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Enchanting Marketing

Writing advice for small business

Clincher Sentences: The #1 Way to Reinforce a Message and Jump-Start Action

by Henneke | 82 enchanting opinions, add yours? :)

A clincher sentence is a concluding sentence reinforcing your key message.

This article discusses how to write a clincher:

How to write clinchers

I’m half skimming, half reading a fairly interesting article—all the way until the last word.

But as soon as I’ve finished, I’ve already forgotten what I’ve read.

Sound familiar?

If you want readers to remember your words, you need to invigorate your message and jump-start your readers into action.

And the easiest way to do that?

Write a clincher sentence.

Eh … what is a clincher sentence?

You’ll find clinchers as the last sentence of a well-written blog post, essay, or book chapter; or at the end of a section in a blog post—before a subhead introduces the next section.

A clincher sentence is a soundbite , communicating a nugget of wisdom. It’s a memorable point that may linger in your reader’s mind long after she’s finished reading your content.

Want to know how to write these powerful sentences?

Examples of clincher sentences

In his memoir My Father, the Pornographer , Chris Offutt ends most chapters with excellent clincher sentences.

For instance, the ending of the 4th chapter gives us insight in the son’s relationship with his father:

(…) I realized the landscape would always hold me tight, that I could never escape, that in fact what I loved and felt most loyal to were the wooded hills, and not my father.

And the 25th chapter ends as follows (note: cons refers to conventions where his father’s fans would gather):

Dad seldom left the house over which he held utter dominion. When he did leave, he went to cons, an environment that assuaged his ego in every way. He grew accustomed to these two extremes and became resentful when his family failed to treat him like fans did. We disappointed him with our need for a father.

Ouch. We disappointed him with our need for a father. A hard truth.

If writing was a boxing match, the clincher sentence would be the knockout blow.

But how do you deliver a killer punch?

How to write a clincher sentence

To write a clincher sentence, you first must know your key message.

So, think about this: If readers would remember one thing from your article or book chapter, what would it be?

If you can’t think of the key message, your idea might still be a little fuzzy. Let it simmer for a while, and then revisit your post. Which question do you want to answer? What problem do you help solve? What is your key tip?

To get unstuck, use one of these sentence starters to help formulate your key point:

• In conclusion (or ultimately ), [add your final say on the topic or sum up your argument]
• Remember, [remind readers of your key idea—sometimes you only need to rephrase an earlier sentence]
• Your action: [tell readers what to do with your advice]
• Your takeaway: [sum up the main point readers should remember]

The two-punch approach to clinchers

In educational or inspirational writing, you can use the two-punch approach. Firstly, remind readers what you’ve explained already. And secondly, nudge them to implement your advice.

For instance, Mark Manson uses this approach in his article about the most important question of your life . His penultimate sentence summarizes his key point:

This is the most simple and basic component of life: our struggles determine our successes.

And his last sentence addresses the reader directly to nudge him to implement his advice:

So choose your struggles wisely, my friend.

At the end of their book Made to Stick , Chip and Dan Heath take the same approach. The penultimate sentence summarizes their key point:

Stories have the amazing dual power to simulate and to inspire.

And their very last sentence encourages readers to implement their advice by telling them it’s not as hard as they might think:

And most of the time we don’t even have to use much creativity to harness these powers—we just need to be ready to spot the good ones that life generates every day.

Remember, your clincher sentence is the killer punch encouraging readers to implement your advice.

So, summarize and inspire.

(See what I just did? That was another two-puncher.)

Make your killer punch reverberate

My favorite type of clincher sentence sketches a vivid image , giving energy to your key idea.

Chris Offutt ends the 5th chapter of his memoir with a vivid story—the clincher sentence is the last sentence (I made it bold):

A week after the memorial service [of my father], I took Mom to a greenhouse built of plastic sheeting. Mom selected a plant with white flowers, then smiled, shook her head, and chose red flowers instead. “Your father was color-blind,” she said. “I only bought white flowers so he could see them.” She took the red ones home. After fifty years Mom planted flowers she liked in her own backyard.

And Mark Manson sketches a vivid image at the end of his post about the real value of money —the clincher sentence is in bold:

The real value of money begins when we look beyond it and see ourselves as better, as more valuable, than it is. When it’s not about the accumulation of stuff but rather the enactment of experiences. When it’s not about the mug but rather the coffee that’s in it.

Vivid images haunt readers, popping up in their minds hours—or even days—after reading your content.

When to use a clincher sentence …

At the end of a book or blog post, you don’t have a choice. To avoid your writing petering out, finish with a clincher sentence.

However, at the end of a book chapter or blog post section, you can choose. You can either look ahead and make readers curious to read on, or you can look back and summarize your key message.

To look ahead, use a cliffhanger to raise a question and make readers lean forward, eager to learn more. For instance, in the gripping book American Kingpin , Nick Bilton uses cliffhangers at the end of each chapter.

Here’s the last sentence of the first chapter:

“You got a minute?” he said as he threw the white envelope on the desk. “I have something important I need to show you.”

And the end of the second chapter:

And yet, as he hopped into the car next to his sister, he also didn’t know that in just five years he would be making that amount of money in a single day.

And the end of the 3rd chapter:

But what wasn’t clear to either of them, as they rolled around on his dinky bed in the basement, was that the relationship they were about to embark on would be the most tumultuous romance of Ross’s and Julia’s adult lives. And, for Ross, it would be his last.

Before I started reading the book American Kingpin , I already knew the outcome. I knew Ross Ulbricht gets jailed. Yet, the narrative is so gripping and the cliffhangers so compelling, that I couldn’t put the book down. I wanted to know exactly how the story unfolded.

How to use a cliffhanger + a clincher sentence

You don’t have to choose between a clincher and a cliffhanger.

You can use them both.

For instance, in their book Decisive , Chip and Dan Heath explain how to make better choices in life and work. The closing paragraph of the introduction starts like this:

We may make only a handful of conscious, considered choices every day. But while these decisions don’t occupy much of our time, they have a disproportionate influence on our lives.

Then comes the clincher sentence with a vivid image:

The psychologist Roy Baumeister draws an analogy to driving—in our cars, we may spend 95% of our time going straight, but it’s the turns that determine where we end up.

And they end their introduction with a cliffhanger, making us curious to read on (what’s the four-part process?):

This is a book about those turns. In the chapters to come, we’ll show you how a four-part process can boost your chances of getting where you want to go.

So, at the end of a section or book chapter, you have 3 options:

• Write a cliffhanger to encourage readers to read on.
• Compose a clincher to summarize your key point with a punch.

Each sentence helps communicate your ideas

And, of course, each sentence can keep a reader engaged or turn him off.

Yet, your clincher sentence is more important than other sentences.

Because it’s the clincher that reinforces your message.

So, write a strong sentence.

The Enchanting Blog Writing course (rated 4.9 out of 5.0) teaches you how to captivate, educate, and inspire your readers.

Learn more >>

Recommended reading on writing strong sentences:

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Reader Interactions

Leave a comment and join the conversation cancel reply.

December 18, 2023 at 6:11 am

I love this! And you didn’t just talk about the power of clincher sentences; you demonstrated it in this blog post. Each ending makes me look forward to the next and understand the key message better.

December 18, 2023 at 12:36 pm

Thank you, Lux. That’s a lovely compliment. I always try to talk the talk *and* walk the walk!

November 2, 2023 at 3:18 pm

Super helpful post. Thank you.

November 2, 2023 at 3:37 pm

Thank you, Sheila. Happy writing!

February 11, 2023 at 3:30 pm

I really appreciated this article because it’s sometimes difficult to put the right kind of bow on a post, chapter, article or whatever I’m writing to hammer home the point trying to be made. Great tips and suggestions! Thank you!

February 12, 2023 at 2:40 pm

I’m glad you found it useful, Dave. Happy writing!

May 17, 2022 at 3:44 pm

Great post – thank you, Henneke. And I do agree about clinchers. I often find myself wanting to see them at the end of blog posts or articles, as they really tie it all beautifully. I love the red poppy metaphor :-).

May 17, 2022 at 6:35 pm

I am glad you enjoyed this, Daniela. It’s such a pity that many blog posts just fizzle out without any clincher, isn’t it?

I often write a clincher after letting a draft rest for a day (or more). This way I get a better idea of how I want to finish and can write the last few sentences with more energy.

Thank you for stopping by!

November 19, 2021 at 7:14 am

Hello Henneke, This is great. I’ve been applying these styles unknowingly. Now I’m well informed. Greeting from Kenya!!

November 19, 2021 at 12:35 pm

So good that you’re doing this already! Thank you for stopping by, Michael.

February 25, 2021 at 4:59 pm

There are so many writing blogs I visit briefly, but yours is the one I read to the end each time. You make things so alive and interesting. I am planning a non-fiction on self-healing and I want it to have this feeling you generate so easily. I am a planner, and I love that you teach structure, strategy and purpose. You have a follower in me. Thank you so much for being so giving.

February 25, 2021 at 10:26 pm

Thank you so much for your lovely compliment, Raj. I much appreciate it.

March 4, 2020 at 6:01 pm

Henneke, thank you for your response it was very helpful. I love your website it has really improved my writing, thank you again. Sincerely Kenzie,

March 1, 2020 at 9:23 pm

I know this is a question not a comment but I really need an answer. Should I make my clincher sentence humorous. Can I make my clincher sentence humorous?

March 2, 2020 at 4:54 pm

Yes, clincher sentences can be humorous.

November 30, 2019 at 2:34 pm

Henneke, this really resonates as I embark on my next book. I can see using this in marketing as well as memoir and other genres.thanks for sharing. I’m learning a lot from you.

December 2, 2019 at 6:05 pm

Thank you for stopping by again, Alicia. I’m glad you liked this! Happy writing 🙂

September 6, 2019 at 2:36 pm

Oh my god! This is so helpful! Thanks so much , Henneke.

September 7, 2019 at 5:06 pm

Thank you, Vikki. Happy writing!

September 5, 2019 at 4:59 pm

Hello Henneke, Thank you so much. Am understanding. If you could give more examples on cliff hangers it will help me.Clinchers are a nice thing to.Am happy to know that you know Mark Manson. Thanks and Take care.

September 7, 2019 at 5:04 pm

You may want to check out my article on cliffhangers: https://www.enchantingmarketing.com/hook-your-reader-with-cliffhangers/

September 1, 2019 at 6:18 am

Hi Henneke I truly enjoy reading your posts and myself I am a part-time blogger. I have been blogging for over a year but still I am finding difficult in writing a good blog article that would keep readers engaged in reading by articles. I am trying hard to improve my writing skills so that I could express more in my writing. Could you please suggest me some of the best practical ways to improve by writing.

September 2, 2019 at 3:49 pm

I hope you’re not too critical of your own writing. Improvement is always possible. You can find my most useful articles on blog writing here: https://www.enchantingmarketing.com/business-blogging/

November 8, 2018 at 7:49 pm

Ah, Henneke… My daughter is writing her first article, about a raising money to build a school. ‘How do I start?’ I sent her this, and two other blog posts of yours. Found them in seconds. You’ve now inspired 3 generations of my family. Thank you

November 8, 2018 at 9:21 pm

Wow, that’s wonderful! Thank you so much for letting me know, Rachel. Happy writing to all of you 🙂

August 8, 2018 at 11:08 am

I can see my entire life evolving round those enchanting vocabularies, the teacher is something else, her sense of arrangement, is fantastic, and she is one out of a million. I am in love with the methods of teaching and I just hope I can put all these into practice. Thank you dear instructor, Pro. Henneke. I am grateful to you and I hope you start teaching again soon. Do, have a nice holidays. your student, Paula.

August 8, 2018 at 7:49 pm

Thank you for your lovely comment, Paula. I’m glad you’re enjoying my blog!

Happy writing 🙂

July 28, 2018 at 8:58 pm

Thank you for the great advice, detailed explanation and useful examples. I feel I already use some of these techniques, I just didn’t think of them this way.

July 30, 2018 at 6:43 pm

Yes, many writers use clincher sentences naturally. Thank you for taking the time to comment, Mihaida. Happy writing!

July 26, 2018 at 11:03 am

As I typed in the name of your website, it popped up in my browser so it means I’ve visited your site before, but may not have actually read your blog posts. This is my first, and I LOVE the content and your writing style.

As others have said, you simplify teaching points and make them a delight to read and learn from. This one on “clinchers” and “cliffhangers” is excellent. They’re not new to me, but your well-chosen examples bring them to life. Now, instead of doing this occasionally, I’ll integrate them in all of my posts. Thank you. You have a new fan.

July 26, 2018 at 11:48 am

Welcome, Yvonne, and thank you for your lovely comment. It makes me happy to know that you feel inspired to apply my tips to you writing. Happy blogging!

July 22, 2018 at 7:10 pm

Thanks for the advice. I have been trying to improve my copywriting skills to use on my websites. I have been hiring writers to do it in the past but I want to do it myself. This tip will come in handy.

July 24, 2018 at 7:55 pm

Great. Thank you for your comment, Rich. Happy writing!

July 9, 2018 at 11:23 am

I like the fact that we don’t have to choose either a clincher or a cliffhanger — we can use both at the same time if necessary.

I guess it comes down to a case-by-case evaluation in the end — what would be most beneficial to your readers in a particular instance?

Thanks for another example-laden article, Henneke. Your writing tips are always great, but the books you reference are the icing on the cake as they are always fascinating ?

July 12, 2018 at 1:05 pm

Yes, you can choose or do both. I don’t think it matters much. The key is to think about how you want to end a piece of writing or a section of that piece.

I’m glad you’re enjoying my book recommendations.

Thank you, Alison. I appreciate your regular comments. They’re really helpful to me.

July 6, 2018 at 8:07 am

Hello Henneke, I enjoy all your informative blogs unlike a few who have had impressed me as you do. But in spite of all the motivating write-ups, I am still in a dilemma from where to start. You must on facebook, can you give your link? BEST, Manaj Banerjee India.

July 6, 2018 at 5:51 pm

I’m glad you’re enjoying my blog posts, Manaj. I don’t have a Facebook account. You may find that it doesn’t really matter where you start. Just start somewhere.

July 5, 2018 at 5:32 pm

Hi Henneke,

This may be my favorite post of yours. Great examples. Hope you are doing well.

July 5, 2018 at 5:44 pm

Thank you, Chris. I see you’ve started a new podcasting project earlier this year. It looks good!

July 5, 2018 at 7:40 am

A clincher – I have to look up the literal meaning. Did not know there was a word for it! How very clever. Great post!

July 5, 2018 at 7:43 am

Ah, decisive – klinknagel. Got it! There’s no word like that in Dutch.

July 5, 2018 at 12:20 pm

I only knew clincher as a decisive argument in a negotiation. Only recently, I discovered it’s also used for the last (decisive) sentence of a paragraph, essay or chapter. I don’t know a good word for it in Dutch either!

July 5, 2018 at 1:38 pm

There is none. I wonder which author wrote that book.. Damn.. How many writing books do you read, anyway?

July 5, 2018 at 2:58 pm

I rarely read books about writing these days. At some point, there’s nothing new in them anymore. I prefer reading fiction.

July 4, 2018 at 10:32 pm

This is good Henneke. Really good. Like a 1 line summary of all you wrote about throughout the blog post. A home run sentence in many ways. If you can send off folks with an impact they will remember you.

July 5, 2018 at 12:08 pm

Yep, that’s it. And don’t forget that you can also summarize along the way (at the end of each section or paragraph) to keep readers on track.

July 4, 2018 at 10:07 pm

A timely post, Henneke. Thanks for the interesting examples. Now, do I add clinchers, cliffhangers or both? Let the editing begin. I do love your emails. ♡

July 5, 2018 at 12:05 pm

To choose my option, I try to read my post through the eyes of my ideal reader and imagine what’s the best way to guide her to her destination. My hunch is that it doesn’t matter so much what option we choose as long as we don’t let our message float and our articles fizzle out. Happy writing!

July 4, 2018 at 8:21 pm

Well, I now need to go back and rewrite the ending to almost everything! 😀 But thanks to you, I also know how. What a lovely gift your post always is! Thanks so much!

July 5, 2018 at 12:02 pm

I rarely go back to improve old posts. I bet that if I tried I’d could improve them quite a lot, but I find it’s so much more interesting to write a new post and it’s not possible to do it all.

Thank you for stopping by again, Katharine!

July 4, 2018 at 4:47 am

what I love best in your writing is the small summary with Henrietta … it sticks the info to my brain cells with a superglue. Thank you.

July 4, 2018 at 9:51 am

The drawing is my real clincher 😉

Thank you, Heba.

July 3, 2018 at 9:27 pm

As usual Henneke – your sound advice just when I need it most. I’ve always had trouble finishing chapters and you’ve summed up the solution wonderfully. Thank you from very cold Sydney.

July 3, 2018 at 10:56 pm

That makes me happy, Paul. I love it when guidance arrives at the perfect moment. I hope you’re keeping warm despite the cold!

July 3, 2018 at 8:29 pm

What I love about thinking in terms of cliffhangers and clinchers is it challenges us as writers to be clear about the point we are trying to make, and the questions we want the reader to ask. It helps us shape the reader’s experience. You have such a gift for simplifying writing concepts!

July 3, 2018 at 10:55 pm

Yes, that’s so true! It about finding the best way to take our reader’s by the hand and guide him to his destination.

July 3, 2018 at 4:00 pm

Original: “When it’s not about the mug but rather the coffee that’s in it.”

My version: “When it’s not about the mug nor the coffee but rather the person you share it with.”

July 3, 2018 at 4:23 pm

I love that! Good meals require good company 🙂

July 3, 2018 at 3:06 pm

I learn so much in such an easy way. You are the best Writer’s Coach. Thank you

July 3, 2018 at 4:21 pm

Thank you for your lovely compliment, Shirley.

July 3, 2018 at 2:35 pm

I did these but didn’t know what they were called. I need to always make sure I am using them. Thanks, Henneke for the education!

July 3, 2018 at 4:20 pm

I only recently learned that these sentences actually have a name. Hardly anyone seems to explain what these sentences are.

Happy writing!

July 3, 2018 at 2:28 pm

Lovely post and super educational too!

While, I might have written clincher sentences, unaware of the fact that they are that, your article gave a thorough lesson of this.

Ultimately, it now dawned on me that, writing and the world of literature has so much more into it that it almost feels like fantasy to live on and on.

July 3, 2018 at 4:19 pm

To be honest, I knew about the principle of writing final sentences for a long time, but I learned the phrase “clincher sentence” only recently.

Once you know about clincher sentences, it’s really interesting to pay attention to them and see which writers use them well and who don’t. Writing is so much fun because there’s always more to learn.

Thank you for stopping by, Swadhin. Good to see you again! 🙂

July 3, 2018 at 2:24 pm

Really useful post Henneke. I was scrambling through the words to see your clincher sentence and it didn’t disappoint!

The post reminds me of Stephen Covey’s “begin with the end in mind” habit which can apply to just about anything, including writing, and something I hadn’t thought about.

July 3, 2018 at 4:16 pm

Yes, great point about beginning with the end in mind. That is so true.

I paid even more attention to my clincher sentences than usually because I figured that people would pay more attention to them than usually. Walk the talk, eh? 😉

July 3, 2018 at 2:18 pm

Once again great advice! I was never quite sure how to end my blog posts. I’m afraid most of them just end with no real conclusion or summary. I’m always learning with each tidbit of writing instruction you give. Thank you.

July 3, 2018 at 4:13 pm

You’re not alone. Many bloggers don’t write endings, even on the biggest blogs. You may find this post useful, too: https://www.enchantingmarketing.com/how-to-write-closing-paragraphs/

Happy writing, Mary Ann. And thank you for stopping by.

July 3, 2018 at 1:31 pm

Hi, Henneke,

Excellent information. I used this once without knowing it was a clincher sentence. To me it’s like preparing a nice dinner; add just enough seasoning or salt to give it that extra bit of kick before serving or enjoying.

Agai​​​n, excellent information, and so needed.

The best tip ever just like a bite-sized snack.

Thank you kindly,

July 3, 2018 at 3:07 pm

Love this clincher concept, Henneke. Along with a blog post or book section, would you use clinchers and cliffhangers in an ecourse as way to build anticipation and keep people engaged?

July 3, 2018 at 4:22 pm

Yes, it works for ecourses, too. Depending on how the course works, each lesson (or module) can have a cliffhanger to explain what you’ll learn in the next section, a takeaway (summary of the main learning points), and an action point (perhaps an assignment).

July 3, 2018 at 4:12 pm

So funny, I had been thinking about using a food metaphor, too. I was thinking of a dessert to finish of your meal. Perhaps cheese with a glass of red wine, or would you prefer a sorbet?

Thank you for your lovely comment, Becky. Keep seasoning your writing 🙂

July 3, 2018 at 12:54 pm

Henneke never fails to deliver posts that make you sit up and go hmmmmmmmmmm. Thanks!

July 3, 2018 at 4:10 pm

Thank you, Tim, for such a lovely comment. You put a smile on my face 😀

Excellent information on a very specific and useful writing tool. I’ve saved your clincher/cliffhanger image to my blog inspiration folder. It may even go on the fridge! Thank you!

July 3, 2018 at 4:09 pm

Oh wow, what an honor. My Henrietta drawing on your fridge 🙂

Thank you for the reminder and inspiring ideas, Henneke.

I’m glad you like it, Irina 🙂

July 3, 2018 at 12:43 pm

I’m printing this to refer to when I’m writing, Henneke. Your tips are immediately actionable and your writing sparkles. Thank you for your emails!

July 3, 2018 at 4:08 pm

Thank you for your lovely compliment, Dana. Happy writing!

July 3, 2018 at 12:15 pm

Hi Henneke!

Very good! So good that I took an excerpt out of it and put it in my FB learning group, with a link back to your article – hope that’s OK! (But do let me know if not).

July 3, 2018 at 12:40 pm

Thank you for sharing, Claire. Happy writing.

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A Simple Guide to Understanding the Clincher Sentence With Examples

As a part of academic writing, a clincher sentence plays an important role in resolving the claims and theories laid in the preceding paragraph. In this article, we will look at what a clincher sentence is, its purpose, and a few examples to help understand their use.

Quick Tip It is important to note that, although the clincher sentence is the last statement of a paragraph, it should not bring attention to the fact that the essay is at an end by directly stating so. This is because, the conclusion of the essay will usually have to maintain a tone of credibility, which can be damaged by an unprofessional clincher.

A clincher sentence can be defined as a statement, argument, fact, situation, or the like, that is decisive or conclusive. In academic writing, this is a statement in a expository paragraph which reiterates the topic and summarizes how the information in the paragraph supports the topic. Normally, each paragraph starts with a topic sentence which tells the reader about what the paragraph will discuss. This is followed by the body which gives evidence and arguments that support the topic statement. The final sentence of each of these paragraphs are clincher sentences. The statement should not simply be a summary, but it should make the reader feel that the writing is complete.

If you want to write an effective paragraph, a clincher sentence at the end is a must. It wraps up the topic, provides closure, and concludes the writing. Its purpose is also to give the writer a chance to leave a strong impression on the reader.

Role of a Clincher Sentence

A clincher sentence should smoothly end the essay, keeping the needs of the reader in mind. The sentence should not restate the exact words, but should end a complicated topic in way that is easy to understand. Rather than just being a plain summary, it has to add value to the paragraph.

How to Write a Clincher Sentence

For starters, try beginning the concluding sentence with words such as ‘ultimately’ or ‘in conclusion’. Immediately following these words, the clincher sentence does state the topic statement one more time in new words, and broadens out the stance, before ending the paragraph. It is important that you maintain a professional tone, and make your stand on the topic absolutely clear without a trace of ambiguity. The clincher should reinforce and summarize the topic that you have written about in the preceding paragraph.

Another alternative is to ask the reader a question, or insert a quote, which is most likely to get a positive response towards a hypothesis being presented by the topic, or one can use shocking facts, rhetorical questions, humor, or an appeal to the reader, if it is appropriate for the paragraph. Using plain facts and numbers could make the reader bored. So make sure that the clincher is strong and packs a punch.

Example 1 : Topic: Seattle is a beautiful place.

Body Paragraph : The city of Seattle has a large number of picturesque locations, with a wide variety of environment, which makes the city a great place for photography, and draws a large number of tourists each year. For the best pictures, visit Pu Pu Point, Snoqualmie Falls, Columbia Tower, Beacon Hill, Gasworks Park, Seattle Central Library, Pioneer Square, amongst many others.

Clincher Sentence : It is clear from the immense number of scenic locales that are on offer, that Seattle is a memorable place that one must visit.

Example 2 : Topic: Pets help in detecting disease.

Body Paragraph : Pets reduce loneliness, they’re loyal, comfort us in tough times, and keep us happy. However, some animals seemingly perform miracles by predicting health problems and keeping their owners from dangerous situations. In California, a woman named Nancy Best noticed that her dog kept sniffing and licking her right breast. On consultation, doctors diagnosed her with breast cancer. In another case, a woman named Megan Johnson, who had type 1 diabetes, was woken up from her sleep by her dog several times when her sugar levels were dangerously low.

Clincher Sentence : With their extremely accurate senses, pets can be quite helpful in finding and alerting a person of illnesses before it becomes too late. 

As can be seen, with their high-impact nature, clincher sentences are a great method to end an essay or thesis.

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

By the time you get to the final paragraph of your paper, you have already done so much work on your essay, so all you want to do is to wrap it up as quickly as possible. You’ve already made a stunning introduction, proven your argument, and structured the whole piece as supposed – who cares about making a good conclusion paragraph?

The only thing you need to remember is that the conclusion of an essay is not just the last paragraph of an academic paper where you restate your thesis and key arguments. A concluding paragraph is also your opportunity to have a final impact on your audience. 

Feeling Overwhelmed Writing Your Essay Conclusion?

Simply send us your paper requirements, choose a writer and we’ll get it done fast.

How to write a conclusion paragraph that leaves a lasting impression – In this guide, the team at EssayPro is going to walk you through the process of writing a perfect conclusion step by step. Additionally, we will share valuable tips and tricks to help students of all ages impress their readers at the last moment.

Instead of Intro: What Is a Conclusion?

Before we can move on, let’s take a moment here to define the conclusion itself. According to the standard conclusion definition, it is pretty much the last part of something, its result, or end. However, this term is rather broad and superficial.

When it comes to writing academic papers, a concluding statement refers to an opinion, judgment, suggestion, or position arrived at by logical reasoning (through the arguments provided in the body of the text). Therefore, if you are wondering “what is a good closing sentence like?” – keep on reading.

What Does a Good Conclusion Mean?

Writing a good conclusion for a paper isn’t easy. However, we are going to walk you through this process step by step. Although there are generally no strict rules on how to formulate one, there are some basic principles that everyone should keep in mind. In this section, we will share some core ideas for writing a good conclusion, and, later in the article, we will also provide you with more practical advice and examples.

Here are the core goals a good conclusion should complete:

• “Wrap up” the entire paper;
• Demonstrate to readers that the author accomplished what he/she set out to do;
• Show how you the author has proved their thesis statement;
• Give a sense of completeness and closure on the topic;
• Leave something extra for your reader to think about;
• Leave a powerful final impact on a reader.

Another key thing to remember is that you should not introduce any new ideas or arguments to your paper's conclusion. It should only sum up what you have already written, revisit your thesis statement, and end with a powerful final impression.

When considering how to write a conclusion that works, here are the key points to keep in mind:

• A concluding sentence should only revisit the thesis statement, not restate it;
• It should summarize the main ideas from the body of the paper;
• It should demonstrate the significance and relevance of your work;
• An essay’s conclusion should include a call for action and leave space for further study or development of the topic (if necessary).

How Long Should a Conclusion Be? 

Although there are no strict universal rules regarding the length of an essay’s final clause, both teachers and experienced writers recommend keeping it clear, concise, and straight to the point. There is an unspoken rule that the introduction and conclusion of an academic paper should both be about 10% of the overall paper’s volume. For example, if you were assigned a 1500 word essay, both the introductory and final clauses should be approximately 150 words long (300 together).

Why You Need to Know How to End an Essay:

A conclusion is what drives a paper to its logical end. It also drives the main points of your piece one last time. It is your last opportunity to impact and impress your audience. And, most importantly, it is your chance to demonstrate to readers why your work matters. Simply put, the final paragraph of your essay should answer the last important question a reader will have – “So what?”

If you do a concluding paragraph right, it can give your readers a sense of logical completeness. On the other hand, if you do not make it powerful enough, it can leave them hanging, and diminish the effect of the entire piece.

Strategies to Crafting a Proper Conclusion

Although there are no strict rules for what style to use to write your conclusion, there are several strategies that have been proven to be effective. In the list below, you can find some of the most effective strategies with some good conclusion paragraph examples to help you grasp the idea.

One effective way to emphasize the significance of your essay and give the audience some thought to ponder about is by taking a look into the future. The “When and If” technique is quite powerful when it comes to supporting your points in the essay’s conclusion.

Prediction essay conclusion example: “Taking care of a pet is quite hard, which is the reason why most parents refuse their children’s requests to get a pet. However, the refusal should be the last choice of parents. If we want to inculcate a deep sense of responsibility and organization in our kids, and, at the same time, sprout compassion in them, we must let our children take care of pets.”

Another effective strategy is to link your conclusion to your introductory paragraph. This will create a full-circle narration for your readers, create a better understanding of your topic, and emphasize your key point.

Echo conclusion paragraph example: Introduction: “I believe that all children should grow up with a pet. I still remember the exact day my parents brought my first puppy to our house. This was one of the happiest moments in my life and, at the same time, one of the most life-changing ones. Growing up with a pet taught me a lot, and most importantly, it taught me to be responsible.” Conclusion:. “I remember when I picked up my first puppy and how happy I was at that time. Growing up with a pet, I learned what it means to take care of someone, make sure that he always has water and food, teach him, and constantly keep an eye on my little companion. Having a child grow up with a pet teaches them responsibility and helps them acquire a variety of other life skills like leadership, love, compassion, and empathy. This is why I believe that every kid should grow up with a pet!”

Finally, one more trick that will help you create a flawless conclusion is to amplify your main idea or to present it in another perspective of a larger context. This technique will help your readers to look at the problem discussed from a different angle.

Step-up argumentative essay conclusion example: “Despite the obvious advantages of owning a pet in childhood, I feel that we cannot generalize whether all children should have a pet. Whereas some kids may benefit from such experiences, namely, by becoming more compassionate, organized, and responsible, it really depends on the situation, motivation, and enthusiasm of a particular child for owning a pet.”

What is a clincher in an essay? – The final part of an essay’s conclusion is often referred to as a clincher sentence. According to the clincher definition, it is a final sentence that reinforces the main idea or leaves the audience with an intriguing thought to ponder upon. In a nutshell, the clincher is very similar to the hook you would use in an introductory paragraph. Its core mission is to seize the audience’s attention until the end of the paper. At the same time, this statement is what creates a sense of completeness and helps the author leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Now, since you now know what a clincher is, you are probably wondering how to use one in your own paper. First of all, keep in mind that a good clincher should be intriguing, memorable, smooth, and straightforward.

Generally, there are several different tricks you can use for your clincher statement; it can be:

• A short, but memorable and attention-grabbing conclusion;
• A relevant and memorable quote (only if it brings actual value);
• A call to action;
• A rhetorical question;
• An illustrative story or provocative example;
• A warning against a possibility or suggestion about the consequences of a discussed problem;
• A joke (however, be careful with this as it may not always be deemed appropriate).

Regardless of the technique you choose, make sure that your clincher is memorable and aligns with your introduction and thesis.

Clincher examples: - While New York may not be the only place with the breathtaking views, it is definitely among my personal to 3… and that’s what definitely makes it worth visiting. - “Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars”, Divine Comedy - Don’t you think all these advantages sound like almost life-saving benefits of owning a pet? “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.”, The Great Gatsby

Conclusion Writing Don'ts 

Now, when you know what tricks and techniques you should use to create a perfect conclusion, let’s look at some of the things you should not do with our online paper writing service :

• Starting with some cliché concluding sentence starters. Many students find common phrases like “In conclusion,” “Therefore,” “In summary,” or similar statements to be pretty good conclusion starters. However, though such conclusion sentence starters may work in certain cases – for example, in speeches – they are overused, so it is recommended not to use them in writing to introduce your conclusion.
• Putting the first mention of your thesis statement in the conclusion – it has to be presented in your introduction first.
• Providing new arguments, subtopics, or ideas in the conclusion paragraph.
• Including a slightly changed or unchanged thesis statement.
• Providing arguments and evidence that belong in the body of the work.
• Writing too long, hard to read, or confusing sentences.

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Conclusion Paragraph Outline

The total number of sentences in your final paragraph may vary depending on the number of points you discussed in your essay, as well as on the overall word count of your paper. However, the overall conclusion paragraph outline will remain the same and consists of the following elements:

• A conclusion starter:

The first part of your paragraph should drive readers back to your thesis statement. Thus, if you were wondering how to start a conclusion, the best way to do it is by rephrasing your thesis statement.

• Summary of the body paragraphs:

Right after revisiting your thesis, you should include several sentences that wrap up the key highlights and points from your body paragraphs. This part of your conclusion can consist of 2-3 sentences—depending on the number of arguments you’ve made. If necessary, you can also explain to the readers how your main points fit together.

• A concluding sentence:

Finally, you should end your paragraph with a last, powerful sentence that leaves a lasting impression, gives a sense of logical completeness, and connects readers back to the introduction of the paper.

These three key elements make up a perfect essay conclusion. Now, to give you an even better idea of how to create a perfect conclusion, let us give you a sample conclusion paragraph outline with examples from an argumentative essay on the topic of “Every Child Should Own a Pet:

• Sentence 1: Starter
• ~ Thesis: "Though taking care of a pet may be a bit challenging for small children. Parents should not restrict their kids from having a pet as it helps them grow into more responsible and compassionate people."
• ~ Restated thesis for a conclusion: "I can say that taking care of a pet is good for every child."
• Sentences 2-4: Summary
• ~ "Studies have shown that pet owners generally have fewer health problems."
• ~ "Owning a pet teaches a child to be more responsible."
• ~ "Spending time with a pet reduces stress, feelings of loneliness, and anxiety."
• Sentence 5: A concluding sentence
• ~ "Pets can really change a child life for the better, so don't hesitate to endorse your kid's desire to own a pet."

This is a clear example of how you can shape your conclusion paragraph.

How to Conclude Various Types of Essays

Depending on the type of academic essay you are working on, your concluding paragraph's style, tone, and length may vary. In this part of our guide, we will tell you how to end different types of essays and other works.

How to End an Argumentative Essay

Persuasive or argumentative essays always have the single goal of convincing readers of something (an idea, stance, or viewpoint) by appealing to arguments, facts, logic, and even emotions. The conclusion for such an essay has to be persuasive as well. A good trick you can use is to illustrate a real-life scenario that proves your stance or encourages readers to take action. More about persuasive essay outline you can read in our article.

Here are a few more tips for making a perfect conclusion for an argumentative essay:

• Carefully read the whole essay before you begin;
• Re-emphasize your ideas;
• Discuss possible implications;
• Don’t be afraid to appeal to the reader’s emotions.

How to End a Compare and Contrast Essay

The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to emphasize the differences or similarities between two or more objects, people, phenomena, etc. Therefore, a logical conclusion should highlight how the reviewed objects are different or similar. Basically, in such a paper, your conclusion should recall all of the key common and distinctive features discussed in the body of your essay and also give readers some food for thought after they finish reading it.

How to Conclude a Descriptive Essay

The key idea of a descriptive essay is to showcase your creativity and writing skills by painting a vivid picture with the help of words. This is one of the most creative types of essays as it requires you to show a story, not tell it. This kind of essay implies using a lot of vivid details. Respectively, the conclusion of such a paper should also use descriptive imagery and, at the same time, sum up the main ideas. A good strategy for ending a descriptive essay would be to begin with a short explanation of why you wrote the essay. Then, you should reflect on how your topic affects you. In the middle of the conclusion, you should cover the most critical moments of the story to smoothly lead the reader into a logical closing statement. The “clincher”, in this case, should be a thought-provoking final sentence that leaves a good and lasting impression on the audience. Do not lead the reader into the essay and then leave them with dwindling memories of it.

How to Conclude an Essay About Yourself

If you find yourself writing an essay about yourself, you need to tell a personal story. As a rule, such essays talk about the author’s experiences, which is why a conclusion should create a feeling of narrative closure. A good strategy is to end your story with a logical finale and the lessons you have learned, while, at the same time, linking it to the introductory paragraph and recalling key moments from the story.

How to End an Informative Essay

Unlike other types of papers, informative or expository essays load readers with a lot of information and facts. In this case, “Synthesize, don’t summarize” is the best technique you can use to end your paper. Simply put, instead of recalling all of the major facts, you should approach your conclusion from the “So what?” position by highlighting the significance of the information provided.

How to Conclude a Narrative Essay

In a nutshell, a narrative essay is based on simple storytelling. The purpose of this paper is to share a particular story in detail. Therefore, the conclusion for such a paper should wrap up the story and avoid finishing on an abrupt cliffhanger. It is vital to include the key takeaways and the lessons learned from the story.

How to Write a Conclusion for a Lab Report

Unlike an essay, a lab report is based on an experiment. This type of paper describes the flow of a particular experiment conducted by a student and its conclusion should reflect on the outcomes of this experiment.

In thinking of how to write a conclusion for a lab, here are the key things you should do to get it right:

• Restate the goals of your experiment
• Describe the methods you used
• Include the results of the experiment and analyze the final data
• End your conclusion with a clear statement on whether or not the experiment was successful (Did you reach the expected results?)

How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

Writing a paper is probably the hardest task of all, even for experienced dissertation writer . Unlike an essay or even a lab report, a research paper is a much longer piece of work that requires a deeper investigation of the problem. Therefore, a conclusion for such a paper should be even more sophisticated and powerful. If you're feeling difficulty writing an essay, you can buy essay on our service.

However, given that a research paper is the second most popular kind of academic paper (after an essay), it is important to know how to conclude a research paper. Even if you have not yet been assigned to do this task, be sure that you will face it soon. So, here are the steps you should follow to create a great conclusion for a research paper:

• Restate the Topic

Start your final paragraph with a quick reminder of what the topic of the piece is about. Keep it one sentence long.

• Revisit the Thesis

Next, you should remind your readers what your thesis statement was. However, do not just copy and paste it from the introductory clause: paraphrase your thesis so that you deliver the same idea but with different words. Keep your paraphrased thesis narrow, specific, and topic-oriented.

• Summarise Your Key Ideas

Just like the case of a regular essay’s conclusion, a research paper’s final paragraph should also include a short summary of all of the key points stated in the body sections. We recommend reading the entire body part a few times to define all of your main arguments and ideas.

• Showcase the Significance of Your Work

In the research paper conclusion, it is vital to highlight the significance of your research problem and state how your solution could be helpful.

• Make Suggestions for Future Studies

Finally, at the end of your conclusion, you should define how your findings will contribute to the development of its particular field of science. Outline the perspectives of further research and, if necessary, explain what is yet to be discovered on the topic.

Then, end your conclusion with a powerful concluding sentence – it can be a rhetorical question, call to action, or another hook that will help you have a strong impact on the audience.

• Answer the Right Questions

To create a top-notch research paper conclusion, be sure to answer the following questions:

• What is the goal of a research paper?
• What are the possible solutions to the research question(s)?
• How can your results be implemented in real life? (Is your research paper helpful to the community?)
• Why is this study important and relevant?

Additionally, here are a few more handy tips to follow:

• Provide clear examples from real life to help readers better understand the further implementation of the stated solutions;
• Keep your conclusion fresh, original, and creative.

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So, What Is a Good Closing Sentence? See The Difference

One of the best ways to learn how to write a good conclusion is to look at several professional essay conclusion examples. In this section of our guide, we are going to look at two different final paragraphs shaped on the basis of the same template, but even so, they are very different – where one is weak and the other is strong. Below, we are going to compare them to help you understand the difference between a good and a bad conclusion.

Here is the template we used: College degrees are in decline. The price of receiving an education does not correlate with the quality of the education received. As a result, graduated students face underemployment, and the worth of college degrees appears to be in serious doubt. However, the potential social and economic benefits of educated students balance out the equation.

Strong Conclusion ‍

People either see college as an opportunity or an inconvenience; therefore, a degree can only hold as much value as its owner’s skillset. The underemployment of graduate students puts the worth of college degrees in serious doubt. Yet, with the multitude of benefits that educated students bring to society and the economy, the equation remains in balance. Perhaps the ordinary person should consider college as a wise financial investment, but only if they stay determined to study and do the hard work.

Why is this example good? There are several key points that prove its effectiveness:

• There is a bold opening statement that encompasses the two contrasting types of students we can see today.
• There are two sentences that recall the thesis statement and cover the key arguments from the body of the essay.
• Finally, the last sentence sums up the key message of the essay and leaves readers with something to think about.

Weak Conclusion

In conclusion, with the poor preparation of students in college and the subsequent underemployment after graduation from college, the worth associated with the college degree appears to be in serious doubt. However, these issues alone may not reasonably conclude beyond a doubt that investing in a college degree is a rewarding venture. When the full benefits that come with education are carefully put into consideration and evaluated, college education for children in any country still has good advantages, and society should continue to advocate for a college education. The ordinary person should consider this a wise financial decision that holds rewards in the end. Apart from the monetary gains associated with a college education, society will greatly benefit from students when they finish college. Their minds are going to be expanded, and their reasoning and decision making will be enhanced.

What makes this example bad? Here are a few points to consider:

• Unlike the first example, this paragraph is long and not specific enough. The author provides plenty of generalized phrases that are not backed up by actual arguments.
• This piece is hard to read and understand and sentences have a confusing structure. Also, there are lots of repetitions and too many uses of the word “college”.
• There is no summary of the key benefits.
• The last two sentences that highlight the value of education contradict with the initial statement.
• Finally, the last sentence doesn’t offer a strong conclusion and gives no thought to ponder upon.
• In the body of your essay, you have hopefully already provided your reader(s) with plenty of information. Therefore, it is not wise to present new arguments or ideas in your conclusion.
• To end your final paragraph right, find a clear and straightforward message that will have the most powerful impact on your audience.
• Don’t use more than one quote in the final clause of your paper – the information from external sources (including quotes) belongs in the body of a paper.
• Be authoritative when writing a conclusion. You should sound confident and convincing to leave a good impression. Sentences like “I’m not an expert, but…” will most likely make you seem less knowledgeable and/or credible.

Good Conclusion Examples

Now that we've learned what a conclusion is and how to write one let's take a look at some essay conclusion examples to strengthen our knowledge.

The ending ironically reveals that all was for nothing. (A short explanation of the thematic effect of the book’s end) Tom says that Miss Watson freed Jim in her final will.Jim told Huck that the dead man on the Island was pap. The entire adventure seemingly evaporated into nothingness. (How this effect was manifested into the minds of thereaders).

All in all, international schools hold the key to building a full future that students can achieve. (Thesis statement simplified) They help students develop their own character by learning from their mistakes, without having to face a dreadful penalty for failure. (Thesis statement elaborated)Although some say that kids emerged “spoiled” with this mentality, the results prove the contrary. (Possible counter-arguments are noted)

In conclusion, public workers should be allowed to strike since it will give them a chance to air their grievances. (Thesis statement) Public workers should be allowed to strike when their rights, safety, and regulations are compromised. The workers will get motivated when they strike, and their demands are met.

In summary, studies reveal some similarities in the nutrient contents between the organic and non-organic food substances. (Starts with similarities) However, others have revealed many considerable differences in the amounts of antioxidants as well as other minerals present in organic and non-organic foods. Generally, organic foods have higher levels of antioxidants than non-organic foods and therefore are more important in the prevention of chronic illnesses.

As time went by, my obsession grew into something bigger than art; (‘As time went by’ signals maturation) it grew into a dream of developing myself for the world. (Showing student’s interest of developing himself for the community) It is a dream of not only seeing the world from a different perspective but also changing the perspective of people who see my work. (Showing student’s determination to create moving pieces of art)

In conclusion, it is evident that technology is an integral part of our lives and without it, we become “lost” since we have increasingly become dependent on its use. (Thesis with main point)

You might also be interested in reading nursing essay examples from our service.

How To Write A Conclusion For An Essay?

How to write a good conclusion, how to write a conclusion for a college essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Related Articles

The Study Dude—Closing Clinchers for Essays

August 23, 2021

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If you are striving for an A+, a closing clincher can get you the grade.

I once wrote an essay so good that the professor asked to read it aloud to all of his related classes.  But he didn’t give me an A+ and not even an A.  Why? My final closing paragraph didn’t work well.  It rambled on and didn’t close with a clincher.

We all love recipes for success, so how about one for clinchers?

The only ingredients needed for this recipe are an imagination, computer, an opening hook, a thesis statement, and an essay in progress, preferably on the first or later full draft.

But first, we need to define a clincher.  The clincher is the final sentence in your paper.  It needs to be gripping, engaging, and provocative.  It also needs to relate directly to your thesis statement.

Here is a smorgasbord of clincher types with which to close your paper:

Predict the Future Outcome.

To create a final clincher that predicts the future, use words such as “as a result of [event], [such-and-such] has a higher probability of occurring,” “as a consequence of [action], [such-and-such] may be more likely to occur,” “with this in mind, the future may result in …”.

You can, if supported in your research, make a bolder statement, such as “Because of the [problem], [such-and-such] will inevitably lead to [greater problem].”

Challenge or Recommend an Action Based on Your Research Findings.

To end with a recommendation or challenge, use words such as “[so-and-so] could benefit by … .  As a result, the net gain would …,” “If [so-and-so] took the following action, they’d contribute to …,” or “[This benefit] would arise should [so-and-so] pursue the initiative of ….,” “[So-and-so] should [action] to help …”.

You could even say, “It would be recommended for [such-and-such action] to take place.  The benefits of this action would include …”.

When giving recommendations or challenges, should statements are invaluable.

Make a Moral Judgment About your Opening Hook.

If you open with a quote or startling fact—a hook—you could end with a moral judgment about that opener.  For instance, if your opening starts with a child cancer survivor’s quote on her recent diagnosis of a new cancer, and if your thesis explores cancer treatments globally, you might end with a clincher: “If simultaneous, multiple therapies were permitted in Western medicine, including the more obscure alternative therapy approaches globally, perhaps this child may not have suffered a second diagnosis.”

Suggest Additional Research that May Build on Your Findings or Explore an Area Missing in Your Research.

A sophisticated way to end a paper is to recommend additional research.  For this clincher, use words such as “To build on this research …,” “A future investigation of this topic could involve …,” or “To fill in a gap of this research, it is recommended to investigate….”

As an alternative, you could say, “A related topic that has not yet been studied using this model is …,” but you might want to wait for grad studies for this one, as you’ll learn more models and methods at that level of your studies.

You could also say, “A relevant and related topic that this theory could apply to is …” if you are writing a paper using, say, feminist theory or critical race theory, but the related topic should build on your thesis statement.

And those are your clinchers.  Bear in mind that your clincher needs to tie into your thesis statements.  If a clincher has nothing to do with your thesis statement, scrap the clincher and start anew.  A great opening hook, catchy clincher, and error-free essay can bolster a grade to mind-boggling status.

But how do you craft a solid thesis statement? That’s another page in the Cookbook.

Related Articles

The Cookbook Continues—Opening Hooks for Essays

August 12, 2021

The Study Dude—A Cookbook on How to Write an Essay

August 5, 2021

A Cookbook on Writing an Essay—The Post-Research Writing Phase

July 30, 2021

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Clincher Sentence

Ai generator.

A clincher sentence is the finishing touch your writing needs to be unforgettable. Want to leave your reader awestruck? We’ve got you covered. In this guide, you’ll discover what a clincher sentence is, how to craft one, and see top-notch sentence examples that demonstrate its impact. Elevate your writing game by mastering the art of the clincher sentence today!

What is the Clincher Sentence? – Definition

A clincher sentence is the final sentence in a paragraph or piece that wraps up its main point, providing a sense of closure and completion. Essentially, it’s the “mic drop” moment in your writing that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

What is the best Example of a Clincher Sentence?

The best example of a clincher sentence would be: “In the end, it wasn’t just a game—it was the defining moment that changed my life forever.” This sentence neatly sums up the paragraph’s or essay’s main idea, while also offering a poignant insight that resonates with the reader, making it memorable.

Clincher Sentence Examples

• “Ultimately, the choices we make shape our future; choose wisely and carve a path toward success.”
• “Remember, every end is just a new beginning waiting to unveil its secrets.”
• “Embrace the beauty of uncertainty, for it’s the birthplace of all our discoveries.”
• “If today was tough, make tomorrow better by learning something new today.”
• “True courage is found in the quiet moments of reflection and the bold decisions that follow.”
• “In life’s symphony, your actions are the notes that create the music of your legacy.”
• “As the sun sets, it promises the dawn of new opportunities and fresh starts.”
• “Stand firm in your beliefs, for they anchor you amidst life’s tumultuous seas.”
• “Every challenge you face today adds a layer of strength to your tomorrow.”
• “Let your dreams be bigger than your fears and your actions louder than your words.”

100 Clincher Sentence Usage Examples

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Clincher sentences are the linchpins of effective writing. They leave your reader with a compelling last impression and are vital for any well-crafted paragraph or essay. Don’t underestimate the power of a well-placed clincher sentence to elevate your writing. To help you become a clincher sentence connoisseur, here are 100 unique and thought-provoking examples you can use as inspiration.

• In conclusion, perseverance is the key to success.
• When all is said and done, family matters most.
• As a result, the company’s profits soared.
• At last, the mystery was finally solved.
• So, what are you waiting for?
• Clearly, the evidence is irrefutable.
• Undoubtedly, this is a turning point.
• Remarkably, she overcame all odds.
• Therefore, we should proceed with caution.
• To sum up, the choice is yours.
• In the grand scheme of things, life is short.
• So there you have it, a solution to the problem.
• Consequently, our actions define us.
• Nonetheless, the journey was unforgettable.
• And that, my friends, is the essence of courage.
• Ultimately, love conquers all.
• Naturally, the project was a resounding success.
• In retrospect, it was a blessing in disguise.
• After all, isn’t that what life is all about?
• All in all, it was a win-win situation.
• In reality, change is inevitable.
• Surprisingly, he turned out to be the hero.
• Therefore, let us embrace the challenges.
• Indeed, it was a night to remember.
• Above all, never lose faith.
• Incidentally, that was her best performance.
• Truth be told, honesty pays.
• Hence, we should be mindful of our actions.
• Without a doubt, it was an epic adventure.
• Admittedly, the task was daunting.
• On the whole, it was a fruitful endeavor.
• Even so, it was a remarkable achievement.
• To put it simply, the impact was profound.
• Nevertheless, she remained optimistic.
• In essence, the legacy lives on.
• Obviously, the outcome was favorable.
• Fortunately, we found common ground.
• To clarify, the objective was met.
• For this reason, teamwork is essential.
• So, take the leap of faith.
• Yet, the memories linger.
• Regrettably, opportunities were missed.
• Granted, the situation was complex.
• Specifically, the results were outstanding.
• Given these points, we should reconsider.
• And so, the legend was born.
• Now, the focus shifts to the future.
• As a matter of fact, timing is crucial.
• In a nutshell, the benefits are numerous.
• To conclude, the experience was enriching.
• Conversely, the risks were minimal.
• Then again, it’s never too late.
• Likewise, he was a natural leader.
• By and large, the campaign was effective.
• Thus, the circle is complete.
• Alas, the secret was revealed.
• Actually, it was worth the effort.
• In summary, don’t underestimate your potential.
• To elaborate, preparation is key.
• Largely, the initiative was welcomed.
• Coincidentally, the timing was perfect.
• Afterward, a sense of relief washed over me.
• Ironically, the villain was the savior.
• Evidently, the strategy worked.
• Especially, the climax was unexpected.
• Ordinarily, I wouldn’t consider it.
• To reiterate, your voice matters.
• Finally, we reached a consensus.
• Importantly, don’t forget to be kind.
• Surely, you can see the logic.
• However, the final say is yours.
• Generally speaking, the event was a hit.
• Again, consistency is key.
• As it turned out, the trip was worthwhile.
• Notably, her courage stood out.
• For instance, the impact was immediate.
• On the contrary, the loss was a lesson.
• Besides, you have nothing to lose.
• Alternatively, consider the other options.
• Unquestionably, this marks a new beginning.
• Simultaneously, two worlds collided.
• All things considered, it was a success.
• Intrinsically, the value is immeasurable.
• Chiefly, the focus is on quality.
• Under those circumstances, it was the best choice.
• And so, the mystery deepens.
• Significantly, the goal was achieved.
• Precisely, that is the point.
• Occasionally, miracles do happen.
• Analogously, the comparison holds.
• Furthermore, seize the day.
• Relatively, it was a minor issue.
• Practically, it was a no-brainer.
• Following this, we must adapt.
• Oftentimes, simplicity is beauty.
• Sensibly, precautions were taken.
• Apart from this, focus on the positives.
• Explicitly, the rules were stated.
• Lastly, cherish the moments.
• In finality, this is our mission.

Feel free to use these examples as a resource or inspiration for crafting your own clincher sentences that will leave a lasting impression on your readers.

Clincher Sentence Starter Examples

Clincher sentence starters serve as a dynamic tool to make your conclusions more impactful. These sentence beginnings set the stage for a memorable closing statement. They’re essential for essay writing, speeches, or any piece of content that aims for strong reader engagement. Below are 10 examples of distinct clincher sentence starters.

• In the final analysis, we should…
• All things considered, it’s evident that…
• To sum up, the evidence clearly states…
• Ultimately, this leads us to conclude that…
• With this in mind, we can affirm that…
• In conclusion, it’s imperative to note that…
• As we’ve seen, it’s undeniable that…
• To reiterate, let’s not forget that…
• In essence, it all boils down to…
• Lastly, let’s remember that…

Clincher Sentence Topic Examples

Clincher sentences are also versatile and can be tailored to suit various topics. Whether you’re covering technology, environment, education, or psychology, a strong clincher will amplify your message. Get your reader to sit up and take notice with these 10 topic-specific clincher sentence examples.

• Given the climate crisis, sustainable living is non-negotiable.
• Therefore, online education is the future of learning.
• As demonstrated, mental health is just as important as physical health.
• In the realm of politics, your vote can indeed make a difference.
• When it comes to relationships, communication is key.
• On the technology front, data privacy should be everyone’s concern.
• Considering economics, investment in renewable energy is a must.
• In matters of social justice, silence is complicity.
• Relating to workplace dynamics, a good leader listens first and acts second.
• In terms of personal growth, never stop learning.

Each of these examples is designed to offer a strong, definitive statement on its respective topic. Utilize them to create engaging and thought-provoking endings to your discussions.

What is a Clincher Statement?

A clincher statement is the final sentence or set of sentences in a paragraph, essay, report, or speech that reinforces the main idea and brings closure to the text. It serves to summarize the key points discussed and leaves the reader with something to ponder. A well-crafted clincher statement can effectively seal the message and make your writing memorable. Often, clincher statements can call the audience to action, provoke thought, or create a lasting impression.

What are Some Clincher Words?

Clincher words are specific terms or phrases commonly used to initiate clincher statements. These words signal to the reader that the text is drawing to a close, while emphasizing the essence of the discussion. Here are some clincher words commonly used:

• In Summary : Used to encapsulate the main points.
• Therefore : Implies a logical conclusion from the preceding information.
• Hence : Similar to “therefore,” but often used to imply a more direct cause-and-effect relationship.
• Finally : Indicates that the last and often most critical point is being made.
• In Conclusion : Explicitly tells the reader that the end of the text has arrived.
• Ultimately : Suggests the end result or final point in a chain of reasoning.
• To Sum Up : Used to give a brief recap.
• After all : Indicates a summary and emphasizes that all points have been considered.
• All in All : Suggests a comprehensive summary has been provided.
• Thus : Implies a wrapping-up of stated facts or observations.

What is a Clincher in a Speech Example?

In a speech, a clincher serves the same fundamental purpose as in written text—to sum up the message and leave a lasting impression. The difference lies in the oral delivery and the immediate audience engagement. Here’s an example of a clincher in a speech about climate change:

“Let’s not wait for the headlines to scream crisis; by then, it will be too late. As stewards of this Earth, it’s our collective responsibility to act now. The future of our planet depends on the choices we make today. Remember, we don’t have a Planet B.”

In this example, the speaker rounds off the discussion on climate change by emphasizing the urgency of the situation and calls the audience to action. The clincher also leaves the audience with something to ponder about—our shared responsibility for Earth’s future.

Clinchers are not mere summaries; they are your final shot at impressing your message upon your audience. A strong clincher will not only close your speech but also make it more impactful and memorable.

What are the Three Types of Clincher Sentences?

Clincher sentences can generally be categorized into three distinct types, each serving its own purpose:

• Summary Clinchers : These clinchers restate the main points of your article or speech in a fresh way. They’re best suited for informational texts and serve to remind the audience of the essential aspects covered.
• Call-to-Action Clinchers : These are designed to prompt an immediate reaction from the audience. They are often used in persuasive speeches or promotional materials, guiding the reader towards the next step, such as purchasing a product or engaging in social activism.
• Thought-Provoking Clinchers : These types aim to make the audience ponder the subject even after they’ve finished reading or listening. Usually formulated as rhetorical questions, quotes, or future projections, they aim to continue the conversation in the minds of the audience.

What is the Purpose of a Clincher Sentence?

The purpose of a clincher sentence is multi-faceted. Firstly, it provides closure to your text or speech, rounding off the discussion neatly. Secondly, it amplifies the main idea, enhancing its impact and making it memorable. Lastly, depending on the type of clincher used, it can also drive action or provoke thought, thus extending the influence of your message beyond the immediate reading or listening experience.

How do you Write Clincher Sentences? – Step by Step Guide

• Identify the Main Idea : Your clincher should reflect the core message of your text or speech. Make sure you know what that is before you start writing the clincher.
• Select the Type : Decide whether you want your clincher to summarize, prompt action, or provoke thought.
• Draft the Statement : Write a preliminary version. Aim for brevity but also for impact. Make every word count.
• Review and Revise : Consider if the draft aligns with the main idea and whether it’s impactful. Edit for clarity, coherence, and concision.
• Add a Clincher Word : Employ a clincher word or phrase as a signpost to indicate that this is the concluding statement.
• Test for Effect : Read your clincher in the context of the entire text or speech to ensure it fits seamlessly and amplifies your core message.

Tips for Using Clincher Sentences

• Be Consistent : Ensure that your clincher aligns with the overall tone and theme of your text or speech.
• Avoid New Information : The clincher is not the place to introduce new points or arguments. Stick to what’s been covered.
• Be Emotional : A touch of emotion can add a layer of relatability and make your clincher more memorable.
• Use Repetition Wisely : A little repetition of key terms or phrases can make your clincher more impactful but use this technique sparingly.
• Seek Feedback : Don’t hesitate to ask for opinions on your clincher. Sometimes, what seems clear to you may not be for others.
• Practice Makes Perfect : The more you practice writing clinchers, the more naturally they will come to you. Each one is an opportunity to perfect your craft.

Clincher sentences are an essential tool for wrapping up your text or speech in a way that leaves a lasting impression. By understanding their types, purposes, and construction methods, you can significantly enhance the impact of your communication.

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How to Write a Clincher Sentence That’ll Blow Your Readers Mind

The ability to write a powerful clincher sentence is essential for ALL types of writing (not just academic). It’s what separates mediocre writers from those who actually impact the lives of their readers.

But what exactly is a clincher sentence?

Well, it’s basically a closing sentence that sums up your main message with a BANG.

Most of what you read each day doesn’t make much of an impression on you. It doesn’t “stick”. You finish reading, move onto the next thing, and forget what you read 10 seconds later.

That’s because most of what you read doesn’t end with a clincher sentence.

A good clincher makes you think “Aww snap! Let me reflect on this for a sec.”  

Think of clincher sentences as a "Mic Drop Moment."

How to write a “mic drop” clincher sentence :.

There’s no one magic formula for writing a clincher sentence, but there are a handful of technique that tend to work well.

First let’s look at some of the 10 most effective techniques. Then we’ll move on to some examples.

The Quote - If you’re at a loss for words, try leaving the reader with a short inspirational quote that drives your message home.

The Twist - End with a takeaway the reader was not expecting.

The Takeaway - Close your message with a straightforward conclusion.

The Action - Psyche up your audience to take a specific action.

The Reflection Question - Sometimes the action is obvious. What the reader needs is motivation to act. A great way to do this is to end with a simple question that makes the reader reflect on their life (as it relates to your message).

The Takeaway + Action - A one-two punch combining the previous two techniques. Start by highlighting your key takeaway. Then finish her off by showing how it can be applied to the reader’s life.

The Analogy - Rehash your main points in your final paragraph. Then end it with an analogy that cements your message into their mind.

The Reminder - Remind the reader of something important regarding your message (e.g. a benefit, warning, tip, fact, argument, etc).

The Full-Circle - Repeat a key phrase (or emotional moment) used earlier in message. This might mean copying a memorable phrase word-for-word or simply referring back to a meaningful story you told earlier in the message.

The Golden Nugget - Leave the reader with a profound piece of wisdom that reinforces your message.

The Goosebump Giver - These types of clincher sentences are used a lot in movies and songs. Unlike the other techniques, goosebump givers don’t necessarily reinforce a takeaway or provoke action. Instead, they aim straight for the heart strings, creating a strong emotional reaction you won’t forget.  

Tips for writing a powerful clincher sentence :

• Keep it short and simple
• Don’t introduce new information
• Imagine your audience’s emotions and mirror them
• You want your audience to either strongly agree or fiercely disagree—lukewarm clinchers don’t get remembered
• State you point with authority. Don’t be a wimp.
• The more emotions you trigger, the better
• The more thought-provoking, the better
• The bigger the mic drop, the better

Clincher sentence examples (and other mic drop inspiration) :

Writing a clincher sentence from scratch can be tough.

So instead of inventing one out of thin air, let’s make life easier and take a shortcut.

Movies are one of the best sources for clincher sentence inspiration. By examining memorable movie quotes, we can dissect why a phrase was so memorable and then apply it to writing clincher sentences.

If you pay close attention, you’ll be surprised by how much clincher material is sprinkled throughout your favorite movies.

Sometimes it’ll be word-for-word, other times it’s simply a mic-drop-worthy idea.

Here are a few to get you started...  

The Takeaway (King Kong) :

An impactful clincher that sums up what happened in the movie in one concise phrase.  

The Full Circle (Avengers Endgame) :

For all you Avengers fans out there. This is the perfect example of the “Full Circle” strategy. The movie begins and ends with the same emotional phrase (while simultaneously tugging at the heartstrings).  

The Twist :

Here’s a classic twist example. Just like in the movies, a key to writing an effective twist clincher is to sprinkle subtle clues throughout your writing.  

The Goosebump Giver (The Lion King) :

No explanation needed. *wipes away tear*  

The Quote (The Godfather) :

Movies are full of popular quotes you can use as powerful clincher sentences. For example, this quote would be a perfect way to end an article on why small business owners should pay attention to what their competitors are doing.  

The Analogy (The Karate Kid) :

Here’s a clincher sentence example that isn’t actually used as a clincher in the movie itself. However, it’s so well known, that if you used it as an analogy to end your message, everyone would understand.

Movies aren’t the only place to find inspiration. Whenever you read a good blog post, pay close attention to how it ends. This is a great way to generate new clincher sentence ideas.

Here are some clincher sentence examples from blog posts.

There’s no need to overcomplicate clincher sentences. Remember, the main purpose is to make an impact on the reader so they continue thinking about your post. Sometimes simple trumps fancy.

For example, in this post on how to become a copywriter , Neville makes it painfully obvious what the reader should do.

Clever? No. Effective? Yes.

The Takeaway + Action

Here’s an example from my blog, Project Untethered. After writing a ginormous post that lists 100+ ways to make money while traveling , I didn’t just leave them hanging. No, I summed up my key takeaway and spurred them into action.

The Reminder

In this post about writing real estate listings , Neville uses a powerful Reminder clincher by simply turning it into a formula. This is an easy-peasy way to burn a message into the mind of your readers.

The Golden Nugget

A golden nugget doesn’t necessarily have to be some eloquent Buddhist mantra. It can anything that alters the reader’s perspective or “opens their mind”.

The Reflection Question

In this article on how to write faster , the call to action is crystal clear. But to make the conclusion even stronger, a simple clincher question was added.

Now, instead of just clicking over to the next article, the reader will take a second to reflect on how taking action could improve their life.

----- See how easy writing a clincher sentence can be?

Yes, you could spend hours writing your own clincher sentence from scratch.

But why make it more difficult than it needs to be?

With all the inspiration out there, there’s no need to reinvent the wheel.

You worked hard putting together a piece of killer content—your gift to the world. 

Don’t forget to wrap it up and stick on the bowtie.

Hope this helps! Sincerely, Mitch Glass

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Free Conclusion Generator Online

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If you are working on an environmental essay, it will be useful to provide a call to action in your final part. Our conclusion sentence generator will always examine the source and see what kind of conclusion is most efficient. You can apply additional editing to make things perfect. This is what helps you to analyze things by saving your time since there are already closing paragraph sentences available.

Remember that your conclusion should reflect the main idea and make it even more accessible. Our conclusion sentence maker is flexible and will provide you with suggestions that you may either approve or ignore.

Every conclusion should be unique and it's essential to avoid plagiarism as you write even if you only repeat what has already been mentioned in your sources.

As you might know, there should be no new ideas because if it has not been mentioned in your paper, they should not be there. This is exactly where our concluding paragraph generator will help you to achieve success. It uses paraphrasing based only on what you already have, thus eliminating the risks. When you are working on a complex paper and the use of words that you already have is overly challenging, the use of our free solution will help you to adjust and improve the readability. Even if you are feeling stuck and do not know how to continue, you can paste anything up to 200 words to see the results and find some inspiration. Give it a good try, summarize things until the perfect rating, and never have to worry about plagiarism or the lack of readability again!

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Understanding Topic-Clincher Sentences with Unit 4

• Teacher 101

IEW teaches students to write with structure and with style. Style includes vocabulary. Structure is the elements found in compositions. Throughout the year, students progress through nine structural units.

After building a strong foundation with Units 1 and 2 and retelling narrative stories by using the Story Sequence Chart with Unit 3 , students advance to Unit 4. In this unit students write reports by summarizing a reference. When students write a short report, most often they turn to an encyclopedia, internet article, or a textbook for information. These sources typically have much more information than students need. Mr. Pudewa teaches students to “SOME-a-rize,” meaning students will include some facts from the source text but not every fact.

Instead of writing key words from every sentence, students form the KWO by taking key words from interesting and important facts found in a source text. Instructors and students start with a short source text included in all the theme-based writing lessons and video courses . Every Unit 4 writing assignment begins with a subject. The subject is the thing that is researched—the thing the assignment is about. A subject of a paper may be a person, place, event, animal, or issue. Each paragraph within the assignment is about a specific topic. The topic is the division of the thing that is researched—a thing within the subject.

If the subject (assignment) is farm, the possible topics (paragraphs) may be animals, garden, barn, layout, location, etc. If the subject is dogs (assignment), the possible topics (paragraphs) may be characteristics, senses, behavior, lifespan, breeds, play, domestication, etc. If the subject is Benjamin Franklin (assignment), the possible topics (paragraphs) may be childhood, family, inventions, almanac, Revolutionary War, etc.

When students are writing a report, facts must be organized into paragraphs. Initially younger students will be assigned one topic, which means they will write only one paragraph. As students grow in their writing abilities, they will write several paragraphs about multiple topics related to a single subject. Each paragraph will begin with a topic sentence, contain facts, and end with a clincher sentence.

Topic Sentence

The topic sentence tells what the paragraph is about. Key words are placed on the topic line. For a one-paragraph report, students write the topic word and one more word related to the topic. If the paragraph is about the usefulness of a hammer, the key words on the topic line may be hammer, useful . Every fact on the outline and every sentence in the paragraph then supports or proves the topic: how a hammer is useful.

When writing multi-paragraph compositions, follow the topic line pattern: subject, topic , one more word about the topic . If the assignment is about a horse, the key words on the topic line of the KWO for the first paragraph may be horse, care, imperative . Every fact on the outline and every sentence in the paragraph then supports or proves the topic: the care of a horse is imperative. The key words on the topic line of the KWO for the second paragraph may be horse, training, consistent . Every fact on the outline and sentence in the paragraph then supports or proves the topic: the training of a horse must be consistent. The three key words on the topic line determine the facts that students search for during the research process.

Facts are written on the other lines of the KWO. Instructors begin by reading the source text with the students and discussing the subject and topics. Encourage students to find interesting or important facts related to the topic. Students transfer those words to the KWO. The rules for writing the KWO remain: write 2-3 key words on each line and use symbols, numbers, and abbreviations when applicable.

Clincher Sentence

The clincher sentence reminds the reader what the paragraph is about. For this reason, it is the last sentence of the paragraph. The KWO ends with the word clincher . Students do not place key words on the clincher line. Instead, when they write their rough drafts, they repeat (same word) or reflect (synonym of the word) two or three key words from the topic line.

After students write their KWO, they should test it. To test a KWO, students put the source text away and use only their notes. If a note is unclear, students should check the source text and fix the KWO. After testing the KWO, students are ready to write a paragraph.

This sample paragraph is from Discoveries in Writing .

Provide plenty of practice for your students to master writing a strong, cohesive paragraph. Mastering the topic-clincher rule and ensuring that every sentence in the paragraph supports and illustrates the topic are foundational skills that students will use for the rest of their academic courses throughout high school, college, and beyond. If students can write one solid paragraph, they will be able to build paragraph upon paragraph into reports and essays of any length.

by Sabrina Cardinale

Concluding Sentence Generator

We perfectly understand how difficult it can be to write the concluding words for an essay. You might feel like you have said everything that could be said, and you want to be done already. Our experts want to help you accomplish your task. Using our concluding sentence generator will save you a ton of time and effort. Merely insert your text into the given window and press the button!

If you want to practice writing conclusions yourself, then it is essential that you read our article. Here, we have outlined the most vital elements of working with final paragraphs. We have explained what they should contain and what to avoid.

✔️ A Concluding Paragraph: 5 Rules to Follow

For every original work, you need to come up with a unique ending. Yet, there are several general rules that you should apply when writing them. Our concluding paragraph generator will help you start the process, but you still need to learn how to craft your paper’s last segment.

To ensure your essay conclusion is well-presented, follow these rules:

• First of all, you should connect your conclusion to your introduction . Restate your thesis from the beginning in just a sentence. It should come out concise and easy to understand, even if the reader didn’t dive into the body paragraphs.
• Do not repeat the findings word to word but provide a synthesis of arguments . Show how your ideas offer the answer to the research problem you have raised in the introduction. You can have a reasonable amount of repetitions. Don’t be afraid to use keywords everywhere they fit as they serve as “topic threads” throughout your paper.
• Most importantly, explain the significance of your findings . The last paragraph is the perfect place to address why your arguments and results are crucial. Keep in mind that a conclusion only takes 5% of the paper’s length. Thus, emphasize the main points and ideas shortly, without exploring the details.
• To show the quality of your work, indicate future opportunities . In your conclusion, highlight why you think further research is needed. It will also serve as evidence that you understand the issue entirely. Your readers will appreciate this bridge between the current and subsequent studies. For instance, you can do it by showing “the gap” in your research. Or you can situate it in a different context or culture.
• Last but not least, use clear and straightforward language . The last sentence can create an impactful impression on your reader. So, make sure to use expressive language when creating it.

❗ Things to Avoid in a Concluding Statement

A lot has been written about what goes into the essay. Sometimes it is better to know what to avoid, thus eliminating conflicting tips. In this section, we have enumerated students’ most common mistakes when writing their conclusions.

To successfully write a conclusion paragraph, AVOID…

• Sounding like a cliché. Starting your conclusion with phrases like “in conclusion” and “in summary” is not the best idea. They do sound a bit too cliche. Aim to find a transition so that the final paragraph starts naturally. Try to bring your paper to another level by making your conclusion stand out.
• Including any new information. Avoid bringing new ideas, quotes, and arguments in your concluding paragraph. Additionally, make sure to write it in your own words. You can’t repeat the phrasing of anything previously said.
• Repeating yourself over and over. Simply repeating previous parts of your paper will make the conclusion look dull. The better strategy is rewriting the arguments . Tell how all your points are interconnected and relate to the thesis.
• Being too vague. Do not end your conclusion with statements that are too ambiguous. Take this paragraph as an opportunity to strengthen your paper. Thus, don’t waste your time on generic phrases that add nothing of value.
• Writing at the last minute. Do not leave the summary to the last second. Even if you are unsure how to approach it, write your thoughts down anyway. It is easier to work with the draft rather than with nothing. You can also create bullet points about what you want to discuss on a separate paper.

Thank you for your attention! Maybe, our concluding statement generator isn’t what you were looking for. If that's the case, you should peruse our free online summary generator tool . It will create a short synopsis of any text!

Updated: Apr 5th, 2024

🔗 References

• Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: the Conclusion – Research Guides at University of Southern California
• Six Things to AVOID in Your Conclusion – David J. Klooster Center for Excellence in Writing, Hope College
• Academic Writing: “In Conclusion”...How Not to End Your Paper – SFU Library, Simon Fraser University

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The Donald Trump I Saw on The Apprentice

For 20 years, i couldn’t say what i watched the former president do on the set of the show that changed everything. now i can..

On Jan. 8, 2004, just more than 20 years ago, the first episode of The Apprentice aired. It was called “Meet the Billionaire,” and 18 million people watched. The episodes that followed climbed to roughly 20 million each week. A staggering 28 million viewers tuned in to watch the first season finale. The series won an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program, and the Television Critics Association called it one of the best TV shows of the year, alongside The Sopranos and Arrested Development . The series—alongside its bawdy sibling, The Celebrity Apprentice —appeared on NBC in coveted prime-time slots for more than a decade.

The Apprentice was an instant success in another way too. It elevated Donald J. Trump from sleazy New York tabloid hustler to respectable household name. In the show, he appeared to demonstrate impeccable business instincts and unparalleled wealth, even though his businesses had barely survived multiple bankruptcies and faced yet another when he was cast. By carefully misleading viewers about Trump—his wealth, his stature, his character, and his intent—the competition reality show set about an American fraud that would balloon beyond its creators’ wildest imaginations.

I should know. I was one of four producers involved in the first two seasons. During that time, I signed an expansive nondisclosure agreement that promised a fine of $5 million and even jail time if I were to ever divulge what actually happened. It expired this year.

No one involved in The Apprentice —from the production company or the network, to the cast and crew—was involved in a con with malicious intent. It was a TV show , and it was made for entertainment . I still believe that. But we played fast and loose with the facts, particularly regarding Trump, and if you were one of the 28 million who tuned in, chances are you were conned.

As Trump answers for another of his alleged deception schemes in New York and gears up to try to persuade Americans to elect him again, in part thanks to the myth we created, I can finally tell you what making Trump into what he is today looked like from my side. Most days were revealing. Some still haunt me, two decades later.

Nearly everything I ever learned about deception I learned from my friend Apollo Robbins. He’s been called a professional pickpocket, but he’s actually a “perceptions expert.” Apollo has spent his life studying the psychology of how we distort other people’s perceptions of reality and has done so by picking pockets onstage for the entertainment of others. He is a master of deception, a skill that made him, back in the day, the so-called best-kept secret in Las Vegas. After “fanning” his marks with casual, unobtrusive touch designed to make them feel safe or at ease, Apollo determines where the items reside—the wallet inside a breast pocket, the Rolex fastened to a wrist—and he removes these items without detection. He’ll even tell you what he intends to steal before he does it. He does this not to hurt people or bewilder them with a puzzle but to challenge their maps of reality. The results are marvelous. A lot of magic is designed to appeal to people visually, but what he’s trying to affect is your mind, your moods, your perceptions.

As a producer working in unscripted, or “reality,” television, I have the same goal. Like Apollo, I want to entertain, make people joyful, maybe even challenge their ways of thinking. But because I often lack the cinematic power of a movie, with its visual pyrotechnics or rehearsed dialogue, I rely on shaping the perceptions of viewers, manipulating their maps of reality toward something I want them to think or feel.

The presumption is that reality TV is scripted. What actually happens is the illusion of reality by staging situations against an authentic backdrop. The more authentic it is to, say, have a 40-foot wave bearing down on a crab boat in the Bering Sea for Deadliest Catch , the more we can trick you into thinking a malevolent Russian trawler is out there messing with the crabber’s bait. There is a trick to it, and when it works, you feel as if you’re watching a scripted show. Although very few programs are out-and-out fake, there is deception at play in every single reality program. The producers and editors are ostensibly con artists, distracting you with grand notions while we steal from you your precious time.

But the real con that drove The Apprentice is far older than television. The “pig in the poke” comes from an idiom dating to 1555: “I’ll never buy a pig in a poke / There’s many a foul pig in a fair cloak.” It refers to the time-honored scam of selling a suckling pig at market but handing over a bag (the poke) to the purchaser, who never looks inside it. Eventually, he discovers he’s purchased something quite different.

Our show became a 21 st -century version. It’s a long con played out over a decade of watching Trump dominate prime time by shouting orders, appearing to lead, and confidently firing some of the most capable people on television, all before awarding one eligible person a job. Audiences responded to Trump’s arrogance, his perceived abilities and prescience, but mostly his confidence . The centerpiece to any confidence game is precisely that— confidence .

As I walk into my interview for The Apprentice , I inadvertently learn how important it is for every one of us involved to demonstrate confidence above all else.

I sit down with Jay Bienstock, the showrunner, who has one last producer position to fill and needs somebody capable and hardworking. His office is sparse, and the desk is strategically placed directly across from the couch, with a noticeable angle downward from his desk to whomever is seated across from him. (I’m recalling all of the quoted conversations here to the best of my ability; they are not verbatim.)

He is smiling and even laughing throughout the interview, but from the steep angle at which he gazes down on me, there is no mistaking who is in charge. He seems to like what he hears and offers to follow up with my agent. “But I have to check your references before I can hire you,” he says. “You’d be crazy not to,” I reply. He laughs, claps his hands together, and grins. “ THAT’S what I’m talking about,” he says. “That’s the confidence this show needs!”

I sit there, several inches below eyeline, and ponder what just happened. What, I wonder, is so “confident” about suggesting he’d be crazy to not check my references? Then it dawns on me. He thinks I meant “You’d be crazy not to hire me.” The signal to noise begins.

Listen to Bill Pruitt discuss this story on What Next , Slate’s daily news podcast:

Before I leave, I have to ask: Why Trump? Bienstock discovers that we both lived in New York for a time. Knowing what we know about Trump, selling the idea that intelligent people would compete to land a job working for him will be a challenge.

“The idea is to have a new and different billionaire every season—just like there’s a new and different island on Survivor . We reached out to Spielberg, Katzenberg, Geffen, among others,” he says. “Trump is the only one who agreed to sign on.” (Bienstock didn’t respond to a request for comment.)

“We’ll make it work,” Bienstock says confidently. I rise, shake his hand, and leave, and head over to Dutton’s bookstore to pick up a used copy of Trump’s The Art of the Deal . It is filled with takeaways about branding and strategizing but conveniently omits Trump bluffing his way through meetings with contractors, stiffing them when it is convenient to do so, and betraying his most trusted colleagues to get what he wants. (The book’s ghostwriter, Tony Schwartz, has since tried to get the bestseller recategorized in the Library of Congress as a work of fiction.)

Another show of confidence is the budget the series commands. It’s not as expensive as a scripted series, but for a reality show, the price is high. Never have I worked on a series with this level of funding, but the cost is justified. This needs to feel real.

New York City is the perfect—though expensive—backdrop. Trump’s actual offices are, however, less than telegenic. They are cramped, and a lot of the wood furniture is chipped or peeling. None of it is suitable to appear on camera. We need what grifters call the Big Store: a fake but authentic-looking establishment in which the con goes down. Trump Tower, at the time, is mostly condos and some offices situated in the high-rise. The mezzanine comprises vacant and overpriced retail space, all of it unfinished. Trump offers the space to the production—at a premium, naturally—and it is inside this location that we create our own “reception area” with doors leading to a fake, dimly lit, and appropriately ominous-feeling “boardroom.”

Next door, there’s the “suite” where the contestants will live, which is made to look like a trendy loft-style apartment they all share. The lodgings are made up of partitions surrounding tiny, hard bunks upon which the candidates sleep; the illusion comes from elegantly appointed common areas, where most of the interplay will go down.

During a tour of the set, I have my first encounter with Trump. I leave the suite and enter the gear room, the only vacant retail space that will remain unfinished. It is filled with equipment and crew members milling about. In walks a trio of men. In the middle is Trump, in a navy blue suit and scarlet tie. He’s surprisingly tall, and not just because of the hair. He is flanked by two even taller men. Bienstock makes introductions, and I watch as Trump shakes hands with everyone. I’d been told he would never do this, something about fearing unwanted germs. When it is my turn, I decide on the convivial two-hander and place my right hand into his and my left onto his wrist as we shake. His eye contact is limited but thorough. He is sizing me up. He looks like a wolf about to rip my throat out before turning away, offering me my first glimpse at the superstructure—his hairstyle—buttressed atop his head with what must be gallons of Aqua Net.

I watch as Trump saunters around the room, snatches up a fistful of M&Ms from the craft service table set aside for the crew, and shoves them into his mouth. Then he is gone, ushered away toward some important meeting he must attend, as if to say, to one and all present, This is unimportant .

Eventually, it’s time to roll cameras. When Trump is called to perform, we are filming the first scene of the first episode on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, and he is about to deliver the first task. Filming inside this beacon of capitalism and wealth gives the series the legitimacy it needs. A con artist would call staging the scam inside a legitimate institution “playing a man against the wall.”

From the balcony overlooking the famed trading room floor, Trump will set up the entire premise of the show on camera and engage in a little banter with the other participants. This includes introducing his advisers, George Ross, an older, grouchy attorney devoted to Trump’s legal affairs, and Carolyn Kepcher, a perpetual skeptic who runs his hospitality units and one of his golf clubs. (They might be called “the shills,” others in on the con who will act as Trump’s eyes and ears.)

The contestants are there, lined up and zeroed in on by camera operators getting reaction shots to whatever it is Trump says. Although they mostly just stand and wait, they patiently go along with the proceedings. They are not in on the con. They act as “the little blind mice,” who, in fraudster terms, convey a sense of authenticity by reacting to the goings-on, like lab rats caught in a maze.

Nothing is scripted—except for what Trump needs to say. Cue cards are present, but mostly it is Bienstock running up, coaching Trump, tossing out suggestions from the script he has written for the man. The feeling is that while doing a fair job of repeating the necessary words verbatim, Trump also appears to be inadvertently shouting at the contestants. His hands shuttle back and forth as if holding an invisible accordion, a gesture now famous in memes .

Each episode is filmed over three days. For the first episode, the two teams of contestants, divided by gender, take to the streets to carry out the initial task of trying to sell lemonade for the most money. The women pulverize the men.

Having won, the women are invited upstairs for a direct look at Trump’s very own apartment in Trump Tower, a reward designed specifically to introduce viewers to the gaudy but elevated world of Donald Trump at home. The men, who lost, go back to the loft to await their fate at the hands of Trump. He will be sending one of them home.

Inside the now-empty boardroom set, a meeting with the producers is called for the first briefing of Trump before the anticipated firing. With Trump are his cronies, Ross and Kepcher. Trump is “too busy,” so they have each observed both teams in the field and make an assessment of who prevailed and who fell behind.

Now, this is important. The Apprentice is a game show regulated by the Federal Communications Commission. In the 1950s, scandals arose when producers of quiz shows fed answers to likable, ratings-generating contestants while withholding those answers from unlikable but truly knowledgeable players. Any of us involved in The Apprentice swinging the outcome of prize money by telling Trump whom to fire is forbidden.

Considering this, Bienstock wisely chooses to record these off-camera briefings in case the FCC ever rolls up on us. Rather than blurt out who they think should get canned, the two producers of that week’s episode—each following one team—are coached to equitably share with Trump the virtues and deficiencies of each member of the losing team. This renders a balanced depiction of how and why they lost. There are obvious choices of whom to fire, but we want it to be something of a horse race, to sustain the drama and keep people watching.

Satisfied he has what he needs, Trump dismisses the prefiring discussion with the wave of a hand, claiming he has places to be, let’s get on with it, etc. We proceed to set up for what will be our first boardroom.

The producers retreat to the adjacent control room to watch the event unfold. Per the show’s format, the losing team is summoned in anticipation of one of its members being sent home. Leaving their luggage in the reception area, the men walk into the boardroom, where Trump is flanked by Ross and Kepcher, waiting for them solemnly. Trump just frowns from a gigantic red leather chair, his eyeline noticeably well above those sitting across from him.

The men proceed to verbally go after one another like gladiators jousting before the emperor. Trump takes the conversation into potentially dangerous terrain, asking one contestant, who is Jewish, whether he believes in “the genetic pool.” The contestant’s retort is swift and resolute: He tells Trump that he does, in fact, have the genes, “just like you got from your father, Fred Trump, and your mother, Mary Trump.” It pours out of him. It is dramatic. It is good reality TV.

The project manager must then choose two of the men to come back to the boardroom with him while everyone else is dismissed. An off-camera prefiring consultation with Trump takes place (and is recorded), right before the three men are brought back for the eventual firing. We film Trump, Ross, and Kepcher deliberating and giving the pluses and minuses of each, remarking on how risky it was for one of the contestants to stand up for himself the way that he did. Trump turns back and forth to each, listening. His cronies stick to their stories and give added deferential treatment toward Trump, with Ross strategically reminding him, “You’ve been taking risks your entire life.”

Trump summons the three men back into the boardroom for final judging. Trump grills one and says, “I will let you stay.” ( Wow! we think. A benevolent leader. ) When he turns his attention to the other man—the one he asked about genetics—it looks clear. He is doomed. So much so that the man stands when Trump tells him, “It seems unanimous.” Trump then offhandedly tells him to sit down, calling him “a wild card,” echoing Ross’ earlier observation of the boss, Trump.

After this comes an unwieldy moment when, at the behest of Bienstock, Trump fumbles through a given line. “We have an elevator,” he says to the remaining contestant, named David, “that goes up to the suite and an elevator that goes down”—he pauses to recall the exact wording—“to the street. And, David, I’m going to ask you to take the down elevator.”

The men react and awkwardly rise. It is an unsatisfactory conclusion, given all the preceding drama.

From the control room, we all watch as the three men depart the boardroom. A quick huddle takes place between the producers and the executive from NBC. We bolt from the control room out into the boardroom and confer with Trump, telling him we will need him to say something more direct to conclude the moment when David is let go.

“Well, I’d probably just fire him,” Trump says. “Why not just say that?” Bienstock asks. “Fine,” Trump says.

We return to the control room. The three men from the losing team are brought back into the boardroom, and Trump repeats his line about the elevator, then turns to David, who already knows his fate, and adds, “David, you’re fired.”

The line insertion happened in a perilously scripted way, but it is deemed satisfactory. “You’re fired” becomes the expression we will stick with. It works. Trump comes off as decisive and to the point.

Later, Trump will try to trademark “You’re fired.” He is not successful.

Trump’s appearances make up so little of our shooting schedule that whenever he shows up to film, it isn’t just the wild-card on-camera moments we both hope for and are terrified of that put everyone on edge. It is the way he, the star (and half owner) of the show, targets people on the crew with the gaze of a hungry lion.

While leering at a female camera assistant or assessing the physical attributes of a female contestant for whoever is listening, he orders a female camera operator off an elevator on which she is about to film him. “She’s too heavy,” I hear him say.

Another female camera operator, who happens to have blond hair and blue eyes, draws from Trump comparisons to his own Ivanka Trump. “There’s a beautiful woman behind that camera,” he says toward a line of 10 different operators set up in the foyer of Trump Tower one day. “That’s all I want to look at.”

Trump corners a female producer and asks her whom he should fire. She demurs, saying something about how one of the contestants blamed another for their team losing. Trump then raises his hands, cupping them to his chest: “You mean the one with the …?” He doesn’t know the contestant’s name. Trump eventually fires her.

(In response to detailed questions about this and other incidents reported in this article, Steven Cheung, a spokesman for the Trump 2024 campaign, wrote, “This is a completely fabricated and bullshit story that was already peddled in 2016.” He said that it is surfacing now because Democrats are “desperate.”)

Trump goes about knocking off every one of the contestants in the boardroom until only two remain. The finalists are Kwame Jackson, a Black broker from Goldman Sachs, and Bill Rancic, a white entrepreneur from Chicago who runs his own cigar business. Trump assigns them each a task devoted to one of his crown-jewel properties. Jackson will oversee a Jessica Simpson benefit concert at Trump Taj Mahal Casino in Atlantic City, while Rancic will oversee a celebrity golf tournament at Trump National Golf Club in Briarcliff Manor, New York.

Viewers need to believe that whatever Trump touches turns to gold. These properties that bear his name are supposed to glitter and gleam. All thanks to him.

Reality is another matter altogether. The lights in the casino’s sign are out. Hong Kong investors actually own the place—Trump merely lends his name. The carpet stinks, and the surroundings for Simpson’s concert are ramshackle at best. We shoot around all that.

Both Rancic and Jackson do a round-robin recruitment of former contestants, and Jackson makes the fateful decision to team up with the notorious Omarosa, among others, to help him carry out his final challenge.

With her tenure on the series nearly over, Omarosa launches several simultaneous attacks on her fellow teammates in support of her “brother” Kwame. For the fame-seeking beauty queen, it is a do-or-die play for some much-coveted screen time. As on previous tasks, Ross and Kepcher will observe both events.

Over at Trump National Golf Club, where I am stationed, it is sunny and bright, set against luscious fall colors. I am driven up to the golf club from Manhattan to scout. With me are the other producers, all of whom are men. We meet Trump at one of the homes he keeps for himself on the grounds of the club.

“Melania doesn’t even know about this place,” he says out loud to us, snickering, implying that the home’s function is as his personal lair for his sexual exploits, all of which are unknown to his then-fiancée Melania Knauss.

We are taken around the rest of the club’s property and told what to feature on camera and what to stay away from. The clubhouse is a particularly necessary inclusion, and it is inside these luxurious confines where I have the privilege of meeting the architect. Finding myself alone with him, I make a point of commending him for what I feel is a remarkable building. The place is genuinely spectacular. He thanks me.

“It’s bittersweet,” he tells me. “I’m very proud of this place, but …” He hesitates. “I wasn’t paid what was promised,” he says. I just listen. “Trump pays half upfront,” he says, “but he’ll stiff you for the rest once the project is completed.”

“He stiffed you?”

“If I tried to sue, the legal bills would be more than what I was owed. He knew that. He basically said Take what I’m offering ,” and I see how heavy this is for the man, all these years later. “So, we sent the invoice. He didn’t even pay that,” he says. None of this will be in the show. Not Trump’s suggested infidelities, nor his aversion toward paying those who work for him.

When the tasks are over, we are back in the boardroom, having our conference with Trump about how the two finalists compare—a conversation that I know to be recorded. We huddle around him and set up the last moments of the candidates, Jackson and Rancic.

Trump will make his decision live on camera months later, so what we are about to film is the setup to that reveal. The race between Jackson and Rancic should seem close, and that’s how we’ll edit the footage. Since we don’t know who’ll be chosen, it must appear close, even if it’s not.

We lay out the virtues and deficiencies of each finalist to Trump in a fair and balanced way, but sensing the moment at hand, Kepcher sort of comes out of herself. She expresses how she observed Jackson at the casino overcoming more obstacles than Rancic, particularly with the way he managed the troublesome Omarosa. Jackson, Kepcher maintains, handled the calamity with grace.

“I think Kwame would be a great addition to the organization,” Kepcher says to Trump, who winces while his head bobs around in reaction to what he is hearing and clearly resisting.

“Why didn’t he just fire her?” Trump asks, referring to Omarosa. It’s a reasonable question. Given that this the first time we’ve ever been in this situation, none of this is something we expected.

“That’s not his job,” Bienstock says to Trump. “That’s yours.” Trump’s head continues to bob.

“I don’t think he knew he had the ability to do that,” Kepcher says. Trump winces again.

“Yeah,” he says to no one in particular, “but, I mean, would America buy a n— winning?”

Kepcher’s pale skin goes bright red. I turn my gaze toward Trump. He continues to wince. He is serious, and he is adamant about not hiring Jackson.

Bienstock does a half cough, half laugh, and swiftly changes the topic or throws to Ross for his assessment. What happens next I don’t entirely recall. I am still processing what I have just heard. We all are. Only Bienstock knows well enough to keep the train moving. None of us thinks to walk out the door and never return. I still wish I had. (Bienstock and Kepcher didn’t respond to requests for comment.)

Afterward, we film the final meeting in the boardroom, where Jackson and Rancic are scrutinized by Trump, who, we already know, favors Rancic. Then we wrap production, pack up, and head home. There is no discussion about what Trump said in the boardroom, about how the damning evidence was caught on tape. Nothing happens.

We go home and face the next phase of our assignment, the editing. In stitching the footage together, the swindle we are now involved in ascends to new levels.

Editing in a reality TV show is what script writing is to a narrative series. A lot of effort goes into the storytelling because, basically, in every single unscripted series—whether it’s a daytime talk show, an adventure documentary, or a shiny floor dance-off—there are three versions: There’s what happens, there’s what gets filmed, and there’s what gets cut down into 43 minutes squeezed between commercial breaks. Especially for a competition series, it’s important that the third version represent the first as much as possible. A defeated contestant could show up in the press and cry foul if they’re misrepresented. Best to let people fail of their own accord. That said, we look after our prized possessions in how we edit the series, and some people fare better than others.

We attend to our thesis that only the best and brightest deserve a job working for Donald Trump. Luckily, the winner, Bill Rancic, and his rival, Kwame Jackson, come off as capable and confident throughout the season. If for some reason they had not, we would have conveniently left their shortcomings on the cutting room floor. In actuality, both men did deserve to win.

Without a doubt, the hardest decisions we faced in postproduction were how to edit together sequences involving Trump. We needed him to sound sharp, dignified, and clear on what he was looking for and not as if he was yelling at people. You see him today: When he reads from a teleprompter, he comes off as loud and stoic. Go to one of his rallies and he’s the off-the-cuff rambler rousing his followers into a frenzy. While filming, he struggled to convey even the most basic items. But as he became more comfortable with filming, Trump made raucous comments he found funny or amusing—some of them misogynistic as well as racist. We cut those comments. Go to one of his rallies today and you can hear many of them.

If you listen carefully, especially to that first episode, you will notice clearly altered dialogue from Trump in both the task delivery and the boardroom. Trump was overwhelmed with remembering the contestants’ names, the way they would ride the elevator back upstairs or down to the street, the mechanics of what he needed to convey. Bienstock instigated additional dialogue recording that came late in the edit phase. We set Trump up in the soundproof boardroom set and fed him lines he would read into a microphone with Bienstock on the phone, directing from L.A. And suddenly Trump knows the names of every one of the contestants and says them while the camera cuts to each of their faces. Wow , you think, how does he remember everyone’s name? While on location, he could barely put a sentence together regarding how a task would work. Listen now, and he speaks directly to what needs to happen while the camera conveniently cuts away to the contestants, who are listening and nodding. He sounds articulate and concise through some editing sleight of hand.

Then comes the note from NBC about the fact that after Trump delivers the task assignment to the contestants, he disappears from the episode after the first act and doesn’t show up again until the next-to-last. That’s too long for the (high-priced) star of the show to be absent.

There is a convenient solution. At the top of the second act, right after the task has been assigned but right before the teams embark on their assignment, we insert a sequence with Trump, seated inside his gilded apartment, dispensing a carefully crafted bit of wisdom. He speaks to whatever the theme of each episode is—why someone gets fired or what would lead to a win. The net effect is not only that Trump appears once more in each episode but that he also now seems prophetic in how he just knows the way things will go right or wrong with each individual task. He comes off as all-seeing and all-knowing. We are led to believe that Donald Trump is a natural-born leader.

Through the editorial nudge we provide him, Trump prevails. So much so that NBC asks for more time in the boardroom to appear at the end of all the remaining episodes. (NBC declined to comment for this article.)

When it comes to the long con, the cherry on top is the prologue to the premiere. It’s a five-minute-long soliloquy delivered by Trump at the beginning of the first episode, the one titled “Meet the Billionaire.” Over a rousing score, it features Trump pulling out all the stops, calling New York “ my city” and confessing to crawling out from under “billions of dollars in debt.” There’s Trump in the back of limousines. Trump arriving before throngs of cheering crowds outside Trump Tower. Trump in his very own helicopter as it banks over midtown—the same helicopter with the Trump logo that, just like the airplane, is actually for sale to the highest bidder. The truth is, almost nothing was how we made it seem.

So, we scammed. We swindled. Nobody heard the racist and misogynistic comments or saw the alleged cheating, the bluffing, or his hair taking off in the wind. Those tapes, I’ve come to believe, will never be found.

No one lost their retirement fund or fell on hard times from watching The Apprentice . But Trump rose in stature to the point where he could finally eye a run for the White House, something he had intended to do all the way back in 1998. Along the way, he could now feed his appetite for defrauding the public with various shady practices.

In 2005 thousands of students enrolled in what was called Trump University, hoping to gain insight from the Donald and his “handpicked” professors. Each paid as much as $35,000 to listen to some huckster trade on Trump’s name. In a sworn affidavit, salesman Ronald Schnackenberg testified that Trump University was “fraudulent.” The scam swiftly went from online videoconferencing courses to live events held by high-pressure sales professionals whose only job was to persuade attendees to sign up for the course. The sales were for the course “tuition” and had nothing whatsoever to do with real estate investments. A class action suit was filed against Trump.

That same year, Trump was caught bragging to Access Hollywood co-host Billy Bush that he likes to grab married women “by the pussy,” adding, “When you’re a star, they let you do it.” He later tried to recruit porn actor Stormy Daniels for The Apprentice despite her profession and, according to Daniels, had sex with her right after his last son was born. (His alleged attempt to pay off Daniels is, of course, the subject of his recent trial.)

In October 2016—a month before the election—the Access Hollywood tapes were released and written off as “locker room banter.” Trump paid Daniels to keep silent about their alleged affair. He paid $25 million to settle the Trump University lawsuit and make it go away.

He went on to become the first elected president to possess neither public service nor military experience. And although he lost the popular vote, Trump beat out Hillary Clinton in the Electoral College, winning in the Rust Belt by just 80,000 votes.

Trump has been called the “reality TV president,” and not just because of The Apprentice . The Situation Room, where top advisers gathered, became a place for photo-ops, a bigger, better boardroom. Trump swaggered and cajoled, just as he had on the show. Whom would he listen to? Whom would he fire? Stay tuned. Trump even has his own spinoff, called the House of Representatives, where women hurl racist taunts and body-shame one another with impunity. The State of the Union is basically a cage fight. The demands of public office now include blowhard buffoonery.

I reached out to Apollo, the Vegas perceptions expert, to discuss all of this. He reminded me how if a person wants to manipulate the signal, they simply turn up the noise. “In a world that is so uncertain,” he said, “a confidence man comes along and fills in the blanks. The more confident they are, the more we’re inclined to go along with what they suggest.”

A reality TV show gave rise to an avaricious hustler, and a deal was made: Subvert the facts, look past the deficiencies, deceive where necessary, and prevail in the name of television ratings and good, clean fun.

Trump is making another run at the White House and is leading in certain polls. People I know enthusiastically support him and expect he’ll return to office. It’s not just hats, sneakers, a fragrance, or Bibles. Donald Trump is selling his vision of the world, and people are buying it.

Knowing all they know, how could these people still think he’s capable of being president of the United States?

Perhaps they watched our show and were conned by the pig in the poke.