Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. . Year of Publication. Name of Academic Institution Awarding the Degree if given, Type of source (PhD dissertation or Master's thesis). , URL.
If you're citing a dissertation or thesis that is not posted online, you can exclude the website/database/repository name and link from the citation. If citing the PDF version of the document, add the following at the end of the citation: PDF download.
Wiley, Amanda J. . 2021. Columbia University, PhD dissertation. , . PDF download.
Altidor-Brooks, Alison Genevieve. . 2014. University of Toronto, Master's thesis. , .
(Author's Last Name Page Number if available)
(Wiley 5)
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Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the MLA Handbook and in chapter 7 of the MLA Style Manual . Both books provide extensive examples, so it's a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.
In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations . This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.
General Guidelines
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:
Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads . Oxford UP, 1967.
For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.
These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method . University of California Press, 1966.
When a source has a corporate author, it is acceptable to use the name of the corporation followed by the page number for the in-text citation. You should also use abbreviations (e.g., nat'l for national) where appropriate, so as to avoid interrupting the flow of reading with overly long parenthetical citations.
If a source uses a labeling or numbering system other than page numbers, such as a script or poetry, precede the citation with said label. When citing a poem, for instance, the parenthetical would begin with the word “line”, and then the line number or range. For example, the examination of William Blake’s poem “The Tyger” would be cited as such:
The speaker makes an ardent call for the exploration of the connection between the violence of nature and the divinity of creation. “In what distant deeps or skies. / Burnt the fire of thine eyes," they ask in reference to the tiger as they attempt to reconcile their intimidation with their relationship to creationism (lines 5-6).
Longer labels, such as chapters (ch.) and scenes (sc.), should be abbreviated.
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name, following these guidelines.
Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.
Titles longer than a standard noun phrase should be shortened into a noun phrase by excluding articles. For example, To the Lighthouse would be shortened to Lighthouse .
If the title cannot be easily shortened into a noun phrase, the title should be cut after the first clause, phrase, or punctuation:
In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title appears in the parenthetical citation, and the full title of the article appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry on the Works Cited page. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows:
"The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs . 1999. www.climatehotmap.org/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009.
If the title of the work begins with a quotation mark, such as a title that refers to another work, that quote or quoted title can be used as the shortened title. The single quotation marks must be included in the parenthetical, rather than the double quotation.
Parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages, used in conjunction, allow readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work.
Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work, like Marx and Engels's The Communist Manifesto . In such cases, give the page number of your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). For example:
When you cite a work that appears inside a larger source (for instance, an article in a periodical or an essay in a collection), cite the author of the internal source (i.e., the article or essay). For example, to cite Albert Einstein's article "A Brief Outline of the Theory of Relativity," which was published in Nature in 1921, you might write something like this:
See also our page on documenting periodicals in the Works Cited .
Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. For example:
For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:
Corresponding Works Cited entry:
Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations , vol. 108, no. 1, Fall 2009, pp. 1-21. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1
For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name, and replace the additional names with et al.
Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine , vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333.
If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.
Citing two articles by the same author :
Citing two books by the same author :
Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, and, when appropriate, the page number(s):
If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.)
In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter, and verse. For example:
If future references employ the same edition of the Bible you’re using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation:
John of Patmos echoes this passage when describing his vision (Rev. 4.6-8).
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:
Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source.
Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch. A period follows the name (e.g., JAMES.) . After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation. When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source.
Conclude with a parenthetical that explains where to find the excerpt in the source. Usually, the author and title of the source can be given in a signal phrase before quoting the excerpt, so the concluding parenthetical will often just contain location information like page numbers or act/scene indicators.
Here is an example from O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh.
WILLIE. (Pleadingly) Give me a drink, Rocky. Harry said it was all right. God, I need a drink.
ROCKY. Den grab it. It's right under your nose.
WILLIE. (Avidly) Thanks. (He takes the bottle with both twitching hands and tilts it to his lips and gulps down the whiskey in big swallows.) (1.1)
With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL's Evaluating Sources of Information resource), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your Works Cited page.
Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:
Two types of non-print sources you may encounter are films and lectures/presentations:
In the two examples above “Herzog” (a film’s director) and “Yates” (a presentor) lead the reader to the first item in each citation’s respective entry on the Works Cited page:
Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo . Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982.
Yates, Jane. "Invention in Rhetoric and Composition." Gaps Addressed: Future Work in Rhetoric and Composition, CCCC, Palmer House Hilton, 2002. Address.
Electronic sources may include web pages and online news or magazine articles:
In the first example (an online magazine article), the writer has chosen not to include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes both the author’s last name and the article title in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader to the appropriate entry on the Works Cited page (see below).
In the second example (a web page), a parenthetical citation is not necessary because the page does not list an author, and the title of the article, “MLA Formatting and Style Guide,” is used as a signal phrase within the sentence. If the title of the article was not named in the sentence, an abbreviated version would appear in a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Both corresponding Works Cited entries are as follows:
Taylor, Rumsey. "Fitzcarraldo." Slant , 13 Jun. 2003, www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/fitzcarraldo/. Accessed 29 Sep. 2009.
"MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue OWL , 2 Aug. 2016, owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/. Accessed 2 April 2018.
To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:
When creating in-text citations for media that has a runtime, such as a movie or podcast, include the range of hours, minutes and seconds you plan to reference. For example: (00:02:15-00:02:35).
Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations, or common knowledge (For example, it is expected that U.S. citizens know that George Washington was the first President.). Remember that citing sources is a rhetorical task, and, as such, can vary based on your audience. If you’re writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, you may need to deal with expectations of what constitutes “common knowledge” that differ from common norms.
The MLA Handbook describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encounter a source or author category that the handbook does not describe, making the best way to proceed can be unclear.
In these cases, it's typically acceptable to apply the general principles of MLA citation to the new kind of source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do this is to simply use the standard MLA directions for a type of source that resembles the source you want to cite.
You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. For example, Norquest College provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers —an author category that does not appear in the MLA Handbook . In cases like this, however, it's a good idea to ask your instructor or supervisor whether using third-party citation guidelines might present problems.
Panasuk, Noel. What Variables Appear to Work in Stress Management Programs in the Workplace and How Effective are These Programs? MS Thesis, The College of St. Scholastica, 2008.
Author: Panasuk, Noel. Last name first, followed by first and middle names. End with a period.
Title & subtitle of the book: What Variables Appear to Work in Stress Managment Programs in the Workplace and How Effective are These Programs? The title and subtitle are separated by a colon. Capitalize all important and proper words. Place in Italics and end with a period or if it has a question mark in the title, that is sufficient. Status of Publishing: MA Thesis, Use the words MA Thesis followed by a comma. If it is a project, then use the words MA project. If it is a doctoral dissertation, use the word Dissertation. Name of Institution Where Degree was Granted: The College of St. Scholastica, The full name of the college or university followed by a comma. Year of Publication: 2008. List the year of publication, which appears on the title page or the title page verso (back side of title page). End citation with a period.
[Th e above information is based on Purdue OWL .]
Example 1 – MA Thesis
In-Text:
( Gaudette 47 )
Works Cited:
Example 2 – PhD Dissertation
( Thomson 145-51 )
If you are a student wondering how to cite dissertation MLA (Modern Language Association) style, then keep reading. This article discusses how to cite a thesis MLA style/citing a dissertation MLA style.
Mla citation thesis: write out the author’s surname and page number.
Now for some other citation styles, you have the freedom to decide whether or not to include a page number. If you are paraphrasing the entire source, you may not include a page number. If you are quoting a direct statement, you may include a page number. However, in a thesis MLA/MLA dissertation, including a page number is important.
Here is how:
First of all, open your parentheses and write out the author’s surname. Next, type a space, write out the page number and close the parentheses.
For example, (Sheepbottom 81).
If two or three people authored the work, write out their surnames and page number. For example, (Sheepbottom, Leg, and Puke, 81 – 83).
If four or more people authored the work, write out their surnames and page number. For example, (Sheepbottom et al. 81).
Note, this citation should always come at the end of the information and before the final full stop.
While citing a source with its author’s name is easy for some students, citing one without the name of the author is a bit tricky. However, you do not have to worry if your source does not come with the name of its author. This is because you can still cite your source all the same. To cite a source without an author, just write out the title of the source in quotes and the page number in parentheses. You can also shorten the source title while adding its page number. However, if your source is from a website or one without pages, simply write out only the title in quotes.
For example, (“Do You Include Ph.D. in MLA Citation?” 90) for sources without authors
(“How to Cite a Dissertation MLA 8”) for sources without page numbers.
Sometimes, you may get useful information from the same source. Thus, you will need to cite it multiple times. To do so, simply write out the first information and cite the author and page number in parentheses. For the second information from the same source, write only the page number.
For example, “ Where does the thesis go in MLA format? It is simply arranged according to standard (Sheepbottom 81). The MLA thesis format is one that schools ignore thus making it difficult for students who are unfamiliar with it (90). “
Still, you may want to cite a new source in between the information of your first source. All you have to do is cite the new source appropriately and cite your old source again.
For example, “Citing dissertation MLA style is not as popular (Sheepbottom 85). This is the same problem as citing a thesis MLA style (88). That is why an MLA thesis example is an important guide for the student (Puke 62). An example will show you how to cite thesis MLA style (Sheepbottom 57). “
The thesis MLA format that this article has given you is one that is common and accepted in academic writing. However, if your research is advanced, then you may need to include more information. This information could be the number of the chapters, the book’s edition(s), among others. You can then consult the MLA Guide Book to help you or ask your lecturer for further information.
Mla dissertation cite: write out the author and title of the source.
Start by writing out the surname of the author(s), followed by a comma and then the author'(s) first name. If there is no author’s look b V name, you can skip that part. Next, write the title of the source in full and in italics. For example:
“Sheepbottom, Elle. MLA Citing a Thesis.”
Some sources usually refer to other sources in their work. If you use these other sources and not the original source, then you have to specify this after writing the original title. However, the original title will be in quotes while the other will be in italics.
For example, ‘Sheepbottom, Elle. “MLA Citing a Thesis” MLA Citation Dissertation.’
For example, ‘Sheepbottom, Elle. “MLA Citing a Thesis” MLA Citation Dissertation. Vol. 5, no. 3. 14 June 2021 DOI: http://citeadissertationmla.com
Now, you learned how to cite a thesis paper MLA. This article has answered any possible questions about MLA format dissertation. Knowing how MLA format thesis works will help in your future research writing. Make sure to follow the rules carefully and your papers will be always successful.
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Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook .
The MLA Handbook does not provide guidelines for formatting a thesis or dissertation—or for preparing the parts of such a project, like a preface, dedication, or acknowledgments page—because most schools maintain their own formatting requirements. Although the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing , out of print since 2016, summarized some of these requirements, it did so only in a very general way.
Writers of theses and dissertations should follow any guidelines their schools provide. If a school does not provide such guidelines, a successfully defended dissertation in the writer’s department might provide an example to follow.
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universalSourceForm.overwrites.thesis.intro.text,universalSourceForm.defaults.intro.text
Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.
Create a spot-on reference in mla 8 and 9, basic rules.
MLA Style allows referencing different types of works such as dissertations, master’s theses, etc. following the same template. The information required for creating such a reference includes the name of the author, work title, name of the university or other educational institution, year of publication, and type of work (PhD dissertation, master’s thesis, and so on).
In addition, for a dissertation or thesis accessed by means of a database, the title of the database should be given. For publications accessed online, the URL address and the date of access should be provided.
Reference template:
Last Name , First Name Middle Name . Work Title . Year . University , work type . Database , URL . Accessed date of access .
Examples of references in works cited:
Baker, Rachael Dawn. The Use of Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide Chimeras to Disrupt Cellular Function in Human Cancer Cell Lines and Observations upon Human DNA Mismatch Repair . 2007. University of Wolverhampton, PhD dissertation.
Sanghoon, Kim. Nonlinear Active Metamaterial Surfaces . 2017. University of California, PhD dissertation. eScholarship , escholarship.org/uc/item/4p6652hn . Accessed 11 Aug. 2020.
Peterson, Jessica M. Funny in a Man's World: Women Comedians' Use of Political Satire at the White House Correspondents' Dinner . 2017. University of South Dakota, master's thesis. Open PRAIRIE , www.openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2174&context=etd . Accessed 10 June 2020.
Format rules for mla 8th edition.
Please refer to the following guides for more information:
Students and homework are synonymous in learning institutions today. Any high school or college student is no stranger to the different writing styles used when writing thesis and dissertations . However, you shouldn’t worry if you’re unfamiliar with these writing styles, as you’ll learn about them during your academic career. However, one format stands out among the various writing styles for being relatively easier to follow and implement. This article will discuss this commonly used MLA format and answer the question on how to cite a thesis paper MLA, “where does the thesis go in MLA format?” and, more so, the MLA format for thesis papers. Let’s begin.
Who uses mla thesis formatting, how do you write a title page in thesis mla format, does a thesis mla format contain a summary, is mla dissertation citation complicated, does mla thesis format simplify your project, why use mla thesis citation, why your examiner wants a good mla citation thesis, advantages of using mla cite dissertation, we can help you cite a thesis mla.
Many students search “how to cite thesis MLA” or ” how to cite dissertation MLA” on the internet but don’t know what those three letters stand for. The letter MLA stands for Modern Language Association , an organization of language or literature scholars. This organization is responsible for publishing various journals in the Ph.D. format.
Perhaps this organization is mainly known for the general writing guidelines that its publication editors came up with. It all started when some literature scholars acknowledged the need of having a standard format for papers. They then came up with this format and asked their students to present their thesis statements in MLA format.
The thesis MLA format, MLA cite thesis, or citing a dissertation MLA may be a common writing style; however, it’s commonly used in the liberal arts and humanities. Here are the disciplines in which writers use the thesis MLA format example in their writing:
Another advantage of citing dissertation MLA is the simplicity of making a title page. Unlike in other formats where the requirements for a title page are complicated, you only need your name, course name, instructor’s name, and the date. Remember to use the Times New Roman font with a measurement of 12 and double-space your work when using an MLA dissertation cite.
When using an MLA citation thesis or citing a thesis using this format, a summary is not necessary for other writing styles. Writing a summary is a task that many students find challenging or tedious as it is meant to be a stand-alone paper from your original assignment. However, when citing a dissertation MLA, the summary is not required, thus saving the student time and energy spent working on another paper.
Citing a thesis MLA or an MLA citation dissertation is easy to cite and reference your sources. MLA is simpler than other writing styles, such as the Harvard or Chicago style, where you must use complicated methods of citing and referencing your sources. Additionally, the reader can follow through with your ideas and identify your sources easily without turning pages or following certain numbers.
It’s also simpler to write your bibliography or works cited when using the MLA format as its only requirement is that the sources need to be in Alphabetical order.
This format aims to make students’ work clear and easy to follow by creating a framework for standardized methods of citations. An MLA thesis format example also creates a framework for putting down your bibliography with the help of a cite master at the end of the essay. This format also makes it easier to follow a paper through well-known cues. These cues help with easy referencing outsourced information.
When learning how to cite a master’s thesis MLA or how to cite a thesis in MLA, it’s important to learn why the format is the most common style for students online. Here are some of the reasons why you should use the MLA format thesis in your dissertation:
The simple MLA rules have morphed into the guidelines used by all students worldwide in their MLA thesis statements. Examiners want you to follow the right MLA format for your thesis paper because:
As previously mentioned, the MLA citation thesis format is students’ most common writing style. There are several benefits of using the MLA thesis style that make students type “how to cite a thesis MLA” or “how to cite a dissertation MLA” on their browsers.
Here are some of the advantages of how to cite a thesis using MLA format:
Do you need help citing a dissertation MLA or any other academic service, including writing a thesis statement in MLA format? If so, look no further, as we have a team full of experts ready to help you out with your thesis or dissertation. You can get in touch with us any day of the week for an MLA thesis example or the answer to “do you include Ph.D. in MLA citation?”
In your quest to learn how to format a thesis, how to cite a thesis, or how to cite a thesis, remember that MLA format is best suited for those who have never used writing styles before. You can always refer to us and we will help you with your Ph.D. formatting using the MLA format for help.
All you need to know about citations
To cite a PhD thesis in a reference entry in MLA style 9th edition include the following elements:
Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a PhD thesis in MLA style 9th edition:
Author(s) name . Thesis title . Year of publication . University , Degree .
Take a look at our works cited examples that demonstrate the MLA style guidelines in action:
A PhD thesis with one author
Confait, Marina Fatima . Maximising the contributions of PHD graduates to national development: the case of the Seychelles . 2018 . Edith Cowan U , PhD thesis .
Bowkett, David . Investigating the ligandability of plant homeodomains . 2015 . Oxford U , PhD thesis .
This citation style guide is based on the MLA Handbook (9 th edition).
Automatic citations in seconds
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Generate accurate citations in MLA format automatically, with MyBib!
An MLA citation generator is a software tool designed to automatically create academic citations in the Modern Language Association (MLA) citation format. The generator will take information such as document titles, author, and URLs as in input, and output fully formatted citations that can be inserted into the Works Cited page of an MLA-compliant academic paper.
The citations on a Works Cited page show the external sources that were used to write the main body of the academic paper, either directly as references and quotes, or indirectly as ideas.
MLA style is most often used by middle school and high school students in preparation for transition to college and further education. Ironically, MLA style is not actually used all that often beyond middle and high school, with APA (American Psychological Association) style being the favored style at colleges across the country.
It is also important at this level to learn why it's critical to cite sources, not just how to cite them.
Writing citations manually is time consuming and error prone. Automating this process with a citation generator is easy, straightforward, and gives accurate results. It's also easier to keep citations organized and in the correct order.
The Works Cited page contributes to the overall grade of a paper, so it is important to produce accurately formatted citations that follow the guidelines in the official MLA Handbook .
It's super easy to create MLA style citations with our MLA Citation Generator. Scroll back up to the generator at the top of the page and select the type of source you're citing. Books, journal articles, and webpages are all examples of the types of sources our generator can cite automatically. Then either search for the source, or enter the details manually in the citation form.
The generator will produce a formatted MLA citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall Works Cited page (which can be downloaded fully later!).
MyBib supports the following for MLA style:
⚙️ Styles | MLA 8 & MLA 9 |
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📚 Sources | Websites, books, journals, newspapers |
🔎 Autocite | Yes |
📥 Download to | Microsoft Word, Google Docs |
Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.
Let’s master the MLA annotated bibliography format. Learn how to craft an annotated bibliography, a crucial skill in many academic studies.
Knowing MLA annotated bibliography format is essential for researchers, students, and scholars alike. It serves not only to catalog sources used in a project but also to provide concise summaries and evaluations that offer insights into the relevance and quality of each source. Adhering to specific MLA style guidelines ensures consistency and clarity in formatting. This guide will navigate through the essential elements of crafting an MLA annotated bibliography format, helping you effectively organize and present your research sources.
An annotated bibliography is a structured list of sources used in research projects or academic papers, each accompanied by a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph, known as the annotation. Unlike a standard bibliography that merely lists sources, an annotated bibliography provides a summary and critical assessment of each source’s content, relevance, and quality.
An annotated bibliography is a detailed list of sources used in research or academia, each accompanied by a brief summary and evaluation of its content and relevance. Unlike a standard bibliography that simply lists references, an annotated bibliography provides additional information to the reader about each source’s significance and quality.
The primary purpose of an annotated bibliography is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the literature available on a particular topic. It serves several important functions:
An annotated bibliography in MLA format not only lists the sources used for research but also includes annotations that summarize, evaluate, and reflect on each source. Here are the key formatting guidelines:
Also read: A Writer’s Guide to MLA Format: How to Get It Right
Writing annotations in MLA style involves summarizing the content of each source, evaluating its credibility and relevance, and reflecting on its usefulness to your research. Here’s a detailed guide on how to write annotations in MLA style:
The examples below illustrate how to format and annotate sources in MLA style for an annotated bibliography. Each annotation provides a summary of the source’s content, an evaluation of its reliability and relevance, and a reflection on its contribution to the broader research topic. Adjustments can be made based on specific requirements or additional criteria for evaluation as needed.
Smith, John. The Art of Writing . Oxford University Press, 2019.
In this comprehensive guide to writing, Smith explores various techniques and strategies for improving writing skills. He emphasizes the importance of clarity and structure, making it an invaluable resource for aspiring writers. Smith’s practical examples and insightful advice help readers understand complex concepts in a straightforward manner. This book is particularly useful for students and professionals looking to enhance their writing proficiency across different genres and disciplines.
Brown, Sarah. “The Impact of Climate Change on Global Agriculture.” Environmental Studies Review , vol. 25, no. 2, 2020, pp. 45-60.
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How to structure your dissertation in 2024.
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Writing a dissertation is a significant milestone in your academic journey. The process can be challenging, but understanding the correct dissertation structure can make it more manageable and ensure that your work meets academic standards. In this guide, we will explore the key components of a dissertation, providing insights and tips on how to effectively structure your dissertation. Whether you're studying in the UK or elsewhere, this comprehensive guide will help you navigate the intricacies of your thesis structure.
A dissertation follows more or less a research paper structure but on a much larger scale. A well-structured dissertation should be more thorough than an essay or simple research paper and should delve deeper into your chosen topic. The standard dissertation structure generally includes the following sections:
Table of contents, list of figures and tables, introduction, literature review, methodology.
Let's delve into each section to understand its purpose and how to approach it.
The title page is the first impression of your dissertation.
- The title of your dissertation - Your name - Your institutional affiliation - The degree you are pursuing - The date of submission
Ensure the title is clear and descriptive, providing a concise summary of your research topic. It should include the following:
The abstract is a brief summary of your dissertation, typically around 150-300 words. It should highlight the research question, your methodology and key findings, plus a conclusion. Keep it concise but remember that it should be impactful: an effective abstract allows readers to quickly grasp the essence of your dissertation.
The acknowledgements section is where you thank those who have supported you throughout your research journey, including supervisors, peers, and family members. This can be both at the beginning or at the end of your dissertation, so check if your university gives you some guidance in this regard.
The table of contents lists all the sections and subsections of your dissertation along with their page numbers. This helps readers navigate through your work easily.
If your dissertation includes figures and tables, list them here with their corresponding page numbers. This is particularly useful for readers who want to reference specific data or visuals.
The introduction sets the stage for your dissertation. A strong dissertation introduction structure includes:
- Background information on the topic - The research problem or question - The objectives and significance of the study - An overview of the dissertation structure
This section should engage the reader and provide a clear roadmap for the rest of your dissertation.
The literature review examines existing research relevant to your topic, demonstrates your understanding of the field and justifying your research. In your literature review you should:
- Summarise and critically analyse previous studies - Identify gaps in the literature - Establish the context for your research
The methodology section details how you conducted your research. It should include:
- The research design (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods) - Data collection methods (e.g., surveys, interviews, experiments) - Data analysis techniques - Ethical considerations
The results section presents the findings of your research without interpretation. Use text to describe key findings, tables and figures to illustrate data and finally make sure that the presentation of your results is clear and logically organised.
The discussion section interprets the results in the context of your research question. It should:
- Explain the significance of the findings - Compare them with existing literature - Discuss potential limitations - Suggest implications for future research
Your conclusion should recap the research question and objectives, summarising your key findings. You should also discuss the significance of the study and suggest areas for future research.
The references section lists all the sources cited in your dissertation, formatted according to a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Harvard). Ensure all references are accurate and complete.
Appendices include supplementary material that is relevant to your research but not essential to the main text. This might include:
- Raw data - Questionnaires - Interview transcripts
Creating a dissertation layout template can definitely streamline the writing-up and formatting processes. Using a dissertation layout template can help ensure your work is well-organised and adheres to academic standards. Use the section above as a dissertation layout example, it’s a great place to start! Note, however, that the general structure of a dissertation should be similar globally, but there may be specific requirements for the dissertation structure in the UK. Always check your university's guidelines and ask your supervisor for specific formatting or structural requirements. In addition, don’t forget to keep in mind the following throughout your dissertation-writing process:
Structuring your dissertation effectively is crucial for presenting your research clearly and professionally. By understanding the components of a dissertation structure and following best practices, you can produce a well-organised and impactful dissertation. Use dissertation layout templates and examples to guide your formatting, and ensure consistency and clarity throughout your work. Whether you're writing a dissertation in the UK or elsewhere, these dissertation structure tips should give you a broad idea of what to include in your dissertation and will help you create a comprehensive and polished dissertation that meets academic standards.
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Citing a Thesis or Dissertation. Thesis - A document submitted to earn a degree at a university.. Dissertation - A document submitted to earn an advanced degree, such as a doctorate, at a university.. The formatting for thesis and dissertation citations is largely the same. However, you should be sure to include the type of degree after the publication year as supplemental information.
In a change from the previous edition of the MLA Handbook , we do not distinguish between published and unpublished dissertations. To cite a dissertation, include in the entry the author, title, and date of publication as core elements. As an optional element, list the institution granting the degree and a description of the work.
This guide will assist you in formatting in-text citations and a Works Cited list in the current MLA style. Skip to Main Content Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Call Box 9000 Mayagüez, PR 00681 (787) 832-4040 ext. 3810, 2151, 2155 [email protected]
To cite a master's thesis in a reference entry in MLA style 9th edition include the following elements: Author (s) name: Give the last name and name as presented in the source (e. g. Watson, John). For two authors, reverse only the first name, followed by 'and' and the second name in normal order (e. g. Watson, John, and John Watson).
This MLA Style Guide has basic examples for citations. For more complex examples, please see the MLA Handbook, 8th edition. ... Title of dissertation/thesis (italicized) 3. Date of Publication ... Description of the work (optional) 7. Database and URL if accessed through a database or repository. Sample Citation - Dissertations. Dissertations ...
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
General Rule: Author's Last-name, First-name. Title of Disstertaion.Diss. Place of Study, Year. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Works Cited List Citation: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Dissertation or Thesis.Year of Publication. Name of Academic Institution Awarding the Degree if given, Type of source (PhD dissertation or Master's thesis).
MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook (9th ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page.
Status of Publishing: MA Thesis, Use the words MA Thesis followed by a comma. If it is a project, then use the words MA project. If it is a doctoral dissertation, use the word Dissertation. Name of Institution Where Degree was Granted: The College of St. Scholastica, The full name of the college or university followed by a comma. Year of ...
To cite an undergraduate thesis in a reference entry in MLA style 9th edition include the following elements: Author (s) name: Give the last name and name as presented in the source (e. g. Watson, John). For two authors, reverse only the first name, followed by 'and' and the second name in normal order (e. g. Watson, John, and John Watson).
MLA Citation Style, 9th Edition; Thesis or Dissertation; Search this Guide Search. MLA Citation Style, 9th Edition. Home; General Guidelines Toggle Dropdown. In-Text References ; ... . 2006. U of Lethbridge, MA thesis. Example 2 - PhD Dissertation. In-Text: (Thomson 145-51) Works Cited:
That is why an MLA thesis example is an important guide for the student (Puke 62). An example will show you how to cite thesis MLA style (Sheepbottom 57)." Cite a Thesis MLA: Cross-check with Your Teacher or Supervisor. The thesis MLA format that this article has given you is one that is common and accepted in academic writing.
The MLA Handbook does not provide guidelines for formatting a thesis or dissertation—or for preparing the parts of such a project, like a preface, dedication, or acknowledgments page—because most schools maintain their own formatting requirements. Although the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, out of print since 2016 ...
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MLA Citation Generator >. Cite a Thesis. Easily cite thesis in MLA format with Citation Machine. Properly credit your sources and create accurate citations for academic or professional use. Get started now!
Basic rules. MLA Style allows referencing different types of works such as dissertations, master's theses, etc. following the same template. The information required for creating such a reference includes the name of the author, work title, name of the university or other educational institution, year of publication, and type of work (PhD dissertation, master's thesis, and so on).
MLA style guide - How to cite dissertation/thesis in your works cited Fast and free citation generator APA 6th and 7th ed. • MLA 8th ed. • Chicago 16th ed.
Another advantage of citing dissertation MLA is the simplicity of making a title page. Unlike in other formats where the requirements for a title page are complicated, you only need your name, course name, instructor's name, and the date. Remember to use the Times New Roman font with a measurement of 12 and double-space your work when using ...
To cite a PhD thesis in a reference entry in MLA style 9th edition include the following elements: Author (s) name: Give the last name and name as presented in the source (e. g. Watson, John). For two authors, reverse only the first name, followed by 'and' and the second name in normal order (e. g. Watson, John, and John Watson).
Scroll back up to the generator at the top of the page and select the type of source you're citing. Books, journal articles, and webpages are all examples of the types of sources our generator can cite automatically. Then either search for the source, or enter the details manually in the citation form. The generator will produce a formatted MLA ...
This includes discussing its relevance to your thesis or research question, as well as any biases or limitations. MLA Formatting Overview. An annotated bibliography in MLA format not only lists the sources used for research but also includes annotations that summarize, evaluate, and reflect on each source. Here are the key formatting guidelines:
The steps to writing a paper in MLA format are not difficult. Then you can move on to writing the content of your paper without worry. This step-by-step guide will give you all the MLA formatting you need to know to write your college paper or research paper. For additional assistance, consider using the Do My Paper writing service. It offers expert help in crafting academic papers, ensuring ...
The references section lists all the sources cited in your dissertation, formatted according to a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Harvard). Ensure all references are accurate and complete. Appendices . Appendices include supplementary material that is relevant to your research but not essential to the main text.