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NASA Named one of America’s Best Employers for Veterans 

Mount Redoubt in southern Alaska in April 2009

Powerful New US-Indian Satellite Will Track Earth’s Changing Surface

What’s Up: November 2024 Skywatching Tips from NASA

What’s Up: November 2024 Skywatching Tips from NASA

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View from outside a large run stall. The 100-foot-long X-59 sits in the run stall with the engine and the rest of the back of the aircraft sitting outside the run stall’s open bay door.

X-59 Fires Up its Engine for First Time on its Way to Takeoff

Hubble Captures a Galaxy with Many Lights

Hubble Captures a Galaxy with Many Lights

Still Kickin’ Since the ’70s: NASA’s Voyager Mission Keeps Exploring

Still Kickin’ Since the ’70s: NASA’s Voyager Mission Keeps Exploring

NASA astronaut and Expedition 71 Flight Engineer Tracy C. Dyson is pictured in the galley aboard the International Space Station's Unity module showing off food packets from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency).

NASA Shares Space Food Insight with Commercial Food Industry

The crew of the Human Exploration Research Analog’s Campaign 7 Mission 1 clasp hands above their simulated space habitat’s elevator shaft.

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Hurricane Helene’s Gravity Waves Revealed by NASA’s AWE

Hurricane Helene’s Gravity Waves Revealed by NASA’s AWE

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Final venus flyby for nasa’s parker solar probe queues closest sun pass.

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NASA’s New Edition of Graphic Novel Features Europa Clipper

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NASA’s NEOWISE Spacecraft Re-Enters Atmosphere, But More Discoveries Await!

NASA’s Hubble, Webb Probe Surprisingly Smooth Disk Around Vega

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Two Puerto Rican women stand on a beach, both wearing teal longsleeve shirts and sunglasses. The one on the left has a tan, wide-brimmed hat, and the one on the right has a pink baseball cap.

Interview with OCEANOS Instructor María Fernanda Barbarena-Arias

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Interview with OCEANOS Instructor Roy Armstrong

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Math, Mentorship, Motherhood: Behind the Scenes with NASA Engineers

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Amendment 65: D.19 Habitable Worlds Observatory System Technology Demonstrations and Mission Architecture Studies Final Text and Due Date.

Amendment 65: D.19 Habitable Worlds Observatory System Technology Demonstrations and Mission Architecture Studies Final Text and Due Date.

Amendment 64: Significant Changes to Three Astrophysics ROSES Program Elements: D.3 APRA, D.7 SAT, and D.8 RTF

Amendment 64: Significant Changes to Three Astrophysics ROSES Program Elements: D.3 APRA, D.7 SAT, and D.8 RTF

Power to Explore STEM Writing Challenge

Power to Explore STEM Writing Challenge

Nasa knows – how can i get involved with nasa research.

Anna L. Fisher operates the Remote Manipulator System from Discovery’s aft flight deck

40 Years Ago: STS-51A – “The Ace Repo Company”

El x-59 enciende su motor por primera vez rumbo al despegue, la nasa lleva un dron y un rover espacial a un espectáculo aéreo.

A man wearing a gray NASA shirt posing to the left of a subscale model or an aircraft that is orange and white with the NASA meatball on it. In the background, there are aviation posters located on the wall and another subscale model on display that is yellow and red.

Destacado de la NASA: Felipe Valdez, un ingeniero inspirador

Nasa runs first-ever test of new jet engine tech, glenn communications.

A graphic depicting an artist’s concept of the "double bubble" D8 Series aircraft design is shown in flight with clouds surrounding it.

Car, truck, train and aircraft manufacturers have made great strides in recent years to reduce fuel consumption, resulting in consumer savings and lower emissions. With NASA’s help, the aircraft industry is striving to increase fuel efficiency even more.

One way to do that is to create new aircraft engine designs. Engineers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland are testing a new fan and inlet design, commonly called a propulsor, which could increase fuel efficiency by four to eight percent more than the advanced engine designs airlines are beginning to use.

On today’s jet aircraft, the engines are typically located away from the aircraft’s body to avoid ingesting the layer of slower flowing air that develops along the aircraft’s surfaces, called boundary layer. Aerospace engineers believe they can reduce fuel burn by embedding an aircraft’s engines into these surfaces and ingesting the boundary layer air flow to propel the aircraft through its mission.

It sounds like a simple design change, but it’s actually quite challenging. Boundary layer air flow is highly distorted, and that distortion affects the way the fan performs and operates. These new designs require a stronger fan.

To address these challenges, NASA Glenn is testing a new propulsor in its 8’ x 6’  Wind Tunnel. Designed by United Technologies Research Center with research conducted by Virginia Polytechnic and State University, the rugged boundary layer ingesting (BLI) inlet-fan combination is the first of its kind ever to be tested.

“Studies backed by more detailed analyses have shown that boundary layer ingesting propulsors have the potential to significantly improve aircraft fuel efficiency,” said David Arend, a BLI propulsion expert at NASA Glenn. “If this new design and its enabling technologies can be made to work, the BLI propulsor will produce the required thrust with less propulsive power input. Additional aircraft drag and weight reduction benefits have also been identified.”

The highly experimental tests required years of preparation. Many industry, NASA and academic experts contributed to the design and analysis of the propulsor. NASA Glenn engineers also modified the wind tunnel to accept a larger model, a boundary layer control system and a way to power the experiment.

“We have generated a unique test capability that doesn’t exist anywhere in the country for testing boundary layer ingesting propulsors,” said Jim Heidmann, manager of NASA’s Advanced Air Transport Technologies project.

Throughout testing, the team will change the wind speed and vary the boundary layer thickness and fan operation to see how these changes affect the propulsor’s performance, operability and structure. Results of the tests will be applicable to multiple cutting-edge aircraft designs being pursued by NASA as well as by its academic and private industry partners.

Jan Wittry NASA’s Glenn Research Center

Explore More

research about aircraft engines

Related Terms

  • Advanced Air Transport Technology
  • Advanced Air Vehicles Program
  • Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate
  • Glenn Research Center

Gas Turbine Propulsion

Image of 4 airplanes

Thrust and Force

Thrust is the  force  which moves any aircraft through the air. Thrust is generated by the  propulsion system  of the aircraft. Different propulsion systems develop thrust in different ways, but all thrust is generated through some application of Newton’s third law of motion. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. In any propulsion system, a  working fluid  is accelerated by the system and the reaction to this acceleration produces a force on the system. A general derivation of the  thrust equation  shows that the amount of thrust generated depends on the  mass flow  through the engine and the  exit velocity  of the gas.

Gas Turbine/ Jet Engine

During World War II, a new type of airplane engine was developed independently in Germany and in England. This engine was called a  gas turbine  engine. We sometimes call this engine a  jet engine . Early gas turbine engines worked much like a  rocket engine  creating a hot exhaust gas which was passed through a  nozzle  to produce thrust. But unlike the rocket engine which must carry its oxygen for  combustion , the turbine engine gets its oxygen from the surrounding air. A turbine engine does not work in outer space because there is no surrounding air. For a gas turbine engine, the accelerated gas, or  working fluid , is the jet exhaust. Most of the mass of the jet exhaust comes from the surrounding atmosphere. Most modern, high-speed passenger and military aircraft are powered by gas turbine engines. Because gas turbine engines are so important for modern life, we will be providing a lot of information about turbine engines and their operation.

Gas Turbine Engine

Turbine engines come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes because of the many different aircraft missions. All gas turbine engines have some parts in common, however. On the slide we see pictures of four different aircraft equipped with gas turbine engines. Each aircraft has a unique mission and therefore a unique propulsion requirement. At the upper left is a DC-8 airliner. Its mission is to carry large loads of passengers or cargo for a long distance at high speed. It spends most of its life in high-speed cruise .

At the lower left is an F-14 fighter plane. Its mission is to shoot down other aircraft in air-to-air combat. It spends most of its life in cruise but needs high acceleration when in combat. At the lower right is a C-130 cargo aircraft. Like the DC-8, it carries cargo a long distance, but it does not have the high-speed requirement of the DC-8.

At the upper right is a T-38 trainer. It is used to teach pilots how to fly jet aircraft and does not have the acceleration requirements of the F-14. The DC-8 is powered by four high-bypass turbofan engines, the F-14 by two afterburning low-bypass turbofans, the C-130 by four turboprop engines, and the T-38 by two turbojet engines.

Turbine Engine Propulsion

Jet Engine Interactive Simulator is an interactive JavaScript application which allows you to study different types of jet engines. You can learn the fundamentals of turbine engine propulsion with the EngineSim simulator. RangeGames is an interactive JavaScript application which allows you to study how different types of aircraft use different types of engines to meet their mission.

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IMAGES

  1. The 5 Main Types of Aircraft Jet Engines

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  2. Pratt’s PurePower GTF: Jet Engine Innovation Took Almost 30 Years

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  3. 4 Types of Aircraft Jet Engines

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  4. The 5 Different Types of Aircraft Engines Explained

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  5. Aircraft Engines Explained and Types of Aviation Engines with

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  6. Scheme of the aircraft engine

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