phys rev research impact

Physical Review Research (PRResearch) is a fully open access, peer-reviewed journal welcoming the full spectrum of research topics of interest to the physics community and offering authors and readers the Physical Review experience and quality they value and trust.

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Physical Review Research

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Nuclear physicists make first precision measurements of radium monofluoride

For the first time, nuclear physicists have made precision measurements of a short-lived radioactive molecule, radium monofluoride (RaF). In their study published in the journal Nature Physics, the researchers combined ion-trapping ...

General Physics

May 22, 2024

New study reveals phonon properties of β-MoB₂ single crystal

According to research published in Physical Review Research, a research team led by Prof. Luo Xuan from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences discovered the existence of stacking faults ...

Condensed Matter

May 9, 2024

Research demonstrates a new mechanism of order formation in quantum systems

Researchers Kazuaki Takasan and Kyogo Kawaguchi of the University of Tokyo with Kyosuke Adachi of RIKEN, Japan, have demonstrated that ferromagnetism, an ordered state of atoms, can be induced by increasing particle motility ...

Apr 26, 2024

Scientists deliver quantum algorithm to develop new materials and chemistry

U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) scientists have published the Cascaded Variational Quantum Eigensolver (CVQE) algorithm in a recent Physical Review Research article. The algorithm is expected to become a powerful tool ...

Quantum Physics

Mar 25, 2024

Why is DNA almost always a right-handed helix? Exploring the causes of chirality

Why is the heart slightly on the left side of the body for most people? Why is DNA almost always a right-handed helix? Same with alpha helices, the building blocks of proteins. Chirality, or handedness, is everywhere in biology, ...

Molecular & Computational biology

Mar 22, 2024

Resonant tunneling: A possible way to probe the minimum length using atomic systems

A research team led by Prof. Dr. Yang Yong from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has revealed a remarkable quantum tunneling phenomenon across double potential barriers. They found ...

Feb 29, 2024

A machine learning predictor enhances capability for solving intricate physical problems

In a recent development at Fudan University, a team of applied mathematicians and AI scientists has unveiled a cutting-edge machine learning framework designed to revolutionize the understanding and prediction of Hamiltonian ...

Feb 26, 2024

A fruit fly's wing offers clues into how wounds heal

How long it takes for cells to close a fruit fly's wound can tell us a lot about the healing process in the early developmental stages of humans, and potentially treatments that prevent long-term damage.

Feb 23, 2024

Physicists identify overlooked uncertainty in real-world experiments

The equations that describe physical systems often assume that measurable features of the system—temperature or chemical potential, for example—can be known exactly. But the real world is messier than that, and uncertainty ...

Jan 15, 2024

Research offers insights into the metal-to-insulator transition without breaking symmetry

Metal-to-insulator transition—a process that turns materials from a conductor to an insulator—has been a crucial process behind microelectronic switches, nonvolatile memory, and neuromorphic computing materials. In many ...

Jan 11, 2024

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Covering the full range of accelerator science and technology, and funded by contributions from national and international laboratories and other partners.

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Linking ISSN (ISSN-L): 2643-1564

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Title proper: Physical review research.

Abbreviated key-title: Phys. rev. res.

Other variant title: PRResearch

Original alphabet of title: Basic roman

Subject: Dewey : 530

Subject: Physics

Corporate contributor: American Physical Society.

Publisher: [College Park MD]: American Physical Society, 2019-

Dates of publication: 2019- 9999

Description: Began with: Volume 1, issue 1 (August 2019).

Frequency: Quarterly

Type of resource: Periodical

Language: English

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What niche is PRResearch supposed to fill that the other APS journals don’t already cover?

I read the description of the new journal PRResearch on the APS website, but I am still confused. APS publishes specialized journals, including PRA/B/C/D/E, for each major branch of physics, and journals with a broader scope and large impact, such as PRL and PRX.

My main question is: How is PRResearch standing in comparison with the specialized and lower impact PRA/B/C/D/E and the broader and higher impact PRL and PRX? What niche is it supposed to fill?

On one hand, PRResearch is multidisciplinary as PRL/PRX, and both PRResearch and PRX are full open access with publication charges, whereas the other APS journals are not full open access but only have open access options. On the other hand, as it is written on their website:

The acceptance criteria for PRResearch are aligned with those of other long-established journals in the family, such as Physical Review A, B, C, D, and E.

• publications
• open-access

• 2 They probably want to get those papers funded by grants that mandate Open Access publication. For my funding agencies, arXiv deposition (which is compatible with APS journals) is enough, but I guess some agencies demand the final version to be Open Access too. –  Miguel Commented Sep 15, 2020 at 18:27
• 1 Hasn't the second half of your question already been discussed here, in your very own question: academia.stackexchange.com/questions/155005/… I suggest you remove that part. –  user151413 Commented Sep 15, 2020 at 20:45
• @Miguel You can have this with PR[A-E] as well. –  user151413 Commented Sep 15, 2020 at 20:45
• @user151413 PR[A-E] are not compatible with Plan S coalition-s.org/… –  Anonymous Physicist Commented Sep 15, 2020 at 23:36
• 1 @sintetico: It is defined in this FAQ . And yes, this is primarily authored by me, but its purpose is to reflect the current community consensus as a status quo on which to base discussions as well as provide a FAQ. If you disagree with that, you have to suggest something else on Academia Meta and it has to get accepted by the community as reflected by votes. –  Wrzlprmft ♦ Commented Sep 16, 2020 at 7:20

APS clearly intends for Physical Review Research to be less selective than PRL/PRX, as they elucidated in two volume 1 editorials:

M. Thoennessen: "Editorial: Introducing Physical Review Research "

We are launching Physical Review Research to achieve three main objectives: (1) to cover the entire range of topics in physics and related fields, including interdisciplinary and newly emerging areas of research, (2) to offer an attractive option for all authors who prefer or are required to publish in fully open access journals, and (3) to align its quality standards and selection criteria with those of the other long-established topical journals in the family, such as Physical Review A–E, Physical Review Applied, Physical Review Fluids, and Physical Review Materials.

R. D'Souza, J.-W. Pan, N. Spaldin, and J. J. Liétor-Santos: "Editorial: Our vision for Physical Review Research " in volume 1:

Within the Physical Review family, Physical Review X provides an open access journal showcasing the most selective papers in pure, applied and interdisciplinary physics. Now, Physical Review Research will complement this title by providing a fully open access title with rigorous peer-review standards and with the same acceptance criteria as Physical Review A through E, Physical Review Applied, Physical Review Fluids, and Physical Review Materials. Our goal is to establish a publication that offers the same experience and quality that we value and trust, while increasing authors’ choice within the Physical Review portfolio. As such, we welcome authors of quality manuscripts not accepted by Physical Review X or Physical Review Letters to seamlessly transfer their work to be considered for publication in Physical Review Research.

Hence I would expect its initial impact factor (expected to arrive in June 2021) to be more aligned with the specialized journals, than with the flagships. But as you've already heard it is hard to tell exactly where it will end up.

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Physical Review A

Covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information.

• Collections
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Editorial: Coauthor! Coauthor!

May 21, 2024.

When determining the authorship list for your next paper, be generous yet disciplined.

PERSPECTIVE

Multipartite continuous-variable optical quantum entanglement: generation and application.

The authors offer an overview of progress and a future perspective of large-scale optical quantum entanglement. They cover a broad range of topics from the basics of continuous-variable optical quantum entanglement and a multiplexing methodology for the generation of large-scale quantum entanglement to future approaches toward practical usages of large-scale optical quantum entanglement. The content includes both pedagogical content and the search for future directions beyond the current frontier.

Warit Asavanant and Akira Furusawa Phys. Rev. A 109 , 040101 (2024)

Editorial: Enhancing Physical Review A Letters

January 4, 2023.

Physical Review A is excited to offer better visibility and a tailored abstract for our popular Letter articles.

Self-testing of genuine multipartite entangled states without network assistance

Self-testing of quantum correlations is an important problem in quantum information theory, and the task becomes more challenging in multipartite scenarios. In this context, the authors provide a network-assistance-free self-testing scheme for genuine multipartite entangled states by employing a generalized Hardy-type nonlocality argument and exploring its device-independent bound of the maximum probability of success.

Ranendu Adhikary, Abhishek Mishra, and Ramij Rahaman Phys. Rev. A 110 , L010401 (2024)

Spin-precession method for sensitive electric dipole moment searches

In the context of searches for a nonzero permanent electric dipole moment (EDM), a spin-precession method is demonstrated which provides a high sensitivity to experimental parameters such as electric-field strength and employed laser intensity while maintaining sensitivity to an EDM. This approach allows for constraining systematic biases as a necessary step towards an increased sensitivity in probing physics beyond the Standard Model through stringent EDM limits.

A. Boeschoten et al. Phys. Rev. A 110 , L010801 (2024)

NEW ARTICLE

Faithful geometric measures for genuine tripartite entanglement.

The authors present a geometric picture for tripartite entanglement that is valid for discrete, continuous, and even hybrid quantum systems. They further show that the triangle area, enclosed by any tripartite state, is a faithful measure for genuine tripartite entanglement.

Xiaozhen Ge et al. Phys. Rev. A 110 , L010402 (2024)

Propagation effects in resonant high-order harmonic generation and high-order frequency mixing in a laser plasma

Increasing the high-order harmonic-generation brightness is a key route to advance attosecond XUV light sources, which can be done by exploiting a resonance with a ground-to-autoionizing-state transition of the atom. In this Letter, it is shown that narrower resonances not only boost the high-order harmonic microscopic response but also improve phase matching, while for wider resonances the phase matching can be achieved in high-order frequency mixing.

V. V. Strelkov and M. A. Khokhlova Phys. Rev. A 110 , L011101 (2024)

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Amorphous quantum magnets in a two-dimensional rydberg atom array.

The authors present a comprehensive proposal for how to simulate amorphous quantum magnets using an array of Rydberg atoms. They describe an experimental protocol for generating various configurations, and theoretically explore some of the physics.

Sergi Julià-Farré, Joseph Vovrosh, and Alexandre Dauphin Phys. Rev. A 110 , 012602 (2024)

Bypassing thermalization timescales in temperature estimation using prethermal probes

The authors consider time as a resource in thermometry. Noninvasive equilibrium probes are limited by their slow equilibration time. To overcome this deficiency, the authors introduce prethermal temperature probes, making use of the long-lived metastable states of systems with quasidegenerate excited states. Prethermal probes are shown to surpass corresponding equilibrium probes in terms of effective thermal sensitivity, opening avenues for rapid thermometry.

Nicholas Anto-Sztrikacs, Harry J. D. Miller, Ahsan Nazir, and Dvira Segal Phys. Rev. A 109 , L060201 (2024)

Topological winding guaranteed coherent orthogonal scattering

The authors introduce a new scattering phenomenon called coherent orthogonal scattering, where the output wave becomes orthogonal to the reference output wave in the absence of scatterers. This effect leads to complete extinction and complete mode conversion. The authors further examine the conditions for this effect and reveal its topological nature by relating it to the indivisibility between the dimension and the winding number of scattering submatrices.

Cheng Guo and Shanhui Fan Phys. Rev. A 109 , L061503 (2024)

Two-mode squeezing in Floquet-engineered power-law interacting spin models

Long-range interacting spin systems can be used to generate metrologically useful entanglement in the form of spin squeezing resulting in quantum enhanced sensitivity. This work considers power-law spin exchange interactions to generate two-mode squeezing in a bilayer geometry. It shows how spatial control over the geometry allows for achieving the same sensitivity with power-law interactions as with infinite-range interactions, and how spatially Floquet-engineered interactions allow for achieving the ultimate Heisenberg scaling of sensitivity.

Arman Duha and Thomas Bilitewski Phys. Rev. A 109 , L061304 (2024)

Ultracold coherent control of molecular collisions at a Förster resonance

The authors show that a precise microwave preparation of a quantum superposition between three rotational states of an ultracold dipolar molecule generates controllable interferences in their calculated collisional rate coefficients, at an electric field that produces a Förster resonance. This can enable coherent control on ultracold molecular collisions in current experiments.

Thibault Delarue and Goulven Quéméner Phys. Rev. A 109 , L061303 (2024)

Conformal invariance in out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates governed by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Researchers investigate the dynamics of out-of-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing the emergence of conformal invariant transient states and Schramm-Loewner evolution behavior, characterized by the evolution of density isolines. The paper discusses a link between this behavior in quantum turbulence and other four-wave interacting systems.

J. Amette Estrada, M. Noseda, P. J. Cobelli, and P. D. Mininni Phys. Rev. A 109 , L061302 (2024)

Chiral photoelectron spectroscopy using unpolarized light

The author demonstrates through symmetry analysis that the vector correlations induced by dipole-allowed transitions are generally sensitive to molecular chirality. As an example, the author finds that the two-particle angular distributions of photoelectrons and fragment ions resulting from ionization of randomly oriented molecules exhibit chirality, even with unpolarized or linearly polarized light.

Yoshi-Ichi Suzuki Phys. Rev. A 109 , L060802 (2024)

Weak-measurement-based pseudospin pointer: A cost-effective scheme for precision measurement

Faithfully condensing the vital information of a physical system is of significant fundamental and practical interest. In this letter, the authors introduce a measurement scheme and present a proof-of-principle experiment of a dimensionless pseudospin pointer based on weak measurement.

Ling Ye et al. Phys. Rev. A 109 , L060601 (2024)

Absolute rate coefficient measurements of the reactions of vibrationally cold HD + and H 3 + ions with neutral C atoms

The authors obtained experimental rate coefficients for reactions between HD + and H 3 + ions and neutral C atoms using a recently commissioned ion-neutral collision setup at the Cryogenic Storage Ring (CSR), located at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg. The measurements with vibrationally cold ions result in significantly higher rate coefficients when compared with previous studies using internally excited ions. The new data are supported by dedicated theoretical calculations and provide new insights into the dynamics of this type of reaction at interstellar conditions.

Florian Grussie et al. Phys. Rev. A 109 , 062804 (2024)

APS Announces Outstanding Referees for 2024

APS has selected 156 Outstanding Referees for 2024 who have demonstrated exceptional work in the assessment of manuscripts published in the Physical Review journals. A full list of the Outstanding Referees is available online .

Editorial: Introducing Perspective Articles

April 18, 2022.

Three journals are excited to announce a new article type, “Perspectives,” to provide forward-looking views of cutting-edge science that has recently emerged or is enjoying renewed activity.

Special Collection on Laser-Plasma Particle Acceleration

We are very pleased to offer the readers of Physical Review a new, carefully curated collection of articles from the vibrant field of laser-plasma particle acceleration. Some of the articles have already been published, and others will be forthcoming. This Collection is the latest in the journal’s series of Special Collections on current or emerging fields and topics.

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Clarivate Analytics has released the 2023 Journal Citation Reports, which provides journal impact factors and rankings for over 11,000 scholarly journals.

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Offer includes Journal Access and waived article publication charges to Scientists in 100+ Lower and Middle Income Countries

With the recent availability of multiple platforms for cloud quantum computing, Physical Review A is formalizing some expectations for manuscripts reporting work that makes use of such platforms.

We welcome Davide Girolami (Politecnico di Torino), who joins the editorial staff of Physical Review A as a remote Associate Editor.

After serving as a remote Associate Editor for Physical Review A for three years, Margaret Reid is retiring from her editorial position. Margaret handled close to 700 papers in the area of quantum foundations, nonlocality, and quantum coherence with great expertise, and we are very grateful for her contribution as an editor and her efforts on behalf of PRA.

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Physical Review Research

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Impact of nanometer-thin stiff layer on adhesion to rough surfaces

Shubhendu kumar, babu gaire, b. n. j. persson, and ali dhinojwala, phys. rev. research 6 , 033015 – published 2 july 2024.

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Physical Review X

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Emerging Research Landscape of Altermagnetism

Libor šmejkal, jairo sinova, and tomas jungwirth, phys. rev. x 12 , 040501 – published 8 december 2022.

• Citing Articles (107)
• INTRODUCTION
• ALTERMAGNETIC PHASE
• PHYSICAL CONCEPTS
• RESEARCH AREAS
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Magnetism is one of the largest, most fundamental, and technologically most relevant fields of condensed-matter physics. Traditionally, two basic magnetic phases have been distinguished ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. The spin polarization in the electronic band structure reflecting the magnetization in ferromagnetic crystals underpins the broad range of time-reversal symmetry-breaking responses in this extensively explored and exploited type of magnets. By comparison, antiferromagnets have vanishing net magnetization. Recently, there have been observations of materials in which strong time-reversal symmetry-breaking responses and spin-polarization phenomena, typical of ferromagnets, are accompanied by antiparallel magnetic crystal order with vanishing net magnetization, typical of antiferromagnets. A classification and description based on spin-symmetry principles offers a resolution of this apparent contradiction by establishing a third distinct magnetic phase, dubbed altermagnetism. Our perspective starts with an overview of the still emerging unique phenomenology of this unconventional d -wave (or higher even-parity wave) magnetic phase, and of the wide array of altermagnetic material candidates. We illustrate how altermagnetism can enrich our understanding of overarching condensed-matter physics concepts and how it can have impact on prominent condensed-matter research areas.

• Received 15 March 2022
• Revised 15 August 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.12.040501

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

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Authors & Affiliations

• 1 Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
• 2 Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Praha 6 Czech Republic
• 3 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom

Article Text

Vol. 12, Iss. 4 — October - December 2022

Subject Areas

• Condensed Matter Physics
• Spintronics

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Illustrative models of collinear ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and altermagnetism in crystal-structure real space and nonrelativistic electronic-structure momentum space. (a) Ferromagnetic model with one spin sublattice, and corresponding distinct spin-group form, nonzero magnetization, T -symmetry breaking momentum-independent spin splitting of bands, and isotropic s -wave spin-split Fermi surfaces. (b) Antiferromagnetic model with opposite-spin sublattices (red, blue) connected by inversion or translation, and corresponding distinct spin-group form, zero net magnetization, and T -invariant spin-degenerate bands reminiscent of nonmagnetic systems. (c) Altermagnetic model with opposite-spin sublattices connected by rotation and not by translation or inversion, and corresponding distinct spin-group form, zero net magnetization, T -symmetry breaking spin splitting with alternating sign, anisotropic sublattice spin densities, and anisotropic d ( g or i )-wave spin-split Fermi surfaces. See Sec.  2b for the definitions of the distinct spin-group forms R s i .

Analogy between superconductivity and magnetism. Top: conventional s -wave superconductivity, which has the same Cooper-pair phase around the Fermi surface and is analogous to conventional magnetism (ferromagnetism) with an excess of one spin orientation around the Fermi surface. Bottom: unconventional d -wave superconductivity where the Cooper-pair phase changes sign around the Fermi surface, and the anticipated analogy of unconventional d -wave magnetism where the excess spin orientation changes sign around the Fermi surface. The unconventional phases have the characteristic nodes highlighted by gray circles. This figure was inspired by Ref. [ 29 ].

(a) Schematics of the rutile X Y 2 crystal structure with antiparallel magnetic moments on X A and X B magnetic sublattices. (b) Brillouin zone of the rutile crystal and ab initio nonrelativistic calculation of a wave-vector k z = 0 cut of the anisotropic d -wave spin-polarized Fermi surface of metallic RuO 2 . (c)  Ab initio altermagnetic spin splitting of bands in RuO 2 , calculated without (red and blue) and with (black) relativistic spin-orbit coupling. (d)  Ab initio altermagnetic spin-split Fermi surface for selected k z values in RuO 2 with correlations accounted for within the dynamical mean-field theory. (d,e) Ab initio altermagnetic spin-split bands of insulating FeF 2 and MnF 2 , respectively. This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 3, 18, 20, 47 ].

(a) Schematic top view (upper panel) and 3D view (lower panel) of the RuO 2 crystal with opposite spin directions on Ru A and Ru B sublattices depicted in red and blue, oxygen atoms shown in black, and with the depicted nonrelativistic spin-group symmetries corresponding to spin group 4 2 / m 1 m 2 m 1 in the notation of Ref. [ 16 ]. The curved red arrow and its label highlight the generator of opposite-spin sublattice transformations, and the generators of the halving subgroup of same-spin sublattice transformations are also highlighted (in black). Here, C 2 on the left of the double vertical bar is a 180° spin-space rotation transformation around an axis perpendicular to the spins, and E is the spin-space identity. On the right of the double vertical bar, C 4 z t is a fourfold real-space rotation combined with translation, and M i are real-space mirror transformations. (b) Schematic spin arrangement on the RuO 2 crystal with antiparallel (upper panel) and parallel (lower panel) spin directions and the crystallographic spin-axis orientation depicted by red and blue arrows, and with the depicted generators of the relativistic magnetic symmetry group m ′ m ′ m . Here, T is time reversal. The crossed arrow highlights that the magnetic group contains no opposite spin-sublattice transformation elements. The same magnetic group describes a fully compensated antiparallel magnetic order, a parallel magnetic order with a strong nonrelativistic ferromagnetic moment, as well as an antiparallel magnetic order with a weak uncompensated relativistic magnetization [ 16 ]. This example illustrates that the relativistic magnetic groups generally do not separate between relativistic and nonrelativistic, compensated and noncompensated, or collinear and noncollinear magnetic phases. This figure is adapted from Ref. [ 16 ].

(a) Spin-polarized relativistic Fermi surface highlighting the presence of the approximate spin symmetry [ C 2 | | C 4 z ] , omitted by the magnetic group. (b) Relativistic momentum-resolved Berry curvature hotspots originating from the avoided crossings along the k x , y = 0 lines, whose position in the momentum space is determined by the spin symmetries in the absence of the relativistic spin-orbit coupling. (c) Fermi-surface-resolved Berry curvature of the FeSb 2 altermagnet illustrates pronounced contributions to Berry curvature from the quasinodal surface k x = 0 , k y = 0 . (d) Brillouin zone notation. This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 5, 7, 16 ].

Crystal structures of selected altermagnetic candidates organized by dimensionality and conduction type. The crystal structure are discussed in detail in Refs. [ 7, 16 ].

(a)–(d)  Ab initio spin-split band structures of depicted altermagnetic candidate materials. This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 6, 7, 15, 116 ].

Altermagnetic candidates identified from ab initio calculations, organized in a altermagnetic transition temperature vs altermagnetic spin-splitting strength diagram. The size of the balls scales with the largest atomic number in the crystal. This figure is adapted from Ref. [ 16 ] and references therein.

(a) Model relativistic Rashba spin-split bands. (b) Model of antiferromagnetic zero-magnetization crystal of BiCoO 3 with magnetic symmetry T t , and with broken space-inversion symmetry. (c) Model nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin splitting. (d) Model of altermagnetic crystal of RuO 2 with nonrelativistic spin symmetry [ C 2 ∥ C 4 t ] . The crystal are discussed in Refs. [ 16, 101 ].

(a) Schematic diagram of the anisotropic ( d -wave) exchange Fermi-liquid instability in the altermagnet. The black line corresponds to the spin-degenerate band in the nonmagnetic phase, while red and blue lines are spin-split bands in the altermagnetic phase. (b) Spin-projected (and orbital-projected) ab initio bands of RuO 2 in the energy window corresponding to panel (a). (c) Schematic diagram of the isotropic ( s -wave) exchange Fermi-liquid instability combined with anisotropic crystal potential in the altermagnet. Solid and dashed black lines correspond to the spin-degenerate bands dominated by one or the other sublattice in the nonmagnetic phase, respectively. Red and blue lines are spin-split bands in the altermagnetic phase. (d) Spin-projected (and orbital-projected) ab initio bands of RuO 2 in the energy window corresponding to panel (c). Pink boxes with labels 1 and 2 correspond to the full ab initio bands of RuO 2 shown in Fig.  3 . This figure is adapted from Ref. [ 16 ].

(a,b) Model of the altermagnetic quasiparticle with quadratic dispersion around the spin-degenerate Γ point, and spin-winding number 2 around the Γ point. The model corresponds to Eq. ( 1 ). (c,d) Model of the altermagnetic spin-polarized valley quasiparticle with no spin winding in the valley. The model corresponds to Eq. ( 2 ). The center of a valley is at TRIM, and the spin polarization is opposite at TRIM X and Y . (e) Schematic illustration of distinct symmetries of band structures with nonrelativistic altermagnetic and relativistic nonmagnetic valleys. (f) Real-space spin-dependent hoppings used to construct model band structures in panels (a)–(c). This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 6, 7, 13 ].

(a) Schematics of the longitudinal spin current in altermagnets. For an electric bias E applied along one of the main anisotropy axes of the spin-split Fermi surfaces, the spin-up and spin-down charge currents are parallel but of different magnitudes due to the Fermi-surface anisotropies. As a result, the longitudinal charge current is spin polarized. (b) Schematics of a GMR stack in a current-in-plane geometry. As an example, we show the antiparallel configuration of the altermagnetic-order vectors in the two electrodes AM 1 and AM 2 . Interfaces are oriented along one of the main anisotropy axes of the spin-split bands. Energy band cuts highlight the anisotropy around the Γ point, resulting in anisotropic spin-dependent conductivities. (c) Schematics of the transverse spin current. For E applied in the diagonal direction between the two anisotropy axes of the spin-split Fermi surfaces, the spin-up and spin-down charge currents combine in an unpolarized longitudinal charge current and in a pure transverse spin current. (d) Spin-splitter-torque concept on a schematic of altermagnetic-altermagnetic (ferromagnetic) bilayer. A spin-current from the bottom altermagnet propagates in the out-of-plane direction and generates a spin-splitter torque on the altermagnetic (or ferromagnetic) order vector in the top layer. (e)  Ab initio longitudinal spin-up and spin-down conductivities (red and blue), GMR, and the ratio of the transverse spin current relative to the longitudinal charge current (SCR) in RuO 2 . This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 8, 13 ].

(a) Schematics of a TMR stack with an insulating barrier and altermagnetic electrodes with parallel and antiparallel order vectors. Energy band cuts highlight the oppositely split valleys, resulting in valley and spin-dependent densities of states. (b)  Ab initio quantum-transmission calculations of the TMR in a RuO 2 | TiO 2 | RuO 2 tunnel junction. (c) Model spin and transport-momentum projected band structure, and relative difference between the conductances in the parallel and antiparallel configurations of the altermagnetic-order vectors in the two electrodes. The TMR is maximized for transport energies corresponding to the spin-split valleys well separated in momentum. This figure is adapted from Refs. [ 13, 14 ].

Summary of the emerging research landscape of altermagnetism.

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