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Month 1: what to expect, month 2+: what's next, quality control & manufacturing, subscriptions & shipping + orders, health & safety.

What are nootropics, and how do they work?

Nootropics are a class of compounds that enhance cognitive function by helping to promote neurotransmitter activity to support motivation, mood, memory, and focus. Some of the most widely consumed nootropics are caffeine and L-theanine, found in coffee and tea. Whether you’re looking to enhance your productivity, maintain mental sharpness, or improve working memory, nootropics can offer a range of benefits to support your cognitive goals.

What is personalized about your nootropics?

We developed six unique nootropic blends designed to cater to different cognitive goals. Our quiz assesses various traits to pinpoint areas with the greatest potential for improvement (e.g., focus, energy, motivation, etc.). Based on your quiz results, we make personalized recommendations to match you with the four blends we think you’ll experience the most benefits from. The Starter Kit contains four blends, designed for you to try a new blend each week, moving you closer to the blend that best complements your personal brain and goals.

Can I select my blends instead of getting a Starter Kit?

Yes. If you have a clear idea of which blend(s) you want to try, you can customize your next refill on the Build Your Box page. If you already took the quiz and want to adjust your blends but the order has already been processed, contact us right away at 646-647-3599 or email us at [email protected] so we can help.

Do you offer caffeine-free blends?

Yes! You can choose to receive a caffeine-free version by selecting the Caffeine-free toggle on the Build Your Box page. If you would like to make adjustments to your blends after taking the quiz, please email us at [email protected] so we can update your order to caffeine or caffeine-free. If you’ve already received the caffeinated blends and do not want the caffeine, you can simply remove the white capsule from each packet, which contains all the caffeine content within each blend.

Where can I find more information on each ingredient?

If you want to learn more about the science behind each ingredient, check out the Ingredients page on our website. To discuss the function or science behind our ingredients, speak with any of our Coaches by calling us at 646-647-3599 or emailing us at [email protected].

Can I open the capsules and pour them into water?

You can — but we don’t recommend it. We encapsulate the ingredients because they have a strong, unpleasant taste. If you have a hard time swallowing capsules, it is perfectly safe to mix the contents into a smoothie, juice, or flavored drink to help mask the taste.

I want to try before I buy. Do you offer free samples?

We don’t offer free samples. However, if you aren’t happy with Thesis, we will offer a refund within 30 days of your first delivery.

How does the Starter Kit work?

The Thesis Starter Kit introduces you to four unique blends, each designed to be tested over one week, helping you discover which blend best aligns with your neurochemistry and goals. You can begin your Starter Kit journey with any blend. Start by taking one full packet each morning for six consecutive days, followed by one day off, before moving on to the next blend. It's important to monitor how each blend affects you, tracking changes across traits like memory, alertness, mood, and productivity. At the end of the four weeks, the goal is to identify the one or two blends that benefited you the most. For subscriptions, remember to customize your next box through your Thesis Account before your next shipment. If you opted for a one-time purchase, you can select your preferred blends for your next order by visiting the Build Your Box page.

Should I take Thesis blends with food or on an empty stomach?

We recommend taking Thesis blends on an empty stomach to maximize the effects and absorption of the ingredients. However, if you have a sensitive stomach, your blends can be taken with a meal or light snack to make them more tolerable.

Can I still drink coffee?

Yes. For most Thesis users, you can continue to enjoy coffee even if you’re taking our caffeinated blends. Keep in mind, that our caffeinated blends contain 100 mg of caffeine and 200 mg of L-theanine, which is roughly equivalent to a cup of coffee, so depending on your sensitivity, you may want to monitor your total caffeine intake. Many Thesis users have even reported that their coffee consumption has gone down and become less reliant on coffee to energize them throughout the day. If you’ve received the caffeinated Thesis blends and do not want the additional caffeine, you can simply remove the white capsule from each packet, which contains all caffeine content within each blend.

How long until I start seeing results?

Many Thesis users will begin to notice the initial effects within 60 to 90 minutes after taking it. But depending on your body's metabolism and your familiarity with nootropics, it could take a few days of consistent use for the full effects to ramp up. So, patience is key! For long-term improvements in cognitive performance, consistent use is crucial. Once you've found the blend that best suits your brain chemistry, give it about 4-6 weeks to gauge the true changes and benefits.

Are there any known side effects?

Experiencing side effects like headaches, nausea, anxiety, or agitation can occur. If discomfort arises it's important to listen to your body; this could mean adjusting the dosage, spacing out the intake, or switching to another blend. Identifying what doesn't work is just as important as finding what does. It’s important to remember that everyone responds differently to supplements, so we recommend you discuss any effects you may experience with your doctor. If you would like more information, contact us at 646-647-3599 or email us at [email protected] to speak with one of our Thesis Coaches.

What happens if I don’t like one or more of my blends?

Discovering that a blend isn't right for you is normal and a positive step forward! It's all part of the optimization process to help you pinpoint the nootropic blend(s) that best enhances your cognitive function. If you aren’t noticing any effects from a blend after taking it for six consecutive days, it's a sign to adjust your selection for the next month. If you need more guidance on assessing the effectiveness of each blend, our Thesis Coaches can provide recommendations and tools to make this process easier. Give us a call at 646-647-3599 or send us an email to [email protected].

Do I need to take all of the capsules in a packet?

While the capsules in each packet are based on dosages shown to be effective, we understand that everyone's body reacts differently. The nootropic ingredients are evenly distributed across the brown capsules, allowing you to adjust your dosage by adding or removing these capsules. The white capsule in each packet only contains caffeine and L-theanine, giving you more flexibility on what you need each day. If you’re interested in increasing the dosage beyond the recommended capsules in each packet, please consult with one of our Coaches by calling us at 646-647-3599 or emailing us at [email protected].

I finished my Starter Kit. What do I do now?

Congrats! Finishing your Starter Kit is a significant milestone towards helping to improve your cognitive performance. The next step is selecting the one or two blends that benefited you the most, even if the changes were subtle. Now, you can start fine-tuning your experience, using your blends based on what you need that day (e.g., mental clarity, energy, motivation, and so on). During the second month, continue to pay attention to the changes in your cognitive performance and well-being. Before long, you'll find yourself settling into a rhythm that feels right.

Can I try the blends that were not included in my Starter Kit?

Absolutely! We have six unique nootropic blends, so if you’re interested in trying the remaining blends that weren’t in your Starter Kit, we encourage you to keep experimenting. If you choose to go with a new blend, the same recommendations apply: use the blend for six consecutive days to allow your brain and body to adapt to these new ingredients before determining its effect.

How often should I take my blends?

Thesis is designed for daily use–with intentional rest days built in. Incorporating 1-2 days off per week can prevent building up a tolerance to your blends and allows you to reassess your baseline. If you have a very busy week, you can take your blends all seven days; just adjust for next week by taking two rest days.

What happens if I take more than the recommended dose?

Although our blends were formulated to be taken once daily, we understand some days require extra support. If you need to extend past the typical 4-6 hour half-life, taking a second packet four hours after the first is safe. Of course, everybody responds to supplements differently, so please listen to your body. Please don’t exceed two packets in any 24-hour period. Additionally, be mindful of taking a packet within eight hours of your planned bedtime as disturbing your sleep is counterproductive to your cognitive health.

Can I take more than 1 blend per day?

Yes. While Thesis aims to identify your single optimal blend, we know for some, two blends might be needed to cater to different requirements throughout the day. If you choose to take two blends in a day, we recommend spacing them at least four hours apart to prevent any potential interactions or absorption issues. For personalized advice on combining blends safely and effectively, please speak with one of our Coaches who can help tailor recommendations to your specific needs and goals.

What are the long-term effects?

In clinical trials, none of our ingredients show negative long-term effects. Many nootropics become more effective over time due to the compounding effects on brain health and the structural integrity of neurons. Early research studying the long-term effects of certain nootropics ingredients shows improvement in cognitive traits like memory retention, cognitive flexibility, and focus following persistent use.

Do benefits continue even after I stop taking my blends?

One of the remarkable benefits of nootropics is the neuroprotective effects that promote the long-term health of our brains. For example, by increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the brain, nootropics promote adaptability to improve traits such as attention, learning, and emotional regulation–when paired with deliberate effort, such as challenging yourself with complex puzzles, practicing a skill, or trying to remember information without looking it up. For a comprehensive overview of our ingredients, their respective benefits, and the latest clinical research, please visit the Ingredients page on our website.

Will I become reliant on taking my blends?

No, you won’t develop a dependency on any of our blends. Because nootropics are non-habit-forming compounds, you have the flexibility to pause or stop taking them without experiencing unwanted side effects.

Where do you source your ingredients from?

Our ingredients are globally sourced to ensure we're using the best available, but all our products are manufactured right here in the U.S. We utilize a combination of natural and synthetic ingredients for consistency and control, like our lab-created caffeine, which reduces batch variability.

How do you test for purity and potency?

To guarantee each blend meets our high standards for purity and potency, we conduct regular third-party lab testing. Unlike many supplement brands, our blends contain minimal fillers and always use the most bioavailable form of active ingredients.

Do you have third-party testing?

We rely on third-party labs for detailed testing to ensure each ingredient and finished product matches our standards for concentration and purity. All of our products go through rigorous quality control testing, as well as batch-specific COAs (Certificate of Analysis) for all raw ingredients and finished goods, emphasizing our commitment to consistency and safety.

What is the shelf-life of your blends and how should they be stored?

Our blends have a two-year shelf life and maintain their efficacy when stored at room temperature.

Are your ingredients allergen-free and/or vegan?

All our ingredients are vegan and free from gluten, eggs, and nuts. While our manufacturing process is designed to minimize any cross-contamination, our facilities process other products, so we cannot offer certified vegan or gluten-free guarantees.

Are your blends FDA-approved?

In accordance with manufacturing practices in the United States, dietary supplements do not go through pre-market FDA approval. Thesis follows current Good Manufacturing Processes (cGMP), which are maintained by the FDA to ensure proper supplement manufacturing. FDA regulates everything from raw material selection to product safety to labeling. All of our ingredients are classified by the FDA as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) or have undergone phase III clinical trials, which both establish measures of safety.

How does my subscription work?

At checkout, you have the option of selecting the subscription model priced at $79 or opting for a one-time purchase for $119. By selecting the subscription option, a new order will be shipped to your address every 28 days unless any adjustments have been made to your subscription in your Thesis Account . You can select or update your blends or reschedule your next order if you're traveling or have simply fallen behind on taking them and have a surplus of packets.

Can I pause my subscription?

We can't pause a subscription in perpetuity, but you can reschedule your next order to any date in the future. You can manage your subscription and delivery schedule by logging into your Thesis Account .

Can I cancel my subscription?

You have full control of your subscription with Thesis and can cancel at any point before your next order has been processed. You can do this by logging into your Thesis Account , selecting "Manage Subscription” in the “My Subscription” tab, and scrolling to the bottom of the page.

Do you offer refunds or returns?

Yes. If you are not 100% satisfied with your purchase, you may request a refund within 30 days of delivery of your first order. We’ll refund you for the full cost of the product, including shipping. Refunds apply to your first order only. For subsequent orders, you may reschedule, skip, or cancel at any time in your Thesis Account . If you have issues with subsequent orders, please contact us at [email protected], let us know what happened and we’ll see what we can do.

What are your shipping delivery times?

Once your order has been placed, our team will work on getting your order ready within 1-2 business days–excluding holidays and weekends. The estimated delivery window is between 3-7 business days. Expedited shipping methods are available for one-time purchases on our website, however, if you’re a Thesis subscriber and would like an expedited shipment, please email us at [email protected] or call 646-647-3599. For all standard and expedited shipping methods, orders placed on Friday after 12 PM ET will be processed on Monday to ship.

How can I track my order?

By logging into your Thesis Account and navigating to the Order History tab, you’ll be able to track your order by clicking on the order number. If you’re experiencing issues finding the tracking information, please contact us at [email protected] with your order number.

Why hasn’t my order tracking updated?

Movement on your tracking link can take up to 24 hours to update. If you continue to see no movement after 24 hours please contact us at [email protected] with your order number and we will look into it further.

Why does the DHL tracking show a different date from USPS tracking?

DHL tracking updates are based on USPS updates. In some cases, the DHL tracking will show a later delivery date initially and then update once USPS has a more accurate estimate. Additionally, DHL hands off the package to USPS in the last leg of delivery, so when this happens your order is often delivered within a couple of days.

Why does my tracking link show it was delivered, but I didn’t receive it?

Please check in and around your mailbox, or check with your neighbors to see if the package was mistakenly delivered to them. If you still can’t locate your package after 48 hours, please contact us at [email protected].

Do you ship internationally?

Due to complexities with various customs regulations, we don’t currently ship internationally. We do, however, ship to all 50 U.S. states and the five major territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands).

Can I change my shipping address after placing my order?

We’ll do our best to make any updates to your order before it has left our fulfillment center. The fastest way to contact us is by calling 646-647-3599 between 10 am - 5 pm ET or sending us an email at [email protected], with your order number, original shipping address, and the new address you wish to change to.

Can I take Thesis while on antidepressants, stimulants, and non-stimulant medications?

Psychopharmaceutical medications, including antidepressants, stimulants, and non-stimulants, may interact with ingredients in Thesis, potentially leading to adverse or combinatorial effects. It’s important to speak with your primary medical provider before starting any new supplement or altering any course of medication. They will be able to provide the best advice regarding the safety of adding Thesis to your routine.

Are there any pre-existing conditions that make someone ineligible to take Thesis?

You should consult your primary medical provider before taking Thesis blends, especially if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, are breastfeeding, or have a history of any of the following: high blood pressure, heart disease, chest pains, stroke, seizures, high cholesterol, obesity, psychiatric conditions, if you smoke, or have a health problem that could be made worse by a change in diet or supplement routine.

Does Thesis replace my ADHD medication?

Our blends and many stimulant or non-stimulant medications will impact the same neurochemical systems (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin) involved in mood, attention, energy, and focus. While Thesis may support cognitive function, it is not designed to treat, cure, or replace medication for ADHD or any other medical condition. Discuss with your healthcare provider for guidance tailored to your health needs.

Can I take Thesis if I’m under 18?

Our product is one of the most comprehensive nootropics systems on the market and our ingredients are backed by hundreds of clinical research papers. Unfortunately, the research conducted on these ingredients did not include participants who were under the age of 18. We advise against children taking our product and encourage you to consult a pediatric healthcare provider for advice tailored to minors.

Is it safe to take if I’m pregnant or breastfeeding?

Our product is one of the most comprehensive nootropics systems on the market and our ingredients are backed by hundreds of clinical research papers. Unfortunately, the research conducted on these ingredients did not include participants who were pregnant, nursing, or breastfeeding. For that reason, you should always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement to ensure it is safe for you and your baby.

Can I use my HSA or FSA account to pay for Thesis?

Most FSA and HSA programs will cover the cost of prescription medication; however, since our supplements do not fall into the prescription category, you may not be eligible for reimbursement through your FSA or HSA program. Consult your HSA or FSA plan administrator to confirm which types of supplements, if any, are eligible for reimbursement under your specific plan.

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Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs

Associated data.

Not applicable.

Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” are a diverse group of medicinal substances whose action improves human thinking, learning, and memory, especially in cases where these functions are impaired. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the potential effectiveness and importance of nootropics. Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup of nootropics contains several main representatives, and for each one, its uses, indications, experimental treatments, dosage, and possible side effects and contraindications are discussed. For the nootropic plant extracts, there is also a brief description of each plant representative, its occurrence, history, and chemical composition of the medicinal part. Lastly, specific recommendations regarding the use of nootropics by both ill and healthy individuals are summarized.

1. Introduction

At one time or another, everyone has dreamed of becoming more intelligent, learning more things in less time, thinking and reacting faster, and having a better memory. There are compounds currently available on the market that promise various combinations of the benefits mentioned above. This group of substances is known as the nootropics [ 1 ]. Although these substances are more effective in cases where cognitive functions are obviously impaired, they are of interest to healthy individuals because of their ability to increase intelligence and improve memory [ 2 ]. The vast majority of these substances are of natural origin [ 3 ], not subject to prescription, and can usually be easily obtained in the form of food supplements or herbal extracts. Their availability in synthetic form is somewhat limited and some preparations do require a valid prescription to obtain them. Nootropics tend to be well tolerated in patients with cognitive impairments; the incidence of side effects is low, and those that do occur are usually mild [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Most nootropics do not have an immediate effect after a single dose, and therefore long-term use is necessary to achieve the desired results [ 7 ]. However, their long-term effects on healthy individuals are still unknown [ 8 ].

This literature review provides an overview of the potential importance of nootropics, their types, use, dosage, and side effects. Original research articles, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were included in our investigation and relevant animal studies were also considered. We did not limit our review to specific results, but focused on providing an up-to-date overview of readily available substances, primarily over-the-counter, either as food supplements or medications, that are also used by healthy people such as students. We tried to include all the currently popular “smart drugs.” Illegal drugs and drugs with a primarily non-nootropic function, such as stimulants, vitamins, etc., were not included. There have been few studies on healthy young individuals, so we tried to describe the effects of these substances also on individuals whose cognitive functions were impaired. Lastly, we summarized their potential effectiveness with recommendations for use.

2. What Are Nootropics?

Nootropics, also known as “smart drugs” in English language journals [ 2 ], are a heterogeneous group of compounds [ 9 ]. The term “nootropic” was first used by Cornelius E. Giurgea in 1972/1973 [ 10 , 11 ] to describe substances that primarily activate cognitive functions, such as memory and learning, especially in situations where these functions are impaired [ 1 ]. In a sense, they interfere with the metabolism of neuronal cells of the central nervous system (CNS) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The name consists of two Greek words: nöos , which means thinking, and tropein , which means to guide [ 10 , 11 ]. There is no uniform approach to categorizing these compounds. Some authors distinguish between classical nootropics and substances that enhance brain metabolism, while others combine these two groups, or use the term cognitive effect rather than nootropic [ 15 ].

2.1. Mechanisms of Action

Nootropics do not act directly by releasing neurotransmitters or as receptor ligands [ 16 ], but improve the brain’s supply of glucose and oxygen, have antihypoxic effects, and protect brain tissue from neurotoxicity [ 9 , 17 ]. They also positively affect neuronal protein and nucleic acid synthesis and stimulate phospholipid metabolism in neurohormonal membranes [ 18 , 19 ]. Some nootropics have been found to affect the elimination of oxygen free radicals, possess an anti-aggregation effect, and improve erythrocyte plasticity. This improves the rheological properties of the blood and improves blood flow to the brain [ 3 , 20 , 21 ]. These substances are metabolically active, but most nootropics show no immediate effects after a single dose, requiring an extended period of use to produce results. They need to be able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier to improve brain metabolism and long-term use is necessary to achieve stable changes [ 7 ].

2.2. Indications

Nootropics are used in acute or subacute conditions for treating memory, consciousness, and learning disorders [ 22 ]. They are recommended for incipient brain damage, which manifests with memory loss, mental retardation, and qualitative changes in consciousness. This condition is referred to as acute psychoorganic syndrome (POS). It is usually reversible, but it can progress to dementia in some cases. Acute POS can be caused by brain trauma, infection, stroke, or intoxication (alcohol, drugs with central anticholinergic effect, or carbon monoxide). Delirium tremens also belong to the POS group [ 23 ].

Other indications may include chronic disorders of cognitive functions such as mental retardation or memory impairment [ 22 ]. Nootropics are given relatively often in these cases, but their benefit, especially in more severe dementia, is questionable. They seem to be more effective in patients with mild cognitive disorders or the so-called benign senescent forgetting when there is only a slowing down of brain function without the development of dementia [ 24 , 25 ]. Nootropics are sometimes used for attention and memory disorders due to fatigue and exhaustion [ 26 , 27 ]. They are also used by children with minimal brain dysfunction syndrome [ 28 , 29 ] and patients with encephalopathy [ 30 ], and their effect on myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome) has also been tested [ 31 ]. As cognitive enhancers, nootropics are administered to patients who have Alzheimer’s disease [ 3 , 32 ], schizophrenia [ 33 ], hyperkinetic disorder [ 34 , 35 ], or senile dementia [ 15 , 24 , 25 ].

2.3. Nootropic Treatment

Nootropics are usually very well tolerated. Their efficacy depends on the size of the dose, and in practice, administering too low a dose is a common mistake. Treatment should be continued for at least 2–3 weeks after the disturbance of consciousness has disappeared [ 10 ]. A clinical scale has been developed to assess the depth and duration of impaired consciousness. Three aspects of behavior, such as motor response, verbal performance, and eye-opening, are measured independently. These are recorded and consistently evaluated according to the chart [ 36 ]. Side effects of nootropics are uncommon and are rarely serious. In addition to individual intolerance, an increase in activity in the undesired direction, a sleep disorder, or an increase in libido may occasionally occur [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Nootropics are contraindicated in hypersensitivity, pregnancy, and lactation [ 6 ].

2.4. Use by Students

Nootropics, thanks to their alleged ability to increase intelligence and improve memory and cognitive functions, attract the attention of university students in particular. They are known among them as ‘smart drugs’ [ 8 , 37 ]. Because most nootropics are of natural origin, students can obtain them as food supplements or as drugs that do not require a prescription [ 3 ], and, like many other substances and drugs, nootropics are increasingly available on the Internet. However, the use of nootropics by healthy individuals is of great concern due to the lack of clinical evidence regarding their efficacy, safety, and social consequences, especially in long-term use [ 2 , 8 ].

2.5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural vs. Synthetic Nootropics

The indisputable advantage of natural origin drugs from several plant organs (flower, leaf, root, etc.), is that they can have a greater variety of potentially beneficial pharmaceutical effects. This is due to the diverse composition of substances in a herbal drug that can have synergistic or additive effects [ 38 ]. Natural nootropics also usually have lower toxicity, which reduces the possibility of harm from an overdose. However, some compounds can reduce the pharmaceutical activity of other compounds [ 39 ]. Higher doses of such a herbal drug are needed to achieve the desired effect, which is why plant extracts are often used. There is also a problem in the case of storage or possible falsification and verification of the authenticity [ 40 , 41 ]. The advantages of synthetic compounds are their pharmaceutical purity, specificity of action, and a possible increase in their effect by modification of the chemical structure [ 42 ]. They usually are active at lower dosages, but this entails a greater risk of overdose [ 43 ].

3. Classical Nootropic Compounds

3.1. deanol (dmae).

The chemical name is 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol and the chemical structure is shown in Figure 1 [ 44 ]. The compound is physiologically present in the human brain. Deanol is commonly marketed as a natural dietary supplement. Many nutritional supplements contain DMAE in the form of the salt of tartaric acid (bitartrate salt). Small amounts can also be obtained from eating fish, especially salmon and shellfish. Deanol is a choline precursor that allows the brain to optimize the production of acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory [ 45 ].

Chemical structure of deanol.

Dimethylaminoethanol pyroglutamate increased choline and acetylcholine extracellular levels in the brain’s prefrontal cortex in vivo in rat experiments. It further improved spatial memory and reduced scopolamine-induced memory deficits [ 46 ]. Dimethylaminoethanol cyclohexyl carboxylate fumarate significantly enhanced working memory performance in rats in the radial arm maze [ 47 ].

According to an electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis, supplements combining vitamins and minerals with compounds containing DMAE in humans for three months showed increased alertness, attention, and overall mood improvement [ 48 ]. DMAE also improved sleep quality and was able to induce lucid dreams [ 49 ]. Its administration has been tested in child hyperkinetic syndrome [ 50 ] and minimal brain dysfunction syndrome [ 51 ].

The daily dosage should be 500–2000 mg in the form of DMAE bitartrate [ 52 , 53 ]. It is contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, and in patients with schizophrenia [ 50 ].

3.2. Meclofenoxate

The meclofenoxate molecule consists of two parts ( Figure 2 ). The first part is a synthetic auxin, a 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid similar to the natural auxin indoleacetic acid found in plant cells and which acts to exchange carbohydrates. The second part of the molecule consists of the already mentioned 2-(dimethylamino)ethan-1-ol or deanol [ 44 ].

Chemical structure of meclofenoxate.

Meclofenoxate is well absorbed when administered parenterally. It dramatically increased CNS choline levels in vivo (in rats). In the hippocampus, this increase in choline was also accompanied by an increased level of acetylcholine. Thus, its effects on choline and acetylcholine levels in the brain are similar to those of deanol but appear to be about twice as effective [ 54 ]. Oral administration of meclofenoxate to rats (100 mg/kg, daily for 37 days) significantly improved memory impairment, and reduced neuronal damage, proinflammatory mediator levels, and oxidative stress to normal levels. The ability to alleviate memory deficits and neuronal damage may benefit cerebrovascular dementia [ 55 ]. The RNA-Seq study of brain tissues of Nothobranchius guentheri, which received meclofenoxate for almost a lifetime, concluded that while meclofenoxate compensated for age-dependent downregulation of neuronal activity genes, its effect on the aging brain transcriptome still could not be considered unequivocally positive [ 56 ].

In a double-blind study, meclofenoxate also increased mental alertness and consolidation of new information into long-term memory in elderly people [ 57 ]. It may be a useful therapeutic tool for potentiating depressed cholinergic neurons and treating neuroleptic-induced dyskinesias [ 58 ]. Meclofenoxate improves the status of qualitatively altered consciousness, has an antihypoxic effect, and is used to mitigate the overall slowdown in speech, thinking, and mental activity caused by CNS intoxication and injury. It has also been tested for treating Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia [ 59 ].

The daily dose should be 500–2000 mg [ 58 ]. Meclofenoxate is deemed to be safe and tolerable. Possible side effects are often caused by overdose, including dizziness, restlessness, nausea, and headache [ 58 , 60 ].

3.3. Nicergoline

Nicergoline is an ergot alkaloid, also known as nicergoline ( Figure 3 ) that has been clinically used since 1970. Nicergoline was initially developed as a vasodilator prescribed for cerebrovascular disorders. It is currently used clinically to treat syndromes of vascular or degenerative origin characterized by cognitive impairment with decreased intellect, and affective, behavioral, and somatic disorders. Specifically, it is used for memory loss, reduced alertness, concentration ability, mood swings, dizziness, fatigue, and vestibular and cochlear disorders [ 61 , 62 ].

Chemical structure of nicergoline.

Nicergoline has a wide range of effects. It protected cultured neurons from β-amyloid toxicity in vitro [ 63 ]. Nicergoline has been shown to be an effective drug for preventing neuronal vulnerability due to experimentally induced nerve growth factor deprivation and improved the function of cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in rats in vivo [ 64 ]. It acted as an antagonist of α 1 -adrenoceptors [ 65 ], increased arterial blood circulation [ 66 ], inhibited platelet aggregation, supported metabolic activity (resulting in increased oxygen and glucose utilization), and had neurotrophic and antioxidant properties in rats in vivo [ 67 ]. Nicergoline also showed an improving effect on cognitive function in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease [ 68 ].

Nicergoline induced vasodilation and increased cerebral blood flow [ 69 ]. Its efficacy has also been demonstrated in patients with vascular dementia [ 70 ]. Nicergoline showed a comprehensive positive effect on different levels of cerebral, systemic, and cardiac hemodynamics in ischemic stroke patients [ 71 ]. According to an electroencephalogram/event-related potential (EEG/ERP) mapping study, in patients with multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, nicergoline improved alertness and information processing at the neurophysiological level, which led to clinical improvement at the behavioral level in both degenerative and vascular dementia [ 72 ].

The daily dose should be 30–60 mg [ 62 ]. Side effects are rare and usually include nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, fainting, and headache [ 73 , 74 ]. Due to the lack of experience with nicergoline in pregnant women, it is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation [ 74 ].

3.4. Piracetam

The chemical name of piracetam is 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide ( Figure 4 ). It is a cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetamide. Piracetam is thought to act on brain neurotransmission through modulation of ion channels (Ca 2+ and K + ), leading to nonspecifically increased neuronal excitability [ 75 ].

Chemical structure of piracetam.

It enhanced the function of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine via muscarinic receptors [ 76 ], and affected N -methyl- D -aspartate receptors in rat models in vivo, increasing cell membrane permeability [ 77 ]. Piracetam has also been found to increase oxygen consumption in the brain and, in connection with adenosine triphosphate metabolism, it increased adenylate kinase activity in vivo in the rat brain [ 78 ]. It appears to increase the synthesis of cytochrome b 5 [ 79 ], which is involved in the mechanism of electron transport in mitochondria, where it also increases permeability. It alleviated the intensity of hypoxia-induced nerve cell damage, improved interhemispheric transmission, and increased glucose metabolism in the rat brain [ 80 ]. Piracetam has been tested for stroke, unconsciousness, treatment of withdrawal symptoms from alcoholism, and prevention of alcohol-induced hypoxia [ 81 , 82 ]. It also improved brain function in rat models affected by xenobiotics [ 83 ].

In addition to the metabolic effect on brain tissue, piracetam enhances erythrocyte plasticity and consequent brain perfusion [ 84 ]. It was used clinically for the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic cognitive and mental dysfunction, and to improve learning and memory functions in developmental dyslexia in children patients [ 85 ]. Piracetam has also been tested for treating Alzheimer’s disease [ 86 ] and combined with lecithin [ 87 ], but unfortunately without significant benefit in patients. The structural analogues of piracetam are oxiracetam, pramiracetam, etiracetam, nefiracetam, and aniracetam. These compounds act similarly to piracetam, but with varying efficacy [ 42 , 75 ]. According to the assessment of the effectiveness of nefiracetam on higher brain functions in terms of time and space using electric field distribution of the scalp map and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography for evoked potentials and spontaneous EEG with eyes closed, the Gottfries-Brane-Steen scale showed significant improvement. However, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hasegawa Dementia Scale, and the Kohs block test showed no improvement. These results suggest that nefiracetam has some benefits in patients with vascular dementia [ 88 ].

The effective dose of piracetam as an infusion for acute treatment is 4–8 g per day. The maintenance dose is usually about 2–4 g/day, adjusted based on kidney function. The tolerance of piracetam is excellent with only rare side effects, including insomnia, irritability, increased libido, and sexual function [ 75 , 83 ]. There is insufficient clinical experience with piracetam in pregnancy. Animal studies have not shown teratogenic or other embryotoxic effects, but piracetam should still be used during pregnancy only after carefully weighing the expected benefits against the potential risks. It should not be used during lactation [ 89 ].

3.5. Pyritinol

Additionally known as pyridoxine disulfide or pyrithioxin ( Figure 5 ), pyritinol was synthesized in 1961 by combining two molecules of vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine) via a disulfide bridge. Like pyridoxine, it has different effects on different organ systems; however, the CNS is the primary system in which pyritinol exhibits observable pharmacological effects. Pyritinol crosses the blood–brain barrier and accumulates in gray matter, especially in the hippocampus, cerebral nuclei, cerebellum, and cortex [ 90 ].

Chemical structure of pyritinol.

Animal studies have demonstrated effects on various neurotransmitters [ 91 ]. In vivo assays in rats revealed increased choline acetyltransferase activity, leading to choline accumulation in cholinergic neurons [ 92 ]. Pyritinol plays a supporting role in the recovery of age-related brain deficits. For example, in elderly rats, pyritinol metabolites increased cortical acetylcholine concentration and release, and nucleic acid metabolism in the brain [ 93 ]. Acute or prolonged oral administration of pyritinol reduced formaldehyde-induced nociceptive behavior and tactile allodynia in old diabetic rats. Pyritinol was also able to scavenge oxygen free radicals, thus acting as an antioxidant and improving cerebral circulation [ 94 ]. It also restored the decreased concentration of the primary excitatory neurotransmitter N -methyl- D -aspartate when administered to older mice [ 95 ]. Results of the experiment on rats showed that pyritinol may be helpful in learning and memory disorders caused by malnutrition and deprivation [ 96 ].

A study in healthy human males treated with pyritinol showed performance improvements in response time tests but not in memory tests [ 97 ]. Intramuscular injections of nandrolone decanoate and pyritinol have dramatically affected motor development and learning ability in children with cerebral palsy, without side effects. The combined effects of vinpocetine and pyritinol also improved blood and plasma viscosity in human patients with cerebrovascular disorders [ 98 ]. Due to the status of pyritinol as a dietary supplement in some countries, it can be safely used as an adjunct to any standard treatment of CNS diseases, such as developmental dysphasia and other cognitive disorders, for which current therapeutic options are limited [ 90 ].

No accumulation of the substance was observed, even after repeated oral administration, and toxic concentrations were not reached even in patients with impaired renal function. In practice, underdosing is common. The minimum recommended daily dose is 300 mg, divided into three sub-doses, but the amount taken should be 600 mg or more [ 90 , 97 ]. The common side effects are non-specific rashes, headache, inflammation of the oral mucosa, acute pancreatitis, diarrhea, nausea, and loss of appetite [ 99 , 100 , 101 ]. Pyritinol crosses the placenta, but systemic testing in mice and rats did not show teratogenic or embryotoxic effects. Only minimal amounts of pyritinol are excreted in human milk but a careful evaluation should still be made before dosing during pregnancy and lactation [ 90 , 101 ].

4. Substances Increasing Brain Metabolism

This group of substances exhibits simultaneous nootropic, hemorheological, and vasodilatory effects. Examples include vinpocetine, naftidrofuryl, and dihydroergotoxine, which is a mixture of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ].

4.1. Vinpocetine

Vinpocetine ( Figure 6 ) is a semisynthetic derivative of the vincamine alkaloid that occurs in the lesser periwinkle, Vinca minor [ 107 ].

Chemical structure of vinpocetine.

Experiments ex vivo have shown that vinpocetine acts as a selective inhibitor of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type I [ 21 , 108 ], a potent blocker of voltage-gated sodium channels [ 109 , 110 ], inhibits platelet aggregation, reduces blood viscosity, vasodilates cerebral arteries, and increases cerebral blood flow [ 111 ]. Ex vivo, vinpocetine increased glucose and oxygen consumption through brain tissue and improved brain cell tolerance to hypoxia [ 112 ].

In vitro, vinpocetine interacted with glutamate receptors [ 113 ], shifted glucose metabolism to more energy-efficient aerobic processes, and increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the brain [ 114 ]. Thus, vinpocetine offers significant and direct neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo [ 104 ]. This vasoactive alkaloid has been marketed for several years as an adjunct to vasodilators and nootropics to improve memory [ 115 ]. It is also considered an active substance in treating stroke and other diseases, including circulatory disorders in the brain [ 116 , 117 ].

It is recommended that users take only 2–5 mg for the first time to ensure that they do not have a hypersensitive reaction to it. They can then increase the dose to 10–30 mg daily [ 118 , 119 ], a dose that can cause some side effects, although very rarely, including nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and heartburn [ 120 ]. The use of vinpocetine is contraindicated during lactation and pregnancy [ 121 ].

4.2. Naftidrofuryl

Chemically, naftidrofuryl is a 2-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-3-(2-oxolanyl)propanoic acid ester of 2-(diethylamino)ethanol ( Figure 7 ). Naftidrofuryl is a vasodilator with beneficial rheological effects on the blood and has long been used to treat intermittent claudication to improve walking and provide symptomatic relief [ 103 ].

Chemical structure of naftidrofuryl.

Naftidrofuryl in vitro has shown a regulatory impact on deoxyglucose uptake [ 122 ] and glucose utilization [ 123 ], and it inhibited the hypoxia-induced decrease in ATP levels in fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro [ 124 ]. It inhibited serotonin- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo [ 125 , 126 ].

In mouse brains, it showed an antagonistic effect on 5-HT 2 receptors of vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets and inhibited serotonin-induced contractions in blood vessels [ 127 ]. 5-HT 2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (also called 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Serotonin is important in vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation, leading to atherosclerosis [ 128 ]. Naftidrofuryl was then shown to have antiatherosclerotic effects in various animal models [ 129 , 130 ]. In rats, it also increased the storage of spatial information and showed nootropic effects [ 131 ].

In a double-blind study in human volunteers, naftidrofuryl increased erythrocyte deformability and flow [ 132 ]. The induced reduction in the lactate/pyruvate ratio in healthy human volunteers during exercise suggests that naftidrofuryl increases the efficiency of aerobic metabolism in oxygen-deprived tissues [ 133 ]. It also has a positive effect on the energy metabolism of the neuron. Naftidrofuryl is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [ 134 ], senile dementia [ 135 ], and Alzheimer’s disease [ 136 ].

To treat patients with mild to moderate occlusive peripheral arterial disease, it is recommended that naftidrofuryl be administered orally at a dose of 300 to 600 mg/day in three divided sub-doses, swallowed whole. Naftidrofuryl metabolism may be reduced in elderly patients. Therefore, the dose may need to be lowered for these patients [ 102 , 103 ]. Naftidrofuryl is well tolerated, and side effects occur only rarely. These are usually gastrointestinal problems, but there was a single known case of liver damage [ 137 ].

4.3. Dihydroergotoxine

Dihydroergotoxine ( Figure 8 ) is also known as hydergine or ergoloid mesylate, and is a mixture of the methanesulfonate salts of dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids: dihydroergocornine (DHCO), dihydroergocristine (DHEC), alpha-dihydroergocryptine (α-DHC), and beta-dihydroergocryptine (β-DHC). The drug was developed in the 1940s by Albert Hofmann [ 138 ], and thus, is one of the oldest nootropic drugs still in use. It was initially used against hypertension [ 139 ], but later was found, by chance, to improve mental health when patients with Alzheimer’s disease were treated for hypertension [ 140 , 141 ].

Chemical structures of the methanesulfonate salts comprising dihydroergotoxine. Abbreviations: DHCO, dihydroergocornine; DHEC, dihydroergocristine; α-DHC, alpha-dihydroergocryptine; β-DHC, beta-dihydroergocryptine.

Dihydroergotoxine increased neuronal metabolism, and, in rats, it stimulated local glucose utilization in those parts of the brain related to learning and memory [ 142 ]. A similar effect has been observed in patients aged 74 to 79 years with multi-infarct dementia [ 143 ]. Dihydroergotoxine modulated synaptic neurotransmission in the brains of elderly rats by reducing levels of monoamine oxidase enzymes, which are commonly elevated in aging. Monoamine oxidases degrade neurotransmitters and are essential for normal brain metabolism, but an age-related increase in their activity can deplete catecholamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and adrenaline), which impairs mental function [ 144 , 145 ]. In a rat experiment, hydergine regulated the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the hippocampus [ 146 ] and increased the number of cholinergic receptors [ 147 ]. Furthermore, dihydroergotoxine slowed the release of lipofuscin, which has been associated with the aging process of neurons in old rats [ 148 ]. Hydergine acts as a peripheral and cerebral vasodilator. In monkeys, it increased blood flow and oxygen consumption through the brain [ 149 ].

Dihydroergotoxine also protects the brain against hypoxia. In a double-blind placebo-controlled quantitative EEG and psychometric study, volunteers inhaled a combination of gases simulating high altitude conditions, which caused hypoxia that led to reduced alertness, intellectual function, and performance depending on reaction time. However, after oral administration of hydergine, subjects who were again exposed to the same conditions achieved significantly better results [ 150 ]. It is used mainly in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular and post-traumatic dementias in old age [ 151 , 152 ].

It is non-toxic and relatively safe, with possible side effects including nausea, indigestion, orthostatic hypotension, and blurred vision. It is contraindicated in hypotension, psychosis, and a slow heartbeat. In practice, low dosing is common. The recommended daily dose is up to 6 mg [ 153 ]. The combination with piracetam and xanthine derivatives, which have a bronchodilator and vasodilatory effect, increases the effect of ergot alkaloids [ 154 , 155 ].

5. Cholinergics

Substances belonging to this group usually include acetylcholine precursors or cofactors of its formation. Acetylcholine is the primary mediator in processes related to memory, thinking, counting, and attention. The important representatives of this group include acetyl-L-carnitine, which is a source of acetylcholine precursors, acetyl, choline, lecithin, and pyrrolidine derivatives [ 156 , 157 ]. These substances are classified as cognitive substances that primarily affect cholinergic transmission in the brain rather than nootropics [ 158 ], so only their well-known representative, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), is described in more detail.

Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin)

Phosphatidylcholine ( Figure 9 ) belongs to a group of compounds called phospholipids, which are the main lipid components of cell membranes. A mixture of these phospholipids in oil is referred to as commercial lecithin. The abundant component of lecithin-containing supplements is phosphatidylcholine, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerols. Fatty acids ester-linked to phosphatides are represented in lecithin by palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids [ 159 ]. The primary source of commercial lecithin today is soybean and sunflower oil. Lecithin is also present in egg yolk, liver, whole grain products, and nut kernels [ 160 , 161 ].

Chemical structure of phosphatidylcholine.

The presumed mechanism of action shows choline being slowly released from lecithin as a precursor for acetylcholine synthesis. Although the mechanism of action of lecithin appears to be clear, the results of tests of its effectiveness in clinical trials were less convincing. Results of an in vivo experiment suggested that the administration of phosphatidylcholine to mice in a model of dementia increased acetylcholine concentrations in the brain and improved memory [ 162 ].

In contrast, results from randomized in vivo studies have shown no benefit of lecithin in treating patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease [ 163 ]. The data suggest that a lack of control over the subject’s learning levels may contribute to inconsistent findings. Phosphatidylcholine supplements may not uniformly improve memory, suggesting that the dose and time parameters required to achieve a therapeutic effect may depend on variables intrinsic to individual subjects. Students that have subnormal endogenous choline levels, may see a greater increase from phosphatidylcholine supplements, resulting in a measurable improvement in explicit memory, compared to healthy subjects with normal endogenous choline levels [ 164 ].

Many signs of aging are probably related to the fact that the older a person is, the higher the concentration of lecithin in the blood is needed to produce a good effect. The recommended dose of lecithin for prevention is 1200 mg three times a day. In patients, the amount should be 10–15 g/day or higher [ 160 ].

6. Plants and Their Extracts with Nootropic Effects

Pharmaceutical companies invest vast sums of money in discovering substances that could be used in the future to alleviate or treat mental disorders affecting people worldwide. The potential beneficial substances from plants, known as phytochemicals, are still being explored. Several species of plants have been selected for testing as nootropic agents because of their use in traditional medicine, and research has already identified several promising natural substances that could act as cognitive enhancers ( Table 1 ) [ 3 , 165 , 166 ].

Phytochemicals with potential nootropic effect.

1 Heterogenous group of chemical compounds.

6.1. Herbal Drug Plant Collection

Despite the continuous improvement in the production of synthetic drugs, herbal compounds still have considerable use, but the important ones come from commercial plantings. The consumption of popular species is high, and it is impossible to cover it only by collecting wild plants. Bred varieties generally provide higher yields and reduce the risk of confusion or falsification [ 40 , 41 ]. Nowadays, the collector often encounters difficulties that were not present before, such as chemical damage or contamination of the growing plants [ 167 ]. The composition and total content of complex active constituents are variable during plant development and vegetative growth. Choosing a suitable period for harvesting or collecting is essential. Plants should not be harvested in humid or rainy weather, but only when dry. During harvesting, the plants must not be damaged because breaking the leaves sometimes affects the active compounds in an undesirable manner. Many compounds, such as vitamin C or tannins, can also react with metals. Therefore, if possible, the plants or parts are collected in their entirety. The leaves and stems are usually harvested just before flowering or during flowering. The flowers are harvested shortly before full development, but some may still be in the bud stage. The fruits and seeds are harvested at the time of full ripeness. For roots and rhizomes, the suitable period is the developmental dormancy of the plant, which is usually autumn or spring. The bark is harvested in the temperate zone at the beginning of vegetative growth in early spring, or, in the tropics, throughout the year [ 168 , 169 ].

6.2. Plant Material Processing

The extraction of plant material to produce an effective drug usually involves many technical steps. Contaminants on aboveground parts can be removed by sieving or winnowing, while underground organs are decontaminated by washing and brushing. The common method of preservation continues to be drying, preceded by fermentation in some cases. By removing water, enzymes are inactivated, and the growth of fungi and bacteria is limited [ 170 , 171 ]. Most plants should be dried in the shade, and the temperature should not exceed a specific limit. For plants containing volatile essential oils, this limit is 40 °C [ 172 , 173 ]. Freeze-drying or lyophilization is also frequently used. For this method, fresh plant material is rapidly frozen at a temperature of −20 °C to −50 °C and then dried under a high vacuum. However, in some cases, freeze-drying imperfectly preserves important classes of medicinal compounds such as phenolics and volatile substances, reducing the effectiveness of some plant drugs. Additionally, the material dried in this way is very hygroscopic [ 174 , 175 ]. Freeze-dried drugs have to be stored away from moisture, as well as dust, insects, and light [ 172 , 173 ]. The drug is usually processed or cut after drying. Active compounds are used either directly in the form of medicinal products or indirectly as raw materials to obtain active compounds, which become part of medicinal products. Medicinal products produced directly from drugs can be in the form of tea for water infusion, granules, tablets, extracts, and divided or undivided powders. Active compounds are obtained from herbal materials often by extraction (alkaloids, glycosides), distillation (essential oils), or pressing (oils, fats) [ 176 , 177 ].

6.3. Specific Plant Species

6.3.1. ginseng ( panax ginseng ).

As a drug, ginseng is prepared in two different ways, which affect the content of active components and the degree of medicinal effects. It can be modified either by peeling and drying the root, after which it is called white ginseng, or the root can be steamed without peeling when it is referred to as the “hotter” red ginseng [ 215 ].

Ginsenosides have been shown to stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production in several systems. Purified ginsenoside Rb 1 induced NO production in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. The effect on the NO pathway is responsible for ginseng’s vasorelaxant and mildly hypotensive effect [ 182 ].

Ginseng increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in rats in vivo. Thus, supplementation may prevent increased oxidant accumulation and age-related oxidative protein and nucleic acid damage [ 178 ]. Experimental data from tests on male chicks suggest that Rb 1 may improve memory for the task of visual discrimination and that the nootropic effect may be associated with changes in anxiety [ 179 ]. Ginsenoside Rb 1 also reduced simulated Alzheimer’s disease in a rat model. Thus, it could be used in the future as a therapeutic agent for patients with memory impairment [ 180 ]. Ginsenoside Rg 1 supplementation improved the performance of old mice in the behavioral test, significantly increasing the expression of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, including synaptophysin and N -methyl- D -aspartate receptor subunit 1 [ 181 ]. Oral administration of a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng extracts improved memory in rats. Data on test drug effects suggested the involvement of a serotonergic transporter as an important neurochemical correlate of rat behavior and memory effects of study drugs [ 216 ].

Ginseng’s effect on the human body can be described as adaptogenic. It increased the physical and mental resilience of the organism, eliminated fatigue, and helped the body to adapt to any current needs [ 217 ]. It is recommended to use a standardized ginseng extract at a dose of 200 mg per day ginseng for an extended period of time. Standardization refers to the content of ginsenosides, which usually ranges from 1.5 to 7 percent. Alternatively, 0.5 to 2 g of dry root per day is recommended, with ginseng taken in tea or chewed [ 218 ]. Ginseng is contraindicated in patients with acute asthma and hypertension. In large doses, it can cause excessive body stimulation, restlessness, insomnia, increased blood pressure, nervousness, inability to concentrate, headaches, and nosebleeds [ 218 , 219 ].

6.3.2. Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba )

The leaves and ripe fruit are harvested from spring to early autumn. Leaves are used to make alcohol extracts (tinctures) or dried and ground [ 220 ]. Hulled and roasted ginkgo kernels are also consumed [ 221 ]. Mechanisms of action of Ginkgo biloba compounds include free radical scavenging for antioxidant activity, antagonistic effects on platelet-activating factor, vasodilation, and an overall reduction in blood viscosity [ 183 , 187 ].

Results of an ex vivo rat experiment showed that Ginkgo biloba extract had specific neuroprotective effects that may be useful in treating chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The extract’s pharmacological mechanism involved modulating inflammatory mediators and the cholinergic system [ 184 ]. The triterpene lactones (ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide) in the Ginkgo biloba extract have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, in an experiment on mice, the extract had an antagonistic effect on glycine and GABA type A receptors [ 185 ].

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which participants received validated neuropsychological tests before and after treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract indicated significant improvement in working memory and information processing speed [ 186 ]. In contrast, a critical review of the evidence from several randomized clinical trials did not provide convincing evidence that Ginkgo biloba extracts taken either in a single dose or over a long time had a positive effect on any aspect of cognitive performance in healthy human subjects under sixty years of age [ 222 ].

Still, Ginkgo biloba extracts are widely prescribed to treat cerebral dysfunction and neurological disorders. Doses of 120–300 mg of standardized Ginkgo biloba 761 extracts (24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones) per day should be administered [ 183 , 223 , 224 ]. No side effects have been reported at regular doses, but mild stomach irritation and headaches occasionally occur with excessive consumption. It causes blood thinning, so people taking some anticoagulants should not take the drug before surgery [ 219 , 225 ].

6.3.3. Asiatic Pennywort ( Centella asiatica )

Centella’s use in traditional medicine is diverse and varies regionally. In the countries of origin, fresh leaves are consumed as a salad, as part of curry spice mixes, or cooked as a vegetable [ 226 ].

An ethanol extract of C. asiatica mediated protection against amyloid-β-induced aggregated neurotoxicity by modulating the antioxidant defense system in cells in vitro, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels. C. asiatica is a traditional medicinal herb with strong antioxidant activity that reduces amyloid-β deposition in the brain. Amyloid-β is the major component of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This highlights the potential therapeutic and preventive value of C. asiatica in treating Alzheimer’s disease [ 189 ].

The results from in vivo experiments on rats in a maze, monitoring social interactions, locomotor activity, and cage tests, showed that pure asiaticoside, and methanol or ethyl acetate extracts of Centella asiatica had anxiolytic activity. In addition, asiaticoside did not affect locomotor activity, suggesting that this compound does not have sedative effects [ 227 ]. Another in vivo study in mice revealed that a NO modulating mechanism may be involved in the protective effect of Centella asiatica against anxiety caused by sleep deprivation, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation [ 188 ]. A study in juvenile and young adult mice demonstrated the nootropic effect of an aqueous extract of C. asiatica . Treatment resulted in increased hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and dendritic arborization of hippocampal CA3 neurons. Thus, treatment with C. asiatica during the postnatal developmental stage can affect neuronal morphology and support brain function [ 190 ].

The reported typical daily dose of C. asiatica is approximately 600 mg of dried leaves, or from 60 mg to 120 mg of standardized extract of C. asiatica (contains at least 85% of triterpenoid glycosides) [ 228 , 229 ].

Based on clinical studies, the reported tolerability of orally administered extracts of Centella is high, and no interactions with other drugs are known. Although no teratogenic effects have been reported, the drug should not be used during pregnancy and lactation. Use by children is also not recommended [ 230 ].

6.3.4. Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera )

The roots and the leaves are harvested and used mainly in dried form. An infusion is prepared from the leaves and a decoction from the root. Fruit is sometimes used as an emetic [ 231 ].

A study in mice indicated that ashwagandha increased the content of hemoglobin, platelets, and red as well as white blood cells. An increase in red blood cells increases the blood’s ability to transport oxygen to the peripheral system, ensuring greater maximum aerobic capacity [ 194 ]. In another study, rats were used as a model of tardive dyskinesia, a disorder characterized by involuntary neurological triggering that leads to spontaneous, repetitive body movements, such as grimacing, sticking out the tongue, or lip movements that were simulated by injection of reserpine. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. Long-term administration of Withania somnifera root extract to the rats significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored reduced glutathione levels, and reversed the decrease in brain superoxide dismutase and catalase levels induced by reserpine treatment. Thus, Withania somnifera root extract could be a helpful drug for treating drug-induced tardive dyskinesia [ 192 ]. Several tests in animal models have confirmed the nootropic effect of ashwagandha and its potential as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease [ 191 , 193 ]. In another study, the steroidal lactone withaferin, a bioactive compound from the group of withanolides showed significant anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo [ 232 ].

The dosage can be from 6 to 10 g of ground roots of ashwagandha per day or the equivalent of 750 mg to 1250 mg of extract per day [ 233 ]. Ashwagandha is not recommended in cases of hyperthyroidism or pregnancy. It is a relatively safe drug when used at the recommended doses. Overdoses can cause gastrointestinal problems and vomiting; therefore, treatment should be started with small doses and gradually increased. Ashwagandha is best taken in the evening because, in substantial doses, the herbal extract can act as a sedative [ 234 ].

6.3.5. Water Hyssop ( Bacopa monnieri )

In countries of natural occurrence, it is sometimes used as a leafy vegetable in salads or soups [ 235 ].

In vitro treatment of rat astrocytes with methanol extract of Bacopa monnieri significantly reduced damage caused by high NO concentrations. It has been suggested that glial cells may produce NO by an enzyme-independent mechanism when stimulated by superoxide radicals, and the study results verified the antioxidant activity of Brahmi plant extract [ 196 ].

Treatment of albino rats with an alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri increased protein kinase activity and caused an increase in protein in the hippocampus. Overall, the extract has improved learning ability by enhancing cognitive function and memory retention. The chemical compounds responsible for this facilitating effect have been identified as a mixture of two saponins, bacosides A and B [ 197 ]. Choline acetyltransferase expression in the hippocampus was studied in olfactory bulbectomy mice compared to controls. Olfactory bulbectomy reduced cholinergic activity and thus choline acetyltransferase expression in the hippocampus. However, subsequent administration of Bacopa monnieri alcohol extract reversed this effect and gradually improved the induced cognitive dysfunction [ 195 ]. In a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, Bacopa monnieri alcohol extract improved escape latency in the Morris water maze test. In addition, the loss of neurons and the density of cholinergic neurons were also mitigated [ 198 ]. Experiments have shown inhibition of the degeneration of cholinergic neurons by Bacopa monnieri , suggesting that the herb is a cognitive enhancer and neuroprotectant and may serve as a potential adjunctive drug for treating Alzheimer’s disease [ 195 , 198 ].

The Bacopa monnieri liquid extract dosage (ratio 1:2) is 5–12 mL per day for adults and 2.5–6 mL per day for children aged 6–12 years. For Bacopa monnieri extracts standardized at 20% content of bacosides A and B, 200–400 mg in divided doses for adults and 100–200 mg daily in divided doses for children is recommended [ 236 , 237 ].

No serious side effects have been reported. Rarely, mild sedation or digestive problems may occur after ingestion [ 238 , 239 ].

6.3.6. Guarana ( Paullinia cupana )

The seeds, the so-called guarana nuts, are harvested at full maturity. They are first roasted, then sifted by sieving, mechanically crushed, and mixed with water to make a bitter paste with high caffeine content. A coffee-like beverage is prepared by simmering guarana paste with hot water. Guarana paste is also added to syrups, and various non-alcoholic and alcoholic drinks are prepared from it, mainly popular in Brazil. Sometimes, the guarana paste is dried, ground into a powder, and used to make tablets [ 240 , 241 ].

In an in vivo study, the aqueous fraction of Paullinia cupana seeds was repeatedly administered to rats who were then placed in a T-maze, a model of generalized anxiety and panic disorders, and the guarana was shown to have anxiolytic and panicolytic effects [ 242 ]. The impact of long-term administration of Paullinia cupana seed extract by gavage to rats at various doses on their cognitive behavior was studied using the Morris water maze test, which showed identical results in rats with scopolamine-induced amnesia compared with controls [ 200 ]. Mice that ingested guarana suspension showed a significant increase in physical capacity when exposed to stressful situations such as forced swimming. After both single and chronic administration, guarana partially reversed the amnesic effect of scopolamine, as measured by a passive avoidance test in rats and mice, indicating a positive impact on memory acquisition [ 199 ]. Studies have shown that oral administration of processed Paullinia cupana seeds had a significant nootropic effect. Herbal drugs that exhibit this property may offer a useful adjunct therapeutic option for preventing or treating memory deficits, such as those seen in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease [ 199 , 200 ].

A typical dose is 75 mg of guarana extract (approximately 12% caffeine) administered as a tablet [ 243 ]. Guarana should not be used in persons with cardiovascular disease, who are pregnant or breastfeeding, have chronic headaches, diabetes, insomnia, mental disorders, stomach ulcers, or are taking theophylline [ 244 ].

6.3.7. Eleuthero ( Eleutherococcus senticosus )

The root is ground to a powder and formed into tablets or used in the form of a tincture. Infusion of the above-ground parts is also sometimes used [ 245 ].

In vitro experiments showed the antioxidant and antiradical activity of eleuthero [ 208 ], including the inhibition of lipid peroxidation [ 207 ].

In an in vivo study, an aqueous extract of eleuthero reduced acute stress in mice [ 210 ]. A study in normal mice examined the effects of an aqueous extract from eleuthero leaves on memory function. These in vivo tests showed that oral administration of the extract improved memory functions, and ex vivo confirmed that the active compounds of the extract, such as eleutheroside M and ciwujianoside B and C3, were able to penetrate the BBB and act on the brain. These three compounds and the leaf extract showed dendritic elongation activity against primary cultured cortical neurons, which may be related to improved memory [ 211 ].

Tests on healthy volunteers have also concluded that the active compounds of eleuthero affect cell defense, physical fitness, and lipid metabolism [ 209 ]. The detoxification properties of the extract have been used in treating chronic lead poisoning in mine workers [ 246 ]. Siberian ginseng has also been used in cosmetics [ 207 ].

The recommended daily dose of eleuthero is 2–3 g of dried root or an equivalent preparation [ 247 ]. According to the Russian Pharmacopeia, a standardized liquid extract of roots and rhizomes of Eleutherococcus senticosus (10 mg of the extract is equivalent to 120 mg of the crude herb) is currently available as an over-the-counter drug in a ratio of 1:1 with 40% ethanol. In the Russian medical system, this extract is recommended for oral use at a daily dose of 20–40 drops for an adult. However, further research is needed to investigate the appropriate dosing regimen to improve healthy adults’ cognitive function and physical performance [ 246 , 248 ]. Side effects occur infrequently. Eleuthero increases blood pressure, so its use in hypertension is not recommended [ 249 ].

6.3.8. Rhodiola ( Rhodiola rosea )

Rhizomes and roots from older plants are collected, dried, and subsequently used for extract preparation [ 250 ].

According to an in vitro study, salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from R. rosea L., showed a protective effect in cultured PC12 neuronal cells against hypoglycemia and serum-restricted cytotoxicity, probably through modulation of gene expression associated with apoptosis, restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of intracellular oxygen radical production [ 203 ].

An in vivo study was performed to investigate the effects of a single oral dose of an aqueous-alcoholic extract (plant material was extracted with 2% ethanol diluted with tap water) of R. rosea containing 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside on CNS activity in mice. The extract was tested for adaptogenic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, nociceptive, and locomotor activity at various doses using predictive behavioral tests in the animal model. The results showed that this extract significantly induced adaptogenic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and stimulating effects [ 202 ], but the effects were not dose-dependent.

In a different trial, the effect of R. rosea L. extract on mood, anxiety, stress, and cognition in moderately anxious students was evaluated. Compared with the control, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in anxiety, stress, anger, confusion, and depression, and an improvement in general mood after treatment for two weeks. However, no significant difference in cognitive performance was observed between the groups [ 201 ].

The optimal dose of rhodiola extract for long-term use was 100–170 mg per day, and the rosavin content of the extract should be 3.6–6.14 mg per weight of the extract. This would suggest a daily dose of roughly 360–600 mg of standardized Rhodiola rosea extract containing 1% rosavin [ 251 ].

No serious side effects have been identified so far. Because it affects human nature, it is not recommended for patients who have manic–depressive psychosis. Rhodiola should also not be used by children, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers, or people with high blood pressure [ 252 ].

6.3.9. Schisandra ( Schisandra chinensis )

The often used parts are fruits and seeds. A tincture can be prepared from crushed seeds and a tea brewed from dried berries, shoots, and leaves. The fruits are consumed dried or marinated in sugar or honey to make jam, syrup, juice, or compote. They can also be stored frozen. In addition to syrups and juices, a strong sweet wine can be made from the juice of the berries [ 253 , 254 ]. Schisandra fruits are known to the people of the Far East primarily as a tonic and stimulant against fatigue and exhaustion [ 253 ].

An in vitro study was performed to determine the neuroprotective effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, schisantherin A, from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis against selective dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neural damage in human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment with schisantherin A provided neuroprotection against induced cytotoxicity, regulated the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and inhibited NO overproduction by reducing the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in cells [ 206 ].

In other in vitro and in vivo experiments, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cells were incubated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, and mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine were used to determine neuroprotection of schisantherin A. Pretreatment with schisantherin A significantly inhibited the induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, schisantherin A provided significant protection against induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease [ 204 ]. These findings demonstrate that schisantherin A may have potential therapeutic value for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease [ 204 , 206 ].

In vivo cognitive tests such as the Morris water maze and the passive step-down avoidance tests were performed with rats given oral doses of aqueous or 95% ethanolic extract of Schisandra chinensis (petroleum ether fraction) and showed that the extract could partially reverse the effects of decreasing activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the overall antioxidant effect induced by D -galactose, and to maintain normal levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in serum, prefrontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. The extract improved the overall induced cognitive deficit [ 205 ].

The optimal dose of dried schisandra fruit for human administration is 2–6 g per day. For an average human body weight of 60 kg, the dose is 0.03–0.1 g of fruit per kg of body weight [ 253 , 255 ]. No serious side effects have been reported. Side effects have only occurred after regular ingestion of excessive amounts of fruits and included restlessness and insomnia [ 256 ].

6.3.10. Maca ( Lepidium meyenii )

Maca root is consumed either fresh or dried and has a distinctive taste and aroma. In South America, a sweet porridge or pudding called mazamorra de maca is made from dried roots, while the fresh root is cooked like potatoes. It can also be ground into flour, with a composition similar to cereal grains. A slightly alcoholic beverage called maca chica is made from the maca plant. Many growers mix and grind the leaves with the roots [ 257 , 258 ].

Polysaccharide fractions from maca leaves showed different in vitro scavenging capacities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals [ 212 ].

Researchers have recently been interested in the neuroprotective effects of Lepidium meyenii . Experiments in vivo and ex vivo tests have shown the effect of Lepidium meyenii in reducing latency in untrained and trained mice. In the swimming strength test, maca shortened the immobility time. It also increased the uterine weight of mice after ovariectomy. Lepidium meyenii appeared to positively affect latent learning in ovariectomized mice and exhibited antidepressant activity [ 214 ]. Maca improved cognitive function, motor coordination, and endurance in middle-aged mice, increased mitochondrial respiratory function, and upregulated proteins associated with autophagy in the cortex [ 213 ].

These findings suggested that maca might be an effective functional food to slow age-related cognitive decline. The optimal dose has not been determined; however, the amount of maca root powder used in many studies was in the range of 1.5–3 g per day for the average human adult [ 259 , 260 ].

So far, no serious side effects or contraindications to the extracts have been reported. Maca seems to be safe, effective, and non-toxic [ 261 ].

7. Summary and Recommendations

Nootropics are a heterogeneous group of drugs that affect the metabolism of neuronal cells in the central nervous system. They mainly improve cognitive function, especially in cases where there is damage or degeneration. Most of these substances do not have an immediate effect after a single administration and must be used for some length of time before there is a measurable improvement. They are used in acute, subacute, and chronic conditions of memory, consciousness, and learning disorders and as a supportive treatment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, hyperkinetic disorder, or senile dementia. Nootropics are usually very well tolerated. Side effects are rare and typically mild, but some complications can occur. For example, people with cardiovascular disease should not use guarana. This is probably due to the relatively high caffeine content. The available literature suggests that the cardiovascular effects experienced by those consuming up to 600 mg of caffeine per day are, in most cases, mild, transient, and reversible, with no permanent adverse effects [ 262 ]. A typical dose of guarana is 75 mg of extract (approximately 12% caffeine) taken as a tablet [ 243 ]. Each such tablet, therefore, contains an average of 9 mg of caffeine. Therefore, in order to get close to the limit of 600 mg of caffeine, a person would have to consume around 66 of these tablets per day. A nootropic that could help in this case is naftidrofuryl, which functions as a vasodilator with rheological effects on the blood and is directly used in treating cardiovascular disorders [ 134 ]. Some nootropics can also affect psychiatric problems; for example, rhodiola is not recommended for patients with manic-depressive psychosis [ 252 ], and dihydroergotoxine is also contraindicated in psychosis [ 153 ]. An expert should be consulted before the use of any of these nootropics. Ginseng and eleuthero are contraindicated in patients with hypertension [ 218 , 219 , 249 ]. Ginkgo causes blood thinning, so people taking certain anticoagulants should not take it, for example, before surgery [ 219 , 225 ]. Additionally, ashwagandha is best taken in the evening because it can act as a sedative in large doses. It is also indicated by its Latin name Withania somnifera, where the Latin species name somnifera means “sleep-inducing” [ 234 ]. Therefore, nootropics users should consider their state of health and mood before deciding to try a certain compound; however, if the recommended dosage is followed, no serious complications should occur. Because of their potential for improving memory and thinking and their easy availability, nootropics have particularly attracted the attention of college students, who call them “smart drugs”. Because of the incomplete clinical evidence on their effectiveness, safety, and social consequences in the case of long-term use, especially with synthetic variants of these drugs, they cannot be recommended to healthy individuals who do not suffer from any cognitive dysfunction. There have not been sufficient experimental studies and results to support prophylactic use, even though the use of herbal supplements with nootropic effects has shown little risk of side effects and contraindications have been minimal. In any case, to be safe, none of these substances should be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Future research regarding nootropics should focus on experiments with more diverse human groups, whether in terms of age, health, gender, or weight. It should also mainly focus on young, healthy people, mostly university students, who use these substances a lot and obtain them, especially on the black market. Furthermore, already advanced methods based on neuroimaging assessment should be used more in experiments and studies to confirm or refute the potential beneficial effects.

Acknowledgments

We thank Gary Bentley for editing and improving the manuscript’s English and Lucie Malá for creating the graphical abstract.

Funding Statement

Financial support for publication was from CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_054/0014642 project.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.M.; formal analysis, M.M.; writing—original draft preparation, M.M.; writing—review and editing, M.M. and P.T.; visualization, M.M.; supervision, P.T.; project administration, P.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Thesis Nootropics Review 2024: Honest Thoughts + Am I Still Buying?

• Last updated: May 16, 2024

About Dr. Steve Kim, MD

Physician Advisor

After using Thesis nootropics for more than a year, for me, the higher price point is definitely worth it for the cognitive benefits I’ve experienced. Specifically, I’ve noticed that I am not feeling overwhelmed as often as I was prior, and I am able to focus and complete tasks with more ease.

Thesis Overview

• Price:  $119 for one-time purchase or $79 with subscription
• Helps With:  Cognitive function, including motivation, memory, focus, and more
• Side Effects:  Headache, stomachache, and more
• Safety: Made with ingredients that are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA or have passed Phase III clinical trials
• Dietary Information:  Vegan, and made without gluten, eggs, and nuts

Thesis offers a variety of  nootropics, also called “smart drugs,” which are medicinal substances that improve cognitive function, specifically memory, thinking, and learning. While some prescription nootropics are FDA-approved, Thesis is not regulated by the FDA and is available over-the-counter (OTC). However, their ingredients are third-party tested and they only use ingredients that are either Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA or have passed through Phase III clinical trials. 

I’ve been taking Thesis for over a year now, about six times a week, and I’ve noticed some significant improvements in terms of how often I feel overwhelmed, as well as my ability to focus and stay on task. While I know Thesis won’t work well for everyone, these nootropics agree well with me and I’ll continue using them to help boost my productivity, focus, and more. 

In this article, I’ll delve into my experience using Thesis nootropics, as well as discuss their potential benefits, side effects, and more.

• Custom blends
• Personal coaching / support by nootropic experts
• No proprietary blends (AKA no hidden ingredients!)
• Caffeinated or noncaffeinated formulas
• Effective ingredients
• No free trials
• Relatively high monthly cost

My Experience Taking Thesis Nootropics

I’ve been loving Thesis since I started using their products, specifically the Clarity, Creativity, Logic, and Energy blends, over a year ago. While there’s no nootropic that’ll offer you the same potency you’d get from Adderall, or other prescription stimulant medications, I’ve found Thesis to work surprisingly well for my needs.

When using them 6 times a week, they have offered notable improvements in how well I’m able to focus and stay on task. In practice, this usually looks like a clearer mind and an improved ability to maintain a relaxed state of mind while completing various tasks. As someone who feels overwhelmed fairly often, this is a welcomed change of pace.

With their Clarity and Creativity blends, in particular, I just feel leveled out. I’m able to sit down and work, without feeling like I’m just hopped up on too much caffeine, a feeling that really makes me uncomfortable. 

In the world of nootropics, where certain products don’t seem noticeable whatsoever, it cannot be overstated just how awesome my experience with Thesis has been.

Benefits of Thesis

As a customer, you’ll have the opportunity to speak with their coaches at any time. I have reached out on a few occasions, just to talk about the fascinating world of nootropics. In particular, I have had amazing conversations with one of their neurologists, Cindy. It truly is nice to speak with other individuals who are as fascinated with the science behind nootropics as I am.

Another aspect of Thesis that I really respect is that they clearly publish not only which ingredients they include, but also the exact amounts of each ingredient. This matters because it allows consumers to actually cross-check the research behind the ingredients/dosages, an unfortunate rarity in the supplement space.

•  6 custom blends, each with unique effects that may work well for many individuals
• Personal coaching/support from nootropic experts
• No proprietary blends (hidden ingredients)
• Caffeinated or non-caffeinated formulas
• Effective ingredients that are backed by science and are third-party tested
• Available OTC
• Not FDA-approved
• Relatively high monthly price, which may not work for everyone

How Does Thesis Work?

You’ll start by filling out a questionnaire on their website, which should only take a few minutes. Once you’re done with the survey, Thesis’ algorithm will run through its millions of data points to predict which of their blends may work best for you. 

Once you place your order, either as a one-time purchase or as a subscription, you’ll be shipped your blends.

Per the instructions, you’ll begin taking your blends and note how you feel in the included daily journal. This will help your track whether your blends are the right fit for your needs or if they need to be adjusted. You’ll also be able to speak with one of their coaches at any time for additional support. 

Related reading: Stasis Supplement Review – Our Research, Testing, and Impressions

Thesis vs. Alternatives

 We’ve created this comparison table to pit Thesis up against Onnit and Mind Lab Pro , two other popular nootropic brands.

Thesis Nootropics Side Effects

The ingredients in Thesis may lead to side effects in some individuals, including: 

• Stomachache
• Signs of an allergic reaction

If you experience any prolonged discomfort, stop taking Thesis and reach out to your healthcare provider. Seek urgent medical care if you experience serious symptoms of an allergic reaction.

The Verdict: Are Thesis Nootropics Worth It?

Thesis offers a complete toolkit of nootropics that are tailored to your needs, in addition to ongoing expert support. Unlike other nootropics, which may include unnecessary or hidden ingredients, Thesis only offers what you need with their six unique blends that focus on supporting logic, energy, creativity, clarity, motivation, and confidence. Once you find the blend or blends that work for you, you can opt into a subscription and save on costs. 

While the monthly cost may be on the higher side, the ability to select only the blends you need, instead of opting for a nootropic that may include ingredients that are unnecessary for your particular needs, is definitely a major benefit of opting for this provider over others.

Keep in mind that Thesis will not feel as potent as prescription stimulant medication and that certain blends may lead to side effects, like gastrointestinal problems or headaches, in some. It’s always best to speak with your healthcare provider prior to trying Thesis to ensure that it is safe for you to do so.

Thesis will not be as potent as Adderall, a prescription medication. However,  Thesis , a type of nootropic or “smart drug,” may work well for some individuals in boosting cognitive function, focus, and more. 

Some nootropics can be used every day. However, it’s best to follow the specific’s products instructions, as well as speak to your healthcare provider about safe use.

Thesis  may be safe for some individuals to use. According to the company, they only use ingredients that are either classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA or that havve passed through Phase III clinical trials. However, it’s always best to speak with your healthcare provider prior to trying Thesis to ensure that it is safe for you to use.

Thesis does not offer free samples, however, they do offer a no-questions-asked refund. 

Thesis offer caffeinated and caffeine-free formulas.

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Thesis Nootropics Review

Thesis has a range of targeted nootropics you can combine to optimize your results. our team will help you decide which ones are right for you..

Daniel is a senior editor and writer at Innerbody Research. After receiving his bachelor’s degree in writing, he attended post-graduate studies at George Mason University and pursued a career in nutritional science.

Dr. Segar is a cardiology fellow at the Texas Heart Institute and a member of Innerbody Research's Medical Review Board.

In this Review

Nootropics in general offer the potential to improve cognitive abilities and regulate mood without the need for a prescription. And while more research is necessary, current data suggests that they consist of ingredients that are generally safe and effective for healthy adults. 35 However, Thesis isn’t the only provider of high-quality nootropics, nor do they offer especially low prices. In this review, we'll compare and contrast Thesis’ six formulas and see how they stack up against a growing field of competitors.

Our Findings

• You can feel most results within an hour
• Products are third-party-tested for purity
• All options available without stimulants
• Outstanding phone support
• Subscriptions include complimentary wellness coaching
• Free shipping on all orders
• Use code INNERBODY for 10% off your first order
• Somewhat more expensive than competitors
• Up to four large pills per dose

Despite the somewhat high price, we recommend Thesis to anyone looking for a nootropic subscription that can be tailored to their specific needs. The formulas from Thesis provide tangible benefits with minimal ingredients, and each formula is available with or without caffeine. Thesis also offers stellar customer service and delivers their product in individually packed doses you can take just about anywhere.

Special Offer: Take 10% OFF with code INNERBODY

Why you should trust us

Over the past two decades, Innerbody Research has helped tens of millions of readers make more informed decisions about staying healthy and living healthier lifestyles. As nootropics have become more important players in the supplements landscape, we’ve taken a serious look at the key players to see which ones are worthwhile.

Thesis exists in a class of nootropics that combines multiple nootropic ingredients to achieve specific goals. We’ve spent hundreds of hours researching and testing various nootropics, including both individual ingredients and combinations like Thesis offers. In researching Thesis and their competitors, our team has read more than 100 clinical studies examining the efficacy and safety of nootropic ingredients, and we’ve combined all of that knowledge with our experiences to create this review.

If you're curious about our team's experience using Thesis nootropics and wondering how the products will arrive at your door, we made this handy, 5-minute video summarizing those details:

Additionally, like all health-related content on this website, this review was thoroughly vetted by one or more members of our Medical Review Board for accuracy.

How we evaluated Thesis

To evaluate Thesis, we examined the extensive research available on each ingredient the company uses and compared them to a growing marketplace of nootropics, many of which our testing team has tried over the past few years. Specifically, we assessed how effectively Thesis' formulas work, as well as their safety, cost, and the convenience of acquiring and taking them.

Ultimately, we found Thesis to be one of the more reliable companies in terms of product quality and customer care, even if they are among the more expensive nootropic brands. For any nootropic, you’re looking to create a noticeable effect in brain performance, and altering anything to do with that sensitive chemistry likely warrants a fair investment. The bargain bin is not typically where you want to shop for mind-enhancing substances.

We’ll get into a more direct comparison between Thesis and their competitors a little later, and you’ll see that the balance between their price and overall value is quite reasonable. For now, let’s look at each criterion in more detail.

Effectiveness

Nootropic companies have a plethora of ingredients at their fingertips when they formulate their products. Some companies take a modern approach, focusing on the latest research into established Western medicines. Others look to the past, where ancient Chinese and Ayurvedic practices employed various botanicals to achieve cognitive effects. The best companies combine these approaches, using potentially beneficial ingredients that science supports.

Thesis takes this combined approach, employing just under three dozen ingredients from amino acids to ancient herbs across their six products. The company scores highly in effectiveness thanks to the ingredients they choose and the doses they offer for each, making it likely that you can notice their combined effects.

Individual results will vary due to everything from sleep patterns to diet, but most people should find benefits in at least one of Thesis' six formulas. Caffeinated formulas generally have more pronounced effects than stimulant-free versions, but the value of Thesis offering every formula with or without stimulants cannot be overstated.

One minor knock against Thesis is that, unlike some of their competitors, Thesis does not have a nootropic blend designed for improved sleep. Better sleep supports cognition and mood, so some companies offer formulas designed specifically for sleep promotion with ingredients like melatonin. That said, some of Thesis’ formulas contain lion’s mane or Zembrin (a branded form of Sceletium tortuosum that’s been shown to reduce anxiety and promote sleep). 2 3 And the amount of Zembrin used in Thesis’ Creativity and Confidence blends is the exact same amount used in these successful studies — 25mg.

Good nootropics are, unfortunately, a bit expensive. You can find less expensive options than Thesis, but their $79 monthly rate is right in the middle of what the market demands. You could also argue that the ingredient quality, customization options, and overall efficacy Thesis offers make it a superior value to many less expensive alternatives. Still, the price remains a sticking point for some.

Let's compare the monthly and per-dose costs with some of Thesis' closest competition. The prices below reflect subscription savings where available.

Three of the seven competitors included in the chart above are more expensive than Thesis, and another three are no more than $15 less expensive, revealing their generally average cost. Focus Factor — consistently our top budget pick among nootropics — costs much less than others in the field and includes many ingredients with associated clinical research. The downside is that increasing the number of ingredients (even when they seem to work) increases the odds of an adverse reaction.

TruBrain is the only company that truly compares to Thesis from a quality and variety standpoint. Other companies offer only one or two formulas, whereas Thesis and TruBrain each offer several more targeted products. TruBrain allows you to spend just $69 on your first jar when you subscribe — $10 less than Thesis — but that price shoots up to $119 every month after that, making Thesis the superior value.

When we consider the safety of any supplement, we look at available research into individual ingredients and compare those dosages with what the supplement offers. Whenever possible, we also test the product ourselves to observe its effects on us. Additionally, we look for safety standards in manufacturing that can provide added peace of mind, like third-party testing and compliance with the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Thesis manufactures their products in GMP-compliant facilities and has third-party testing performed to assess the purity of each ingredient and formula. And the clinical research involving the lion's share of their ingredients reveals minimal risk profiles with few to no adverse effects reported. That said, ashwagandha isn’t safe for pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and it can stimulate thyroid activity, so anyone with thyroid concerns (hyper- or hypothyroidism) or on medication to regulate thyroid function should be careful. 36 37

Thesis also limits their formulas to a handful of ingredients, which reduces the likelihood that any one of them would cause an adverse reaction. This is pretty typical of nootropics in Thesis’ class, but less expensive nootropics might try to convince you of their value by stuffing a single blend with several dozen components. That might increase the chances you feel some positive effect, but the side effect risk goes up by the same token.

Convenience

Our convenience rating considers various aspects of a user's experience. It usually starts with the quality of a product's website design and whether or not its pages are easy to navigate. We also consider the presence of subscription systems that make reordering easier and money-back guarantees that protect your investment. A company's customer service is another vital aspect of convenience, especially if you need questions answered. The quality of an FAQ section, the availability of representatives via chat or phone call, and the responsiveness to email inquiries all play a part here.

Our convenience rating is also informed by the steps required to actually take the product. Nootropics often consist of large capsules, and doses can contain anywhere from 1-7 capsules, which is awful for anyone with difficulty taking pills. Smaller capsules, fewer capsules per dose, and simple dosing schedules are ideal. Thesis’ capsule count varies per formula, ranging from 2-4 mid-size capsules you can take 30 minutes before you might want or need their effects.

To summarize some important aspects of nootropic company convenience, let's look at which companies have large capsule counts, good money-back guarantees, and subscription systems.

Thesis also provides a service that few other companies offer: free consultations with in-house nootropic coaches. These experts can help you figure out the best time to take specific Thesis formulas and guide your experience so you can tell whether or not they're working for you. Follow-up consultations are also free as long as you subscribe to the product.

What are nootropics?

Nootropic is a term most people use to refer to any non-prescription supplement that can boost brainpower. 4 The technical definition is a little more nuanced — encompassing prescription medications like Ritalin and Adderall — but the supplement industry has largely co-opted it to categorize the new class of non-prescription products. The word loosely translates from its Greek origins to mean mind-changing, and the majority of ingredients in a given nootropic seek to alter the brain’s cognitive abilities, as well as its governance of mood and energy.

Most nootropic supplements contain botanical ingredients, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that boast at least some clinical research connecting them with improvements in any of the following:

Compared to their prescription cousins, nootropic supplements aren't particularly strong. Still, limited clinical research indicates a tangible benefit to taking them.

What is Thesis?

Thesis is a supplement company with a focus on nootropics. Their founders each had experiences growing up with what would today be considered learning disabilities, and they credit nootropics for changing their lives. They make six distinct nootropic formulas, each with a specific ingredient profile.

Thesis differentiates themselves from their competitors in several critical ways:

• They offer a starter kit containing a personalized combination of four blends.
• You have the option to remove caffeine by request from any formula.
• They provide some of the best phone support we've ever experienced.
• Their targeted formulas conform to changing needs.

By providing you with a mix of formulas, Thesis gives you the ability to enhance the aspects of your cognitive and emotional life that need it the most on any given day. Maybe you know you have low energy levels on Mondays and Wednesdays, so you can take the Energy formula on those days. Maybe you want to devote your weekends to artistic pursuits. You can use the Creativity blend for that. Or you might find that one of their six blends works well for you in any situation. In that case, you can adjust your order to receive only that formula.

Thesis' customer service — particularly over the phone — is outstanding. While many customers might find chat support more convenient, our testers rarely waited more than a minute to speak to someone, and Thesis employs phone operators who are extraordinarily knowledgeable about the product and nootropics in general. Their email support is fine, and their chat support often redirects to an email inquiry. But that phone support is some of the best our testing team has experienced.

Is Thesis safe?

Most of the ingredients that Thesis uses in their nootropics exhibit minimal side effects in clinical research, so there’s a good chance that Thesis' various formulas will be safe for most people. But Thesis has nearly three dozen ingredients in their catalog, and not all of them will be safe for all users, including those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Of course, the most important thing you can do is talk to your doctor before taking Thesis.

The most common side effects to watch out for when you start taking Thesis nootropics include:

• Loss of appetite
• Digestive issues

Thesis advises discontinuing their nootropics if you experience persistent headaches or an upset stomach.

Some Thesis products may present contraindications with certain prescription medicines. For example, ashwagandha has been shown to normalize thyroid hormone levels in people with hypothyroidism. 5 This has led some to believe that it could conversely cause thyrotoxicity in people with hyperthyroidism, though it’s worth noting that the study in question employed double the highest ashwagandha dose you’ll find in Thesis nootropics — the study used 600mg, and the ashwagandha dose in Thesis’ Creativity is 300mg.

Still, this should make abundantly clear the case for speaking with your doctor prior to taking Thesis. This is especially true considering the lack of research into the specific ingredient combinations you’ll find in Thesis products. There is also very little research looking into the risks of combining nootropic supplements with prescription stimulants such as Ritalin, Adderall, or Vyvanse.

Some side effects, such as jitteriness, can be attributed to the caffeine in Thesis formulas. The fact that you can elect to remove caffeine from any formula expands the company’s reach to anyone with caffeine sensitivities and those who really don’t want to give up their morning cup of coffee. If you want caffeine in your Thesis formula, we recommend trying it without having had any coffee first, so you can see how it affects you.

Insider Tip: If you’re not sure whether to get your formula with or without caffeine, we recommend getting it with caffeine. Thesis isolates the included caffeine in a single capsule separate from other ingredients. Caffeinated formulas cost the same as uncaffeinated ones, and you can always elect not to take the caffeine capsule (the smallest capsule in any formula, containing a white powder).

What are the ingredients in Thesis?

Thesis uses an impressive set of ingredients, many of which have been part of respectable clinical research. Not all of the effects they hope these ingredients provide have been proven with sufficient statistical significance or over multiple studies in different populations, but what we do know strongly suggests efficacy.

Here's a look at several Thesis ingredients that have encouraging research behind them:

Several studies on mice show that dihydrohonokiol-B (DHH-B) has potent anxiolytic effects. 6 That means it may be able to help combat anxiety. However, we can’t say this for sure since there haven’t been any studies conducted on humans yet, so any potential benefits are speculative at this time. 25 Converting the successful dose used in mice (1mg) to the equivalent human amount (4.86 mg) is about half the amount used in Thesis’ Confidence (10mg). 6

In numerous studies, ashwagandha has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety. 32 Thesis uses a branded KSM-66 ashwagandha, which has a high standardized count of withanolides — the component of ashwagandha responsible for its positive effects. 33 This ensures both efficacy and consistency from doses that align with those used in successful studies.

While every formula is different, you'll notice that each contains caffeine and L-theanine. The nootropic properties of caffeine are well established. 19 L-theanine — a non-stimulant derived from green tea — has been shown to smooth out the jittery effects of caffeine. You can easily have caffeine removed from any Thesis formula for no extra cost, which is unique in the nootropic market. The L-theanine will remain, as it has its own set of cognitive benefits in addition to its ability to tame caffeine. 20

Saffron offers multiple benefits, including increased levels of dopamine and glutamate, that are dose-dependent. Human studies have also shown positive effects on depression symptoms. Thesis’ Confidence uses 28mg, which is 2mg less than what was used in many of the studies on saffron’s antidepressant effects. However, one study did find success with as little as 15mg. 7

A review of more than 120 scientific articles looking into the cognitive effects of phosphatidylserine concluded that it “safely slows, halts, or reverses biochemical alterations and structural deterioration in nerve cells.” The study goes on to say that it “supports human cognitive functions, including the formation of short-term memory, the consolidation of long-term memory, the ability to create new memories, the ability to retrieve memories, the ability to learn and recall information, the ability to focus attention and concentrate, the ability to reason and solve problems, language skills, and the ability to communicate.” 34

Derived from a South African plant, Zembrin appears to provide cognitive and anti-anxiety effects as demonstrated in clinical studies on human participants that used the same 25mg dose found in Thesis Creativity and Confidence. 8

Synapsa is a patented form of Bacopa extract, a traditional Ayurvedic memory enhancer. Studies on humans resulted in statistically significant improvements in cognitive tests. The study used 150mg twice daily (300mg total), which is only 20mg less than the 320mg used in Thesis’ Logic. 9

7,8 DHF is a small molecular TrkB agonist that can easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that improves neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. BDNF deficiencies are connected to numerous cognitive ailments as well. However, no human studies have been conducted. 26 In mice, 7,8 DHF appears to enhance spatial memory. When converting the effective dose for mice to humans, Thesis’ Clarity offers roughly 6mg more (about 24mg compared to Thesis’ 30mg). 27

Choline is a precursor to acetylcholine, a powerful neurotransmitter in the peripheral, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. 10 One study on older adult human participants found that taking 187-399mg per day of choline reduced the risk of low cognitive functioning by nearly 50% compared to an intake under 187mg per day. 28 The CDP choline content in Thesis’ Energy is 300mg.

A 2010 clinical study on 485 older adult (over 55 years old) subjects found that 900mg per day of DHA improved memory and learning in those with age-related cognitive decline. 11 And another study in healthy adults 18-90 years old found that 580mg per day helped improve memory. 29 Unfortunately, the amounts used in many studies to improve cognitive function are quite a bit more than the 200mg (which is DHA and L-lysine combined) found in Thesis’ Logic.

Like choline, Alpha-GPC acts as an effective acetylcholine precursor. Studies also show that supplementation with Alpha-GPC can stave off exercise-induced reductions in choline levels. The effective amount used in the mentioned study is 200mg, which is less than half of what you’ll find in Thesis’ Clarity (500mg). 12

In addition to being an effective treatment for neuropathic pain, agmatine appears to have potent effects as an antidepressant. A five-year safety case report study concluded that there are no long-term side effect risks. Thesis’ Creativity only contains 250mg, which is well below the amount tolerated by study participants (2.67g per day). 13

Research into epicatechin indicates that it can enhance cerebral blood flow, delivering more oxygen to the brain to ensure it operates at its highest efficiency. The most effective dose for cognitive benefits appears to be over 50mg per day, and Thesis’ Clarity contains 278mg. 14

Lion's mane has been shown to increase nerve growth factor and promote neurite outgrowth of specific neural cells. It's a safe and reliable neurotrophic, but studies have debunked claims of neuroprotective properties. 15 A very small study of only 41 participants found that 1.8g of Lion’s mane may reduce stress and improve cognitive performance. 30 Thesis’ Clarity contains 500mg of Lion’s mane.

Hyperphenylalaninemia, a severe deficiency in phenylalanine, results in reduced dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline levels in the brain. 16 It can also alter cerebral myelin and protein synthesis. Supplementing with phenylalanine may provide neuroprotective benefits.

In a 2020 study, phenylalanine was a large component in a mix of seven amino acids that appeared to improve cognitive, psychological, and social functioning in middle-aged and older adults. Effective doses ranged from 0.85g to 1.7g of phenylalanine. A serving of Thesis’ Motivation contains 500mg, a bit under half of the average amount. 31

Examining the six formulas

Thesis has six nootropic formulas in their lineup (even though you can only choose up to four of them per box). Several other nootropic companies like TruBrain and BrainMD boast targeted lineups, as well, but Thesis is the Goldilocks of the bunch. Where BrainMD’s hyper-specific formulas rely on perhaps too few ingredients to make them worthwhile, many of TruBrain’s complex blends lack real specificity. With Thesis, you get targeted effects from numerous ingredients in moderately complex and reasonably priced combinations.

Each Thesis formula has a blend of ingredients that addresses specific needs. Their names give you a pretty big clue as to what the company intends each to do, but a closer look at their ingredients will help you understand how they achieve this.

Their formulas are:

Interestingly, the company thinks of its formulas as working well in pairs. You don't have to utilize them as such, but it's helpful to know how they view their most effective combinations. The following list details their purported combined benefits.

Enhances focus, eliminates brain fog, and lets thoughts flow naturally

Gets you going, keeps you going, and never crashes

Sparks new ideas, inspires extroversion, and revels in openness

You'll usually only take one formula at a time, but these pairs may act synergistically for specific personality types or cognitive needs.

Note that your first shipment of Thesis will contain six individually packed doses for four of these six formulas. Thesis chooses these formulas for you based on the results of an intake questionnaire, but you can make adjustments to that shipment on the customer dashboard before the shipment leaves their warehouse.

Let's take a closer look at each formula as they would appear with caffeine included.

Thesis Clarity

Thesis Clarity relies on 7,8 DHF (dihydroxyflavone), Alpha GPC (glycerylphosphorylcholine), epicatechin, and lion's mane to increase blood flow to the brain and stimulate the production of acetylcholine, a powerful neurotransmitter associated with learning, memory, and attention. It's particularly adept at cutting through brain fog.

Here's a look at Clarity's full ingredients list:

• Alpha GPC: 500mg
• Lion's Mane Mushroom: 500mg
• Camellia sinensis tea leaf: 278mg
• Dihydroxyflavone: 30mg
• Caffeine: 100mg
• L-Theanine: 200mg

One dose of Clarity consists of four capsules for the caffeinated formula and three capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Logic

Thesis Logic contains triacetyluridine (TAU), which caters to the health of the entire central nervous system. It also uses phosphatidylserine to help facilitate communication between and protection of brain cells. 17

This is Logic’s complete ingredients list:

• Ginkgo Biloba: 160mg
• Theobromine: 100mg
• Phosphatidylserine: 400mg
• High DHA Algae: 200mg
• Triacetyluridine: 30mg
• Bacopa Monnieri: 320mg

One dose of Logic consists of four capsules for the caffeinated formula and three capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Energy

Thesis Energy uses cysteine and tyrosine alongside caffeine to deliver a steady energy supply. It also includes TeaCrine, a branded form of theacrine, which partners with caffeine to affect adenosine signaling and prevent fatigue.

Here’s a full list of Energy’s ingredients:

• Citicoline: 300mg
• Mango leaf: 300mg
• Theacrine: 100mg
• N-Acetyl cysteine: 500mg
• Indian trumpet tree: 100mg
• N-Acetyl L-tyrosine: 300mg

One dose of Energy consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Motivation

Blood flow and cellular function are at the core of Thesis Motivation . It employs artichoke extract, forskolin, and B12 to achieve these goals, with a healthy dose of phenylalanine for added focus and motivation.

Here's Motivation's full ingredients list:

• L-Phenylalanine: 500mg
• Methylliberine: 100mg
• Vitamin B12: 1000mcg
• Forskolin: 250mg
• Artichoke: 450mg

One dose of Motivation consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Creativity

Thesis Creativity aims to realign you with your inspiration by removing barriers caused by stress, anxiety, and depression. It contains ingredients with powerful anxiolytic properties and 5-HT reuptake inhibition.

Here's a look at Creativity’s ingredients list:

• Alpha GPC: 150mg
• Agmatine sulfate: 250mg
• Panax ginseng: 200mg
• Ashwagandha root: 300mg
• Sceletium tortuosum : 25mg

One dose of Creativity consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Thesis Confidence

Confidence is designed to work hand-in-hand with Creativity, using saffron and DHH-B from magnolia bark to increase dopamine levels and decrease anxiety. One fascinating ingredient in this formula is sage extract, which one 2021 study showed can help with various memory tasks, including name and face recognition. 18 It’s worth noting, though, that this study employed a 600mg dose compared to Thesis’ 333mg dose.

Here is Confidence's complete ingredients list:

• Saffron: 28mg
• Magnesium bisglycinate: 500mg
• Sage: 333mg
• Magnolia Bark: 10mg
• Ashwagandha leaf & root: 120mg

One dose of Confidence consists of three capsules for the caffeinated formula and two capsules for the stimulant-free formula.

Our Thesis testing results

Our testing team has tried every Thesis formula (with and without caffeine) to determine their short- and long-term efficacy, at least at an anecdotal level. Here’s a quick summary of our experiences:

Clarity provided our testers with a combined sense of focus and mental ease, though we mostly found that it worked best from its second day forward. The very first dose is mildly effective, but it served us better as a loading dose. We had no crash from either caffeinated or uncaffeinated formulas.

Our testers found that Logic provided a similar experience as Clarity, increasing focus and mental acuity, but the caffeinated formula caused a crash in two of our testers. By excluding the caffeine, that crash can be avoided, though that comes at the expense of some efficacy.

We were very curious about how this formula would perform without the caffeine. Our testers had a noticeable increase in energy without jitteriness about one hour after taking Energy. The caffeinated version caused the worst crash of all the formulas, but we were pleased to find that the formula without caffeine still provided noticeable energy increases without a crash.

Our testers are generally a pretty motivated bunch, so we might not have been the best group to evaluate this particular formula. The testers who felt an uptick in a sense of motivation described it more like a feeling of being able to follow through on tasks with less distraction and completion anxiety.

Creativity, like Clarity, seemed to work better for our testers on its second and third days than on its first. Testers generally described a sensation similar to Motivation but without the feeling of being “on rails,” as one tester put it. It seems to allow for more curiosity and exploration, though not necessarily as much follow-through.

This is Thesis’ newest formula, so fewer of our testers have tried it. Among those who have, one tester with a mild case of social anxiety described feeling a bit more relaxed among groups of people. Testers preferred this formula without caffeine.

Thesis pricing, shipping, and returns

Thesis keeps their price structure decidedly simple. This is refreshing, considering the range of nootropics they offer. You don't have to worry about one formula costing you more than another. However, Thesis doesn't make a non-subscription approach economically feasible.

Every Thesis shipment — including the starter pack — consists of four small boxes, each containing six doses of a single formula. That’s 24 doses/month.

Here's how it works:

• Any one-time purchase of a one-month supply, including the starter kit, costs $119.
• When you subscribe, that monthly cost is only $79.
• You can take an extra 10% off your first order with the coupon code INNERBODY

Subscriptions require an account with Thesis, which gives you access to a well-designed customer dashboard. This is where you can easily make formula adjustments, alter your shipping schedule, or cancel your subscription entirely.

Shipping from Thesis is free in the U.S., and the company offers a 30-day money-back guarantee. In our testing experience, we attempted a return on a second shipment into the subscription. While it isn’t the company’s policy to do so, they refunded our money and let us keep the product. This is similar to some other “Keep it” guarantees we’ve seen from competitors, and we appreciated it.

Getting started with Thesis Nootropics

Thesis' website is easy to navigate, but it is inconvenient that you must complete the signup questionnaire before accessing formula-specific pages. There are ways around this — like direct searching or just knowing the formula URLs — but we think reviewing formulas should be a little easier when you first get to the site. And you won’t be able to place an order for anything until you complete the questionnaire.

The user interface for managing your subscription is exceptionally intuitive. You can quickly adjust your formula combinations, specifying whether or not you want specific formulas to contain caffeine.

Setting up a subscription with Thesis is a straightforward process. Here are the basic steps:

• Take the Thesis quiz . This will create a starter kit specific to your results. (You can also build a box from scratch if you know which formulas you want to try.)
• Order your starter kit. We recommend going with the kit Thesis creates after your quiz, but if you change your mind, you can use the customer portal after placing your order to make any changes to the formula combination before it ships.
• Set up a coaching consultation. This is an optional step, but we recommend it and encourage you to have your first consultation before your kit arrives.
• Take your nootropics as needed. Most people can experience some of Thesis nootropics' benefits within a few hours of ingestion. Some ingredients and formulas may take a few days to produce results.
• Refine your order. As you near the end of your first month, you can head over to the Thesis website and customize your next order to include the formula or formulas you like most.
• Set up follow-up consultations as needed. These will help you refine your future orders and maximize your results.

When you subscribe to the starter kit, you will continue receiving that kit every month until you customize your order. Thesis divides their boxes into four six-dose supplies, and you can mix and match those supplies to suit your needs. For example, you could boost energy on the weekdays and creativity on the weekends by getting a one-month supply with 18 servings of Energy in three packages and six servings of Creativity in a single package.

Personalized insights and coaching

When you take the quiz on the Thesis website, you'll get personalized insights comparing your results to other quiz-takers and a data set developed from nearly 500 scientific studies. The parameters in your results cover don’t completely line up with their formulas, but they include:

These results inform the system to make recommendations for your starter kit. After you order, you can set up a consultation with a Thesis coach. These consultations are free, and you can have as many follow-up sessions as you like. Other companies have apps or online resources like blogs or courses to help you on your nootropic journey, but Thesis’ personalized coaching offers a unique approach and execution.

Consultation calls last around 15 minutes, though some of our testers had their sessions go longer as their coaches' schedules allowed. We received best practices information about taking nootropics that covered dose timing, formula application, and more. Some of our testers also received diet and exercise advice that coincided with their formulas.

Alternatives to Thesis

There are generally two tiers of products in the nootropics landscape. The lower tier consists of products that cost between $20 and $40. Many of these nootropics contain proprietary blends that obscure the exact quantities of ingredients, presumably so companies can use more of the least expensive components. Some companies in this tier disclose their ingredient quantities but may not source them from the highest quality suppliers or perform third-party testing of any kind.

Top brands in this tier include:

• Onnit Alpha BRAIN
• Moon Juice Brain Dust
• Focus Factor

The second tier — where you'll find Thesis — consists of more expensive nootropics that spell their contents out clearly, use high-quality ingredients, and often perform third-party testing to ensure safety and potency. Top brands in this tier include:

• Qualia Mind

Hunter Focus

We have a comprehensive breakdown of our top nootropics , but here's a concise breakdown of Thesis' most comparable competition.

TruBrain offers one of the widest varieties of nootropics of any company — one of the few catalogs that rivals the variety Thesis offers. They also have some novel and beneficial delivery methods for their nootropic ingredients. Those include energy bars and liquid shots that are outstanding for anyone with difficulty swallowing pills.

TruBrain offers their nootropics in a targeted fashion, not unlike what you get from Thesis. They formerly offered their targeted blends in shot form only, but now you can get any of these targeted blends in capsule or liquid shot form. The shots come in small 1oz pouches that make them easy to take anywhere.

TruBrain's targeted blends include:

This is TruBrain's original blend. It contains seven nootropics, including Noopept, a branded form of N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester. This blend is caffeine-free.

The Strong blend is identical to the Medium formulation in contents and doses, but it also contains 100mg of caffeine.

The Extra Strong formula builds on the Strong blend by adding 150mg of adrafinil (2-(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl-N-hydroxyacetamide). 21 This wakefulness-promoting substance may also help with weight loss and athletic performance.

TruBrain's Sleep formula contains just four nootropic ingredients: GABA, melatonin, 5-HTP, and a blend that TruBrain calls "functional oils."

Mellow is identical to the medium strength formula, but it adds the functional oil combination used in Sleep.

This formula contains Lion's mane, a mushroom that may promote neural growth , though human studies are necessary to determine if this is true. 22 Its other nootropic ingredients are rhodiola, guayusa, and rosehips.

A 30-day supply of TruBrain nootropic shots costs $89. That's $10 more than the subscription cost for a one-month supply of Thesis. Some of their shots contain caffeine, and others don't. If it already contains caffeine, there's no way to alter a TruBrain formula to be stimulant-free.

The first month of TruBrain capsules costs a bit less, coming in at $69. After your first month, however, the price goes up to $119. That makes Thesis the better value, but if you want the best possible nootropics for sleep support, it might be worth the extra money to check out TruBrain.

Qualia Mind is a brand under the Neurohacker Collective, a company that offers several products to address things like sleep quality, skin health, and vision. They have three nootropics available:

• Qualia Mind Caffeine-Free
• Qualia Mind Focus

Their original blend is comprehensive, consisting of nearly 30 ingredients in high doses. That means it's liable to provide you with noticeable effects. It also means you might not know which of those effects are coming from which ingredients, and some of the less beneficial components in your body may also have side effects you'd rather avoid.

The caffeine-free version is identical to the original formula but leaves the caffeine out. Qualia Focus is a more streamlined offering with only seven nootropic ingredients, including caffeine, L-theanine, and L-ornithine. 23

Initial shipments from Qualia Mind are significantly discounted, but after the first month, the price makes theirs one of the most expensive nootropics we've tested. For example, the first month of a subscription to Qualia Mind costs just $39. After that, it costs $139/month. And a one-time purchase is $159.

One inconvenient aspect of Qualia Mind is that a single dose consists of seven capsules, which can get tiresome even for people who don't have trouble swallowing pills. On the bright side, Qualia's 100-day money-back guarantee allows you to try it for a little over three months to determine if you can handle that kind of daily dosing.

Hunter Focus is one of three supplements in the Hunter stack alongside the company's Test and Burn supplements. The stack is intended for male use — Test is a testosterone supplement — but Focus and Burn are suitable for men and women.

Like Qualia Mind, Focus has a long list of ingredients in generous doses. In fact, one serving of Hunter Focus is like taking all six of Thesis' formulas at once. That said, the serving itself is difficult to swallow, as it consists of six large pills.

Another knock on Hunter is that they don't offer a subscription system. That means you can't get an extra discount, and you must remember to reorder when you're running low (theoretically, a nootropic like this should boost your memory). There's also no money-back guarantee to speak of, only a return policy with a relatively short window that only applies to unopened products.

One bottle of Hunter Focus costs $90, and shipping is $8.95 unless you buy more than one bottle at a time. The company will throw a fourth in for free if you buy three bottles at once. That's the only way to get any savings through Hunter.

Individual nootropic components

Many companies offer combinations of nootropic ingredients to perform specific brain-related tasks or even provide globally positive cognitive benefits. However, the scientific research behind most of these ingredients almost always includes just one rather than a combination. Some people prefer to try one at a time to minimize the potential for side effects and determine if one particular ingredient works for them. A few companies offer single-ingredient nootropic supplements for this specific purpose.

Our favorite company dealing in individual nootropic components is Nootropics Depot. They offer a wide variety of single-ingredient supplements and a few targeted blends. The prices are generally fair, with an average range running from $16-$70. A 30-day money-back guarantee covers every purchase, and you get free shipping on orders over $50.

Nootropics FAQ

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Specific nootropics affect different parts of the brain in their own ways. Some — like caffeine — reduce fatigue by blocking adenosine receptors, while others act to protect neural connections that are already present while possibly contributing to new neural growth. 24 Some also mitigate depression and anxiety, which frees up the brain to perform at its best.

Are nootropics safe?

The safety of a nootropic depends on the specific ingredients involved. Many are perfectly safe in the doses commonly employed by nootropic companies, but some can cause reactions like increased heart rate, gastrointestinal discomfort, headache, and even tremors. The smartest thing to do is to talk to your doctor before introducing any new supplement to your regimen.

Do nootropics really work?

Many nootropic supplements are noticeably effective — caffeine is a great example. Efficacy varies depending on the specific component or combination. Fortunately, a lot of companies offer money-back guarantees, so you can try their products to see if they work for you without much financial risk.

Will nootropics make me smarter?

Nootropics won't necessarily make you smarter, but many can increase your alertness, improve short-term recall, and promote neural growth and protection. That creates a great environment for learning if you apply yourself while using nootropics, and many ingredients can help you with the motivation it takes to do so.

How do you pronounce nootropics?

The 'noo' in nootropics comes from the Greek nous , which philosophers use to mean mind or intelligence. The 'tropic' in nootropic comes from the Greek tropikos , which relates to turning or changing. So, nootropic roughly translates to mind-changing. You pronounce the 'noo' like 'new' and the 'tropic' with a long O sound, like 'toe pick.'

Innerbody uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

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Thesis Nootropics Review: Unveiling the Effects on Cognitive Enhancement

Nootropics , often referred to as “smart drugs” or cognitive enhancers, have gained popularity for their potential to improve mental functions such as cognition, memory , intelligence, motivation, attention, and concentration . As an avid researcher in the field of cognitive enhancement , I have come across various products that claim to offer these benefits. Thesis, a company that provides personalized nootropic stacks, presents a unique approach to cognitive enhancement by customizing supplements to match individual needs and goals.

My personal journey with nootropics led me to investigate Thesis Nootropics further. Their promise hinges on the tailoring of their product to the user’s specific cognitive profile. This level of customization is intended to maximize the benefits while minimizing potential side effects. In reviewing Thesis Nootropics, I examined the ingredients used, the science behind them, the efficacy as reported by users, and how they compare to other products in the market.

Key Takeaways

• Thesis provides personalized nootropic stacks to enhance cognitive functions.
• Customization of supplements is designed to optimize benefits and reduce side effects.
• Examining user experiences and comparative analysis is crucial in evaluating Thesis Nootropics.

Understanding Nootropics

Nootropics, often referred to as “smart drugs,” have garnered attention for their potential cognitive benefits . I’ll give you an overview of their history and types, specifically focusing on natural versus synthetic variants.

History and Definition

Nootropics, a term coined in 1972 by psychologist Corneliu E. Giurgea, refer to substances that can improve mental performance. Initially, nootropics were associated with compounds that met very specific criteria that include the enhancement of learning and memory while providing protection to the brain under various conditions. The concept has since expanded to include a variety of nootropic supplements that claim to boost cognitive functions such as memory, creativity, and motivation.

Natural vs. Synthetic

Natural nootropics are compounds found in nature such as herbs and plant extracts that may offer cognitive enhancements. Common examples include:

• Ginkgo Biloba: Often used with an aim to improve memory.
• Panax Ginseng : Sought for its potential to boost brain function.

Conversely, synthetic nootropics are manufactured compounds like racetams and amphetamine derivatives. They include:

• Piracetam: The first synthetic nootropic, designed to aid in memory and learning.
• Modafinil: Prescribed for sleep disorders but often used off-label for its concentration-enhancing effects.

Both types aim to offer cognitive benefits, but their effects and mechanisms can widely differ. Natural nootropics are typically preferred by those seeking milder effects and a more holistic approach, whereas synthetic ones are chosen for their strong, targeted actions.

Thesis Nootropics Specifics

I’ve researched Thesis Nootropics intricately to provide accurate details on their product lineup, the customization process, and the intricacies of their subscription model.

Product Offerings

Thesis Nootropics presents a range of dietary supplements, each targeting specific cognitive functions. Their offerings typically include Thesis Energy , designed to boost stamina and focus , Thesis Clarity , intended to enhance cognitive sharpness, and Thesis Motivation , aimed at increasing users’ drive and productivity. The ingredients in these supplements range from natural extracts to amino acids , all selected for their potential nootropic properties.

• Thesis Energy : Ingredients such as caffeine and L-theanine
• Thesis Clarity : Includes nootropics like Rhodiola Rosea
• Thesis Motivation : Features compounds such as sulbutiamine

Thesis Customization

The cornerstone of Thesis Nootropics is personalization. Upon embarking on their nootropic journey, customers receive a starter kit which allows them to test different ingredients and track their effects. This process is critical in developing personalized blends that match individual cognitive needs and goals. I appreciate that this approach acknowledges biological uniqueness and optimizes supplementation for personal effectiveness.

Subscription Model

Thesis offers their nootropic supplements through a monthly subscription model. After the initial starter kit evaluation phase, customers receive monthly deliveries of their tailored supplements. Subscriptions provide convenience and ensure continuous use for consistent cognitive support. This model necessitates a commitment but also emphasizes regularity in pursuing cognitive enhancement.

• Monthly Deliveries: Ensures a steady supply of personalized nootropic blends
• Subscription Cycles: Typically require a monthly payment with the flexibility to pause or cancel

The focus on specifics ensures that you possess a clear understanding of what Thesis Nootropics brings to the table in terms of products, customization, and purchase options.

Benefits and Efficacy

In evaluating Thesis Nootropics, I’ve found that the primary benefits are centered around enhancing cognitive function and managing mood and stress, both essential for optimal mental performance.

Cognitive Function Enhancement

Energy & Concentration: Users report heightened energy levels, which appear to correlate with an increased ability to focus and maintain concentration. This makes tackling complex tasks somewhat easier.

Memory & Clarity: Memory recall and mental clarity are also areas where Thesis Nootropics shows potential. My review notes improvements in these domains, supporting better retention of information and clearer cognitive processing.

Motivation & Creativity: There’s mention of an uptick in motivation, alongside a conducive environment for creativity. This is pertinent for those requiring innovative thinking in their daily activities.

Mood and Stress Management

Mood Improvement : Regular intake of Thesis Nootropics may lead to a stabilized and improved mood, as suggested by my analysis and user testimonials. This is vital for sustained cognitive performance.

Stress Reduction: Stress levels reportedly see a downward trend with these nootropics. My observations concur, and lower stress is indispensable for reducing cognitive friction and the dreaded brain fog.

Potential Side Effects and Safety

In assessing the side effects and safety of Thesis Nootropics, I focus on the documented experiences of users and the available clinical evidence supporting safety claims.

Common Concerns

Side effects : In my examination, users have reported various side effects that may include headache , anxiety, and jitteriness—typically associated with products containing caffeine . While individual tolerance varies, I have observed these reports to be relatively infrequent.

• Headache : Possible in sensitive individuals or new users.
• Anxiety : Can occur, particularly in formulations with high stimulant content.
• Interactions : As with any supplement, a check for potential interactions with prescription medication is prudent.

Clinical Evidence

Clinical Trials : Thesis Nootropics’ safety profiles are often supported by studies on individual ingredients rather than on the products themselves. Comprehensive, product-specific clinical trials that are peer-reviewed and FDA-recognized remain limited.

• Caffeine : Investigations affirm it’s generally safe in moderate amounts; however, excessive intake can lead to side effects.
• FDA Oversight : Dietary supplements like Thesis Nootropics are not as stringently regulated as prescription medications, hence the FDA does not approve them. However, safety can be inferred from the FDA’s guidelines on individual ingredients.

Comparative Analysis

In this section, I examine how Thesis Nootropics stack up against other prominent brands in the market and assess their value for money.

Thesis vs. Other Brands

Thesis Nootropics stand out due to their personalized approach to cognitive enhancement. Customers complete an assessment that tailors the nootropics stack to their individual needs.

• Mind Lab Pro offers a universal nootropic aiming to target all areas of cognitive function without personalized stacks. It has received acclaim for its comprehensive formula .
• Onnit’s Alpha Brain is another competitor, well-known for celebrity endorsements and a formula that supports memory, focus, and cognitive processing without the need for personalization.

When looking at customer reviews , Thesis seems to have a strong following due to its bespoke service. On the other hand, both Mind Lab Pro and Alpha Brain have amassed numerous reviews praising their effectiveness for a broader audience.

Pros of Thesis: personalized approach, tailored benefits. Cons of Thesis: may be costlier due to customization, less known than other brands.

Pros of Mind Lab Pro: broad-appeal formula, strong market presence. Cons of Mind Lab Pro: lacks personalization, potential overkill of ingredients for some.

Pros of Alpha Brain: popularized by endorsements, focus on cognitive processing. Cons of Alpha Brain: potential variability in individual results, less tailored experience.

Cost-Benefit Consideration

When I consider the price of Thesis, it is generally on the higher side due to the personalized nature of the product. However, my logic dictates that the cost could be justified if the tailored stacks lead to more noticeable improvements in cognitive function.

• Thesis sells their personalized nootropics starting at a certain price point that can go up depending on the customization.
• Mind Lab Pro comes at a set price, positioning itself as a one-size-fits-all solution, potentially more cost-effective for those not seeking personalization.
• Alpha Brain is similar to Mind Lab Pro in pricing but frequently offers deals and discounts which may make it a more attractive option for budget-conscious consumers.

To decide if Thesis is worth it , compare:

• Price: Higher for customization.
• Buy: Direct and through subscriptions for ongoing benefits.
• Reviews: Positive for the personalized approach.
• Comparison: More expensive than some, but the cost is justified for users who value bespoke formulas.

The deciding factor often comes down to whether an individual prefers a personalized approach or a generalized formula that has been traditionally popular in the market.

User Experience and Reviews

In this section, I will provide a detailed look at what consumers and professionals are saying about Thesis Nootropics. I seek to offer a balanced and informed perspective on the real-world impact these supplements have on cognitive performance.

Customer Testimonials

Thesis Nootropics have been met with a broad spectrum of feedback from users who typically emphasize gains in focus, clarity, and energy levels. Below is a curated selection of customer testimonials:

Professional Opinions

In the realm of expert analysis, coaches and neuroscientists have offered their professional outlook on Thesis Nootropics. The consensus is that these supplements provide a tailored approach to cognitive enhancement, by customizing nootropic blends to individual needs.

• Dr. Aiden Smith, Neuroscientist : “Thesis Nootropics offer an innovative approach to cognitive support, backed by scientific research in neurology.”
• Coach Jennifer Lynn , Cognitive Performance Coach: “My clients report clear, sustained focus and improved mental energy when incorporating Thesis into their wellness routine.”

Frequently Asked Questions

In this section, I provide answers to some of the most common inquiries regarding Thesis nootropics. I focus on ingredients, comparisons with pharmaceuticals, potential benefits, side effects, user feedback, and top-rated alternatives for cognitive enhancement.

What are the main ingredients in Thesis nootropics and how do they work?

The main ingredients in Thesis nootropics include a range of vitamins, amino acids, and herbal extracts, each serving a specific function. Ingredients like Rhodiola and Bacopa enhance memory and focus, while L-Theanine and caffeine stimulate alertness and cognitive performance.

How do Thesis nootropics compare to Adderall in terms of effects and safety?

While Adderall is a prescription medication primarily used to treat ADHD, Thesis nootropics are over-the-counter supplements aimed at boosting cognitive performance. Adderall contains amphetamine salts, which have a significant impact on neurotransmitters but also carry a higher risk of side effects and dependency. Thesis nootropics offer a milder, non-prescription alternative with a focus on safety and minimal side effects.

Can Thesis nootropics potentially improve attention and focus in individuals with ADHD?

Some users with ADHD may find the ingredients in Thesis nootropics beneficial for improving attention and focus. However, Thesis products are not approved as a treatment for ADHD by the FDA, and individuals with ADHD should consult with a healthcare provider before using these supplements.

What are the reported side effects of taking Thesis nootropics?

The reported side effects of Thesis nootropics tend to be mild and can include jitteriness, stomach upset, or headaches. These are typically dosage-dependent and can often be mitigated by adjusting the intake.

How effective are Thesis nootropics according to user reviews?

User reviews generally suggest that Thesis nootropics are effective for enhancing cognitive functions such as focus, memory, and mental clarity. Effectiveness can vary individually, but many users report noticeable improvements after consistent use.

What nootropic is considered the highest-rated for cognitive enhancement?

While individual experiences may vary, many users and experts consider modafinil to be one of the highest-rated nootropics for cognitive enhancement. It is often praised for its ability to increase wakefulness, focus, and productivity. However, it is important to note that modafinil is a prescription medication and should be used under medical supervision.

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Thesis: The Personalized, Just for You Nootropics Experience

Wondering if Thesis is right for you? Let’s take a deep dive into the Thesis process and formulas so you can decide for yourself whether Thesis is the nootropics solution for you.

From the minute you take the short quiz that generates a personalized formula to the moment you receive the starter pack of nootropic goodies, Thesis provides you a custom experience unlike any nootropic or supplement you’ve ever tried before.

What makes Thesis unique is that they do all the legwork for you. With coaching support, they’ll narrow down what will likely work best for you, then you have the opportunity to experiment with over thirty high-quality ingredients in a systematic way that yields real results.

Thesis will help you find a blend that’s tailored to your goals, lifestyle, and genetics — for a custom, made just for you nootropic experience.

How Thesis Works

Whether you’re a seasoned fan of Thesis nootropics or just wondering how Thesis personalized formulas can fire up your brainpower, here are all the details you need.

Take the quick and easy quiz to find the right formula for you. You’ll just have to answer a few simple questions about your lifestyle and goals…and then swoosh the system generates a shiny new set of nootropic recommendations just for you. How is Thesis able to determine exactly what’s likely to help you the most? Well, their formulas are rooted in cutting-edge science and then melded with data collected from over 30K customers.

The result is spot-on, ridiculously accurate recommendations every time.

Thesis will send you a four-week starter pack. This is where the fun begins. You’ll experience the magic of nootropics. Feel the difference as your neurotransmitters begin to fire differently. And get to know how your formula makes you feel.

Step Three:

Now, it’s time to tweak. Maybe once your brain fog clears, you realize you need a little more energy in the mornings. Or you thought your mood was your main concern but turns out you really need a bit of a boost in the focus and memory department, too. The best part? You d

on’t have to figure all of this out on your own. Thesis’ expert coaches will help you figure out how to best maximize your supplements and find your brain bliss.

What To Expect From Thesis

Thesis formulas are designed to help you accomplish your goals. Thesis is crafted from the highest-quality, U.S.-sourced ingredients and their formulas are manufactured in FDA-certified facilities. They’re also third-party verified for purity and quality. In short, you can trust every one of their ingredients to bring you the brain boost you want and the peace of mind you need — you can rest easy knowing Thesis products are safely created and sourced.

Receiving Your First Shipment

If you were to explore this process on your own, it would cost over $800, take six months to complete, and would likely not provide the same results.

When you get your first shipment of Thesis, it’s kind of like the first day of the rest of your life. After you do a happy dance and open your package, you’ll find all of the details and instructions you need to make sure you get the most of your specific formula.

As a general rule, it’s recommended to:

• Take your Thesis early in the day (or about thirty minutes before an important task)
• Take your Thesis on an empty stomach
• Keep a log of your Thesis journey. Taking notes regarding your mood, focus, and energy levels can help you realize how far you’ve come…and figure out what else you need to feel your absolute best
• When in doubt, reach out. You can book a consult with a nootropics expert at any time on the Thesis website, or reach out via email, phone, or text.

How Thesis Makes You Feel

Don’t be surprised if you feel something pretty quickly. Thesis formulas are designed to give you totally crash-free improvements in mood, focus, and energy right off the bat.

You’ll also notice that your results compound over time. You’ll be able to tell after a month or so that your brain is stronger than it was before.

But everyone’s brain is different, and nootropics are not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Which is why Thesis offers you the flexibility to tinker with your formula as much as you need to… to get to the other side of optimization. The other side is a pretty sweet place to be, too. It feels like banishing brain fog, finding your motivation , ditching procrastination, and generally getting unstuck from those pesky neurotransmitter imbalances that are holding you back from living your best life.

Some folks require a bit of an adjustment period, and it takes them a bit longer to feel the effects of their Thesis stack. If that’s you, don’t worry. If you stick with it and commit to finding your perfect blend, you’ll find the benefits you’re after.

Long Term Benefits Of Taking Thesis

One of the things we love about nootropics is that their benefits compound over time. Which means the longer you stick with your Thesis regimen, the better your brain will respond.

What Happens If You Don’t Love Your Nootropic Stack?

You don’t have to commit to a formula or an ingredient that you don’t love. With Thesis, you can adjust your stack infinitely until you find the one that works best for you.

Which Thesis Formula Should I Take?

Which Thesis formula you choose is based entirely on your goals, genetics, and lifestyle.

But if you have an idea of what you’d like to enhance in your brain, here’s an outline of the basic blends and some of the key ingredients they include.

This formula helps get those creative juices flowing. For those times where you feel stuck, frustrated, and unable to move past your blocks.

Our Clarity formula is kind of like a chill pill. It helps you become a calm, focused zen master — no matter how stressful your situation may be.

Motivation you can access at will, plus the self-discipline and focus to make things happen? That’s the kind of procrastination buster Motivation is.

If your energy’s low, it’s hard to accomplish much. Which is where our energy formula comes in. This crash-free formulation is our most stimulating, which means it gives you the get-up and go you need to get stuff done. It also means that you may no longer find the need for coffee in the morning.

Logic is the formula to turn to when you need to tackle a big project. It’s kind of like a real-life thinking cap.

Feel The Thesis Difference For Yourself

Pop on over and take the short quiz . It will only take a few minutes, promise! Within days, you’ll be able to check out your starter pack and be well on your way to optimizing your brainpower.

Click here to take the quiz and get started.

References [ + ]

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June 2, 2023 - Q&A

Dan Freed, Co-founder & CEO of Thesis

Personalized nootropics for cognitive performance..

In this Q&A, you’ll hear from Dan Freed, co-founder & CEO of Thesis, a personalized nootropic company. Dan talks about how his own struggles with focus led him on a path to self-experimentation and the first iteration of his company. He also details the market for cognitive performance products and future plans following Thesis’ recent Series A fundraise.

Can you tell us about what you’re working on at Thesis?

Dan Freed: Thesis offers a customized approach to cognitive performance products, known as nootropics, based on the user’s unique brain chemistry. Through the highest-quality ingredients, Thesis helps people boost their cognition and productivity.

While other nootropic brands take a one-size-fits-all approach, Thesis is customized to each person’s unique brain chemistry. We give customers the opportunity to experiment with the ingredients in a systematic way that maximizes results.

We condensed a process that would otherwise cost thousands of dollars and take six months to complete into a $79, one-month process to test different formulas and find the combinations of ingredients that work best for each person.

Our inputs are all tested for purity by third-party labs, the gold standard for safety. All of our products are manufactured in the United States in facilities following FDA supplement manufacturing guidelines (CGMP regulations).

Also, we have some of the strongest health and wellness advocates using our product, including Dr. Andrew Huberman, Rich Roll, Kevin Love, and Kate Bock.

How did you come up with the idea? What key insight led you to pursue this opportunity?

DF: For as long as I can remember, I’ve had trouble focusing. I dropped out of high school after failing all of my classes, and people always thought that I was lazy or stupid. I worked at a sandwich shop before I got my big break in the culinary industry in my 20s.

Despite having success in hospitality, I got burnt out and decided to go back to school. When I tried to study again, I faced the same difficulties in focusing that I experienced growing up. I did a ton of online research and discovered nootropics, a class of supplements that enhance cognitive performance.

Only after trying them did I find my true potential. I was never lazy or stupid; I just couldn’t focus. My brain chemistry wasn’t set up to function in the traditional structure of the American educational system. When I found the right combination of nootropics that worked for my brain, I was able to adapt and succeed in a way that I never thought would be possible.

Because nootropics were so impactful for me, I became an evangelist. Before I found nootropics, my inability to focus caused a lot of pain in my life. One of the most gratifying things to me is when I share my story and people say that it reminds them of themselves, their siblings, or their friends — and then they try nootropics and have success with them.

There is an enormous amount of people who aren’t living up to their potential, not because they aren’t intelligent but because they don’t have the tools they need to adapt to today’s modern work and educational environment.

So, I started giving away nootropics to my friends and family, and one of the first realizations I had was that the ingredients that worked for me didn’t work for everyone.

The core idea that Thesis was built on was that I could create a system that would allow people to quickly iterate and find the combinations of nootropic ingredients that worked for them.

Though, nootropics aren’t the silver bullet; there isn’t one set of pills that will fix everyone, but they are a cornerstone habit that, along with other healthy habits like exercise and meditation, can be completely transformative.

I’ve taken nootropics for ten years now, and I would not be able to function in my current responsibilities without them.

How did you turn your idea into a company?

DF: Our first 20 customers were my friends, and Thesis was still just a hobby and an experiment to see if I could create something that solved this very unique challenge of helping people find what nootropics worked for them.

I received overwhelmingly positive feedback from my first customers about the idea of creating a system for personalized nootropics to achieve better results. From there, I refined the product, made it easier to use, and it started spreading through word of mouth. Before I knew it, I was running around New York delivering boxes of nootropics, and that’s when I decided to turn it into a business.

I was building the company out of my apartment, and my first hire was my old roommate, who was an engineer. He worked with me part-time and helped to build the website as we started serving more customers.

About six months in, I was working around the clock and was stretched incredibly thin. I couldn’t keep up with orders and regular maintenance of the website. He quit his job without me even asking and said what I was building was really special, but I needed help to turn it into what it could be.

We started the company when no one knew what nootropics were. I pitched investors over and over again, but they were skeptical about the product and market, and I kept getting rejected. Because of that, all of our early angel investors were friends and customers. I maxed out all my credit cards and moved into the tiniest apartment I could find. I put everything I had into keeping the business running.

Once we got our first hundred customers, we started doing light advertising, and it took a couple of years to get to the first few thousand customers. We were constantly iterating on the product and the brand through that time, and we hit an inflection point at 2.5K customers.

That’s when the flywheel effect of growth took off.

We didn’t raise our first venture round until we were earning a million dollars per month in revenue. At this point, nootropics were starting to become more mainstream. Given our strong metrics, we raised a $5M seed round, but it took years and hundreds of rejections prior. Now, riding the momentum, we’re excited to have just raised over $8M in a Series A round.

How big can this get? What’s the addressable market and how do you go about capturing it?

DF: Thesis is the first line of defense for people who have trouble focusing and being productive — which, unfortunately, is all too common in today’s world.

Given macro trends like TikTok, smartphones, working from home, and more, people are struggling to focus more than ever, and nootropics is a category in hyper-growth ($14B global market in 2023).

A strength of ours, Thesis offers a highly effective, approachable product to introduce people to nootropics.

Who is the core customer? How are you acquiring customers? And how will you grow the customer base?

DF: Our customers are all people who have goals they want to achieve but who are fighting mental barriers that are holding them back from making the most of their potential.

Before completely profiling our customer, it may be helpful to share who shouldn’t take nootropics, too.

I remember growing up, my sister (who is now a doctor) would come home from school, sit down, and diligently work on her homework. She didn’t struggle with the same barriers to focus with which I struggled. She had evolved and adapted to working in a structured environment, and she excelled at it. If this applies to you, and if you’re able to get stuff done and feel like you’re meeting your potential, then you don’t need nootropics.

However, if my story resonates with you, and if you feel like you aren’t living up to what you could accomplish because your personal limitations are getting in the way, then you should try nootropics. Your limitations don’t need to be as severe as mine were; if you struggle to achieve your goals and establish healthy habits, nootropics could unblock you and help you gain momentum.

Nootropics is a new category, and as some influencers in the space start evangelizing them, they’re starting to show up in functional foods and beverages and on the shelves of grocery stores. Whereas before, when our acquisition strategy focused on educating people about what nootropics are, we are now able to educate people on why Thesis is the best solution in the category, becoming a thought leader as nootropics experience explosive growth.

To continue to grow our customer base, we will invest heavily in content and community for two key reasons: First, we already have a strong and active community and want to provide tools to help our community to support each other. Second, nootropics alone are not magic pills; to have a transformative impact, nootropics must be combined with healthy habits.

We strongly believe in educating our customers about the habits that, together with nootropics, help people achieve their goals.

Looking at your road map, what are some of the milestones you’re targeting over the next 3-6 months?

DF: Our main focus for the next six months is hiring. We just closed our Series A round, and most of our time will be spent now on building our executive team to set us up for explosive growth. Our focus now is on the long term, taking our company to $100M in revenue per year and beyond.

In the near term, we are expanding our offerings on both a product level and a content and community level. Nootropics have been transformative for me, and I’ve taken them daily for the last 10 years, but nootropics alone can only do so much.

To see incredible results, you have to combine the right nootropics with healthy habits. We’re building a content strategy that will help people develop and maintain healthy habits to get the most transformative results.

Another thing we’re really excited about is our second product line, Stasis. Stasis was born from a different customer need. We watched so many people take stimulants and deal with the downsides of taking them, so we created a formulation specifically designed to support the brains of people taking stimulants. We launched Stasis eight months ago, and it has exceeded all of our expectations.

Anything else you’d like to share with readers?

DF: Because nootropics are a new category, it’s hard enough to get people to try them, and when they finally do, people will often choose a brand that isn’t good and will only try them once.

They’ll buy a mushroom coffee or nootropic drink and then will give up on the category after they didn’t experience a great result. It took me months of experimenting and combing through many ineffective products to experience transformational results. If you’re looking to try nootropics, you need to evaluate the product’s ingredients and dosages.

All products that contain the same ingredients are not created equal. A lot of companies under-dose active ingredients and also use inferior ingredients.

For example, just because a product says it includes Lion’s Mane doesn’t mean you will actually receive the benefits of Lion’s Mane; you need 500 milligrams of Lion’s Mane to receive an effective dose. In addition, not all Lion’s Mane is created equal, and most brands include the cheapest available on the market.

At Thesis, one of our core differentiators is that we use the strongest, most effective ingredients available, at the highest possible dosage. All of Thesis’ ingredients and formulas are third-party lab tested to ensure they are effective dosages of the most potent ingredients, and we have enough variety in our product mix that a majority of people will find at least one formula that works well for them.

Related reading from Fitt Insider: Issue No. 171: The State of Supplements

If you’re interested in having your company featured in our Startup Q&A series, send an email to [email protected].

Sara Cullen, Founder of GEM

June 28, 2024 - Q&A

Nanea Reeves, Founder & CEO of TRIPP

June 24, 2024 - Q&A

Sarah Reynolds, Co-founder and CTO of Millie

May 28, 2024 - Q&A

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Benefits and Harms of ‘Smart Drugs’ (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals

• Review Article
• Published: 02 April 2022
• Volume 82 , pages 633–647, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

• Fabrizio Schifano 1 ,
• Valeria Catalani 1 ,
• Safia Sharif 1 ,
• Flavia Napoletano 2 ,
• John Martin Corkery 1 ,
• Davide Arillotta 1 ,
• Suzanne Fergus 1 ,
• Alessandro Vento 3 , 4 , 5 &
• Amira Guirguis 1 , 6  

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A Correction to this article was published on 27 April 2022

This article has been updated

‘Smart drugs’ (also known as ‘nootropics’ and ‘cognitive enhancers’ [CEs]) are being used by healthy subjects (i.e. students and workers) typically to improve memory, attention, learning, executive functions and vigilance, hence the reference to a ‘pharmaceutical cognitive doping behaviour’. While the efficacy of known CEs in individuals with memory or learning deficits is well known, their effect on non-impaired brains is still to be fully assessed. This paper aims to provide an overview on the prevalence of use; putative neuroenhancement benefits and possible harms relating to the intake of the most popular CEs (e.g. amphetamine-type stimulants, methylphenidate, donepezil, selegiline, modafinil, piracetam, benzodiazepine inverse agonists, and unifiram analogues) in healthy individuals. CEs are generally perceived by the users as effective, with related enthusiastic anecdotal reports; however, their efficacy in healthy individuals is uncertain and any reported improvement temporary. Conversely, since most CEs are stimulants, the related modulation of central noradrenaline, glutamate, and dopamine levels may lead to cardiovascular, neurological and psychopathological complications. Furthermore, use of CEs can be associated with paradoxical short- and long-term cognitive decline; decreased potential for plastic learning; and addictive behaviour. Finally, the non-medical use of any potent psychotropic raises serious ethical and legal issues, with nootropics having the potential to become a major public health concern. Further studies investigating CE-associated social, psychological, and biological outcomes are urgently needed to allow firm conclusions to be drawn on the appropriateness of CE use in healthy individuals.

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Substances used and prevalence rates of pharmacological cognitive enhancement among healthy subjects

Is methylphenidate beneficial and safe in pharmacological cognitive enhancement.

Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Substances and Epidemiology

Change history, 27 april 2022.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01716-0

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Schifano, F., Catalani, V., Sharif, S. et al. Benefits and Harms of ‘Smart Drugs’ (Nootropics) in Healthy Individuals. Drugs 82 , 633–647 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-022-01701-7

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Thesis Review: Are Personalized Nootropics Legit?

Calloway Cook Calloway Cook is the President of Illuminate Labs and has reviewed over 1,000 clinical trials. See full bio . , Author | Taylor Graber MD Taylor Graber is a Medical Doctor (MD) and a practicing anaesthesiologist. He's also an entrepreneur who runs a health and wellness startup. See full bio . , Medical Reviewer Last updated: Nov 05, 2023

Calloway Cook Calloway Cook is the President of Illuminate Labs and has reviewed over 1,000 clinical trials. See full bio . , Author

Taylor Graber MD Taylor Graber is a Medical Doctor (MD) and a practicing anaesthesiologist. He's also an entrepreneur who runs a health and wellness startup. See full bio . , Medical Reviewer Last updated: Nov 05, 2023

We review published medical research in respected scientific journals to arrive at our conclusions about a product or health topic. This ensures the highest standard of scientific accuracy.

Illuminate Labs has a team of medical experts including doctors and Registered Dietitians who are assigned to review the accuracy of health claims and medical research summaries based on the relevancy of their expertise to the article topic.

The focus of our articles is to share our opinion on the potential efficacy and safety of health trends and products.

T hesis is a wellness brand that sells personalized nootropics. The brand sells supplements with unique names like “Creativity” and “Motivation,” and claims that their individualized products are “based on your unique brain chemistry.”

But is there legitimate research backing personalized nootropics or is this just a marketing spin? Why does the brand ask for so much personal data? Are their supplements well-formulated? And how do real users rate and describe the effects of Thesis?

In this article we’ll answer all of these questions and more as we share our concerns about the marketing practices and health claims of Thesis.

We’ll also analyze the ingredients in one of their formulations based on medical research to give our take on whether or not it's likely to be effective. We’ll share customer reviews of Thesis nootropics including some from individuals with ADHD.

Is the “Personalized” Approach Fake?

The branding around Thesis is of “personalized nootropic formulas,” however this may be entirely untrue.

We submitted test answers into the health intake form of their site, along with a fake email, and after submitting all of this information we were brought to their “Starter Kit” landing page which is accessible at this link .

If you access the above link in a new window, the products suggested are the exact same, which suggests that Thesis is really collecting sensitive customer health data based on the guise of “personalized” supplements, while providing no additional value, which is a highly questionable marketing approach in our opinion.

The concept of “personalized nootropics” doesn’t even make sense, because the manufacturer would have to literally formulate and package them when a customer placed an order, unique to each customer’s order which is highly unlikely. It would make no business sense for a company to formulate millions of unique products and would be logistically impossible.

It appears that Thesis simply recommends some of their supplements to consumers based on their needs, which is not a “personalized nootropic formula,” it’s a personalized recommendation which literally any brand could offer.

This leads us to our second concern about this brand.

Rather than simply selling supplements, they require users to complete a questionnaire which asks a number of sensitive health questions. 

As shown above, the brand requires users to answer questions about their gender identity and their alcoholic intake in their health quiz. What does this have anything to do with nootropics, and why would any user share this data with a random supplement startup?

We would recommend avoiding this brand based on these marketing and data collection practices alone, but in the next section we’ll analyze the formulation of one of their products.

Ingredient Analysis

Thesis’ “Motivation Formula” contains five active ingredients: l-phenylalanine, Dynamine, vitamin B12, forskolin and artichoke extract.

L-phenylalanine is an amino acid that Thesis describes as supporting mood, attention and motivation, however these claims are uncited and we can’t find any medical evidence supporting them. 

Most of the clinical research we found on this ingredient involves obesity, with this clinical trial finding that l-phenylalanine may increase the sense of fullness and decrease calories consumed in overweight individuals, but only at a dose 20x that in Thesis’ supplement.

Dynamine is a trademarked form of methylliberine, which is a chemical compound that can be isolated from coffee beans and tea. Thesis claims that this compound “supports alertness” but this claim is uncited and we can’t find any medical evidence supporting it.

The manufacturer of this ingredient is a company called Compound Solutions, and the company even states on their website that this ingredient is “typically used in combination with caffeine and TeaCrine,” because all three of the clinical trials that the manufacturer cites on their website use Dynamine in combination with either caffeine or TeaCrine.

However, there is no caffeine or TeaCrine in Thesis Motivation.

Vitamin B12 is often included in nootropic formulations, but we’re unsure why. As we referenced in our review of another nootropic supplement called Noocube which also contains this ingredient, we can’t identify any medical evidence that vitamin B12 improves cognitive function in healthy adults without a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Forskolin was shown in an animal study to reduce memory loss, but the lowest dose used was equivalent to over 200% of the human-equivalent dose in Thesis. We can’t identify any clinical trials with human trial participants proving this compound to be an effective nootropic.

Artichoke extract is the final active ingredient, and Thesis claims that this ingredient “supports blood flow and promotes stress management.” These claims are uncited and we’re unclear on why this ingredient would be included in a nootropic formula, as even the stated health claims do not reference an explicit improvement in cognitive function.

Thesis fails to publish inactive ingredients for Motivation, which is an important consumer safety concern.

Overall we do not consider Thesis Motivation likely to be effective for improving cognitive function or productivity as we are unable to identify a single active ingredient that we would consider effective at the given dose, based on a review of clinical studies.

We do not recommend this supplement or brand, and consider this product to be one of the worst nootropic formulations that we’ve reviewed on Illuminate Health. Most nootropic supplements we review at least contain one effectively-dosed active ingredient.

We Tried Thesis Ourselves

One of our product testers named Matt Donnelly tested Thesis. Here's his experience:

I spent the month trying out the starter pack, which included CLARITY, MOTIVATION, LOGIC, and MOTIVATION.

Of the four, the only one that seemed to have any positive effect was LOGIC. It's good for “Research projects” and “Complex problem-solving” according to the packaging.

I was hoping for good results because I had been sidetracked from creative projects. It seemed like this one may have contributed to more focus overall and focused attention.

On some days I got very tired a few hours after taking the capsules, and needed to lie down in the afternoon.

There are three or four pills in each packet. It seemed to me like a lot to consume on a daily basis, and the pills are large so they could be challenging to swallow.

Overall, I would rate Thesis 3/10 and I wouldn't purchase this product again.

Thesis User Test

A YouTube creator named “LUKAS YAN” reviewed Thesis nootropics and shared his thoughts on whether or not the supplements improved his physical and mental energy:

Will Thesis Nootropics Cause Side Effects?

Thesis Nootropics do not appear to have been studied in any clinical trials, so it’s impossible to say for certain whether or not they’re likely to cause side effects. However, we can make an educated guess based on their formulations.

Most of the active ingredients in Thesis supplements appear to be safe and well-studied. We don’t have access to the full set of the brand’s supplements because instead of transparently posting all product pages they rely on the “individualized” marketing.

Our concern in regard to side effects is that the brand fails to clearly publish inactive ingredient information, and some inactive ingredients can cause side effects.

We hope that in the future Thesis publishes inactive ingredients in the same section where active ingredients are published for each supplement they sell. This is important for consumer safety.

Our Clean Nootropic Picks

Mind Lab Pro   by Performance Lab is our top premium nootropic pick.

This is the first Illuminate Labs Certified supplement, and   has been shown to be effective for short-term cognitive improvements in   two   clinical   trials   published in peer-reviewed journals.

Performance Lab MCT Oil   is our top food-based nootropic pick.

MCT oil  is derived from coconut oil, and  improved memory recall by 20% in adults  in a 2022  meta-study .

Illuminate Labs Ginkgo Biloba Extract   is our top herbal nootropic pick.

A  medical review  published in the  Psychopharmacology  journal  found that ginkgo biloba supplementation improved attention and cognitive performance in healthy, young adults.

Is Thesis Effective for ADHD?

We don’t recommend using Thesis supplements to treat any specific health condition.

There are several TikTok reviews from individuals with ADHD who tried Thesis supplements.

A TikTok user named Syd shared her experience using Thesis while having ADHD:

@sydneydelucchi Lets try @takethesis ! #nootropics #nootropicsforadhd #adhd ♬ original sound - Syd 🦋

A TikTok creator named Mike Cribbs shared her experience:

@mikacribbs Replying to @adrienne here are my initial thoughts using @Thesis 💙🩵 #takethesis #nootropics #thesis ♬ Fukashigi no Carte Lofi Hiphop (Bunny Girl Senpai) - bvyunx

We disagree with the way Thesis markets their products, and we recommend that consumers avoid giving sensitive health data to dietary supplement startups unnecessarily.

The one Thesis supplement that we analyzed based on its active ingredients, called Motivation, was underwhelming. We were unable to identify any effectively-dosed ingredients based on a review of medical research, and the brand fails to clearly publish inactive ingredient information or cite the health claims made about their ingredients.

We do not recommend Thesis supplements although we don’t consider it likely that the supplements will cause side effects.

Some TikTok users with ADHD who tried Thesis supplements had relatively negative feedback.

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CEO Corner: Thesis’ Dan Freed Is Leading the Nootropics Movement

Dan Freed founded Thesis in 2017 after nootropics helped him go from high school dropout to Yale grad. The brand recently raised $13.5 million

Few executives have a deeper personal connection to the brand they founded than Dan Freed, who went from high school dropout to Yale graduate thanks in large part to the power of nootropics, a category of supplements touted for their abilities to improve cognitive functions like attention, memory and creativity. 

Freed established Thesis in 2017 to bring the benefits of nootropics to the masses. Thesis takes a personalized approach to nootropics; users take a detailed online quiz to receive a personal product blend optimized for their unique characteristics. 

Over the last six-plus years, Thesis has come a long way from its humble beginnings operating out of Freed’s apartment; in May, the company raised $13.5 million in funding rounds that included participation from former NBA star Kevin Love. Dr. Gabrielle Lyon, a popular functional medicine practitioner, currently serves as a scientific advisor to Thesis . 

Athletech News spoke with Freed about his incredible journey from high school dropout to CEO, the power of nootropics, and his plans for Thesis following its recent funding round. 

The following conversation has been lightly edited for clarity and length.

Athletech News: Can you tell us about your background and how you were introduced to nootropics?

Dan Freed : I have severe ADHD, so for as long as I can remember I’ve struggled with functioning in structured environments. I was expelled from preschool when I was four, and I was formally diagnosed (with ADHD) when I was six. I continued to struggle in school – I was constantly in the principal’s office, getting suspended and dealing with behavioral issues. When I was 16, I dropped out of high school and went to work in fast food. It was a really difficult time in my life. 

I ended up getting a lucky break and became a chef. I loved cooking – the type of focus needed to be successful in a kitchen is completely different than a classroom. ADHD is like a superpower. I spent my 20s traveling around the world and cooking, being fortunate enough to work in a Michelin three-star restaurant in France. By my late 20s, I started to burn out. I wanted to do something different with my life but I didn’t have a high school diploma, so my options were really limited.  

I decided to go back to school. I had a crazy ambitious goal to get an MBA, so I got a GMAT study guide, and it felt like I was back in 10th grade. I would read a page five times but couldn’t understand it and couldn’t sit down long enough to take practice tests. I heard about nootropics on a study forum, and I went out and bought everything I could find. I would take different ingredients and study. Most of them did nothing, but a couple of them worked. When I figured out how to combine it into a winning formula, the results were life-changing. I ended up scoring in the 99th percentile on the GMAT, which opened up so much opportunity in my life. I did my MBA at INSEAD, and from there, I was offered a partial scholarship to do another Master’s degree at Yale, where I got to study some of the science behind nootropics and really indulge my intellectual curiosity. 

Because nootropics were so impactful for me, I became an evangelist. This was around 10 years ago. I was the crazy guy at dinner parties that wouldn’t shut up about nootropics.

ATN: How did you go from nootropics evangelist to founding Thesis?

DF : I had this realization that the ingredients that worked for me didn’t work for everyone, because I was literally giving them out to people. I started selling (nootropic blends) out of my apartment to friends and friends of friends and before I knew it, it just kind of took off.

The name we initially launched with “Placebo Proof.” It was structured like a four-way crossover clinical trial, and there were actual placebos in the box. We tested more than 100 different ingredients, tons of different dosages, and we started to see very clearly that certain formulas, for certain use cases, with certain ingredients and certain dosages, worked the best. After more than 2,500 people went through that Placebo Proof product, we adjusted it and created (something) very similar to what Thesis is today. We incorporated Thesis in 2017.  (In 2023), we did more than 50 million capsules. 

ATN: How does Thesis personalize nootropics for customers?

DF : We’re still constantly beta testing, it’s really a data-driven approach. Our core hypothesis was to structure something similar to a clinical trial, but with a lot fewer controls, so you’re not going into a doctor, you’re not giving blood tests, you’re giving subjective data on how you feel, but we increase sample sizes by orders of magnitude. At this point, we have millions of people who’ve gone through our quiz, which has been there from the beginning. Hundreds of thousands of people have left individual reviews on formulations throughout the lifetime of the company, from Placebo Proof all the way to what Thesis is today. We use this data to constantly optimize. 

Stasis is our newest product line to launch, and it came directly from our customers. We saw that there were people purchasing Thesis, but they were on stimulants like Adderall; Thesis isn’t meant to be taken alongside powerful medications like that. Those customers were talking about jitters, (energy) crashes, trouble sleeping. So we formulated a new product line specifically meant to be taken alongside stimulants, including things like caffeine, to mitigate short-term side effects and long-term damage caused by oxidative stress.

ATN: The nootropics movement is still in its infancy. How do you view nootropics within the larger supplement industry?

Remedy Place’s Dr. Jonathan Leary on the Rise of At-Home Wellness

DF : I look at us as a new, emerging category of supplements as classified by the FDA. If you look at new categories within the broad supplement industry, the closest thing I would compare nootropics to is probiotics. Five years ago, the concept of ingesting good bacteria to improve gut health was absurd, almost nobody had heard of it. Now you walk into Whole Foods and there’s an entire section of probiotics , prebiotics, all of that. I think nootropics as a category within the broader supplement category is at this inflection point where probiotics were five years ago.

ATN: How has Thesis grown and evolved following the recent $13.5 million funding rounds? 

DF : (Funding) has forced this level of ruthless prioritization and capital efficiency. Not too long ago, the entire company was in my apartment. We now have the capital to invest in longer-term initiatives like content and community, which are on our roadmap. We’ve also spent a lot of time hiring. The last several months have been about filling out the executive team, because we were bootstrapped for so long. We’ve done a great job of recruiting some of the best talent in the world, and I’m really proud of that. We also have product launches planned for 2024. 

ATN: Looking ahead, what are your main short and long-term goals for Thesis?

DF : Short term, it’s just continuing to build out this data-driven approach to personalization and to get more people to the right formula faster. That’s a really complex challenge, especially when you have both Thesis and Stasis. 

Long term, I keep going back to when I was diagnosed at six, and I remember what it felt like when I thought there was something wrong with me, and I couldn’t understand why other people could just sit down and do their homework and I couldn’t. I remember how much pain it caused me throughout my childhood and into adulthood. I’m just as intelligent now as I was when I dropped out of high school. The key difference is my ability to focus. And it’s not only nootropics, it’s nootropics with behavioral interventions, that made the difference. But I just keep thinking about how many people aren’t living up to their potential, about how many people could do what I’ve done if they just have the same options. That’s our core mission.

Thesis Nootropics Review – Pros, Cons, and Verdict

By Jack Cincotta, MS

Reviewed by Juliana Tamayo, MS, RDN - Last Updated February 15, 2023

Some of the links in our articles are from our advertisers.  Learn more about how we make money .

I’m betting you’ve heard the word “nootropics” thrown around lately, especially if you have an interest in brain enhancement. 

The nootropics industry is exploding in popularity as people are trying to use these various brain boosters to improve focus , increase energy, and even enhance intelligence. 

As a holistic health practitioner, I’m pretty intrigued by the possible benefits, but I also know that they need to be scientifically backed and supported by evidence. And let me tell you straight up that not every supplement that claims to be a nootropic is a legitimate brain enhancer.

That’s why I’m going to go over all of the details of the Thesis Nootropics line to let you know if these are actually worth using. So, keep reading my Thesis Nootropics review to see what nootropic formulas they offer, the specific ingredients, potential benefits, and more!

About Thesis Nootropics

Thesis Nootropics is not one particular supplement but rather a nootropic brand that has a line of five different nootropic supplements. 

They offer personalized nootropic formulas to activate the potential in you, no matter what your brain chemistry looks like. They recommend that you go through a quick process in order to get the most personalized nootropic formulas.

This is somewhat similar to other personalized nootropics, such as Find My Formula . 

The Process

First, you are directed to take a unique quiz so they can learn more about your individual situation. You are asked basic info such as age and weight; and then they ask what your main goals are for using nootropics.

Then, they ask many questions related to your lifestyle habits, such as sleep, exercise, and caffeine intake. After that, they inquire about the degree to which you struggle with various things in day-to-day life, such as memory issues, low mood, motivation, confidence, and focus. 

The quiz only takes a few minutes to complete. And after you finish it, Thesis Nootropics recommends four distinct nootropic formulas that they think will work best for you. 

You are instructed to take just one of the four for one week, and then repeat the process with the other three for the rest of the month. 

After that, you let them know which ones worked best and they’ll help you optimize your stack even further.

What are the Specific Thesis Nootropics Formulas?

Thesis Nootropics has six possible formulas that you could be recommended after the quiz:

These have unique combinations made up of several of the 30+ ingredients that Thesis Nootropics offers. Most products typically have around 5 ingredients in total. 

Thesis Nootropics Benefits

The benefits you get from Thesis depends on which formulas you’re recommended. But generally speaking, here are the main possible benefits of using Thesis Nootropics :

Enhanced Learning & Memory

Increased energy, improved mood & motivation, more focus & clarity, reduced stress, brain protection.

A lot of people start to have memory issues in middle to late adulthood. But these aren’t the only people who want improved memory. Even younger individuals want to increase learning and memory abilities to maximize their performance in school or work.

Thesis Nootropics are designed to boost learning and memory processes in the brain. Several ingredients may play a role here, such as Alpha-GPC and TAU (uridine). They’re designed to increase acetylcholine and improve neural connections, among other mechanisms.

Many individuals need an energy boost to start the day and/or in the late afternoon. Yet, you may want a healthier, more natural alternative to energy drinks.

Well, Thesis Nootropics has many ingredients that may increase energy, such as caffeine, theobromine, and Panax ginseng. These may boost stimulating neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline, to help keep you alert and energized. 

Mental health problems are very common. Even if you don’t have clinical symptoms, low-level things such as poor mood, anxiety, and motivation certainly make it hard to enjoy life and become your best self.

Thesis Nootropics are meant to boost your mood and improve motivation, mainly by increasing dopamine and serotonin, so you can attack the day with full force. Whether that’s for a work project, school exam, or simply taking care of daily tasks.

This line has many ingredients that may boost mental well-being, such as zembrin, saffron, and magnesium. 

Brain fog, distractions, and lack of attention can all greatly decrease your productivity and efficiency. But unfortunately, there are so many things that can cause these problems, with everything from phone notifications, social media and other apps, and even certain foods you eat (if you’re sensitive).

But Thesis Nootropics claims to put an end to brain fog and poor concentration. They have many different ingredients that are advertised to boost acetylcholine and engage other key brain processes involved in focus, mental clarity, and attention. Such ingredients are theanine and tyrosine, among several others.

In today’s fast-paced world, a lot of folks have very high stress levels. And this can cause decrements in cognitive performance and overall well-being over time.

Thesis Nootropics are meant to reduce physical and mental stress on the body and help restore balance. They have many different ingredients, such as ashwagandha and phosphatidylserine to decrease cortisol and balance the body’s stress response.

Life can definitely take a toll on overall brain health. Over time, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by poor diet and lifestyle habits may increase the risk of brain damage and poor function.

But Thesis Nootropics are advertised to protect the brain from damage and preserve its optimal function. This is due to several compounds, such as sage, magnolia, and bacopa monnieri. 

Are Thesis Nootropics Legit?

There are a wide variety of proposed benefits from Thesis Nootropics . And you may be wondering if they are actually legit.

Well, as a holistic health practitioner, I can tell you that Thesis definitely seems legit because they use many different well-researched ingredients. And they also take steps to ensure product safety and quality. 

But if you want to know whether Thesis Nootropics actually work , keep reading my Thesis Nootropics review!

Thesis Nootropics Ingredients

Thesis Nootropics has 31 ingredients that could possibly be recommended to you in your four formulas.

Now, you won’t have all 31 ingredients, just a blend of the ones that are most important for your goals and other factors, based on the quiz you took. 

Since there are so many ingredients, I will be grouping them together based on their main actions and functions. 

Below are all of the ingredients in Thesis Nootropics :

• Theobromine
• Phenylalanine
• Phosphatidylserine

Ginkgo Biloba

Lion’s mane 8:1.

• Epicatechin
• Vitamin B12
• N-Acetyl Cysteine
• Forskolin 20%
• Artichoke Extract 5%

GS15-4 Panax Ginseng

• Triacetyluridine

Synapsa Bacopa

Ksm-66 ashwagandha.

• Magnesium Bisglycinate
• Sage Extract
• Magnolia Bark Extract

I will go over the main compounds that have the most research. And I’ll also list other compounds that are similar in action to the main ones. 

Alpha-GPC is a bioavailable choline compound. It can increase acetylcholine in the brain, which may improve memory, enhance attention, and prevent cognitive decline.

Other similar ingredients: Choline.

Caffeine is a stimulant that blocks adenosine and increases serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, and other stimulating neurotransmitters. This may lead to increased energy, alertness, and motivation, among other cognitive functions. 

Note that there are caffeine-free options for Thesis Nootropics too, which use similar, but less-stimulating alternatives. 

Other similar ingredients: Theobromine, Dynamine, TeaCrine

L-tyrosine is a precursor to dopamine and noradrenaline, which are involved in motivation, alertness, and energy. Tyrosine supplementation may help restore these brain chemicals during periods of stress, which could help with cognition and physical performance during stress. 

Other similar ingredients: Phenylalanine, phosphatidylserine

Ginkgo biloba is an herb with many bioactive flavonoids and other components in the leaves. It seems to reduce oxidative stress, enhance blood flow in the brain, and increase dopamine.

There is some evidence that it boosts cognitive functions while reducing the risk of dementia and other cognitive problems.

You’ll find this in many other nootropics, such as Qualia Mind.  

Other similar ingredients: Forskolin, artichoke extract

Zynamite is a trademarked form of mango leaf extract. It is rich in polyphenols, and there is evidence that it boosts information processing, memory, and attention. 

Sabroxy is a trademarked form of oroxylum, which is an herb that’s been used in Ayurveda for many years. It has a lot of antioxidants in it and also seems to increase dopamine and GABA. 

Clinical trials show that this compound increases working memory, learning ability, and other cognitive functions. 

GS15-4 is a trademarked Panax ginseng compound. Panax ginseng is an herb with a huge history of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It contains ginsenosides and other active compounds that decrease inflammation in the brain, reduce stress, and increase acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters.

Overall, Panax ginseng appears effective for mood, energy, and various cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. 

Many other similar products have Panax ginseng too, such as Performance Lab Mind .

Synapsa is a trademarked form of bacopa, which is a traditional herbal compound with many uses. It contains bacosides and other bioactives that boost acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine, while also enhancing blood flow and reducing oxidative stress in the brain.

As a whole, bacopa seems effective for enhancing memory, learning, mood, and neuroprotection. 

KSM-66 is a trademarked ashwagandha compound. This herb has been used in Ayurveda for many years. Withanolides and other bioactives in ashwagandha help the body restore balance during stress. It also boosts GABA and other neurotransmitters.

Overall, ashwagandha may help with attention, brain function, mood, and stress reduction.

Other similar ingredients: Magnolia bark extract, sage extract. 

Affron is a trademarked form of saffron, which is an herb with many possible benefits. It has anti-inflammatory effects and also increases serotonin in the brain.

Clinical evidence shows that saffron is effective in reducing anxiety and depression, improving mood, and reducing stress. 

Other similar ingredients: Zembrin

Lion’s mane is a medicinal mushroom with many health-boosting components. It reduces stress in the brain and also increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is a critical molecule involved in neuroplasticity and overall brain function.

There is evidence that lion’s mane is helpful for reducing cognitive impairments, protecting the brain from damage, and reducing depression.

Avantera Elevate is another one of many brain-boosting supps that contains this ingredient.

L-theanine is an amino acid found in tea leaves. It increases alpha waves in the brain and supports serotonin and GABA production.

Evidence shows that theanine can help reduce stress and anxiety, improve sleep, and boost cognitive functions (e.g. attention, alertness) especially when paired with caffeine. 

Does Thesis Nootropics Work?

It is likely that Thesis Nootropics will work. They have a really high-quality line of clinically-researched compounds. 

These support many areas of brain health and function, such as memory, attention, learning, mood, stress support, energy, and focus.

It’s also nice that they have personalized formulas to give you what you need specifically. Now, these aren’t so specific that they create a different formula for EVERYONE (otherwise, there would be millions of products). But they do still take time to recommend only the formulas that may work the best for you. 

Claims vs. Reality

It’s important to be realistic with nootropics compounds. Many people think that taking these will suddenly turn them into a superhuman that can access unlimited brain power.

While this won’t occur, Thesis still should provide moderate benefits. I’ve read some of the Thesis reviews from customers too. And they’ve noted increases in energy and focus, less stress, decreased brain fog, better attention, and other benefits.

Basically, Thesis Nootropics will likely help you feel, think, and perform moderately better than you had been before. And it also depends on how much you were doing initially to optimize your brain power too. 

Who is Thesis Nootropics Best For?

There are six different Thesis products (technically 12 if you count the caffeine-free options too), so it suits a wide variety of people. 

But basically, Thesis Nootropics are for anyone who wants to increase their performance, cognitive functions, and brain power on a regular basis.

How to Take Thesis Nootropics

As a reminder, Thesis gives you four of their products based on your unique profile. You are instructed to take just one of these each week for the first month to see which two work best for you.

They say to take Thesis right away in the morning. And if needed, you can take another serving after lunch.

Is Thesis Nootropics Safe?

There are many ingredients in Thesis Nootropics, but none of them are associated with significant long-term side effects. 

Of course, side effects are always possible. Some users may experience:

• Digestive symptoms, such as bloating, upset stomach, gas
• Increased anxiety, nervousness, jitters, or sleep problems 
• Changes in blood pressure or heart rate
• Blurred vision

This isn’t an exhaustive list. We always recommend talking with your doctor before taking any supplement.

Also, Thesis supplements are made in an FDA-approved, GMP-certified facility. And they are third-party tested for purity and quality. 

Thesis contains vegan ingredients and doesn’t contain gluten, eggs, or nuts, although some facilities process products that have those three ingredients. It is not certified gluten-free or vegan. And the Logic blend contains soy.

Where to Buy Thesis Nootropics

You can buy Thesis Nootropics on the Thesis website . 

As a reminder, you get four products with each purchase.

The regular one-month supply of Thesis Nootropics is $119 ($3.97 daily) , but you can save $40 by choosing the Subscribe & Save option, which brings it down to $79 per month ($2.63/day) . 

This is a pretty expensive line of nootropics, but they are meant to be all-inclusive. And they truly do offer many ingredients in each formula, so you likely don’t need to buy any other brain supplements. 

All in all, it depends on how invested you are into nootropics and if the benefits are worth it.

Get the BEST deal

Thesis Nootropics

• Formula can include 31 possible ingredients
• Six different products offered
• Benefits memory, energy, mood, focus, stress, and brain health

Final Verdict: Thesis Nootropics

That’s the end of my Thesis review.

These nootropic supplements are filled with evidence-based ingredients that support a wide variety of cognitive functions. There are compounds for energy, focus, attention, neuroprotection, mood, and much more. 

I also like that they’re individualized and you can figure out which ones are the best for you. Because that’s what it really should be; finding the supplements that work the absolute best for your own unique brain chemistry, lifestyle, personality, etc.

So, anyone interested in trying out Thesis Nootropics can start by taking the quiz here . 

Jack Cincotta, MS

Jack Cincotta is a certified holistic health coach through AFPA and a board-certified holistic health practitioner through AADP. He has written hundreds of articles on nutrition and supplementation. Jack has a M.S. degree in Psychology and is passionate about researching the science behind nutrition. He often uses research-backed supplementation protocols for many of his clients to optimize results.

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© 2024 Fitness Clone

Fitness Clone does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

Curious About Brain Optimization? Thesis Nootropics May Be Your In

Our product picks are editor-tested, expert-approved. We may earn a commission through links on our site. 

Ever feel like you have the ability but not the willpower or inspiration to excel at your job? Or maybe you’re stuck in a creative rut and are struggling to get yourself out. Thesis , a nootropics company, wants you to stop being so hard on yourself.

Nootropics are the buzzy brain-boosting substances of the moment, and Thesis attempts to match people to different nootropic blends designed for certain needs—creativity, confidence, energy, clarity, logic, and so on. But can you really summon the powers of creativity on demand from a pill? Myself, and fellow Edge writer Rebekah Harding, tried Thesis for three months to find out. Here’s what you need to know. 

Why You Should Trust Us

Hone Health is a team of health-obsessed journalists, editors, fitness junkies, medical reviewers, and product testers. The two authors of this review, Rebekah Harding and Will Price, spent months taking Thesis’ nootropics blends and logging how we felt. We’ve reported on the ingredients Thesis incorporates in its nootropic blends extensively, such as  ashwagandha ,  Alpha-GPC ,  Lion’s mane , and more.

For this review, we opted to review the product and service independently, as nootropics do not all affect people in the same way. Here’s what we found. 

Thesis Nootropics

Personalized recommendations.

• High quality ingredients, third-party tested

Excellent customer service

Not for everybody, what is thesis.

Thesis’s thesis (sorry, I had to) is that you are capable of more. But as co-founder and CEO Dan Freed says on the back of the box the pills come in, “…people thought I was lazy, stupid, or unmotivated. I knew there was more in me.” Freed and his brand propose that the solution to this conundrum many of us face may be nootropics, which are substances that aim to improve cognitive performance. 

New users are funneled through a quiz that determines the best nootropic blends for them—each named for the feeling they’re meant to evoke, e.g. confidence, clarity, creativity. Boxes come with four blends, each of which should last one week, with auto-renewing deliveries shipping at $79 a month. (Note: you can buy Thesis for just one month, but it will cost $119). 

You’re meant to take notes on how each blend makes you feel and, after you’ve completed your first box, adjust which blends you receive going forward.

What are nootropics?

Nootropics are medicinal substances (some pharmaceutical, some natural) that take aim at improving brain performance—memory, creativity, motivation, mood, as well as anxiety reduction and sleep improvement.

While most have heard of popular nootropics like caffeine , creatine , or nicotine , most over-the-counter nootropic supplements—like Thesis—are formulated largely with herbs, vitamins, minerals, and other natural compounds that are known to benefit the brain.

Thesis ingredients

Each Thesis blend contains different ingredients, many of which are supported by solid research. Here are a handful. 

Lion’s mane: Mushrooms that contain hericenones and erinacines, which can stimulate nerve growth and may offer potential cognitive benefits ( 1 ). In addition to thinking capacity, these mushrooms may lower the risk of age-related brain diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease ( 2 ).

Alpha-GPC: May increase your levels of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which facilitates memory and learning, and plays an important role in cognitive function ( 3 ). 

L-Theanine: An amino acid that can positively affect mood. Studies have found L-theanine may be a beneficial nootropic for mood and mental health. It may also help ease anxiety and stress levels ( 4 ).  

Ashwagandha: An ancient herb taken for thousands of years, ashwagandha is an adaptogen that has been found to reduce cortisol —stress—levels in humans, which can have a number of powerful knock-on effects on the brain ( 5 ). 

DHA (Omega-3): This omega-3 fatty acid plays a role in supporting cognitive function and promoting growth and maintenance of brain cells . Research suggests that DHA may improve memory, learning, and overall cognitive performance ( 6 ). 

Synapsa: This patented extract of Water Hyssop boasts nootropic benefits such as enhanced memory and cognitive function ( 7 ). Research shows that taking Synapsa regularly may improve your information processing speed, increase your attention span and enhance your memory ( 8 ).

Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo Biloba has antioxidant properties, which are associated with cerebral blood flow and neuroprotection ( 9 ). Studies suggest that this nootropic may boost memory, mental clarity, and overall cognitive function ( 10 ).

Theacrine: This natural plant compound acts as a mild stimulant, without the tolerance build-up and jitters associated with caffeine ( 11 ). Theacrine may boost energy, mental clarity, and focus.

What’s Good About Thesis Nootropics?

There are a lot of folks interested in nootropics. Google reports something like 100,000 monthly searches for the term each month. The issue many have is simple: nootropics aren’t easy. 

It’s not easy to know what companies are selling legitimate products and which are pushing low-grade stuff. It’s not easy to get a handle on what the many, many different nootropics are meant to do. Sometimes it’s not easy to know if the good week you just had was thanks to a nootropic you just took, or the absence of some stressor you forgot about. Then there’s dosage, doctors, and the way in which these substances play off each other to worry about. 

Getting your foot in the door with nootropics is a challenging task. Thesis’s approach is designed to simplify this, and it largely works.

The personalization is somewhat limited, in that the blends themselves cannot be changed, but the blends you receive can. Interested customers are prompted to complete a simple questionnaire that asks about physical traits as well as your goals in taking nootropics. You’re then given a “Starter Kit” that includes four different blends suited to what you’re after. 

High-quality ingredients

The more you delve into nootropics, the more you realize there are, broadly, two classes of company: the legit class and the not-so-legit class. Thesis, by our account, is the former. The company’s products are products in FDA-approved cGMP facilities, which ensures the manufacturing of the product is sound. More importantly, though, and this will sound humorous if you’ve never shopped for nootropics, Thesis actually tells you what’s in its blends. 

Thesis is not the only company selling nootropic blends as a shortcut for people not interested in doing months of research. There are a great many companies that don’t specify ingredients (“focus blend”) or, more commonly, aren’t clear on dosage of each individual nootropic.

Thesis’s nutrition label is crystal clear on what’s inside each serving of its nootropic blend.

When launching oneself into a health category one doesn’t know much about, having a friend can be helpful and reassuring. Thesis’s customer support service—available via email or phone—is the weird science friend you need. 

I pestered them numerous times and each issue was responded to and resolved within 24 hours every time. The first time I called. Is there a way to remove the caffeine from the blends (there’s 100mg, or a cup of coffee’s worth in each pack)? You can request non-caffeinated blends on your next order, but for the time being simply don’t take the white pill in the daily dose packet. My email questions were answered with similar speed as well. 

There’s also Thesis’s coaching feature, which is effectively customer service for questions about your specific blends, how the blends make you feel, and so on. When I called into it I mentioned that some of the blends made me slightly antsy, some made me feel great, and others seemed to have no effect at all. Not only is this common, it’s expected: these substances do not affect us all in the same way, so there is a necessary trial period to get through. 

Having a source of reassurance when trying something new to improve our health makes the process more comfortable. 

MENTAL WORKOUT

What’s not good about thesis nootropics.

As previously mentioned, not all blends will work for you. Several reviews online suggest there are people for which none of them will work. My fellow reviewer and I each found one or two blends that worked especially well, some blends that didn’t seem to have any effect at all, and others that caused some minor anxiety. 

This is sort of the rub with nootropics. Different people will be hit different by different nootropics ; and even then there is the matter of dosage and duration, as most research suggests there is bedding-in period associated with nootropic effectiveness ( 12 ).

So is this a con for Thesis or for nootropic supplementation more generally? It’s a little of both, but more so a hurdle with the wider world of nootropics.

If you’re already waist deep in nootropics as a hobby or interest area, you can likely build your own nootropic stacks for cheaper than what Thesis offers.

Thesis costs $79 a month, or $3.29 per serving, once you’ve set up your account for automatic renewal. This is, unsurprisingly, on the middle-higher end of the nootropic blend market. 

Budget brands like Focus Factor come in at less than a dollar per serving. Mind Lab Pro , a brand closer to Thesis’s efficacy and quality, goes for about $2.10 per serving. The popular NooCube blend is also about $2.15 per serving. 

It should be said that I’m obviously comparing apples to oranges here. Each of these blends are made of up different stuff. Each of these companies is selling to a different customer. It could be argued that Thesis’s hyper responsive customer service and task-focused personalization model makes the $79 a month bill a fair deal. That said, the price doesn’t pull you in quite like the promise the rest of the product provides. 

What It’s Like to Take Thesis Nootropics

Tester #1 info : Female, 23 years old Reason for taking : diagnosed ADHD, brain fog, difficulty concentrating, anxiety Blends taken : Confidence, Motivation, Energy, Clarity

When I was diagnosed with ADHD in 2016, everything clicked. I’ve struggled with brain fog, task paralysis, and extreme difficulty concentrating for as long as I can remember. But all I have to show for my diagnosis is a raging caffeine addiction, two failed tries at taking prescription stimulant medication, and an ever-changing-never-working supplement stack.

As a neurodivergent person, the idea of nootropics—supplements that may improve cognitive performance—is intriguing to me. The idea of spending hours researching different blends and stand alone supplements, however, is not. That’s where Thesis comes in. 

To order your four-blend starter kit, Thesis kicks things off with a quick 25-question quiz. The questions were quick and multiple choice, and didn’t take more than a couple of minutes. (As a company that markets to ADHD-ers, I have to say they know their audience.) The quiz covers questions like how much sleep you clock in each night, your typical mood, and your procrastination habits—and a memory test at the end that I won’t spoil. At the end, you plug in an email and receive a customized recommendation based on your goals and struggles. 

I’m ultra-productive, but I have extreme anxiety and frequent brain fog depending on the state of my hormones. Thesis recommended four blends—Confidence, Motivation, Energy, and Clarity—to boost my mental health, promote relaxation, and fight off brain fog. 

I took each blend for six days each—as directed—with one day in between to reset.

Week one I opted for Confidence—a blend that includes saffron, ashwagandha, sage, and magnesium—which oddly produced the opposite of its intended effect. Two days in, I ditched the separate, white caffeine pill in the packet, but that only alleviated my anxiety slightly. Week two, I took Motivation—which contains artichoke extract, vitamin B12, methylliberine, and L-theanine. I enjoyed this blend the most, and felt like my mood and concentration got a decent boost. Weeks 3 and 4 I took Energy (mango leaf extract, theacrine, citicoline, and more) and Clarity (Lion’s Mane, L-theanine, and more) respectively. I noticed no changes these weeks.

Overall, I think Thesis is worth a shot for the nootropic-curious. Especially if you don’t have the time or patience to research these trendy supplements. However, I don’t think I’ll be stocking up on any of their blends any time soon.

BRAIN GAMES

Tester #2 info : Male, 30 years old Reason for taking : brain fog, unfocused, spark creativity Blends taken : Clarity, Logic, Creativity, Energy

I’ve not been evaluated for or diagnosed with any neurological or neurodevelopmental matters, but I have struggled to train my mind’s gaze on one thing for long periods of time for as long as I can remember. Call it brain fog or something else, it’s been a persistent issue of mine going back to my high school and college years, where I’d substitute just about any distraction available to me instead of something that would require real attention.

A Thesis ad on Instagram suggested this issue may not be my own failing (a source of great personal anxiety), but perhaps something that could be fixed with nootropics. I’m willing to believe most anything that suggests my failings are not my failings, so I ordered my personalized starter kit. 

My kit came with the Clarity, Logic, Creativity, and Energy blends. I quickly eliminated Clarity and Logic from the rotation, and both seemed to trigger a mix of uncomfortable headaches and anxiety (a quick browse of the internet suggests this isn’t an uncommon reaction to these specific blends). Energy, while effective, wasn’t the most useful to me, someone who doesn’t struggle as much with alertness. 

Creativity was different, though. During the second month of testing, once I’d taken Creativity for a few weeks straight (remember there is a bedding-in period!), things started to click. I started to feel the gears turning a bit more in brainstorm meetings at work, and I could think more deeply about how I could build a workout plan for a friend.

That’s how I would describe the feeling: a noticeable but slight improvement in my ability to untangle a problem of some kind. It wasn’t as though the shackles of my brand were removed and I launched a Fortune 500 company which, thankfully, Thesis does not suggest in any of its marketing materials. 

I’ve taken the Creativity tablets for a few months now and find them to be good value for the money, for me. For those curious about nootropics, I think of Thesis as the ideal first stop. Once you figure out what works for your brain and needs, you might seek out other solutions. 

The Bottom Line

Thesis nootropics are probably the best way to get into nootropics without having to do loads of research. The brand isn’t the cheapest out there, but the product is quality and the customer service is excellent.

• Lai, Puei-Lene et al (2013) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24266378/
• Skubel Tomasz et al (2022) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363300485_Therapeutic_potential_of_Lion
• Ham, Juhee et al (2018) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5645066/
• Williams, Jackson L. et al (2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31758301/
• Lopresti, Adrian L. et al (2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6750292/
• Yurko-Mauro, Karin et al (2015) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364972/
• Downey, Luke A. et al (2012) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23281132/
• Kumar, Navneet et al (2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5075615/
• Mashayekhu, Ameneh et al (2012) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163160/
• Ge, Wei et al (2021) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8014356/
• Bello, Marissa L. et al (2019) https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-019-0287-6
• Malik, Matej et al (2022) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9415189/

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Nootropics: pharmacological properties and therapeutic use

Affiliation.

• 1 Department of Pharmacology, Silesian Academy of Medicine, Katowice, Poland.
• PMID: 7894524

This review summarizes the results of studies investigating the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical effects of nootropic drugs, and tries to integrate this knowledge in order to identify neuronal mechanisms underlying their therapeutic benefits and side effects.

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Thesis Nootropics vs Adderall: How They Work, Side Effects & Choosing if One is Right for You

When it comes to addressing common symptoms of ADHD, from inattention to hyperactivity , one of the most popular forms of treatments is the stimulant medication Adderall® . Like other stimulants, Adderall works by targeting brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine to reduce symptoms of ADHD. It is available by prescription only. 

A newer type of stimulant that is available without a prescription is Thesis nootropics , which contains ingredients like functional mushrooms, choline, vitamins, and adaptogens to enhance cognitive function. Though they are not recommended to treat any health condition, including ADHD, many people do use them to manage symptoms like inattention and hyperactivity to avoid the side effects associated with prescription stimulants like Adderall.

But do they work? This is what we’ll explore in the following article: which product is better for ADHD, the side effects of each, and alternative medications to consider.

ADHD Medication Overview

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a person’s ability to focus, control impulses, and regulate their emotions. Medications are often a key component of ADHD treatment and there are several different types. They include:

• Stimulant Medications : Stimulant medications work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to improve attention and impulsive control. Examples include Adderall, Ritalin® , Concerta®, and Vvvanse® . These are the most commonly prescribed ADHD medications and are sometimes taken as needed.
• Non-Stimulant Medications : Though stimulants are the most common drugs for ADHD, in some cases, a doctor will prescribe non-stimulant ADHD meds if a patient doesn’t respond to stimulants or if side effects are too intense. Non-stimulant meds also target brain chemicals to control symptoms of ADHD, but these drugs tend to work slower than stimulants and are typically dosed for daily use. Examples include Strattera®, Intuniv®, and Kapvay®. 
• Other Medications : In some cases, doctors may prescribe antidepressants, such as Wellbutrin®, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Effexor® if the patient doesn’t respond to stimulants or non-stimulants. Alternatively, some individuals consider taking non-prescription homeopathic medications like Brillia to avoid the side effects associated with prescription drugs or to avoid having to increase the dosage of current prescription drugs. Brillia is designed to reduce symptoms associated with ADHD and anxiety without harsh, synthetic chemicals or harmful side effects, making it a suitable choice for those with co-occuring conditions.  

Thesis Nootropics vs Adderall: Which is Better for ADHD?

Though nootropics like Thesis are sometimes referred to as “smart drugs” because of their ability to boost focus and cognitive function, they may not be as potent as prescription stimulant drugs like Adderall in reducing symptoms of ADHD. There are some distinct differences between their mechanisms of action, their safety profiles, and the research surrounding each.

The active ingredients in Thesis nootropics, which include functional mushrooms, vitamins, and herbal extracts are generally safe and gentle on the body, which could be appealing to those who have not responded well to prescription drugs like Adderall, which contains the chemical amphetamine. However, nutritional supplements like Thesis are not regulated by the FDA in the same way as prescription drugs, so questions remain surrounding their safety and efficacy. 

How Thesis Nootropics Work to Boost Cognitive Function

According to the manufacturers of Thesis , the ingredients in their formulas work across “multiple brain pathways,” to support brain energy, optimize neurotransmitter status, improve cerebral circulation, and enhance neuroprotection. 1 Like many other supplements, Thesis is not intended to target the source of symptoms; rather the nutrients in their different blends can help the general function of the brain and improve overall well-being. This is different from medications, which target specific chemical imbalances in the brain to stop the instigation of symptoms altogether. Some of the research-backed nutrients include:

• Lion’s mane mushroom : May increase levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to improve clarity and focus 2
• Vitamin B12 : May improve attention and mood 3
• Bacopa monnieri : May improve memory 4
• Tyrosine : May increase dopamine synthesis 5  
• L-Phenylalanine : May reduce depressive symptoms 6
• Panax ginseng : May improve executive function (when combined with omega-3s) 7

What to Know About Adderall

First approved in 1996 , Adderall is a prescription drug consisting of  amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which are central nervous system stimulants that bind to dopamine and norepinephrine receptors in the brain. 8 This binding effect increases the levels of these neurotransmitters, which is thought to improve concentration and alertness while reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Though Adderall and other stimulant medications are highly effective for many and typically a first-line treatment, this medication is associated with a number of side effects, including headache, upset stomach, and decreased appetite — which is one of the reasons many try to avoid using them to see if more gentle options can give the level of support that is adequate. Adderall is also notorious for being misused and abused by high school and college students due its reputation as a study aid and euphoria inducer. 

Side Effects of Both

Though the side effects of Thesis nootropics are generally milder than those associated with Adderall, they should still be considered. Explore the side effects of both products below.

Thesis Nootropics Side Effects

Numerous Thesis reviewers have expressed satisfaction with the product, reporting no adverse effects. While some blends include caffeine, which can cause jitteriness or interfere with sleep, users have the option to exclude it. On the flip side, some reviewers have mentioned experiencing side effects such as nausea and insomnia 9 .

Thesis is also not suitable for children. 

Adderall Side Effects 

Adderall, like other stimulants, is known to cause a number of side effects in users. These side effects may go away on their own or you can work with your doctor to adjust your dosage or switch to another medication. 

Side effects of Adderall include:

• Upset stomach
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Mood changes
• Nervousness
• Fast heart rate

Which Product is More Effective?

When it comes to Thesis vs Adderall for ADHD, reviews are mixed. Adderall seems to outshine Thesis in terms of efficacy, but it does come with a higher risk of more serious side effects. 

Here is a sampling of the reviews of Thesis on TikTok and Reddit:

• Worked for a few hours, then downhill : TikTok user mikerapadas said: “Motivation [blend] provided me a real feeling of drive. I could feel myself being pulled towards my task and I felt little hints of extra optimism. But…it lasted only a few hours. After that came the negatives: mainly, I just felt less well overall; my temper was slightly more sensitive, and I could feel myself getting annoyed a lot more easily.” 10
• More focused, but poor sleep : Reddit user jamie_choo wrote: “Not sure if it's just a placebo effect but I do feel more focused throughout the day. However, I've been losing sleep in the last couple of days since my mind is way more active at night than usual.” 11

Reviews on Adderall are also mixed, but lean toward the positive when it comes to efficacy alone. Adderall has an average rating of 7.2 out of 10 from a total of 372 reviews On Drugs.com. Sixty-four percent of reviewers reported a positive experience, while 20 percent reported a negative experience . 12   Negative reviews of Adderall have more to do with the side effects than efficacy, with remarks that the medication caused rapid heart rate, stomach pains, anxiety , insomnia, hallucinations, and suicidal ideation . 13  

Alternative ADHD Medications

If you’re looking for something safe and impactful to reduce ADHD symptoms, there are other options beyond nootropic supplements and prescription ADHD medication .

Brillia is one alternative option to consider. Free from harsh, synthetic chemicals and harmful side effects, Brillia is a clinically-proven non-prescription homeopathic medication that contains targeted antibodies to the S100B protein, a crucial regulator of various brain processes, both intracellular and extracellular. By modulating the activity of this protein, Brillia can effectively manage symptoms of ADHD and anxiety without causing side effects like drowsiness, nausea, decreased appetite, dependency, nor does it mask the personality in any way. 

It's worth noting that Brillia does not disrupt blood chemistry, a common feature of stimulant medications like Adderall. In balancing the S100B protein Brillia also helps to normalize the levels of monoamines, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, in different brain regions, mirroring the neurotransmitter targets of drugs like Adderall.

In contrast to dietary supplements like Thesis, Brillia adheres to rigorous FDA standards and regulations, encompassing quality, claims, and labeling. The product's active and inactive ingredients must undergo thorough review, and supporting evidence for its claims is required for sale in the United States. Backed by clinical evidence supporting its safety and efficacy, Brillia can be safely used by children as young as five and adults , without the need for an official diagnosis or medical supervision.

Brillia is also incredibly versatile. You can use the medication as an alternative to prescription medication or in conjunction with prescription medication to address lingering symptoms like anxiety (a common side effect of Adderall and other stimulant medications). Some users take Brillia with their prescription medication to avoid having to increase the dosage of their current meds, which also increases the likelihood of side effects. 

If you choose to transition to Brillia from a prescription medication, we ask that you do so under the guidance of your doctor to ensure this path is right for you. 

How to Choose Which One is Right for You

There is no single way to treat ADHD and what may work for you may not work as well for another person. Weighing the pros and cons of each option available is the best way to make an informed decision regarding your own care. At Brillia, we recommend starting with healthy lifestyle changes , including following a nutritious diet , getting enough sleep , controlling your screen time , and practicing mindfulness techniques regularly. These are all powerful factors that can make an impactful improvement in your symptoms and potentially help you avoid medications and supplements altogether.

If you need more support and choose to try Brillia , we ask that you find the dose that best meets your needs and remain consistent with your dosage while the product builds up in your system. Brillia is a gentle and cumulative product, and your body relies on a steady trickle of the active ingredient to get the best results. Most users see a result in 3-4 weeks, but it may take longer. If you need help finding the right dose, our Customer Care team is always available to offer guidance to ensure you experience the best results with Brillia. You’ll also have access to a wide community of Brillia users who can share tips and resources on how to make the most of your Brillia journey. 

To explore other options on managing symptoms of ADHD with or without prescription medication, visit the Brillia(nce) Resource Center and learn how a holistic approach can help you develop the tools you need to control your symptoms long-term.

References: 1 https://takethesis.com/pages/science, 2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31118969/, 3 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/7/1494, 4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20590480/, 5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30853567/, 6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/380577/, 7 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32847461/, 8 https://www.psycom.net/adderall-amphetamine, 9 https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/ru37qm/thesis_nootropics_review/, 10 https://www.tiktok.com/@mikerapadas/video/7251691048630603050, 11 https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/comments/ru37qm/thesis_nootropics_review/, 12 https://www.drugs.com/comments/amphetamine-dextroamphetamine/adderall-for-attention-deficit-disorder.html, 13 https://www.drugs.com/comments/amphetamine-dextroamphetamine/adderall-xr-for-attention-deficit-disorder.html

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Thesis Nootropics Review: Unveiling the Brain-Boosting Effects

In recent years, you may have noticed an increasing interest in nootropic supplements designed to enhance cognitive function and mental performance. One such product gaining attention is Thesis Nootropics . This article will provide you with an in-depth review of Thesis Nootropics, highlighting the features and benefits that set it apart from other products in the market.

Thesis Nootropics offers a personalized approach, using a unique algorithm to design a nootropic stack tailored specifically to your individual needs and circumstances. This is based on a set of questions that assess your personal requirements, allowing for a customized experience that aims to improve cognitive function, mental stamina, mood, and overall mental energy levels.

An important feature of Thesis Nootropics is the inclusion of adaptogenic herbs, such as Rhodiola Rosea and Ashwagandha, which are known for their stress-reducing properties and ability to promote relaxation. In addition to these adaptogenic herbs, Thesis Nootropics contains a variety of other ingredients designed to boost overall cognitive function.

What is Thesis Nootropics?

Thesis Nootropics appears to be a brand of dietary supplements that are designed to enhance cognitive function and mental performance. These supplements are formulated with various natural and synthetic ingredients that are thought to improve brain health, focus, memory, and mental clarity.

Furthermore, Thesis Nootropics claims to use clinically researched ingredients and the latest scientific advancements in the field of cognitive enhancement to provide safe and effective products. Some of the ingredients that Thesis Nootropics uses in their supplements include caffeine, L-theanine, bacopa monnieri, and alpha-GPC, among others.

Understanding Nootropics

Nootropics , also known as smart drugs, are compounds designed to enhance your cognitive abilities. They help in various aspects like motivation, creativity, mood, memory, focus, and cognitive processing. These substances can be divided into several categories, including herbs, amino acids, and minerals.

Nootropics work by impacting your brain’s neurotransmitters , which are responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells. By enhancing the communication between these cells, nootropics can improve cognitive functions like memory, attention, and learning. This, in turn, can lead to better overall brain performance and mental agility.

Key Ingredients for Thesis Nootropics

Thesis Nootropics offers an impressive list of powerful ingredients to enhance your cognitive abilities, mood, and focus. We will discuss some of the primary components here that work synergistically to deliver significant benefits.

• L-Theanine is a well-known amino acid found primarily in green tea. It is widely recognized for reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation without causing drowsiness.
• Ashwagandha is another potent ingredient for stress management. This ancient herb improves memory and reduces stress levels, facilitating efficient and clear thinking.
• Ginkgo Biloba is a traditional medicine ingredient known for improving blood flow and boasting anti-inflammatory properties.
• Phosphatidylserine supports healthy brain cell membranes and promotes efficient neurotransmission.
• Lion’s Mane , a functional mushroom known for its cognitive enhancement properties, promoting neuronal growth and improving overall brain health.
• Alpha GPC , which help in the synthesis of Acetylcholine, an essential neurotransmitter that supports learning, memory, and concentration.
• Dynamine boosts alertness, energy, and focus.
• Artichoke extract supports overall heart health and provides potent antioxidant protection.

With this carefully selected combination of key ingredients, Thesis Nootropics aims to provide you with the necessary brain boost you need for enhanced cognitive performance and overall well-being.

Benefits and Effectiveness of Ingredients

• Reduced psychological and physiological stress response . L-theanine is known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety without causing drowsiness. This may help to improve focus and cognitive performance.
• Improved memory and cognitive function . Ashwagandha is a potent adaptogen that is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine to help the body cope with stress. It has also been shown to improve memory and cognitive function.
• Improved blood flow . Ginkgo biloba is a traditional medicine ingredient that is thought to improve blood flow to the brain, which can help to improve cognitive function. It also has anti-inflammatory properties that may help to reduce inflammation in the brain.
• Healthy brain cell membranes and efficient neurotransmission . Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid that is found in high concentrations in the brain. It supports the healthy structure and function of brain cell membranes and helps to promote efficient neurotransmission.
• Cognitive enhancement and overall brain health . Lion’s Mane is a functional mushroom that has been shown to promote neuronal growth and improve overall brain health. It may also enhance cognitive function, memory, and concentration.
• Increased alertness, energy, and focus . Dynamine is a natural compound that is similar in structure to caffeine. It may help to improve alertness, energy, and focus without the side effects of caffeine, such as jitters and anxiety.
• Overall heart health and antioxidant protection . Artichoke extract is a rich source of antioxidants that help to protect the body against oxidative stress. It also contains compounds that may help to support overall heart health by reducing cholesterol levels and improving blood flow.

Customizing Your Thesis Nootropics Experience

In order to get the most out of your Thesis Nootropics experience, a few key components are combined to create a personalized plan. This section will discuss four sub-sections: Thesis Questionnaire, Thesis Coaches, Thesis Starter Kit, and the TakeThesis.com Algorithm.

Thesis Questionnaire

Upon beginning your Thesis Nootropics journey, you’ll be prompted to complete a questionnaire which will assess your needs and goals. Your answers will be vital in determining the most suitable Thesis custom blend for your unique situation. As a result, it’s essential that you provide accurate and honest responses in order to receive the most effective recommendations.

Thesis Coaches

Once you have completed the questionnaire, you will have the opportunity to connect with experienced Thesis Coaches. These professionals are available to provide guidance, answer questions, and suggest the best ways to maximize your Thesis Nootropics experience. By communicating with a Thesis Coach, you can ensure that you’re getting the most out of your customized nootropics plan.

Thesis Starter Kit

Based on the results of your questionnaire and the advice of your Thesis Coach, you’ll be provided with a recommended Thesis Starter Kit. This kit contains a selection of custom blends designed to help you achieve your unique goals. Remember that consistency is key, so make sure to follow the suggested usage instructions for optimal results.

Pros and Cons

When considering Thesis Nootropics, it’s important to weigh the pros and cons of their products. Keep in mind that nootropic supplements impact individuals differently, and your experience may vary depending on your personal needs and goals.

• Elevated mood . Ingredients like L-Theanine and Ashwagandha in Thesis Nootropics may help elevate mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
• Lowered stress levels. The adaptogenic herbs in Thesis Nootropics, such as Rhodiola Rosea and Ashwagandha, are known for their ability to lower stress levels and promote relaxation.
• Personalized blends . Unlike other nootropic supplements that use a one-size-fits-all approach, Thesis offers personalized nootropics tailored to your individual needs and goals.
• Potential side effects . As with any supplement, there’s a risk of experiencing side effects when taking Thesis Nootropics. Some common side effects to watch out for include heartburn, headaches, confusion, dizziness, loss of appetite, and digestive issues.
• Effectiveness . While some people may experience noticeable benefits from using Thesis Nootropics, others may not feel any significant impact. 

As you weigh these pros and cons, remember that personal experience varies, and it’s essential to carefully monitor how these nootropics affect you.

Safety and Efficacy of Thesis Nootropics

Your search for a nootropic supplement that supports cognitive health might have led you to Thesis Nootropics. Before diving into its benefits, it’s crucial to understand its safety and efficacy.

Thesis Nootropics utilizes ingredients that have undergone clinical research, ensuring minimal side effects and a good chance of being safe for most people. It’s important to note that, with nearly three dozen ingredients in its catalog, not all of them may be safe for every user.

FDA Regulations

Keep in mind that nootropics, like other dietary supplements, are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). As a result, supplement manufacturers aren’t required to prove their products’ safety or efficacy. Always scrutinize the ingredients and consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Distinguishing Marketing Hype from Real Results

When it comes to nootropics, marketing hype can often blur the lines between the actual results and perceived benefits. Although Thesis Nootropics has received positive reviews and ratings, it’s essential to approach these with a degree of skepticism. Evaluate the product based on its ingredients and clinical research, rather than solely relying on testimonials.

Always consult a healthcare professional on the use of these supplements for any specific needs, and evaluate the ingredients and clinical research to differentiate between real results and marketing hype.

Customer Reviews

It’s crucial to consider the opinions of customers who have experienced Thesis Nootropics firsthand. In this section, we will delve into various customer reviews found on different platforms.

On the brand’s website, Thesis Nootropics has received a 4.4/5-star rating based on 7,956 reviews. This suggests that the majority of users found the product effective and worth investing in.

Some customers have also expressed concerns about the use of man-made ingredients—compared to more natural options

Customer reviews of Thesis Nootropics vary, and the product’s effectiveness may differ based on individual needs and preferences. While some users find it effective with positive ratings, others have concerns regarding its duration of benefits and ingredient selection.

What Do Experts Say?

Nootropics are compounds designed to enhance cognitive potential, improve state of well-being, and increase capabilities like reflexes and learning potential.

On Thesis website, you can see some testimonies coming from famous experts in the field: 

“I’ve been using Thesis for over a year now, and I can confidently say that their nootropics have been a total game changer for me” – Dr. Andrew Huberman (Neuroscientist and Professor of Neurobiology)

“I work with CEOs, celebrities, and other top performers in my practice. Thesis is what I recommend and take personally for focus and cognition. I even used it to help me nail my first TedX talk.” – Dr. Gabrielle Lyon (Functional Medicine and Nutritional Science) 

As cognitive enhancement is a complex area, the efficacy of Thesis Nootropics might not be universal for every user. Yet, the personalized approach they take to create nootropic blends might be a more fitting solution for many people

Monthly Subscription and Cost

To ensure the best value and experience with Thesis Nootropics products, you can opt for a monthly subscription. The subscription costs $ 79 per month , which is competitively priced within the market. With the subscription, you’ll receive a regular supply of nootropic blends (Energy, Motivation, or Clarity), so you can consistently maintain optimal cognitive performance.

When considering Thesis Nootropics as your cognitive enhancement solution, weigh your options regarding these blends and the subscription pricing. Ultimately, it’s an investment in your brain’s health and functionality.

Alternatives

While Thesis Nootropics offers a range of supplements for cognitive enhancement, there are many other nootropic brands on the market. Some popular alternatives include Mind Lab Pro, Qualia Mind, and Alpha Brain. It’s important to research different brands and compare ingredients before making a purchase.

Is It Worth It?

Based on our review of Thesis Nootropics, we believe that the brand offers high-quality supplements that can be effective for cognitive enhancement. However, the cost of some products may be prohibitive for some consumers. It’s important to weigh the potential benefits against the cost and consider alternative options.

Overall, Thesis Nootropics is a reputable brand that offers a variety of supplements for cognitive enhancement. While the cost of some products may be a concern for some consumers, the quality of the ingredients and the effectiveness of the supplements make it a worthwhile option to consider.

How long does it take for Thesis Nootropics supplements to take effect? 

The time it takes for Thesis Nootropics supplements to take effect can vary depending on the individual and the specific product. Some users report feeling the effects within 30 minutes to an hour, while others may take longer to notice a difference.

Are there any side effects associated with Thesis Nootropics supplements? 

While Thesis Nootropics supplements are generally considered safe, some users may experience side effects such as headaches, nausea, or difficulty sleeping. It’s important to start with a low dose and monitor any potential side effects.

Can I take Thesis Nootropics supplements with other medications or supplements? 

It’s important to consult with a medical professional before taking any new supplements or medications, including Thesis Nootropics. Some ingredients may interact with other medications or supplements, so it’s important to discuss any potential interactions with a healthcare provider.

• Choudhary, Dnyanraj, et al. “Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions.” Journal of Dietary Supplements , vol. 14, no. 6, 21 Feb. 2017, pp. 599–612, https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2017.1284970 . 
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• Malík, Matěj, and Pavel Tlustoš. “Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs.” Nutrients , vol. 14, no. 16, 1 Jan. 2022, p. 3367, www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3367 , https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163367 . 
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• Nash, Kevin M., and Zahoor A. Shah. “Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Role of Ginkgo Biloba in Neurological and Cerebrovascular Disorders.” Integrative Medicine Insights , vol. 10, Jan. 2015, p. IMI.S25054, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4640423/ ,   https://doi.org/10.4137/imi.s25054 . Accessed 30 Apr. 2023.
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• Salekzamani, Shabnam, et al. “The Antioxidant Activity of Artichoke ( Cynara Scolymus ): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Animal Studies.” Phytotherapy Research , vol. 33, no. 1, 22 Oct. 2018, pp. 55–71, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6213 . Accessed 30 Apr. 2023.
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Dorothy, a Registered Nutritionist-Dietitian, is currently pursuing a master’s degree in Public Health (MPH), with a major in Public Health Nutrition. Her enthusiasm for imparting knowledge about food, nutrition, and health is evident through her love for teaching university students. Apart from this, she has a keen interest in coffee, traveling, writing, cycling, running, cooking, and baking. Education: Silliman University Master of Public Health (MPH), Public Health Nutrition (2018-2022), Silliman University Bachelor of Science (BS), Nutrition and Dietetics (2010-2014)

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• Feature Stories

What Are Nootropics?

Whether you're a college student hoping to ace your exams, a busy professional striving for a promotion, or an older adult concerned about dementia , the idea of popping a pill that boosts your brainpower might seem appealing. So perhaps it's not surprising that the use of nootropics -- aka cognitive enhancers or smart drugs -- is on the rise. But do they work? And are they safe?

The term "nootropics" first referred to chemicals that met very specific criteria. But now it's used to refer to any natural or synthetic substance that may have a positive impact on mental skills. In general, nootropics fall into three general categories: dietary supplements , synthetic compounds, and prescription drugs.

While health experts generally agree that taking a prescription nootropic for an FDA-approved purpose (such as a stimulant medication if you have ADHD or donepezil if you have Alzheimer’s) may be helpful, the use of any type of cognitive enhancer in healthy people is far more controversial.

What Researchers Say

Barry Gordon, MD, PhD, director of the cognitive neurology/neuropsychology division at Johns Hopkins Medicine, says there's "no strong evidence" that any of the supplements now being sold for their supposed memory-boosting powers are helpful. "It's not clear that they work and not clear that they're safe," he says. He’s also skeptical of the basic premise behind nootropics.

"The circuits that are involved in human cognition are very complicated and not fully understood," he says. "You can't just 'turn up the dial' that easily." He notes that people who believe their mental performance has increased thanks to nootropics are largely being influenced by a placebo effect. "If you're more confident and think you'll do better, you will do better."

Chris D'Adamo, PhD, director of research and education at the University of Maryland’s Center for Integrative Medicine, has a different take. Like Gordon, he doesn't think nootropics will give you superhuman mental abilities, but he does believe they have the potential to offer some people an edge.

"Most people seeking to optimize cognitive function would be better off focusing on getting enough sleep , eating a nutrient-dense diet , and managing their stress ," he says. But once you have those basics down, the right nootropics might serve as a bonus, helping you think more clearly and sharply or reduce your chances of cognitive decline as you age, he says.

Types of Nootropics

Almost everyone uses a nootropic, whether they know it or not, says D'Adamo. He's talking about caffeine , and while it can have health risks if you overdo it, this natural stimulant has been shown to improve thinking skills. It doesn't simply make you feel more alert, says D'Adamo: Caffeine also gives you more access to several chemicals (neurotransmitters) in your brain such as acetylcholine, which helps with short-term memory and learning.

But most people interested in nootropics aren't sticking to coffee or tea. They’re branching out to dietary supplements. Some, such as ginseng and gingko, have not held up to scientific scrutiny. Yet others -- including CDP-choline, L-theanine, creatine monohydrate, Bacopa monnieri , huperzine A, and vinpocetine -- may still hold promise.

Racetams, such as piracetam, are another type of nootropic. You can get these synthetic compounds over the counter in the U.S., but they’re considered prescription drugs in some other countries. D'Adamo says these chemicals, which act on neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, have been studied in older adults who have a decline in thinking skills. He doesn’t recommend them for most younger, healthy people.

Prescription nootropics largely consist of stimulants such as those in some ADHD medications . Although these work well for many people with ADHD , they are not recommended for others who simply want to improve their focus and attention. Many college students get these types of drugs illegally, and while they may seem to help in the short term, there are serious risks. Side effects may include insomnia , blurry vision , high blood pressure , a fast heart rate , circulation problems, and addiction .

Another type of prescription nootropic is modafinil ( Provigil ). It's FDA-approved to treat narcolepsy, sleep apnea , and shift work disorder, but some studies suggest that it may help with learning and memory in healthy people. Modafinil appears to be safer than other types of stimulants, but more research is needed.

Most Promising Options

If you're considering trying nootropic supplements, you should talk it over with your doctor first. As with all supplements, you’ll want your doctor to let you know about any health risks, like effects on any conditions you have or medications you take.

Keep in mind that although there are some studies on the topic, they tend to be small or limited to the impact on older adults. Also, everyone's brain chemistry is unique, so what works for one person might not for another, says D'Adamo. That said, these four types might have promise:

L-theanine: This supplement seems to enhance the mental effects of caffeine and counteract caffeine -induced jitteriness, D'Adamo says. Research has shown that combining caffeine and L-theanine may help you multitask better. The safest way to get this combo is by drinking pure green tea, which contains both caffeine and L-theanine, but it's also OK to combine your usual coffee or tea with an L-theanine supplement.

Don't take caffeine in pill or power form, as it's too easy to overdo it. Caffeine, in excess, can be toxic, causing a racing heartbeat and even leading to seizures or death. Just 1 teaspoon of pure caffeine powder could have as much caffeine as you’d get from 28 cups of coffee. The FDA, which has cracked down on makers of pure and highly concentrated caffeine products, notes that the difference between a safe amount and a toxic amount is very small.

CDP-choline: Often prescribed in Europe as a drug, CDP-choline has been shown to help memory -- at least in people who have dementia caused by vascular problems in the brain. There are no known side effects, so it's generally considered safe to try.

Creatine monohydrate: Frequently found in body-building supplements, creatine helps build muscle mass. But studies have also found that it may improve reasoning skills and short-term memory in healthy people. It increases levels of a molecule called ATP, which leads to more cellular energy, D'Adamo says. "I take it regularly just for energy. It's very safe." But talk to your doctor first if you have any kidney problems.

Bacopa monnieri : A traditional Indian (ayurvedic) herb, Bacopa monnieri -- also known as brahmi -- has been suggested by some to help the brain processes information faster. It causes the branches of nerve cells (dendrites) to grow, says D'Adamo. He says this process takes some time; expect to wait 4-6 weeks for results. Although it's generally well-tolerated, it may cause abdominal cramping, nausea, and diarrhea.

While combining several of these supplements might seem like a good idea -- and many formulas on the market that do just that -- D'Adamo doesn't recommend it because most of the combos haven't been well-studied. Instead, he suggests trying one or two for a few months, then taking a month off before going back on them or switching to others. His concern is that you can become tolerant to nootropics (including caffeine), which means you'll need more and more for them to work for you.

As with any dietary supplements, you should also keep in mind that the FDA doesn’t closely regulate nootropic supplements the way it does prescription drugs. Look for reputable brands and trust your body: If you notice any side effects or don't see an improvement in the expected timeframe, it's wise to stop.

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Thesis Nootropics Review

Nootropics fan and expert James Dixon examines this personalized supplement in our Thesis Nootropics review. Find out how he rates it after testing it below…

Last Updated:

May 4, 2023

Written by James Dixon – fact checked by Jason M & the editorial team

James Dixon is one of the key players in the SOMA Analytics’ team. He is a personal trainer and is educated to Masters level in Philosophy. He is a published author and is a keen advocate of high quality nootropic supplements.

This article complies with the SOMA Analytics editorial policy. Full details of which can be found here

SOMA Analytics is supported by our readers. We may earn a commission when you purchase through links on this page. Our content is checked for factual accuracy by our editorial team and is written by expert nutritionalists.

Nootropic supplements – so called ‘smart drugs’ – are all the rage. They represent a rapidly expanding corner of the supplement market and have had genuinely life altering effects on many, many users – myself included.

They’re not actually ‘drugs’ as you would think of them. This isn’t medication we’re talking about, here. Rather, these supplements are compounds of natural ingredients designed to work together to boost your cognitive health and brain function.

A good nootropic should help you feel smarter… which is a bold claim. There is something to it, however. They should aid your focus, learning skills, memory, and creativity. They should reduce brain fog, anxiety, and lethargy, replacing them with clarity, calm, and plenty of low-key energy.

If you struggle with any of these symptoms, there is a good chance that you could do with a good nootropic, which is exactly what we’re looking at today. Though perhaps not the best of the best, Thesis Nootropics offer a range of products that are all intelligently crafted and, to a degree, fairly personalized.

And when I say they aren’t the best of the best, this doesn’t mean much. The nootropic market is crowded. There are a couple of standout items out there – NooCube springs to mind, here. Playing second fiddle to these is still a large accomplishment. Let’s dive in and take a full look as I dig in to this Thesis Nootropics review.

Quick Verdict: Thesis Nootropics

Can’t wait to read the whole article? Thesis Nootropics have a great range of different nootropics aimed at different needs. They also have an excellent nutritional coaching system to support you.

However, the reality is that most people won’t really gain from this additional 5% and products such as NooCube offer greater value for money with similar nootropic benefits.

Introducing Thesis Nootropics

As above, Thesis Nootropics are smart drugs. They offer high quality nootropics that are designed to help with various aspects of your cognitive health and function. Their products all contain top shelf ingredients all proven to help your brain to work optimally.

They also do something a bit different. Where most nootropics – and most other supplements, for that matter – offer you the same over the counter pills as they would offer anyone else, Thesis bring personalized supplements to bear. Through their online store, you can fully personalize your nootropic options to make the most of your own specific needs and circumstances.

It’s really quite clever.

They started out as FindMyFormula.com before rebranding a few years back. So, although ‘Thesis Nootropics’ may seem like a newcomer to the market, they have actually been around for a long time. They bring this pedigree to the fore with this product.

With a customer base of over half a million users, they have proven themselves and then some. The data they hold from their research into nootropics is peerless – I can’t think of anyone with better. And they use it well, crafting and re-crafting their formulae with proper, diligent science and data in mind.

The personalization process is actually quite straightforward too – at least, it is for the customer, which is always nice.

You start off by going to their website and taking their questionnaire. Don’t worry, it’s not all that comprehensive, asking for only basic information. There is no need to take any lab tests or divulge your medical history. However, it’s enough for them to make a match for the nootropic blends that will best suit your needs.

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There are two ways to read this, of course. Either, it’s a non-invasive way to tailor your supplements, or it’s not a deep enough dive, so how well tailored can they really be? I felt a little let down, here. When I came in being promised ‘personalized supplements’ I had higher hopes. Instead, it’s just sort of asking what you want and pointing you in the right direction.

It’s nice, it’s just not quite as revolutionary as the literature and branding suggest.

The next phase is good, though. They’ll send your shipment out to arrive with 1-3 business days. However, they ask you to treat this as a sample; they invite you to try out a few different blends of theirs before picking it. This data is fed back to their algorithm, further enhancing their future prescriptive capabilities.

Again, you can read this cynically or not. Either it’s a great way to search out what works best for you, or it’s doing their job for you and getting you to buy plenty of their products in the process… if their original diagnostics are that good, why do you then need to cycle through their catalogue?

Except that they allow you to try up to four before committing to a longer term formula. Pair this with that original questionnaire and, cynicism on hold, you have an excellent and innovative product. It helps you to refine your own choices without having to do the legwork, which can often take months, a lot of money, and a fair amount of trial and error.

The final part is my favorite part. This dispels much of my lingering cynicism. As a Thesis customer, you are assigned a nootropics expert, a sort of coach and pharmacist in one. You can consult with them virtually at any time. They can help you to further refine your nootropics regime, optimizing what can be optimized, tracking your progress and wellbeing, and generally educate you by ably answering any questions you might have.

I love this. It takes Thesis to the next level – it’s less a supplement and more a course focussed on wellbeing.

It’s not cheap, I’ll warn you now. A starter kit will go over a hundred dollars. A prescription will run to a monthly bill of around eighty. This is roughly twice what you would pay for something like NooCube or Mind Lab Pro , supplements I consider to be the best of the best. It’s around four times what you could pay for a lower end, yet workable, nootropic.

You’re presented with a choice, then: pay extra for the support and tailoring, or pay a far more reasonable amount for something that will still do the job incredibly well.

Why Choose Thesis Nootropics?

The benefits of Thesis Nootropics are fairly straightforward.

Firstly, Thesis shares the same benefits as any other good quality nootropic supplement. They offer several blends (more on this below), which between them can improve your cognitive function from pretty much every angle. You can boost your cognitive energy, improve your clarity, improve your memory and learning abilities, clear brain fog, improve your mood, reduce your stress levels, and boost your ability to focus, among other things.

This is all good. It’s what you’re looking for in a nootropic in the first place.

But, of course, the benefits go beyond this. The two main things you get from Thesis, that set it apart and above most of its competition, are really very special.

Firstly, of course, you get the personalization mentioned above. This can be fantastic. Or it can be a little superfluous. If you try something like NooCube, you will probably find it working for you. It may not be 100% scientifically optimal, but it will be 95% there for most of us.

However, if others haven’t worked for you, personalization may be a very good idea. You can really zero in on the aspects of your own cognitive health and function that you feel need improving. Also, if you want to get that final 5% (figures not accurate, of course) and don’t mind parting with a little extra cash, Thesis can be well worth it. You will be as cognitively optimal as modern nootropic research can make you, which is no small thing.

Then there is the access to their experts. Again, this can be superfluous. How much do most of us really need to know about nootropics above and beyond what you can read in any good review or rundown? Just learn the basics, throw back a couple of NooCube capsules, and get on with your life.

But, again, it can be wonderful. This is where the extra price begins to seem really quite minimal.

Our Preferred Alternative To Thesis

Although we found Thesis Nootropics to include high quality ingredients, the personalization for most people is not required and adds a lot of expense to an already pricey supplement.

We prefer NooCube, the nootropic taken by our tester and writer – thanks to its high quality formula, high impact results and value for money cost.

Thesis Nootropic Ingredients

Thesis Nootropics offer several different blends, relatively personalized towards the individual, focussed entirely on aiding different facets of cognition and brain health. Given these differences, it’s no surprise that each blend contains a different list of ingredients – though there are of course some commonalities between them.

The energy blend is one of their most popular. The formula is made to boost your energy levels whilst fighting fatigue and improving your mental stamina. It makes use of choline, which is known for aiding memory and learning. It also uses bot NAC and NALT, which aid detoxification and nerve cell communication, respectively.

It also includes some of their own ingredients, notably Sabroxy®, for increased dopamine output and a memory boost, TeaCrine®, for improved energy levels alongside motivation and cognitive function, and Zynamite®, purely for physical and mental energy.

It also includes some more standard energy inducing nootropic ingredients, notably caffeine, for energy, and l-theanine, to improve your stress response.

Next up, we have Thesis’ Clarity, which goes off book on the ingredients list. However, it still contains plenty of the ingredients I would expect to see in any good nootropic. You get 7,8-DHF and Alpha GPC, which both aid neural communication, neurogenesis, and neuro-protection. Epicatechin and Lion’s Mane also both provide neuro-protection, whilst also improving mood, memory, blood flow to the brain, and memory consolidation.

It also contains caffeine and l-theanine, making it good for stress response and energy levels.

Motivation is a bit of a funny one, as motivation is inherently a hard metric to either properly define or measure. However, in this context, motivation means a boost to willpower and productivity, and help in warding off procrastination.

It manages this with a good ingredients list. Artichoke extract kicks things off, improving circulation and helping with stress response (and management). Then there is Dynamine®, for a mood boost and plenty of long-lasting energy, without the kind of crash associated with caffeine.

Forskolin and l-phenylalanine work together to improve cognition function, mood, and attention. All of this should inspire greater motivation. It gives you a good dose of vitamin B12, too, for improved energy and to look after your nerve. It rounds out with caffeine and theanine.

Again, the Creativity formula is an odd one – can one scientifically boost creativity? Well, Thesis give it a good shot. It’s designed to improve verbal fluency and confidence, which should result in greater inspiration and the will to follow through with it.

The Creativity formula contains agmatine, ashwagandha and l-theanine, all of which help with managing stress levels and anxiety. It also contains Alpha GPC, which is great for memory, neuro-protection, and neurogenesis, and Zembrin®, which improves mood regulation and increase the flow of blood to the brain.

You also get a good caffeine hit with Thesis’ Creativity blend.

Finally, we have Thesis’ latest blend, Confidence. As you may well imagine, this leads to a boost in confidence!

Confidence’s ingredients all target stress, especially stress responses to insecurities, whilst promoting a feeling of self-assurance. These include magnesium, ashwagandha, saffron, sage, and DHH-B, all of which combine hopefully make you feel more confident in your own skin.

How to Use Thesis Nootropics

Nootropics are amongst the easier supplements to live with. There are no special timings or anything like that to hit, and the portions are all very manageable. Thesis Nootropics fit this pattern nicely. For all of their different lines, simply take them in the morning, ideally when you first get up, on an empty stomach with a decent glass of water.

If you need a bit of an extra boost during the day (particularly if you’re going for the energy blend), feel free to take a second dose at lunchtime to see you through until the evening. This will ensure clarity and energy all day long.

Using Thesis Nootropics

I was quite sceptical of nootropics when I first heard about them in the early 2010s. They sounded too good to be true – over the counter supplements made from all-natural ingredients that can boost your brain health and cognitive function? No way.

Many are too good to be true. Plenty of nootropics out there don’t do anything above and beyond giving you a brief energy kick, and this is usually down to their caffeine content. You’d be better off having a cup of coffee or cheap caffeine supplement.

Thesis Nootropics are not too good to be true. They are good – very good, in fact – and highly workable. I’m not entirely sold on them. I find them to be a bit gimmicky. They shouldn’t be gimmicky, of course – tailoring to your users and offering coaching is no gimmick. However, it’s just a little shallow to be truly tailored – they are simply giving you a selection of stacks, which many supplement stores offer (CrazyBulk, for instance).

And the coaching is perhaps a little superfluous for most people.

But the supplements themselves are good. They are well developed, well made, high quality, and will absolutely elicit the effects they claim in many, many people.

I got on well with them. I took their Energy blend first, which is always my priority (I’m always juggling seven or eight different projects at any time, so an energy boost will always be welcome!) It did what it said it would. I found my focus improving and my energy lasting me through the day. I usually drink a lot of coffee, which tends to give me spikes and crashes. The spike wasn’t as high with the Energy blend, but nor was there any kind of crash.

I also tried Clarity, as I take a couple of prescription medications that can lead to a touch of brain fog. It cut through my brain fog well, lending me a great deal of clear sighted cognitive energy. There was no coming round in the morning, no chugging espressos just to form a coherent sentence. Or, at least, I came round quicker and reduced my espresso intake.

I also wanted to know a bit about Thesis’ coaches, or whatever they call themselves. I got in touch and was chatting to a woman with a highly relevant, impressive array of academic credentials just a few days later. She explained how the components in the blends I was trying worked and interplayed, and pointed me in the direction of a couple more that I might to try.

The advice was kind of handy, though it wasn’t anything I would struggle to find out just from perusing their website. The information was interesting to a health and supplements nerd, but that was it. I can’t imagine it being in any way helpful. I can’t even imagine it being interesting to most people.

It’s not a good use of money (and you will be spending a lot of money on Thesis). The supplement is strong – the blends I tried were strong. But none of them gave me the kinds of results I have experienced whilst taking cheaper, better nootropics, namely NooCube – this is what I personally tend to take on an ongoing basis.

There is no harm in trying Thesis. They offer a one-month money-back guarantee, so you can get that hefty price tag (generally around $119) back again if you’re not satisfied. But I think you will be satisfied. Thesis is a satisfying product. It’s just not the best, and the best happens to be an awful lot cheaper.

Do also bear in mind that nootropics can cause side effects – Thesis’ blends are no exception. They can lead to blurred vision, high blood pressure, an accelerated pulse, circulation problems, and insomnia, though severe or long lasting cases are rare.

Pros and Cons

Thesis nootropics pros.

• Personalized for optimal benefits
• Comes with access to their experts
• High quality ingredients
• Highly reputable company
• Different blends for different uses/needs
• Ability to try out different blends before committing
• Easy to take

Thesis Nootropics Cons

• The personalization is a little shallow
• It’s very pricey (about twice as costly as other leading nootropics)

Our Thesis Video Review

Are Thesis Nootropics’ products vegan? 

All of Thesis Nootropics’ products are indeed suitable for vegans. All ingredients are free from animal products. However, they do note the possibility of cross contamination, so the product is not certified vegan.

Are Thesis Nootropics’ products gluten free?

Thesis Nootropics’ blends are all free from gluten, eggs, and nuts, as well as being dairy free. However, once more, they note the possibility of cross contamination. Their lines haven’t therefore been certified gluten free.

What is Thesis Nootropics’ shipping policy?

Thesis Nootropics have a fairly fast delivery service. They promise to dispatch all orders within one business day, with the packages being delivered between 1-3 business days after that. They do not offer international shipping, however, and they calculate costs at checkout, so do beware price hikes.

Thesis Nootropics are good. In fact, they are very good. The personalized aspect, whilst admittedly a little shallow, is still very welcome. I like it a lot. As a bit of a supplements nerd, I also love the idea of being able to chat to an expert at any time – this really is a nice touch.

However, I can’t help but feel that it’s all a little superfluous. Most people know their own needs. A quick Google search will show you what nootropics will be best for you. If in doubt, go for a cover-all nootropic. I keep mentioning NooCube with good reason – it should do pretty much everything that all of Thesis’ blends do.

Then there is the price. You’re paying a lot for a good product with plenty of customer care involved. However, as above, the customer care is largely excessive. If you really want it – and I can see plenty of people wanting it, with good reason – then by all means fork out extra. However, it’s just a little much for most people.

For a month’s supply (at non-subscription prices), you can buy around three months’ worth of NooCube. For this, you’ll be getting just about the best nootropic on the market with no extra legwork – just simply take it each morning, save some money, and get on with your life with your cognitive health in near perfect shape.

Verdict: Thesis Nootropics

Thesis Nootropics have a great range of different nootropics aimed at different needs. They also have an excellent nutritional coaching system to support you.

The reality is that most people won’t really gain from this additional 5% and alternative products such as NooCube offer far greater value for money with similar (if not better) nootropic benefits.

This article was written by: James Dixon – SOMA Analytics PT, Nutritionalist & Published Author

James Dixon is one of the key players in the SOMA Analytics’ team. He is a personal trainer and is educated to Masters level. He is a published author and is a keen advocate of high quality nootropic supplements. James enjoys helping others to reach their peak both physically and mentally and believes that expressing his knowledge through his writing is an effective way to positively impact the wellbeing of others on a larger scale.

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NOOTROPICS: DRUGS VS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS FOR BRAIN HEALTH

Nootropics—also referred to as “cognitive enhancers,” “smart drugs,” “memory enhancers,” or “brain boosters”—are substances intended to improve mental performance. The term “nootropic” originally referred to a chemical that met very specific criteria: enhances memory, helps brain function, protects the brain, and is relatively safe. No evidence exists to show that any dietary supplement product can satisfy all (or any) of these criteria. Today, however, the term is used more loosely and often refers to any naturally-occurring or synthetic (that is, created in a lab) substance that might act as a “cognitive enhancer.”

Nootropic dietary supplements sometimes contain drugs and other ingredients that have not gone through the appropriate regulatory framework. Many lack sufficient reliable evidence to show they are either safe or effective. Some dietary supplements marketed as nootropics contain ingredients prohibited for use by Service Members.

Nootropic products fall into two general categories: dietary supplements and drugs (prescription and over-the-counter). They contain substances (foods, herb, botanicals, dietary ingredients, pharmaceuticals) marketed to improve mental performance or functions—including memory, focus, motivation, concentration, and attention—and for overall brain health.

The problem with nootropic dietary supplements is that they might contain  drugs  (approved, unapproved, or both) or potential  “new dietary ingredients.”

Nootropic dietary supplements

Dietary supplements for brain health marketed as  “natural”  or  “herbal” nootropics  might include ingredients such as ashwagandha,  Bacopa monnieri ,  Ginkgo biloba , ginseng, huperzine A, omega-3 fatty acids, rhodiola, and valerian. Even some vitamins and minerals are marketed as nootropics, such as the B-complex vitamins and magnesium. Although such ingredients seem to be safe when taken in low doses and for the short term, so far the evidence to show whether any non-drug substance can improve cognitive performance is insufficient.

Some nootropic dietary supplement products contain multiple or mixtures of ingredients, with no evidence of how these ingredients might interact. Many contain  proprietary blends  that leave the consumer unaware of how much of each individual ingredient is in a product. And remember: More is not always better.

Nootropic drugs

Prescription nootropic drugs  are FDA-approved for specific medical purposes, such as to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or Alzheimer’s disease. For example, modafinil, methylphenidate, and various drugs for Alzheimer’s would be classified as nootropics. These drugs have been proven to be safe and are intended only for use under medical supervision.

Over-the-counter drugs , like prescription drugs, must be approved by FDA, and several could be considered nootropic. For example, the product NoDoz® is marketed to maintain alertness.

Unapproved drugs  are drugs that have not yet been approved by FDA, so we don’t know whether they are safe or effective. Ingesting these substances, either knowingly or unknowingly, poses a risk to any individual. Currently, racetam drugs are not approved by FDA for use in the U.S. as drugs or dietary supplement ingredients, although some are approved drugs (currently or in the past) in other countries. Vinpocetine, sulbutiamine, phenibut, and huperzine A have been approved as drugs in countries outside the U.S., so they are additional examples of unapproved drugs often found in nootropic dietary supplements.

Nootropic dietary supplements sometimes contain drugs

FDA regulates dietary supplements differently than prescription drugs. Dietary supplements do not require FDA approval prior to marketing, so dietary supplement products can be  misbranded or adulterated . FDA also has found some nootropic dietary supplements to be tainted with drugs or other ingredients that have not gone through the FDA regulatory pathway. Sometimes these ingredients are “hidden”—that is, they aren’t disclosed on the product label.

Some nootropic dietary supplements are marketed with questionable claims. For example, some nootropic and cognitive-enhancing dietary supplement products claim they can enhance mental performance and make your brain healthier. By law, however, a dietary supplement cannot claim to treat or prevent any medical condition. When a dietary supplement product makes such claims, according to FDA, the ingredients are considered “new drugs,” and the product cannot be sold without going through FDA’s pre-market approval process required for drugs.

Many consumers believe dietary supplement products are “natural”—and therefore safe—but this isn’t necessarily the case, especially when they contain drugs.

Ingredients to watch out for

Some ingredients in nootropics marketed as dietary supplements have not gone through the FDA regulatory pathway to actually be used in dietary supplements. Some of these could actually be drugs. Examples of some ingredients to watch out for and reasons for concern are noted below.

Ingredients on the  DoD Prohibited Dietary Supplement Ingredients List

• adrafinil* (Olmifon, Noofon)
• DMHA (octodrine)*
• higenamine*
• methylphenidate* (Ritalin, Concerta)
• modafinil* (Provigil)
• racetam drugs: piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, omberacetam (Noopept), phenylpiracetam* (Phenotropil), pramiracetam (Nootropil), etc.
• sulbutiamine
• vinpocetine

Other questionable ingredients (“natural” and “herbal” ingredients)

• B-PEA (b-phenylethylamine or beta-phenethylamine)*
• halostachine (N-methyl phenylethanolamine)
• huperzine A

*On the  World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List

For a look into the evidence about some of the ingredients marketed for brain health mentioned above, read the OPSS articles on  ashwagandha ,  Bacopa monnieri ,  Ginkgo biloba ,  huperzine A ,  omega-3 fatty acids ,  phenibut , and  vinpocetine .

Updated 12 May 2023

Baker, B., & Forbes-Ewan, C. (2017). Military effectiveness of five dietary supplements purported to aid cognitive and physical performance. Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health, 25 (2), 35–47. Retrieved from https://jmvh.org/article/military-effectiveness-of-five-dietary-supplements-purported-to-aid-cognitive-and-physical-performance

Butler, M., Nelson, V. A., Davila, H., Ratner, E., Fink, H. A., Hemmy, L. S., . . . Kane, R. L. (2017). Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168 (1), 52–62. doi:10.7326/m17-1530

Cohen, P. A. (2018). The FDA and adulterated supplements—Dereliction of duty. JAMA Network Open, 1 (6), Article e183329. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3329

Cohen, P. A., Wen, A., & Gerona, R. (2018). Prohibited stimulants in dietary supplements after enforcement action by the US Food and Drug Administration. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178 (12), 1721–1723. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4846

Cohen, P. A., Zakharevich, I., & Gerona, R. (2019). Presence of piracetam in cognitive enhancement dietary supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine , Article 5507. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507

Crawford, C., Boyd, C., Avula, B., Wang, Y.-H., Khan, I. A., & Deuster, P. A. (2020). A public health issue: Dietary supplements promoted for brain health and cognitive performance. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 26 (4), 265–272. doi:10.1089/acm.2019.0447

Crawford, C., & Deuster, P. A. (2020). Be in the know: Dietary supplements for cognitive performance. Journal of Special Operations Medicine, 20 (2), 132–135.

Crawford, C., Wang, Y.-H., Avula, B., Bae, J.-Y., Khan, I. A., & Deuster, P. A. (2020). The scoop on brain health dietary supplement products containing huperzine A. Clinical Toxicology, Online , Article 171337. doi:10.1080/15563650.2020.1713337

FDA. (2019). FDA takes action against 17 companies for illegally selling products claiming to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Retrieved 10 February 2020.

Giurgea, C., & Salama, M. (1977). Nootropic drugs. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology , 1(3-4), 235–247. doi:10.1016/0364-7722(77)90046-7

Global Council on Brain Health. (2019). The Real Deal on Brain Health Supplements: GCBH Recommendations on Vitamins, Minerals, and Other Dietary Supplements. AARP, Washington, DC, Retrieved 26 January 2021 from: https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/health/brain_health/2019/06/gcbh-supplements-report-english.doi.10.26419-2Fpia.00094.001.pdf

Malykh, A. G., & Sadaie, M. R. (2010). Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs. Drugs, 70 (3), 287–312. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database: Piracetam, CID=4843. Retrieved 30 April 2019 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/piracetam

Rutjes, A. W. S., Denton, D. A., Di Nisio, M., Chong, L.-Y., Abraham, R. P., Al-Assaf, A. S., . . . McCleery, J. (2018). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (12), Article CD011906. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011906.pub2

Tucker, J., Fischer, T., Upjohn, L., Mazzera, D., & Kumar, M. (2018). Unapproved pharmaceutical ingredients included in dietary supplements associated with US Food and Drug Administration warnings. JAMA Network Open, 1 (6), Article e183337. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.3337

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2018). Unproven Alzheimer’s disease products. Retrieved 30 April 2019 from https://www.fda.gov/consumers/health-fraud-scams/unproven-alzheimers-disease-products