is evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives , and thus introduce a change the line of reasoning ( contrast ).
although this may be true
in contrast
different from
of course ..., but
on the other hand
on the contrary
at the same time
in spite of
even so / though
be that as it may
(and) still
even though
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding
These transitional phrases present specific conditions or intentions .
in the event that
granted (that)
as / so long as
on (the) condition (that)
for the purpose of
with this intention
with this in mind
in the hope that
to the end that
for fear that
in order to
seeing / being that
provided that
only / even if
inasmuch as
These transitional devices (like especially ) are used to introduce examples as support , to indicate importance or as an illustration so that an idea is cued to the reader.
in other words
to put it differently
for one thing
as an illustration
in this case
for this reason
to put it another way
that is to say
with attention to
by all means
important to realize
another key point
first thing to remember
most compelling evidence
must be remembered
point often overlooked
to point out
on the positive side
on the negative side
specifically
surprisingly
significantly
particularly
in particular
for example
for instance
to demonstrate
to emphasize
to enumerate
Some of these transition words ( thus, then, accordingly, consequently, therefore, henceforth ) are time words that are used to show that after a particular time there was a consequence or an effect .
Note that for and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are placed before the consequences or effects.
as a result
under those circumstances
in that case
because the
consequently
accordingly
These transition words and phrases conclude , summarize and / or restate ideas, or indicate a final general statement . Also some words (like therefore ) from the Effect / Consequence category can be used to summarize.
as can be seen
generally speaking
in the final analysis
all things considered
as shown above
in the long run
given these points
as has been noted
for the most part
in conclusion
to summarize
by and large
on the whole
in any event
in either case
These transitional words (like finally ) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time . They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions .
at the present time
from time to time
sooner or later
up to the present time
to begin with
in due time
in the meantime
in a moment
without delay
all of a sudden
at this instant
first, second
immediately
straightaway
by the time
occasionally
Many transition words in the time category ( consequently; first, second, third; further; hence; henceforth; since; then, when; and whenever ) have other uses.
Except for the numbers ( first, second, third ) and further they add a meaning of time in expressing conditions, qualifications, or reasons. The numbers are also used to add information or list examples . Further is also used to indicate added space as well as added time.
These transition words are often used as part of adverbial expressions and have the function to restrict, limit or qualify space . Quite a few of these are also found in the Time category and can be used to describe spatial order or spatial reference.
in the middle
to the left/right
in front of
on this side
in the distance
here and there
in the foreground
in the background
in the center of
adjacent to
opposite to
List of Transition Words
Transition Words are also sometimes called (or put in the category of) Connecting Words. Please feel free to download them via this link to the category page: Linking Words & Connecting Words as a PDF. It contains all the transition words listed on this site. The image to the left gives you an impression how it looks like.
Usage of Transition Words in Essays
Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays , papers or other literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions between sentences and paragraphs. They thus give the text a logical organization and structure (see also: a List of Synonyms ).
All English transition words and phrases (sometimes also called 'conjunctive adverbs') do the same work as coordinating conjunctions : they connect two words, phrases or clauses together and thus the text is easier to read and the coherence is improved.
Usage: transition words are used with a special rule for punctuation : a semicolon or a period is used after the first 'sentence', and a comma is almost always used to set off the transition word from the second 'sentence'.
Example 1: People use 43 muscles when they frown; however, they use only 28 muscles when they smile.
Example 2: however, transition words can also be placed at the beginning of a new paragraph or sentence - not only to indicate a step forward in the reasoning, but also to relate the new material to the preceding thoughts..
Use a semicolon to connect sentences, only if the group of words on either side of the semicolon is a complete sentence each (both must have a subject and a verb, and could thus stand alone as a complete thought).
Further helpful readings about expressions, writing and grammar: Compilation of Writing Tips How to write good ¦ Correct Spelling Study by an English University
Are you using WORD for writing professional texts and essays? There are many easy Windows Shortcuts available which work (almost) system-wide (e.g. in every programm you use).
Useful Linking Words and Phrases to Use in Your Essays
By: Author Sophia
Posted on Last updated: October 26, 2023
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Linking words and phrases are used to show relationships between ideas. They can be used to join two or more sentences or clauses.
We can use linking words to give a result , add information , summarize , give illustrations , emphasize a point , sequence information , compare or to contrast idea .
Useful Linking Words and Phrases
In this article, you will learn about the most common linking words and phrases:
Giving a Result
Usage : To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred
Linking W ords :
- As a result
- As a consequence
- Consequently
- For this reason
- His wife left him. As a result , he became very depressed.
- She has lived in France, and as a consequence she speaks French fluently.
- We do not have enough money. T herefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
- We do not own the building. Thus , it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
- There has been a great deal of rain and consequently the reservoirs are full.
- The customer was displeased with her meal, hence the chef prepared a replacement.
- For this reason , they are not a good choice for exterior use.
- Due to a broken wing, this bird can’t fly.
Adding Information
Usage : To add to what has been previously stated
Linking Words:
- Additionally / an additional
- Furthermore
- As well as that
- In addition
- In addition to this
- Apart from this
- Additionally , the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
- He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore , he had not even contacted her.
- We are unable to repair this watch. Also , this is the fourth time this has happened.
- I love wearing earrings. I design and make them too .
- We went to the park today. As well as that , we did some shopping.
- Along with parties and parliaments, elections have lost their charm.
- I can’t afford to go to the concert. Besides , I don’t really like classical music.
- You haven’t paid the rent yet. In addition , you owe me money.
- The report is badly presented. Moreover , it contains inaccuracies.
- John’s grades are terrible because he has been so lazy these days. In addition to this , his relationship to his parents got worse.
- Apart from this paragraph, the report contains a number of sensible initiatives.
Summarizing
Usage : To sump up what has been previously stated
Linking words :
- In conclusion
- To summarize
- To conclude
- In conclusion , walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
- To summarize , this is a clever approach to a common problem.
- The food was good and we loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening.
- His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short , old-fashioned.
- To sum up , there are three main ways of tackling the problem…
- In summary , this was a disappointing performance.
- Briefly , our team is now one of the best in the world.
- To conclude , I want to wish you all a very happy holiday season.
Giving Examples
Usage : To provide examples
Linking words:
- For example/ For instance
- In this case
- Proof of this
- There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example / for instance , the botanical garden or the art museum.
- I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and a sweatshirt.
- Including Christmas Day and Boxing Day, I’ve got a week off work.
- We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely women aged between 20 and 30.
- I think I would have made a difference in this case .
- This building are a living proof of this existence, so we must preserve it.
- I also make other jewellery like rings and bracelets.
Emphasizing a Point
Usage : To put forward a point or idea more forcefully
- Undoubtedly
- Particularly / in particular
- Importantly
- Without a doubt
- It should be noted
- Unquestionably
- Undoubtedly , the story itself is one of the main attractions.
- I don’t mind at all. Indeed , I would be delighted to help.
- Obviously , we don’t want to spend too much money.
- I love silver earrings, in particular ones from Mexico
- The car is quite small, especially if you have children.
- Clearly , this will cost a lot more than we realized.
- More importantly , can he be trusted?
- He’s an absolutely brilliant cook.
- I definitely remember sending the letter.
- We still believe we can win this series without a doubt .
- I’m neve r surprised at what I do.
- It should be noted that if you have something to note, then note it
- Unquestionably , teaching has been a paramount part of his career.
- Above all , this forest is designed for wear and tear.
- This is positively the worst thing that I can even imagine.
Sequencing Ideas
Usage : To indicate the order of what is being said
- First/ firstly (Second/ secondly, Third/ thirdly, Finally)
- At this time
- Subsequently
- Lastly and most importantly
- Last but not least
- First and foremost
- Firstly , I prefer the train because I can see the landscape.
- At this time , the young man leapt into the air and flew off towards sunset.
- They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following day.
- I had visited them three days previously .
- Your name is before mine on the list.
- Subsequently , new guidelines were issued to all employees.
- Above all , keep in touch.
- Lastly, and most importantly , you should be optimistic.
- Last but not least , I find I seriously cannot relate to women.
- We will continue to focus on our players first and foremost .
Comparing Ideas
Usage: To show how things are similar
- Compare / compare(d) to(with)
- By the same token
- In the same way
- Correspondingly
- Similarly , the basketball and hockey games draw nearly full attendance.
- Equally , not all customers are honest.
- Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.
- She’s just as smart as her sister.
- Working with housecats is just like working with lions or tigers.
- Some people say I have a running style similar to him.
- Having a power is not the same as using the power.
- He gets the ball off quickly compared to two years ago.
- Teenagers should be more respectful; by the same token , parents should be more understanding.
- Alex enjoys telling jokes; in the same way/similarly/likewise ,his son adores funny stories.
- Correspondingly , the roles each of them played were soon different.
Contrasting Ideas
Usage : To show how things are different
- Nevertheless
- On the other hand
- Nonetheless
- Despite / in spite of
- In contrast (to)
- Alternatively
- Differing from
- Contrary to
- Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install.
- There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless , it is important that we try.
- Laptops are convenient; O n the other hand , they can be expensive.
- The problems are not serious. Nonetheless , we shall need to tackle them soon.
- Despite/ In spite of the rain, I went for a walk.
- In contrast to the diligent bee, the butterfly flies hither and yon with no apparent purpose.
- The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively , you can organize your own transport.
- Northern European countries had a great summer. On the contrary/conversely , Southern Europe had poor weather.
- Even so , many old friends were shocked at the announcement.
- Differing from his white colleagues, he preferred instructing his scholars to the ambition of acquiring personal renown.
- The situation in Ireland is quite contrary to this principle.
Linking Words for Essays | Images
Below is a handy list of words that are both useful and appropriate to academic language:
Other linking words to give an example or an illustration:
- In this case,
- In another case
- Take the case of
- To illustrate
- As an
- Illustration
- To take another example
- That is
- As shown by
- As illustrated by
- As expressed by
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Linking Words, Connecting Words: Full List and Useful Examples
Linking words (connecting words) are something we need to know in any style of writing, because it helps the reader to follow the flow of what you are saying. Whether it’s an argument in an essay , or an epic scene in a fantasy novel, your reader needs to be able to follow what you are saying. So, what are linking words, why should you bother learning them, and what does it look like in practice? Well, this guide will answer all of those questions!
Linking Words
What are linking words.
Linking words are words that connect ideas together in a piece of writing . It shows that two things are related in some way, or that the point you are making has supporting information. The difference between linking words and simple paragraph starters that we looked at previously, is that linking words can be found at the start of paragraphs, but also in the middle of sentences to connect two ideas together too.
Why Should I Learn Linking Words/Connecting Words?
The answer to this one is fairly straightforward. If you don’t know a variety of linking words to connect ideas together in a piece of writing, then you’re writing won’t make sense. In the very best case here, your reader will become confused and fail to follow the message you are trying to get across in your writing, because the bits of text that should ordinarily fit together, just won’t without the linking words there to connect them.
So, you know what they are and why you need to know them – but what are some examples of linking words? We couldn’t possibly include them all because there are literally hundreds, but hopefully by highlighting some examples and showing their importance in a sentence, you’ll be able to understand the job they do more clearly and focus on learning some other ones for yourself.
Examples of Linking Words
Linking words to add more information.
These words simply add additional information to your sentence or paragraph to show that two ideas are similar. Here are some examples:
- It started to rain and I got soaked – ‘and’ is the linking word that connects the two ideas of the individual being in the rain and getting soaked.
- It can’t be the dog’s fault nor the cat’s – ‘nor’ connects the idea that neither the cat or dog was at fault.
- We could go shopping first then get a bite to eat – ‘then’ shows that both ideas are connected, it also adds some sequence to the sentence by showing the order of things.
Linking Words to Contrast a Point
Sometimes you need to link two ideas together that are actually opposites in terms of what you are trying to say. Here are some words that will help you do that:
- Annie could have gone for a run but she decided she was too tired – ‘but’ connects two ideas that are related, but they oppose one another. She could have gone for a run, but she didn’t.
- It’s my turn to make dinner tonight although a takeout might be easier – ‘although’ provides an opposite argument again, so it links the ideas in a contrasting way.
- Carrots seemed to be the bunnies preferred food. On the other hand , lettuce was chosen second most frequently and the difference was marginal – ‘on the other hand’ shows clearly to the reader that a different point of view is coming.
Linking Words to Support a Point
If you’re trying to prove something or say something happened as a result of something else, then you will need words like the following:
- I failed my test because I didn’t study – ‘because’ gets the reader ready to learn why somebody failed their test.
- I could have done something differently, in fact we all could have – ‘in fact’ shows that the two ideas are linked together and support one another.
- Jack had been sad since his girlfriend broke up with him – ‘since’ is being used here to explain why Jack was sad, so it links the ideas again.
There are many more examples and reasons for using linking words, but if you do some more research into the different linking words that there are, you’ll be able to see how you might use them to connect two ideas together in some way. Remember, they don’t always need to support one another. Sometimes ideas are connected because they oppose one another too.
Learn more with an ultimate guide to transition words and phrases in the English language.
Complete List of Linking Words & Connecting Words
Linking words – result.
Function: To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred
- Accordingly
- As a consequence (of)
- As a result
- Consequently
- For this reason
Connecting Words – Emphasis
Function: To put forward a point or idea more forcefully
- Importantly
- It should be noted
- Particularly / in particular
- Surprisingly
- To emphasize
- Undoubtedly
- Unquestionably
- With attention
- Without a doubt
Linking Words – Addition
Function: To add to what has been previously stated
- Additionally/an additional
- Apart from this
- As well as that
- Coupled with
- Furthermore
- In addition
- In addition to this
- In the same fashion
- Not only…but also
- Not to mention
- Together with
Linking Words – Reason
Function: To provide reasons for what has been stated or has occurred
- For the purpose of
- Granted that
- In order to
- Provided that
- Seeing that
- With this in mind
- With this intention
- With this purpose
Connecting Words – Illustration
Function: To provide examples
- As an example of
- For example/ For instance
- For one thing
- Illustrated by
- In another case
- In the case of
- In this case
- In this situation
- On this occasion
- Proof of this
- Specifically
- To demonstrate
- To demonstrate/ To clarify
- To simplify
Linking Words – Contrast
Function: To show how things are different
- Alternatively
- As opposed to
- Contrary to
- Despite/in spite of
- Differing from
- In contrast (to)
- In opposition
- Nevertheless
- Nonetheless
- Notwithstanding
- On the other hand
Linking Words – Comparison
Function: To show how things are similar
- By the same token
- Compare / compare(d) to (with)
- Correspondingly
- In a similar manner
- In like manner
- In the same way
- In the spitting image of
- Just as…so too
- Most important
- Still another
Connecting Words – Order
1. Function: To indicate the order of what is being said
- First/ firstly
- Second/ secondly
- Third/ thirdly
- At this time
- Subsequently
2. Function: To mark the end of an ascending order
- Lastly and most importantly
- Last but not least
3. Definition: To mark the beginning of a descending order
- First and foremost…
Connecting Words – Summary
Function: To sum up what has been previously stated
- All things considered
- As demonstrated above
- As shown above
- As you can see
- By and large
- Generally speaking
- Given these points
- In any event
- In conclusion
- In the final analysis
- On the whole
- To conclude
- To summarise
Linking Words – Condition
Function: To provide a condition to what has been stated
- Although this may be true
- In that case
- In the event that
- On the condition that
Connecting Words – Concession
Function: Connecting words and phrases to accept a point or idea with reservation
- All the same
- Although/Even though
- Be that as it may
- Even though
- In spite of
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Connecting Words – Generalisation
Function: To make a general statement
- Broadly speaking
- For the most part
- In general/ Generally
- In most cases
- More often than not
- Predominately
Connecting Words – Restatement
Function: To express an alternative to what has been previously stated
- Alternatively stated
- Expressed simply
- In a nutshell
- In other words
- In simple language
- In simple terms
- In summation
- Otherwise stated
- Put differently
- Put in another way
- Said differently
- That is to say
- To put it differently
Connecting Words – Reference
Function: To a relationship between continuing ideas presented in your essay.
- As applied to
- Considering
- In connection to
- Pertaining to
- Some examples of these might be:
- Speaking about/of
- The fact that
- With regards to
- With respect to
Connecting Words – Clarification
Function: To indicate that you will be exploring your ideas in more detail.
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- Simply stated
- To break it down
- To clearly define
- To make plain
- To put it clearly
- To put it in another way
Connecting Words – Space/ Location
Function: To clarify spatial relationships/ provide spatial order and reference.
- At the rear
- Surrounding
- To the left
Linking Words & Connecting Words Chart
Linking Words and Phrases | Video
Learn transition words video with American English pronunciation.
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- Linking Words & Connector Words: Ultimate List With Examples
- Learn English
- James Prior
- No Comments
- Updated February 23, 2024
Linking words and connector words are essential tools for effective communication and writing. They play a crucial role in connecting ideas, enhancing coherence, and guiding the flow of information. Whether you’re writing an essay, giving a presentation, or engaging in a conversation, using appropriate linking words can greatly improve the clarity and effectiveness of your message.
In this ultimate list of linking words, we have compiled a comprehensive collection of linking words along with examples to help you understand their usage and apply them in various contexts. From words that highlight contrast and similarity to those that indicate cause and effect or order of importance, this list covers a wide range of linking words to suit different purposes.
Ready to link your words? Let’s get started!
Table of Contents
What are linking words?
Linking words, also known as connector words or transition words, are words or phrases that connect ideas or parts of a text, providing coherence and smoothness to the overall flow of information. They serve as bridges between sentences, paragraphs, or even larger sections of a document, helping to establish relationships, indicate contrasts, add information, show cause and effect, provide examples, and more.
Here are some common categories of linking words with examples:
Linking words for addition
Addition: Words that show the addition of information or ideas.
These linking words and phrases can help you add information, reinforce ideas, or provide further examples in your writing or conversation. Use them appropriately to expand on your points and enhance the overall coherence and richness of your communication.
- She is fluent in English, and additionally, she speaks French and Spanish.
- The report highlights the benefits of renewable energy; furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of conservation.
- The new system not only improves efficiency but moreover, it reduces costs.
- In addition to his regular job, he volunteers at a local charity.
- She not only excels in academics but also actively participates in extracurricular activities.
- The team consists of experienced professionals as well as enthusiastic newcomers.
- The company values teamwork; likewise, it fosters individual growth and development.
- Besides working full-time, he manages to pursue his hobbies and spend time with famil
- The website offers free shipping; what’s more, customers can enjoy a 30-day money-back guarantee.
- On top of their regular duties, employees are encouraged to take part in professional development opportunities.
- Developing strong interpersonal skills is equally important as acquiring technical knowledge.
- The event attracted a large audience, not to mention the media coverage it received.
- Along with the new software update, customers will also receive enhanced customer support.
- The company achieved its sales targets for the year; what is more, it surpassed them by 20%.
- The team completed the project ahead of schedule; besides that, they received positive feedback from the client.
- The company’s commitment to quality, coupled with its competitive pricing, sets it apart from its competitors.
Linking words for contrast
Contrast: Words that highlight differences or contrasting ideas.
These linking words and phrases can help you express contrasting ideas and show the differences between two or more concepts or situations. Remember to use them appropriately based on the context and your intended meaning.
- She studied hard; however, she didn’t pass the exam.
- John loves traveling; on the other hand, his sister prefers staying at home.
- The weather was terrible; nevertheless, they decided to go for a walk.
- He had a sprained ankle; nonetheless, he played in the soccer match.
- Despite the rain, they went to the beach.
- In spite of the traffic, they arrived on time.
- Although it was late, they continued with their work.
- Even though she was tired, she went to the gym.
- I enjoy reading, while my brother prefers watching movies.
- Sarah loves cooking, whereas her husband prefers eating out.
- Unlike his friends, Mark is not a fan of horror movies.
- She hates winter; conversely, I love it.
- She expected him to be upset; on the contrary, he was happy.
- They planned to go to the cinema, but instead, they stayed home and watched a movie.
- The cat is small and playful, in contrast to the dog, which is big and lazy.
- He enjoys sports; conversely, his sister prefers art.
- On one hand, the book is interesting; on the other hand, it’s quite lengthy.
- They could go by car, or alternatively, they could take the train.
- The movie received mixed reviews; nevertheless, it became a box office hit.
- She didn’t pass the test, but in any case, she learned a lot from studying.
Linking words for similarity
Similarity: Words that highlight similarities or shared ideas.
These linking words and phrases can help you express similarities between two or more ideas, situations, or individuals. Use them appropriately based on the context to highlight shared characteristics or experiences.
- Sarah enjoys reading; likewise, her brother is an avid reader.
- John and Emily both love hiking; similarly, they enjoy spending time in nature.
- Just as Sarah likes swimming, in the same way, her best friend enjoys diving.
- Jack has a passion for photography, similarly to his sister who is also an enthusiast.
- Just like her mother, Jane has a talent for playing the piano.
- The two artists approach their work in a similar vein, both using vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes.
- Mark loves cooking, and by the same token, he also enjoys experimenting with new recipes.
- As the workload increased, the stress levels of the employees correspondingly rose.
- Both Sarah and Emily are equally skilled in playing the guitar.
- The designer creates unique clothing pieces, and in a similar fashion, the jewelry maker crafts one-of-a-kind accessories.
- Just as the sun rises in the morning, the moon appears in the evening.
- The teacher explains complex concepts in a simple and understandable way, in the same manner as her colleague.
- He enjoys hiking and camping, and his friends, likewise, too, share his enthusiasm for outdoor activities.
- Just as a bird builds its nest with care and precision, in the same way, an architect plans and constructs a building.
- The two books explore themes of love and loss, along similar lines, inviting readers to contemplate the human experience.
- As with all great artists, Picasso’s work continues to inspire and influence generations.
- Exercise is essential for physical health, and just as importantly, it is crucial for mental well-being.
- Much like a puzzle, life consists of various pieces that fit together to form a bigger picture.
Linking words for cause and effect
Cause and Effect: Words that demonstrate cause and effect relationships.
These linking words and phrases can help you express the cause-and-effect relationship between events or actions. Use them appropriately based on the context to convey the reason and result of a particular situation or occurrence.
- He failed the exam because he didn’t study.
- They arrived early since they left home on time.
- As a result of heavy rainfall, the streets were flooded.
- The event was canceled due to bad weather conditions.
- The store was closed, therefore, they had to find another place to shop.
- He missed the train, consequently, he arrived late to the meeting.
- Owing to a power outage, the concert was postponed.
- She didn’t have enough sleep, thus, she felt tired throughout the day.
- He couldn’t attend the party, for this reason, he sent his apologies.
- The storm caused damage to the houses, resulting in the need for repairs.
- The baby was hungry, so she started crying.
- Lack of exercise and poor diet often leads to weight gain.
- They missed the train because of heavy traffic.
- The roads were icy, this is why there were many accidents.
- They spent all their money, as a consequence, they couldn’t afford the trip.
- He quit smoking, and since then, he feels healthier.
- The company introduced a new product, and in turn, its sales increased.
- She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.
Linking words for time and sequence
Time and sequence: Words that indicate time or sequence of events or actions.
These linking words and phrases can help you express the chronological order and sequence of events or actions. Use them appropriately to guide your audience through the progression of ideas or to outline the steps in a process or narrative.
- Firstly, let’s discuss the main causes of climate change.
- Secondly, we need to consider the potential solutions to the problem.
- Next, we will move on to the implementation phase of the project.
- We need to complete the research phase first. Then, we can start analyzing the data.
- After that, we can proceed with the construction of the building.
- The company experienced financial difficulties. Subsequently, they had to lay off several employees.
- The team was working on the project. Meanwhile, the marketing department was preparing the promotional materials.
- The two processes are happening simultaneously, ensuring efficient production.
- The report will be ready in a week. In the meantime, please proceed with the other tasks.
- During the meeting, we will discuss the budget and timeline.
- While he was studying, his friends were playing video games.
- Please wait here until your name is called.
- We need to complete the paperwork before the deadline.
- She attended the conference, and afterward, she shared her insights with the team.
- Finally, we reached an agreement after a long negotiation process.
- In the end, they decided to cancel the project due to budget constraints.
- The presentation was engaging, and at the same time, informative.
- Initially, he struggled with the new software, but with practice, he became proficient.
- At first, the project seemed overwhelming, but with proper planning, it became manageable.
Linking words for order of importance
Order of Importance: Words that highlight the hierarchy or ranking of ideas based on their significance.
These linking words and phrases can help you establish the order of importance when presenting ideas or arguments. Use them to emphasize the significance of certain points, highlight key considerations, or guide the reader’s attention to the most critical aspects.
- Most importantly, we need to prioritize the safety of our employees.
- Above all, we must prioritize the needs of our customers.
- The company’s success primarily depends on effective leadership and strategic planning.
- First and foremost, we need to address the urgent issue of inflation.
- The new policy chiefly focuses on reducing waste and promoting sustainability.
- Notably, the project resulted in significant cost savings for the organization.
- Above anything else, maintaining a high standard of quality is our top priority.
- It is essential to note that effective communication is the foundation of strong relationships.
- It is worth mentioning that the company’s ethical practices have earned it a positive reputation.
Linking words for exemplification
Example: Words that provide examples or illustrate a point.
These linking words and phrases can help you introduce examples and provide further clarification or evidence to support your statements. Use them to enhance your explanations and illustrate your points effectively.
Here’s a list of linking words and phrases that are commonly used to illustrate an example, along with examples:
- There are many fruits you can choose from, for example, apples, oranges, and bananas.
- Many countries have implemented environmental policies; for instance, Sweden has significantly reduced its carbon emissions.
- I enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and swimming.
- The party was attended by several guests, including friends, family, and colleagues.
- He has many hobbies, like painting, playing the guitar, and photography.
- The company provides various employee benefits, as an illustration, health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.
- Let me give you an example to illustrate my point.
- There are several endangered species in the area, namely the African elephant, the Bengal tiger, and the giant panda.
- The city offers various attractions, in particular, museums, parks, and historical landmarks.
- The project requires specific skills, specifically programming and data analysis.
- By way of example, let’s consider the case of a successful startup that disrupted the market.
- To give an example, let’s say you want to improve your fitness; you can try activities like jogging, swimming, or joining a gym.
- The experiment was conducted to demonstrate the effects of temperature on plant growth.
- As a case in point, many countries have implemented renewable energy initiatives to combat pollution.
- I will use a specific scenario to exemplify how the new policy can be implemented effectively.
- The job requires strong communication skills , in essence, the ability to express ideas clearly and persuasively.
- The city has invested in renewable energy projects to reduce its carbon footprint. One example of this is the installation of solar panels on public buildings.
- To be specific, the company offers three main product lines: electronics, appliances, and furniture.
- The data collected serves as proof that the new marketing strategy is effective.
- In a similar manner, many companies have embraced remote work as a response to the pandemic.
Linking words for focusing
These linking words and phrases can help you direct attention or emphasize a specific aspect of your discussion or argument. Use them appropriately to highlight the main points or focus areas, ensuring clarity and precision in your communication.
Here’s a list of linking words and phrases that are commonly used to express focusing or directing attention, along with examples:
- Specifically, we need to address the issue of employee turnover in our department.
- The marketing team has made significant progress, particularly in digital advertising.
- In particular, we need to improve our customer service to enhance customer satisfaction.
- Notably, the company achieved a record-breaking sales figure in the last quarter.
- This task requires attention to detail, especially when dealing with sensitive data.
- Specifically speaking, the new software update addresses the security vulnerabilities.
- Above all, we must prioritize the safety of our employees.
- The company’s success mainly relies on customer satisfaction and brand reputation.
- The primary goal of our project is to reduce waste and promote sustainability.
- Essentially, our focus should be on optimizing operational efficiency.
- Individually, each team member plays a crucial role in achieving our objectives.
- Precisely, we need to adhere to the project timeline to meet the deadline.
- Specifically, with regards to customer feedback, we have received positive reviews.
- The new product line has a sleek design, not to mention its advanced features.
- It is worth noting that the market trends are shifting towards online shopping.
- Above everything else, we need to prioritize the quality of our products.
- In essence, our primary objective is to provide exceptional customer service.
- To be more precise, we should focus on improving our supply chain management.
- In specific terms, the sales team needs to focus on building client relationships.
- More importantly, we need to address the concerns raised by our customers.
Linking words for conclusion
Conclusion: Words that summarize or conclude a text.
These linking words and phrases can help you signal the conclusion of your argument, presentation, or essay. Use them to summarize key points, restate your main argument, or provide a final thought or recommendation.
- In conclusion, it is evident that deforestation poses a significant threat to our planet.
- To sum up, the project was a great success, exceeding all expectations.
- Ultimately, the decision lies in your hands.
- All in all, it was a memorable vacation filled with adventure and relaxation.
- Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for their hard work and dedication.
- In summary, the findings of the study suggest a strong correlation between exercise and mental well-being.
- To conclude, the evidence supports the hypothesis that regular exercise improves cardiovascular health.
- The data collected consistently points to the same conclusion; therefore, we can confidently assert our findings.
- In essence, the research demonstrates that social media has a profound impact on interpersonal relationships.
- The campaign received widespread support, and as a result, donations increased significantly.
- In a nutshell, the project aims to promote sustainability through renewable energy initiatives.
- The experiments consistently yielded similar results; thus, we can draw a definitive conclusion.
- The evidence strongly suggests a link between smoking and lung cancer; hence, it is crucial to raise awareness about the risks.
- In light of these findings, it is necessary to reconsider the current educational policies.
- The company faced financial challenges, and consequently, had to downsize its workforce.
- In conclusion, it can be stated that effective communication is the key to successful teamwork.
- Taking all factors into account, it is clear that globalization has both positive and negative consequences.
- The lack of investment resulted in decreased productivity, as a consequence, the company experienced a decline in profits.
- The study findings reveal a correlation between stress levels and sleep quality; thus, it can be inferred that managing stress positively affects sleep.
- Given these points, it is evident that the project should be prioritized for its long-term benefits.
If you’d like more examples, check out this list of other ways to say in conclusion .
Conclusion: Ready to link your words?
These are just some examples of linking words, and there are numerous other linking words and phrases available for different purposes and contexts. Using them appropriately can greatly enhance the clarity and coherence of your writing or speech. So, if you want to become more fluent in English, it’s time to start thinking about linking words!
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The Ultimate List of Linking Words for Your Essay
Let’s face it: You can’t write an essay (or any other writing piece) without linking words.
Also known as connecting words or transition words, they serve to make your writing flow and help those reading your work follow the flow of your thoughts, ideas , and arguments .
This post is your guide to linking words and their role in writing. Not only will you learn the types of these words, examples, and reasons to use them, but you’ll also get a massive list of transition words and phrases as well as linking words PDF to download and use whenever necessary.
Table of Contents:
What are Linking Words?
Why use transition words in essays, linking words examples, addition/agreement/similarity, contrast/contradiction/limitation/opposition, comparison/concession/condition, clarification, cause/effect/result, emphasis/example, generalization, illustration, location/place/space, reason/reference, time/sequence, summary/conclusion/restatement.
- The Ultimate List of Linking Words: Download
Linking words are lexical items (words and phrases) we use to connect ideas in writing and get a reader to the next sentence or paragraph.
They aren’t about essay writing only:
Whether you write a fiction book, marketing content , academic works, autobiography , or poems, you’ll need to connect ideas. That’s what transition words do:
They link your thoughts and arguments into a chain to show how they relate to each other. Also known as transition words, these phrases often start a sentence or a paragraph. However, you’ll also use them in the middle of sentences to bring ideas together.
The most common places for linking words in essays are:
- the start of a paragraph
- the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument
- the beginning of a concluding statement
Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing. Put it simply, you can’t write a paper without using them; otherwise, your writing won’t make any sense for readers.
Transition words for essay serve to:
- connect ideas in writing
- create a flow of thoughts and arguments for readers to understand what you want to say
- guide readers from one idea to another, demonstrating how they relate to each other
- hook readers and encourage them to read the next sentence or paragraph
- add more information
- support or contrast a point
- show the result, conclude, demonstrate an effect of this or that point
Using essay maker and connecting words, each sentence and paragraph must pass readers on to the next one. These connecting words serve as an instrument to guide readers from one thought or point to the next.
Linking words examples are many, and it’s clear why: every piece of writing contains tons of connecting and transition words. Let’s take an essay sample from Bid4Papers writers to see the example of linking words in academic writing:
This one was an essay introduction .
Now, why not take a step further and look for essay linking words in essay conclusions ?
Types and List of Linking Words to Use in Essays
Below you’ll find the ultimate list of transition words for essays by categories. Choose the role you need a word to play (reason, contrast, emphasis, restatement, etc.) and consider the corresponding table of transitions.
If you need the whole transition words list in one place, jump to the next category of this post to find the downloadable linking words pdf.
And now, for connecting words categories:
These words serve to add info to what you’ve previously stated, demonstrate the commonality between arguments, and support your thoughts.
in the first place again moreover in like manner also of course in the same fashion/way identically correspondingly not to mention additionally just as… so too apart from this last | not only … but also to as well as in addition then likewise first, second, third uniquely similarly to say nothing of too along with further moreover | as a matter of fact and together with coupled with equally comparatively in the light of like furthermore as by the same token besides coupled with not to mention |
Linking words for contrast is your instrument to show how things are different and provide counterarguments. They work best in persuasive and critical essays.
however nevertheless nonetheless in contrast/in comparison while whereas conversely differing from even so although this may be true otherwise albeit besides be that as it may | still although / even though though on the other hand on the contrary alternatively in opposition instead nor different from at the same time even though then again regardless | but yet despite / in spite of as opposed to contrarily contrary to rather though unlike of course …, but albeit above all in reality after all |
These lexical items will help you if you need to provide conditions to your statements, show how things are different/similar, or accept a point with reservation.
similarly likewise also compare(d) to / with not only…but also alike equally in a similar manner in common still another although this may be true as on the condition that only if admittedly all the same even though however despite | like just as just like as with both by the same token in like manner in the same way because of even if given that since then unless although and still and yet nevertheless nonetheless | similar to same as compare correspondingly either equal most important resembles similarly granted that if in that case when whenever while be that as it may even if even so up to a point |
These words will help you with personal or narrative essays: They are linking words in opinion writing that indicates you’re going to explore ideas in more detail.
Expository essays will win with these words too.
I mean in explanation in lay terms to clearly define to explain | in other words in simple terms simply put to put it clearly to put it in another way | simply stated that is to say to break it down to simplify to make plain |
Cause and effect connecting words do what their name says exactly: demonstrating a cause of some point and providing the result of what has been done or started.
if in case granted (that) … then for the purpose of when so that in the hope that while due to in view of while lest hence | provided that as/so long as unless with this intention whenever so as to to the end that for fear that because of so as a result as a consequence (of) for this reason thereupon | given that on (the) condition (that) only/even if with this in mind since owing to inasmuch as in order to as seeing / being that therefore thus consequently forthwith then |
These words are for putting forward your point more forcefully, providing examples.
undoubtedly indeed obviously for instance that is (i.e.) such as chiefly clearly definitely it should be noted naturally never to repeat on the negative side significantly on the positives side to enumerate another key point first thing to remember to emphasize to put it another way truly | generally admittedly in fact including namely specifically especially even importantly obviously of course particularly / in particular truly with this in mind point often overlooked frequently to explain by all means surely in this case to demonstrate for this reason | particularly / in particular especially for example to illustrate above all absolutely in detail in truth indeed positively surprisingly to clarify with attention without a doubt specifically most compelling evidence expressively that is to say with attention to certainly for one thing as an illustration to be sure |
Perfect transition words for hypothesis essays , generalization lexical items serve to make a general statement you’ll then specify and prove in detail.
as a rule broadly speaking commonly mostly normally often | for the most part generally speaking in general/ generally predominately regularly typically | in most cases mainly more often than not on the whole overall |
These words and phrases are for you to provide examples in essays.
as an example of for example/ for instance for one thing like namely on this occasion | illustrated by in another case in the case of proof of this specifically such as | in this case in this situation including to demonstrate to clarify to simplify |
Use these words to provide order and reference or clarify spatial relationships between your points or ideas.
in the middle here further on this side where wherever in the foreground near alongside down beneath adjacent to underneath around | to the left/right there beyond in the distance from around in the background above up beside opposite to under surrounding at the rear | in front of next nearby here and there over before in the center of below among behind between across on top/on bottom adjacent |
These transitional words will help you demonstrate relationships between ideas and provide reasons for what and why has started or occurred.
because of for the purpose of given that seeing that so that with this in mind as applied to as far as concerning the fact that | granted that in fact in order to with this intention with this purpose for considering in connection to in terms with regards to | in view of owing to provided that because since as regarding speaking about/of with respect to examples of these might be: |
Use these words in your essay when you need to indicate the time and order of what you say.
at the present time after henceforth at the same time until meanwhile in due time then first, second as long as forthwith in the meantime by the time in the first place next formerly instantly quickly | from time to time later whenever up to the present time till further until now before in time when straight away in a moment whenever all of a sudden now suddenly presently finally | sooner or later last eventually to begin with since during as soon as hence prior to once without delay about at this instant now that immediately shortly occasionally another |
Restatement words will help you express an alternative to what you previously stated. They work for all essay types, including rhetorical precis and dialectic essays .
Use summary and conclusion transitional phrases to sum up your points and come up with the final paragraph of your writing.
as can be seen after all overall all things considered in conclusion by and large given these points in essence in any event for the most part altogether as noted therefore | generally speaking in fact ordinarily as shown above in short to sum up as has been noted to summarize in either case in the end as you can see to conclude | in the final analysis in summary usually in the long run in brief on the whole in a word on balance all in all in the final analysis finally given these points ultimately |
The Ultimate List of Connecting Words: Download
And now, for the most interesting and practical part:
Below you can find the linking words worksheet that gathers all the most commonly used transitional words in essays. Feel free to download this linking words PDF and refer to it every time you write an essay and experience writer’s block:
Do you need more guides and worksheets like this to assist you with academic writing? Please share your ideas in the comments, and our writers will be happy to help!
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- Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Published on 20 October 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on 15 March 2023.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.
The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.
For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.
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Table of contents
When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words.
Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.
Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.
Example text with and without transition words
The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.
If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Don’t overuse transition words
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.
In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.
The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.
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There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.
Additive transition words
Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Addition | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both and , not only but also , , in fact |
Introduction | Several researchers have previously explored this topic. , Smith (2014) examined the effects of … | such as, like, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, especially, notably |
Reference | The solution showed a high degree of absorption. , it is reasonable to conclude that … | considering , regarding , in regard to , as for , concerning , the fact that , on the subject of |
Similarity | It was not possible to establish a correlation between these variables. , the connection between and remains unclear … | similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in like manner, equally, likewise |
Clarification | The patient suffered several side effects, increased appetite, decreased libido, and disordered sleep. | that is (to say), namely, specifically, more precisely, in other words |
Adversative transition words
Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Conflict | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | but, however, although, though, equally, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, (and) yet, whereas, in contrast, (when) in fact, conversely, whereas |
Concession | Jones (2011) argues that the novel reflects Russian politics of the time. this is correct, other aspects of the text must also be considered. | even so, nonetheless, nevertheless, even though, on the other hand, admittedly, despite , notwithstanding , (and) still, although, , regardless (of ), (and) yet, though, granted |
Dismissal | It remains unclear which of these hypotheses is correct. , it can be inferred that … | regardless, either way, whatever the case, in any/either event, in any/either case, at any rate, all the same |
Emphasis | The chemical is generally thought to have corrosive properties. , several studies have supported this hypothesis. | above all, indeed, more/most importantly |
Replacement | The character of Godfrey is often viewed as selfish, self-absorbed. | (or) at least, (or) rather, instead, or (perhaps) even, if not |
Causal transition words
Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Consequence | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | therefore, because (of ), as a result (of ), for this reason, in view of , as, owing to x, due to (the fact that), since, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, hence, thus, so (that), accordingly, so much (so) that, under the/such circumstances, if so |
Condition | We qualified survey responses as positive the participant selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” , results were recorded as negative. | (even/only) if/when, on (the) condition that, in the case that, granted (that), provided/providing that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless, given that, being that, inasmuch/insofar as, in that case, in (all) other cases, if so/not, otherwise |
Purpose | We used accurate recording equipment our results would be as precise as possible. | to, in order to/that, for the purpose of, in the hope that, so that, to the end that, lest, with this in mind, so as to, so that, to ensure (that) |
Sequential transition words
Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Enumeration | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third… |
Initiation | , I want to consider the role played by women in this period. | in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, at first |
Continuation | , I discuss the way in which the country’s various ethnic minorities were affected by the conflict. | subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before , afterwards, after , then |
Conclusion | , I consider these two themes in combination. | to conclude (with), as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, finally, lastly |
Resumption | my main argument, it is clear that … | to return/returning to , to resume, at any rate |
Summation | Patel (2015) comes to a similar conclusion. , the four studies considered here suggest a consensus that the solution is effective. | as previously stated/mentioned, in summary, as I have argued, overall, as has been mentioned, to summarise, briefly, given these points, in view of , as has been noted, in conclusion, in sum, altogether, in short |
Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.
Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.
Confused use of therefore
“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
Starting a sentence with also , and , or so
While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.
- Also , a second round of testing was carried out.
To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.
- A second round of testing was also carried out.
- Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.
Transition words creating sentence fragments
Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.
We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.
And vs. as well as
Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before ‘as well as’ but not before ‘and’.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
- Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.
Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”
- Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
- Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.
Use of and/or
The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.
First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.
Archaic transition words
Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
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Caulfield, J. (2023, March 15). Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved 10 July 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/academic-style/transition-words-examples/
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- Common linking words
All sentences in a paragraph need to relate to the main idea in the topic sentence. The reader should be able to see how each sentence flows from the previous one and how each is connected to the topic sentence. Linking words and phrases weave sentences together to create a cohesive paragraph.
Linking words and phrases
First, firstly, second, third, thirdly | next, last finally |
in addition, moreover | furthermore |
also | In conclusion, to summarise |
The first... | The/a second |
One... | Another... |
An additional... |
In addition | Furthermore |
Also | and |
as well as |
For | because |
since | as |
because of | to cause |
So | as a result |
as a consequence | therefore |
thus | consequently |
hence | to result from |
due to | as a result/consequence |
of | to result in |
to affect |
Undoubtedly | Indeed |
Obviously | Generally |
Admittedly | In theory/fact |
Particularly | Especially |
Clearly |
Similarly | Likewise |
Also | Too |
as | just as |
and | like |
just like | similar to |
be similar to/ the same as | be alike |
not only...but also | to compare to/with |
However | Nevertheless |
Nonetheless | Still |
Although, Even though, though | but |
yet | Despite, In spite of |
In contrast, In comparison | While, whereas |
On the other hand | On the contrary |
But |
For example | For instance |
That is | Such as |
Including | Namely |
- Paragraph structure
- Paragraphs activity
- Topic sentences
- Why use linking words?
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COMMENTS
50 linking words to use in academic writing. academic writing. linkers. essay writing. thesis. ESL. English. It's very common for students to use long words they don't understand very well in their essays and theses because they have a certain idea of what academic writing should be.
Linking/Transition Words. Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma: Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below). Additional comments or ideas.
Learn how to use linking words to connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic writing such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. ... Transition sentences are used to start a new paragraph or section in an essay. They help the reader understand connections between ideas. 553. How to Write Topic Sentences | 4 Steps ...
Learn how to use linking words, transition words, or connecting words to improve writing flow and structure in essays. Find a list of linking words by type and function, with examples and a worksheet to test your skills.
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper. However, these words all have different meanings, nuances, and connotations. Before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely and be sure…
In Paragraph 1, the use of linking words like "Moreover," "despite," "Additionally," "However," and "Nevertheless" helps create a smooth and connected narrative, indicating additions, contrasts, and causal relationships between different ideas. The paragraph feels more cohesive and organized. In contrast, Paragraph 2 lacks ...
To join ideas and sentences, we use a number of connecting words and phrases. For example: Addition To add an idea. Additionally, and, also, apart from this, as well (as), in addition, moreover, further, furthermore. Condition to provide a condition. If, in that case, provided that, unless. For comparison To show how things are similar.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence. Transition words example
Learn how to use transition sentences to structure your essay and link different parts of your text. Find out when to place transition sentences, what types of transitions to use, and see examples of effective transitions.
Linking words and phrases. To make your work more readable and meaningful, ideas and paragraphs must be linked. Linking words are essential in developing coherent, logical arguments and discussion in your assignments. They show the relationships between the ideas and are the glue that holds your assignment together.
Linking words show the relationships between ideas. Linking words serve different functions, such as to compare ideas or to give examples, and can go at the start or in the middle of a sentence. Check a dictionary like the Cambridge Dictionary to see examples of how to use a particular linking word. The following table shows some common linking ...
Linking Words & Connecting Words as a PDF. It contains all the transition words listed on this site. The image to the left gives you an impression how it looks like. Usage of Transition Words in Essays. Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays, papers or other literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions ...
Sharing is caring! Linking words and phrases are used to show relationships between ideas. They can be used to join two or more sentences or clauses. We can use linking words to give a result, add information, summarize, give illustrations, emphasize a point, sequence information, compare or to contrast idea.
When using these words or phrases, you should be connecting paragraphs that show evidence that is contrary to the prior material or pointing out alternatives. This will show your readers that the essay has shifted to a different line of reasoning. Below are some words you can use to connect your paragraphs of this type.
These transitional words (like finally) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time. They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions. at the present time. from time to time. sooner or later. at the same time. up to the present time. to begin with.
Linking Words to Add more Information. These words simply add additional information to your sentence or paragraph to show that two ideas are similar. Here are some examples: It started to rain and I got soaked - 'and' is the linking word that connects the two ideas of the individual being in the rain and getting soaked.
Linking words and connector words are essential tools for effective communication and writing. They play a crucial role in connecting ideas, enhancing coherence, and guiding the flow of information. Whether you're writing an essay, giving. In this ultimate list of linking words, we have compiled a comprehensive collection of linking words along ...
The most common places for linking words in essays are: the start of a paragraph; the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument the beginning of a concluding statement; Why Use Transition Words in Essays. Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence. Transition words example
All sentences in a paragraph need to relate to the main idea in the topic sentence. The reader should be able to see how each sentence flows from the previous one and how each is connected to the topic sentence. Linking words and phrases weave sentences together to create a cohesive paragraphs.