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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

Germany is an excellent destination for both young and experienced researchers. 

The European country is third behind the U.S. and China for research & development expenditure . Plus, it is home to some of the most prestigious (and affordable!) research universities in the world.

If you’re considering doing a PhD in Germany, you will need to follow these steps:

The main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

• Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor
• Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
• Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application
• Apply for Doctoral Studies
• Secure Funding
• Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit
• Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

Why Pursue a PhD in Germany?

If you’re not yet sure if you should choose Germany for your PhD studies, here are some compelling reasons why you should consider it:

• Top-tier universities. Four German universities are ranked in the top 100 global universities, and many more are in the top 200.
• Large international student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community. Over 458,210 international students are currently studying in the country.
• Quality research institutions. There are over a thousand publicly funded research institutions (universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies) that you can choose from in Germany.
• High investment in research and development. Germany’s public expenditure in the research and development sector reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
• Strong economy. Germany is known for its strong and stable economy. After completing your PhD, there are plenty of employment opportunities in the academic, business, and research sectors.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

From finding the perfect program for you to submitting your application and starting your PhD, here are all the steps you need to take:

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1. Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

After all the years of studying leading up to this step, you most likely have a few areas of interest you want to do your research in.

This is the first important step: define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. If you need more help, you can consult online resources from research universities. Or, even better, you can discuss your decision to pursue a PhD with academic communities online or offline and seek advice from current PhD students in Germany who can tell you more about their individual experiences.

If you already know what your research direction is, you can begin searching for suitable programs right ahead. 

• The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has an extensive list of current opportunities, which you can look up at the  DAAD PhD Database . 
• Another option is to research universities in Germany individually to find the newest opportunities and offerings at each institution.

You will also have to find a supervisor. The best way to do this is to go to university websites and find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research fields/current projects. Contact professors whose work aligns with your interests via email to inquire about supervision opportunities.

> Search PhD programs from 31,000 research institutions listed on the GERiT database .

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

There are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD: individual PhD programs and structured PhD programs. Each comes with its own set of advantages and requirements.

2. Verify That You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

Requirements and application documents to apply for a PhD in Germany are specific to the institution and research area you’re applying to. But, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

• Academic degree recognized in Germany. You need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) in a field relevant to the PhD program to qualify.
• Copy of master’s thesis. Submit a copy of your master’s thesis. The work should demonstrate your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
• Research proposal. Craft a clear and detailed research proposal that includes your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. 
• Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose why you want to do a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with them.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction, you may have to provide proof of language proficiency in English and/or German. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF and DSH for German or TOEFL and IELTS for English. Proof of previous studies in the language is also sufficient.
• Academic references. Provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors/ academic advisors who can attest to your academic abilities and potential.
• Predoctoral examination. Some programs ask that you pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

3. Apply for Doctoral Studies

After finding a suitable PhD program and mentor, and making sure your academic qualifications are recognized, you can send in your application.

You can send in your application online or by post, depending on the hosting institution’s preferences. To make sure, check their guidelines and specifications. Admission committees are selective, so you may also have to attend an interview soon in the application process.

4. Secure Funding

You must demonstrate access to a minimum of €934 per month (€11,208 per year) to meet visa requirements and live comfortably while you’re in Germany. You can prove this through an admission agreement or relevant PhD contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are many ways to support yourself financially while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

• PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139. 
• Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will work on specific research projects on a contract and receive a salary.
• Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
• Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies for extra income.

> Read more about the costs of studying in Germany.

> Discover PhD scholarships in Germany.

5. Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit

If the institution confirms your place in the PhD program, next in line is applying for a student visa or residence permit. The requirements for a German PhD visa or permit can vary depending on your nationality and circumstances: 

Visa Requirements

If you’re a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland, you don’t need a special permit or visa for a PhD in Germany. You can enter the country for research and work purposes with a valid passport or ID card.

Otherwise, you will need a visa and/or a residence permit to do your PhD in Germany. Nationals of some countries, including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, don’t need a visa but must apply for a residence permit.

Depending on the circumstances, you need one of the following visas:

• Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program.
• Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany.
• EU Blue Card. If your PhD contract pays a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you can apply for an EU Blue Card . This is a special residence title for international academics and other professionals.

Residence Permit Requirements

If you come to Germany on a visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This also applies to nationals of countries outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland who are exempt from the visa requirement.

You can apply for one of the following residence permits:

• Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, apply for a study-based residence permit. It lasts up to two years, extendable.
• Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, apply for a research permit. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
• EU Blue Card. With a PhD offer that has a minimum salary of €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for some bottleneck professions , you may be eligible for the EU Blue Card. Apply for this permit if you meet the criteria.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

6. Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

The most exciting step of all is near—time to unpack your bags and begin your life as a PhD student or researcher in Germany. Once you’re settled in, there are some formalities you need to take care of.

The international office at the university or another representative can guide you best on this. However, here are some of the main things you need to do once you arrive in Germany:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process. 

Get Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany is required by law to have health insurance coverage. This includes international PhD students. Depending on the source of your funding, you are eligible for one of the following health insurance coverages: 

• Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are automatically insured with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung-GKV) in most cases.
• Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) can choose between:
• Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
• Coverage with a private health insurance company.

There are some exceptions in which you can use your insurance from your home country. These apply to students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account 

You should open a German bank account as soon as possible. Most financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are done through a German bank account.

Enroll at the University

If your PhD program is part of a university degree, you need to enroll as a student at the university. Follow your university’s instructions to submit the necessary documents to the enrollment office. These usually include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and semester fee.

After you complete this process, you will receive an Enrollment Certificate (Immatrikulationsbescheinigung). This is a very important document that you most likely need in the future.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot of planning involved if you’re considering doing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Germany?

A PhD in Germany usually takes between three to six years to complete. Just like in other countries, it can take longer or shorter than expected, depending on several factors. The type of PhD you choose (structured programs can be more rigid), your subject area, and individual progress can all make a difference in the time it takes to get a PhD in Germany.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

The majority of PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if need to enroll at a university for your PhD, there is a small semester fee you need to cover. The fee can be higher or lower depending on the university, but it usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

You don’t necessarily have to know German to do a PhD in Germany. In fact, most PhD programs in Germany are in English, especially in fields such as science, engineering, and humanities. In these programs, you can both write your thesis and communicate with your advisor and peers in English.

There is of course the chance that the program you’ve chosen is in German or requires knowledge of German (in most cases, in addition to English). In this case, you have to prove your proficiency through a recognized language certificate or proof of previous studies in German.

Even if German isn’t mandatory, we strongly encourage you to learn the basics. They will be super helpful in daily interactions and getting accustomed to life in Germany.

How Much Does a PhD Student Earn in Germany?

Most PhD candidates in Germany receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant. This includes candidates affiliated with universities, research institutes, or company collaborations.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under either the Collective Agreement for Civil Service TVöD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst or the Collective Agreement for the Civil Service of Individual Federal States TV-L (Tarifvertrag der Länder). Since universities are funded by their respective federal government, if your PhD is affiliated with one, your salary will be structured under the TV-L.

Doctoral positions fall within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6). The difference between the tiers (Stufe) depends on prior experience in the field. If you don’t have any research experience, you will fall under Tier 1 and progress to the other tiers throughout your PhD.

Your salary will ultimately be determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

> Learn more about pay ranges for PhD students using this convenient calculator .

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

Part-time work is an option in most cases unless it’s strictly stated otherwise in your contract. Whether or not you are allowed to work on the side as a PhD in Germany depends on the working hours stated in your PhD contract, supervisor, and other specific circumstances. 

However, since the PhD is considered a job in itself, it’s usually frowned upon to have a side hustle. Even if you have a 50% contract, a PhD is demanding and requires long hours of work and research. If you choose to work on the side, make sure to find the right balance between work and your PhD commitments. To be on the safe side, it’s best to talk to your supervisor and go over all the legal and contractual obligations related to your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

Here are the main steps to defending your PhD thesis in Germany:

• Submit your thesis. The first step is submitting submit your thesis and supporting documents in adherence to all the formal requirements. A commission will be formed, and in some cases, you can suggest reviewers.
• Oral defense. The next step is preparing and undergoing an oral defense, which can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this time, you will present your research and discuss it with the committee. The defense can be either public or private.
• Receive the title and publish your work. The outcome of the discussion determines your final grade, to be received after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects Like After Doing a PhD in Germany?

Career prospects after a PhD in Germany are quite promising. 

The most common paths for PhD holders in Germany are either in academia as professors or post-doctorate researchers or in industry positions. 

Technology, healthcare, and finance, in particular, are some of the most in-demand industries in Germany. The country’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place to develop your career.

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Structured Doctoral Programs

Each of our structured doctoral programs offers a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary curriculum designed to help you realize your full potential and prepare for a successful career. The programs include innovative, personalized advising with regular progress checks, as well as extensive opportunities to broaden your research network and connect with peers in your field.

The University of Bonn offers a wide range of funding opportunities, which have been summarized for you on this page, divided into the following categories:

Bonn International Graduate Schools (BIGS)

Phd programs within our cluster of excellence.

• Structured Doctoral Programs by Discipline 

Third-Party Funded Programs

Doctoral education at the highest level: BIGS enable doctoral studies in outstanding research contexts with attractive international collaborations and a qualification program tailored to the needs of graduate students.

Located at the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics and supported by Germany’s Excellence Initiative, BIGS-M  is home to all of the University’s doctoral candidates in mathematics and contributes to Bonn’s excellent international reputation in the field.

BGSE offers a structured program that is tailored to the needs of doctoral candidates, including an internationally recognized research network.

Supported by Germany’s Excellence Initiative and jointly administered by the renowned Physics Institutes at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne, BCGS  offers doctoral studies through an integrated honors program.

Home to an international community of talented biomedical scientists, BIGS DrugS 6 6 is the hub for doctoral candidates from pharma research institutes within the University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Medicine.

BIGS-OAS offers a wide range of courses within a research context, focused on the cultures and societies of Asia and Asia Minor.

BIGS Neuroscience provides a top-level, internationally competitive program in this rapidly growing field.

BIGS CPS's interdisciplinary approach combines medical, agricultural and pharmaceutical research.

BIGS Chemistry 10 doctoral candidates enjoy an exceptional and ambitious program covering all fields of chemistry.

This three-year doctoral program  is offered in conjunction with the University’s ImmunoSensation Cluster, which is funded by Germany’s Excellence Initiative.

Part of the University of Bonn’s Center for Development Research, BIGS-DR   trains students for an international career in development cooperation, policy or research through a combination of academic study and intensive tutorship.

The BIGS Land and Food combines the research at the agricultural Faculty with an interdisciplinary study program.

Clusters of Excellence stand for international and interdisciplinary elite research and offer young scientists excellent funding and career conditions. The University of Bonn currently has six clusters of excellence, more than any other university in Germany, and thus opens up a broad spectrum of possible research topics to doctoral candidates. Here you will find an overview of the university's clusters of excellence.

PhD Programs within our Excellence Cluster

The goal of the Hausdorff Center of Mathematics is to identify and address mathematical challenges of the 21st century, to advance groundbreaking fundamental mathematical research worldwide, and to develop the mathematical methods and tools required by science and society.

Part of the Hausdorff Center is also a graduate school: The Bonn International Graduate School of Mathematics (BIGS-M) hosts all doctoral students of mathematics and contributes to the outstanding international reputation of the university in this field. The duration of the program is usually 3 years, and the doctorate (Dr. rer nat.) can be earned as a degree.

More information: https://www.bigs-math.uni-bonn.de/de/studies/ 14 15 15

ImmunoSensation2 aims to continue the success story of the existing ImmunoSensation cluster. While the emphasis so far has been on fundamental research in particular of the innate immune system, now the mechanisms of immune intelligence are to be uncovered, i.e. the question of how the body succeeds in adapting immune responses to specific situations and then remembers this in order to be optimally prepared for similar challenges in the future. The cluster's graduate school, the Bonn International Graduate School Immunosciences and Infection offers a structured, three-year doctoral program.

You can find further information about this program here: 

https://www.immunosensation.de/opportunities/young-scientists

Until today, dependency studies has almost exclusively dealt with slavery on the American continent or in antiquity. The Cluster of Excellence "Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies (BCDSS)" aims to broaden this perspective in terms of content, space and time. Within the framework of the cluster, a structured doctoral program with a duration of 4 years is offered.

Further information can be found at:  https://www.dependency.uni-bonn.de/en 15 16

Over the last few decades, computer hardware has become smaller and smaller, but their technology remains more or less the same. Slowly, this development is reaching its limits.Thus, we need new technologies that satisfy our growing hunger for even more powerful hardware.

Quantum physics could be a solution.

Together with the University of Cologne and the RWTH Aachen, Bonn researchers want to work on making this new technology usable. To achieve this, quantum bits or even qubits - the quantum counterpart to our previous bits - quantum communication channels that build networks and error correction methods have to be explored from the ground up. As part of the Excellence Initiative, the Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy (BCGS) offers a doctoral program with an integrated honors program.

Further information can be found at:  http://www.gradschool.physics.uni-bonn.de/. 4 4

The ECONtribute researches the functioning of markets as well as reasons for their failure. In doing so, the cluster goes beyond traditional analyses by systematically combining model-based theoretical approaches and behavioral explanatory models while incorporating legal and political frameworks. Within the cluster, the Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE) offers doctoral students a tailored structured doctoral program that includes an internationally recognized research network.

Further information can be found at:  https://www.bgse.uni-bonn.de. 3 3

Increasing agricultural production despite limited land while reducing the ecological footprint of agriculture - this is one of the challenges of our time. For this reason, the University of Bonn and Forschungszentrum Jülich are jointly developing methods and new technologies to observe, analyze, better understand and more specifically treat plants. The cluster's graduate school, the Theodor Brinkmann Graduate School, offers an interdisciplinary study program to master's students and doctoral candidates at the Faculty of Agriculture.

More information: https://www.phenorob.de/ .

The Third-Party Funded Programs at the University of Bonn offer structured doctoral studies on selected research topics. They enable close networking among doctoral students conducting research on related topics.

Bonn International Graduate School of Mathematics (BIGS-M) 2 17 18 18 Located at the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics, BIGS-M provides an umbrella for all Bonn PhD students in mathematics. Thus, the BIGS-M contributes to the excellent national and international reputation of mathematics at Bonn.

Bonn International Graduate School Immunosciences and Infection The BIGS Immunosciences and Infection is a structured 3-year PhD program in conjunction with the ImmunoSensation Cluster/Bonn. The ImmunoSensation Cluster is part of the Excellence Strategy.

DFG Research Training Group "Gegenwart/Literatur. Geschichte, Theorie und Praxeologie eines Verhältnisses" (GRK 2291) [only in German] The Research Training group supported by the DFG  aims at the exploration and analysis of the constitutive dimensions of the concept of contemporary literature.  

DFG international Research Training Group "Myeloid antigen presenting cells and the induction of adaptive immunity" GRK (2168) 19 19 19 19 The DFG-funded project is a cooperation of the University of Bonn and the University of Melbourne. The principal research focus is the intersection between innate and adaptive immunity in the context of infection.

DFG Research Training Group  "The Macroeconomics of Inequality"  ( GRK 2281) 20 20 20 20 The research program focuses on the macroeconomic aspects of inequality, an aspect of first-order importance for society. 

DFG Research Training Group "Template-designed Organic Electronics (TIDE)" (GRK 2591) 21 21 21 The Graduate Program 'Template-Designed Optoelectronic Devices' (TIDE) aims to provide comprehensive doctoral education in the field of Organic Electronics (OE) to meet the requirements of highly qualified and multidisciplinary professionals. 

DFG Research Training Group "Tools and Drugs of the Future - Innovative Methods and New Modalities in Medicinal Chemistry" (GRK 2873) The goal of the RTG " Tools and Drugs of the Future" is to modernize medicinal chemistry and train a new generation of medicinal chemists and researchers at the interface with interconnected disciplines. In addition, the projects are intended to contribute to the development of new drug substances.

Integrated Research Training Group at the DFG Collaborative Research Centre "Synaptic Micronetworks in Health and Disease" (SFB 1089) 22 22 27 27 Located at the newly inaugurated SFB 1089 on neuronal networks, the Integrated Research Training Group offers a structured graduate program for all doctoral researchers at the Centre.

Integrated Research Training Group at theDFG Collaborative Research Centre "Future Rural Africa" (SFB/TR 228) The integrated research group is investigating the relationship between land use change and shaping the future in rural Africa in a total of 14 subprojects.

Integrated Research Training Group at the DFG Collaborative Research Centre "Open System Control of Atomic and Photonic Matter" (SFB/TR 185) 24 The collaborative research centre Oscar will explore the physics of open systems.

Integrated Research Training Group at the DFG Collaborative Research Centre "Aortic Diseases" (SFB/TR 259) 25 The aim of this research initiative is to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resident and non-resident cells in aortic diseases.

Integrated Research Training Group at the DFG Collaborative Research Centre "Regional Climate Change: Disentangling the Role of Land Use and Water Management" (SFB 1502) The SFB combines the strengths of the University of Bonn and its project partners to answer one of the most difficult questions in understanding climate change.

Integrated Research Training Group at the DFG Collaborative Research Centre "Brown and Beige Fat - Organ Crosstalk, Signaling and Energetics (BATenergy)" (SFB/TRR 333) The CRC investigates metabolism/diabetes and focusses on brown adipose tissue. 

One Health and Urban Transformation

The NRW Forschungskolleg One Health and Urban Transformation is a transdisciplinary graduate school that aims to find interventions to achieve optimal health for humans, animals, plants and the environment with a special focus on developments in NRW, Saõ Paulo, Accra and Ahmedabad.

International Max Planck Research School Moduli Spaces 27 27 In cooperation with the University of Bonn, the renowned Bonn Max-Planck-Institute for Mathematics offers a PhD program with a special focus on the study of moduli.

International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics 28 28 In cooperation between the Max-Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy and the Universities of Bonn and of Cologne, the Research School facilitates 3 years of PhD studies with a curriculum tailored to the individual student.

International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior 29 The IMPRS for Brain & Behavior is a cooperation between the Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) in Bonn

International Max Planck Research School - Recharge IMPRS-RECHARGE focuses on interdisciplinary research between chemistry and physics with an emphasis on catalytic mechanisms, physical-chemical analysis and energy topics. Scientific challenges shall be looked at from different angles. Furthermore the combination of theory and practice is a vital aim of the IMPRS-RECHARGE.

Marie Curie Innovative Training Network "Macro and Microplastic in Agricultural Soil Systems“ (SOPLAS) The SOPLAS project will assemble a multidisciplinary team to study the nexus of plastic–agriculture–soil. It will also train a new generation of leading experts. The project aims to identify the plastic cycle within agricultural soil systems and support the development of environmental policies related to mitigating the impact of plastics. The findings will advance our knowledge about the sustainable use of plastics in European agriculture.

Marie Curie Innovative Training Network "Early Stage Researchers EDUCational Program on Factor VIII Immunogenicity“ (EDUC8 ) 32 37 The EDUC8 program is a multidisciplinary training program with exposure of the enrolled ESRs to a core common educational package and development of individual PhD researchprojects dedicated to decreasing the societal burden associated with the development of anti-FVIII antibodies in Europe.

Marie Curie Innovative Training Network "Research and Training in Early Life Nutrition to Prevent Disease" (GROWTH)

GROWTH is an Innovative Training Network that aims to train young business-oriented researchers in developing pathological insights, biomarker diagnostics and personalized nutritional interventions for intestinal failure in neonates and preterm infants.

Tools4Teams - "Research Training to Design and Implement Tools Supporting Safe Teamwork in Healthcare"

The Tools4Teams research project will prepare the next generation of teamwork experts to contribute new insights and smart technologies for safe and effective care. Tools4Teams brings together expertise from social and technical sciences, human-centered design, education, and clinical specialties.

Trinational Graduate College "Mass and Integration in Antique Societies" [in German/French] Supported by the Deutsch-Französische Hochschule since 2011, the tri-national Graduate School in Ancient History offers curriculum events in Bonn, Berne, and Strasbourg.

Structured Doctoral Programs by Discipline

Find the right structured doctoral program at the University of Bonn in your discipline here:

• Cross-Disciplinary Options
• Medicine and Life Sciences
• Mathematics and Natural Sciences
• Agriculture

Faculties at the University of Bonn work together to design interdisciplinary programs that combine key perspectives and offer unique insights.

Cross-Disciplinary Programs

Bonn International Graduate School for Development Research (BIGS-DR) 42 Unique in Europe, BIGS-DR links perspectives from the Faculties of Philosophy, Agriculture, and Law and Economics – with an international focus.

Bonn International Graduate School of Neuroscience (BIGS Neuroscience) 8 8 A collaboration between the University’s Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, as well as external partners, BIGS Neuroscience offers a medical program alongside five research areas in medicine.

SciMed Doctoral College 43 42 The Doctoral College offers scientific training for students in medicine and dental medicine, leading to a dual Dr. med. and Dr. med. dent. degree.

Researchers at the University of Bonn explore a wide variety of issues in economics, including game theory, applied microeconomics, monetary and international macroeconomics, contract theory, labor economics and finance.

Economics Programs

Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE) BGSE offers a structured program that is tailored to the needs of doctoral candidates, including an internationally recognized research network.

DFG Research Training Group "Die Macroeconomics of Inequality" (GRK 2281) The research program focuses on the macroeconomic aspects of inequality, an aspect of first-order importance for society. 

Law Programs

Graduate School of Law and Political Science Department of Law The Graduate School of the Faculty of Law and Political Science was founded in the summer semester of 2018 and supports the doctoral students in preparing their doctoral studies.

The University of Bonn’s Faculty of Medicine offers doctoral programs in medical biochemistry, neurosciences and pharmacology. With the exception of the SciMed Doctoral College, all programs are administered in cooperation with the University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.

Cross-Disciplinary Program

SciMed Doctoral College The Doctoral College offers scientific training for students in medicine and dental medicine, leading to a dual Dr. med. and Dr. med. dent. degree.

Neuroscience

Bonn International Graduate School of Neuroscience (BIGS Neuroscience) BIGS Neuroscience provides a top-level, internationally competitive program in this rapidly growing field.

Synaptic Micronetworks in Health and Disease (SFB 1089) Supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft – DFG) collaborative research centers, this integrated research training group works to identify fundamental rules that govern neuronal behavior at the network level and translate network dynamics to mammalian and human behavior.

International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior A joint venture of the University of Bonn, the Max-Planck-associated Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, and Florida Atlantic University, this graduate school offers a complete doctoral and research program in the neurosciences.

Marie Curie Initial Training Network "modelling and pRedicting Human decision-making Using Measures of subconscious Brain processes through mixed reality interfaces and biOmetric signals" (RHUMBO) RHUMBO proposes using measures of subconscious brain processes through the use of mixed reality technologies (MRT) and advanced biometric signals processing as a new paradigm to improve the knowledge that implicit brain processes have in human decision-making.

Pharma Research

Bonn International Graduate School of Drug Sciences (BIGS DrugS) Home to an international community of talented biomedical scientists, BIGS DrugS is the hub for doctoral candidates from pharma research institutes within the University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Medicine.

Bonn International Graduate School of Immunosciences and Infection

This three-year doctoral program is offered in conjunction with the University's ImmunoSensation Cluster , which is funded by Germany’s Excellence Initiative.

DFG Research Training Group "Myeloid antigen presenting cells and the induction of adaptive immunity" GRK (2168) The DFG-funded project is a cooperation of the University of Bonn and the University of Melbourne.

At the University of Bonn’s Faculty of Arts, you’ll find a highly international environment with students and researchers in a wide range of fields.

German Studies, Comparative Literature and Culture 

Structured Doctoral Program in German Studies (SPP) [website in German] Taught in German, the SPP supports doctoral candidates’ initiatives within the Institute for German, Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies.

German-Italian Doctoral College [website in German] Taught in German, this three-year grant program provides structured doctoral studies for researchers in German and Italian, with time in both Bonn and Florence.

History and Ancient History 

Mass and Integration in Antique Societies [website in German and French] Supported by Franco-German University and taught in German and French, this trinational doctoral program includes study in Bonn; Berne, Switzerland; and Strasbourg, France.

Oriental and Asian Studies Bonn

International Graduate School of Oriental and Asian Studies (BIGS-OAS) BIGS-OAS offers a wide range of courses within a research context, focused on the cultures and societies of Asia and Asia Minor.

Romance Studies

Italian Studies [website in German and Italian] Offered in cooperation with the Universities of Florence and Paris-Sorbonne IV, this trinational doctoral program is taught in German and Italian.

Structured DPhil program at the Faculty of Arts The program supports qualified doctoral candidates from all disciplines in their doctoral projects. It provides the opportunity for networking, interdisciplinary exchange in diverse social sciences and humanities subjects, progress monitoring and financial support for travel, workshops or research funding as part of the doctorate.

European Founding Myths in Literature, Arts and Music [website in German, French and Italian] This trinational program is jointly organized by the Universities of Bonn, Florence and Paris-Sorbonne IV and taught in German, French and Italian.

Bonn International Graduate School for Development Research (BIGS-DR) Part of the University of Bonn’s Center for Development Research, BIGS-DR trains students for an international career in development cooperation, policy or research through a combination of academic study and intensive tutorship.

The University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences offers numerous externally funded doctoral programs in areas including mathematics and informatics, physics, biology, pharmacology and molecular biomedicine.

Programs in neuroscience, pharma research, immunoscience, and infection and molecular biomedicine are offered in cooperation with the Faculty of Medicine.

Mathematics

Bonn International Graduate School of Mathematics (BIGS-M) 2 2 Located at the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics, BIGS-M is home to all of the University’s doctoral candidates in mathematics and contributes to Bonn’s excellent international reputation in the field.

International Max Planck Research School on Moduli Spaces 53 53 This program includes courses, seminars and activities focused on the geometric spaces whose points represent fixed algebro-geometric objects (or isomorphism classes of such objects).

Physics und Astronomy

Bonn-Cologne Graduate School of Physics and Astronomy (BCGS) 4 4 Supported by Germany’s Excellence Initiative and jointly administered by the renowned Physics Institutes at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne, BCGS offers doctoral studies through an integrated honors program.

International Max Planck Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics 55 55 This program offers a broad spectrum of topics in observational and theoretical galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, observational and theoretical cosmology, and fundamental physics – using astronomical tools and instrumentation.

Leibniz Graduate School on Genomic Biodiversity Research Based at Bonn’s Alexander Koenig Research Museum, this school is focused primarily on insect genome evolution.

Bonn International Graduate School of Chemistry (BIGS Chemistry) 57 57 BIGS Chemistry offers an internationally competitive doctoral program and opportunities to perform cutting-edge research.

Neurosciences

Bonn International Graduate School of Neuroscience (BIGS Neuroscience) 8 8 BIGS Neuroscience provides a top-level, internationally competitive program in this rapidly growing field.

Synaptic Micronetworks in Health and Disease (SFB 1089) 22 22 Supported by DFG collaborative research centers, this integrated research training group works to identify fundamental rules that govern neuronal behavior at the network level and translate network dynamics to mammalian and human behavior.

International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior 29 29 The IMPRS for Brain & Behavior is a cooperation between the Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) in Bonn.

Bonn International Graduate School of Drug Sciences (BIGS DrugS) 6 6 Home to an international community of talented biomedical scientists, BIGS DrugS is the hub for doctoral candidates from pharma research institutes within the University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Faculty of Medicine.

BIGS Immunoscience and Infection A structured, three-year doctoral program, IITB is offered in conjunction with the ImmunoSensation Cluster at the University of Bonn.

Doctoral candidates in the field of agriculture may choose to study through the Faculty of Agriculture’s Theodor Brinkmann Graduate School or earn their degree through the University of Bonn’s Center for Development Research.

Agriculture Programs

Bonn International Graduate School for Land and Food (BIGS Land and Food)  Founded in 2008, the Brinkmann School is home to master's and doctoral candidates in the Faculty of Agriculture, combining research with an interdisciplinary study program.

Bonn International Graduate School for Development Research (BIGS-DR) 12 Part of the University of Bonn’s Center for Development Research 59 , BIGS-DR trains researchers for an international career in development cooperation, policy or research through a combination of academic study and intensive tutorship.

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• PhD Global Health

The structured PhD program Global Health at the Charité is a collaboration between seven partnering institutions. It aims to train excellent scientists for leadership positions in global health. The program imparts an interdisciplinary  perspective on health and a sensitivity to inter-cultural factors affecting health.

Applications are accepted from June 20 to August 20, 2024!

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• Academic Programs .
• PhD Programs .

Key Facts - PhD Global Health

Seven collaborating partners in Berlin

• Enrollment at the Charité
• Language of instruction is English
• University degree conferred: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Standard period of study 3 years / 6 semesters

• 30 ECTS course work
• 150 ECTS scientific research work (dissertation)

Admission of 15 doctoral candidates per year

• Eligibility requirements are a master’s degree or equivalent
• Application period 2024 TBA
• First PhD Cohort starting October 2024

The structured PhD Global Health is tuition free

Cooperating Partners - PhD Global Health

The structured PhD Global Health is a joint doctoral program hosted at the Charité. It brings together the outstanding expertise in Global Health of the following seven cooperating partners (in alphabetical order):

• Charité -  Universitätsmedizin Berlin
• Freie Universität Berlin (FU)
• Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU)
• Robert Koch-Institut (RKI)
• Technische Universität Berlin (TU)
• Universität Potsdam
• Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB)

PhD candidates are enrolled at the Charité. The degree awarded upon completion of the three year program is PhD in Global Health. The program requires participants to complete 30 ECTS of coursework divided over the 6 semesters and work on a research project (equivalent to 150 ECTS / 5 Semesters) that will result in publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals (doctorate by publication). The program concludes with an oral defense.

The thematic focus of the doctoral program is based on the health-relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The topics we wish to address include communicable and non-communicable diseases, the prevention and control of disease outbreaks, global health security, migration and health, universal health coverage, the role of climate and the environment as determinants of health, One Health, governance and health policy, health economics, community engagement as well as digitalization in healthcare. The doctoral program approaches research topics from an interdisciplinary perspective and incorporates a variety of methodological and conceptual approaches. Through the close exchange between teachers, supervisors and doctoral students, we support the critical examination of institutional and political constellations in the field of global health.

Modes of Study

The PhD Global Health seeks to develop expertise around the globe. We hope to provide prospective students with modes of participation that match their needs and their lifestyles, regardless of where they are from. You can chose to relocate to Berlin for the program or you can stay in your home country and travel to Berlin to participate in coursework and for temporary research stays.

Sandwich PhD

• The sandwich PhD allows you to conduct research in your home country under the co-supervision of researchers from the Cooperating Partners and your home institution.
• Sandwich doctorates limit the time spent in Berlin to research stays of 3 months or less while completing coursework.
• This path requires you to secure funding for travel to and from Berlin but is often more convenient for non-EU candidates as it reduces overall costs and eases visa requirements.

Berlin-based PhD

• The Berlin-based PhD allows you to live in Berlin and expects you to travel for field research, research exchanges or conferences. This path is often more convenient for EU candidates.

What is Global Health?

Global Health is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field dedicated to addressing health challenges on a global scale. Focused on promoting well-being, preventing diseases, and improving healthcare access for all , it transcends national borders to tackle complex health issues that affect diverse populations worldwide. Global Health professionals work collaboratively to understand and address the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health, striving to create equitable and sustainable solutions.

From infectious diseases to non-communicable illnesses, Global Health emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, research, and policy development to build resilient healthcare systems and foster a healthier future for communities across the globe.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) guide the major themes of  PhD Global Health program. Program participants are encouraged to approach their research from conceptually and methodologically innovative perspectives. The topics to be addressed include communicable and non-communicable diseases, pandemic intelligence, monitoring, surveillance and prevention, migration and health, universal health coverage, the role of climate and environment as determinants of health, One Health, governance and health policy, as well as digitalization and health. The PhD Global Health aims to approach research from an interdisciplinary perspective, incorporating a variety of methodological and conceptual approaches. Close exchanges between faculty, supervisors and doctoral candidates encourage critical thinking and innovation in Global Health.

A PhD in Global Health opens the door to a myriad of impactful and diverse career prospects at the intersection of healthcare, research, and policy. Graduates are well-equipped to take on leadership roles in international organizations, governmental agencies, non-profit institutions, and academic settings. As researchers, they contribute to advancing our understanding of global health challenges, developing innovative interventions, and shaping evidence-based policies. Professionals with a PhD in Global Health may also engage in fieldwork, implementing health programs and strategies in diverse communities around the world. Additionally, opportunities exist in academia, where individuals can contribute to the education and mentorship of the next generation of global health leaders. With a unique skill set that combines research, critical thinking, and cross-cultural understanding , those with a PhD in Global Health are poised to make a meaningful impact on global healthcare disparities and contribute to the development of sustainable and equitable health systems worldwide.

• Doctoral studies
• Admission with an FH degree possible
• Admission with a Bachelor's degree possible
• in english possible
• in other foreign language possible
• Collaborative dissertation (groupwork) possible
• Cumulative possible
• Doctoral Studies
• Preparing for a doctoral degree
• Admission requirements

Admission requirements for doctoral degrees

If you hold a university degree then you already have the most important prerequisite for embarking on a doctoral programme. Your intended doctoral project should usually be linked to your degree subject. You will usually have to meet other criteria too, for example evidence of an above-average mark in your final exams or very good language skills. The prerequisites for admission to a doctoral programme will be explained in the doctoral regulations of the institution in question.

Admission requirements depend on the degree you obtained

If you have a degree from a German institution , the admission requirements will largely depend on the degree you obtained from a university, a college of the arts, or a university of applied sciences.

Under certain conditions you can also enrol on a doctoral programme at a German university if you have a degree from a foreign institution. Universities decide at their own discretion whether to recognise international degrees .

German degrees

If you have a German master's degree, Magister, Diplom or Staatsexamen, you are entitled to enrol on a doctoral programme.

Foreign degrees

Under certain conditions you can enrol on a doctoral programme at a German university if you have a degree from a foreign institution.

Exceptionally qualified holders of a bachelor's degree can also be accepted for doctoral programmes under certain conditions. Most universities offer a fast-track option which allows you to obtain a master's degree at the same time as your doctoral degree. Each university defines its own criteria for the level of qualification needed.

There are basically two types of fast-track doctoral degree. At some universities, doctoral candidates must complete their studies for a master's degree in parallel to their doctoral degree, in other words obtain a master's degree, while at other universities this is not mandatory.

It is advisable to choose a fast-track doctoral degree with integrated master's degree.

Cotutelle - joint doctoral degree with a foreign institution

It is also possible to obtain a doctoral degree in international doctoral programmes or through a cooperation agreement with a foreign institution. In this case a written agreement is required in which the faculties undertake to make a joint doctoral degree possible and define the details of the joint doctoral process. The doctoral degree is awarded jointly by the participating institutions.

The individual usually receives a joint doctoral diploma from both institutions and in both languages. Instead of one joint diploma, two individual diplomas can also be issued, one from each university. The individual diplomas clearly indicate that the degree is the result of a binational doctoral process. Recipients of such a doctorate are entitled to use the German title of doctor in Germany and the foreign title of doctor in the other country. In third countries, only one of the two titles may be used. A binational doctorate does not entitle an individual to use both titles at the same time.

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• Study in Germany /

PhD in Germany

• Updated on  
• Dec 2, 2023

With its unparalleled focus on research, innovation, and development, Germany offers innumerable opportunities to individuals not only in STEM courses , but also in social sciences , humanities , and languages. Further, colleges in Germany are known for their outstanding faculty, internationally recognized curriculum as well as bright career prospects both in enterprises and research organisations. Be it Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, or Cologne, German cities serve as hubs for manufacturing, international business and finance sectors and housing headquarters of several giant companies. If you are interested in pursuing a PhD in Germany, this blog will help in breaking down its process.

This Blog Includes:

Why study for a phd in germany, types of phd courses in germany, academic session, phd in germany: admission requirements, phd in germany: admission process, writing your research proposal, top universities for phd in germany, cost of studying phd in germany, phd in germany with scholarships, visa process for international students to germany, can i work in germany after my phd, work opportunities, salaries after phd in germany.

The PhD study in Germany epitomizes the country’s mastery of higher education. Let us examine the advantages of studying PhD programs in Germany in further depth:

Free Adult Education: In terms of higher education, Germany has distinguished itself. It offers free education to both domestic and international students. Compared to other international colleges, it only costs a student 310 EUR to cover the semester as well as travel expenses.

Immensely well infrastructure and facilities: After the United Kingdom and the United States, Germany has been ranked as the world’s third finest education destination, and its amenities reflect this. A multitude of non-university research groups contributes to high-quality Ph.D. education at German institutions.

PhD in Germany with Scholarship: Germany values all students’ knowledge, and as a result, they never allow anyone to stop researching due to a lack of funds. There are organizations whose major goal is to offer enough funding to ensure that the informed are loved eternally.

In Germany, there are two broad categories into which PhD courses are divided, namely, individual doctorate programs and structured PhD degrees. Read the following to know more:

Individual Doctorates [3 to 5 Years] Considered the most favourable choice for a PhD in Germany, an individual doctorate also called the traditional PhD is a more direct method of gaining a doctoral qualification. The process of application involves approaching a potential professor or supervisor who is teaching at the university directly, demonstrating how one’s research interests align with the professor, and asking whether he is willing to act as a supervisor. Typically, this process requires a considerable amount of effort and time as it involves finding the right professor, proving that one’s experiences in prior degrees and experiences make him the right candidate, and submission of a research proposal, among other steps. In a traditional PhD, learners have to submit a doctoral thesis focusing more on the research and an oral presentation and examination of their work testing their wider knowledge in the field.

Structured PhD Degrees [3 to 5 Years] An individual opting for a structured PhD in Germany undertakes research work as part of a group of doctoral students who are guided by a team of supervisors. Structured PhD degree admissions and application process is done through online portals of universities such as DAAD. The curriculum may involve interdisciplinary studies along with an emphasis on scientific tools and techniques, and interpersonal skills.   As far as a structured PhD is concerned, students need to complete several mandatory units to achieve 180 to 240 ECTS credits that are essentially required in doctoral studies. They will be assessed on their understanding of course content delivered in seminars and lectures, besides submitting their thesis and completing the oral exams.

If you plan to study in Germany , your academic year will typically comprise 2 semesters – Wintersemester which runs from October 1 to March 31 with Christmas and Easter break; and Sommersemester which runs from April 1 to September 30 with breaks from July to September.

For pursuing a PhD in Germany, the documents to be submitted remain more or less the same throughout the universities in Germany. However, there can be some exceptions. Following are the required things you can’t miss while applying for a PhD:

• Materials to be submitted at the time of application include aptitude scores like GRE or GMAT and  English-language proficiency scores of IELTS or TOEFL , research proposal, SOP , LOR , and CV, amongst others. However, these requirements vary from university to university.
• Sometimes, traditional PhDs may require you to write a thesis in Germany, thus you may need to prove your German-language proficiency through TestDaF or DSH.

A strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest is a major prerequisite while applying for a PhD in Germany. As for the application process is concerned, the individual doctorate route is quite straightforward and requires a direct approach to potential supervisors. On the other hand, for a structured doctorate, one is required to apply through official university portals.

• Once you have supplied the documents highlighted above, the doctoral committee you are applying to will confirm your eligibility to pursue a PhD in Germany.
• A personal interview may also be part of the application process. This is typically conducted by the supervising board for the program. You can refer to our blog on DAAD Scholarshipfunding as well as admission-related information.

A staple part of the application process both for individual and structured PhD in Germany is the submission of a well-curated, coherent and concise research proposal. A research proposal is a document that outlines your research interests, at what points they match with those of your potential supervisors, and what you intend to study and work under the guide. More often than not, applicants do not devote as much time as required to writing a proposal that underlines their achievements as well as what it doesn’t involve. It is important to not sway away from the research topic. Apart from including only the relevant details, it is important to make sure that errors and mistakes have not crept in. Getting it checked by your current professors and mentors is also an option worth considering. 

Germany is home to some of the top institutions in the world, known to offer quality education, scientific discoveries, and technology. Below listed are the top universities to pursue a PhD in Germany:

Note: This list is for indicative purposes and is not exhaustive. While some PhD courses in Germany are available throughout the year, others are offered based on the number of vacancies and the semester chosen. 

Some Other German Universities to Consider

• Heidelberg University
• Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
• University of Freiburg
• University of Tübingen
• Free University of Berlin

When it comes to studying for a PhD at public universities in Germany, there is no tuition fee charged to international students but you will be required to pay certain administrative costs which range from €150-€200 [roughly 13,100 INR-17,600 INR] (per semester administration fee). However, you will also have to keep the living expenses in mind while applying for a PhD in Germany as the living costs can vary largely from one city to another. While applying for the German student visa, you will be required to provide proof of sufficient funds of €10,236 [roughly 8,94,000 INR] as well. You can also use our exclusive Cost of Living Calculator to estimate your living costs and also check out our blog on the cost of studying in Germany to get an overview of the major expenses you can expect while pursuing higher education in Germany.

Explore the popular German Scholarships for PhD Programs !

To continue your studies in Germany, you will require a student visa. There are two categories of student visas:

• Schengen Visa: Permits you to take a 90-day course in Germany specifically.Visa Fee: 60 EUR 
• National Visa: This allows you to stay in Germany for more than 90 days; you must also obtain a residency permit.
• VISA Fee: 75 EUR
• Working in Germany after completing a PhD is governed by nationality.
• Students from the EU and EEA will not require a work visa. You will have the same career opportunities as German citizens.
• Students from outside the EU and EEA can prolong their stay for up to 18 months to look for jobs connected to their studies.

As an international student, you are permitted to work 120 full days or 240 half days every year while studying for a PhD in Germany. In case you plan to work for longer than this, then you need to seek permission from the Foreigner’s Registration Office and Local Employment Agency. The student is sometimes employed by the university under student assistants or teaching appointments. The salary depends on the hours spent supervising the library, researching literature, and demonstrating or leading tutorials.

Ans. The majority of German institutions do not charge tuition for PhD programmes, and financing is available from numerous government agencies, research groups, and other organisations.

Ans. A PhD professor typically earns a gross monthly salary of between 4,00,000 and 5,300,000 euros (INR 4 lakh and 5.3 lakhs). Do German PhD students receive compensation? Yes, PhD students may be paid in Germany thanks to the PhD Stipend.

Ans. In Germany, getting a PhD is a little more challenging than getting a bachelor’s or master’s degree. This is mostly due to the fact that PhDs are offered in Germany by both accredited businesses operating in the industrial sector and universities.

Thus, building a successful career in Research needs hard work, dedication, and the right guidance. If you are planning to pursue a PhD in Germany or at any other study abroad destination but are not sure how to go about it, then Leverage Edu can guide you through the process. Right from the application to the arrangement of funding, the counsellors will assist at every step. and beyond so that you can take a step towards building a rewarding career.

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Hi, The article is very crisp and informative. Well i would like to introduce myself as a curious learner and aim to pursue Ph.D from Germany for which i am looking for insight and guidance.

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PhD in Germany: Top Universities, Admissions 2024-25, Fees, Scholarships

Veda Burman

| Updated On - Apr 30, 2024

Germany Admissions 2024, Latest Alerts

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The top PhD universities in Germany do not charge any tuition fee from international students. You might need to pay a semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) to pursue PhD courses in Germany. After completing a PhD degree in Germany, graduates annually earn an average salary of 69,000 EUR (61.43 lakhs INR).

Best Universities in Germany for PhD

Germany is a center for higher education, with few top-ranked yet affordable institutions offering doctoral programs. Some top PhD universities in Germany and their corresponding details are as follows:

Why Study PhD in Germany?

• In Germany, a majority of the PhD programs are tuition free, at least for the first 6 semesters. The German government sponsors these programs. You will only need to pay a minimal semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR).
• According to UNESCO, Germany has enrolled over 28,000 Indian students including PhD scholars every year, higher than any other EU member state.
• Germany allows students to pursue doctoral programs without a masters degree. Students with a bachelors degree can directly pursue doctoral studies in Germany with satisfactory eligibility criteria.
• As a student, you can work for 120 full-days or 240 half days per year to earn extra pocket money.

PhD in Germany Admissions

The admission requirements for doctorate in Germany vary based on the chosen university and subject. The common requirement for PhD in Germany eligibility criteria for international students are listed below:

• Diploma, Magister, or Master’s degree with above-average aggregate from a recognized university
• At least 2.5 GPA in German grading system or B+ overall grade
• IELTS: 7.0 (with 6.5 in each band)
• TOEFL iBT: 80 - 100
• German language proficiency proof: TestDaf: Level 4
• GRE: 160 overall score or above
• Germany student visa

PhD in Germany Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for admission to the PhD programs in various German universities are as follows:

PhD in Germany Cost

The German universities do not charge any tuition fee for PhD programs. You might need to pay a semester fee between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) across some universities. Besides, you can estimate to spend around 850 EUR per month as the cost of living in Germany . Following are some top-ranked universities and their respective fees:

PhD in Germany Scholarships

Although the doctoral programs in Germany are fully funded, candidates are still required to make the ends meet and bear the living costs. Therefore, such candidates may look forward to the following scholarships in Germany :

PhD in Germany Salary

Students with PhD in Germany secure an average salary of 69,000 EUR per annum. The average salary of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) ranges between 45,000 to 94,000 EUR per annum. Doctor of Science (DS) degree holders annually earn between 42,000 to 120,000 EUR. The average salary of doctoral candidates pursuing jobs in Germany according to their levels of experience are as follows:

Note: The stage duration (time spent) of each of the 6 levels of experience increases by 1 year per stage. The contractual term at first level is at least 12 months with no interruption.

PhD in Germany is pursued by international students for a combination of benefits. The top public universities in Germany offer tuition-free education, removing the financial burden from students. You can get research opportunities from industry experts in Germany. After completing education, you can get employed as research associate for Postdoc positions in German higher education institutions.

Ques. Is it free to do PhD in Germany for Indian students?

Ans . Yes. The public universities in Germany offer PhD programs without any tuition fees. The universities might charge a minimal semester fee to Indian students. You can estimate to pay between 100 and 325 EUR (8,900 to 28,930 INR) as semester fees in the German universities for pursuing a PhD program.

Ques. Do PhD students get paid in Germany?

Ans . Yes, some German universities provide financial support to PhD students through grants, stipends, and scholarships. You can also pursue part-time jobs while pursuing PhD, with permission from your university to earn some pocket money.

Ques. How many years is a PhD in Germany?

Ans . PhD programs in Germany can be around 5 years long or more. However, PhD in Germany is available within 3 years span across some universities. According to experts, the average time taken for PhD in Germany ranges between 3 and 4 years.

Ques. Is it easy to get PhD in Germany?

Ans . No. PhD in Germany requires you to be involved in research and activities on a particular subject or multiple subjects. The entry requirements for PhD programs in Germany for international students vary with the university and specialization. The most important requirements for admission to PhD in Germany are as follows:

• IELTS : 7.0 (with 6.5 in each band)
• German Proficiency proof: TestDaf: Level 4
• GRE Score: 160 overall score or above
• Germany Student Visa

Ques. Is a PhD in Germany taught in German?

Ans . PhD in Germany is taught in both the languages, German and English. You can choose the university and specialisation, based on the proficiency of language. If possible, German language proficiency is recommended to enhance your chances of securing admission to your dream university.

Ques. Can I pursue PhD in Germany without a Master’s degree?

Ans . PhD in Germany can be pursued by exceptionally performing Bachelor’s degree graduates. Moreover, candidates possessing an international Graduate Diploma with 2.5 or more GPA may also apply.

Ques. Is German PhD valid in India?

Ans . Yes. PhD degrees offered by prestigious universities in Germany are valid in India. You can pursue a faculty post in the Indian universities with a PhD from Germany. You can also look for postdoc opportunities or suitable employment opportunities for you with a PhD from Germany.

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Ph.D scholarships in Germany for International students 2024-2025

Find Ph.D scholarships for international students to study in Germany 2024-2025.

Hertie School Doctoral Programme in Governance for International Students 2024

With a PhD obtained in Doctoral Programme in Governance, students are at the cutting edge of social science knowledge in a field that has emerged as one of the most important and dynamic fields of inquiry. It brings together perspectives from economics, political science, law, and sociology, an

Published: 19 Dec 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 01 Feb 2024

DAAD Research Grants – Short-Term Grants for Doctoral and Postdocs Candidates 2024

DAAD grants for doctoral candidates and young scientists and academics wishing to carry out research and continue their education in Germany for up to 6 months The primary aim of this programme is to promote research projects within the context of doctoral programmes. The scholarships are funded

Published: 06 Nov 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Mar 2024

DAAD 2023 Research Grants – Doctoral Programmes in Germany for Young Foreign Academics

DAAD research grants provide young foreign academics and scientists with an opportunity to carry out research and continue their education in Germany. There are funding programmes for various qualification phases and stages in a career. The grants also promote the exchange of experience and networki

Published: 05 Sep 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 20 Oct 2023

University Of Bonn 2023 BIGS-DR Doctoral Scholarship Program for Developing Countries

The Bonn International Graduate School for Development Research (BIGS-DR) is the doctoral program at ZEF. BIGS-DR is part of a group of international graduate programs at the University of Bonn, a graduate framework that maintains the highest level of academic quality. There are two way

Published: 09 May 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 31 Aug 2023

Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) 2024 Fellowships for Doctoral Students, Germany

These are open to PhD students from Germany and abroad who have at least a Masters level degree in history, theology or another discipline which works historically. They must have been pursuing their doctorate for no more than three years at the time of the appliaction deadline, substantiated except

Published: 04 Apr 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Aug 2023

Beyond Borders 2023 Scholarships for Different Stages of Ph.D. Research, Germany

Beyond Borders invite applications from Ph.D. students worldwide studying borders and bordering phenomena in different regions of the world for Beyond Borders Scholarships. BEYOND BORDERS supports research about borders and boundaries in past and present times. It promotes interdiscipli

Published: 16 Apr 2024 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: Not Specified

Beyond Borders 2023 PhD Scholarships

Beyond Borders’ invites applications from Ph.D. students worldwide studying borders and bordering phenomena in different regions of the world.  The Call for Scholarship Applications 2022 is open till 1 March 2022 and focuses on “Borders, Migration and Knowledge. ‘Beyond Bor

Published: 22 Feb 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 01 Mar 2023

Universität Hamburg 2023 Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School of Law

The structured PhD programme of the Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School of Law welcomes applications of graduates from both legal studies and other disciplines who are keen to produce ambitious doctoral work in an excellent research environment.

Published: 13 Feb 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Feb 2023

University of Bonn 2023 Argelander Scholarships for Doctoral Candidates from Developing Countries

Applications are open for the Argelander Scholarships for doctoral candidates from universities in the Global South. The aim is to provide funding for doctoral candidates from countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia in order to promote scientific exchange with partners, particularly in region

Published: 18 Jan 2023 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 01 May 2023

DAAD 2023 Graduate School Scholarship Program for PhD Students

The Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS) invites applications for 2 scholarships for international doctoral researchers in its new Graduate School Scholarship Program “Global Dynamics of Social Policy and Social Cohesion” (GSPSC), funded by the 

Published: 07 Dec 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 23 Jan 2023

DIW Berlin 2023 FULLY FUNDED 5 Years PhD Scholarship (Germany)

DIW Berlin 2023 FULLY FUNDED 5 Years PhD Scholarship Germany. is open for International Students . The scholarship allows PhD level programm(s) in the field of Economics, Business studies taught at German Institute for Economic Research . The deadline of the scholarship is 12 Feb 2023. DIW B

Published: 23 Nov 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 12 Feb 2023

University Of Hamburg 2023 PhD Scholarship (Germany)

Are you seeking doctoral funding? The University of Hamburg offers doctoral scholarships and grants of up to € 1.200 to (prospective) doctoral candidates studying at the University of Hamburg. 

Published: 21 Nov 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: Not Specified

Freie University Berlin China Scholarship Council Doctoral Awards in Germany 2023

One highly successful example of the university’s efforts to recruit qualified junior scientists and scholars is its work with the China Scholarship Council (CSC). As part of a special program sponsored by the Chinese government, the CSC awards about 6,000 foreign scholarships each year to Chi

Published: 17 Nov 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Jan 2023

University Of Hamburg - Doctoral Scholarships in Germany, 2022

Doctoral scholarships at Universität Hamburg Are you seeking doctoral funding? The University of Hamburg offers doctoral scholarships and grants of up to € 1.200 to (prospective) doctoral candidates studying at the University of Hamburg. We are happy to assist you with any

Published: 16 Nov 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 02 Dec 2022

University of Bayreuth 2023 BIGSAS-Scholarships for African Women Scholars (Germany)

BIGSAS has been awarded two scholarships within the Graduate School Scholarship Programme (GSSP) by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for which BIGSAS will nominate candidates who have successfully passed the application procedure.  BIGSAS provides a centre for creative a

Published: 01 Nov 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Dec 2022

Are you seeking doctoral funding? The University of Hamburg offers doctoral scholarships and grants of up to € 1.200 to (prospective) doctoral candidates studying at the University of Hamburg. We are happy to assist you with any questions regarding our scholarship!

Published: 03 Oct 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: Not Specified

DAAD United Nations University 2022 Doctoral Research Scholarship for Researchers

The United Nations University (UNU) is an international community of scholars engaged in policy-oriented research, capacity development and dissemination of knowledge in furthering the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The mission of UNU is to contribute, through research

Published: 05 Jul 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 10 Jul 2022

Universität Leipzig 2023 Joint MA & PhD Peace and Security in Africa Scholarships for African Students

Be part of a unique transnational MA & PhD experience in which you graduate from two prestigious universities in Africa and Europe. Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia and Leipzig University in Germany jointly offer a two year MA program AND a three year PhD Program that

Published: 18 May 2022 Type: PhD Study in: Germany Deadline: 15 Feb 2023

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A doctorate is the highest academic degree that a university can award. In Germany, studying for a doctorate primarily means  working intensely on a specific subject or research project  for a long period of time. It typically takes five to six years to obtain a doctorate, though the length of time can vary.

How to obtain a PhD in Germany

If you decide to do a doctorate, you can choose between different forms of study. Depending on your discipline, research area, personal circumstances and formal qualifications, there are two different paths:

• Individual doctorate The individual doctorate is based on independent research carried out alone under the supervision of one professor. This is the traditional path followed by over three quarters of all doctoral students in Germany.
• Structured PhD programmes These programmes offer a form of study similar to that found in English-speaking countries. You will be supervised by a team and will attend courses, lectures and seminars together with other doctoral students. Normally, such programmes are publicly advertised and often feature grants or paid doctoral positions.

Individual doctorate

DAAD/Jan Zappner

The "traditional" or "individual" path to a PhD remains the  most common in Germany. An individual doctorate involves a thesis or dissertation that is produced under the  supervision of one professor .

This form of PhD study offers a great deal of  flexibility , but also demands a  high degree of personal initiative and responsibility . A professor supervises a PhD student, who works on his or her subject in consultation with the professor, but  largely independently .

How long a traditional individual doctorate takes depends on your own time schedule – or on the duration of your work contract. On average, you can expect it to take five to six years . Although a university is normally responsible for the doctoral process, you can also carry out your research at other institutions.

Depending on your subject, research area and interests, you can choose whether to work on a research project and your PhD at a university or non-university research institute – or indeed in industry. However, no matter where you conduct your research, a professor will always supervise your PhD.

You can obtain a doctorate by pursuing research:

• at a university
• at a non-university research institute or
• in a German company

PhD at a university

The "typical" PhD student in Germany works – usually part-time – as a  research associate  at his or her university. Although research is generally part of the job description, most of the associate’s own doctoral research usually has to be carried out outside working hours. How closely teaching, research and/or administrative duties are actually tied into the doctoral student’s own research depends very much on the individual situation.

PhD at a non-university research institute

Non-university research establishments – such as the  Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft ,  Helmholtz Association ,  Leibniz Association  and  Max Planck Society  – offer an excellent research environment in which to conduct your research. These institutions do not have the right to award doctorates themselves, but collaborate with universities for that purpose. They offer PhD students  scholarships and/or (usually fixed-term) contracts of employment  – or a combination of the two. However, support is also possible in the form of regular research posts, which are especially typical of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the Max Planck Society.

PhD in industry

Graduates who decide to work in industry and study for a doctorate part-time – often with funding and support from their employer – also need a university professor to supervise their research. In some cases, the employer will already be collaborating with a university or research institute and can help the PhD student find the right supervisor.

People who have PhD research posts within a company usually have part-time temporary contracts and work on a research project that allows them to pursue their doctoral research under the supervision of a professor. When a university and an industrial company collaborate in specially established institutes, doctoral researchers usually work on their projects with their professor and a supervisor from the company.

More information:

Find your individual doctorate 

The traditional individual path to a doctorate remains the most common in Germany. In this case, the doctoral student works for the most part independently on their thesis, though in consultation with their supervising professor.

Structured PhD programmes

DAAD/Volker Lannert

Structured doctoral programmes often have a  strong international orientation  with English as the team language. Unlike the individual doctorate model that can be freely structured to suit the individual research project, here doctoral students and their research proposals have to fit in with an existing PhD programme.

The doctorate frequently entails a  clearly structured doctoral study   programme  with compulsory attendance at lectures or seminars and interim assessment (credit points). The programme frequently also covers  academic and scientific methods or soft skills , such as presentation techniques.

As a rule, PhD Students work steadily at realising their research project within the team and with intensive  support from a group of academic staff  (often referred to as the “thesis committee”).

The duration of your studies is generally   limited to three to five years, and there is usually a fixed curriculum within which you work toward your doctorate and write your thesis.

Find your structured PhD programme

Though no database containing all structured PhD programmes in Germany is available yet, we can point you in the direction of databases that will help you find what you are looking for nonetheless, where to obtain information about eligibility requirements and how to apply.

Check out our brochure:

Doing a phd in germany (2019, 40 pages).

This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.

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DAAD Scholarship Germany: Requirement & Eligibility for Indian Students

• Updated On June 18, 2024
• Published In General

Did you know that the number of Indian students in Germany has doubled in the last five years? As of 2023, the count was approximately 42,578!

Table of Contents

Do you also dream of joining the growing number of students studying abroad? If yes, the DAAD scholarship in Germany is the good news you sought. 

Suppose you have always envisioned yourself being part of a throbbing international university with state-of-the-art facilities. Still, the tuition fee has seemed like a blocker. In that case, you can leave that worry behind with the DAAD scholarship to support your dream of studying in Germany.

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) annually helps more than 1,00,000 German and international students and researchers worldwide. It’s the largest organisation in the world regarding funding and might also be your ticket to studying abroad! The funding comes from both the European Union and the Federal Government.

The best part? Studying with DAAD offers a gateway to Germany, the world’s third-largest economy . It opens up numerous opportunities after completing your studies. 

So, are you excited about studying in Germany on a scholarship ? If so, this guide is a goldmine of answers. It will walk you through all the details about the DAAD scholarship in Germany – requirements, eligibility, and more. Dive in for more information. 

Key Highlights

In Germany, India ranks as the first source of foreign postgraduate students, following China, with about 43,000 Indian students currently enrolled in various educational institutions. If you still face financial constraints or want a funded program for a less stressful academic life, the DAAD Scholarship in Germany can help. 

Mentioned below is a summary of everything covered in this blog. 

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What is DAAD and can it help you study in Germany?

DAAD stands for Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, which translates to “German Academic Exchange Service.” It has existed since 1925 and helps bridge the gap between universities worldwide , making it easier for students and researchers to connect and collaborate across borders.

The Story Behind the DAAD Motto

In 1925, Carl Joachim Friedrich, a Social and Political Studies student at Heidelberg University, organised scholarships for German students, which led to the founding of the Academic Exchange Service (previously AAD) . Initially focused on Social and Political Studies, the AAD expanded to all academic disciplines and moved to Berlin.

By 1928, the AAD had strengthened academic ties with France, and for decades after that, the organisation continued to grow across borders, aiding international educational exchange. For instance, after the 2004 tsunami in southern and southeastern Asia, the DAAD provided INR 3.63 crores to help affected students continue their studies.

In 2008, DAAD launched the “A New Passage to India” initiative to enhance academic relations between Germany and India. Hence, started the long run of DAAD scholarships in Germany for Indian students.

DAAD’s motto is all about “Change by Exchange.” They believe that when people and ideas swap places, it creates understanding between countries and individuals. This understanding, they say, is critical to building peace. 

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DAAD Scholarship Funding Opportunities by Different Organisations

Getting a full scholarship that covers all your living expenses in Germany sounds impressive, right? You might think, “Can Indians apply for the DAAD scholarship?” The excellent news is, yes! You are also eligible for a DAAD scholarship in Germany if you’re from India!

That said, knowing about the types of organisations offering DAAD scholarships is essential. Check them out now!

• Socially Oriented Organisations (like the Christiane Nusslein-Volhard Foundation)
• Research Institutions (like the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation)
• Party Affiliated Foundations (like the Heinrich-Böll Stiftung)
• Corporate Foundations
• Student Organisations
• Federal States
• Denominational Organisations

Important Dates and Deadlines for DAAD Scholarship in Germany

Each year, the application deadlines for the DAAD scholarship in Germany are updated during the second quarter and generally align with dates from the previous year. The intake occurs every two years – the next intake is in 2026.  

Here is the crucial information regarding scholarship applications and deadlines:

Please note: Application procedures may vary depending on the scholarship program.

DAAD Scholarship in Germany Eligibility Criteria

Did you know that the DAAD Scholarship in Germany offers 181 scholarships for international students ? Well, DAAD does not just fund study scholarships but also research projects, doctoral studies, visitor stays, summer programs, and many other short-term and long-term opportunities. 

However, it is essential to note that not all scholarship programs are open for Indian students. There are about 25 DAAD scholarships in Germany for Indian students. While the eligibility criteria tremendously vary as per the program, here are a few basic requirements for DAAD scholarships that you must fulfil.

• Age: DAAD scholarships generally do not have a set age limit. However, some specific programs may have age requirements if an international partner requests. That being said, most scholarships require that you haven’t been out of school for too long since the last degree was earned . 
• Proof of language proficiency: The language requirements differ depending on the course you wish to apply for. The minimum requirement (in most cases) to apply for a DAAD scholarship in Germany is tabulated below.

• Work Experience: A minimum of 2 years of work experience is required for research work, and teaching/graduate assistantship.

Do not forget: You must also fulfil all the requirements of the study program you’re applying for in order to study in Germany with a DAAD scholarship.

Different Types of DAAD Scholarships in Germany 

DAAD scholarships primarily target graduates, doctoral students, and postdoctoral researchers. They support study and research visits to both universities and non-university research institutions in Germany. Some programs also fund internships. 

DAAD also offers Research Grants, and one-year grants to doctoral candidates from nearly all countries. Entire doctoral program grants in Germany are primarily awarded to deserving students from developing countries. 

Furthermore, students and doctoral candidates facing the risk of being deprived of educational or other rights in their home country can apply for a DAAD scholarship in Germany through the Hilde Domin Programme. You cannot apply directly but must be nominated by a legal organisation based in Germany. Once nominated, the DAAD will contact you and invite you to apply via the application portal.

DAAD operates 3 Information Points in India, located in Bangalore, Pune, and Chennai, along with one Regional Office situated in New Delhi. 

With so many things explained at length about the DAAD scholarship in Germany, let’s now summarise the scholarships available based on different education levels.

DAAD Scholarship in Germany for Undergraduate Students

Currently, there are no DAAD scholarships available for Indian students seeking to pursue Bachelor’s studies in Germany . However, there are some non-degree options to explore. The eligibility for the DAAD Scholarship in Germany for undergraduate courses requires you must be pursuing a bachelor’s degree, with the subject depending on the specific program.

These programs are typically 2-3 months long . Scholarships for a longer duration funded by DAAD typically start after graduation. 

Here are the top 3 scholarship programs for undergraduate students to use DAAD funds for internships or language courses in Germany.

• University Summer Courses Offered in Germany for Foreign Students and Graduates

This scholarship program aims to enhance knowledge of the German language (general and technical) and regional studies.

Who can apply?

• Students in undergraduate and master’s degree programs in all disciplines.
• Undergraduate students must have completed at least two academic years before the scholarship period starts.
• One-time scholarship payment of € 1,134 (INR 1L).
• Health, accident and personal liability insurance benefits.
• Practical Traineeships for Foreign Students of Natural and Technical Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry (IAESTE)

The traineeship program helps improve its participants’ professional qualifications, practical skills, and intercultural competencies.

You can apply for this scholarship if you are a student of Natural and Technical Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry from member or non-member countries of IAESTE. The International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience (IAESTE) is a global non-profit organisation. It mainly offers internships in STEM fields but also expands to other fields like marketing, management, and languages.

Benefit: Interns are paid € 934 (INR 85k a month).

• Working Internships in Science and Engineering (WISE)

This program specifically targets Indian students studying science and engineering who want to undertake a research internship at a publicly funded German university or research institute.

You can apply for this scholarship if you:

• Are enrolled in Indian institutions that are AICTE approved, NAAC accredited, MHRD evaluated, or Institutes of National Importance (INI).
• Are studying in the broad fields of engineering, mathematics, and natural sciences. 
• Are in the 5th or 6th academic semester of a 4-year Bachelor’s program or the 5th, 6th, 7th, or 8th academic semester of a 5-year integrated or dual degree (Bachelor-Master) program?
• Have previously not received the WISE scholarship.

Benefit: A 2 to 3-month research stay taking place between May and August.

DAAD Scholarship for Masters in Germany for Indian Students

Climate change, species extinction, displacement, poverty, and epidemics affect us all, and industrial nations are often the major contributors to these issues. Recent migration movements have highlighted how crises in distant regions can directly impact Western countries. Globally networked researchers and academics must collaborate to find solutions to these challenges . 

Academic exchange is essential for Germany’s scientific community to play a significant role in this process, which is why many DAAD scholarships in Germany, particularly at the master’s level, focus on fields like the arts, public policy, and engineering . 

While each scholarship program has specific requirements, DAAD scholarship requirements for masters typically require completion of a bachelor’s degree before the funding period begins. 

Unlike at the bachelor’s level, Indian students are eligible for various DAAD scholarships when pursuing a master’s degree in Germany. This section highlights the best DAAD scholarship for masters in Germany for Indian Students that aims to encourage research in developmental areas. Have a look.

• Combined Study and Practise Stays for Engineers from Indian IITs

This scholarship program presents a unique opportunity for highly motivated students enrolled in Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) to work on a project for their master’s thesis with guidance from a German professor at one of the TU9 technical universities.

About the TU9: The TU9 is a prestigious alliance of 9 leading German universities renowned for their exceptional engineering and natural science programs.

Who Can Apply? 

This program of the DAAD scholarship in Germany is open to students currently enrolled in the following programs at IITs:

• 2nd semester of a two-year Master’s program
• 4th semester of a three-year MTech program
• 8th semester of an integrated/dual degree program in Engineering, Mathematics, or Natural Sciences

The benefits awardees of the Combined Study and Practice Stay Research Grant are listed below:

• Development-Related Postgraduate Courses

The DAAD offers scholarships for postgraduate courses to specialists from developing and newly industrialised countries including India. The scholarship program provides the opportunity to pursue a Master’s or, in exceptional cases, a PhD at a state or state-recognised German university.

Who Can Apply?

• The scholarships are open to foreign graduates from developing countries in all disciplines with at least two years of professional experience.
• Must have a Bachelor’s degree (usually a four-year course) in an appropriate subject

The benefits of receiving this DAAD scholarship in Germany for development-related postgraduate courses are listed below.

• Helmut-Schmidt-Programme (Master’s Scholarships for Public Policy and Good Governance – PPGG) 

The DAAD Helmut-Schmidt Programme empowers aspiring changemakers from developing countries to champion democracy and social justice back home. This German Foreign Office-funded program offers Master’s degrees in fields crucial for your country’s development – political science, law, economics, and administration . 

• Recent graduates (Bachelor’s or equivalent) from developing countries
• Strong background in Social Sciences, Law, Economics, or Public Policy
• Must have gained practical experience relevant to the program such as professional experience or internships.

Below is the breakdown of benefits the awardees of the Helmut-Schmidt Program receive.

Please note: For specific details and application deadlines, please refer to the DAAD website.

Research Grants for Doctoral Candidates: Focused on PhD Students

DAAD offers Research Grants specifically designed for PhD students, providing them with the opportunity to pursue their doctoral studies in Germany. These grants aim to support highly qualified doctoral candidates from various academic fields. Here are the top 2 that offer the most flexibility and funding. 

• Research Grants – Doctoral Programme in Germany

This scholarship program allows you to complete your doctoral degree in Germany with funding from the German Federal Foreign Office . The program provides funding for a doctoral project at a state-recognised higher education institution in Germany or a non-university research institute in Germany. 

• You have above-average qualifications and have completed your Master’s degree or Diploma . 
• In exceptional cases, you must have completed a Bachelor’s degree by the time the funding period begins .

Below are the benefits a scholar enrolled in a Doctoral Research Grant will receive.

• Research Grants – Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees/Cotutelle

This program offers you the chance to pursue a bi-national doctoral degree at both your home university and a university in Germany . Depending on your project’s nature, you can apply for:

a) Bi-national supervision (Sandwich model): By the start of the funding period, students must have a Master’s degree, a Diploma, or, in exceptional cases, a bachelor’s degree.

b) Cotutelle model: Requires admission to a doctoral program by the start of the funding period.

Here are the key differences between the “Cotutelle” and “Sandwich” Models.

Please note: The German Federal Foreign Office funds the scholarships for these programs. 

Mentioned below are the benefits awardees of the Bi-nationally Supervised Doctoral Degrees receive.

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Benefits of the DAAD Scholarship in Germany

At this point, you might wonder: “I get the gist of the main DAAD scholarship in Germany, but what exactly are the benefits of a DAAD scholarship?”

Well, this is a straightforward question. However, the benefits of the DAAD scholarship in Germany vary depending on factors such as the student’s country, duration, and subject. The DAAD provides a range of merit-based scholarships for international students across various academic levels, including bachelor’s, master’s, and postdoctoral programs. These scholarships are beneficial for students pursuing full-time courses at German universities. 

Here is a breakdown of the various benefits available to you. 

• Monthly scholarship payment:
• Graduates: € 934 (INR 84k)
• Doctoral and PhD students: € 1,300 (INR 1.16L)
• Assistant Teachers and Assistant Professors: € 2,000 (INR 1.8L)
• Professors: € 2,150 (INR 1.9L)
• Most DAAD scholarships in Germany also provide you with health, accident and personal liability insurance.
• Depending on the scholarship program, additional benefits, such as a one-time research allowance, family support, or funding for language courses , may also be provided.

Top Universities in Germany Under DAAD Scholarship

Germany is highly popular among international students due to its excellent universities, vibrant student life, and good funding options. While the cost of studying in Germany is manageable for most students, the living expenses can be high, leading many students to seek scholarships. 

The good news is that numerous Top-ranked German universities also accept DAAD scholarships. Here is a list of the DAAD international programs and the best universities in Germany under DAAD scholarship. 

Please note: These are just a few German Universities offering DAAD scholarships in Germany. 

Once you’ve narrowed your university options to those that align with your interests and the DAAD scholarship’s requirements, it’s time to connect with the International Office at each chosen university. They can guide you through the application process and provide a specific document list.

Here’s a key point: Extracurricular involvement, such as internships, volunteer work, project participation, and training , can significantly enhance your chances of securing a DAAD scholarship, even if it’s not specifically listed in the requirements!

Application Materials

Generally, you’ll need the following documents (all officially certified and translated):

• Higher Education Entrance Qualification: This proves you meet the minimum requirements for studying in Germany.
• Transcript of Records: This should detail your subjects and grades.
• Previous Degree Certificates (if applicable) : If you have prior university studies, include certified copies.
• Passport Photo and Copy: One photo and a copy of your passport’s identification page.
• Language Certificates: Proof of German or English proficiency (depending on the program).

Certification and Fees

• Only officially certified copies and translations are accepted. German embassies can typically provide this service.
• There are fees for document certification and application processing.
• Applying through uni-assist incurs an assessment fee of approximately € 75 (INR 7K) for your first choice and € 30 ( INR 3K) for each additional program in the same semester.

Application Forms

You can obtain application forms from the university, uni-assist, or Stiftung für Hochschulzulassung (available only in German). The submission process varies – some universities offer online forms, while others require a printed and mailed application. Always confirm the specific method with your chosen university’s International Office.

That’s it! Once you qualify for your DAAD Scholarship in Germany, you’ll unlock financial support to pursue your chosen program at a top German university.

How to Apply for a DAAD Scholarship in Germany

Did you know: that DAAD awarded 316 scholarships to students across South Asia for the academic year 2024/25, of which 287 scholarships were awarded to Indian students? 

Are you also interested in becoming part of this thriving Indian community in Germany?  Stick around because the pointers below will walk you through the process of applying for a DAAD scholarship in Germany.

• Select your chosen program in the DAAD scholarship database as a first step.
• After finding the scholarship that is apt, check the DAAD scholarship in Germany eligibility criteria to qualify for that particular scholarship. 
• As a next step, collect required documents (details given in the upcoming section); certify and translate as needed.
• Apply via the DAAD portal*. However, there may be exceptions – for instance, scholarship programs like Helmut-Schmidt require you to apply directly to the study program.
• Wait for a response from the DAAD, which may take several months. 

* Where you should apply also depends on your country of origin, the type of higher education entrance qualification, and the subject you want to study. You have two options for applying:  

• You can either send your application directly to the chosen university 
• O r, you can apply through the University Application Service for International Students (uni-assist).

Let’s move ahead and see the list of all documents needed to apply for the DAAD scholarship in Germany. 

Application Documents Needed for DAAD Scholarship in Germany 

You can upload the following documents in (non-certified) scanned form via the DAAD portal. However, DAAD may request certified copies later.

• Online application form
• Detailed resume (maximum three pages)
• List of publications, if any (maximum ten pages)
• Motivation letter (1-2 pages) addressing the personal and professional benefits you expect from your project in Germany. Upload this under ‘study project/motivation’.
• A detailed research proposal and description of previous research (up to 10 pages total). Upload this under ‘research project’ .

Please note: Some courses may require additional documents. 

To Conclude:

The DAAD Scholarship in Germany is more than just financial aid; it’s a catalyst for transformation, especially for students from lower-middle-income countries. 

Programs like the Hilde Domin Programme support candidates facing threats in their home countries, offering a secure environment to continue their education. By choosing DAAD, you’re not just getting a scholarship but joining a community dedicated to driving global progress. Seize this opportunity to expand your horizons and make a lasting impact on your field and community. 

Still, have questions about living and studying in Germany? Explore estimated living costs for Master’s students , or discover IELTS Test resources to help you ace your IELTS test and unlock English-taught programs in Germany. Leap Scholar is your one-stop shop for all study-abroad information. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. what are the daad scholarship germany requirements.

A. The DAAD Scholarship Germany requirements depend on your specific program, but generally , the DAAD Scholarship in Germany has the following criteria:

Work Experience: Typically, two years of relevant experience Language Proficiency Test Scores:

English: IELTS (band 6) or TOEFL (550 paper-based).

Q. Some DAAD scholarships in Germany promise to provide language training. What does this entail?

A. The DAAD scholarships in Germany want to help you ace the local language while studying in Germany. That’s why some programs also provide funding for German language courses:

Online Course: Scholarship may cover the cost of an online German course. Pre-departure Course: DAAD might fund a 2-6 month language course before you leave, mandatory if your research is in German. In-Country Course: DAAD may cover costs for a German language course during your stay.

Q. Is working part-time as a DAAD Scholarship holder in Germany allowed?

A: Yes, you can work part-time while holding a scholarship in Germany, but you need approval from the DAAD. The DAAD ensures that you balance your part-time job with the purpose of your scholarship. The extra income will be deducted from your scholarship payment if you earn more than INR 47K monthly .

Q. What grade point average do you need to qualify for DAAD Scholarships in Germany?

A. While the DAAD Scholarship in Germany selection committee prioritises applicants with vital academic records, there isn’t a one-size-fits-all GPA requirement for most programs.

The DAAD is looking for well-rounded individuals passionate about their research field.  They’ll consider the quality of your proposed research project, your language skills (German is often a plus!), and any unique experiences you bring.

Q. Are there any specific DAAD scholarship requirements for masters?

There are no specific DAAD scholarship requirements for masters that aren’t applicable for other programs as well, given that:

You’ve confirmed work experience requirements with your institution and matched them. You have a bachelor’s degree. Your German language skills are certified through TestDaF or DSH for programs taught in German.

Q. Is there any DAAD scholarship for an MBA in Germany?

A. No, there is no DAAD scholarship for an MBA in Germany. That being said, DAAD does recognise funding for management-related courses. One notable option for qualified bachelor’s students pursuing a master’s in management is the RWTH Business School Academic Performance Scholarship.

Q. What documents should you request from your project supervisor for your application?

A. You must obtain a “Letter of Academic Supervision” from your supervisor. This letter should demonstrate their commitment to supporting your research project or doctorate. The letter should ideally:

Confirm that your research project and schedule have been discussed. State that a workspace will be provided for you. Indicate the working language at the host institute.

Q. Is there an age limit for DAAD scholarship in Germany?

A. Generally, there is no fixed age limit for DAAD scholarships in Germany, except in specific programs with international partner requirements. If you completed your degree or started your doctorate longer ago than specified, you may still be eligible under certain circumstances such as pregnancy, childcare, caring for dependents, disability, or chronic illness.

Q: What does DAAD’s health insurance cover?

Your health insurance is covered if you’re a DAAD Scholarship awardee in Germany. The government pays INR 3.4K monthly, increasing to INR 5K for those over 60. Coverage includes:

Accident-related medical costs: Up to INR 90K Search, salvage, and transport costs: Up to INR 22.63L Cosmetic surgery costs (as a result of an accident): Up to INR 5.43L

Q: Can you apply to all DAAD scholarships in Germany if you’re interested in more than one?

A. DAAD lets you apply for up to 3 programs! Rank your choices from 1 to 3 on the DAAD application form and explain why you chose that order . Be sure to apply to each university separately and include a strong motivation letter that explains why each program fits your goals. Please do not change the priorities later on. 

Q. When should you start applying for a visa?

A. If accepted to a higher education institution, apply for a student visa. If waiting for acceptance or needing an entrance exam, apply for a prospective student visa, valid for three months and extendable by six months. You should visit the Federal Foreign Office website for details on the latest document requirements. 

Q. How do you Deal with Limited Enrollment Programs?

A. Here are some tips for applying for universities: Submit multiple applications: Increase your chances by applying to various institutions. Start in the summer semester: About 25% of Bachelor’s programs start in the summer semester. Boost your application: Some grades may carry more weight, and there may be aptitude tests.

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New study introduces novel methodology to benchmark hospitals on in-hospital disparities.

Elzerie de Jager, MBBS, PhD

Disparities in healthcare exist on a national, state, regional, and hospital level. With increased awareness of these disparities, many initiatives have been put in place to improve health equity. However, there is currently no consensus on how to measure disparities in healthcare, and disparity sensitive metrics have not been widely integrated into quality-assessment programs. A lack of disparity metrics makes it challenging to assess the impact of health equity initiatives on improving health equity over time. Now, new research from  Elzerie de Jager, MBBS, PhD , in collaboration with leadership at the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, introduces a novel methodology to benchmark hospitals on in-hospital disparities in surgical care.

Utilizing the new methodology, the authors found that after risk adjustment fewer than 1.1% of the 657 hospitals in the study had demonstratable disparities in care. In contrast, prior to risk adjustment within-hospital disparities for socioeconomic status were detected in 25.8-99.8% of hospitals. This difference was likely due to the fact that the risk adjustment accounts for comorbidities which are higher in lower socioeconomic status populations. The results of this work indicate the need to consider other factors in disparity assessment, including risk adjustment methodology and healthcare segregation (differing access to healthcare institutions).  

This study was made possible through collaboration and mentoring by an astounding team of prominent senior investigators including leadership at the American College of Surgeons: the statistical manager, Mark Cohen, PhD, the director of quality, Clifford Ko, MD, MS, MSHS, FACS, and the past executive director, David Hoyt, MD, FACS. The leader of the project was L.D. Britt, MD, MPH, FACS, who, among many other accolades, is a past president of the American College of Surgeons. Having recently joined UVM as an Assistant Professor of Medicine, de Jager is eager to continue her health equity work here, collaborating with Erika Ziller, PhD, Director of the Health Services Research Center, and Yvonne Jonk, PhD, from the University of Southern Maine, to examine differences in trauma outcomes for patients residing in ambulance deserts (more than 25 minutes away from an ambulance station). In addition, de Jager has developed a 3-credit graduate health equity course which will be available to students in the fall. She is excited to contribute to the public health program and continue her health equity research at UVM. 

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Test-Negative Study Designs for Evaluating Vaccine Effectiveness

• 1 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
• Original Investigation Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by Omicron and Delta Variants Emma K. Accorsi, PhD; Amadea Britton, MD; Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, MD; Zachary R. Smith, MA; Nong Shang, PhD; Gordana Derado, PhD; Joseph Miller, PhD; Stephanie J. Schrag, DPhil; Jennifer R. Verani, MD, MPH JAMA

The evaluation of vaccines continues long after initial regulatory approval. Postapproval observational studies are often used to investigate aspects of vaccine effectiveness (VE) that clinical trials cannot feasibly assess. These includes long-term effectiveness, effectiveness within subgroups, effectiveness against rare outcomes, and effectiveness as the circulating pathogen changes. 1 Policymakers rely on these data to guide vaccine recommendations or formulation updates. 2

Read More About

Dean N , Amin AB. Test-Negative Study Designs for Evaluating Vaccine Effectiveness. JAMA. Published online June 12, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.5633

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First steps to your PhD

Before starting your doctoral studies in Germany, there are some important steps you have to follow:

• Have your post-graduate degree recognised
• Apply for a residence permit
• Find a doctoral position
• Finance your research stay

To find some practical advice on preparing your research stay - visit: www.research-in-germany.org > phd

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• What is a PhD?

Written by Mark Bennett

A PhD is a doctoral research degree and the highest level of academic qualification you can achieve. The degree normally takes between three and four years of full-time work towards a thesis offering an original contribution to your subject.

This page explains what a PhD is, what it involves and what you need to know if you’re considering applying for a PhD research project , or enrolling on a doctoral programme .

The meaning of a PhD

The PhD can take on something of a mythic status. Are they only for geniuses? Do you have to discover something incredible? Does the qualification make you an academic? And are higher research degrees just for people who want to be academics?

Even the full title, ‘Doctor of Philosophy’, has a somewhat mysterious ring to it. Do you become a doctor? Yes, but not that kind of doctor. Do you have to study Philosophy? No (not unless you want to) .

So, before going any further, let's explain what the term 'PhD' actually means and what defines a doctorate.

What does PhD stand for?

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy. This is one of the highest level academic degrees that can be awarded. PhD is an abbreviation of the Latin term (Ph)ilosophiae (D)octor. Traditionally the term ‘philosophy’ does not refer to the subject but its original Greek meaning which roughly translates to ‘lover of wisdom’.

What is a doctorate?

A doctorate is any qualification that awards a doctoral degree. In order to qualify for one you need to produce advanced work that makes a significant new contribution to knowledge in your field. Doing so earns you the title 'Doctor' – hence the name.

So, is a PhD different to a doctorate? No. A PhD is a type of doctorate .

The PhD is the most common type of doctorate and is awarded in almost all subjects at universities around the world. Other doctorates tend to be more specialised or for more practical and professional projects.

Essentially, all PhDs are doctorates, but not all doctorates are PhDs.

Do you need a Masters to get a PhD?

Not necessarily. It's common for students in Arts and the Humanities to complete an MA (Master of Arts) before starting a PhD in order to acquire research experience and techniques. Students in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) don't always need an MS/MSc (Master of Science) to do a PhD as you'll gain training in lab techniques and other skills during your undergraduate degree.

Whether a Masters is a requirement for a PhD also varies by country. Australian PhDs may require a Masters as the equivalent of their own 'honours year' (where students work on research). US PhD programmes often include a Masters.

We have a whole guide dedicated to helping you decide whether a PhD without a Masters is the right route for you.

The origin of the PhD

Despite its name, the PhD isn't actually an Ancient Greek degree. Instead it's a much more recent development. The PhD as we know it was developed in nineteenth-century Germany, alongside the modern research university.

Higher education had traditionally focussed on mastery of an existing body of scholarship and the highest academic rank available was, appropriately enough, a Masters degree.

As the focus shifted more onto the production of new knowledge and ideas, the PhD degree was brought in to recognise those who demonstrated the necessary skills and expertise.

The PhD process – what's required to get a PhD?

The typical length of a PhD is three to four years full-time, or five to six years part-time.

Unlike most Masters courses (or all undergraduate programmes), a PhD is a pure research degree. But that doesn’t mean you’ll just spend years locked away in a library or laboratory. In fact, the modern PhD is a diverse and varied qualification with many different components.

Whereas the second or third year of a taught degree look quite a lot like the first (with more modules and coursework at a higher level) a PhD moves through a series of stages.

A typical PhD normally involves:

• Carrying out a literature review (a survey of current scholarship in your field).
• Conducting original research and collecting your results .
• Producing a thesis that presents your conclusions.
• Writing up your thesis and submitting it as a dissertation .
• Defending your thesis in an oral viva voce exam.

These stages vary a little between subjects and universities, but they tend to fall into the same sequence over the three years of a typical full-time PhD.

The first year of a PhD

The beginning of a PhD is all about finding your feet as a researcher and getting a solid grounding in the current scholarship that relates to your topic.

You’ll have initial meetings with your supervisor and discuss a plan of action based on your research proposal.

The first step in this will almost certainly be carrying out your literature review . With the guidance of your supervisor you’ll begin surveying and evaluating existing scholarship. This will help situate your research and ensure your work is original.

Your literature review will provide a logical jumping off point for the beginning of your own research and the gathering of results . This could involve designing and implementing experiments, or getting stuck into a pile of primary sources.

The year may end with an MPhil upgrade . This occurs when PhD students are initially registered for an MPhil degree and then ‘upgraded’ to PhD candidates upon making sufficient progress. You’ll submit material from your literature review, or a draft of your research findings and discuss these with members of your department in an upgrade exam . All being well, you’ll then continue with your research as a PhD student.

PhDs in other countries

The information on the page is based on the UK. Most countries follow a similar format, but there are some differences. In the USA , for example, PhD students complete reading assignments and examinations before beginning their research. You can find out more in our guides to PhD study around the world .

The second year of a PhD

Your second year will probably be when you do most of your core research. The process for this will vary depending on your field, but your main focus will be on gathering results from experiments, archival research, surveys or other means.

As your research develops, so will the thesis (or argument) you base upon it. You may even begin writing up chapters or other pieces that will eventually form part of your dissertation .

You’ll still be having regular meetings with your supervisor. They’ll check your progress, provide feedback on your ideas and probably read any drafts your produce.

The second year is also an important stage for your development as a scholar. You’ll be well versed in current research and have begun to collect some important data or develop insights of your own. But you won’t yet be faced with the demanding and time-intensive task of finalising your dissertation.

So, this part of your PhD is a perfect time to think about presenting your work at academic conferences , gaining teaching experience or perhaps even selecting some material for publication in an academic journal. You can read more about these kinds of activities below.

The third year of a PhD

The third year of a PhD is sometimes referred to as the writing up phase.

Traditionally, this is the final part of your doctorate, during which your main task will be pulling together your results and honing your thesis into a dissertation .

In reality, it’s not always as simple as that.

It’s not uncommon for final year PhD students to still be fine-tuning experiments, collecting results or chasing up a few extra sources. This is particularly likely if you spend part of your second year focussing on professional development.

In fact, some students actually take all or part of a fourth year to finalise their dissertation. Whether you are able to do this will depend on the terms of your enrolment – and perhaps your PhD funding .

Eventually though, you are going to be faced with writing up your thesis and submitting your dissertation.

Your supervisor will be very involved in this process. They’ll read through your final draft and let you know when they think your PhD is ready for submission.

All that’s left then is your final viva voce oral exam. This is a formal discussion and defence of your thesis involving at least one internal and external examiner. It’s normally the only assessment procedure for a PhD. Once you’ve passed, you’ve done it!

Looking for more information about the stages of a PhD?

How do you go about completing a literature review? What's it like to do PhD research? And what actually happens at an MPhil upgrade? You can find out more in our detailed guide to the PhD journey .

Doing a PhD – what's it actually like?

You can think of the ‘stages’ outlined above as the basic ‘roadmap’ for a PhD, but the actual ‘journey’ you’ll take as a research student involves a lot of other sights, a few optional destinations and at least one very important fellow passenger.

Carrying out research

Unsurprisingly, you’ll spend most of your time as a PhD researcher… researching your PhD. But this can involve a surprisingly wide range of activities.

The classic image of a student working away in the lab, or sitting with a pile of books in the library is true some of the time – particularly when you’re monitoring experiments or conducting your literature review.

Your PhD can take you much further afield though. You may find yourself visiting archives or facilities to examine their data or look at rare source materials. You could even have the opportunity to spend an extended period ‘in residence’ at a research centre or other institution beyond your university.

Research is also far from being a solitary activity. You’ll have regular discussions with your supervisor (see below) but you may also work with other students from time to time.

This is particularly likely if you’re part of a larger laboratory or workshop group studying the same broad area. But it’s also common to collaborate with students whose projects are more individual. You might work on shorter projects of joint interest, or be part of teams organising events and presentations.

Many universities also run regular internal presentation and discussion groups – a perfect way to get to know other PhD students in your department and offer feedback on each other’s work in progress.

Working with your supervisor

All PhD projects are completed with the guidance of at least one academic supervisor . They will be your main point of contact and support throughout the PhD.

Your supervisor will be an expert in your general area of research, but they won’t have researched on your exact topic before (if they had, your project wouldn’t be original enough for a PhD).

As such, it’s better to think of your supervisor as a mentor, rather than a teacher.

As a PhD student you’re now an independent and original scholar, pushing the boundaries of your field beyond what is currently known (and taught) about it. You’re doing all of this for the first time, of course. But your supervisor isn’t.

They’ll know what’s involved in managing an advanced research project over three years (or more). They’ll know how best to succeed, but they’ll also know what can go wrong and how to spot the warning signs before it does.

Perhaps most importantly, they’ll be someone with the time and expertise to listen to your ideas and help provide feedback and encouragement as you develop your thesis.

Exact supervision arrangements vary between universities and between projects:

• In Science and Technology projects it’s common for a supervisor to be the lead investigator on a wider research project, with responsibility for a laboratory or workshop that includes several PhD students and other researchers.
• In Arts and Humanities subjects, a supervisor’s research is more separate from their students’. They may supervise more than one PhD at a time, but each project is essentially separate.

It’s also becoming increasingly common for PhD students to have two (or more) supervisors. The first is usually responsible for guiding your academic research whilst the second is more concerned with the administration of your PhD – ensuring you complete any necessary training and stay on track with your project’s timetable.

However you’re supervised, you’ll have regular meetings to discuss work and check your progress. Your supervisor will also provide feedback on work during your PhD and will play an important role as you near completion: reading your final dissertation draft, helping you select an external examiner and (hopefully) taking you out for a celebratory drink afterwards!

Professional development, networking and communication

Traditionally, the PhD has been viewed as a training process, preparing students for careers in academic research.

As such, it often includes opportunities to pick up additional skills and experiences that are an important part of a scholarly CV. Academics don’t just do research after all. They also teach students, administrate departments – and supervise PhDs.

The modern PhD is also viewed as a more flexible qualification. Not all doctoral graduates end up working in higher education. Many follow alternative careers that are either related to their subject of specialism or draw upon the advanced research skills their PhD has developed.

PhD programmes have begun to reflect this. Many now emphasise transferrable skills or include specific training units designed to help students communicate and apply their research beyond the university.

What all of this means is that very few PhD experiences are just about researching and writing up a thesis.

The likelihood is that you’ll also do some (or all) of the following during your PhD:

The work is usually paid and is increasingly accompanied by formal training and evaluation.

Conference presentation

As a PhD student you’ll be at the cutting edge of your field, doing original research and producing new results. This means that your work will be interest to other scholars and that your results could be worth presenting at academic conferences .

Doing this is very worthwhile, whatever your career plans. You’ll develop transferrable skills in public speaking and presenting, gain feedback on your results and begin to be recognised as an expert in your area.

Conferences are also great places to network with other students and academics.

Publication

As well as presenting your research, you may also have the opportunity to publish work in academic journals, books, or other media. This can be a challenging process.

Your work will be judged according to the same high standards as any other scholar’s and will normally go through extensive peer review processes. But it’s also highly rewarding. Seeing your work ‘in print’ is an incredible validation of your PhD research and a definite boost to your academic CV.

Public engagement and communication

Academic work may be associated with the myth of the ‘ivory tower’ – an insular community of experts focussing on obscure topics of little interest outside the university. But this is far from the case. More and more emphasis is being placed on the ‘impact’ of research and its wider benefits to the public – with funding decisions being made accordingly.

Thankfully, there are plenty of opportunities to try your hand at public engagement as a PhD student. Universities are often involved in local events and initiatives to communicate the benefits of their research, ranging from workshops in local schools to public lectures and presentations.

Some PhD programmes include structured training in order to help students with activities such as the above. Your supervisor may also be able to help by identifying suitable conferences and public engagement opportunities, or by involving you in appropriate university events and public engagement initiatives.

These experiences will be an important part of your development as a researchers - and will enhance the value of your PhD regardless of your career plans.

What is a PhD for – and who should study one?

So, you know what a PhD actually is, what’s involved in completing one and what you might get up to whilst you do. That just leaves one final question: should you do a PhD?

Unfortunately, it’s not a question we can answer for you.

A PhD is difficult and uniquely challenging. It requires at least three years of hard work and dedication after you’ve already completed an undergraduate degree (and probably a Masters degree too).

You’ll need to support yourself during those years and, whilst you will be building up an impressive set of skills, you won’t be directly progressing in a career.

But a PhD is also immensely rewarding. It’s your chance to make a genuine contribution to the sum of human knowledge and produce work that other researchers can (and will) build on in future. However obscure your topic feels, there’s really no such thing as a useless PhD.

A PhD is also something to be incredibly proud of. A proportionately tiny number of people go on to do academic work at this level. Whatever you end up doing after your doctorate you’ll have an impressive qualification – and a title to match. What’s more, non-academic careers and professions are increasingly recognising the unique skills and experience a PhD brings.

Other PhDs - do degree titles matter?

The PhD is the oldest and most common form of higher research degree, but a few alternatives are available. Some, such as the DPhil are essentially identical to a PhD. Others, such as the Professional Doctorate or DBA are slightly different. You can find out more in our guide to types of PhD .

Is a PhD for me?

There’s more advice on the value of a PhD – and good reasons for studying one – elsewhere in this section. But the following are some quick tips if you’re just beginning to consider a PhD.

Speak to your lecturers / tutors

The best people to ask about PhD study are people who’ve earned one. Ask staff at your current or previous university about their experience of doctoral research – what they enjoyed, what they didn’t and what their tips might be.

If you’re considering a PhD for an academic career, ask about that too. Are job prospects good in your field? And what’s it really like to work at a university?

Speak to current PhD students

Want to know what it’s like studying a PhD right now? Or what it’s like doing research at a particular university? Ask someone who knows.

Current PhD students were just like you a year or two ago and most will be happy to answer questions.

If you can’t get in touch with any students ‘face to face’, pop over to the Postgraduate Forum – you’ll find plenty of students there who are happy to chat about postgraduate research.

Take a look at advertised projects and programmes

This may seem like a strange suggestion. After all, you’re only going to study one PhD, so what’s the point of reading about lots of others?

Well, looking at the details of different PhD projects is a great way to get a general sense of what PhD research is like. You’ll see what different PhDs tend to have in common and what kinds of unique opportunity might be available to you.

And, with thousands of PhDs in our database , you’re already in a great place to start.

Read our other advice articles

Finally, you can also check out some of the other advice on the FindAPhD website. We’ve looked at some good (and bad) reasons for studying a PhD as well as the value of a doctorate to different career paths.

More generally, you can read our in-depth look at a typical PhD journey , or find out more about specific aspects of doctoral study such as working with a supervisor or writing your dissertation .

We add new articles all the time – the best way to stay up to date is by signing up for our free PhD opportunity newsletter .

Ready to find your PhD?

Head on over to our PhD search listings to learn what opportunities are on offer within your discipline.

Our postgrad newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

You may also like....

What happens during a typical PhD, and when? We've summarised the main milestones of a doctoral research journey.

The PhD thesis is the most important part of a doctoral degree. This page will introduce you to what you need to know about the PhD dissertation.

This page will give you an idea of what to expect from your routine as a PhD student, explaining how your daily life will look at you progress through a doctoral degree.

Our guide tells you everything about the application process for studying a PhD in the USA.

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• The Scientist University

How to Present a Research Study’s Limitations

All studies have imperfections, but how to present them without diminishing the value of the work can be tricky..

Nathan Ni holds a PhD from Queens University. He is a science editor for The Scientist’s Creative Services Team who strives to better understand and communicate the relationships between health and disease.

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Scientists work with many different limitations. First and foremost, they navigate informational limitations, work around knowledge gaps when designing studies, formulating hypotheses, and analyzing data. They also handle technical limitations, making the most of what their hands, equipment, and instruments can achieve. Finally, researchers must also manage logistical limitations. Scientists will often experience sample scarcity, financial issues, or simply be unable to access the technology or materials that they want.

All scientific studies have limitations, and no study is perfect. Researchers should not run from this reality, but engage it directly. It is better to directly address the specific limitations of the work in question, and doing so is actually a way to demonstrate an author’s proficiency and aptitude.

Do: Be Transparent

From a practical perspective, being transparent is the main key to directly addressing the specific limitations of a study. Was there an experiment that the researchers wanted to perform but could not, or a sample that existed that the scientists could not obtain? Was there a piece of knowledge that would explain a question raised by the data presented within the current study? If the answer is yes, the authors should mention this and elaborate upon it within the discussion section.

Asking and addressing these questions demonstrates that the authors have knowledge, understanding, and expertise of the subject area beyond what the study directly investigated. It further demonstrates a solid grasp of the existing literature—which means a solid grasp of what others are doing, what techniques they are using, and what limitations impede their own studies. This information helps the authors contextualize where their study fits within what others have discovered, thereby mitigating the perceived effect of a given limitation on the study’s legitimacy. In essence, this strategy turns limitations, often considered weaknesses, into strengths.

For example, in their 2021 Cell Reports study on macrophage polarization mechanisms, dermatologist Alexander Marneros and colleagues wrote the following. 1

A limitation of studying macrophage polarization in vitro is that this approach only partially captures the tissue microenvironment context in which many different factors affect macrophage polarization. However, it is likely that the identified signaling mechanisms that promote polarization in vitro are also critical for polarization mechanisms that occur in vivo. This is supported by our observation that trametinib and panobinostat inhibited M2-type macrophage polarization not only in vitro but also in skin wounds and laser-induced CNV lesions.

This is a very effective structure. In the first sentence ( yellow ), the authors outlined the limitation. In the next sentence ( green ), they offered a rationalization that mitigates the effect of the limitation. Finally, they provided the evidence ( blue ) for this rationalization, using not just information from the literature, but also data that they obtained in their study specifically for this purpose. 

Don't: Be Defensive

It can feel natural to avoid talking about a study’s limitations. Scientists may believe that mentioning the drawbacks still present in their study will jeopardize their chances of publication. As such, researchers will sometimes skirt around the issue. They will present “boilerplate faults”—generalized concerns about sample size/diversity and time limitations that all researchers face—rather than honestly discussing their own study. Alternatively, they will describe their limitations in a defensive manner, positioning their problems as something that “could not be helped”—as something beyond what science can currently achieve.

However, their audience can see through this, because they are largely peers who understand and have experienced how modern research works. They can tell the difference between global challenges faced by every scientific study and limitations that are specific to a single study. Avoiding these specific limitations can therefore betray a lack of confidence that the study is good enough to withstand problems stemming from legitimate limitations. As such, researchers should actively engage with the greater scientific implications of the limitations that they face. Indeed, doing this is actually a way to demonstrate an author’s proficiency and aptitude.

In an example, neurogeneticist Nancy Bonini and colleagues, in their publication in Nature , discussed a question raised by their data that they have elected not to directly investigate in this study, writing “ Among the intriguing questions raised by these data is how senescent glia promote LDs in other glia. ” To show both the legitimacy of the question and how seriously they have considered it, the authors provided a comprehensive summary of the literature in the following seven sentences, offering two hypotheses backed by a combined eight different sources. 2 Rather than shying away from a limitation, they attacked it as something to be curious about and to discuss. This is not just a very effective way of demonstrating their expertise, but it frames the limitation as something that, when overcome, will build upon the present study rather than something that negatively affects the legitimacy of their current findings.

Striking the Right Balance

Scientists have to navigate the fine line between acknowledging the limitations of their study while also not diminishing the effect and value of their own work. To be aware of legitimate limitations and properly assess and dissect them shows a profound understanding of a field, where the study fits within that field, and what the rest of the scientific community are doing and what challenges they face.

All studies are parts of a greater whole. Pretending otherwise is a disservice to the scientific community.

Looking for more information on scientific writing? Check out  The Scientist’ s  TS SciComm  section. Looking for some help putting together a manuscript, a figure, a poster, or anything else?  The Scientist ’s  Scientific Services  may have the professional help that you need.

• He L, et al. Global characterization of macrophage polarization mechanisms and identification of M2-type polarization inhibitors . Cell Rep . 2021;37(5):109955.
• Byrns CN, et al. Senescent glia link mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation . Nature . 2024.