conclusion for short story essay

When You Write

How to End a Short Story: Crafting A Satisfying Conclusion

For some writers, starting a short story is usually easier than writing the ending. For others, it’s the end that falls into place quite easily.

But with fiction writing, every part of the story takes huge amounts of creativity and effort, so I wouldn’t conclude that the ending of a short story ought to be the easier part.

As a matter of fact, we―more often than not―write the ending to our short story lastly. By this time, we are probably tired, have exhausted a lot of time trying to approach the conclusion, and are likely out of ideas.

So it’s okay if you usually don’t have the littlest ideas of how to end a short story.

Don’t sweat it though, I have you covered. In this post, I have included the best and worst ways to end a short story. And… I have also added some examples of short story endings, among other tips.

Let’s get started.

The best Ways To End A Short Story

1. a cliffhanger.

A cliffhanger ending leaves the story unresolved, the end still leaves an aura of suspense, and it is said to be cliff-hanging. This plot device is used to compel the readers to anxiously wait for or, if it’s already published, rush for the story’s next installment.

A cliffhanger can end the short story with a main character facing peril, or it can end the short story with a very shocking revelation.

2. Resolved Ending

This is the “what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas” type of ending. A resolved ending packages the whole story in one read, and everything is concluded once the reader finishes reading it.

A resolved ending leaves no speculations or questions; all the plotlines and character stories are closed with the ending.

3. Twist ending

Writers can introduce an exciting surprise at the end of a short story, a set of unexpected events that catch the reader off-guard.

This type of ending can turn the narrative on its head and reveal the mirage in the story. In some stories, a twist may involve a villain turning out to be the hero (or vice versa), or a character being someone else who had disappeared in the early stages of the story.

A twist ending can either disappoint the reader or offer them relief from a tragic scene (in which a character ‘died’ but wasn’t dead). Either way, this type of ending evokes an emotional response from the reader.

4. Implied ending

An implied ending involves some sort of explicitness in the way the story is concluded or ended.

This type of ending can frustrate the reader or get them in all sorts of conversations with other readers, trying to figure out what really happened.

Authors hold back some of the details or intentionally cut out bits of logical explanations, leaving the readers some clues to piece the ending together on their own.

With no clear ending, readers usually end up with a blizzard of questions.

An ending like this works effectively for the story and author because it leaves the readers talking and thinking about the story longer than they would if the story just ended normally. This means that the author can reap some rewards because the story solicits engagement long after it has been read, and that may lead to an increase in the number of people looking at your work.

5. A Bare Ending

The writer reveals the ending at the beginning of the story. Although the reader is robbed of the suspense that comes with an unknown ending, the writer can still throw in lots of twists and turns as the story fleshes out.

A bare ending provides the writer with a clear direction of the story, and they can enjoy writing it, knowing where exactly the story is headed. Any event added to the story is intended to counterpoise anything that might have seemed to steer the story in a different direction, thereby leading it toward the known ending of the short story.

How to Write Great Closing Lines

Closing lines are important in short stories because they complement the perfectness of the delicious story you’ve just dished to the reader.

Fiction is all about creativity, and as such, there can be no rules on how to write final sentences, but there are tips that help you write good closing lines:

1. Be Poetic

Fiction doesn’t need to be overly flowery, but with the final sentence, you can unleash the poet in you and give the reader an aesthetic ending.

Don’t get carried away; maintain the simplicity. Do not stuff the ending with ineffectual decorative words that will leave the reader looking them up in a dictionary.

Simple words, if used creatively, can take on a poetic, symbolic form. It’s not a must that you end a short story poetically, so don’t try too hard. Sometimes, a poetic ending can happen by chance.

2. Use Impeccable Wording

It’s not that easy, but you have to make sure that you revise your last sentence over and over until every word in it sounds perfect, and every period, comma, or dash is in its place.

The truth of the matter is you are not a poet (well, some of you sure aren’t), and coming up with a poetic ending is a tough ask. But, you can still give your most important sentence—the closing line—some time and effort and keep housekeeping your ending until it’s just perfect.

Good Story Endings Examples

The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which Animal Farm, George Orwell.

George Orwell’s conclusion of his novel Animal Farm is one delivered on a plate of parables, and it indirectly, cleverly, and touchingly remarks on human nature.

Charles Dickens created some of the best cliffhangers of all time. He gave both the readers and his fellow writers the allure of a cliffhanger. And he did this in the early nineteenth century when cliffhangers were really a thing.

He served his novel The Old Curiosity Shop in weekly installments. The most exciting, one that kept readers waiting for weeks, was about a character called Little Nell whose death was used by the author to play with the reader’s emotions—effectively, might I add.

The Worst Ways to End a Short Story

1. abruptly introduce a resolution.

You can easily ruin things when you suddenly introduce a resolution to a seemingly impossible situation. There should be no magic wand with the way your story is resolved; it doesn’t have to be realistic, but the way it is eased into the story has to have a logical connection with the rest of the story.

2. Have a predictable End

In an earlier section, I talked about a bare ending that involves the writer disclosing the ending before the story gets there. If you start that way, the end isn’t predictable but known.

However, if you haven’t disclosed the ending, it’s not going to do you any good if the average reader can predict the way the story is going to conclude. Your readers aren’t looking for a plainly realistic ending; they want you to surprise them.

3. Take too long to end the story

I always emphasize the importance of ending a story just after the climax. The story doesn’t have to die down completely; you have to end on a thrashing wave.

If your story takes longer to end, it might bore the reader and force them to leave the story before they get to the end.

4. End a story too soon

Ending a short story should neither take long nor be rushed. A good ending concludes naturally, following a logical sequence. Most often, a writer can feel when a story nears a logical conclusion (if you end it sooner, you’ll ruin it).

Of course, we all know that a short story has a small word count—usually not enough for an extensive plotline—but you have to compress the story in a way that ends it no sooner or later than natural.

5. Kill Favorite Characters

The worst psychotic murderers that I know are writers. It’s like they get intense pleasure from killing characters. They usually do it so masterfully that they get away with it most of the time, but if they kill favorite characters at the wrong time (like at the end), they might upset readers who are emotionally invested in the story.

Killing a favorite villain is more excusable (maybe because the story has to carry a moral element) but killing the hero’s baby right at the end does the writer no favors.

6. Tie Everything Up Too Neatly

Your readers aren’t dumb (well… at least not all of them). You can’t just give the end every detail there was, let them establish some things by deduction. This way, you let them feel clever and relate to the story more.

What Are Cliff Hangers and Why Are They Important?

As I introduced it, a cliffhanger is a plot device that ends the narrative without a definitive end (unresolved) and leaves the reader with a lot of suspense.

A cliffhanger can be used to end a short story , chapter of a novel, a movie episode, a movie scene, a play, et cetera.

Usually, cliffhangers are used to keep readers or audiences engaged in the story. If the story is delivered in installments, the prequel usually ends in an exciting cliffhanger so that the audience comes back for the next installment.

Cliff-hanger endings might come in the form of the main character facing peril or a shocking, narrative-changing revelation being introduced right before the story installment concludes.

Tips for Writing Cliffhangers

There are many tips for writing cliffhangers, but here are a few of them:

• Move the resolution to the installment (quite obvious, right?).
• Introduce an event or scene that the reader didn’t anticipate.
• Employ the use of brusque sentences or phrases to cue in some perilous events/scenes.
• Use flashbacks to introduce new bits to the narrative. These bits have to help you leave the reader on tenterhooks.

Ending the ‘How to End a Short Story’ Article

Short fiction doesn’t give you a wide ground to loosen up your writing; everything is in limited supply—character arcs, plotlines, action. Therefore, every sentence should prove to be effective.

Most importantly, the finale has to be some sort of big bang; you have to try your best to give your short story a killer ending. But, I also have to tell you that you don’t have to force lest you should ruin the short story.

Always craft a natural end; neither too realistic nor overly fantastical.  

Recommended Reading...

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© 2024 When You Write

Nathaniel Tower

Juggling writing and life

How to End a Short Story – Tips for a Compelling Conclusion

Last Updated on February 5, 2023 by Nathaniel Tower

One of the hardest things about writing a short story is figuring out the right way to bring it to a close. I’ve published over 200 short stories, but I have an equal number of unfinished short story ideas because I just couldn’t figure out how to end them.

It can be especially difficult to end a short story in a satisfying way because of the brevity of the work. Unlike novels where you have a lot of time to get to the ending, the conclusion of a short story has to be achieved quickly without feeling a sense of rush. Oftentimes, it feels like we’re just getting to know the character and their situation when it’s time for the story to come to a close.

Part of being a great writer is being able to craft a great ending. The ending of a short story is often what leaves a lasting impression on the reader. A great ending can elevate a story from good to unforgettable, while a weak ending can detract from even the strongest writing. Here are some tips on how to write compelling endings that leave a lasting impact.

Understanding the Purpose of Your Ending

The purpose of an ending is not to make the story stop. Rather, it’s to accomplish something specific for your characters and your readers. Before you can write a great ending, it’s important to understand the purpose of your story’s conclusion. Are you trying to provide resolution to your characters’ conflicts, offer a twist that changes the reader’s perception, or create a sense of open-endedness that encourages reflection? Each of these purposes can lead to different types of endings. Understanding the purpose of your ending will help guide your writing and ensure that your conclusion is effective.

Choosing the Right Type of Ending

Ultimately, you as the writer can end your short story however you want. That said, there are several types of endings that writers can choose from. Here are a few of the most common (note: I’m intentionally choosing very well-known stories to illustrate the common types of endings in order to make this piece as relatable as possible and so as not to give away endings of stories you probably haven’t read before):

• Resolution: In this type of ending, the protagonist resolves the conflict or problem that has been driving the story. This type of ending can provide a sense of closure and satisfaction to the reader.

Example: In “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry, the protagonist and her husband sacrifice their most valuable possessions to buy each other Christmas gifts, only to find that the gifts they purchased are now worthless. The resolution of the story is the realization that the love they have for each other is priceless, and the conclusion provides a satisfying resolution to the story’s central conflict.

• Twist: This type of ending changes the reader’s perception of the story in a surprising way. A twist ending can leave the reader feeling shocked, satisfied, or frustrated, depending on how well it is executed.

Example: In “The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe, the narrator lures his victim into a wine cellar and walls him up alive. The twist ending comes when the reader realizes that the narrator is recounting the events of the story from within the wine cellar, suggesting that he is the one who has been trapped.

• Open-ended: This type of ending leaves the resolution of the story’s conflict unresolved. This type of ending can be effective in creating a sense of ambiguity or encouraging the reader to reflect on the story’s themes.

Example: In “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemingway, the two characters argue over whether or not to have an abortion, but the story ends with them ordering drinks and avoiding the subject. The open-ended ending leaves the resolution of the story’s conflict unresolved, encouraging the reader to reflect on the larger issues at play in the story.

Crafting a Compelling Ending

Once you have chosen the type of ending you want to write, it’s time to craft the conclusion itself. Here are a few tips to help you write an ending that leaves a lasting impact:

• Build tension: If you’re writing a resolution or twist ending, building tension in the final paragraphs can help heighten the impact of the conclusion.
• Keep it concise: Avoid introducing new information or characters in the final paragraphs of your story. Stick to the themes and conflicts that have been established throughout the story, and let your conclusion flow naturally from the events that have come before.
• End on an image or line of dialogue: A memorable image or line of dialogue can leave a lasting impression on the reader. Consider ending your story on a line of dialogue or an evocative image that encapsulates the story’s themes or provides a memorable conclusion to the narrative.
• Create resonance: The best endings resonate with the reader long after they’ve finished the story. This can be achieved by echoing themes or motifs from earlier in the story, or by leaving a lasting impression on the reader through a memorable image or line of dialogue.

It’s okay if you don’t nail the ending on your first attempt. Good writers often draft several versions of the ending before they find the right way to wrap up their story.

If you are really struggling with your ending, ask a beta reader to help you get to the right conclusion.

Avoiding Bad Endings

While it’s possible to write great endings, it’s just as easy to write endings that detract from the story as a whole. Here are a few common mistakes to avoid when writing your ending:

• Providing a lackluster resolution: A weak or unsatisfying resolution can leave the reader feeling let down, regardless of how well the rest of the story was written.
• Being too predictable: If the ending of your story is too predictable, it may fail to leave a lasting impression on the reader. Consider using a twist ending or open-ended conclusion to keep the reader guessing until the end.
• Introducing new information: Avoid introducing new information or characters in the final paragraphs of your story. Stick to the themes and conflicts that have been established throughout the story, and let your conclusion flow naturally from the events that have come before.

One of the most common ways I see amateur short story authors attempt to end their story is with death . While there are certainly many great stories that end with death, it’s very difficult to pull it off effectively without frustrating the reader.

Examples of Great Endings in Short Stories

Here are a few examples of short stories with endings that leave a lasting impact (again, I’m using common examples, but this section obviously contains spoilers if you haven’t read these stories before):

• “A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner: The story ends with the discovery of Emily’s dead body and the revelation that she had been keeping her lover’s corpse in her bedroom for years. The image of Emily’s dead body, combined with the line “For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin,” leaves a lasting impression on the reader and encapsulates the themes of the story.
• “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson: The story ends with the reveal that the lottery’s winner will be stoned to death. The sudden, shocking conclusion underscores the themes of conformity and the dangers of blindly following tradition.
• “The Hitchhiker” by Roald Dahl: The story ends with the protagonist realizing that the hitchhiker he picked up was actually the ghost of a dead man. The twist ending leaves the reader feeling stunned and reinforces the themes of mortality and the unknown.
• “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The story ends with the main character’s descent into madness, as she becomes completely consumed by her obsession with the yellow wallpaper in her room. The haunting and powerful conclusion underscores the themes of mental illness, oppression, and the consequences of denying women agency.
• “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by Joyce Carol Oates: The story ends with the main character being lured into a car by a dangerous man and never being seen again. The abrupt and frightening conclusion underscores the themes of innocence lost and the dangers that young women face in the world.

Not Every Ending Is Perfect

Sometimes an ending can create a lot of mixed emotion in readers. For example, the “Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar Allan Poe has a strong and memorable ending, which can be seen as both good and bad depending on perspective.

From a narrative perspective, the ending is fitting with the story’s themes of revenge and the macabre, and it leaves a lasting impression on the reader. However, from a reader’s perspective, the abrupt and unsatisfying conclusion, with the main character bricked up alive in a wine cellar, can be seen as unsatisfying and leaves the reader with more questions than answers.

So, while the conclusion of “The Cask of Amontillado” can be seen as both strong and memorable, it also has the potential to leave the reader feeling unsatisfied, and it is therefore a good example of the importance of crafting an ending that both fits the story and leaves the reader feeling satisfied.

Final Thoughts on Good Endings

While you don’t want to end your short too quickly, you also don’t want to let the ending drag out too long. Speaking of which, it’s probably time to wrap up this post before I lose my reader.

Crafting a great ending to a short story requires understanding the purpose of your conclusion, choosing the right type of ending, and writing a conclusion that leaves a lasting impact. By avoiding common mistakes and taking the time to craft a compelling ending, you can write stories that leave a lasting impression on your readers.

What are your secrets for creating great endings to your short stories? What are some of your favorite endings? Share your thoughts in the comments. And don’t forget to share this post on all your favorite channels. 

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2 thoughts on “ How to End a Short Story – Tips for a Compelling Conclusion ”

I have 9 unfinished short stories and one completed short story. After reading this post I see that in the story I completed, I used a part of dialogue and narration that I used at the beginning of the story. I think it made for a good ending even though I had no idea it was going to end that way. That’s my challenge: I never know what my characters are going to do to close the story. I just keep writing until the story is told.

Thank you for reading and commenting! It’s very common for a writer not to know how the story is going to end until the ending happens. We often need to let the characters go on their journey and tell us how it’s going to end. Forcing an ending often leads to an unsatisfying conclusion for the reader and the characters.

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Short Story Analysis Essay

Short story analysis essay generator.

Almost everyone has read a couple of short stories from the time they were kids up until today. Although, depending on how old you are, you analyze the stories you read differently. As a kid, you often point out who is the good guy and the bad guy. You even express your complaints if you do not like the ending. Now, in high school or maybe in college, you pretty much do the same, but you need to incorporate your critical thinking skills and follow appropriate formatting. That said, to present the results of your literature review, compose a short story analysis essay.

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What Is a Short Story Analysis Essay?

A short story analysis essay is a composition that aims to examine the plot and the aspects of the story. In writing this document, the writer needs to take the necessary elements of a short story into account. In addition, one purpose of writing this type of analysis essay is to identify the theme of the story. As well as try to make connections between the different aspects. 

How to Compose a Critical Short Story Analysis Essay

Having the assignment to write a short story analysis can be overwhelming. Reading the short story is easy enough. Evaluating and writing down your essay is the challenging part. A short story analysis essay follows a different format from other literature essays . That said, to help with that, here are instructive steps and helpful tips.

1. Take Down Notes

Considering that you have read the short story a couple of times, the first step you should take before writing your essay is to summarize and write down your notes. To help you with this, you can utilize flow charts to determine the arcs the twists of the short story. Include the parts and segments that affected you the most, as well as the ones that hold significance for the whole story. 

2. Compose Your Thesis Statement

Before composing your thesis statement for the introductory paragraph of your essay, first, you need to identify the thematic statement of the story. This sentence should present the underlying message of the entire literature. It is where the story revolves around. After that, you can use it as a basis and proceed with composing your thesis statement. It should provide the readers an overview of the content of your analysis paper.

3. Analyze the Concepts

One of the essential segments of your paper is, of course, the analysis part. In the body of your essay, you should present arguments that discuss the concepts that you were able to identify. To support your point, you should provide evidence and quote sentences from the story. If you present strong supporting sentences, it will make your composition more effective. To help with the organization and the structure, you can utilize an analysis paper outline .

4. Craft Your Conclusion

The last part of the process is to craft a conclusion for your essay . Aside from restating the crucial points and the thesis statement, there is another factor that you should consider for the ending paragraph. That said, you should also present your understanding regarding why the author wrote the story that way. In addition, you can also wrap it up by expressing how the story made you feel.

How to run an in-depth analysis of a short story?

In analyzing a short story, you should individually examine the elements of a short story. That said, you need to study the characters, setting, tone, and plot. In addition, you should also consider evaluating the author’s point of view, writing style, and story-telling method. Also, it involves studying how the story affects you personally.

Why is it necessary to compose analysis essays?

Composing analysis essays tests how well a person understands a reading material. It is a good alternative for reading comprehension worksheets . Another advantage of devising this paper is it encourages people to look at a story from different angles and perspectives. In addition to this, it lets the students enhance their article writing potential.

What is critical writing?

Conducting a critical analysis requires an individual to examine the details and facts in the literature closely. It involves breaking down ideas as well as linking them to develop a point or argument. Despite that, the prime purpose of a critical essay is to give a literary criticism of the things the author did well and the things they did poorly.

People enjoy reading short stories. It is for the reason that aside from being brief, they also present meaningful messages and themes. In addition to that, it also brings you to a memorable ride with its entertaining conflicts and plot twists. That said, as a sign of respect to the well-crafted literature, you should present your thoughts about it by generating a well-founded short story analysis essay. 

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Short Story Analysis Essay on the theme of courage in

Short Story Analysis Essay on symbolism in

So much is at stake in writing a conclusion. This is, after all, your last chance to persuade your readers to your point of view, to impress yourself upon them as a writer and thinker. And the impression you create in your conclusion will shape the impression that stays with your readers after they've finished the essay.

The end of an essay should therefore convey a sense of completeness and closure as well as a sense of the lingering possibilities of the topic, its larger meaning, its implications: the final paragraph should close the discussion without closing it off.

To establish a sense of closure, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude by linking the last paragraph to the first, perhaps by reiterating a word or phrase you used at the beginning.
• Conclude with a sentence composed mainly of one-syllable words. Simple language can help create an effect of understated drama.
• Conclude with a sentence that's compound or parallel in structure; such sentences can establish a sense of balance or order that may feel just right at the end of a complex discussion.

To close the discussion without closing it off, you might do one or more of the following:

• Conclude with a quotation from or reference to a primary or secondary source, one that amplifies your main point or puts it in a different perspective. A quotation from, say, the novel or poem you're writing about can add texture and specificity to your discussion; a critic or scholar can help confirm or complicate your final point. For example, you might conclude an essay on the idea of home in James Joyce's short story collection,  Dubliners , with information about Joyce's own complex feelings towards Dublin, his home. Or you might end with a biographer's statement about Joyce's attitude toward Dublin, which could illuminate his characters' responses to the city. Just be cautious, especially about using secondary material: make sure that you get the last word.
• Conclude by setting your discussion into a different, perhaps larger, context. For example, you might end an essay on nineteenth-century muckraking journalism by linking it to a current news magazine program like  60 Minutes .
• Conclude by redefining one of the key terms of your argument. For example, an essay on Marx's treatment of the conflict between wage labor and capital might begin with Marx's claim that the "capitalist economy is . . . a gigantic enterprise of dehumanization "; the essay might end by suggesting that Marxist analysis is itself dehumanizing because it construes everything in economic -- rather than moral or ethical-- terms.
• Conclude by considering the implications of your argument (or analysis or discussion). What does your argument imply, or involve, or suggest? For example, an essay on the novel  Ambiguous Adventure , by the Senegalese writer Cheikh Hamidou Kane, might open with the idea that the protagonist's development suggests Kane's belief in the need to integrate Western materialism and Sufi spirituality in modern Senegal. The conclusion might make the new but related point that the novel on the whole suggests that such an integration is (or isn't) possible.

Finally, some advice on how not to end an essay:

• Don't simply summarize your essay. A brief summary of your argument may be useful, especially if your essay is long--more than ten pages or so. But shorter essays tend not to require a restatement of your main ideas.
• Avoid phrases like "in conclusion," "to conclude," "in summary," and "to sum up." These phrases can be useful--even welcome--in oral presentations. But readers can see, by the tell-tale compression of the pages, when an essay is about to end. You'll irritate your audience if you belabor the obvious.
• Resist the urge to apologize. If you've immersed yourself in your subject, you now know a good deal more about it than you can possibly include in a five- or ten- or 20-page essay. As a result, by the time you've finished writing, you may be having some doubts about what you've produced. (And if you haven't immersed yourself in your subject, you may be feeling even more doubtful about your essay as you approach the conclusion.) Repress those doubts. Don't undercut your authority by saying things like, "this is just one approach to the subject; there may be other, better approaches. . ."

Copyright 1998, Pat Bellanca, for the Writing Center at Harvard University

How to End a Story: Techniques for a Satisfying Conclusion

By: Author Paul Jenkins

Posted on May 29, 2024

Categories Storytelling , Writing

Ending a story can be just as challenging as starting one.

Many writers often wonder how to craft an ending that leaves a lasting impression on their readers.

The key to an impactful story ending is to ensure it stays true to the characters and themes established throughout the narrative.

Whether it’s a happy ending, a cliffhanger, or something more ambiguous, the conclusion should provide a sense of closure or provoke thought.

Different genres might lean towards particular types of endings.

For example, mystery novels often wrap up with a resolution that ties up all the loose ends, while literary fiction might opt for more open-ended conclusions.

The choice of ending can greatly affect how readers feel about the entire story, making it essential to choose carefully.

Exploring various ways to finish a story can offer valuable insights and inspire creativity.

Writers should focus on the emotional journey of their readers when crafting the final chapters.

It’s important to reflect on the themes addressed and ensure the ending feels earned.

Some authors also find it helpful to experiment with different endings before settling on the one that best serves their story.

Key Takeaways

• The ending of a story should reflect its themes and characters.
• Different genres may benefit from specific types of endings.
• An impactful ending often resonates emotionally with readers.

Understanding Story Endings

The way a story ends can deeply impact the reader. Different types of endings serve unique purposes, tying up plotlines and enhancing the story’s themes and character arcs.

Types of Story Endings

Story endings can vary widely. Some common types include:

• Resolved Endings : These offer clear conclusions, answering all major questions. Detectives solve the case, or lovers reunite.
• Unresolved Endings : These leave some questions unanswered. This can encourage readers to think deeply about the story’s themes.
• Ambiguous Endings : Similar to unresolved endings, ambiguous endings leave room for interpretation. Readers decide what happens next.
• Bittersweet Endings : These endings mix happy and sad elements. For example, a character may achieve a goal but at a great personal cost.
• Expanded Endings : Also known as epilogues, they show events that happen after the main story ends, providing further closure.

Character Arcs and Endings

Character arcs play a crucial role in shaping how a story ends.

Characters often start with specific traits or beliefs, and their journeys change them:

• Positive Arcs : Characters grow or improve, overcoming flaws.
• Negative Arcs : Characters fail to improve or become worse. Tragic endings are common here.
• Flat Arcs : The character remains largely the same, but their views and traits influence others.

For instance, in “ The Great Gatsby ,” Gatsby’s arc ends tragically, reinforcing themes of lost dreams and wealth’s hollowness. Understanding character arcs helps writers craft endings that feel earned and meaningful.

Thematic Resonance in Endings

For a story to resonate, the ending should echo the themes presented throughout. This consistency helps reinforce the story’s message:

• Foreshadowing : Including hints or symbols that align with the ending can make it feel more satisfying.
• Symbolism : Using symbols that reflect the story’s themes can add depth. For example, in “The Great Gatsby,” the green light symbolizes Gatsby’s unattainable dreams.

Incorporating thematic elements into the ending ensures that the story’s main ideas leave a lasting impression.

An ending that aligns with the story’s themes can elevate the narrative, leaving readers with something to ponder.

Crafting the Final Chapters

The final chapters are crucial. They build up to the climax and then bring the story to a satisfying closure.

Building Toward the Climax

The lead-up to the climax should heighten tension and conflict.

It’s essential to tie up any loose ends and ensure the stakes are clear.

Characters should face their most challenging obstacles, reflecting the overall theme and character development.

Creating an effective climax often involves a plot twist that resolves the central conflict in an unexpected way.

This twist should feel earned and believable, not forced.

Readers should see that the twist stems from previous hints scattered throughout the story. It keeps them engaged and excited about how the story will finally unfold.

Achieving Closure

After the climax, the story shifts to achieving closure.

This involves resolving subplots and answering remaining questions.

It’s important to show how characters have changed and what their futures might hold.

To provide a satisfying ending, consider an epilogue .

This can show the long-term effects of the story’s events. For example, an expanded ending hints at future outcomes for the characters, giving readers a sense of completion.

The key is to balance tying up loose ends and leaving some elements to the reader’s imagination. This approach ensures that the story feels complete, yet lingers in the reader’s mind.

Types of Endings Explored

Endings play a crucial role in shaping the reader’s experience. They can provide closure, leave lingering questions, or completely surprise the audience.

Happy Endings

A happy ending resolves the story in a positive and satisfying way.

Characters achieve their goals, conflicts are resolved, and the reader is left feeling content.

These endings are common in genres like romance and children’s literature. For instance, many fairy tales conclude with the phrase “happily ever after,” ensuring that the protagonist’s journey ends on a high note.

Resolved Endings

A resolved ending ties up all loose ends, providing a clear resolution to the story’s plot.

Every conflict is addressed, and the story reaches a definitive conclusion.

This type of ending is often used in mystery novels where revealing the culprit answers all questions. Resolved endings offer closure and leave no room for doubt.

Unresolved Endings

Unresolved endings leave some plot points hanging, making the reader think about what might happen next.

These endings can be frustrating but also thought-provoking. They invite readers to imagine possible outcomes.

An unresolved ending can be seen in series books, where the story continues in the next installment, keeping the audience eager for more.

Ambiguous Endings

Ambiguous endings are designed to leave certain aspects of the story open to interpretation.

Unlike unresolved endings, which are simply incomplete, ambiguous endings offer multiple meanings.

A famous example is the ending of “Inception,” where it’s unclear if the protagonist is still in a dream. This type of ending sparks debate and deeper analysis among readers.

Twist Endings

A twist ending introduces an unexpected turn of events , surprising the reader.

This kind of ending recontextualizes the plot and characters in a way the audience did not foresee.

Twist endings are common in thrillers and mysteries.

They rely on cleverly planted clues throughout the narrative that make the twist both shocking and believable in hindsight.

Expanded Endings

Expanded endings, or epilogues, provide a glimpse into the future of the characters and the world of the story.

They serve to wrap up any remaining questions and sometimes hint at what lies ahead.

A well-known example is the epilogue in “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,” which shows the characters years after the main events. Expanded endings offer additional closure and satisfaction.

Writing Effective Conclusions

Effective conclusions bring closure to the story, tie up loose ends, incorporate epilogues when needed, and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Tying Up Loose Ends

To achieve a satisfying conclusion, it is essential to address any unresolved plot points.

Characters and events should all connect logically, and any unanswered questions should be resolved.

This brings closure and helps the reader feel that the story is complete.

For instance, if a subplot involves a character searching for a lost item, ensure that this item is found or its loss is explained. This attention to detail satisfies the reader’s curiosity and brings a sense of completeness to the story.

Incorporating Epilogues

An epilogue is a useful tool for providing additional closure and insight into the story’s world after the main events have concluded. It can hint at the future of the characters and the setting, offering a glimpse into their lives beyond the main narrative.

This approach is beneficial for readers who are deeply invested in the characters and want to know more about their fates. For example, many novels use epilogues to show the long-term outcomes of the protagonists’ struggles, helping to solidify the story’s impact.

Ensuring a Lasting Impression

A memorable ending should resonate with the reader long after they have finished the book.

This can be achieved through powerful imagery, thought-provoking themes, or emotional closure. The final lines should encapsulate the story’s essence and leave the reader with a strong, enduring feeling.

Whether it’s a poignant quote, a surprising twist, or a moment of profound realization, the key is to leave the reader with something to ponder. For example, a twist ending can reframe the entire story, encouraging the reader to think back on previous events with a new perspective.

Challenges in Ending a Story

Ending a story involves wrapping up plotlines and delivering a purposeful and satisfying conclusion.

Among the key challenges are addressing plot holes, avoiding misleading clues, and balancing plot twists.

Dealing with Plot Holes

One of the biggest challenges in ending a story is dealing with plot holes.

Plot holes are gaps in the story that don’t align with the established narrative. They can confuse readers and weaken the story’s structure.

It’s essential to identify and close these gaps. This can be done by revisiting the story and looking for inconsistencies.

Authors should ask themselves if every event logically leads to the conclusion. If anything is left unexplained or contradictory, this can detach the reader from the story.

To fix plot holes, writers can add brief explanations or tweak earlier parts of the narrative.

Sometimes a small addition or change can connect the dots seamlessly. Ensuring that the storyline is coherent and all questions are answered by the end is crucial.

Avoiding Red Herrings

Avoiding red herrings is another challenge.

A red herring is a clue or piece of information meant to mislead or distract the reader. While red herrings can create suspense, using them poorly can frustrate readers.

Too many false leads can make the story seem deceptive or confusing. The key is to use red herrings sparingly and ensure they serve a purpose.

Each false clue should contribute to the story and eventually align with the main plot.

Putting thought into the placement and resolution of red herrings is key. They should make the actual conclusion more satisfying, not less. Authors must balance the use of red herrings to maintain reader trust and interest.

Balancing Plot Twists

Balancing plot twists is critical.

A plot twist can invigorate a story, providing a surprise that challenges the reader’s expectations. Yet, it’s a challenge to implement them effectively.

A good plot twist should be unexpected but still plausible within the story. It should add depth and not feel forced or out of place. The twist must also resolve itself in a way that ties up loose ends.

Timing is essential. Unveiling a twist too early or too late can lessen its impact.

Placing the twist where it naturally fits within the story’s pace ensures it feels organic and enhances the overall narrative.

Careful planning and understanding the story’s flow are necessary to balance plot twists effectively.

Genre-Specific Considerations

Different genres often require unique approaches to story endings. Understanding these nuances ensures the ending resonates with the audience and fits genre expectations.

Romance Novels

In romance novels, a satisfying conclusion is crucial.

Readers typically expect a happy ending or at least a happy for now (HFN) resolution.

Happy Ending (HEA) : The couple ends up together, having overcome obstacles. This is a staple of the genre, delivering what many romance readers seek.

Happy for Now (HFN) : The characters are together and happy, but the future is left slightly open-ended. This can be a good fit for series or less traditional romances.

Including a reunion or declaration of love scene often adds emotional depth. Such elements ensure readers feel the journey was worthwhile.

Mystery Novels

Mystery novels demand an ending that resolves the core questions posed by the plot.

Unveiling the Culprit : The identity of the person behind the crime is crucial. Clear explanations for their motives and methods should be presented.

Tying Up Loose Ends : Any subplots or red herrings introduced earlier in the story should be logically concluded. This provides closure and prevents plot holes.

An ambiguous ending can be effective if done well, but it must still offer enough clues for readers to piece together a plausible theory. This approach ensures they remain engaged and feel rewarded for their attention to detail.

Beyond the Ending

When a story ends, it’s crucial to consider what happens afterward. This involves analyzing feedback and figuring out how the ending can naturally lead to sequels.

Study and Feedback

Writers should study reader reactions and feedback. Understanding what worked and what didn’t can highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the ending.

Tools like reader surveys and social media comments can be helpful.

Author George Orwell, for example, received extensive feedback on his works, which helped him refine his storytelling techniques.

Characters’ development can be analyzed through reviews, revealing if their journeys resonated with the audience.

If a character’s ending felt abrupt, the feedback can suggest ways to improve. Detailed notes from beta readers also play a crucial role in shaping the final version of a story.

Natural Progression to Sequels

A great ending establishes a potential path for sequels without leaving the story incomplete.

It should hint at future conflicts or unresolved issues that can be expanded.

Consider how iconic series like Harry Potter or The Hunger Games wrap up each book while setting the stage for the next.

Often, introducing a new challenge or deepening existing character conflicts achieves this.

Authors should think about what new beginnings the end might introduce, ensuring that each sequel builds upon the last.

This progression keeps the narrative engaging and coherent across multiple books.

Reviewing successful examples and planning character arcs thoughtfully ensures that sequels feel like a natural extension rather than an afterthought.

Ending a story effectively is crucial. There are several common techniques that writers can use.

Types of Endings:

**1. Expanded Ending : Also known as an epilogue. This reveals future developments or the fate of characters. For instance, in The Book Thief , Death narrates what happens next.

**2. Ambiguous Ending : Leaves some questions unanswered, making readers ponder. It’s not fully resolved but allows for interpretation.

**3. Cliffhanger : Keeps the reader in suspense. This is often used to set up sequels or further installments.

**4. Reflection : A reflective ending where the main character reflects on the events. In The Great Gatsby , Nick considers the corruption and emptiness of the wealthy elite.

Each of these endings has its own impact.

Tips for Crafting a Satisfying Conclusion:

• Stay True to Your Theme : Ensure your ending aligns with the story’s main message or theme.
• Character Growth : Reflect on how your characters have evolved throughout the story.
• Wrap Up Loose Ends : Address any subplots or minor conflicts.
• Emotional Resonance : Aim for an ending that evokes an emotional response from the reader.

Choosing the right ending can make your story memorable and impactful.

Ensuring it connects with the readers, whether through clarity, emotional depth, or suspense, is key.

Different stories call for different types of conclusions, and understanding this can significantly enhance the narrative.

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Need editing and proofreading services, how to write a conclusion for an essay (examples included).

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Condensing a 1,000-plus-word essay into a neat little bundle may seem like a Herculean task. You must summarize all your findings and justify their importance within a single paragraph. 

But, when you discover the formula for writing a conclusion paragraph, things get much simpler! 

But, how to write a conclusion paragraph for an essay, and more importantly, how to make it impactful enough? Through this article, we will walk you through the process of constructing a powerful conclusion that leaves a lingering impression on readers’ minds. We will also acquaint you with essay conclusion examples for different types of essays. 

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Let’s start from the beginning: How can you write a conclusion for an essay?

How to write a conclusion for an essay

In order to write an effective conclusion, you must first understand what is a conclusion in an essay. It is not just the summary of the main points of your essay. A well-written conclusion effectively ties together the main ideas of your essay and also pays heed to their broader implications. The objectives of your concluding paragraph are as follows:

• Highlight the significance of your essay topic
• Tie together the key points of your essay
• Leave the reader with something to ponder about

A good essay conclusion begins with a modified thesis statement that is altered on the basis of the information stated throughout the essay. It then ties together all the main points of the essay and ends with a clincher that highlights the broader implications of your thesis statement. 

Now that we’ve understood the basics of how to conclude an essay, let’s understand the key aspects of a good conclusion paragraph. 

1. Restating your thesis statement

If you want to understand how to start a conclusion, you must realize that involves more than just restating the thesis statement word for word. Your thesis statement needs to be updated and expanded upon as per the information provided in your essay. 

There are many ways to start a conclusion. One such method could be to start with the revised version of your thesis statement that hints to the significance of your argument. After this, your conclusion paragraph can organically move on to your arguments in the essay. 

Let’s take a look at an effective way of writing a conclusion for an essay:

If the following claim is your thesis statement:

Virtual reality (VR) is undeniably altering the perception of reality by revolutionizing various industries, reshaping human experiences, and challenging traditional notions of what is real.

The restated thesis statement will be as follows: 

Our analysis has substantiated the claim that virtual reality (VR) is significantly transforming the way we perceive reality. It has revolutionized industries, reshaped human experiences, and challenged traditional notions of reality.

2. Tying together the main points

Tying together all the main points of your essay does not mean simply summarizing them in an arbitrary manner. The key is to link each of your main essay points in a coherent structure. One point should follow the other in a logical format.

The goal is to establish how each of these points connects to the message of your essay as a whole. You can also take the help of powerful quotes or impactful reviews to shed a unique light on your essay. 

Let’s take a look at an example:

VR presents a new paradigm where the distinction between the real and the virtual becomes increasingly blurred. As users dive into immersive virtual worlds, they are confronted with questions about the nature of reality, perception, and the boundaries of human consciousness. 

3. Constructing an impactful conclusion

Most of us are confused about how to end an essay with a bang. The answer is quite simple! The final line of your essay should be impactful enough to create a lasting impression on the reader. More importantly, it should also highlight the significance of your essay topic. This could mean the broader implications of your topic, either in your field of study or in general.

Optionally, you could also try to end your essay on an optimistic note that motivates or encourages the reader. If your essay is about eradicating a problem in society, highlight the positive effects achieved by the eradication of that problem. 

Here’s an example of how to end an essay:

In a world where virtual boundaries dissolve, VR is the catalyst that reshapes our perception of reality, forever altering the landscape of the human experience.

Here’s a combined version of all three aspects:

Our analysis has substantiated the claim that Virtual Reality (VR) is significantly transforming how we perceive reality. It has revolutionized industries, reshaped human experiences, and challenged traditional notions of reality. It presents a new paradigm where the distinction between the real and the virtual becomes increasingly blurred. As users dive into immersive virtual worlds, they are confronted with questions about the nature of reality, perception, and the boundaries of human consciousness. In a world where virtual boundaries dissolve, it is the catalyst that reshapes our perception of reality, forever altering the landscape of the human experience.

Now that we’ve understood the structure of a concluding paragraph, let’s look at what to avoid while writing a conclusion. 

What to avoid in your conclusion paragraph

When learning how to write a conclusion for an essay, you must also know what to avoid. You want to strengthen your argument with the help of a compelling conclusion paragraph, and not undermine it by confusing the reader. 

Let’s take a look at a few strategies to avoid in your essay conclusion:

1. Avoid including new evidence

The conclusion should not introduce new information but rather strengthen the arguments that are already made. If you come across any unique piece of information regarding your essay topic, accommodate it into your body paragraphs rather than stuffing it into your conclusion.

Including new, contradictory information in the concluding paragraph not only confuses the reader but also weakens your argument. You may include a powerful quote that strengthens the message of your essay, or an example that sheds light on the importance of your argument. However, this does not include introducing a completely new argument or making a unique point.

2. Avoid the use of concluding phrases

Your conclusion should hint towards your essay coming to an end, instead of blatantly stating the obvious. Blatant concluding statements undermine the quality of your essay, making it clumsy and amateurish. They also significantly diminish the quality of your arguments. 

It is a good idea to avoid the following statements while concluding your essay:

• In conclusion,
• In summary,

While using these statements may not be incorrect per se, hinting towards a conclusion creates a better impression on the reader rather than blatantly stating it. 

Here are more effective statements you could use:

• Let this essay serve as a catalyst for…
• As we navigate the intricacies of this multifaceted topic, remember…
• As I bid farewell to this subject…

3. Don’t undermine your argument

Although there might be several points of view regarding your essay topic, it is crucial that you stick to your own. You may have stated and refuted other points of view in your body paragraphs. 

However, your conclusion is simply meant to strengthen your main argument. Mentioning other points of view in your essay conclusion, not only weakens your argument but also creates a poor impression of your essay.

Here are a few phrases you should avoid in your essay conclusion:

• There are several methods to approach this topic.
• There are plenty of good points for both sides of the argument.
• There is no clear solution to this problem.

Examples of essay conclusions

Different types of essays make use of different forms of conclusions. The critical question of “how to start a conclusion paragraph” has many different answers. To help you further, we’ve provided a few good conclusions for essays that are based on the four main essay types.

1. Narrative essay conclusion

The following essay conclusion example elaborates on the narrator’s unique experience with homeschooling.

• Restated thesis statement
• Body paragraph summary
• Closing statement

My experience with homeschooling has been a journey that has shaped me in profound ways. Through the challenges and triumphs, I have come to appreciate the unique advantages and personal growth that homeschooling can offer. As I reflect on my journey, I am reminded of the transformative power of this alternative education approach. It has empowered me to take ownership of my education, nurture my passions, and develop skills that extend far beyond the confines of academic achievement. Whether in traditional classrooms or homeschooling environments, it is through embracing and nurturing the unique potential within each of us that we can truly thrive and make a lasting impact on the world.

2. Descriptive essay conclusion

The following essay conclusion example elaborates on the narrator’s bond with their cat.

The enchanting presence that my cat has cannot be ignored, captivating my heart with her grace, charm, and unconditional love. Through the moments of playfulness, companionship, and affection, she has become an irreplaceable member of my family. As I continue to cherish the memories and lessons learned from her, I am reminded of the extraordinary power of the human-animal bond. In their company, we find solace, companionship, and a love that transcends words. In a world that can be challenging and tumultuous, never underestimate the profound impact that animals can have on our lives. In their presence, not only do we find love but also a profound sense of connection.

3. Argumentative essay conclusion

Here’s an essay conclusion example that elaborates on the marginalization of, and acute intolerance towards, LGBTQ+ individuals. 

The journey toward equality for LGBTQ+ individuals is an ongoing battle that demands our unwavering commitment to justice and inclusion. It is evident that while progress has been made, the journey toward equality for these individuals is far from complete. It demands our continued advocacy, activism, and support for legislative change, societal acceptance, and the creation of inclusive environments. The struggle for LGBTQ+ equality is a fight for the very essence of human dignity and the recognition of our shared humanity. It is a battle that requires our collective efforts, determination, and an unyielding belief in the fundamental principles of equality and justice.

4. Expository essay conclusion

This example of an essay conclusion revolves around a psychological phenomenon named the bandwagon effect and examines its potential ill effects on society:

The bandwagon effect in psychology is a fascinating phenomenon that sheds light on the powerful influence of social conformity on individual behavior and decision-making processes. This effect serves as a reminder of the inherently social nature of human beings and the power of social influence in shaping our thoughts, attitudes, and actions. It underscores the importance of critical thinking, individual autonomy, and the ability to resist the pressure of conformity. By understanding its mechanisms and implications, we can guard against its potential pitfalls and actively foster independent thought and decision-making, also contributing to a more enlightened and progressive society.

Now that you’ve taken a closer look at different conclusions for essays, it’s time to put this knowledge to good use. If you need to take your essay up a notch and score high, professional essay editing services are your best bet.

Happy writing!

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Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

• Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
• Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
• Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
• Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
• Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

• The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
• The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
• The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
• The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay - Tips and Examples

The conclusion of your essay is like the grand finale of a fireworks display. It's the last impression you leave on your reader, the moment that ties everything together and leaves them with a lasting impact. 

But for many writers, crafting a conclusion can feel like an afterthought, a hurdle to jump after the excitement of developing the main body of their work. Fear not! This article will equip you with the tools and techniques regarding how to write a conclusion for an essay that effectively summarizes your main points, strengthens your argument, and leaves your reader feeling satisfied and engaged.

What Is a Conclusion

In an essay, the conclusion acts as your final curtain call. It's where you revisit your initial claim (thesis), condense your main supporting arguments, and leave the reader with a lasting takeaway. 

Imagine it as the bridge that connects your ideas to a broader significance. A well-crafted conclusion does more than simply summarize; it elevates your points and offers a sense of closure, ensuring the reader leaves with a clear understanding of your argument's impact. In the next section, you will find conclusion ideas that you could use for your essay.

Please note that our online paper writing service can provide you not only with a stand-alone conclusion but with a fully new composition as well!

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Types of Conclusion

Here's a breakdown of various conclusion types, each serving a distinct purpose:

How Long Should a Conclusion Be

The ideal length of a conclusion depends on the overall length of your essay, but there are some general guidelines:

• Shorter Essays (500-750 words): Aim for 3-5 sentences. This ensures you effectively wrap up your points without adding unnecessary content.
• Medium Essays (750-1200 words): Here, you can expand to 5-8 sentences. This provides more space to elaborate on your concluding thought or call to action.
• Longer Essays (1200+ words): For these, you can have a conclusion of 8-10 sentences. This allows for a more comprehensive summary or a more nuanced exploration of the future implications or broader significance of your topic.

Here are some additional factors to consider:

• The complexity of your argument: If your essay explores a multifaceted topic, your conclusion might need to be slightly longer to address all the points adequately.
• Type of conclusion: A call to action or a hypothetical scenario might require a few extra sentences for elaboration compared to a simple summary.

Remember: The most important aspect is ensuring your conclusion effectively summarizes your main points, leaves a lasting impression, and doesn't feel rushed or tacked on.

Here's a helpful rule of thumb:

• Keep it proportional: Your conclusion should be roughly 5-10% of your total essay length.

How many sentences should a conclusion be?

Conclusion Transition Words

Transition words for conclusion act like signposts for your reader. They smoothly guide them from the main body of your essay to your closing thoughts, ensuring a clear and logical flow of ideas. Here are some transition words specifically suited for concluding your essay:

Remember, the best transition word will depend on the specific type of conclusion you're aiming for.

How to Write a Conclusion

Every essay or dissertation writer knows that the toughest part of working on a conclusion can be striking the right balance. You want to effectively summarize your main points without redundancy, leaving a lasting impression that feels fresh and impactful, all within a concise and focused section. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you write a stunning essay conclusion:

Restate Your Thesis

Briefly remind your reader of your essay's central claim. This doesn't have to be a word-for-word repetition but a concise restatement that refreshes their memory.

Summarize Key Points

In a few sentences, revisit the main arguments you used to support your thesis. When writing a conclusion, don't get bogged down in details, but offer a high-level overview that reinforces your essay's focus.

Leave a Lasting Impression

This is where your knowledge of how to write a good conclusion can shine! Consider a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a connection to a broader truth—something that lingers in the reader's mind and resonates beyond the final sentence.

Avoid Introducing New Information

The conclusion paragraph shouldn't introduce entirely new ideas. Stick to wrapping up your existing arguments and leaving a final thought.

Ensure Flow and Readability

Transition smoothly from the main body of your essay to the conclusion. Use transition words like "in conclusion," "finally," or "as a result," and ensure your closing sentences feel natural and well-connected to the rest of your work.

Note that you can simply buy essay at any time and focus on other more important assignments or just enjoy your free time.

Conclusion Paragraph Outline

Here's an outline to help you better understand how to write a conclusion paragraph:

• Tailor the length of your conclusion to your essay's overall length (shorter essays: 3-5 sentences, longer essays: 8-10 sentences).
• Ensure a smooth transition from the main body using transition words.
• Avoid introducing new information; focus on wrapping up your existing points.
• Proofread for clarity and ensure your conclusion ties everything together and delivers a final impactful statement.

Read more: Persuasive essay outline . 

Do’s and Don’ts of Essay Conclusion Writing

According to professional term paper writers , a strong conclusion is essential for leaving a lasting impression on your reader. Here's a list of action items you should and shouldn’t do when writing an essay conclusion:

Conclusion Examples

A strong conclusion isn't just an afterthought – it's the capstone of your essay. Here are five examples of conclusion paragraphs for essays showcasing different techniques to craft a powerful closing to make your essay stand out.

1. Call to Action: (Essay About the Importance of Recycling)

In conclusion, the environmental impact of our waste is undeniable. We all have a responsibility to adopt sustainable practices. We can collectively make a significant difference by incorporating simple changes like recycling into our daily routines. Join the movement – choose to reuse, reduce, and recycle.

2. Provocative Question: (Essay Exploring the Potential Consequences of Artificial Intelligence)

As artificial intelligence rapidly evolves, it's crucial to consider its impact on humanity. While AI holds immense potential for progress, will it remain a tool for good, or will it eventually surpass human control? This question demands our collective attention, as the decisions we make today will shape the future of AI and its impact on our world.

3. Universal Insight: (Essay Analyzing a Historical Event)

The study of history offers valuable lessons that transcend time. The events of the [insert historical event] remind us that even small acts of defiance can have a ripple effect, inspiring change and ultimately leading to a brighter future. Every voice has the power to make a difference, and courage can be contagious.

4. Future Implications: (Essay Discussing the Rise of Social Media)

Social media's explosive growth has transformed how we connect and consume information. While these platforms offer undeniable benefits, their long-term effects on social interaction, mental health, and political discourse require careful consideration. As social media continues to evolve, we must remain vigilant and ensure it remains a tool for positive connection and not a source of division.

5. Hypothetical Scenario: (Essay Arguing for the Importance of Space Exploration)

Imagine a world where our understanding of the universe is limited to Earth. We miss out on the potential for groundbreaking discoveries in physics, medicine, and our place in the cosmos. By continuing to venture beyond our planet, we push the boundaries of human knowledge and inspire future generations to reach for the stars.

Recommended for reading: Nursing essay examples .

Difference Between Good and Weak Conclusions

Not all conclusions are created equal. A weak ending can leave your reader feeling stranded, unsure of where your essay has taken them. Conversely, writing a conclusion that is strong acts as a landing pad, summarizing your key points and leaving a lasting impression.

Nailed that essay? Don't blow it with a lame ending! A good conclusion is like the mic drop at the end of a rap song. It reminds the reader of your main points but in a cool new way. Throw in a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a connection to something bigger, and you'll leave them thinking long after they turn the page.

Need Help with Your Essays?

Our service is the best assistant the money can buy – original and reliable. 

How To Write A Conclusion For An Essay?

How to write a good conclusion, how to write a conclusion for a college essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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• Essay Conclusions | UMGC. (n.d.). University of Maryland Global Campus. https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-center/writing-resources/writing/essay-conclusions
• How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay | BestColleges. (n.d.). BestColleges.com. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/how-to-write-a-conclusion/
• Ending the Essay: Conclusions | Harvard College Writing Center. (n.d.). https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions

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5 No-Fail Ways to Write a Great Conclusion

• by Susan Johnston
• April 25, 2020

Learn how to conclude your article, essay, story or poem. These five tips for writing strong conclusions are from freelance writer Susan Johnston.

“There are no dull subjects,” said H.L. Mencken. “There are only dull writers.” Are you a dull writer? Re-read Stephen King’s On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft . One of his writing tips that “good books don’t give up all their secrets at once.” The best books wait until the end – the conclusion – before telling the biggest best secret of all. You can’t deny that King is the King of conclusions – and he knows firsthand that dull writing makes for dull reading.

To jazz up your writing and write powerful words that grab attention , learn from freelance writer and prolific author Susan Johnston. Keep these tips handy, because you’ll need to keep referring to them!

First, a piece of reading and writing advice from Stephen King:

“There are books full of great writing that don’t have very good stories. Read sometimes for the story… don’t be like the book-snobs who won’t do that. Read sometimes for the words – the language. Don’t be like the play-it-safers who won’t do that. But when you find a book that has both a good story and good words, treasure that book.”

5 Tips for Writing a Good Conclusion

Many writers (including me) find it agonizingly hard to write strong endings because there’s so much at stake. We want to leave readers with a poignant, thought-provoking conclusion, but we also don’t want it to read too trite or corny.

1. Use a strong image or quote

There are tons of articles that use quotes or imagery as their conclusion. If you’re using a quote, make sure it’s a good one. In addition to relaying information, it should impart humor and/or wisdom and also be broad enough to sum up the rest of the article. Writing a great conclusion can be as simple as using a quip!

2. Conclude your article or essay with humor

In this humorous essay by a stay-at-home Dad, the author contrasts his own perspective with that of a father who works in an office. It’s a humorous way to write a great conclusion, and it keeps the essay from sounding too depressed or self-pitying about the author getting laid off. Humor is hard, so if it doesn’t come naturally to you, don’t force it. To write a great conclusion, consider using #1 instead.

3. Refer back to the introduction

This creates a nice sense of completeness and unity. For instance, in an article about staying in touch while living abroad, the author mentions Oreos at the beginning, then mention the Oreos again at the very end. Rounding back to the beginning is a great way to write a conclusion.

4. Edit out your last few sentences (the best tip for writing conclusions)

Many writers tend to over-write their conclusions, so often you’ll find that once you take a stab at it, you can go back and delete several sentences without losing any of the meaning. It will feel like you’ve come to a natural conclusion instead of easing your way into an endpoint.

5. If you’re really stuck, let your conclusion marinate

To write a great conclusion, step away from the computer and do something else. You’ll come up with a good ending when you’re on the treadmill or at the grocery store or some other place when you’re not expecting it. That way your conclusion will come to you organically instead of forcing it out. That’s how I found an ending to an essay about me and my brother.

Of course, many blog posts end with a series of questions designed to open up a conversation.

What do you think – what’s your best tip for writing a great conclusion? If you still can’t figure out how to write a conclusion, read  10 Short Story Endings to Avoid .

Susan Johnston is a Boston-based freelance writer and blogger who has covered business and lifestyle topics for The Boston Globe, The Christian Science Monitor, DailyCandy.com, Yahoo! HotJobs, and many other publications. Want to know more? check out The Urban Muse or follow her on Twitter .

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9 thoughts on “5 No-Fail Ways to Write a Great Conclusion”

I let my conclusion marinate in some Italian dressing for 24 hours and no words ended up on the paper. PLZZZZZ HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!

I love it! It’s really helpful, your article gave us ideas on how to finally finish our group project… Thanks!?????

Thanks for your comment, Jeff….I think many writers would benefit from that fourth tip for writing great conclusions! .-= Laurie Pawlik-Kienlen´s last blog post ..Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causes, Symptoms, and Tips for Writers and Bloggers =-.

number 4 is one I need to work on! great tips though, cheers! .-= jeff awesome´s last blog post ..Remember The Burj? Why Not Jump Off It! =-.

Susan, writing that “how to write introductions” post was so much fun — I think it was one of my best blog posts ever! Learned alot just by writing it.

George, good point: yup, these tips for writing great conclusions could work for short stories, too. And poems, school essays, personal essays, screenplays….some literary techniques are effective in most genres, I think.

Thanks for dropping in 🙂

Laurie .-= Laurie PK´s last blog post ..Writing Quips and Tips From Truman Capote =-.

@George: Wait’ll you see Laurie’s post later this week! She’s tackling the flip side of this topic (writing beginnings). .-= Susan Johnston´s last blog post ..Mark Your Calendars: Meet the Muse! =-.

Interesting. As I read this post it occurred to me that it could be a great set of tips for *beginning* a story. A lot of the same principles apply I think.

George .-= Tumblemoose´s last blog post ..AgentQuery Site Review =-.

My favorite way to end an article is #3, referring back to the introduction. I love reading articles where writers have done this — it’s just such a tidy way to wrap it up!

Ending book chapters is a little different, though. You want to leave loose ends dangling, so readers are compelled to dive into the next chapter.

Thanks for this, Susan! .-= Laurie PK´s last blog post ..6 Ways to Avoid Major Student Loan Debt for College Students =-.

Thanks for the tips (and for using my living abroad article as one of the examples–I’m flattered). .-= Chantal´s last blog post ..Eight Ways to Save Money in Switzerland =-.

Short Story Analysis: How to Write It Step by Step [New]

Have you ever tried to write a story analysis but ended up being completely confused and lost? Well, the task might be challenging if you don’t know the essential rules for literary analysis creation.

But don’t get frustrated! We know how to write a short story analysis, and we are willing to share some tips with you.

Below you will find some tips that will help you:

• to analyze the story while reading;
• to put the findings in words;
• to edit and polish your work.

Our team listed the essential guide for writing an analysis of a short story. Check it out to nail your paper!

• 👣 How to Analyze a Story
• ✒️ Methods of Story Analysis
• ✍️ Analysis Format
• 📜 Proofreading Tips
• 📝 Analysis Example

👣 How to Analyze a Short Story Step by Step

Have you ever felt confused analyzing short stories for your school or college assignment? Not this time! We have prepared for you a step-by-step guide on how to analyze a short piece of writing quickly and effectively.

Step 1: Read Smart

The key to smart reading is to be critical. Criticism can be positive or negative. In your short story analysis, you need to have confidence in your own views of the work, regardless of the author’s reputation or whatever anyone else thinks.

The bottom line with literary criticism is that there are no right or wrong answers. As long as you back everything up with evidence, you can still attain a top grade if you take the opposite view to the author, your teacher, or the best student in your class.

But your reading needs to be methodical.

Step 2: Analyze & Find Examples

After you read the short story, you need to summarize it in your own words in no more than two sentences. This way, you will ensure that you’ve grasped its main idea.

Next, read the story one more time, paying attention to its literary elements, such as allusion, figurative language, plot, symbolism , etc. Analyze how they help the author convey the intended message. In addition, find relevant examples, quotes, or important passages that you can cite in your essay afterward.

Step 3: Create an Outline

Outlining is a crucial aspect of essay writing. It will help you understand how you can link all the facts to support the thesis statement and the paper’s arguments. Your short story analysis outline should look the following way:

• Introduction of the work (the author and title)
• A short summary of the story
• Thesis statement
• Topic sentence
• Example from the text
• Analysis of the example
• Restated thesis
• Summary of main points
• Concluding statement

If you need help outlining your short story analysis, try our free essay outline generator .

Step 4: Write Your Short Story Analysis

Now, it’s time to start drafting your essay. Here’s how to do it:

• At the beginning of your short story analysis, indicate the work’s title and the author’s name. Next, provide background information that may be helpful for understanding the story. End your introduction with an analytical thesis statement , clearly stating your evaluation of the text.
• Then, create body paragraphs based on your outline, including topic sentences and supporting examples.
• In the concluding paragraph , restate your thesis statement and highlight the important points you have made throughout the essay, giving the reader a feeling of closure.

Step 5: Revise and Proofread

Last but not least, proofread your short story analysis. It will help you to avoid grammatical mistakes, spelling errors, and typos.

If you have questions regarding your essay’s format or topic, it is always a good idea to ask for help from your teacher or classmate. Their experience and insights can help you adjust your analysis and improve its overall quality.

✒️ How to Analyze a Short Story: 6 Methods

When analyzing a short story, it is essential to examine all its main elements. In the following sections, we will discuss how to analyze the plot, characters, setting, themes, point of view, and style in detail.

Analyzing the Plot

For the first sitting, focus on the sequence of events that takes place throughout the story.

An analysis of a short story’s plot is easy because, unlike novels, which can contain multiple plotlines, short stories usually have only one.

To make the process even easier, here are some questions that you can ask yourself as you read:

• Does the plot hold your interest from beginning to end?
• What are the most important events, and why?
• Is plotline realistic?
• Are there any parts of the plotline that seem irrelevant to the main story?
• Does the plot deal with external conflict, internal conflict, or both?
• What is the moral of the story?

Next, you can look at the way the author portrays the characters in the story.

Short stories will not have many characters and often center around one main character, known as the protagonist.

Analyzing Characterization

Wondering how to analyze characters in a short story? The best way is to ask these questions:

• Who is the protagonist?
• How effectively does the author describe the characters’ actions, appearance, and thoughts?
• What are your feelings towards the characters?
• Does the way the characters speak give you any information about their personality?
• Do the characters change throughout the story?
• If the story contains minor characters, are they necessary and effective?

Alongside plot and characters, there is a third element that is a crucial part of any story:

Analyzing the Setting

Short stories are usually set in a single location and period, but some do have more than one.

These questions will help you master the setting :

• How does the author describe the location of the events?
• Does the story take place in the past, the present, or the future (or all three)?
• What are the broader circumstances surrounding the story’s setting?
• Does the setting play an essential role in the story?
• Do the place and time in which the author lived and worked affect the location and period in which the story is set?
• Has the author successfully given you a feeling of really being in the story’s setting?

Your next read-through might require some creative thinking and detective work as you consider the ideas, messages, or lessons behind the story.

Analyzing Themes

Analyzing a theme is your chance to stand out. While some themes are apparent and intended by the author, it is also possible to find more obscure ones. Even the author may not have been aware of them.

Answer these questions, and you’ve nailed the theme:

• What is the central theme? Are there any others?
• How is the theme conveyed?
• If the author is using the story to deliver a particular message, are you convinced by it?
• What does the theme reveal about the author?

Now you’re confident you understand the author’s message and can explore it in your short story analysis. Not so fast! You need to think about who is telling the story.

Analyzing the Point of View

Analyzing the point of view will give a more in-depth insight into all of the previous aspects you have dealt with. So ask yourself:

• Who is narrating the story?
• Does the author use a consistent point of view?
• Is the narrator telling the truth?
• Does the author have the same mindset as the narrator?
• Would the story be different if it were narrated from another point of view?

Finally, you need to look at the way the author uses language to tell the story.

Analyzing the Style

Ask the following questions when analyzing style :

• What is the author’s tone? Humorous? Serious? Sarcastic? Sentimental?
• Does the author use any unusual words or phrases? What effect do they have?
• Is there anything in the story – an object, for example – that has any special meaning?
• Does the author’s use of literary devices affect your enjoyment of the story in any way?
• What would the story be like if the author used a different style?

By now, you should be familiar with analyzing a short story and have enough great ideas to produce an A+ essay . Look again at the set question, and decide on the main direction you want your literary criticism essay to take.

Because now it’s time to wipe the dust off that keyboard:

✍️ Short Story Analysis Format

To get how to write a short story analysis step by step, you have to keep in mind the two golden rules:

• Your essay must be focused on the set question.
• Your opinions are only valid if you can support them with evidence.

Divide your work into three sections:

• Introduction (about 10% of the total word count)
• Main body (about 80% of the total word count)
• Conclusion (about 10% of the total word count)

Start with an Introduction

Your introduction should consist of one or two paragraphs that outline your statement of intent. You do not need to provide any evidence to back up your assertions at this stage – save that for the main body.

Here are the ingredients for a perfect introduction:

• An engaging opening line that captures the reader’s interest.
• The title of the short story and the name of the author.
• A brief outline of the main points and arguments that you intend to make.

Provide Arguments

Any story analysis has to list your points with proof. The main body is used to set out your case in detail and provide evidence to support it. Each paragraph should deal with a different point and follow a logical order that develops your overall argument.

Your main body is ready for the beach when it has:

• A persuasive and articulate argument.
• Evidence and quotes from the short story and external references, where appropriate, to support your case.
• Acknowledgment of any competing arguments to provide balance.
• Clear and concise language, with no repetition or irrelevant material.
• A clear focus on the set question.

Finish with a Bang

A conclusion ties everything together and briefly sums up your response to the set question. Like the introduction, it should be only one paragraph long and should not contain any new arguments, information, or evidence. If you can’t get rid of excessive fullf in your text, we’d suggest trying to use a paragraph shortener .

To finish your essay with a bang, you will need:

• A summary of the ideas that you have presented in the main body.
• Acknowledgment of any issues that need to be considered in the future.
• A powerful closing statement that encapsulates your overall position.

Once you have finished writing your literary analysis essay, the best thing you can do is take a break. When you return to review what you have done, it will be with a refreshed mind.

You’ve had fun criticizing the author. Now it’s time to look in the mirror:

📜 Short Story Analysis: Proofreading Tips

As usual, good things come in threes. Break your review down into these stages:

• Content editing
• Copy-editing
• Proofreading

For the first of these, you need to look at your essay as a whole and consider:

• Does your essay deal exclusively with the set question?
• Does your introduction accurately preview the content of the main body?
• Does each paragraph in the main body follow a logical order?
• Does your essay contain any repetition, inaccuracy, or irrelevant material?
• Does your conclusion successfully sum up your argument?
• Are your references accurate and appropriate?
• Will your reader find your essay to be enjoyable, easy to understand, and persuasive?

Once you are happy with your essay’s content, you can review it in more detail to deal with the text’s accuracy and consistency.

Reading carefully, line by line, ask yourself:

• Is your language as clear and concise as possible?
• Are your grammar and spelling correct?
• Have you presented acronyms, abbreviations, capitalization correctly and consistently?
• Are your quotations and references in the correct format?
• Are there any other formatting issues with your document?

Take another break, then review your essay one last time . Use your spellchecker, then print off a copy and read slowly and carefully, line by line. Hopefully, there won’t be too many errors by this stage but think of this process as a final polish to make your work really shine.

📝 Short Story Analysis Example

We have prepared an analysis example of the short story “The Last Leaf” by O. Henry. You can use it to find inspiration and see how everything works in practice.

In O. Henry’s “The Last Leaf,” a sick artist named Johnsy sees hope fading with each falling leaf outside her window. She is convinced that she will die when the last leaf falls. But two things stand against her despair: Behrman, an old, seemingly failed artist, and Sue, Johnsy’s loyal friend. This story shows how the actions of Johnsy’s companions become her lifelines, proving that art and friendship can blossom even in the direst circumstances. 

Behrman’s sacrifice is one of the key themes in the story. O. Henry devotes much of his story to describing Behrman, a loser who drinks too much gin and lives a mostly wasted life. He appears to have no family and has not produced any notable work despite identifying himself as an artist: “Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress’s robe.” Despite Behrman’s never being successful in his craft, the realistic painting of a leaf he created before his death saved Johnsy’s life. 

Friendship is another important motif in the story. Sue and Johnsy are more than just good friends; they are like sisters. Sue’s care and support have also played a key role in helping Johnsy recover. When Johnsy asks Sue to leave, Sue says, “I’d rather be here by you.” And she is actually there for Johnsy, caring for her in the worst moments of her life. 

“The Last Leaf” reminds us that even when darkness creeps in, the power of art and friendship can bring light. Through Behrman’s final masterpiece and Sue’s unwavering support, Johnsy finds her way back from the brink. This simple story leaves readers with a powerful message: even in the darkest times, hope can be a driving force that can save a human life.

📚 Short Story Analysis Topics

• Analysis of Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily . 
• Discuss the clues that suggest the unreliability of the narrator in E. A. Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher .
• Describe the stylistic devices James Joyce uses in his short story Araby .
• Irony and double denouement in O. Henry’s The Gift of the Magi .
• Analysis of A&P by John Updike .
• Interpret Raymond Carver’s message in his story What We Talk About When We Talk About Love .
• Examine the theme of the short story The Yellow Wall-Paper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman .
• Analyze the rhetoric means used in Edith Wharton’s The Other Two .
• Literature analysis of Shirley Jackson’s short story The Lottery .
• The impact of gender and racial stereotypes in Sweat by Hurston.
• Discuss August Wilson’s presentation of conflicts in the short story Fences.
• Symbolism in Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants .
• Describe the rhetoric techniques Nathaniel Hawthorne uses in his short story The Birth-Mark .
• The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne analysis. 
• Analyze the social issues presented in Toni Bambara’s The Lesson .
• Explore the central theme of the story Alien by Riley Brett .
• Social problems of women and role of racial differences in Kate Chopin’s Desiree’s Baby .
• Discuss the central ethical dilemma presented by Sarah Hall in Theatre 6 .
• Analysis of A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by Ernest Hemingway. 
• Examine the techniques Edwidge Danticat uses to paint a picture of life in Haiti in A Wall of Fire Rising .
• Discuss the core idea of The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien.
• Literary devices in The Dinner Party short story by Mona Gardner .
• Analyze the author’s message in Lore Segal’s The Arbus Factor .
• Interpret the meaning of symbols in Rip Van Winkle by W. Irving .
• The meaning of setting in The Boarder by Isaac Bashevis Singer .
• Describe the different layers of meaning presented in Joyce Carol Oates’ Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
• Analyze the tone of the story The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allan Poe .
• Allegory in The Devil and Tom Walker short story by Washington Irving .
• Analyze the main female character of the short story A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor.
• Discuss the rhetoric used by Guy de Maupassant in The Necklace .
• Examine the symbols in Mr. Green by Olen Butler.
• Explore the main theme of James Joyce’s The Dead .
• Interpret the meaning of the dolls in a short story Barbie-Q by Sandra Cisneros
• Symbolism in A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell .
• Analyze the core idea of Jack London’s To Build a Fire .
• The conflict between the expectations and reality in Jamel Brinkley’s A Family .
• Examine the message E. Hemingway includes in his short story The Killer .
• Discuss the stylistic means used by Anton Chekhov in Sleepy .
• Describe the ideas O. Henry uses to present the moral lesson in The Last Leaf .
• Analysis of The Outcasts of Poker Flat by Bret Harte .
• Psychologism and mystique in W. W. Jacob’s The Monkey’s Paw .
• Analyze the symbols in the story A Worn Path by Eudora Welty .
• Describe how William Faulkner presents a theme of revenge in Barn Burning .
• Interpret creativity Kate Chopin’s The Storm .
• Discuss the techniques E. A. Poe uses to create the suspense in the short story Cask of the Amontillado .
• Cathedral by Raymond Carver analysis .
• The issues of stereotypes and isolation in Margaret Atwood’s Lusus Naturae .
• Magic realism in The Secret Miracle by Jorge Luis Borges .
• Interpret the meaning of symbols used by Flannery O’Connor in Good Country People .
• Technology development and its effect on human in Ray Bradbury’s The Veldt .

So, now you know how to analyze a short story step by step. A flawless piece of work will be a pleasure for your reader to behold! Share the page with others who may find it useful. And thanks for reading it!

Learn more on this topic:

• How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay Step by Step
• How to Write an Analysis Essay: Rules for a Good Analysis
• Case Study Analysis Example + How-to Guide
• Literary Analysis Essay Topics Ideas
• How to Write a Film Analysis Essay
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• How to write a narrative essay | Example & tips

How to Write a Narrative Essay | Example & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A narrative essay tells a story. In most cases, this is a story about a personal experience you had. This type of essay , along with the descriptive essay , allows you to get personal and creative, unlike most academic writing .

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Table of contents

What is a narrative essay for, choosing a topic, interactive example of a narrative essay, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about narrative essays.

When assigned a narrative essay, you might find yourself wondering: Why does my teacher want to hear this story? Topics for narrative essays can range from the important to the trivial. Usually the point is not so much the story itself, but the way you tell it.

A narrative essay is a way of testing your ability to tell a story in a clear and interesting way. You’re expected to think about where your story begins and ends, and how to convey it with eye-catching language and a satisfying pace.

These skills are quite different from those needed for formal academic writing. For instance, in a narrative essay the use of the first person (“I”) is encouraged, as is the use of figurative language, dialogue, and suspense.

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Narrative essay assignments vary widely in the amount of direction you’re given about your topic. You may be assigned quite a specific topic or choice of topics to work with.

• Write a story about your first day of school.
• Write a story about your favorite holiday destination.

You may also be given prompts that leave you a much wider choice of topic.

• Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself.
• Write about an achievement you are proud of. What did you accomplish, and how?

In these cases, you might have to think harder to decide what story you want to tell. The best kind of story for a narrative essay is one you can use to talk about a particular theme or lesson, or that takes a surprising turn somewhere along the way.

For example, a trip where everything went according to plan makes for a less interesting story than one where something unexpected happened that you then had to respond to. Choose an experience that might surprise the reader or teach them something.

Narrative essays in college applications

When applying for college , you might be asked to write a narrative essay that expresses something about your personal qualities.

For example, this application prompt from Common App requires you to respond with a narrative essay.

In this context, choose a story that is not only interesting but also expresses the qualities the prompt is looking for—here, resilience and the ability to learn from failure—and frame the story in a way that emphasizes these qualities.

An example of a short narrative essay, responding to the prompt “Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself,” is shown below.

Hover over different parts of the text to see how the structure works.

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.

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If you’re not given much guidance on what your narrative essay should be about, consider the context and scope of the assignment. What kind of story is relevant, interesting, and possible to tell within the word count?

The best kind of story for a narrative essay is one you can use to reflect on a particular theme or lesson, or that takes a surprising turn somewhere along the way.

Don’t worry too much if your topic seems unoriginal. The point of a narrative essay is how you tell the story and the point you make with it, not the subject of the story itself.

Narrative essays are usually assigned as writing exercises at high school or in university composition classes. They may also form part of a university application.

When you are prompted to tell a story about your own life or experiences, a narrative essay is usually the right response.

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

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In Summary: 10 Examples of Essay Conclusions

The conclusion of an essay may be the toughest section to write. Think about it; you're really tired at this point. It's probably the night before your paper is due and you just want to be done . So, the temptation is there to simply rush through it, and hope that your teacher is exhausted once she gets to your paper and doesn't bother to read it fully.

But the conclusion is probably the most important part of the paper. It ties everything together up nicely in the end. Not writing a good conclusion would be like if we never found out if Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy got together or if we never knew what that monster was in the Upside Down in "Stranger Things." Though not every ending has to be 100% conclusive (in fact, most endings never are— think the movie Inception ), it does have to have a well-thought out conclusion.

So, how do you write a good conclusion? What are the key components of a solid conclusion? What does a thorough and effective conclusion look like?

Read on for more information about our conclusion on conclusions.

What are the key components of a good conclusion?

Remember that thesis statement which you wrote in the first or second paragraph of your essay? You know, the one where you stated a claim about something? You argued something about a topic and you used the body paragraphs to prove your thesis statement through all of the research that you've performed.

Now that you've fully explained the research and the support for your thesis statement throughout the body of the paper, it's time to come back to that original idea in the conclusion. The conclusion basically asks us to do a few things:

• Restate the main idea of the paper (why you wrote this entire long piece to begin with).
• Summarize all the key points you made throughout the body of the paper (things that proved your thesis statement).
• Write about why this paper and topic are important, and leave the reader with ideas for additional research or maybe some questions that didn't get answered. The idea is that you want to leave the reader with a long-lasting impression. This is your opportunity to really drive your point home and to use some really interesting language.

Okay, so now that we have a game plan of how we need to write a good conclusion and what components consists of, let's look at a few examples of some sample essay conclusions.

Essay conclusion 1 — Why Ross didn't deserve Rachel on "Friends"

Although viewers always expected Ross and Rachel to reunite at the end of the series, the fact remains that Ross didn't deserve Rachel as a partner. As we saw in the beginning of the series, Ross was unfaithful to Rachel when they had been dating for over a year, and he didn't want to admit his wrongdoing when they tried to get back together after their initial breakup. Additionally, Ross was an extremely jealous and demanding partner, yelling at Rachel in front of all of their friends on several occasions. Finally, and most egregiously, Ross had a terrible reaction when Rachel told Ross she was pregnant after Monica and Chandler's wedding, making him an undesirable romantic partner for her, or any other character on the show for that matter. This conclusion is especially apparent after viewing the show more than 10 years after the final episode aired and having a collectively better understanding of women's rights and domestic abuse in relationships.

Essay conclusion 2 — Should students be allowed to have cell phones in elementary school?

In conclusion, although it's easy to see why allowing an elementary school child to have a cell phone would be convenient for after-school pickups or arranging playdates with friends, there is too much evidence to show that it's generally not a good idea. Children already have a lot of access to media (on average over seven hours per day) and it is the parent's responsibility to monitor their media access, which is more difficult if the child has exclusive cell phone access. Cyber bullying, which is increasingly becoming a problem, is also going to be a risk when your child has unlimited access to a smart phone. Clearly, elementary school-aged children are not emotionally mature enough to handle the responsibility of a smart phone, and the borrowing of a parent's cell phone should be highly monitored to ensure safe and healthful usage.

Essay conclusion 3 — Should sexual education be taught in public schools?

It's clear that sexual education is completely vital to the public-school curriculum. Not only does this lead to a better understanding of human development and human sexuality, but awareness and sex education also reduce the rates of teen pregnancy. Studies have shown that comprehensive sexual education increases the age of when teens have sex for the first time. Learning about contraception and how to use contraception correctly ultimately leads to lower rates of STDs. Lastly, comprehensive sex education also teaches students about consensual sex, and will hopefully lead to healthier sexual relationships and lower rates of sexual assault in the future. Not only should sex education be taught in public schools, but it should be mandatory for all public-school systems.

Essay conclusion 4 — What are the biggest challenges for women in the workplace?

Women have outnumbered men on the payroll in nonfarm jobs since 2010, but even with a majority of females in the office, there are still huge challenges for them at work. One of the biggest issues, which has been widely covered and debated on, is the fact that women still earn less of a wage for the same job as their male counterparts. Now that women are the breadwinners of many families, this is stunting economic growth and opportunity for their children. Additionally, women are less likely to be in charge at work. With less than 6% of Fortune 500 companies with a female CEO, women have a steeper hill to climb at the very top echelon of jobs. With a more level playing field, women's opportunities will increase and the workforce will ultimately be more inviting for all.

Essay conclusion 5 — You're having dinner with your favorite author. What happens? Describe the scene.

Harper Lee puts down her cup of coffee on the table, quietly scanning the room for an exit.

I'm nervous, wondering what to say to end this surreal evening.

"Thank you so much for meeting with me. I know that you're a very private person, and I can't tell you how much this means to me."

She smiles slightly at me and waves at the waiter for the check, which he brings promptly.

Essay conclusion 6 — Should music with curse words be allowed at school dances?

Language can be powerful and sometimes even harmful, but censorship of language is one of the worst things we can do as a society. I believe that the content of the song is more important than a few curse words. If a song's content is designed to provoke, intimidate, or make someone feel inferior, then I believe that is more harmful than a few impolite words in a chorus.

Essay conclusion 7 — What is something that should be taught in school that isn't?

Financial literacy is one of the most important things a person needs to understand as a fully functional adult. It's crucial for someone to be able to know how to purchase a car, open a bank account, invest in a 401k plan, and pay back his or her student debt all while being able to balance paying rent and saving money. Financial literacy should be taught to students while they are still in high school so that they can feel prepared to go out on their own and make a positive contribution to society.

Essay conclusion 8 — Is an increased dependence on technology good for society?

Technology surely isn't going anywhere. If anything, we will become more and more dependent on the capabilities of our smartphones and other devices in the future. However, we have to make sure that this dependence on technology isn't making us lazier or less curious about the world around us. With more knowledge available than ever before with today's technology, people are less discerning about what kind of materials they read and whether or not those materials are factual. People are also less likely to make a personal connection with someone while they're out in the world, which can increase levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Ultimately, we have to learn how to co-exist with technology in a way that is both healthful and constructive.

Essay conclusion 9 — Should schools start later in the morning?

There are some clear benefits to starting school later in the morning for K-12 students such as better academic performance and improved sleeping schedules. Although it might take a bit of rearranging schedules for parents to take their kids to school later on in the day, it's more important that students perform better academically than for the drop-off to be convenient for the parents on their way to work. To combat this, increased bus routes and crossing guards should be implemented so that parents who have to get to work at a certain time can be assured that their kids are making it to school safely.

Essay conclusion 10 — How do video games affect children and teenagers?

Video games have been an integral part of childhood and adolescence for a few decades now, but the effects on aggression levels and exposure to violence may make us take pause on how much exposure parents should let their kids have to these games. The video game industry is growing exponentially, and as the technology and video quality increase so does the ability to separate virtual reality from reality. Games with violent content are known to cause aggressive and sometimes even violent behavior in teens. Many video games, first-person shooter games in particular, have violent content. When the player is rewarded for violent behavior in the game, it reinforces the subtle idea that violence is acceptable and can be used in real life. With busy schedules and easy access to so much media, it's difficult for parents to be able to oversee everything that their children are exposed to. Video game designers should be held accountable for the violent content in their games, and a push should be made for more parental oversight and rules on video game usage.

In conclusion of conclusions

Conclusions are really just about wrapping things up. You want to be as succinct as possible, you want to reiterate the points you've already made throughout the essay, and you want to be compelling. With a little bit of practice and revision, you should be able to get the process down in no time. And if you need help with revising your conclusion or any other part of your paper, be sure to seek out the advice of a trusted teacher or a writing center, or hire one of our professional editors to give you a second opinion on your paper.

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Literary Genres — Short Story

Essays on Short Story

Brief description of short story, importance of writing essays on this topic, tips on choosing a good topic, essay topics, concluding thought, short story: the third floor bedroom, the complexities of trauma and healing in "the seventh man", made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

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The Thing Around Your Neck: Exploring Identity and Belonging

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Bridging The Gap: Comparing "Letters from My Father" and "The Writer"

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Analysis of Anton Chekhov’s Short Story "Agafya"

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Essay vs. Short Story

What's the difference.

Essays and short stories are both forms of written expression, but they differ in their purpose and structure. Essays are typically non-fiction pieces that aim to inform or persuade the reader about a specific topic. They often follow a formal structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. On the other hand, short stories are fictional narratives that focus on character development and plot. They can be written in various genres and styles, allowing for more creativity and imagination. While essays prioritize facts and logical arguments, short stories prioritize storytelling and evoking emotions in the reader.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When it comes to literary forms, essays and short stories are two popular choices that captivate readers with their unique attributes. While both share the goal of conveying a message or exploring a theme, they differ in various aspects, including structure, length, and narrative techniques. In this article, we will delve into the characteristics of essays and short stories, highlighting their similarities and differences.

One of the primary distinctions between essays and short stories lies in their structure. Essays typically follow a more formal and structured format, often consisting of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction sets the stage by presenting the topic and thesis statement, while the body paragraphs provide supporting evidence and analysis. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the main points and offers a closing thought.

On the other hand, short stories have a more flexible structure. They often begin with an exposition, introducing the characters, setting, and conflict. The plot then unfolds through rising action, climax, and resolution. Unlike essays, short stories allow for more creative freedom in terms of narrative structure, with authors employing various techniques such as flashbacks, foreshadowing, or nonlinear storytelling to engage readers.

Another significant difference between essays and short stories is their length. Essays are typically shorter in length, ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand words. The brevity of essays allows writers to present their ideas concisely and directly, making them suitable for conveying arguments or exploring specific topics in a focused manner.

On the contrary, short stories are longer and more expansive in nature. They can range from a few pages to several dozen pages, providing authors with ample space to develop characters, build suspense, and create intricate plotlines. The extended length of short stories allows for a deeper exploration of themes and emotions, often leaving readers with a more immersive and satisfying reading experience.

Narrative Techniques

While both essays and short stories employ narrative techniques to engage readers, they differ in their approach. Essays primarily rely on logical reasoning, evidence, and analysis to convey their message. Writers use persuasive techniques, such as ethos, pathos, and logos, to appeal to the reader's intellect and emotions. The narrative in essays is often more straightforward and focused on presenting a coherent argument or viewpoint.

In contrast, short stories utilize a wide range of narrative techniques to create a captivating and immersive experience. Authors employ descriptive language, dialogue, and vivid imagery to bring characters and settings to life. They can experiment with different points of view, shifting perspectives, and unreliable narrators to add depth and complexity to the story. The narrative in short stories is often more imaginative and allows for a greater exploration of the human experience.

Themes and Messages

Both essays and short stories aim to convey themes and messages to their readers, but they do so in distinct ways. Essays often focus on presenting an argument or discussing a specific topic, aiming to inform, persuade, or provoke thought. The themes in essays are typically more explicit and directly related to the subject matter being discussed.

On the other hand, short stories explore themes and messages through storytelling and the experiences of characters. They often delve into complex human emotions, moral dilemmas, or societal issues, allowing readers to reflect on the deeper meaning behind the narrative. The themes in short stories are often more implicit, requiring readers to analyze the story's events and characters to uncover the underlying messages.

In conclusion, while essays and short stories share the common goal of conveying a message or exploring a theme, they differ significantly in terms of structure, length, narrative techniques, and the way they approach themes. Essays offer a more formal and structured approach, focusing on presenting arguments and analysis concisely. On the other hand, short stories provide a more immersive and imaginative experience, allowing for the exploration of complex characters, plotlines, and themes. Both forms of writing have their unique merits and appeal, catering to different reading preferences and purposes.

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• July 8, 2024

Writing used to be a solitary job where writers would sit at the table in their studies to scribble away imaginary scenarios, people, and events. Today, writing is much more collaborative with writers working out of cafes and dormitories with other students. Academic writing has seen a lot of change in the recent days, thanks to the internet and the AI.

In this blog, we will take a look at academic assistance for students and how pre-written essays for sale are changing the landscape.

Evolution of Academic Assistance

The history of academic assistance for students has been nothing short of a saga. In this section, we will take a look at three major phases in the evolution of academic assistance and how it led to pre-written essays for sale .

Peers and Siblings

In the beginning, meaning before the internet, students do not have any way to seek help from others, save their peers and siblings with some experience. This was easily accessible but it was crude with no guarantee of success and a lot of chances of hit and miss.

AI Essay Writing Tools

With the advancement of the internet and writing tools, AI took center stage with amazing capabilities and scope. But the nascent hype has died down as teachers and instructors have found out ways to tackle AI in essays and papers.

Pre Written Essays for Sale

Today, essays for sale offer amazing value to students in terms of their scope, range, pricing, availability, and so on. Let’s take a look at some of the salient features that make them the ultimate rendition of academic assistance for students in schools and colleges.

Immediate Access

The first thing that is great about these pre-written essays for sale is the first part of their name. Since they are already finished, students do not have to wait for hours or days, and even pay a premium, to get one of these. All it takes is to go to the relevant website, find the right essay, pay for it, and that’s it. From start to finish, it takes no more than a couple of minutes!

Wide Range of Topics

Companies dealing with pre-written essays for sale have dedicated teams for researching the market. They anticipate the demand and come up with topics and titles that cover all the bases for students across the world. That’s why you will find a wide range of amazing essays and papers, available just a download away.

Affordable Pricing

Students do not have surplus cash lying around the dorm to spend on food and essentials, let alone buying essays from essay writing companies. They charge a premium on custom orders and take at least a day to write a 500-word essay. This is where pre-written essays for sale shine as they are available for a fraction of the price with all the benefits.

Lucrative Add-Ons

You might have a notion that once you download a pre-written essay, you are on your own. That’s not true as many reputed companies offer lucrative add-ons and perks to sweeten the deal. For instance, for a nominal price, you can ask for essay editing services. This will allow you to get all the changes in the essay without doing anything yourself. 

Things to Look For Before Buying Pre-Written Essays for Sale

Although pre-written essays for sale are great, you need to do some due diligence before paying your hard-earned cash. Here are some of the things you should check before moving forward with the purchasing of an essay online:

• The essay should be written by professional writers with experience in academic writing and editing.
• There should be an established brand behind the development of pre-written essays for sale.
• You should look for perks and benefits, such as title pages, free formatting, and downloadable plagiarism reports in order.
• The company has reviews and testimonials from other customers so that you know they are for real.

Wrapping Up

Academic assistance for students in the digital age has come a long way, from its humble roots. Today, students can order a complete essay from the comfort of their homes and get one in seconds. We have covered some aspects in the blog for your assistance in finding the right pre-written essay for sale.

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Alice Munro's daughter alleges she was abused by stepfather and her mom stayed with him

Alice Munro 's daughter is alleging she was sexually abused by her stepfather and that the Nobel Prize-winning author stood by him.

In an essay published Sunday in the Toronto Star , Andrea Robin Skinner, Munro's daughter from her first marriage to James Munro, said she was sexually assaulted by Gerald Fremlin, her stepfather and Munro's second husband, in 1976. She was 9 years old at the time.

In 2005, Fremlin received two years' probation after pleading guilty in Canadian court to assaulting Skinner.

The assault occurred when Skinner went to visit Munro for the summer at her home in Ontario. Fremlin also "made lewd jokes, exposed himself during car rides, told me about the little girls in the neighbourhood he liked, and described my mother's sexual needs," she wrote. Once, in front of Munro, he "told me that many cultures in the past weren't as 'prudish' as ours, and it used to be considered normal for children to learn about sex by engaging in sex with adults," Skinner alleged.

Years later, when she was 25, Skinner says she wrote a letter to her mother telling her about the sexual abuse, but Munro was "incredulous." According to the essay, Fremlin told Munro that he "would kill me if I ever went to the police." Despite what Skinner had told her, the short story writer remained married to Fremlin until his death in 2013.

Alice Munro, Nobel Prize-winning author and master of the short story, dies at 92

"She said that she had been 'told too late,' she loved him too much, and that our misogynistic culture was to blame if I expected her to deny her own needs, sacrifice for her children, and make up for the failings of men," Skinner wrote. "She was adamant that whatever had happened was between me and my stepfather. It had nothing to do with her."

Skinner also said Fremlin's former friends told her mother that he exposed himself to their 14-year-old daughter.

Skinner ended contact with her mother after telling her that Fremlin could never be around her own kids, and the two never reconciled their relationship.

Though she wrote that she was "satisfied" with Fremlin pleading guilty to indecent assault, Skinner also wanted her story to be told and for future interviews and biographies of Munro to wrestle with "the fact that my mother, confronted with the truth of what had happened, chose to stay with, and protect, my abuser."

But Skinner said this did not happen, and due to her mother's fame, "the silence continued."

Alice Munro wins Nobel Prize in literature

The essay comes after Munro, who in 2013 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, died in May at age 92 after suffering from dementia for over a decade.

"I want so much for my personal story to focus on patterns of silencing, the tendency to do that in families and societies," Skinner told the Toronto Star . "I just really hope that this story isn't about celebrities behaving badly … I hope that … even if someone goes to this story for the entertainment value, they come away with something that applies to their own family."

If you or someone you know has experienced sexual violence, RAINN’s National Sexual Assault Hotline offers free, confidential, 24/7 support to survivors and their loved ones in English and Spanish at: 800.656.HOPE (4673) and  Hotline.RAINN.org  and en Español  RAINN.org/es .

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YouTube film essay pioneers 'Every Frame a Painting' are back

And the duo behind it will release a short film on july 20..

Between 2014 and 2016, a YouTube channel called Every Frame a Painting posted 28 video essays critiquing movies and dissecting different aspects of filmmaking before it went silent. Taylor Ramos and Tony Zhou, the people behind the channel, talked about how Robin Williams was a master at blocking and using movement to portray his characters, as well as how Steven Spielberg does one long takes all the time that tend to go unnoticed by the public, among many other topics. Now, the duo is back, promising another series of video essays followed by the debut of a short film at Fantasia International Film Festival on July 20.

Ramos and Zhou wrote and directed their upcoming film called The Second starring Paul Sun-Hyung Lee and Ethan Hwan. They didn't share a lot of details about the movie, but the film festival's website says it's about "an alternate version of today’s world where dueling is still acceptable" in which Philip "must perform the role of 'Second' on the day of his only son's duel."

Every Frame a Painting has over 2 million subscribers on YouTube and was one of the creators that helped legitimize video essays on the website. Ramos and Zhou also created the Netflix series Voir , produced by David Fincher, which featured video essays about film, as well. Seeing as they promised new posts on YouTube before their film premieres, we'll likely see them upload a fresh batch of videos in the coming days.

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Opinion Supreme Court stakes are too high to continue with the Biden gamble

The risk of another Trump presidency appointing more justices, forces a reluctant conclusion.

“For all practical purposes, today’s decision almost certainly means that there are virtually no limits on what the president can do,” President Biden said Monday night of the Supreme Court’s 6-3 ruling granting former presidents broad immunity from criminal prosecution.

He’s right. And that raises the question: How should that grim assessment influence his decision about whether to remain in the race?

For Biden, the courts should be top of mind, in three ways:

First, during Donald Trump’s first term, the court served as a generally reliable bulwark against an out-of-control president. No longer. The lesson of Trump v. United States is that the courts will not shield us. They are enablers of presidential overreach, not brakes on it.

Trump and his lawyers insisted that presidents couldn’t function without the guarantee of immunity from prosecution after leaving office. The reality is that presidents functioned for more than two centuries with the understanding that the criminal law applied to their official acts and that they could be prosecuted after leaving office. The court’s ruling to the contrary doesn’t remove a chilling effect on responsible presidents; it enables rogue ones, like Trump.

Second, the ruling underscores the importance of who gets to wear the robes — and who has the power to appoint them. Trump named 234 judges out of the 890 authorized, including three justices who ruled in his favor Monday. Biden has named 201 —and, by the way, the Senate should make confirming pending nominees a priority.

As we have painfully learned over the past several years, it matters enormously who sits on the lower federal courts. Now more than ever, as the Supreme Court’s decisions — such as last week’s one eliminating deference to federal agencies — have increasingly shifted power to the judiciary.

A Trump presidency would reinforce and enhance that reality. On the Supreme Court, it would likely mean the retirements of Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr. and their replacement by equally conservative but younger ideologues. That conservative majority would last for decades, well beyond Trump’s second term. The damage that the current supermajority has inflicted would be entrenched and expanded.

I set out a likely — and chilling — shortlist of possible Trump appointees a few months back, but it bears repeating in light of the term’s cataclysmic end and Biden’s similarly cataclysmic debate performance.

It includes three judges from the ultraconservative U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit: James Ho, a former Thomas clerk; Andrew Oldham, who clerked for Alito; and Kyle Duncan, a target of student protests when he spoke at Stanford Law School. This is a court so conservative that it has been repeatedly slapped down by the Supreme Court, including in three out of 10 appeals from its rulings this term.

Others on the short list: Amul Thapar of the 6th Circuit, who wrote a book last year praising Thomas; Elizabeth Branch of the 11th Circuit, who joined Ho’s boycott of hiring clerks from Yale Law School after student protests of conservative speakers there; Lawrence VanDyke, who has been a strident dissenter on the liberal-leaning 9th Circuit; and Patrick Bumatay, also of the 9th Circuit.

As I wrote earlier, “These are not your George W. Bush-era Republican nominees. For the most part, they would make Trump’s first-term picks look mild by comparison.”

Finally, Biden should take to heart the tragic lesson of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who rebuffed entreaties to retire when a Democratic president could have named her replacement and thereby prevented the current supermajority.

Ginsburg’s self-centeredness is an indelible blot on her distinguished record. Biden needs to ask himself: Does he risk the same, except with even more dire consequences? Is that how he wants history to remember him?

Of course, to answer that question requires reaching a conclusion about whether Democrats’ chances of retaining the White House — more pointedly, of keeping Trump out of it — are better or worse with Biden on the ticket.

This is not an easy choice — though it may get slightly easier in the next several days, as additional polling emerges about the impact of Biden’s debate performance and as Biden embarks on a cleanup tour, including an interview with ABC’s George Stephanopoulos.

Democrats face two dangerous paths. Biden’s road to reelection was already treacherous before the debate disaster. Yet the alternate path presents the enormous peril of a party riven by divisions over the choice to replace him and perhaps producing a nominee who also can’t win in November. Perhaps, as I said, polling will help.

Absent more evidence, my reluctant conclusion is that Biden should step aside. Before the debate, I thought that the risks created by replacing him outweighed the potential benefit. Now that calculus has been reversed. Voters can’t be expected to unsee what they witnessed or chalk it up to one bad night and move on.

And now the Supreme Court has enormously upped the ante of a second Trump term. “The president is now a king above the law,” Biden said, quoting the dissenting justices.

His greatest service would be to do what is required to save us from King Trump.