In context, which of the following sentences would best be inserted after sentence 3.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
End |
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Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0
Preparing Texas students for success
The Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 (TSIA2) is a series of placement tests for students enrolling in public colleges and universities in Texas. The tests help Texas schools determine whether you’re ready for college-level courses in the areas of reading, writing, and math.
Not all Texas college students have to take TSIA2. If you’ve met college readiness standards on a standardized test like the SAT or successfully completed a high school college preparatory course, you may be exempt. Contact the college you’ll be attending to see if you need to take TSIA2.
If you haven't yet met college readiness standards, TSIA2 tests help determine what types of courses or intervention will best prepare you for college-level work. TSIA2 tests are computerized and, depending on school policy, you may get results immediately after you finish the test.
A Preassessment Activity (PAA) and TSIA2 testing are required. You'll need to complete the PAA prior to TSIA2 testing.
Once your PAA is completed, take advantage of the free TSIA2 practice tests and learning resources below.
The PAA is required prior to taking TSIA2 tests. Get started now!
The PAA is required prior to taking your TSIA2 tests. Once you've created an account , you'll also have access to TSIA2 practice tests resembling actual tests.
The TSIA2 Perspective Learning Resources is a free tool that provides hundreds of learning exercises to help strengthen students’ knowledge.
Download and practice with free TSIA2 sample test questions, essay prompts, and review additional resources.
The TSI Assessment (TSIA) is a college readiness assessment that is part of the Texas Success Initiative program. This program seeks to measure if candidates are ready to enter directly into college-level subjects, in the areas of writing, reading, and math.
Take a look at our free TSI writing practice test. We created our TSI writing questions to be in keeping with the questions that feature on the Texas Success Initiative Assessment. Take our free TSI writing practice test today and find out what your writing strengths and weaknesses are.
All information about the tsi assessment in writing.
The TSI Assessment in writing has a multiple-choice section and an essay part.
The multiple-choice section on the TSI Assessment in writing is designed to assess your skill level in relation to the four topics seen below. There are about 20 questions on the TSI placement test and 10-12 questions in each section of the TSI diagnostic test.
In this section, you may be asked to construct a five-paragraph (250-500 words essay), which adopts the persuasive form. You may be told to write on a current or controversial topic or issue. You will need to clearly put forward your main idea and give specific examples to back up this main idea. You will also need to make sure you stick to the conventions of standard English. You will not be allowed to use resources such as a dictionary. You can, however, use plain scratch paper to draft and/or plan out your essay.
If you want to prove to others and to yourself that you are ready to enter directly into college-level courses you’ll need to ace your TSI exam. And, the best way to do this is by preparing for your exam beforehand using Prepterminal’s practice materials. Check out our free TSI guide, with an extensive overview of the TSI exam. And, why not try out our other TSI practice tests, including our math quiz, and reading quiz.
At Prepterminal, we have also carefully developed a total online TSI Prep Course to help you maximize your TSI test score. This Prep Course will give you all the information you require to ace your TSI exam. Our Prep Course features both video and written course modules to make sure that you remain engaged while you study. Prepare for your test with ease with Prepterminal.
Make sure that you start college the right way, by taking college-level subjects. Start preparing for your TSI test with Prepterminal and watch your TSI testing score greatly improve.
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Hey, welcome to our actionable Texas Success Initiative Course page. I’m Michael, PrepTerminal’s Texas Success Initiative Course in-house expert. I am here to assist you with any queries about the Texas Success Initiative Course. Don’t hesitate to contact me at [email protected] .
If you need help studying for the TSI test or just want some more information about what the test is like, you’ve come to the right place.
Click below to take a free TSI practice test!
If you need some extra practice in a specific subject, click one of the subjects below to get started on a subject-specific TSI practice test.
Before we look at the specifics of the TSI test, it’s important to note that there are two different versions of the test you may have to take: the CRC test and the diagnostic test.
The test you’re given first is called the College Readiness Classification (CRC) test. This is used to determine whether you’re ready for college-level reading, writing, and math. If you don’t perform well on a section of this test, you’ll be given that section again via a second test called the diagnostic test. This test contains slightly more detailed questions that are designed to pinpoint your specific weak points.
The CRC version of the TSI test contains 50 questions and is split into two main parts: English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR) and Mathematics.
The reading-focused questions are designed to test how well you comprehend and analyze what you read, while the writing-focused questions are designed to test how well you can revise and edit sentences, paragraphs, and essays.
In addition to these 30 multiple-choice questions, you will be asked to write an essay. The essay portion requires you to write 300-600 words in response to a given prompt. The whole point of the essay is to show how well you grasp the following qualities:
It’s important to note that you will not be able to use a handheld calculator on this section of the test. A built-in calculator will pop up on the screen for some more difficult questions.
The diagnostic version of the test contains 48 multiple-choice questions per section and covers the same topics as the CRC test.
To get started with the registration process, you’ll need to contact the college you’re planning to attend to (or the one you’re already enrolled in). Each school has its own set of requirements and processes for registration.
TSI Study Guide and Flashcards
Get practice questions, detailed study lessons, and complex subjects broken down into easily understandable concepts.
Once you have completed the test, the hard part is over!
The multiple-choice questions for the ELAR and Math sections of the CRC test are scored on a scale of 310 to 990, and the essay is scored on a scale of 1 to 8. For the diagnostic test, all sections are scored on a scale of 1 to 6.
On your score report, which you should receive as soon as you finish the test, you’ll find one of the following three score levels:
These are the college readiness benchmarks for the TSI test:
For the ELAR section, you need a CRC score between 945 and 990. You also need a score of at least 5 on the essay.
If your CRC score is below 945, you’ll need to take the diagnostic test and score at least a 5 on both the multiple-choice section and the essay.
For the Math section, you need a CRC score between 950 and 990.
If your CRC score is below 950, you’ll need to take the diagnostic test and get a score of at least 6.
If you want to be fully prepared, Mometrix offers an online TSI prep course. The course is designed to provide you with any and every resource you might want while studying. The TSI course includes:
The TSI prep course is designed to help any learner get everything they need to prepare for their TSI exam. Click below to check it out!
What is TSI?
TSI is the Texas Success Initiative, which is a program mandated by the law to assist Texas public schools in determining whether students are ready for introductory college courses.
How many questions are on the TSI?
There are 50 multiple-choice questions on the CRC version of the TSI test. The diagnostic test contains 48 questions per section.
How can you be exempt from the TSI test?
You may be exempt from the TSI test (or just one section) if you meet other college readiness benchmarks via other standardized tests, like the ACT or SAT.
How long is the TSI test?
The TSI is actually not a timed test! Some schools recommend 2 hours for the writing questions and 1 hour for the reading and math questions.
You’ve been spending late nights and gone days with little sleep answering hundreds, maybe thousands, of practice multiple choice questions preparing you for the TSIA2 test. You think you’ve got the math portion down pretty well, you’ve nailed down the language arts portion, and you’ve read enough reading passages to know these formats and questions by heart.
But then comes the part where multiple choice doesn’t matter, and where studying sometimes doesn’t come into play. It’s more about how you structure, argue, detail, and lay out a position. It also includes having a strategy and being able to think quickly.
Below, we will break down what the TSIA2 essay requires, providing you with some basic information about what to expect, tips to scoring high marks, resources that can help you score well, and sample exemplary essays to review.
The essay portion of the TSIA2 will require you to read a short passage on an important and debatable topic. There will then be instructions that include picking a side or point of view and writing a persuasive essay defending your position.
You will be required write approximately 300 to 600 words, scored on the following key areas:
The most important thing to remember about the scoring process is that it’s not about what you argue but rather how you argue. The administrators grading your exam are not going to sit there and penalize you if you take a position that’s not a popular one or that disagrees with their view. If this is a concern you have, you can rest assured that won’t be the issue.
Instead, they will grade you on how you make your case. They want to see that you fully understand the topic and are able to successfully make an argument using proper details and evidence.
Keep these grading areas in mind as you write. You will be given a score from 1 to 8, with 8 being the top score. While there is no time limit for your essay, you will be required to complete it as part of the entire TSIA2 examination.
Take a deep breath and relax. Many students are intimidated by the essay portion, but it’s not as complex as some make it out to be. You just need to know the basics of what the person grading the essay is looking for and then execute that.
Here, we’ve provided you with seven simple steps to writing the perfect essay. Make sure you read these points thoroughly. We also included examples of model essays to look over so you can better see what a perfect paper will look like prior to submitting it.
It’s true that you can’t necessarily study for the essay like you can the math and reading portion; however, you can plan, prepare, and even do practice essays. Part of the planning process includes knowing exactly what the administrators grading your essay are looking for. Review the scoring criteria and know the six factors detailed above that will impact your score.
A common complaint from many students writing an essay is they didn’t get a chance to fully write their paper because they ran out of time. One of the reasons for them running out of time is they were writing too much.
Failing to plan is planning to fail.
In terms of length, the essay is required to be 300 to 600 words. Try to keep it within that range. Some students think that they can get extra points for impressing the evaluator with a 1,000-word argument. This is not the case.
Do your best to keep it within the 300 to 600-word limit and have a plan on how long you are going to spend on each portion prior to moving on. For example, if you have 60 minutes left to write your essay, take 10 minutes to read and possibly re-read the prompt, jotting down notes. Then take another 20 minutes to brainstorm and organize, making an outline and taking out key points from the text that you want to include in your paper.
That gives you 30 minutes to fully write the paper. If you properly organize yourself, you can write this in just 20–25 minutes, giving you five minutes to read it over and ensure you have included everything you need.
While it’s impossible to be able to tell how much time you’ll have left to write following the Language Arts and Math section, be prepared for the possibility of not having much time, especially if you’re a slow test taker. The best way to accomplish this is by doing a practice essay. Have a stopwatch and properly plan your time so you don’t get caught off guard if you only have 45 or 60 minutes left to write your essay.
Once you are handed the passage, read the article thoroughly. The administrator will provide you with scratch paper; be sure to use it. As you read, highlight important parts and begin dissecting the key parts as you move along. You should start to get an idea of a direction you will go as you go along.
Another important thing to consider is taking a stance that is easiest to argue. It doesn’t always have to necessarily be one you agree with, but if you can make a better case for one side over the other in your paper, it’s best to go in that direction. Again, remember that the evaluator isn’t grading you on what your opinion on an issue is — they only care about how you make your case and the structure you include.
You’ve read the article, maybe twice. You’ve done your highlighting and made some notes as you read. Now you need to brainstorm what you are going to talk about.
This is where the scratch paper they give you takes on even more importance. For many, making a simple outline of how they want the paper to look like is the perfect technique for structuring your paper. This significantly helps you with step three below, which is organizing and structuring your essay.
Don’t start writing until you’ve written all your thoughts down. On the scratch paper, write your main points and make sub-categories providing details to those points. Most importantly, include evidence from your reading in your outline. This also will help you with organizing your paper, as textual evidence is a critical part of scoring well on your essay.
Structure and format is key when laying out your position. Don’t overthink it; in fact, just go back to the days when you learned how to write a five-paragraph essay. When making an argument, it’s a very similar organization. The essay doesn’t necessarily have to be five paragraphs (it can be four, as in the example built throughout these steps), but it will need the structure of an introduction, body paragraphs with each main point being a paragraph of its own, and a conclusion that summarizes your main points.
Begin with a hook that draws the reader in. This can be a quote that stands out in what you read, a glaring and passionate statement that garners attention, or even a question. Finish your introduction by setting up the rest of your paper with a thesis statement, which should be one sentence in which you present your stance and the general reasons for defending it. That being said, don’t overthink your introduction. Keep it short and sweet, no more than a few sentences.
From there, split your paper into paragraphs, with each paragraph highlighting a new point. Within those points, be sure to include details. The administrators want to see evidence and see that you properly use passages and examples from the text in your essay. This can’t be stressed enough. If you fail to include textual evidence, you will be penalized. However, if you can illustrate to the administrator that you can argue your point and use examples from the passage to back up your point, you will be rewarded no matter if the person grading the article agrees with your point or not.
Imagine the following is your essay prompt:
“All the adversity I’ve had in my life, all my troubles and obstacles, have strengthened me. You may not realize it when it happens, but a kick in the teeth may be the best thing in the world for you.” – Walt Disney
“Is a kick in the teeth” really the best thing in the world for you, and can it truly make you a stronger person?
Sample introduction
Sometimes we have to take a step back in order to move two steps forward. Some may think that when we face a “kick in the teeth,” as Walt Disney put it, or are knocked down, it weakens us and we should simply accept defeat and move on with our life. Instead, we should use it as a learning opportunity to elevate ourselves and make us better. When Michael Jordan was left off the varsity basketball team and was recognized as the “second best Jordan” athlete in the family, he didn’t just “shrug it off.” When Abraham Lincoln lost an election and kept getting bad breaks, he didn’t give up. Michael Jordan and Abraham Lincoln are two perfect examples of people who strengthened themselves after “getting a kick in the teeth.”
This introduction sets up the rest of the essay, which will focus on how Michael Jordan and Abraham Lincoln both faced troubles in their life and experienced a setback but overcame those obstacles. The thesis statement – the last sentence of the introduction – leads you right into the rest of the paper.
Part of the grading criteria is your paper’s flow, or the proper connecting of ideas from start to end. One way to do this is through transitions. Here are some good transitions to use throughout your paper:
Do not, and we repeat, DO NOT, be 50/50, 70/30, or even 90/10 on a stance. You are 100% in on your position and you don’t stray from it. The grader wants to see that you are committed to an argument and can fully make the case using textual evidence. In the example above, don’t argue how Michael Jordan was able to make himself stronger from not making the varsity team or overcome his father’s death to better himself, but then say, “However, there have been moments where Jordan got a kick in the teeth and gave in.” Once you’ve solidified your position, you are all in.
On top of that, write with passion. Show that you care about what you’re arguing. Ask questions throughout the article that make the reader think. Use effective ethos, pathos, and logos techniques as you move along from start to finish.
This is the part that a lot of essay writers struggle with: They don’t acknowledge the other side. You need to know the opposing view’s main points, recognize them, and bring them up. Then, you offer counterpoints to demonstrate why your view is stronger and back it up with details.
This is an important part of winning an argument or debate. It illustrates that you are educated on the topic and have thoroughly considered all sides before taking a stance. By making the other side’s point and effectively countering, you are making a positive impression on the administrator reading your essay, displaying that you properly know how to argue an issue.
Here’s a model body paragraph from the sample above about making yourself stronger from a setback.
Abraham Lincoln faced many obstacles and setbacks growing up, but he never gave in. When he was just 22 years old, he started a business that failed. Instead of settling for something less, he tried to do something where he could influence others and got into politics. However, he lost election after election, trying to run for state representative and the U.S. Senate. But Lincoln persevered, learned from his mistakes, and eventually ran for U.S. President and won after never giving up. Additionally, when he was president, he faced major backlash for his positions on slavery and his unwillingness to compromise with the South’s secession. While a compromise with those in opposition was always an option for Lincoln to take, his previous experiences with failure taught him how to persevere, and thus he was able to achieve more for his legacy and the country than he would have without knowing how to face “a kick in the teeth.” His previous challenges were a key factor in knowing how — and why — to overcome the biggest adversity of his life.
In the bold part, the writer introduces the other side, saying that it was possible for Lincoln to avoid conflict by simply “taking his beating” and give in. However, the writer comes back with a counterpoint, saying that because Lincoln didn’t give in and instead persevered, both he and America became stronger in the long run. This counterpoint shows the value of facing and overcoming adversity in a way that would not be possible without addressing the opposing view.
This is where you can take a deep breath because you’re almost done. The conclusion should be the easiest part of your paper and the least time-consuming.
Don’t overanalyze it. This can be 50 words or fewer. Simply summarize your argument and restate your thesis. You have the option of finishing it off with an impactful statement that fully makes the paper come full circle. Maybe it ties back into your hook, which is always a good way to impress the reader.
Here’s an example of a simple and effective conclusion from the model above on Michael Jordan and Abraham Lincoln becoming stronger from their setbacks:
Clearly, Michael Jordan and Abraham Lincoln became stronger as a result of their failures. Because of their troubles and obstacles, they used a “kick in the teeth” as a learning experience and a way to make themselves stronger. As a result, they became two of the most influential people in history in sports, politics, and leadership. Jordan and Lincoln both took a step or two back, but took giant leaps forward and taught a lot of people a positive and valuable lesson.
Hopefully, you’ll have enough time left over where you can proofread your essay and check for mistakes. First and foremost, make sure your essay fully answers the prompt. Go through each of the grading criteria and ensure you’ve met each key area.
If you have extra time, you can always do little things to improve your paper, like adding stronger word choice in different areas and adding a good call to action at the end of the paper if you haven’t already.
You shouldn’t be afraid of the essay section. Instead, you should be motivated and excited. No more answering questions with a right or wrong answer. No more reading passage after passage trying to figure out what the main idea is. No more dealing with numbers and answering a bunch of questions that other people wrote. Now, you have control. You have the power. With the essay portion, you get to speak your mind, make your argument, and be convincing. It’s always important to attack the essay with confidence; don’t let the essay attack you.
While all of these tips are important, the most important is to truly have a plan. Go into the essay knowing what you need to do and how you need to accomplish it. By doing that, you have already won half the battle. Get a good night’s sleep and write as if your future depends on it, because, in some ways, it does.
Again, do as much preparation as you can. Read as many model essays as possible, and even do some practice essays. It doesn’t hurt even getting into a debate with a friend on a controversial topic, whether it be through an email or in person, where you practice making main points and backing it up with details. This is always a great way to get in the frame of mind of backing up a point or opinion with facts and proper supporting techniques.
Just remember to be confident and have the mentality the you are going to succeed. Best of luck to you!
For more information about the TSI Assessment and how to register, visit https://www.hccs.edu/resources-for/current-students/testing-services/ or email [email protected]
The following resources may help you prepare to take or re-take the TSI assessments.
TSI Study Handout
This printable handout contains testing tips and useful websites that may help you prepare for taking the TSI. Simply click on the QR codes on the page, and it will take you to an ELAR test, Math test, or combination of both. You can also scan the QR codes with a smartphone:
Accuplacer Practice tests and sample questions and essays are available at the College Board’s Accuplacer Website , you can download practice questions and sample essays, and sign up for the free web-based study app.
TSI Preparation Classes This Continuing Education TSI course is designed for students who have taken the TSI and not placed at the college ready level. The course prepares students with a review of topics that students need to know to successfully pass the Texas Success Initiative Assessment exam. Courses are taught by Collin College Math Faculty and are delivered online. Course schedule and registration information can be found here .
Learning Express TSI Resources EBSCO Learning Express offers TSI preparation practice exams for the ELAR, Essay and Math assessments. Follow these instructions for how to locate the resources and create an account.
Anthony Peterson Center for Academic Assistance (APCAA)
The APCCA on our campuses will be glad to help you review materials to prepare to take the TSI assessment for the first time, or to retake the assessment if you did not receive the score you wanted. For more information, go to the APCAA Website .
Learning Locator Code If you did not get the score you would like, and you would like to retake the TSI, you can review materials by using the Learning Locator Code (LLC) on your score report to enter the Math or ELAR code into this Website .
College Readiness Classes for the TSI Assessments This course is designed for students who did not receive a course placement after taking the TSI assessment. Classes are offered at the McKinney and Plano campuses in the evening. Must be a high school graduate to attend. Please visit www.collinael.com , call 972-349-4550 or email [email protected] to sign up for this free class.
Other Resources Here are a few other free websites that may provide you with additional practice activities related to the TSI. (Note: Collin College is not affiliated with these organizations and makes no claim as to the quality of the information they present.)
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TSI Practice Test 2024 with Study Guide (PDF). Prepare for the Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Assessment Exam with our comprehensive TSI Practice Test 2024 and Study Guide. Our study guide is available in a downloadable PDF format and provides essential preparation materials to help you succeed.
Try our free TSI Exam Practice Test online, which includes reading, writing, and mathematics quizzes. These practice tests are designed to help you review key concepts and improve your skills for the actual exam.
The Texas Success Initiative Assessment is better known as the TSI test. It is part of the Texas Success Initiative program designed to help your college or university determine if you are ready for college-level coursework in the areas of reading, writing, and mathematics. The TSIA, or one of its exemptions, has been required of Texas students entering a Texas college or university for nearly ten years. The TSIA is administered through the College Board’s Accuplacer digital platform. Universities, community colleges, school districts, and high school campuses can request to administer the TSIA to students.
Table of Contents
TSI Writing Practice Test
TSI Reading Practice Test
TSI Exam Reading Practice Test
TSI comprises three different assessments—reading, writing, and mathematics. Each assessment is taken and scored separately, but all are mandatory parts of the test. All incoming college students in the State Of Texas are required to take the TSI unless they have already met certain criteria, which include the following:
The student has met the minimum college readiness standard on the ACT, SAT , or another statewide test and has already successfully completed college-level mathematics and English courses.
The TSI assesses reading comprehension, writing, and mathematical skills. The questions are aligned with the Texas College and Career Readiness Standards and gauge your readiness to tackle college-level coursework. Because the test is computer-adaptive, you will encounter more difficult topics as you continue to answer questions on the test correctly.
The Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Mathematics and Statistics test contains questions that measure proficiency in four content areas. The four content areas are as follows:
The Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Reading test contains questions that measure proficiency in four content areas. The four content areas are as follows:
The Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Writing test contains questions that measure proficiency in four content areas. The four content areas are as follows:
The Essay Test is designed primarily to ascertain (in conjunction with the CRC Test and possibly the Diagnostic Test) whether test-takers are college-ready or not regarding writing. It consists of a single constructed-response prompt.
The minimum passing score requirements are as follows:
More information regarding the Texas Success Initiative and the TSI Assessment can be found at www.thecb.state.tx.us/TSI .
Take advantage of free sample questions to improve in areas where your academic performance is not the strongest. These sample questions help you familiarize yourself with the types of questions asked on the TSI Assessment. To access the full sample questions document,
TSI Assessment Preparation by Austin CC Reading Practice Test – Writing Practice Tet — Math Practice Test
Prepare for your test with realistic questions.
The ELAR section of the TSI tests your foundational reading and writing abilities, focusing on reading comprehension, reading analysis, and text editing and revision. To help you prepare for this section of the TSI, this page contains everything you need to know, including what topics are covered, how many questions there are, and how you can study effectively.
Click “Start Test” above to take a free TSI ELAR practice test!
Tsi test online prep course.
If you want to be fully prepared, Mometrix offers a comprehensive online TSI prep course. This course is designed to provide you with any and every resource you may need while studying. The TSI course includes:
The TSI prep course is designed to help any learner get everything they need to prepare for their TSI exam. Click below to check it out!
The College Readiness Classification (CRC) version of the test contains 30 questions, while the Diagnostic version contains 48 questions.
The TSI ELAR test does not have a set time limit; you must simply complete the exam within 14 days after starting it.
A passing score for the TSI ELAR test is a CRC score of 945-990 plus a minimum of 5 on the Essay Test, OR a CRC score under 945 with a Diagnostic Test score of 5-6 and an Essay score of at least 5.
TSI Practice Test Home
by Mometrix Test Preparation | Last Updated: February 29, 2024
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L-citrulline supplementation improves arterial blood flow and muscle oxygenation during handgrip exercise in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
2. materials and methods, 2.1. participants, 2.2. experimental protocol, 2.3. measurements, 2.3.1. anthropometrics, 2.3.2. forearm muscle strength and dynamic handgrip exercise, 2.3.3. brachial and aortic blood pressure and arterial stiffness, 2.3.4. brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (fmd) and hemodynamics, 2.3.5. muscle oxygenation, 2.4. statistical analysis, 3.1. effects of supplementations on blood pressure, endothelial function, and arterial stiffness, 3.2. effects of supplementations on arterial vasodilation during exercise, 3.3. effects of supplementations on muscle oxygenation responses to exercise, 3.4. correlations between fmd with arterial vasodilation and muscle oxygenation after cit supplementation, 4. discussion, 5. conclusions, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.
Click here to enlarge figure
Characteristics | Placebo (n = 11) | CIT (n = 11) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64 ± 5 | 61 ± 7 | 0.35 |
Height (m) | 1.58 ± 0.09 | 1.59 ± 0.05 | 0.45 |
Weight (kg) | 74.4 ± 15.7 | 75.0 ± 10.8 | 0.92 |
Body mass index (kg/m ) | 30.2 ± 5.9 | 29.8 ± 4.0 | 0.85 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 97.5 ± 18.3 | 90.8 ± 10.4 | 0.30 |
MVC (kg) | 30 ± 7 | 30 ± 6 | 0.92 |
Medication (n) | |||
ARB | 1 | 2 | |
ACE inhibitors | 0 | 1 | |
Diuretics | 1 | 1 | |
Calcium channel blockers | 1 | 0 | |
Statin | 1 | 1 |
Variables | Placebo (n = 11) | CIT (n = 11) | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Week | 4 Weeks | Δ0 to 4 Weeks | 0 Week | 4 Weeks | Δ0 to 4 Weeks | ||
Rest | |||||||
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.2 ± 1.3 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | Δ−0.6 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 2.0 | 8.5 ± 1.1 * | Δ−0.9 ± 1.3 | 0.46 |
Baseline Diameter (mm) | 3.67 ± 0.48 | 3.81 ± 0.51 | Δ0.14 ± 0.21 | 3.64 ± 0.43 | 3.60 ± 0.32 | Δ−0.04 ± 0.34 | 0.14 |
Peak Diameter (mm) | 3.82 ± 0.32 | 3.98 ± 0.53 | Δ0.13 ± 0.18 | 3.83 ± 0.44 | 3.82 ± 0.32 | Δ−0.01 ± 0.38 | 0.31 |
Brachial FMD (%) | 4.84 ± 1.75 | 4.18 ± 2.19 | Δ−0.7 ± 2.1 | 5.03 ± 2.34 | 6.62 ± 2.22 * | Δ1.6 ± 2.2 | 0.02 |
Baseline Shear Rate (s ) | 125 ± 45 | 131 ± 36 | Δ6 ± 32 | 125 ± 46 | 169 ± 61 | Δ43 ± 164 | 0.47 |
Peak Shear Rate (s ) | 1028 ± 264 | 1016 ± 302 | Δ−12 ± 209 | 1055 ± 245 | 1148 ± 401 | Δ92 ± 428 | 0.78 |
FMD/Shear Rate (u.a.) | 2.18 ± 1.23 | 1.82 ± 1.29 | Δ−0.36 ± 1.55 | 1.52 ± 0.83 | 2.40 ± 1.06 | Δ0.88 ± 1.35 | 0.06 |
Brachial SBP (mmHg) | 133 ± 14 | 135 ± 15 | Δ2 ± 5 | 132 ± 12 | 128 ± 8 * | Δ−4 ± 6 | 0.04 |
Brachial DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 10 | 79 ± 11 | Δ2 ± 3 | 82 ± 8 | 81 ± 7 | Δ−1 ± 4 | 0.09 |
Brachial MAP (mmHg) | 96 ± 10 | 98 ± 11 | Δ2 ± 4 | 99 ± 8 | 97 ± 6 | Δ−2 ± 4 | 0.04 |
Brachial PP (mmHg) | 55 ± 13 | 55 ± 12 | Δ1 ± 5 | 50 ± 9 | 47 ± 8 | Δ−2 ± 7 | 0.21 |
Aortic SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 13 | 130 ± 15 | Δ3 ± 5 | 126 ± 10 | 123 ± 6 * | Δ−4 ± 6 | 0.01 |
Aortic DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 79 ± 12 | Δ1 ± 4 | 83 ± 8 | 80 ± 7 * | Δ−3 ± 6 | 0.06 |
Aortic MAP (mmHg) | 95 ± 10 | 96 ± 12 | Δ1 ± 4 | 95 ± 8 | 94 ± 6 * | Δ−3 ± 5 | 0.02 |
Aortic PP (mmHg) | 49 ± 12 | 51 ± 11 | Δ2 ± 3 | 43 ± 7 | 43 ± 7 | Δ0 ± 6 | 0.28 |
Exercise | |||||||
Δ Brachial SBP (mmHg) | 19 ± 10 | 19 ± 10 | Δ0 ± 10 | 20 ± 9 | 22 ± 7 | Δ2 ± 8 | 0.71 |
Δ Brachial DBP (mmHg) | 6 ± 10 | 8 ± 5 | Δ2 ± 9 | 8 ± 7 | 9 ± 8 | Δ1 ± 6 | 0.73 |
Δ Brachial MAP (mmHg) | 10 ± 10 | 11 ± 6 | Δ1 ± 8 | 12 ± 6 | 13 ± 7 | Δ1 ± 4 | 0.96 |
Δ Brachial PP (mmHg) | 13 ± 8 | 12 ± 7 | Δ−2 ± 11 | 12 ± 10 | 13 ± 7 | Δ1 ± 11 | 0.58 |
Variables | Placebo (n = 11) | CIT (n = 11) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Week | 4 Weeks | 0 Week | 4 Weeks | |||||
FBF (mL/min) | ||||||||
Rest | 68 ± 41 | - | 107 ± 105 | - | 62 ± 18 | - | 90 ± 90 | - |
1 min | 150 ± 47 * | Δ82 ± 43 * | 172 ± 115 * | Δ65 ± 39 * | 127 ± 40 * | Δ65 ± 30 * | 189 ± 127 * | Δ100 ± 52 * |
2 min | 176 ± 41 * | Δ107 ± 35 * | 204 ± 125 * | Δ98 ± 35 * | 149 ± 54 * | Δ87 ± 46 * | 225 ± 133 * | Δ135 ± 65 * |
3 min | 200 ± 35 * | Δ132 ± 21 * | 212 ± 112 * | Δ106 ± 22 * | 177 ± 51 * | Δ115 ± 38 * | 265 ± 136 * | Δ176 ± 77 * |
Average over 3 min | 175 ± 38 * | Δ107 ± 30 * | 191 ± 116 * | Δ90 ± 26 * | 151 ± 44 * | Δ89 ± 33 * | 226 ± 126 * | Δ137 ± 53 * |
FVC (mL/min/mmHg) | ||||||||
Rest | 68 ± 44 | 64 ± 19 | 110 ±116 | 91 ± 82 | ||||
1 min | 133 ± 44 * | Δ65 ± 41 * | 120 ± 43 * | Δ46 ± 36 | 156 ± 116 * | Δ56 ± 31 * | 177 ± 112 * | Δ86 ± 43 * |
2 min | 155 ± 39 * | Δ87 ± 33 * | 140 ± 53 * | Δ74 ± 19 * | 184 ± 118 * | Δ76 ± 43 * | 206 ± 117 * | Δ115 ± 54 * |
3 min | 176 ± 37 * | Δ108 ± 23 * | 161 ± 53 * | Δ79 ± 16 * | 189 ± 113 * | Δ97 ± 40 * | 240 ± 125 * | Δ149 ± 69 * |
Average over 3 min | 155 ± 38 * | Δ87 ± 30 * | 176 ± 115 * | Δ92 ± 42 * | 140 ± 47 * | Δ76 ± 35 * | 208 ± 113 * | Δ117 ± 44 * |
Variables | Placebo (n = 11) | CIT (n = 11) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 Week | 4 Weeks | 0 Week | 4 Weeks | |||||
TSI (%) | ||||||||
Rest | 61.4 ± 2.3 | - | 59.6 ± 2.7 | - | 61.8 ± 4.1 | - | 60.6 ± 3.3 | - |
1 min | 61.5 ± 2.5 | Δ0.18 ± 1.24 | 58.8 ± 3.8 | Δ−0.86 ± 2.27 | 61.2 ± 5.6 | Δ−0.65 ± 2.12 | 61.6 ± 3.2 | Δ0.98 ± 1.21 |
2 min | 60.6 ± 2.2 | Δ−0.71 ± 1.46 | 58.0 ± 4.2 | Δ−1.64 ± 2.75 | 60.2 ± 5.7 | Δ−1.60 ± 2.66 | 60.6 ± 3.2 | Δ0.01 ± 1.96 |
3 min | 60.5 ± 4.2 | Δ−0.82 ± 1.37 | 58.3 ± 4.1 | Δ−1.36 ± 2.39 | 60.4 ± 5.6 | Δ−1.46 ± 2.51 | 60.7 ± 3.2 | Δ0.13 ± 1.73 |
Average over 3 min | 60.9 ± 2.2 | Δ−0.45 ± 1.07 | 58.4 ± 4.0 | Δ−1.29 ± 2.42 | 60.6 ± 5.6 | Δ−1.24 ± 2.38 | 61.0 ± 3.2 | Δ0.37 ± 1.62 |
HHb (μM) | ||||||||
Rest | −0.60 ±0.62 | - | −0.95 ± 0.94 | - | −0.38 ± 0.49 | - | −0.51 ± 0.56 | - |
1 min | 0.96 ± 1.48 | Δ1.56 ± 1.70 | 1.48 ± 2.99 * | Δ2.43 ± 2.63 * | 2.01 ± 2.07 * | Δ2.39 ± 2.10 * | −0.69 ± 1.96 | Δ−0.18 ± 1.57 |
2 min | 1.64 ± 1.45 * | Δ2.24 ± 1.63 * | 2.80 ± 3.73 * | Δ3.76 ± 3.68 * | 2.97 ± 2.92 * | Δ3.35 ± 2.97 * | −0.01 ± 2.48 | Δ0.49 ± 2.13 |
3 min | 2.45 ± 2.82 * | Δ3.04 ± 2.54 * | 2.80 ± 3.98 * | Δ3.75 ± 3.90 * | 2.93 ± 3.10 * | Δ3.30 ± 3.19 * | −0.06 ± 2.23 | Δ0.45 ± 1.87 |
Average over 3 min | 1.68 ± 1.57 * | Δ2.28 ± 1.66 * | 2.36 ± 3.43 * | Δ3.31 ± 3.27 * | 2.64 ± 2.65 * | Δ3.02 ± 2.71 * | −0.25 ± 2.20 | Δ0.25 ± 1.83 |
O Hb (μM) | ||||||||
Rest | 0.23 ± 0.63 | - | 0.35 ± 0.76 | - | 0.45 ± 0.47 | - | 0.70 ± 0.47 | - |
1 min | 1.08 ± 3.11 | Δ0.85 ± 3.07 | 0.17 ± 2.60 | Δ−0.18 ± 2.30 | 1.43 ± 4.06 | Δ0.97 ± 4.00 | 3.22 ± 2.42 * | Δ2.52 ± 2.34 * |
2 min | 1.06 ± 3.34 | Δ0.83 ± 3.44 | −0.85 ± 3.99 | Δ−1.20 ± 3.81 | 0.21 ± 5.77 | Δ−0.24 ± 5.73 | 3.45 ± 3.15 | Δ2.75 ± 3.11 |
3 min | 1.55 ± 3.77 | Δ2.32 ± 3.79 | −0.32 ± 3.75 | Δ−0.67 ± 3.51 | 0.62 ± 5.91 | Δ0.17 ± 5.93 | 3.71 ± 2.88 * | Δ3.01 ± 2.86 * |
Average over 3 min | 1.56 ± 3.33 | Δ1.34 ± 3.36 | −0.34 ± 3.32 | Δ−0.69 ± 3.08 | 0.75 ± 5.17 | Δ0.30 ± 5.14 | 3.26 ± 2.79 * | Δ2.76 ± 2.75 * |
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Kang, Y.; Dillon, K.N.; Martinez, M.A.; Maharaj, A.; Fischer, S.M.; Figueroa, A. L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2024 , 16 , 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121935
Kang Y, Dillon KN, Martinez MA, Maharaj A, Fischer SM, Figueroa A. L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients . 2024; 16(12):1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121935
Kang, Yejin, Katherine N. Dillon, Mauricio A. Martinez, Arun Maharaj, Stephen M. Fischer, and Arturo Figueroa. 2024. "L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women" Nutrients 16, no. 12: 1935. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121935
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Take our TSI reading practice test to prepare for your upcoming exam. We have updated our exams to reflect the changes made for the TSIA2 exam.
Instead of reading and writing being on different exams, they have been combined into the same section of English Language Arts and Reading (ELAR). Start preparing for your TSI ELAR exam below!
If you want to study for other sections of the exam, visit our TSIA2 practice test home.
The TSI reading and TSI English sections were combined into the TSI ELAR section when the exam was updated to its new format (TSIA2).
Instead of having to take 2 separate sections, you will now save some time by only having to take 1 section (ELAR). The categories you will be tested on include:
The essay will also appear on this ELAR section. You can practice for the essay by visiting our TSI essay page.
There is a College Readiness Classification (CRC) Test and a Diagnostic Test:
College Readiness Classification (CRC) ELAR Test:
ELAR Diagnostic Test:
You will take the CRC test first. If you do not score 945+ and an essay score of 5+, you will need to take the ELAR diagnostic test.
How many questions are on the tsi elar exam.
There is no time limit on the TSIA2 ELAR exam.
CRC score of 945+ and an essay score of 5+ or CRC score below 945 and a diagnostic level of 5 and an essay score of 5+.
The TSI was updated on 1/11/21. TSI reading and TSI writing were combined into this new section, TSI ELAR.
This helped streamline the exam for students by combining sections.
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TSI Essay Overview. The TSI essay is designed to test your ability to write and communicate your thoughts. You will find the essay on the ELAR portion of the TSIA2 exam. You can expect the following: 1 Prompt; 300-600 Word Essay Style Response; Your essay will be graded on the following 6 characteristics:
The TSI essay will be evaluated on your organization, focus, development and support, sentence structure, and mechanical conventions. Fortunately, your essay is only required to be 300-600 words in length. A simple 5 paragraph essay will be more than sufficient. Scores on the essay section range from 1 to 8, with 8 being the highest.
TSI Essay Sample. Below is a high-scoring TSI sample essay for your review. This response is based on our TSI Practice Essay. We recommend that you type your own essay before you read this TSI essay example. Following the sample essay there is a commentary which explains why it would earn a high score. Whenever schools have to cut their budgets ...
Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 Mathematics Sample Questions. Sample questions from the TSIA2 Mathematics test. PDF. 664.8 KB. Download sample TSIA2 essay prompts and view scored essays. TSIA2 essay guides show you the types of prompts you might see on the TSIA2 tests, as well as examples of responses to those prompts, the scores they ...
Try our TSI Writing practice test to ensure that you are fully prepared. Question 1. For questions 1-11, select the best version of the underlined part of the sentence. If you think the original sentence is best, choose the first answer. To swim, to jog, and spinning are my aunt's favorite ways of maintaining her health.
If you want to be fully prepared, Mometrix offers a comprehensive online TSI Prep Course. This course is designed to provide you with any and every resource you may need while studying. The TSI Course includes: 120 Lessons Covering Every Topic. Over 1,250 TSI Practice Questions. 220+ Video Tutorials.
The Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0 (TSIA2) is a series of placement tests for students enrolling in public colleges and universities in Texas. The tests help Texas schools determine whether you're ready for college-level courses in the areas of reading, writing, and math. ... Download and practice with free TSIA2 sample test ...
Take our Free TSI Writing Practice Test (2024) The TSI Assessment (TSIA) is a college readiness assessment that is part of the Texas Success Initiative program. This program seeks to measure if candidates are ready to enter directly into college-level subjects, in the areas of writing, reading, and math. Take a look at our free TSI writing ...
Use our free TSIA2 practice test to prepare for the Texas Success Initiative Assessment 2.0. Get a great score on your TSIA2 Accuplacer test! ... The second edition of the Texas Success Initiative Assessment, the TSIA2, is a placement test administered by Accuplacer, which helps demonstrate a student's college readiness in reading, writing ...
TSI Essay: The Texas College and Career Readiness Writing standards ask students to write essays that "demonstrate clear focus, the logical development of ideas in well-organized ... Sample Essay: An obstacle or disadvantage may appear to be a setback, though either has the ability to be turned into something good. For instance, Rosa Parks ...
Free Texas Success Initiative Test Practice (TSI) Practice Test & 2024 Prep Guide by iPREP. Check out our free TSI sample questions and ace your test. ... In addition, test takers must write an essay. While the TSI assessment is not timed, typically it requires an average of three to five hours to complete all three sections of the test. TSI ...
Prepare with our TSI practice test questions. These questions will help you increase your TSI test score. Learn more. ... and essays. In addition to these 30 multiple-choice questions, you will be asked to write an essay. The essay portion requires you to write 300-600 words in response to a given prompt. The whole point of the essay is to show ...
All TSI Practice Tests. We have listed all of our free TSI practice tests below. Pick which section you want to start with and begin your studies. TSI Math. TSI Math Practice Test 1. TSI Math Practice Test 2. TSI Math Practice Test 3. TSI Math Practice Test 4. TSI ELAR.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like WritePlacer Sample Topic Prepare a multiple-paragraph writing sample of about 300-600 words on the topic below. You should use the time available to plan, write, review and edit what you have written. Read the assignment carefully before you begin to write. Some schools require each student to participate in an organized school ...
TSI Essay Practice Test . Take a TSI essay practice test to help you prepare for the essay portion of your TSIA2 exam. You will find 4 different TSI writing ... TSI Scores . The Texas Success Initiative Assessment (TSIA2) is a standardized test that public Texas colleges use to determine whether you are college ready or not. There. TSI Math ...
The essay portion of the TSIA2 will require you to read a short passage on an important and debatable topic. There will then be instructions that include picking a side or point of view and writing a persuasive essay defending your position. You will be required write approximately 300 to 600 words, scored on the following key areas ...
HCC in the Community Centers of Excellence. HCC's 14 Centers of Excellence focus on top-notch faculty and industry best practices to give students the skills they need for a successful career.. Learn more about our Centers -- from Energy and Consumer Arts & Sciences to Business and Manufacturing -- and partner with us today.
Here are the steps in the basic testing procedure and the paths that will be defined by your scores: Step 1: Take the College Readiness Classification tests (CRC) in both Mathematics (20 questions) and ELAR (English Language Arts and Reading—30 questions plus essay). The essay is scored by an automated scoring system.
TSI Study Resources. The following resources may help you prepare to take or re-take the TSI assessments. TSI Study Handout. This printable handout contains testing tips and useful websites that may help you prepare for taking the TSI. Simply click on the QR codes on the page, and it will take you to an ELAR test, Math test, or combination of both.
Both of the TSIA2 ELAR tests (CRC and Diagnostic) devote exactly half of their questions to the area of writing. There are 15 writing questions on the ELAR CRC and 24 on the ELAR Diagnostic test. Our practice question set is sufficient to simulate the actual testing experience, even if you take both of these tests.
Prepare for the Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Assessment Exam with our comprehensive TSI Practice Test 2024 and Study Guide. Our study guide is available in a downloadable PDF format and provides essential preparation materials to help you succeed. Try our free TSI Exam Practice Test online, which includes reading, writing, and mathematics ...
TSI Test Online Prep Course. If you want to be fully prepared, Mometrix offers a comprehensive online TSI prep course. This course is designed to provide you with any and every resource you may need while studying. The TSI course includes: 120 Lessons Covering Every Topic. Over 1,250 TSI Practice Questions. 220+ Video Tutorials.
Endothelial dysfunction decreases exercise limb blood flow (BF) and muscle oxygenation. Acute L-Citrulline supplementation (CIT) improves muscle tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) during exercise. Although CIT improves endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) in hypertensive women, the impact of CIT on exercise BF and muscle oxygenation (TSI) and ...
Writing-Focused: Ability to revise and edit sentences, paragraphs, and essays. The essay will also appear on this ELAR section. You can practice for the essay by visiting our TSI essay page. There is a College Readiness Classification (CRC) Test and a Diagnostic Test: College Readiness Classification (CRC) ELAR Test: Questions: 30; Time Limit ...