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Fifty-One Strategic Debates Worth Having

M. L. Cavanaugh | 08.28.16

Pervasive in academia, the perfection of specialization is the enemy of wisdom – by narrowing our curiosity, we limit our learning. Which is why I was thrilled to have received a new old book (1950), by B.H. Liddell Hart, Defence of the West: Some Riddles of War and Peace . Hart took on whale-sized topics, grouped in broad categories, including “riddles of the immediate past” like: “Was Russia Close to Defeat?,” “Was the 1940 Collapse Inevitable?,” and “Was Normandy a Certainty?” – in addition to several “riddles of the immediate future” like: “What Would Another War be Like?,” “Could We Survive Another War?,” and “Is Neutrality Possible in Modern Warfare?” This book was refreshingly refreshing in that it was genuinely fun to encounter a thinker that deliberately chose to engage with the biggest stuff – both the time-bound issues of the day and the timeless issues of all the days.

This book highlights for me the value of simple, direct questions (as the Israeli Defense Force General Aharon Farkash has said: “The question is the answer.”). A provocative corollary to the art of the question is the simple, direct prompt, designed to stimulate thought on a similar set of big issues. And so in the spirit of Hart’s contribution, I offer this list of 51 provocative, important strategic debates worth having.

• The military’s purpose is to kill people and break things (a statement from which I dissent ).
• There will never be another need for a mass airborne drop.
• Pushbutton, standoff warfare is cowardly.
• Drone pilots deserve medals.
• Europe’s security is more important than Asia’s.
• COIN is dead.
• Tank warfare is dead.
• War in the Pacific is inevitable.
• Alliances are more trouble than they’re worth.
• The Middle East is a hopeless mess.
• America has nothing to learn from its Allies.
• The Army should adopt a SOF-approach.
• Lieutenants must have a strategic sense .
• Airpower will have a smaller role in future warfare.
• America will lose the next battle fought in a megacity.
• Gunboat diplomacy will have little relative value in future conflicts.
• Another world war is simply impossible.
• Winning wars is still possible.
• There are legal orders an officer has a duty not to follow.
• Drones harmfully reduce human control of warfare.
• A morally bad person can make a fine military officer.
• Afghanistan was worth it .
• Iraq was worth it.
• ISIS is not a terrorist organization.
• Nothing is worth the use of a nuclear weapon.
• Sometimes, America must go it alone in war.
• Military torture is sometimes justified.
• The ends always justify the means in war.
• Politicians should never interfere with military operations.
• The Marine Corps should be folded into the Army.
• The AF should be folded into the Army.
• Decapitation strikes can be strategically successful.
• The cyber Pearl Harbor will happen in the next five years.
• In brutal civil wars, we ought to give war a chance more often.
• American intervention is mandatory in genuine cases of genocide.
• War is more complex today than at any point in history.
• A fair national military draft would be good for American security.
• Douglas MacArthur is a role model Army officers should follow.
• The WWII era truly comprises America’s greatest generation.
• America has nothing to fear from international terrorism.
• Military officers must be prepared to lie, cheat, steal, and tolerate those that do – for national security.
• An operation which results in the successful capture of five high value targets is worth the life of one innocent child.
• In the future, the US might be allied with the Russians and Chinese.
• In the future, the US might become enemies to the British and Australians.
• Another war on the Korean Peninsula is unwinnable.
• America’s role is to keep the world from chaos by supporting democratization.
• Vladimir Putin is the greatest threat to European security since Hitler or Stalin.
• America’s light footprint in Africa is a mistake.
• Female combatant commanders will outperform their male counterparts.
• The US military would perform better if it was half its current size and budget.
• The Third Offset will fail because it is a technological solution to a strategic problem.

1,10,11,29. Politicians are afffraid because corruption most of involve in. 43,47.49. In my view right.

1. The military’s purpose is to kill people and break things (a statement from which I dissent).

This is not entirely incorrect as an easy-to-understand distillation of the military’s strategies and tactics used to fulfill its purpose, but such a statement should not be understood as a full exposition thereof. The U.S. military’s purpose is to defend the country against foreign attack and fight America’s wars. Anything beyond that falls into the realm of the “how to.”

2. There will never be another need for a mass airborne drop.

While I am tempted to confine my response to, “never say never,” such a response would not treat the topic with the seriousness it deserves. Whether or not a future conflict would require the use of a mass airborne drop would depend on the who, where, and other tactical considerations of the conflict, including developments within the battle space. A mass airborne drop may be the most effective way of quickly delivering large numbers of combatants to the battle space when the circumstances of the conflict prevent timely introduction of conventional ground troops by other means.

3. Push button, standoff warfare is cowardly.

No, it is not. The means of conducting push button, standoff warfare should be used whenever and wherever it can be used in furtherance of the successful completion of the military’s mission. Where it can be used to reduce the number of killed and wounded American service personnel, it should be. However, it should never be considered as more than another tool in the military’s arsenal. It should not be thought of as capable of winning a war on its own.

5. Europe’s security is more important than Asia’s.

Neither area’s security is more important than the other’s. The two areas’ security concerns are equally important, and the U.S. military should always have the capability of addressing the security concerns of both areas simultaneously. To be clear, the U.S. military should be able to successfully conduct two major wars simultaneously.

In order to keep my replies relatively short, I will address other topics in subsequent posts.

7. Tank warfare is dead.

If one defines tank warfare as tank versus tank battle, then such warfare is a possibility, if an unlikely one, only in a conflict with Russia. The use of drones, attack helicopters, and close air support aircraft such as the A-10 Warthog, gives America’s military non-tank assets to employ against enemy tank attacks, but tanks will remain an important part of America’s war fighting capability.

8. War in the Pacific is inevitable.

No war is inevitable, but such a war is a possibility and America’s military must plan and prepare for it. The likelihood of such a war increases if America appears irresolute and unprepared.

14. Airpower will have a smaller role in future warfare.

The response to this proposition depends upon one’s definition of airpower’s current role in warfare. However, in the foreseeable future, airpower will have an indispensible role in warfare by providing air superiority and close air support capabilities to America’s military.

15. America will lose the next battle fought in a megacity.

ONLY if America’s military fails to plan and prepare for such a battle, or if America’s military is forced to engage in battle in a megacity under rules of engagement that make such a loss inevitable.

17. Another world war is simply impossible.

To believe this proposition is to believe in fairy tales. If America continues to reduce the size of its military and its military’s war fighting capabilities, then such a war is not only possible, but will become increasingly likely.

18. Winning wars is still possible.

Winning a war IS still possible, but remains possible only if war is actually declared. Further, winning a war must be defined as the destruction of the enemy’s willingness and ability to engage in continuing the fight.

In general reply to your 51 debates, here are five replies which either cover multiples or I thought were especially relevant.

1. Killing and breaking is the immediate purpose of the military, in order to empower political solutions to national problems. If the violence is not aimed to further a political solution gauged to the political problem, it will be a waste of time, so both military and political leaders are well served to understand both politics and the limits of force. These political solutions may also be found at very low levels, so every soldier may be a strategic actor, and every civilian may be a strategic audience.

2. While the exact character of fighting is likely to change, basic operational principles like mobility, firepower, intelligence, etc., are likely to remain fundamental. Airborne units, tank units, and others need to remember why they were created and evolve along those lines, but the need is unlikely to go away. This also goes for services which have become confused as to their mission.

3. Humans have engaged in standoff warfare since the first primitive man fixed a sharp rock to the end of a stick rather than wield it in his hand. It may be cowardly, but we’re going to keep doing it.

19. Limited wars are about who’s right, wars of survival are about who’s left. Morality may be an ingredient or an impediment to mission accomplishment, depending on the war, but whether you win or lose tends to be a lot more important than how you played the game.

38. Douglas MacArthur was probably a good role model for Army officers in his earlier career, but he could not see past the operational realm in Korea, and had to be fired because of it. We don’t fire enough generals like him—-behaving properly, operationally competent, but strategically ignorant—-today, though we should.

Matt Your framing of most of the questions, in the form of declarative sentences, telegraphs a bias.

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Military Technology Research Paper Topics

This list of military technology research paper topics provides the list of 28 potential topics for research papers and an overview article on the history of military technology development.

1. Aircraft Carriers

Three nations built fleets of aircraft carriers— Britain, Japan and the United States—and each contributed to carrier design trends. Experiments began before World War I when, in November 1910, Eugene Ely flew a Curtiss biplane from a specially built forward deck of the cruiser USS Birmingham moored off Hampton Roads, Virginia. Two months later he accomplished the more difficult task of landing on a deck built over the stern of the cruiser Pennsylvania. Sandbags were used to anchor ropes stretched across the deck to help stop the airplane, which trailed a crude hook to catch the ropes.

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The Enterprise, America’s first atomic-powered carrier, entered service in 1961 with a range of 320,000 kilometers, or capable of four years’ cruising. She was similar to the Forrestal carriers except for her small square island structure that originally featured ‘‘billboard’’ radar installations. Despite a huge cost increase (about 70 percent more than the Forrestals), she became the prototype for the ultimate Nimitz class of nuclear carriers that began to enter fleet service in the mid-1970s. Displacing nearly 95,000 tons, each had a crew of some 6,500 men. Driven by concerns about the growing expense of building and operating the huge American fleet carriers and their vulnerability, research into smaller carrier designs continued.

2. Air-to-Air Missiles

Interest in air-to-air missiles (AAMs, also known as air intercept missiles or AIMs) was initially prompted by the need to defend against heavy bombers in World War II. Unguided rockets were deployed for the purpose during the war, but the firing aircraft had to get dangerously close, and even so the rockets’ probability of approaching within killing range of their targets was poor. Nazi Germany developed two types of rocket-propelled missiles employing command guidance and produced some examples, but neither saw service use.

3. Air-to-Surface Missiles

Precision attack of ground targets was envisioned as a major mission of air forces from their first conception, even before the advent of practicable airplanes. Until the 1970s most air forces believed that this could be best accomplished through exact aiming of cannon, unguided rockets, or freelyfalling bombs, at least for most targets. But although impressive results were sometimes achieved through these methods in tests and exercises, combat performance was generally disappointing, with average miss distances on the order of scores, hundreds, or even thousands of meters.

4. Battleships

The battleship dates back to the final decade of the 19th century when the term came into general use in English for the most powerfully armed and armored surface warships. Material improvements allowed the construction of ships with high freeboard and good sea keeping capable of effectively fighting similar ships at sea, like the line of battleships of the sailing era. British battleships were the archetypes of the era. They displaced around 13,000 to 15,000 tons and their most useful armament was a battery of six 6-inch quick-firing guns on each side. These stood the best chance of successful hitting given the primitive fire control techniques of the day, although skilled gunnery officers might use them to gain the range for accurate shooting by the slow-firing 12-inch guns, two of which were mounted in covered barbette turrets (armored structures to protect the guns) at each end.

5. Biological Warfare

In addition to the military use of natural or synthesized plant and animal toxins as poisons, biological warfare involves the use of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, or fungi to cause incapacitation or death in man, animals, or plants. Over the course of the twentieth century, biological weapons scientists, engineers, and physicians in various countries adopted existing technological and scientific practices, techniques, and instrumentation found in academic and industrial research to create a new weapon of mass destruction. Unlike the production of nuclear weapons, biological weapons research involves a synergistic relationship between the separate offensive and defensive components of each individual weapon system. Offensive research involves the identification, isolation, modification, and mass production of various pathogenic organisms and the creation of organismal delivery and storage systems. Offensive research is dependent in many cases upon the simultaneous success of a parallel defensive research program involving the creation of vaccines and protective health measures for researchers, military personnel, and civilians. In addition, defensive research involves the construction of accurate detection devices to indicate the existence of biological weapons whose presence can be masked during the initial phases of a natural epidemic.

6. Bomber Warplanes

Bombers apply aerospace technology to defeat an enemy through destruction of his will or ability to continue the conflict. In the twentieth century, the U.S. and the U.K found bombing particularly attractive because they were leaders in aerospace technology and disliked mobilizing large armies and suffering heavy casualties. Bombing requires aircraft that can carry sufficient bomb loads over great distances, penetrate enemy defenses, find targets in darkness and poor weather, and bomb accurately. Effective campaigns require adequate bases, trained personnel, fuel, munitions, replacement aircraft, spare parts, and the intelligence capability to select and assess damage to the proper targets.

7. Chemical Warfare

Popular fiction forecast the use of poison gas in warfare from the 1890s. While an effort was made to ban the wartime use of gas at The Hague International Peace Conference in 1899, military strategists and tacticians dismissed chemical weapons as a fanciful notion. The stalemate of World War I changed this mindset. Under Fritz Haber, a chemist at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Germany’s chemical industry began making gas weapons. Compressed chlorine gas in 5730 cylinders was released against French Algerian and Canadian troops at Ypres, Belgium, on April 22, 1915. The gas attack resulted in approximately 3000 casualties, including some 800 deaths. Within months the British and French developed both gas agents of their own and protective gear, ensuring that chemical warfare would become a regular feature of the war. A variety of lethal and nonlethal chemical agents were developed in World War I. Lethal agents included the asphyxiating gases such as chlorine, phosgene, and diphosgene that drown their victims in mucous, choking off the supply of oxygen from the lungs. A second type were blood gases like hydrogen cyanide, which block the body’s ability to absorb oxygen from red corpuscles. Incapacitating gases included lachrymatorics (tear gases) and vesicants (blistering gases). The most notorious of these is mustard gas (Bis-[2- chloroethyl] sulphide), a blistering agent that produces horrible burns on the exposed skin and destroys mucous tissue and also persists on the soil for as long as 48 hours after its initial dispersion.

8. Defensive Missiles

Missile defenses are complex systems composed of three major components: sensors to detect the launch of missiles and track them as they advance toward their targets, weapon systems to destroy the attacking missiles, and a command and control system that interconnects sensors and weapons. As a result of technological advances, these three components have evolved over the years since World War II, producing two major periods in the history of missile defense and suggesting the advent of a third by about 2025.

9. Explosives

All chemical explosives obtain their energy from the almost instantaneous transformation from an inherently unstable chemical compound into more stable molecules. The breakthrough from the 2000- year old ‘‘black powder’’ to the high explosive of today was achieved with the discovery of the molecular explosive nitroglycerine, produced by nitrating glycerin with a mixture of strong nitric and sulfuric acids. Nitroglycerin, because of its extreme sensitivity and instability, remained a laboratory curiosity until Alfred Nobel solved the problem of how to safely and reliably initiate it with the discovery of the detonator in 1863, a discovery that has been hailed as key to both the principle and practice of explosives. Apart from the detonator, Nobel’s major contribution was the invention of dynamite in 1865. This invention tamed nitroglycerine by simply mixing it with an absorbent material called kieselguhr (diatomous earth) as 75 percent nitroglycerin and 25 percent kieselguhr. These two inventions were the basis for the twentieth century explosives industry. Explosives are ideally suited to provide high energy in airless conditions. For that reason explosives have played and will continue to play a vital role in the exploration of space.

10. Fighter and Fighter Bomber Warplanes

Although new as weapons, fighters played an important role in World War I. Early in the war, reconnaissance planes and bombers were joined by fighters whose task it was to engage the enemy in aerial combat. Light machine guns were synchronized to fire through aircraft propellers. It was the German firm of Fokker which developed the first effective synchronizing device; this gave the Fokker planes, agile monoplanes, superiority over the Allies comparatively slow and less maneuverable biplanes. Aircraft development was then marked by a continuous catching-up process between German fighters on the one hand and French and British fighters on the other.

Research during World War II, especially in Germany, had shown that swept-back wings eased shockwave problems at high speeds. Important U.S. and Soviet aircraft developed shortly after the war, such as the Lockheed Sabre and MiG-15, had swept-back wings, and others adopted delta-wing layouts. Research and development in aerodynamics, structural engineering, materials science, and related fields led to the development of fighters and fighter–bombers with improved performance characteristics.

11. Fission and Fusion Bombs

Fission weapons were developed first in the U.S., then in the Soviet Union, and later in Britain, France, China, India, and Pakistan. By the first decade of the twenty-first century, there were seven countries that announced that they had nuclear weapons, and several others suspected of developing them.

12. High Explosive Shells and Bombs

Among the most baleful of twentieth century technological accomplishments was the vast elaboration of the means for inflicting death and destruction in war. While nuclear and chemical weapons occasioned more revulsion, conventional high-explosive weapons wrought far wider harm. A revolution began in the nineteenth century with the introduction of rifled cannon and effective explosive shells. This, in turn, brought an escalating contest between weapons and protection both for fortifications and ships. At the beginning of the twentieth century, shells were beginning to move from black powder fill to modern high explosives such as ammonium picrate and trinitrotoluene (TNT). High-explosive (HE) shells needed steel walls thick enough to withstand the shock of firing, limiting weights of bursting charges to no more than about 25 percent of the whole. Depending on the target, they might use either point-detonating or time fuses. The early time fuses continued, as they had in the nineteenth century, to depend on the time taken for a powder train of precut length to burn to its end.

13. High-Frequency and High-Power Radars

While early radar designers were driven to frequencies of more than 1000 megahertz by considerations of the availability of high-power components, it was appreciated very early on that higher frequencies and thus shorter wavelengths would allow better precision. Frequency and wavelength are inversely related according to the equation

Wavelength = c/frequency

where c = velocity of light.

Radars operating in the high-frequency (HF) band (3 to 30 megahertz) may detect targets well beyond the nominal horizon through two mechanisms: ‘‘sky wave’’ and ‘‘surface wave.’’ Early in the century, it was discovered that high-frequency radio waves were strongly refracted by the ionosphere. A HF beam aimed near the horizon would, under suitable conditions, be effectively reflected, returning to sea level some hundreds to thousands of kilometers from its transmission site. From the 1940s, interest developed in using this sky-wave transmission phenomenon to provide surveillance at great ranges. Early HF over-the-horizon radars (OTHRs) were bistatic ‘‘forward scatter’’ systems in which a widely separated transmitter and receiver detected and tracked targets lying between them. Ballistic missile tracking was a major application.

14. Long Range Ballistic Missiles

During the 1960s, the U.S. and the Soviet Union began to develop and deploy long-range ballistic missiles, both intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs). The former would have ranges over 8000 kilometers, and the latter would be limited to about 2400 kilometers. The German V-2 rocket built during World War II represented a short- or medium-range ballistic missile. The efficiency and long range of these missiles derived from the fact that they required fuel only to be launched up through the atmosphere and directed towards the target. They used virtually no fuel traveling through near outer space. They were ‘‘ballistic’’ rather than guided in that they fell at their target after a ballistic arc, like a bullet.

15. Long Range Cruise Missiles

A cruise missile is an air-breathing missile that can carry a high-explosive warhead or a weapon of mass destruction such as a nuclear warhead for an intermediate range of up to several hundred kilometers. When launched from the ground, such missiles are known as ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCMs). Some historians of weapons technology regard the German V-1 or ‘‘buzzbomb’’ operated in World War II, propelled with a ram-jet, air-breathing engine, as the first GLCM. The weapons do not require remote guidance, but automatically home in on pre-assigned targets, acting autonomously.

16. Long Range Radars and Early Warning Systems

During the 1930s, Great Britain was one of several countries, including most notably Germany and the U.S. that experimented with radar for early warning of air attacks. The British ‘‘Chain Home’’ system, designed by Sir Robert Watson-Watt and established by 1939, included a string of stations along the east and south coasts. By mid-1940, most of the stations featured two 73-meter wooden towers, one holding fixed transmitter aerials and the other receivers. When it was discovered that low-flying aircraft could slip undetected beneath the original fence, Britain created a second string of ‘‘Chain Home Low’’ stations, beginning with Truleigh Hill. The latter sites consisted of two separate aerials, one to transmit and the other to receive, mounted on 6-meter-high gantries and short enough to allow an operator inside the equipment hut beneath the gantry to manually rotate the arrays. Together, Chain Home and Chain Home Low provided a detection range of 40 to 190 kilometers depending on an incoming aircraft’s altitude. This early warning capability contributed immeasurably to the RAF victory over the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain.

17. Military Versus Civil Technologies

The exchange of technical ideas between the military world and the civilian world can be found throughout the history of technology, from the defensive machines of Archimedes in Syracuse about 250 BC, through the first application of the telescope by Galileo in military and commercial intelligence, to the application of nuclear fission to both weaponry and power production. In the twentieth century, as the military establishments of the great powers sought to harness inventive capabilities, they turned to precedents in the commercial and academic world, seeking new ways to organize research and development. By the 1960s, the phrase ‘‘technology transfer’’ described the exchange of technique and device between civilian and military cultures, as well as between one nation and another, and provided a name for the phenomenon that had always characterized the development of tools, technique, process, and application.

18. Nuclear Reactors and Weapons Material

The first successful nuclear reactor, called an ‘‘atomic pile’’ because of its structure of graphite bricks, was completed and operational on December 2, 1942, in Chicago in the U.S. Although originally built to demonstrate a controlled nuclear reaction, the reactor was later dismantled and the depleted uranium removed in order to recover minute amounts of plutonium for use in a nuclear weapon. In effect, Chicago Pile- One (CP-1) was not only the world’s first nuclear reactor but also the world’s first reactor used to produce material for a nuclear weapon.

19. Origins of Radar

Reflection was an important part of Heinrich Hertz’s 1887 demonstration of the existence of electromagnetic waves, and the idea of using that property to ‘‘see’’ in darkness or fog was developed shortly afterwards.

By the early 1930s, serious efforts were underway in the U.S., Germany, and Britain to construct radio-location devices using relatively long wavelengths. (Russian efforts were ahead in the early 1930s, but they yielded little as a result of serious organizational problems and purges that sent key engineers to the gulag.) The German company GEMA built the first device that can be called a functioning radar set in 1935 with Britain and America following only months behind. Two groups in the U.S.—the Signal Corps and the Naval Research Laboratories—proceeded independently but on lines very similar to those of the Germans in using dipole arrays. They had air-warning and searchlight-pointing prototype sets ready for production in 1939.

The British physicists Robert Watson Watt and Arnold Wilkins proceeded along a different line using wavelengths of tens of meters with broadcast rather than ‘‘searchlight’’ transmission. This equipment, although inferior to that working on shorter wavelengths, was seen by Air Vice-Marshal Hugh Dowding as the key to the air defense of Britain from expected German attack. As commander of the newly created Fighter Command, he created a system of radar stations and ground observers linked by secure telephone lines to the fighter units. He drilled Fighter Command to use the new technique, and when the Luftwaffe came in the summer of 1940, the attacking squadrons were ambushed by defending fighters positioned by radar.

20. Radar Aboard Aircraft

As with much else in radar, airborne radar sets were first developed during World War II, and most of the modern uses for such sets were explored during that war. While airborne radar shares much in common with surface and naval sets, there are many factors involved that make airborne installations very different from either of the latter.

At the beginning of the 21st century, combat aircraft continue to use radar for the same purposes as in World War II: navigation, air and surface search, and targeting. Using computers and guided munitions, they could also automatically release bombs or launch missiles at the appropriate time. The big difference between 1945 and 2018 is that most, if not all, of these functions can be done by a single aircraft carrying a single radar with a range and resolution much greater than any airborne set used during the war.

21. Radar Displays

Those who first conceived of radar early in the century often envisioned systems that would simply indicate, perhaps by sounding a buzzer or lighting a lamp, that a target had been detected and where it was located. Those who first reduced radar to practice in the 1930s, however, were radio scientists who knew that the returning radar signals would somehow have to be distinguished against a background of radio-frequency interference and noise. They were accustomed to displaying signals visually on cathode ray tube (CRT) oscilloscopes, and they naturally turned to such means for radar. This made the operator an essential part of the radar system, responsible for the final stages of the detection process and extraction of target data.

22. Radar Systems in World War II

With the onset of war in September 1939, Britain, Germany, and the U.S. had advanced radar designs while France, Russia, The Netherlands, Italy, and Japan had little of value in comparison although they had made research efforts along those lines. Of these endeavors, only Britain had proceeded past the prototype stage into a state of war readiness in the form of the Chain Home air defense. Germany had technically the best radar designs, but the Wehrmacht intended to wage a war of aggression and initially gave little support to a technology whose strength lay overwhelmingly in defense. In the U.S., because of the contentious battleship–bomber disputes of the 1920s, the Navy had pressed for any new technical method to defend ships against air attack, and the Army had sought to perfect its anti-aircraft artillery with methods of combating bombers at night.

23. Reconnaissance Warplanes

After World War I and during World War II, technological effort was aimed at putting the camera at higher altitudes, theoretically out of the ability of the enemy to reach and destroy it, and to further increase its operational effectiveness by allowing it to operate in the dark. This led to development of electrical heating apparatus that prevented camera shutters from being adversely affected by the cold at high altitudes and to the slit camera that adjusted the speed at which film was fed through the camera to the speed of the aircraft, an advance that improved the production of maps of enemy territory. Nighttime operations were aided by aerial flash equipment designed by Harold Edgerton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which provided not only well-lit scenery, but also frozen imagery of the target, an asset vital to effective bomb sighting.

With the opening of the Cold War, the mindset that kept pushing reconnaissance to increasingly high altitudes and greater speeds took on a new importance as it not only kept the camera out of the enemy’s physical reach, but out of his legal and political reach as well. The Royal Air Force’s first jet bomber, the Canberra, counted on both speed and altitude to keep it away from enemy fighters. These advantages were to prove useful to reconnaissance as well and the Canberra still serves in the RAF inventory. The quest for speed and height led ultimately to the two best-known Cold War reconnaissance aircraft, the U-2 and the SR-71. Capable of cruising at 740 kilometers per hour (km/h), with a range of 3540 kilometers, and a ceiling of 17,000 meters. (21,000 meters and above in the later models), the U-2 represented the cutting edge in aerial intelligence gathering until it was superceded by the faster and higher flying SR-71. The Blackbird pushed the altitude envelope to over 26,000 meters and was able to maintain speeds of Mach 3.2.

24. Short Range and Guided Missiles

With most nations surrounding their military capabilities with considerable secrecy, different published range figures and guidance types sometimes contradicted each other. Furthermore, the distinction between an intermediate-range missile (up to about 2400 kilometers) and an intercontinental- or long-range missile was a matter of definition over which there was never complete agreement. Some publications would include submarine- launched missiles up to intermediate range in short- and medium-range ballistic missile listings. Although the missiles listed here were generally capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, most were also loaded with conventional explosive warheads.

The word ‘‘sonar’’ originated in the U.S. Navy during World War II as an acronym for ‘‘SOund NAvigation and Ranging,’’ which referred to the systematic use of sound waves, transmitted or reflected, to determine water depths as well as to detect and locate submerged objects. Until it adopted that term in 1963, the British Admiralty had used ‘‘ASDIC,’’ an abbreviation for the Anti- Submarine Detection Investigation Committee that led the effort among British, French, and American scientists during World War I to locate submarines and icebergs using acoustic echoes. American shipbuilder Lewis Nixon invented the first sonar-type device in 1906. Physicist Karl Alexander Behm in Kiel, Germany, disturbed by the Titanic disaster of April 1912, invented an echo depth sounder for iceberg detection in July 1913. Although developed and improved primarily for military purposes in World War I, sonar devices became useful in such fields as oceanography and medical practice (e.g., ultrasound).

26. Submarines

The basic technology of the submarine is quite simple and has remained constant since its inception. The boat submerges by taking on water through vents to decrease its buoyancy and surfaces by expelling the water with compressed air. The outward appearance of the military submarine has remained remarkably constant throughout its modern development—a cigar-shaped hull topped by the immediately recognizable conning tower with a periscope for viewing the surface.

We can break submarine technology into five categories:

• Hull design
• Stealthiness
• Ancillary technologies.

27. Surface-to-Air and Anti-Ballistic Missiles

In World War II, when Japanese kamikaze aircraft showed the amount of damage that could be inflicted with a single explosive-laden plane, it became apparent that machine gun and antiaircraft fire were insufficient protection against current and future weapons. The answer was to combine radar detection, guided rockets, and the proximity fuse into surface-to-air missiles or SAMs. Intensive development in the postwar years produced the Sea Sparrow in the 1950s as one of the first, successful SAMS. When identifying a Warsaw Pact weapon as a surface-to-air missile, NATO forces would assign it an ‘‘SA’’ or surface– air, number.

Despite some curiosity on the part of a handful of other nations, the development of the tank in the twentieth century was largely a British affair. Yet even Britain did not intentionally set out to develop it. Like many things, the tank was the result of other technologies being developed as well as a response to the dangers some of those very technologies presented. Although tanks were plagued with problems of power, protection, and a lack of vision about their use at the beginning of the 20th century, and despite the massive advances in weapons of all kinds during the century, at the beginning of the 21st century the tank remained a vital instrument of warfare.

Warfare and Military Technology in the 20th Century

In spite of its similarity to nineteenth-century warfare, World War I witnessed several new developments, most notably the airplane, the tank, and the truck. Between 1919 and 1939, the implications of these new developments were worked out, producing new operational approaches that transformed warfare.

During World War II (1939–1945), European land warfare was dominated by mobile armored forces that swept back and forth across the continent. While armies fought on the ground, air forces contended for control of European skies. In this massive air war, Allied bombers devastated Germany’s industrial base and population centers.

Meanwhile, in the Pacific region, the war centered on aircraft carrier task forces that battled each other and supported amphibious operations. The war started with Japan conquering much of the western Pacific, only to be pushed back by superior Allied arms and forced to surrender when American B-29 bombers dropped the only two atomic bombs ever used in war.

By the time World War II ended in the Pacific, Japan’s military resources had been severely reduced by Allied military actions. The reduction of Japanese resources, along with the progressive weakening of Germany in the European theater, suggest that World War II, like the first, was an attrition war in which industrial capacity was as important as military forces.

Two of the most revolutionary developments of World War II were the atomic bomb and the long-range ballistic missile. When more fully developed and mated to each other during the Cold War (1946–1991), they became what is perhaps the most revolutionary weapon in military history, the nuclear-tipped, intercontinental-range ballistic missile (ICBM). In the end, the Cold War was another attrition conflict, ending with the economic exhaustion and collapse of the Soviet Empire.

The end of the Cold War reduced the tensions that had kept nuclear strike forces on hair-trigger alert since the 1950s. Although nuclear weapons still existed, relations between the U.S. and the Russian Federation that emerged from the defunct Soviet Union were no longer based on mutually assured destruction (MAD), as both sides reduced their nuclear forces and the U.S. continued developing missile defenses.

While there were a number of significant ‘‘limited’’ wars during the twentieth century, the five major episodes described above unleashed the greatest national energies. These energies were molded into major new military systems through the process of command technology that is rooted in England of the 1880s according to historian William McNeill. Before this time, weapons were either developed in government-owned arsenals or by private entrepreneur inventors. A major change began in 1886 when the British Admiralty, dissatisfied with the performance of the government arsenal at Woolwich, started contracting with private arms makers for the development of new weapons. Under this approach, the Admiralty established the specifications for a new weapon and effectively challenged the contractor to produce it. This contracting system marks the beginning of command technology. Tantamount to invention on demand, this process of state-sponsored research and development spread throughout the West, becoming the dominant paradigm for weapons acquisition by 1945.

One product of command technology during World War I was the tank, which was developed by the British to cross fire-swept terrain between the trenches and breech the German defenses. While the tank proved capable of completing its mission, its successes were limited due to technical limitations and a lack of understanding of how best to use the new weapon.

The principal enabling technology for the tank was the internal combustion engine, which also powered World War I trucks and airplanes. The former improved logistics by connecting troops in forward positions with railheads and supply depots in the rear. The latter opened an entirely new realm of warfare and, over the course of the war, suggested all the missions the airplane would perform in future wars.

Building on the lessons of World War I, air power advocates used the period between the two world wars to develop a rigorous body of air power doctrine. At the same time, the world’s leading powers developed aircraft of increasing capabilities to execute the missions defined in their doctrines.

The U.S. emphasized long-range bombers to execute daylight, precision bombardment—the dominant doctrine in America’s air force. England also developed bombers, but she also pursued fighter development because of the threat posed by the air force of a rearming Germany. In addition to bombers, Germany developed tactical aircraft to support its new approach to ground warfare—Blitzkrieg.

The basic ideas behind Blitzkrieg had emerged by the end of World War I, as the capabilities of tanks and aircraft improved. After the war, the Germans developed these ideas further and mated them to the panzer division, which included tanks, mechanized artillery, and motorized infantry. Through radio communications, these elements were integrated into coherent units that also used their radios to coordinate supporting air attacks by Germany’s tactical fighters. Using their air support, the panzers would execute deep, penetrating attacks to unbalance opponents and keep them from shoring up their defenses once these had been breeched.

World War II in Europe opened with Blitzkrieg attacks that swiftly overran Poland in 1939 and France in 1940. It ended with Allied air forces supporting mechanized operations that pushed German forces out of their conquered territories prior to overrunning Germany itself.

While the Germans were perfecting Blitzkrieg, naval officers around the world were integrating aviation into naval operations. This entailed developing true aircraft carriers with landing decks that ran the full length of vessels, allowing aircraft to both take-off and land on the carrier. The advent of these carriers prompted a debate over which ship, the carrier or the battleship, would dominate the next war.

This question was settled decisively at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, when Japanese carrier aircraft damaged or sank every American battleship in the harbor. Throughout the remainder of the war in the Pacific, the principal measure of naval power was the carrier task force in which battleships, cruisers, and destroyers used their firepower principally to protect their carriers from attack by enemy planes and submarines. The impact of the carrier on naval warfare is clearly illustrated by the May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea, the first naval engagement in which the surface forces never sighted each other. Throughout the remainder of the century, the carrier task force dominated naval operations.

Three years before the Battle of the Coral Sea, physicist Albert Einstein alerted U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to the potential of nuclear fission. After having this concept evaluated by a panel of scientists, Roosevelt launched the Manhattan District Project to develop an atomic bomb.

There were two major facets to this project: developing an industrial base to produce fissionable materials and designing the bomb itself. On July 16, 1945, less than three years after the project began, the world’s first atomic bomb was detonated in New Mexico. Within a month, the U.S. had dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, forcing the Japanese to surrender. About a decade before the U.S. launched its atomic bomb project, the Germans began work on what would become the world’s first long-range ballistic missile. In 1937, this program was greatly expanded with the establishment of a vast, new rocket development center at Peenemunde. The German program employed several hundred scientists and technicians who were supported by a large budget that could be coupled to Germany’s industrial base and its university research facilities through a flexible contracting system.

This rocket program is a classic example of command technology. Guided by specifications established by the army’s ordnance office, the Peenemunde team made rapid progress after 1937. In June 1942, the team completed the first successful test of the V-2 rocket, which became the world’s first operational long-range missile when it began hitting allied cities in September 1944. This choice of targets, which was dictated by the missile’s inaccuracy and the limited size of its warhead, meant that the V-2 was essentially a terror weapon with little real military value.

Immediately after World War II, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union absorbed German rocket developments and began working energetically to produce long-range missiles that could be used for military purposes. A major breakthrough came in the 1950s when both countries demonstrated the ability to produce thermonuclear bombs. This meant that warheads could be made that were light enough to be carried by a missile, yet powerful enough to compensate for missile inaccuracies. Moreover, the advent of the hydrogen bomb ushered in an era of ‘‘nuclear plenty,’’ since fusion fuel is plentiful and inexpensive when compared to fission fuel.

At the same time, work was progressing on inertial guidance systems that would be much more accurate than the system used in the V-2. A major breakthrough here was the development of more sensitive inertial measuring units that were based on complex mechanical structures, computer advances, and improved electro-optical technologies.

The simultaneous resolution of guidance and warhead problems made the ICBM feasible. Paradoxically, because these weapons could destroy civilization, the doctrine governing their employment, mutual assured destruction (MAD), aimed to deter their use. MAD required each side to have enough nuclear weapons to absorb a nuclear attack and still be able to inflict unacceptable losses on the attacker.

America’s first ICBM became operational in 1959. In developing this missile, the U.S. Air Force pioneered a new management discipline that was based on insights into the functioning of complex weapons.

Until well into the nineteenth century, weapons were largely simple, stand-alone devices. However, by World War I, they were often amalgams of complex components as in the case of the giant dreadnought class battleships that dominated naval warfare during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

During the World War II, air defenses and aircraft carriers raised the complexity of weaponry another order of magnitude. It was at this point that the pioneers of operational analysis made the point that optimizing the performance of complex weapons required a thorough understanding of how their components interacted with each other and with their operational environment. Assuring a proper ‘‘fit’’ between system components became the work of systems engineering. Bringing operational analysis and systems engineering together to create an effective weapon was the function of systems management, a discipline that was more fully developed and formalized in the U.S.’s huge ICBM program that was launched in the 1950s. The success of the ICBM program transformed systems management into the principal paradigm for managing major weapons programs, including those for self-guided and precision-guided munitions (PGMs).

A major inspiration for self-guided munitions was the airplane. Before the advent of artificial sensors, computers, and advanced servo motors, the presence of a pilot offered one means, beyond initial aiming, to guide a weapon to its target. Indeed, one of the best known early efforts to achieve precision guidance was the Japanese use of suicide pilots who attempted to fly their planes into U.S. ships during the World War II. Less well known are U.S. and German efforts to develop unmanned glide bombs and vertical bombs that could be controlled from the aircraft that dropped them.

Germany’s desperate efforts to down Allied bombers near the end of the World War II spawned several innovative concepts in the area of precision-guided surface-to-air missiles or SAMs. Included here was the use of a simple infrared sensor to allow SAMs to home in on hot bomber engines. Another SAM was to have been guided by commands from the ground that reached the interceptor via a thin wire that played out as the missile flew toward its target. Fortunately for Allied bombers, these ideas came too late in the war to be implemented.

More fully developed after World War II, wire-guided missiles were used extensively in limited and regional wars such as the Vietnam War (1965–1973) in which an American wire-guided missile achieved an 80 percent hit rate. Soviet wire-guided missiles were used extensively by the Egyptians to inflict heavy losses on Israeli armor during the early phase of the 1973 Arab–Israeli War.

Infrared heat-seeking technology was widely applied in missile guidance after 1945. By 1953, the U.S. had developed the world’s first heat-seeking air-to-air missile. Widely used throughout the rest of the century, these missiles generally employed a small, nose-mounted infrared sensor to guide them to the hot engine tailpipe of enemy aircraft. Shoulder-held heat-seekers were also developed to protect soldiers against air attacks. By the end of the century, the spread of these small, portable missiles was causing concern that terrorists might use them against commercial jetliners.

Other precision-guided missiles used radar in their guidance systems. While some were designed for air-to-air combat, others were built to home in on the signal from air defense radars. Radar-guided SAMs also became central to effective air defenses.

Systematic efforts to develop defenses against aircraft began during World War I when the British tried to stop German bomber attacks on England. Twenty years later, with England facing the prospect of air attacks from a rearming Nazi Germany, Sir Robert Watson-Watt advised the British government that reflected radio waves could be used to locate attacking aircraft. This principal became the basis for a radar system that the British began deploying in the mid-1930s. By the time German planes attacked London in 1940, England had deployed an air defense system that used radar plots and radio communications to guide defensive fighters to attacking German planes.

The use of radar here is an important departure. The increasing speed and range of the airplane collapsed time and threatened to deprive the defender of adequate response time. Using instruments such as binoculars and listening devices to increase the power of human senses was no longer adequate for locating an attacking force. Radar marks the first effort in military affairs to extend human perception by using phenomena outside the normal range of man’s five senses. The British Chain Home radar system could detect aircraft approaching at an altitude of 6000 meters at a range of 145 kilometers, providing a warning time of 15 minutes for planes flying at 580 kilometers per hour.

Faced with the threat of nuclear-armed Soviet bombers in the 1950, the US. developed a continental- wide air defense system with a forward-based radar system to provide the earliest possible warning of attack. Radar data were fed to computerized control centers that automated the manual process of vectoring interceptors to their targets. These centers could simultaneously track 200 attacking bombers while vectoring 200 interceptors to their intercept points.

As this system was becoming operational, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union began deploying ICBMs. Against these weapons, bomber defenses were essentially useless. The ICBM’s speed allowed it to traverse thousands of kilometers in a matter of minutes, further compressing the time for defensive actions. Some way had to be found to recapture the lost response time.

Improved ground-based radars provided fifteen minutes of warning time in the case of an ICBM attack. An additional fifteen minutes were gained by deploying satellite-based, infrared sensors that surveilled enemy missile fields around the clock. More time was recovered by parsing time into picoseconds, providing billions of time units that could be effectively managed by high-speed computers to optimize defensive reactions.

Later missile defense concepts pursued under the Strategic Defense Initiative, which was launched in 1984 by the US., sought to improve the odds for a successful defense by placing interceptor missiles in space. Furthermore, the U.S. pursued various concepts for directed energy weapons, which promised a near instantaneous kill, since beam velocities approached the speed of light. Combining orbiting lasers with space-based interceptors would produce a defense capable of destroying enemy missiles during the boost phase before they released their multiple warheads and decoys.

As the twentieth century was ending, the U.S. was developing an airborne laser that could also destroy ballistic missiles during their boost phases. This weapon also promised to be effective against attacking aircraft.

The high-speed computer, so crucial to the prospects of missile defense, was also central to the development and proliferation of command and control systems after 1950. These systems formed an integrated ‘‘picture’’ of current situations based on information from a wide variety of sources. Included among these sources are battlefield sensors, overhead satellites, electronic intelligence, and units engaged in combat. This picture provided the basis for extending and tightening the control exerted of senior political and military leaders. Computerized systems also played a major role in managing military logistics, so essential to modern military forces.

Developments such as high-speed computers, lasers, radar, and infrared sensors point toward a fundamentally new departure in twentieth-century weaponry: the creation of advanced military capabilities based on esoteric scientific principles. These principles are generated through abstract, mathematical reasoning and are not readily discoverable through the traditional methods of careful observation and the manipulation of materials. Without the highly mathematical electromagnetic field theory of James Clerk Maxwell there would be no radio or radar. Without the work of scientists like J. J. Thompson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr there would have been no atomic theory and no basis for conceiving nuclear fission.

Introducing scientists into the mix of engineers, technicians, and managers that was central to earlier forms of command technology greatly increased government’s power to invent on command. As the century was ending, this enhanced form of command technology had created in military affairs a situation similar to what historian Walter McDougall described as a perpetual technological revolution.

Change had become one of the few constants in military affairs. Making effective ‘‘transformations’’ in force structures and doctrines to ensure success in future wars was more clearly than ever a core concern for military professionals and their civilian leaders.

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171 Military Essay Topics

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• Military Mindset: Leadership, Discipline, Resilience, and Teamwork This literature review will focus on the four themes identified in the context of the military mindset, which are leadership, discipline, resilience, and teamwork.
• The Military Coup in Myanmar in 2021 The paper states that the experience of the d’Etat military coup is not the first of its kind. It shows that no definite conclusions have been drawn.
• Military Diversity: US Army The article focuses on the need and benefits of ensuring cultural and racial diversity, as well as gender balance in the US military.
• Domestic Violence in the Military Domestic violence is a pervasive problem connected with PTSD, subsequent substance abuse, and occupational hazards that increase stress and result in marital conflict.
• Secondary Traumatization of PTSD Among Children in Military Families Military officers and veterans work in highly stressful environments, hence, experiencing different levels of PTSD depending on the armed nature of a given conflict.
• Military Drones: Innovation Project Unmanned aerial vehicles have revolutionized modern-day wars and the approach that is used to collect data, especially in locations deemed unsafe for military personnel.
• Leadership Deficiency in the Military Destructive leadership strategy contributes to the concept of adequate leadership deficiency in the US military today and presents a major problem for soldiers and officers.
• Analysis of LGBT Integration in Military The study examines integrating LGBT people into the army and identified the main points that influenced the formation of acceptance of gays, lesbians, and transsexuals.
• Egyptian Military Potential Analysis The Egyptian military potential is large compared to many other countries. The country is highly equipped with heavy ground and air techniques.
• Fire Support Planning in Military Fire support planning is an efficient practice aimed at improved cooperation and coordination between all fire teams.
• The Massive Military’s Layoff of the Obama Administration This paper discusses the massive layoff within the military during the Obama administration using the four-frame model.
• Napoleon’s Achievements and Military Campaigns Napoleon was one of the greatest men in the history of humanity. Being a brilliant commander, he managed to win a number of significant battles and create new efficient strategies.
• When Is the Use of Military Force Justified? Current justification of the use of military force is quite reasonable, but it is still far too loose for being used only in the instances that cannot be addressed with the help of diplomacy.
• Military Transition to Civilian Life As the target audience for this study, first-generation Latinos are involved, who have completed military service and moved on to civilian life.
• Technology Influences That Affect the Military This work is aimed at identifying significant factors that influence the activities of the military and modern national security standards.
• Strategic Thinking and Military Lessons Strategic thinking enables a person to reach levels that one could have otherwise not reached if they were to work in a conventional manner.
• The Military Profession’s Culture and Ethics This paper analyzes the military profession, its culture, and ethics which are vital factors for the military human resource specialist.
• Alexander the Great as a Military General Whereas some sources claim that Alexander’s military tactics borrowed heavily from those of his father, Philip II of Macedonia, there are critics who believe that they did not.
• Justification for the Use of Military Force Military intervention was a feasible alternative for averting external aggression in the past, and it is still the most viable option for fighting global terrorism.
• Military Policy that Should Be Changed The military is a secret organization that does not disclose its activities to the public, mainly because of the strict rules and regulations. Some of how things are conducted ought to be changed.
• Customs and Courtesies in the Military: Survey Feedback Use of survey feedback as a means of improving safety culture and consciousness in the U. S. army has increased staff awareness of safety and risks while on and off-duty.
• Operation Anaconda: Military Campaign in Afghanistan In conclusion in Operation Anaconda, the US forces found success. It had been a vital step both as a joined military force and as a resistance to al-Qaeda.
• An Effective Leadership Style in Military Units This paper proposes a research study intended to gather more information regarding different types of leadership in military units.
• Army Leadership and Military Profession Leadership is a term that refers to the process of motivating and directing people to achieve common goals. It can also be defined as the ability of an influence.
• Human Resource Competencies in the Military HR managers in the military are responsible for policy implementations, training, determining performance requirements, and keeping morale levels.
• Military Sexual Trauma: PTSD in Female Veterans The following paper suggests a literature review on the subject of post traumatic stress disorder associated with military sexual trauma in female veterans.
• Power, Influence, and Communications Within a Military Setting There are five primary types of power that can be exercised to gain influence over others, they include coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent power.
• Mental Health Stigma for Military Man and Civilians This source will contribute to my research regarding comparing the mental disorder stigma among civilians and military veterans.
• Article 86 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice For applying the provisions of Article 86 there must be proof that the accused had actual knowledge of the time and place where he was required to be present.
• Positive Psychology for Military Leadership Leadership in the military is a complex task given the adverse working environment of officers especially during and after deployment.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans Both in the military and civilian life, people encounter traumatic occurrences that challenge their perception of the world or themselves.
• Mental Health Conditions Among Military Veterans The research will analyze whether the incidence of symptoms and their link to individuals’ experiences relate to their military service
• Military Human Resource Professionals: Activities Optimization Civilian and military managers are the members of the team that is responsible for appropriate and effective services offered to people who are engaged in military life.
• The Military Leadership: Key Points There are three main points in understanding the military leadership: inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation.
• The Issue of Substance Abuse in the Military The paper discusses substance abuse in the military. The Army Substance Abuse Program should merge with the Army Family Advocacy Program.
• The Authorization for the Use of Military Force The Authorization for the Use of Military Force is a piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress following the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
• The Canadian Armed Forces: Impact of Military History Understanding Canada’s military history and the divergent local and international relations contributes to appreciating the core values of service in the Canadian Armed Forces.
• Foundation of Army Leadership: Military Culture and Its Impact on Mental Health The pillars of military leadership are character, presence, and intellect. The character may be described as an individual’s distinct mental and moral attributes.
• Veterans’ Transition From the Military to Civilian Life This paper examines the main problems encountered by veterans during the transition from the military to civilian life, for example, social stigmas and drug abuse.
• Closing the Gap Between Military Service and Civilian Career A gulf between Military Service and Civilian careers prevents veterans from successfully integrating into society after military service.
• Ancient History: The Key Military Periods In the ancient history, the key military periods are connected with the Trojan, Messenian, and Greco-Persian wars, the campaigns of Alexander the Great, and the Hellenistic wars.
• Military Spending and the US Foreign Policy Military spending has become an issue of debate in recent years as a section of the United States population believes it may be affecting other sectors.
• Analysis of The British Military Aircraft Incident The incident occurred on July 22, 1966, at RAF Lyneham Air Force Base (Chippenham, UK) while maintaining a Lightning F53 supersonic interceptor aircraft.
• The Issue of Military Aviation Crashes Military aviation is one of the most complex elements of the military system. The paper discusses the issue of aviation crashes and recommendations for its addressing.
• Military Violence: Negative Impact on Society This paper focuses on military violence and its negative impact on society. Gun violence is a critically relevant topic that affects all segments of the population of the US.
• Military Aviation Safety and Human Factor The current report examines the connection between military aviation safety and the human factor, exploring the most pressing concerns within the topic.
• The Rise of Sexual Assault in the US Military The paper explores why the numbers of Sexual Harassment and Sexual Assault cases continue to rise throughout the Army, despite all the training that takes place.
• Tahtib: Egyptian Sports and Military Game Both competing audiences benefit from the beauty and constancy of tahtib skills and rhythm, which have evolved over their long history.
• The Issue of Rising Levels of Opioid Addiction in the Military The proposed research will seek to establish the correlation between veterans’ injuries and opioid addictions among this population.
• COVID-19 Impact on Military Supply Chain Management In the military, logistics managers should get and deliver equipment and supplies to troops, which affects national security and is a relevant issue that requires a solution.
• Maintaining and Not Losing Equipment in the Military Understanding the importance of maintaining and not losing equipment in the military depends on three aspects – availability, quality, and personal needs.
• Expenditures for Pensions, Social Welfare, and Military It is no mystery that the U.S. military budget is the biggest in the world with a significant margin, even despite the absence of imminent global threats.
• US Military Interventions Between 1918 and 1962 This paper provides a review of U.S. military interventions between 1918 and 1962, discussing the effectiveness and pros and cons of military operations.
• Human Resources in Military Sphere The army is responsible for the country’s security and includes many representatives in various positions – from generals to ordinary soldiers.
• Alexander the Great: The World’s Greatest Military General Alexander III of Macedon, known worldwide as Alexander the Great, is frequently regarded as one of the world’s greatest military generals of all time.
• The Collective Unity Against Military Might The colonists managed to be victorious against a greater and stronger army of the British empire due to superior leadership, consolidation of alliances, and military strategies.
• When the U.S. Military Strikes While the state of war between the parties can be questioned on the international level, the US authorities are clear in their reasoning and intentions.
• World War II: Maskirovka Military Deception and Denials Operations This paper investigates the impact of maskirovka military deception and denials operations, a component of information warfare. The case study is set during World War II.
• Warfare Theories, Military Technology and Pacifism Warfare generally denotes the intentional and consistent military action among independent nations or states until the defeat of the opponent.
• Hurricane Katrina: Military and Civilian Response One of the three most dramatic catastrophes of the millennium, hurricane Katrina highlighted weak points of government and military forces.
• Omar Nelson Bradley in American Military History Omar Nelson Bradley is one of the most influential military people in the history of the United States. He was assigned by the President to several military positions.
• Media Coverage of Transgender Policy in Military This paper aims to provide an annotated bibliography for the ten articles related to the topic of media coverage of transgender policy in the military.
• History of the US Military The US military is presently seen not just as the most impressive and exceptional outfitted power on the planet yet one with a multifaceted administrative role also.
• “Yankee Blitzkrieg”: Historical Assessment of the Former Military “Yankee Blitzkrieg” is a book describing the largest mounted expedition led by James H. Wilson; it is characterized by consistency, clarity, and innovative narrative tactics.
• Transition from Military Service to Entrepreneurship Identifying the positive and negative traits acquired during military service is an essential aspect of studying the success of veterans in entrepreneurship.
• Kolcaba’s Comfort Theory in Regard to Military Veterans With PTSD To sum up, if the experiment proves reliable and valid, the application for those who have PTSD may be improved or facilitated for everyday use.
• Combat to Corporate: Migrating from Military Leadership to Business Military leadership and civilian business leadership rely on overlapping sets of leadership skills and personal traits.
• Cognitive Behavior Theory for Military Veteran Cognitive behavior theory is based on the idea that an individual is able to alter their behavior by interfering with their thought patterns.
• Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Addressing the Issue This essay will address sexual assaults in the U.S. military, examine possible causes, and acknowledge possible solutions.
• Military Leadership: Combat Bunker to the Corporate Boardroom The research on the topic of leadership management is substantial, filled with primary and secondary sources covering the various aspects of theoretical and practical discussions.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Militants experience a significant number of traumatic events that subject them to PTSD. The culture of the military plays a significant role in promoting veteran mental wellness.
• Military Leadership Traits Migration into Business Recently, society has been observing military people’s tendency to transition into entrepreneurs, and this phenomenon becomes increasingly popular annually.
• Combat to Corporate: Military Traits in Business The investigation aims to determine what military traits are most likely to be incorporated into a business sphere and how they can benefit it.
• Internet-of-Things in the Military and Its Feasibility This paper provides an analysis of the Internet of Military Things functions and a description of its feasibility in the future and its associated costs.
• Reason for the Roman Military’s Success This essay will argue that the main reason for the Roman military success was not only strong discipline and hard training but also a careful selection of recruit.
• The Counterterrorism Tasks by the Military and Government The US government works with other governments to fight against terrorism. Efforts are made to discourage and anticipate attacks by apprehending the individuals.
• Shooting at Military Recruiting Center: Identification, Description, Historical Background The attack occurred at Chattanooga, when a 24-year old Kuwaiti gunman stormed a military recruiting station and opened fire to trainees.
• Belize’s Military Capability Belize’s military potential is limited to border protection with minimal assault capabilities. The major factor disrupting stable affairs is its dispute with Guatemala.
• Political Science: Human Security & Revolution-in-Military-Affairs The major susceptibilities and challenges include protracted violence and political conflicts, diseases, epidemics, natural calamities, economic crises and ethnic violence.
• The Foundation of Army Leadership and Military Training One of the aims of military leadership is to prepare soldiers for the defensive mission. Army leaders provide direction and set goals for the subordinates to achieve successfully.
• The History of Women in the United States Military The increase of the part of women in the military of USA is not steady but concurs with the periods of wars when they could prove the irreplaceability of their skills.
• The President’s and Congress’s Powers Regarding Using Military Forces The powers of the US President consist of the powers admitted by Article II of the US Constitution, powers accepted by Acts of Congress, and, besides, there is soft power.
• Correlation Between Military Leaders and Cultural Diversity The article discusses the need for modern military personnel to be trained as leaders, free from cultural bias in their views and actions.
• Military Conflict and Involvement Consequences Humanity entered the era of humanism, characterized by the great attention to human rights, the man in the whole, and by the constant wars and military conflicts.
• American-Japanese Military and Race Conflicts in the Book “War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War” The issues of prejudice, tunnel vision and inability to see the situation from all sides are described in the present book.
• Involuntary Discharged Military Personnel Transitioning into Civilian Workforce Most of the findings of many researchers have focused on veterans and former employees who exited the profession voluntarily.
• The Children Use in Military Activities The issue of children serving as soldiers in military conflicts is sensitive indeed. The increasing use of children in military conflicts has grown and threatens the social fibre.
• Religious Studies and Theology: Paganism in the Military Paganism has spread far and wide in society. From academia to the military, the practice of paganism is being accepted and accommodated just like other religions.
• Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell: Gays in the Us Military Homosexuals in the military have always had to hide their sexual orientation to prevent discrimination, incrimination, or even discharge from service.
• Military Leadership Characteristics in U.S.A The army of the United States has professional military ethics, which states that a military leader should be loyal to his or her nation and unit.
• Military Service: The Obligation of the American Citizens Joining the military is associated with various benefits. It is a good opportunity for one to realize their patriotism in addition to educational standards.
• Critical Decisions Making: Get Out of the Military This analysis will help me get the best out of the decision by avoiding the various biases to come to a better decision.
• EU Requirement of Common Foreign and Military Policy This paper discusses the need for a common foreign and military policy for the EU. The European Union is at the forefront in asserting itself to play a role in world affairs.
• Gays in the Military: Current Situation and Problems While much effort is being put in to allow the marriage of persons of the same sex, this has not affected the military, since homosexuals are barred from taking up in the military.
• Homeland Security: The Role of the US Military Increased military involvement in homeland security better prepares the country for multiple disasters as it expands its capacity.
• American Public Attitudes to Overseas Military Deployment This essay will discuss the role of the increased media coverage in the shaping of the attitudes of Americans towards military activity abroad.
• Hiring Prior Military for a Job An increasing number of the citizen-soldier population gives the Government few reasons to provide such people with guarantees of their employment.
• Military Forces in the Twenty-First Century This essay aims to show that in the twenty-first century the military forces will be directed more toward peace and security maintenance issues around the world.
• US Military Overseas Commitments North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance which was formed by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in the year 1949.
• To Have or Not to Have a Military Draft To have or not to have a military draft is a debate that has sparked many views nationwide. America has not had a military draft since 1973.
• Immediate Troop-Withdrawal Plan: Withdrawal of the American Military Forces From Iraq There was increased debate on whether to withdraw the American Military forces from Iraq since they were the once who were behind the war that was in Iraq that lasted for a period of five years.
• Transforming Military Logistic Systems in the Department of Defense Technology has indeed helped resolve some of the world’s greatest challenges. For this reason, it is viable to argue that tech can be used to solve challenges faced within supply chain management.
• Transitioning from Military to Civilian Life People who have participated in a war, killed someone, or became injured due to others’ actions take much time to recover.
• Social Adaptation of Former Military Members Social adaptation to civilian life of former members of the military is a unique and significant area of inquiry.
• When Military Force Is Justified The use of military force should be the last option after all other dispute resolution mechanisms have failed. This paper discusses cases where military force is justified.
• Unity of Command in Military Operation Anaconda The major purpose of the unity of command is to arrange the effective operation of various forces under the authority of a single commander.
• Sexual Harassment and Assault in the Military The marines are extremely negatively disposed towards the presence of female soldiers in their combat formations.
• United States Military Veteran Suicides and Causes Researchers have not agreed on the exact causes of suicide cases in the US military. Initially, it was assumed that deployment was a risk factor for this behavior.
• Military Commissions and Terrorism Prevention The measures aimed at reducing the spread of international terrorism should align with international laws. The legal authority of military commissions should be discussed.
• Military Social Worker’s Qualities and Skills This essay describes personal and leadership qualities that need to have in the perfect candidate for being a military social worker.
• The Level of Military Service Organization in the US The paper analysis the idea to optimize the core activities of military HR professionals to the level that is demonstrated by the representatives from the Department of Defense (DOD).
• American Military Management Systems Assessment Adequate assessment of sources of potential threats can increase national safety with regard to numerous messages that are used by terrorists.
• Asian International Politics and Military Conflicts The Cold War mentality of Japan was that of strengthening ties with Western powers to contain other Asian emerging powers.
• Management Styles in the Military Field Organizations want to outperform their competitors and choose management styles that fit their organizational and market realities.
• Military Organization: Leveraging Human Capital The discussion outlines various approaches that can be used in the targeted military organization to leverage human capital.
• The King Fahd Military Medical Complex: Patient Improvement This report discusses decrease length of stay and improve patient workflow at the King Fahd Military Medical Complex’s accident and emergency department.
• Military Veterans’ Mental Health Needs The topic of the study concerns the mental health needs of veterans who suffer different types of disorders as the result of their military service.
• WWI and Interwar Military Innovations WWI triggered the development of an array of interwar military innovations. Today specialization is common in contemporary military forces.
• American Military Approaches in the East This work discusses questions related to the Korean War, US military approaches in Vietnam, Vietnamization, the Arab-Israeli war, and the American way of war.
• Military Treatment, Success, and Diverse Groups This paper highlights the correlation between the integration of the micro and macro-sociological theories and the successful treatment of diverse groups.
• Military Personnel and Psychological Risks Researchers have discovered that the sense of loneliness is one of the risk factors that potentially cause various mental disorders among active-duty soldiers.
• Military on the US Southern Border Even serving at the southern border, the military will not be able to serve all issues associated with the case of Mexico.
• Bereaved Military Children: Group Intervention Bereavement is one of the most stressful events, and it is closely linked to anxiety, depression, fear, aggressiveness, and regression.
• Stress in the Military A study conducted by the Careercast.com in 2013 indicated that the military working environment was characterized by numerous stressors.
• The Great Depression and Military Spending The Great Depression had a devastating impact on the US economy. But military spending could be consider the main tool of it ended and promoting the growth of the industrial sector.
• Military Spending by the Government of the United States The US federal government allocates excess resources to its military, and some money could assist in other areas of the economy.
• Stealth Aircraft Support in the United States Military This paper will argue that maintaining an edge on military technology and the air force is crucial for the US by giving reasons why it is important for the US military to have stealth aircrafts.
• Automated vs. Military Pitot Static Tester The report proposes that the Military Pitot Static Model is much better than the 6300 model. However, diligence should be observed depending on the aircraft that is being tested.
• Military Bases on Okinawa: Impact on Economy The American military based on the territory of Japan, Okinawa in particular, has a certain impact on the country’s economic and political relations.
• Military Medical Assets Usage In case of an emergency, not only the ability of the military services to locate and utilize the required sources, but also the capability of the military people to cooperate.
• Political Issues: The United States Military The military has one of the most advanced technologies in the world, as soldiers have to face the harshest conditions in their service and general life.
• What Is a Military System of Government?
• What Is the Name of a Military Force Made up of Civilians?
• Does the US Military Have the Death Penalty?
• Who Was the First Military Governor of Florida?
• What Military Technologies Did the Industrial Revolution Provide to Europeans?
• Is Military Government Undemocratic?
• Did President Truman Improperly Interfere in Military Operations in Korea?
• Is Egypt a Military Dictatorship?
• Does the Military Generate Any Revenue for a Country?
• What Military Need Led to the Production of Liberty Ships?
• Why Do Southern States Have So Many Military Bases?
• What Historical Discipline Does Military Science Cover?
• What Is a Pincer Movement in Military Strategy?
• How Were African Nations Affected by Military Rule and Dictatorship?
• How Is the US Military Restricted by the Third Amendment?
• Why Do We Need to Study Military History?
• How Is the Social Problem of the Military’s Transition to Civilian Life Solved?
• Were Soldiers Called Military in the Middle Ages?
• Did the Byzantine Empire Have a Strong Military?
• Who Created the Military Phonetic Alphabet?
• Are Military Police Sworn Officers?
• What Military Technology Was Used in the Battle of Ypres?
• Is Cognitive Dissonance Used in the Military?
• Are Members of the Military Government Employees?
• What Is the Purpose of the Military Annual Percentage Rate?
• What Is the Significance of Military Tribunals in Today’s Environment?
• What Is the Largest Military Cemetery in the United States?
• How Many Five Star Generals Are in Us Military History?
• How Did Bushido Contribute to Japanese Military Aggression?

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This essay topic collection was updated on June 24, 2024 .

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339 Military Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best military topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on military, 📃 interesting topics to write about military, 🥇 most interesting military topics to write about, 💡 simple & easy military essay titles, 🎓 good research topics about military, ❓ military research questions.

• Similarities Between Business and Military Strategies Like in the military strategy, marketing aims to spread the influence of the business and conquer new “territories” to sell its products.
• Are 18-21 Years Old Psychologically Mature Enough to Go for War/Military? This was done to improve the overall welfare of the service and the inclusion of the eighteen years old meant that they were psychologically fit to offer service in the military and war.
• The Importance of Respect in the Military This paper seeks to discuss the importance of respect in the military. Therefore, respect in the army ensures that the jobs of both the seniors and the subordinates are done.
• Work-Life Balance in the Military The purpose of this research is to establish the main concerns work-life balance in most of the organizations and fields of employment such as the military, business enterprise, health care facilities just to mention but […]
• Military Interventions: Advantages and Disadvantages This is one of the possible outcomes that can be identified. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward.
• British Military Catering System’s History and Future This revolutionary event marked the start of enhanced cookery in the army. In essence, the system of production of food for British army had not been perfected.
• Accountability of Equipment in Military And, the last task a commander has to do before the change of command ceremony is to account for all the property they had signed for and meet with the property book officer and the […]
• “Iron Triangle” in Relation to “Military Industrial Complex” The true power of government and public policy lies not in the hands of the citizenry but in the hands of powerful special interest groups, media, and the corporate elite.
• Military Professional Ethics This is where ethical decision-making must be applied to be fair to the nation and my friend. In conclusion, one has to stress that the military is expected to act in a good and ethical […]
• Military Chaplaincy: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats The chaplaincy’s historical centuries-old experience in military events demonstrates that it has unique opportunities for the development of the spiritual and moral potential of soldiers, actualization and strengthening of spiritual support, and the need to […]
• Artificial Intelligence in the Military The current paper will provide research on the virtues, shortcomings, and perspectives of the use of AI in the military. The issue of the usage of AI in military actions is highly controversial and has […]
• Comparisons Between Business and Military Strategies The military strategy involves combatant skills that are used to fight enemies and safeguard the interest of international borders. In addition, they involve the acquisition of new skills and information that is useful in competing […]
• Military Logistics and Commercial Logistics Logistics is the management of the distribution of resources and a thorough organization of the chain of supplies. Essentially, the supply chains should focus on the internal dynamics of logistics and have a chance to […]
• Erwin Rommel: Military General in the Nazi Army Nevertheless, in early 1941, Hitler promoted Rommel to the commander of the German troops in North Africa, and shortly after, the whole world recognized the military genius of Rommel.
• Combat Operations: Military Operations Analysis Thus, due to the supply of arms and provisions to the city, the Soviet Union army could defend the strategically important city and turn the events of the entire war around.
• Substance Abuse in the US Military System Perhaps the real cause of the tendency of the soldiers to engage in substance abuse and the persistence of the problem is the detachment from military authorities at the end of service.
• Wireless Sensor Networks in Military Applications A wireless sensor network can be characterized as a self-designed framework of remote systems to screen physical or ecological conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, weight, movement, or contaminations and to pass information through the […]
• The American Military and the Evolution of Computer Technology From the Early 1940s to Early 1960s During the 1940s-1960, the American military was the only wouldriver’ of computer development and innovations.”Though most of the research work took place at universities and in commercial firms, military research organizations such as the Office […]
• US Military Spending In this study, we shall evaluate the impact of spending on the military as measured against other sectors of the economy of the U.S.
• The Military Service: Reasons for Joining Army values determine the spiritual and moral orientations of the individual and underlie the actions, deeds, and motives of individual servicemen and military teams and are a kind of self-regulator of the behavior of servicemen.
• Military in Space: What Will It Give the US? If these are the primary purposes of the current military strategy in space, there is more for the military in the future.
• Cuban Crisis, Its Military, Social, Economic Factors In the era when the threat of a nuclear attack was viewed as the primary fear factor, the Cuban Missile Crisis created grounds for worrying about the wellbeing of the American citizens, hence the increase […]
• Use of Simulation in Military The first type of simulation used in the military is live simulation. The second application of simulation in the military is the use of virtual simulation.
• Followership and Servant Leadership in the Military The soldiers in the military are dedicated to serving and executing the commands given by their supervisors. In the military, followership and servant leadership are crucial approaches for ensuring effective performance to achieve objectives.
• The Crusades and Military Campaigns The Crusades were armed expeditions of the peoples of the Christian West organized by the Church and the Papacy of Western Europe to liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims and subjugate these lands.
• Pastoral Counseling in the Military In turn, the standards of the Christian Church will help me to remain patient and understanding of the needs of soldiers so that they could progress in their spiritual development.
• Optical Fiber Technologies Development and Military Use The benefits of optical fiber technology are the reasons that made the military sector to become an early adopter, and its usage is gradually becoming fundamental even in other fields.
• Military Experience: Sergeant Major A rank of Sergeant Major is considered to be a high one and the person must have a reputation of a responsible and knowledgeable individual.
• Personal Philosophy of Military Leadership Hence, it devolves upon the leader to provide the necessary inspiration, enunciate clearly his vision and mission for his subordinates and above all be faultless in his personal code of conduct and maintain the core […]
• What Makes a Great Military Leader? Based on the current military standards, most of the great military leaders in the history of the US military would be considered as racists.
• Military Draft: Arguments for and Against While the all-volunteer military force established in 1973 by the US has been adequate up to the end of the last century, recent events have resulted in the over stretching of the military forces of […]
• Women in the Military Historically participation of women in the military dates back to times of the revolutionary war, due to the awakening of the world that, women also had a role to play as pertained to protecting their […]
• The Government Policy on Military Expansion The source is relevant to the study as it presents details about the history of the military, the significance of expansion, and the changes that have taken place in regards to allocation of funds to […]
• United States Military JCETs: Lithuania The main goal of the Chief of Mission for Lithuania is to engage the country’s support and partnership to enhance stability and security in Europe.
• The Congressional Medal of Honor in US Military While the Medal of Honor primarily seeks to reinforce desired conduct in soldiers, Sergeant Alwyn Cashe demonstrated selflessness and dedication that inspires fellow members of the armed services and the citizenry. Sergeant Alwyn Cashe depicted […]
• Military Coup in Myanmar and Its Aftermath The goal of the military coup was to change the political order in Myanmar, which resulted in the change of all governing organizations.
• LGBTQ+ (Queer) Military Discrimination in Healthcare Furthermore, the subject is relevant to the field of psychology as the current phenomenon examines discrimination in healthcare both from the psychological outcomes experienced by veterans as well as the perception of LGBTQ+ patients through […]
• Eating Disorders in the Military Exposure to trauma is frequently linked to the emergence of eating disorders. As a result, soldiers develop an eating disorder due to external factors, which affect their mental and physical health, but it remains one […]
• Civilian vs. Military Crew Resource Management Training In the practice of military crew resource management training, the development of the curriculum is preceded by the development and active use of a structural and logical scheme in the field of training.
• The Lucifer Effect: Russian Military Invasion of Ukraine It is important to note that the statement that times of great tragedy such as war, genocide and disaster bring out both the best of us and the worst of us is true.
• Salah al-Din, an Islamic Military Leader To study these events, it is crucial to consider the identity of Salah al-Din. In conclusion, it is important to stress that although the military victories of Salah al-Din caused much trouble for the crusaders, […]
• Application of Irrefutable Laws of Leadership in the Military As a leader in the Army, I will let it be known to everyone that the decisions I take on behalf of the US Army will not be mine but for the rightful will of […]
• How Contemporary Leadership Styles Are Relevant in Today’s Military As a consequence, the need to develop the competencies and abilities of leaders in the field is not generally considered a military core activity.
• Individual and Structural Discrimination Toward LGBT (Queer) Military Personnel Consequently, LGBT military personnel are potentially even more vulnerable to mental health issues due to the combined stress of being LGBT and being in the military.
• Military Medical Staff in a Conflict Area: Challenges and Obstacles The first type of obstacle that the healthcare staff face is related to the organization of the health system in the areas of humanitarian crisis.
• Extremism: The Contribution of the Military The United States Army is strict against extremism, terming it as a harmful behavior that neglects the responsibilities entrusted to the military and instead undermines the rule of law. The importance of this topic is […]
• The Role of the Military in Domestic Terrorism Acts The video focuses on the issue of domestic terrorism in the U.S.in light of the January 6th attack on the Capitol.
• Sarah Rosetta Wakeman’s Participation in the Military Campaigns Although this source is not dedicated to the person under consideration, Rosetta Wakeman, it was chosen as it is instrumental in understanding the position of women in American society in the 19th century.
• Dogs in the Military: Articles’ Rhetorical Analysis Despite the different pathetic natures of the two compared articles about dogs in the industry, their comparison proves that the utilitarian and ethical utility of a scientific article is detectable regardless of the level of […]
• The Mutual Trust Element in Military Operations In the case of launching operation Urgent Fury, the cooperation and mutual trust between the US and the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States were chiefly responsible.
• Scaling and Success of DevOps for Military HQDA Army G-4 is a special unit involved in the development and evaluation of logistics processes, programs, and policies for the national military sector.
• Role of Commander’s Intent in Military Operations In other words, the commander’s intent specifies the end state of the battleground in terms of the commander’s own forces, the enemy forces, and the territory.
• Closing the Military-Civilian Career Gap A combination of the above-mentioned factors makes it harder for the ex-military people to work and interact with other employees. The inability to secure employment and the stigma from employers fuel the stress among the […]
• Reverse Logistics of Military Service Concerning the reverse logistics of the military, the Navy completed research in 1998, “three fundamentals of RL having surfaced: dependability, consistency, and accessibility,” according to the research, the fundamentals of army reverse logistic procedures are […]
• Redeployment Effort in the Military Moreover, the present objective of the logistics system transformation is to match the scale of logistical capacity to the actual demands of the military in terms of technological modernization and professionalization.
• Post-Traumatic Growth Among US Military Veterans The first goal of this research is to describe the Prevalence of PTG overall and in the five domains. The second goal is to describe the nature of the association between PTG and PTSD symptoms […]
• Bridging the Military-Civilian Career Gap The US military has one of the largest armies in the world and is the largest professional standing force. Skills transferability and military identity go hand in hand the military frames individuals to act in […]
• Mandatory Military Training in the US The major argument in this article is that there is no longer a need for mandatory military training in the US.
• Closing the Gap Between Military Service and Civilian Career The most important information in the article shows that the way veterans leave the military may affect their transition. This means that not all veterans have the same level of difficulty while transiting to the […]
• Harassment in Military: My Squad Is Free From Abuse If there is a threat of sexual harassment to a private, he will go to a person he can trust, and I will do my best to become that person as his squad leader.
• Military Effectiveness of Nazi Germany in 1939-1941 World War II is one of the most well-documented conflicts in military history, and there is an extensive amount of academic literature depicting the military effectiveness of the German army.
• Women’s Military Service and Biblical Teaching It is necessary to distinguish between two ideas of equality, which are highly different in moral terms: the idea of equality for the elite, the formal but necessary basis of which are privileges, status, a […]
• Gratitude to Military: Thank You for Your Service In my opinion, the military profession is one of the most dangerous and significant, and not every person can cope with the tasks assigned to such employees.
• Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation in Military CC: The patient interviewed on the military base. The patient has troubles sleeping after experiencing a traumatic event in Iraq.
• Hazing and Sexual Assault on the Military Profession In that case, the issues affecting the integrity of the soldiers in the platoon will be fixed once and for all.
• Proposed Solution to Military Spending Problem The government could easily cut the expenses by at least $100 billion and invest the money in other spheres that could provide security for the citizens of the US.
• A Year of Duty: Why Mandatory Military Service Is a Great Idea A number of very beneficial social functions that it serves makes a case for implementing mandatory military service: it is capable of unifying people, resulting in economic benefits, and giving meaning to a person’s life.
• Veterans’ Transition From Military to Civilian Life The VA has established several programs that provide medical, financial, and other forms of support to veterans to help them adapt to civilian life.
• Combat Bunker to the Corporate Boardroom – Leveraging the Military Mindset The linkage of the military mindset and their application in business settings support the research and analysis of the selected research topic.
• Leveraging the Military Mindset Into Business With YSG’s culture of hiring veterans and relatives to the veterans, this is an indicator that the company is benefiting from the military mindset in its business. The company has a significant number of employees […]
• Navigating Religious Pluralism in the Military They also have a significant impact on the development of the religious situation in the country, the dynamics of relations between confessions, and their relationship with the state in the context of the rapid spread […]
• Military Mindset and Its Application in Business Similar to the military organization, the elements of said leadership and mindset can be learned if there are appropriate resources and culture in place as well as influences that promote critical self-reflection.
• Difficulties in Adjusting to Civil Life After the Military Therefore, it is crucial for the nursing staff to address this issue and to explain to Mike the consequences of his health problems. It is vital to inform the patient of his condition and to […]
• The US Sanctions Against Myanmar Military Officials The US, along with the EU, is among the countries that use economic sanctions to achieve their political and economic goals the most frequently.
• American Military University: The Ultimate Advantage Is an Educated Mind AMU is affordable and has programs in fields such as business, information technology, education and management.
• Gender Inequality in Relation to the Military Service In his article, Soutik Biswas refers to the intention of India’s Supreme Court to influence the government and give women commanding roles in the army.
• Military Security (Nuclear Deterrence) Nuclear deterrence is a military strategy suggesting that a state may use its influence to bar another country from utilizing nuclear weapons.
• For Continued TRI-CARE Coverage for Military Retirees In light of the sacrifice members of the armed forces give to their country and the social, psychological and health challenges that retirees face during and after service, it is important to provide continued TRI-CARE […]
• PTSD Dual Representation Theory Use in Military Personnel However, it is the position of this paper that this is mere gender stereotyping and the real cause of trauma among women veterans has to do with sexual harassment.
• Military Medical Practitioners Malpractice The policy prevents them from filing lawsuits and claims against the national government on the grounds of medical malpractice. It allows for service members in active duty to file administrative claims against the government for […]
• Failed Leadership and Triggering Military Coups in Mali The people of the Republic of Mali are used to having their heads of state deposed by the military. The Tuareg people are among the most aggrieved, and in 2012, they staged a mutiny aiming […]
• Response to Terrorist Attacks: The Role of Military and Public Sector Entities Nevertheless, to understand the basis of such partnership, one has to understand the actions that the public sector takes and has taken to respond to terrorism in the United States and globally.
• How the Military Made the Transition From Combat to Garrison The purpose of the briefing is to expound on how the military transition from combat to garrison has and is being conducted and the type of leadership style works best.
• The US Military Veterans’ Mental Healthcare System The study’s main objective was to examine the Veterans’ gratification with VA mental health caring, its occurrence of delayed care, and the links of such results.
• “Experiences of Military Spouses of Veterans With Combat-Related PTSD” by Yambo Spouses living with PTSD veterans are unprepared and struggling to deal with issues that their husbands experience.
• Civil-Military Tension as Ethical Dilemma The first is to accept the situation as it is without questions, strictly following the orders and observing the limitations of their inferior position as consultants to the government.
• Ex-Military Adaptation: Veteran Care Grant Proposal The adaptation process and strategies for its implementation are expressed in the project through a consistent approach to the employment of veterans.
• The Military’s Role During the Fall of Suharto in Indonesia During the fall of Suharto in Indonesia, the military played a significant role as both the silent enforcer and active peacemaker.
• The Military Partnerships: Humanitarian and Support Role The purpose of this paper is to discuss the humanitarian and support role of the military partnerships and the NATO command structure, involvement of the National Guard and military branches, and some vital functions of […]
• Transitioning From Military to Civilian Life Since social adaptation after military service is a relevant social topic, this area is studied extensively in social disciplines.
• Military Technologies Inc. vs. Guidance Systems LLC The stakeholders involved in the aftermath of the decision include the company, the government, the supplier, the alternative supplier, the community, and the competing company as a hostile stakeholder.
• Military Transition To Civilian Life The presentation will review the usefulness of BMA, ET, and phenomenology for the transitioning processes that VMs experience as they go from military life to civilian life.
• Burma Under the Military Rule in 1962-1988 It is necessary to add that the public had a specific idea on the military as people believed the military could rule the country as they had the authority and the necessary instruments.
• N. Johnson’s Analysis of Military Operations in Uganda The defection campaign aimed at the TA commandment will eliminate the danger that TA poses to the local population and reduce the current number of 100 TA fighters to a minimum.
• Media and U.S. Military Policy 2 This paper discusses how the ubiquity of media continues to affect U.S.military interests and how contemporary military policy responds to media ubiquity.
• Alcohol Before and After Military Combat Deployment The conclusion of the article addressed the risk in the new-onset of heavy drinking, binge drinking and the alcohol-related crises among the soldiers who return from war.
• Sex Trade in South Korea Around US Military Bases According to reports released in 2003 by the Korean Institute of Criminology and the Korean Feminist Association, hundreds of thousands of women in the country are involved in the sex trade.
• Medication Errors at Riyadh Military Hospital: Medical Safety and Quality The safe keeping of medical records is the task of the medical records department. Medication errors are investigated at the hospital with regard to the degree to which the risk of improper management of patients’ […]
• Multi-Touch Touch Screen Controls in Military Aircraft The attitude indicator is in the centre of the top row, the Airspeed indicator is to the left, the altimeter on the right, and the gyrocompass or heading indicator in the centre of the second […]
• Contemporary United States Military Chaplaincy Tuttle elaborates that the government has the policy of encouraging the religious, moral, and recreation affairs as well as the development of members of the Armed Force.
• Military Deployment From Social Service Perspective Among the main problems that led to the development of substance abuse, there is a radical change in the entire lifestyle, changing the previous residence, the decline of the financial situation, housing problems, and uncertainty […]
• Hawks’ “Sergeant York” and Military Social Work The goals of York were to complete his military service as a brave and worthy man, who contributed to the protection and safety of the US.
• The Potential Mental Disorders in the Active-Duty Military The article by Walker et al.titled “Active-Duty Military Service Members’ Visual Representations of PTSD and TBI in Masks” describes the study aimed to identify potential mental disorders in the active-duty military.
• No Respect Given to Military Family The purpose of this essay is to study the impact of the problem of insufficient respect for military families on society and individuals and to find solutions to this issue.
• Sexism Against Women in the Military The results showed that not all of the perpetrators and victims from the reports were connected to the military, and most of the victims were women.
• Female Military in the Continental Army John Rees claims that the percentage of women in the Continental Army was around 3%, but the actual number is hard to find out since some women were disguised as men, and a lot of […]
• How to End Terrorism: Diplomacy or Military Action? The goal of the terrorist acts is the intimidate the population for the purpose of rocking the political situation in the countries, which policy is controversial to the ideas of terrorists.
• Latino Experiences in US Military It is assumed that the Latinos have increased in the military to replace the number of African Americans that has been reducing with years.
• Conflict and Its Resolution Within the U.S. Military and Department of Defense Hence, the aim of the paper is to regard the key types of conflicts that appear within the organization, define how does the government manages these conflicts, and what can be made for resolving these […]
• The Issues of Race in the Military Consequently, to fully comprehend and assimilate the nature of racial and ethical discrimination meted out on the black military personnel’s or to better put it for military officers of different race or colour, one will […]
• Should National Governments Hire Private Military Contractors? When the services of private militias are enlisted usually the mission is dirty and dangerous and it is supposed to be a secret.
• Crusades: Military Strategy or Religious Ideology? The main aim of the European powers was the recapturing of the Holy Sepulcher, as well as the lowering of Muslim influence in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
• Task Clusters in Military Learning Activity The first level in this framework is that of reaction whereby the attitude of the trainees is measured using a written questionnaire that measures their interests and motivation.a show of interest is a positive indication […]
• Jobless Youth Joining the Military It is stated that most of the youths in America join the military due to expansion of the nuclear energy and the need for more employees.
• Women Should Be Included in the Military Draft if the President Activates It This means that if there is to be a military draft, whether due to the need of health workers, or the already existing and growing numbers of women in the military, women should definitely be […]
• Military Theorists: Carl von Clausewitz and Antoine-Henri Jomini Jomini just like Clausewitz saw the battle of the French Revolution and the various activities that shaped historical events at the time of the Napoleonic era.
• Military Divorce, Its Causes and Effects As discussed earlier, due to their nature of training and the nature of the job, the military tends to be emotionally imbalanced with violent tendencies.
• Roman Civilization and Its Military Power The Roman Empire used the first systems of the republic to conquer a lot but for the interest of a few who included those living within the cities as well as those who were close […]
• Military Transformation in the US Marine Corps The consensus ‘Committee System’ of Command and Control as practiced by the British Doctrine was identified as the chief weakness in the success of amphibious operations.
• “The Military Family” by James Martin The book chronicles the military’s efforts to deal with the social challenges and how the operational dynamics have forced the military to outsource and privatize many of the family support functions to civilian service providers […]
• International Security Environment and Its Impact on the US Military The dangers of a nuclear armed Iran persist and the US will have to cater for the rise of China as a competing superpower.
• Communication Amongst Military Families At the conclusion of this paper it is the hope of the writer that the reader have an increased understanding of the difficulties experienced by individuals under contract with the military as well as what […]
• The U.S. Military Is Unprepared at Outbreak of Hostilities However, a close look at the development would definitely show that the allegation is the result of blowing the issue out of proportion and there should be no reason the US force, or the NCOs, […]
• Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Military Career The military career of Dwight David Eisenhower was closely connected with the development of the American state and international relations during the first half of the 20th century and till the end of the 1960s.
• Historical Analysis of Military Situations in China The main target of the Soviet was to ensure that the two parties merged. What brought the Communists to power was the revival of the power of the peasantry through Mao Zedong.
• The Sino-Russian Military Exercises and the US-Japanese War Game The purpose of this paper is to argue that the joint military exercises are informed by the diplomatic tensions between the participants, political events in the East Asian countries, and the scramble for the influence […]
• Military: Carl Von Clausewitz Theories In modern times fog and friction of war are not obsolete, and their presence in warfare proves the theory of Clausewitz due to multiple examples of war tactics of today.
• Reinstating the Military Draft If a draft seems quite inappropriate for other aspects of the military, then it is only logical for the same consideration to be made in terms of recruitment of soldiers.
• Alexander the Great, Military Intellectual When Olympia was pregnant, the god’s are said to have communicated to her and the husband in a dream on the nature of the child to be born.
• Uniform Code of Military Justice The Uniform Code of Military Justice is the corner stone of military law in the armed forces of the United States.
• Military Leadership in the 21st Century The first challenge of any leadership is to feel the inevitability of tomorrow, meaning that one should be aware that one cannot lead forever and therefore, the delegation of authority should be a part of […]
• What It Takes to Be a Military Commander To grasp the sheer amount of odds that one has to overcome to rise in the military hierarchy, it’s important to start at the beginning- the initial decision to join the military.
• Iraq War and the Effects on the Military Family However, the effects of the wars have been felt by the nationals of the warring regions as well as the families of the troops fighting in the war.
• Military Dictatorships in Latin America Prior to analyzing military regimes in Latin America and the causes of their emergence, it is of crucial importance to understand the concept of dictatorship, because, it has many forms, and can be interpreted from […]
• U.S. Military in Iraq: Should They Just Leave? After the US defeated Iraq and succeeded in removing Sadaam Hussein from power, they continued to stay in the country in order to ensure that peace prevails in the country and ensure that innocent people […]
• Private Military Companies’ Strategic Management This difference in terms of professionalism and reliability is one of the factors leading to differences in performance levels between the companies. In the case of Blackwater, they are not open to public scrutiny.
• British Military Medicine in the 18th Century To trace the footpath of military medicine from the fourteenth century to the eighteenth century is akin to detailing the medical advancements that has accompanied military conquests from the early civilizations to the present post […]
• Combating Access to Military Healthcare To change the situation, it is extremely needed to implement measures that would enable the service members and their families to gain access to healthcare in a Military health system.
• Gender Politics: Military Sexual Slavery In this essay, it will be shown that military power and sexual slavery are interconnected, how the human rights of women are violated by the military, and how gender is related to a war crime.
• Military Dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) They studied records of interrogations of the government of Brazil so that they could be able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the government in dealing with the issue of dictatorship.
• NATO Organization Civilian & Military Structures Internal lettering is of the formal character, and is not always available for the reader, as it is of no interest for the inhabitant. It may be of scientific interest only for the researcher, and […]
• Military “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” Policy. Is It Legal? The aim of this policy is to allow homosexual men to serve the army in spite of their sexual orientation. Second, and related to the first advantage, the issue definition could allow Clinton to transcend […]
• Military Substance Abuse Issue Analysis Military substance abuse, therefore, refers to the people working in the department of defense and in one way or the other are overindulging themselves in drug abuse or rather depending on a drug or chemical […]
• Tupolev Military Aircraft: International Business Law It is proposed to take over the Tupolev Military Aircraft Production Unit from the Russian Government since it is not, presently, in a position, for financial reasons, to build military helicopters here.
• Gender Barriers to Military Leadership In the battle to be a commander in chief of the world’s only superpower, Ms Clinton has been put onto the spotlight as a woman and as a leader and so therefore all the careers […]
• Military Leadership: Qualities to Acquire To provide a broader perspective to military leadership and the lead role, and to provide a link between the key leadership functions of transforming, integrating, and mobilizing and the nature of work itself, a hierarchy […]
• Military Conflicts at the Civil War With regard to the case of humanitarian assistance to the people of Somalia, it is important to consider the factor of the effectiveness of the measures taken in terms of their impact on the domestic […]
• Total Military Experience Effects on Arrests in Prison Inmates The objective of the study is to find the relationship between service in the army and the number of arrests in veterans.
• Military and Political Leadership According to Yeginsu, the “coolness and rhetorical skill” of the Kurdish politician Demirtas helped him become the primary opposition against the current leader of the country President Erdogan.
• Sharp System and Its Misconception in US Military Due to the lack of efficacy of the current system and the resulting reluctance among women serving in the army to report about the threats of sexual harassment, the existing code of ethics and the […]
• Powered Exoskeleton in Military & Space Industries The use of exoskeletons by the military will lead to a reduction in the need for heavy-lift machinery on the battlefield since the soldiers will be able to lift heavy objects with the help of […]
• Sexual Orientation and Equal Rights in Military The issue of gay people in the army did not come to light as a problem that needed solving until 1992 when an army colonel was discharged from the army on the grounds of her […]
• East Asian Military Before and After World Wars Kashima notes that the incarceration of Japanese citizens living in Hawaii by 1941 was the climax of an ongoing racial hostility, and the Pearl Harbor attacks simply catalyzed the process. The major theme of the […]
• Challenges of Employing U.S. Military Power The analysis of the challenges will be based on the use of clear examples and historical facts from both conflicts to demonstrate the manifestations of all the explored weaknesses of the U.S.military force.
• Why Must Political Power Have Primacy Over Military Power? In solving the issue of primacy between political power and military power over organizing counterinsurgency, the military’s connection and the supported political power is always a concern.
• Military Justice Issues: People’s Rights and Freedoms According to the so-called declaration of the military men’s rights, that is, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, every single man in the army or the navy has certain inalienable rights and, certainly, responsibilities.
• Open Homosexuals’ Effects on Military Morale Britton and Williams start by noting that when President Clinton announced his intention to lift the ban that restricted homosexuals from participating in the military service, a debate emerged in which the performance of lesbians […]
• Domestic Violence Within the US Military In most of the recorded domestic violence cases, females are mostly the victims of the dispute while the males are the aggressors of the violence.
• Can Terrorism Only Be Defeated by Military Means? Some have mentioned that it integrates the idea of political terrorism which comprises the use of violence by either a group or an individual with the sole intention of creating anxiety and fear towards a […]
• African Union Military Force in Darfur Conflict
• Treatments for Alcohol Abuse in the Military
• Military Social Work: SA Scott Case
• Military Social Worker and Posttraumatic Disorder
• Military Social Work Services and Family Support
• American Military Early Childhood Care System
• Encouraging the Accommodation of the Military in Texas
• Military Cyberspace as a New Technology
• Ex-Military Socialization and Mental Treatment
• Social Work in the Military Rehabilitation
• Wide Area Network Acceleration for Military Field
• Sexual Assault and Harassment in the U.S. Military
• Military Social Work and Psychological Treatment
• Psychological Trauma Care in Military Veterans
• Leadership and Learning Organizations in the US Military
• Military Operation Tomodachi: Communication Plan
• Sexual Assault in the United States Military
• Veteran Service Representatives for US Military
• Military Social Worker’s Services for Family
• Military Social Worker’s Services for Personnel
• Military Families and Their Sacrifices
• Alcohol Abuse for Military-Connected
• Military Social Worker Intervention
• Social Work in the Military: Psychological Issues
• Military Trials: The Criminal Justice Procedures Violations
• Military Law and One Team’s Concept
• Long Deployment for Military Families
• United States Military Challenges
• Military Personnel Health Problems
• Preventing Suicide in the Military and Veterans
• Policemen of the World: U.S. Military Force
• Napoleon Bonaparte’s Military Dictatorship
• American Military Involvement in Haiti
• The Ethics of Drone Use in Military Conflicts: A Kantian Perspective
• The Ubiquity of Media and the U.S. Military Interests
• Military Control of Students’ Demonstrations
• The United States Military Spending
• Virtual Reality in Military Health Care
• Exoskeletons for Military and Healthcare: Marketing Plan
• Soldiers’ Therapy in Military Mental Health Clinic
• CNN’S Articles on North Korea’s Military Parade in 2015
• Military Career: Human Resource Certification
• Pakistan-United States Economic and Military Relations
• Military Deployment Effects on Family Members
• US Military Thinking and Concepts Development
• Military Technology in the American Civil War
• Native Americans, Colonial Militia, and US Military
• US Militia System Evolution to US Military
• Military Capacity of the US as a Young Nation
• Technology in the US Military Capabilities Revival
• Sexual Assault and How It Changed the Military
• Learning From Crisis: Hospital and Military Examples
• China’s “Military Exercises” Near Taiwan in 1996
• Humanitarian Military Intervention Outcomes
• The Battle of Sadr City as a Military Operation
• Civilian and Military Tribunals Differences
• Classical and Modern Military Strategists
• The United States’ Military: Core Values’ Importance
• Global Operations in Military Logistics Function
• Military Logistics in Operation “Iraqi Freedom”
• China’s Military Transformation and Its Regional Impact
• Military Leadership: Great or Toxic
• The United Arab Emirates Military
• George Patton: General and Military Innovator
• Military Strategy in the Afghan War
• Military Affairs: Revolution and Development
• Military Dictatorship Effects in Nigeria and Brazil
• Military and Civilian Safety Management System
• The War Finance Feature in Promoting Military Success
• Policy in the Military
• The Return of the Military Draft
• Involvement of Psychologists in Military Interrogations
• Leadership Development in the Military Context
• “Fall of the Roman Empire: The Military Explanation” by Arthur Ferill
• Mexican War: Diplomatic and Military Causes
• System Engineering and the Positive Role It Has in the Military
• Disaster and Emergency Management: The Use of Military During Disaster Response
• The Military Sealift Command
• Military Sealift Command (MSC)
• The US Military Experience in Films
• Making a Happier Military
• Military Leadership in US
• Suicide in the Military (US)
• Diplomatic and Military Fronts: 1948 Arab-Israeli Conflict
• Mandatory Military Service in the United States
• Should the US Increase or Decrease Military Forces Overseas to Protect the US
• Downsizing in the U.S. Military
• Military Fascism in Pre-WWII Japan
• DOD Policy on Social Media Concerning Military Members and Government Public Administration
• The United States Armed Forces: One Military Force Combining Land, Sea, and Air Activities
• Stanislaus Military Academy Developmental Model and Plan
• Revelation of Quran to Prophet Mohammad and Religion, Politics, and Military Affairs
• Changes in Canada’s Military System
• The Military Development of Post-Mao China
• Military Modernization in China and Israel – Research
• How Should the United States Respond to the Expansion of China’s Military Force?
• China’s Military Modernization – Aggressiveness or Defensiveness?
• The Ottoman Military and Political Organization
• “Military Rule in Latin America” by Karen Remmer
• The Combination of a Coaching and Military Style of Leadership
• Addressing the Disrespect in the Military
• Military Forces and Politics of Iran
• Does ‘China’s Growing Military Power’ Pose a Threat to the Region?
• The Lack of Child Care Facilities in the Military Communities
• How Racial Discourses Subtend Military Projects
• Military Commercial Driver’s License Act of 2012
• How Military and Civil Courts Address Sexual Assault and Rape in the Military
• Military Master Resilience Training Verses Positive Psychology
• Kosovo 1999: Hacking the Military
• Gays in the Military
• It is Not Just for the United States to Use Military Force to Prevent the Acquisition of Nuclear Weapons by Nations that Pose a Military Threat.
• Military History of United States of America
• Military Equipments and the Technology of China in Early Modern World
• Military Funeral Honors in the US Navy
• Steps by the Local and Military Officials to Prevent the Spread of Avian Flu in Okiwan
• Planning for and Implementation of Information Technology in Civilian and Military Organizations
• United States Military as an Institution
• The Evolution of US Military Logistical Procurement
• How the Constitution Applies to Being a Military Leader/Officer
• The Military Style Practices in Small Business Management
• Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Personnel
• Gay in the Military
• Safety in the Military Workplace
• Why We Fight: Military Industrial Complex and Its Impact on the American Life
• Are Military Regimes Really Belligerent?
• What Is the Biggest Challenge Facing Todays Military?
• How Does Modern and Ancient Military Conflict Differ?
• Is Transformational Leadership Effective in the Military?
• Does Peacetime Military Service Affect Crime?
• How Has Technological Innovation Changed Military Strategy?
• What Are the Factors That Exert the Impact on Military Leadership With the Changing Face of War in the Twenty-First Century?
• Are Women Cut Out for Military Combat?
• How Does the Current Military Approach Reduce the Risk of Sexual Assault?
• Does Military Spending Impede Income Inequality?
• What Is the Psychological Impact of Military Service?
• How Does Modern Turn-Based Military Strategy Work?
• Can Military Force Promote Humanitarian Values?
• Why Is the U.S. Military Unprepared for the Outbreak of Hostilities?
• Does the Military Train Men to Be Violent Criminals?
• How Did the 1918 Breakout of Influenza Affect the American Military?
• What Are the Positive Effects of the Military?
• Did the Military Situation Justify a Surprise Attack With the Atom Bomb?
• What Are the Elements of Military Conflict?
• Are There Similarities Between Military and Business Strategy?
• How Effective Are Military Responses to Terror Threats?
• What Are the Principles of Military Strategy?
• Does Sexual Harassment Still Exist in the Military for Women?
• Who Is the Best Military Strategist?
• How Does Military Force Keep Autocratic Regimes in Power?
• Does Economic Globalization Affect Interstate Military Conflict?
• Which Leadership Style Is Used by the Military?
• Does Military Expenditure Increase External Debt?
• Why Does Sexual Assault Occur in the Military?
• How Did the Development of Atomic Weapons Affect Military Theory?
• World War 2 Essay Topics
• Air Force Topics
• Conflict Research Topics
• American Revolution Topics
• Dictatorship Topics
• NATO Topics
• Aviation Paper Topics
• Nuclear Weapon Essay Topics
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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Military Science and History: Military Science Topics

• Military Science Books
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Military Science Topics

• U.S. Military Interventions & Wars
• Maps and Atlases
• Military Related Policy Reports
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This page has examples of library resources addressing some Military Science topics.

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School of advanced warfighting.

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Welcome to Marine Corps University’s New Student Registration page.  The following content and links provide information and forms for all military and civilian students who will be attending the resident officer professional military education programs given at Marine Corps University. These programs include the Marine Corps War College, School of Advanced Warfighting, Command and Staff College, and Expeditionary Warfare School.

Reporting and Orientation Dates

The dates listed below apply to all U.S. military and interagency students.  All local students are expected to report into Marine Corps University by  1600  on the “Report No Later Than Dates” established below.

03 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from a  CONUS  location        

03 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from an  OCONUS  location

08 Jul:   Orientation & Onboarding for all students.

15 Jul:   Classes Convene.

01 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from a  CONUS  location

01 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from an  OCONUS  location          

01 Jul:   Classes Convene.

TBD:   Orientation & Onboarding for all students. 

COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE

23 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from a  CONUS  location        

23 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from an  OCONUS  location

24-26 Jul:   Orientation & Onboarding for all students.

29 Jul:   Classes Convene.

Expeditionary warfare school

23 Jul:   Report not later than date for all students traveling from a  CONUS  location        

24-26 Jul:   Orientation & Onboarding for all students

29 Jul:   Classes Convene

Marine Corps War College (MCWAR)

School of Advanced Warfighting (SAW)

Marine Corps Command and Staff College (CSC)

Expeditionary Warfare School (EWS)

Student Services Office

Questions with regard to the administrative join process and reporting into Marine Corps University should be directed to the Student Services office.  The Student Service office is open from 0800 to 1600 Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday.  The Student Service office is located in Room 1182 of Warner Hall, 2044 Broadway Street, Quantico, VA 22134.

Director, Administrative Services     Maj Nicholas D. Patitsas (703) 432-4632

Dep Director, Administrative Services     MSgt Martin I. Cervantes (703) 784-5665

Student Service Chief/Navy Rep YN1(SW) Robin Charoenkwanchi (703) 432-5465

Student Service Clerks LCPL Joshua M. Chester (703) 432-5477

Student Services OMB [email protected]       Registrar Mr. Jake Bilyew (703) 432-5503 Security Officer Ms. Lisa Nelson [email protected]

All students must request enrollment in their respective college or school via the links below.  Enrollment begins on 1 January 2024 and must be completed by 1 July 2024.  Enrollment will allow students access to online course material utilized during the academic year. 

All Sister Service and Inter-Agency students will need to create a MarineNet Account.   Please click on the link provided for step-by-step instructions for creating your MarineNet account.

Colleges and Schools

Marine Corps War College (MCWAR) 

School of Advanced Warfighting (SAW) 

Marine Corps Command and Staff College (CSC) 

Expeditionary Warfare School (EWS)  

Each year, the Commanding General, Education Command/President, Marine Corps University oversees the administrative support of 140 to 150 IMS attending the many schools, programs and courses within the Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) located aboard Marine Corps Base (MCB), Quantico, Virginia. 

This page provides specific information that applies to those IMS who have been selected to attend one of Marine Corps University’s year-long officer professional military education (PME) programs:

MCWAR : Marine Corps War College (10 months long, for Lieutenant Colonels)

SAW : School of Advanced Warfighting (11 months long, for selected Majors)

CSC : Command and Staff College (10 months long, for Majors)

EWS : Expeditionary Warfare School (9 months long, for Captains)

International Military Students attending all other courses aboard MCCDC should contact the Regional IMS Officer at  [email protected] .

More Information

International Military Student Escorts

International Military Students are scheduled to arrive in CONUS to attend a two-week foreign student orientation program.  Escorts will meet these students at the airport and help orient them to Quantico by assisting them with the initial requirements of settling their families and preparing for the academic year.

Note: Students who report early, and not in a liberty/leave status, will be required to provide support as needed for the in-processing of International Military Students.  

Each International Military Student will be assigned a U.S. military student to serve as their 'IMS' sponsor during the academic year.  Volunteers are preferred.  A sponsor's primary role is to assist the IMS with settling their family at Quantico, understanding the administrative and academic requirements, and to be aware of needs that may require referral to the appropriate supporting activities.  Interested students should complete and submit the applicable school sponsor form provided below. 

EWS IMS SPONSOR FORM 

CSC IMS SPONSOR FORM

If you have any questions, please contact the Regional IMS Officer at    [email protected] .

Parental Leave

MCU Parental Leave Policy Letter 3-23

Administration Center (IPAC)

Administration Center (IPAC) located on the 2nd deck of Yale Hall (Building 2006) to conduct their administrative join process and to file their PCS travel claim for reimbursement of travel entitlements and expenses.   

MCB-Q IPAC Address Yale Hall 2006 Hawkins Avenue Quantico, VA 22134

Sister Service & Inter-Agency Students

All Sister Service and Inter-Agency students will report to the Student Services Office, room 1177 of Warner Center to complete the university check-in process.

Warner Center Address 2044 Broadway Street (Room 177) Quantico, VA 22134 

Leave & PTAD (Permissive TDY)

All PTAD is required to be taken prior to the start of the school year. Students are encouraged to factor in the 10 days of PTAD when determining the day in which they will report into the university. PTAD will be scrutinized in accordance with the intent of the leave and liberty order.

MCB Quantico Map                               Marine Corps University Campus Map  

Note:  This information is subject to change as guidance is updated by higher headquarters.

Prior to Arrival

All students must check out with their current command Security Manager prior to executing transfer to Marine Corps University.  A “debrief” and an “out-process” action is required to be completed by your current Security Manger via the Defense Information Security System (DISS).  Students should ensure their security clearance will not expire prior to the end of the academic year (June 2025).

Marine Corps University’s Security Manager is responsible for providing personnel security guidance, education, and training support to all students.  The Security Manager serves as the primary advisor in all matters regarding the eligibility of personnel to access classified information.

Current Topics of Value

MARINE CORPS RESEARCH TOPICS AY 2022-2023

Krulak Center Scholarly Opportunities

BRUTE KRULAK CENTER FOR INNOVATION AND FUTURE WARFARE SCHOLARS PROGRAMS

Krulak Scholars Program  - AY23 focus is "The World Energy Paradigm after Ukraine: Global Perspectives on Strategic Competition."  ( application deadline 02 Sep 2022 )

Ellis Fellowship for Military Transformation  - AY23 focus is the Marine Corps "Campaign of Learning" and refinement of Force Design 2030  

Reynolds Scholars Program  - focus is the advancement of the Women, Peace & Security effort within PME. ( application deadline 26 Aug 2022 )

JPME Prospective Research Topics Database (PRTD)

JPME JPRTD is the  JPME Prospective Research Topics Database , which provides prospective research topics for students attending advanced military study programs and intermediate and senior services schools.  This site is CAC-enabled. If you are unable to access the PRTD, check your browser settings.

JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS UNIVERSITY

The Joint Special Operations University Press publishes a list of research topics annually.  The 2022 list   highlights a wide range of topics collaboratively developed and prioritized by experts throughout the Special Operations Forces (SOF) community.

USSPACECOM RESEARCH TOPICS

USSPACECOM developed space defense, technology, and war studies topics, which are listed in   this document . Students who select a research topic from this list will receive informal, open-source access, coaching, and, depending on the topic, unclassified material from one or more USSPACECOM subject matter experts (SMEs). The top research papers received will be assessed for potential inclusion in an all-space special issue or an Air University journal to be edited by USSPACECOM's SIG. The SIG will coordinate for longer document publication options for projects that exceed a journal-sized entry but are considered highly desired for Department of Defense (DoD) formal publication and dissemination.

USMC DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE PROPOSED TOPICS

IN AN EFFORT TO ALIGN THE MARINE CORPS INTELLIGENCE ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT IN THE SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM AND PROFESSIONAL MILITARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS WITH THE REAL PROBLEM-SOLVING NEEDS OF OUR SERVICE, THE DIRECTOR OF INTELLIGENCE, SOLICITS  THESIS TOPICS   FROM OPERATING FORCE AND SUPPORTING ESTABLISHMENT. ACCESS TO FULL LIST OF TOPICS MAY REQUIRE INTELINK ACCOUNT AND PAGE PERMISSIONS.

LIBRARY OF THE MARINE CORPS/GRAY RESEARCH CENTER

The Marine Corps Research Library produces a broad range of  research guides  which can be used to identify and pursue research topics of interest to the Marine Corps and broader national security community.

SUGGEST TOPICS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

For information on how to submit a topic for inclusion in future topic lists, please contact MCU’s  Director of Research  or use the  online form .

Leadership Communication Skills Center​​

The Leadership Communication Skills Center  is an educational support resource for the MCU community—students, faculty, and staff.

Library of the Marine Corps/Gray Research Center

Designing data-gathering and analysis approaches.

For students with specialized research design needs, such as survey or interview protocols or use of qualitative and statistical analysis tools, MCU will attempt to link them to internal and external Marine Corps scholars/scientists who can assist them on an individual basis. This support is provided through a network of volunteer scholars/scientists in MCU and not all types of expertise may be available at a particular point in time. For more information, contact  [email protected] .

Not sure who to ask? Contact  [email protected] .

COMPLETED STUDENT PAPERS

Gray Research Center

Research papers produced by MCU's students are maintained by the Marine Corps Research Library Reference Branch and the Archives Branch of the Marine Corps History Division. Additional information is available on the  MCU Student Papers site .

The Breckinridge Papers

Marine Corps University recognizes outstanding PME student papers and advances their ideas into academic and defense community debate.   The Breckinridge Papers: Selected Studies from the Marine Corps University   showcases Marine Corps War College, School of Advanced Warfighting, Command and Staff College, and School of Expeditionary Warfare student writing.

Marine Corps University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges to award the following master’s degrees:

Master of Strategic Studies via the Marine Corps War College Master of Operational Studies via the School of Advanced Warfighting Master of Military Studies via the Command and Staff College

Students enrolling in a master’s degree program must have earned a regionally or nationally accredited U.S. bachelor’s degree, or its equivalent.  Students attending the Marine Corps War College and the School of Advanced Warfighting are required to submit official transcripts as evidence of your bachelor’s degree.  All U.S. Students attending the Command and Staff College are required to apply for the Master of Military Studies (MMS) and must also submit official transcripts. Transcript receipt due dates are listed below:

Marine Corps War College 1 July 2024                          School of Advanced Warfighting 1 July 2024 Command and Staff College 15 October 2024

​​Command and Staff College International students will be briefed on the optional MMS program and its requirements/deadlines during the first week of classes.

Official Transcript Defined

Official transcripts must be submitted directly from the degree granting institution to the Marine Corps University Registrar in the manner prescribed by that granting institution as “official”.  Normally, this means a stamped transcript sent by mail in a sealed envelope.  Some institutions have official electronic transcripts, which are accepted by Marine Corps University.

Transcripts that are hand carried by students, unofficial transcripts, “student” copies, faxed copies, and unsealed/open copies etc., are not accepted.

mail all official transcripts to

President, Marine Corps University Attention:  Registrar 2076 South Street Quantico, VA  22134-5067 Or electronically to:  [email protected]  

Note 1: Students who previously attended the School of Advanced Warfighting and/or Command and Staff College Resident are NOT required to submit them again as long as they remain on file with the Marine Corps University Registrar. Please contact the Registrar at [email protected] to confirm.

Note 2: Students who have NOT earned a qualifying degree from an accredited U.S. institution must have their academic credentials evaluated for equivalency.  Please contact the Registrar for guidance and assistance.

Helpful Links

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Stimson Library

Military school student papers: research topics.

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Army War College SSI

Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute:

Key Strategic Issues List 2016 - 2017

JSOU Press Research Topics

Special Operations Research Topics 2018

• Keywords List Using the JSOU Special Operations Research Topics 2018   by the   U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School

Special Operations Research Topics 2017

• Keywords List Using the JSOU Special Operations Research Topics 2017  by the  U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School

Special Operations Research Topics 2016

• Keyword List Using the JSOU Special Operations Research Topics 2016 by the  U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School

Special Operations Research Topics 2015

• Keyword List Using the JSOU Special Operations Research Topics 2015 by the  U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School

US Army Special Operations Command

U.S. Army Special Operations Command FY18 Priority Research Topics

JPME Prospective Research Topics Database (PRTD)

The JPME PRTD provides prospective research topics for students attending advanced military study programs and intermediate and senior service schools. NOTICE: If you are unable to access the PRTD, you may need to modify your browser settings .

JFK Special Warfare Center

JFK Special Warfare Center and School SOF Topics and Research Guides

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Marine Corp University Research Topics 2017 -2018

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Mental Health Tops List of Reasons Troops Were Hospitalized in 2023, New Reports Find

Mental health disorders were the top reason that active-duty U.S. military personnel were hospitalized in 2023, a trend that began in 2009 but has shown signs of easing in the past three years, according to two new reports from the Defense Health Agency.

Musculoskeletal injuries remain the No. 1 reason service members visit a medical facility, but mental health conditions are most responsible for putting them in hospitals overnight and keeping them there, according to epidemiologists with the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, who reviewed all medical appointments and hospitalizations among troops in 2023.

Of the roughly 62,806 times active-duty service members were hospitalized in 2023, nearly one-third -- 31% -- were there for mental health treatment, with adjustment disorders and alcohol abuse as the top diagnoses for men, and adjustment disorders and major depressive disorder the main diagnoses for women.

Read Next: Here's What Biden and Trump Actually Did for Veterans as President

While the median length of stay for a mental health issue was five days, some personnel stayed as long as 34 days, according to the June issue of the Medical Surveillance Monthly Report released Tuesday.

The mental health of U.S. service members has been a major focus of Defense Department policy and health programs since the late 2000s, when the number of suicides began rising among not only the active-duty component but also in the Guard and reserves.

Prior to 2008, military service was a protective factor against suicide, with troops having lower rates than the comparable U.S. population. But since that year, suicide rates have risen steadily despite enormous efforts by the military services and DoD to prevent such deaths.

With mental wellness a key component of the Defense Department's suicide prevention strategy, the department needs to understand the scope of diagnoses and hospitalizations to formulate policy, the researchers said.

"An accurate estimate of the health status of the armed forces can be used not only for determining expected health care use and costs" and for prioritizing treatments, but also to evaluate treatment impact and cost effectiveness, they wrote.

According to the reports, of the 14 million medical encounters troops had in 2023, counting appointments as well as hospitalizations, nearly 20% were for mental health -- an increase of 3% from 2018 that may be attributable to access to no-cost medical care and training requirements, the authors said.

However, in terms of overall encounters with medical personnel -- appointments and hospitalizations -- injuries remained the top reason why service members saw a doctor.

Injuries accounted for nearly one-quarter of all medical encounters by active-duty personnel last year, with back issues being the top complaint, followed by knee problems and arm and shoulder injuries.

Sleep disorders came in fourth, followed by other musculoskeletal problems. Anxiety, "ill-defined" symptoms, adjustment and mood disorders, and foot and ankle pain rounded out the top 10 reasons for troops to have contact with a provider in 2023.

The authors noted that, given the connection between mental health and physical health, particularly regarding back pain, military providers should consider a holistic approach to treating service members, rather than compartmentalize their medical conditions and treat each one separately.

They urged military medical leadership to use "holistic, integrated approaches to care" that take into account the unique health challenges faced by service members in training and combat, as well as the "interplay between mili­tary and civilian health care systems," to "better meet the health needs of military personnel and veterans."

Maternity care -- labor and delivery or pregnancy-related complications -- was the second most common reason service members were hospitalized in 2023. Largely as a result of this care, the hospitalization rate for service women, who make up 19% of the force, was more than three times that of servicemen.

When removing maternity care from the equation, the hospitalization rate for women was still 33% higher than men, largely as a result of hospital stays for mental health disorders and genitourinary disorders, according to the report.

The researchers noted that the Air Force and Space Force stood out in terms of hospitalizations, with pregnancy- and delivery-related conditions being the top reason airmen and Guardians were hospitalized. Mental health was the leading cause of hospitalization for the Army , Navy and Marine Corps .

"This pattern has been observed in recent years. Prior to 2020, pregnancy- and delivery-related conditions were ranked first for both Navy and Air Force active component members. Among all the services, the crude hospitalization rate for mental health disorders was highest among active component Army members," they wrote.

They noted that injury was the third leading reason for hospitalization across the services with the exception of the Air Force, where it was ranked fourth. Among the services, the Army had the highest hospitalization rate for injury followed by the Marine Corps.

In a bit of good news regarding the health of the force, hospitalizations for all major diagnoses declined from 2019 through 2023, and the crude rate – a simple measure of the total number of hospital admissions divided by the mid-year population that gives researchers a sense of general trends – was its lowest since 2014, according to the reports.

In a separate report, the researchers analyzed the medical encounters and hospitalizations of Coast Guard members and saw similarities to the results of the Defense Department armed services, including injuries as the leading cause of all medical appointments or hospitalizations, and mental health accounting for the most days spent in the hospital, making up 55% of the 8,717 days active-duty Coast Guardsmen spent in the hospital.

The analysts said they perform this in-depth look into injury and illnesses among troops to help military and civilian DoD leadership understand the scope of the issues; provide information on the health of armed forces; and guide decisions on prevention and treatment, as well as effectiveness.

"Recent and accurate infor­mation on the scale of health disorders among service members, groups notice­ably at risk, and trends in their health statuses over time are critical data for policymakers," they wrote.

Related: A VA Medical Center in Colorado Paused Heart Surgeries for 13 Months. Its Leaders Didn't Tell Higher-Ups.

Patricia Kime

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US military project aims to prevent hackers targeting satellites and recognizes rising threat of cyberattacks in space

The aim is to integrate commercial equipment into military space operations, including satellites and other hardware.

The US military recently launched a groundbreaking initiative to strengthen ties with the commercial space industry . The aim is to integrate commercial equipment into military space operations, including satellites and other hardware. This would enhance cybersecurity for military satellites.

As space becomes more important to the world’s critical infrastructure, the risk increases that hostile nation states will deploy cyber attacks on important satellites and other space infrastructure. Targets would include spy satellites or military communications satellites, but commercial spacecraft too.

The US Department of Defense believes its new partnership, called Commercial Augmentation Space Reserve (CASR) , would enhance US national security and the country’s competitive advantage in space. It would go some way beyond the relationship between government and private contractor that already exists.

In some cases, the commercial sector has advanced rapidly beyond government capabilities. This situation exists in numerous countries with a space capability and may apply in certain areas in the US too.

The governments of some nation states are therefore confronted with a choice. They could utilize bespoke systems for protecting their satellites, even though these may be outdated, or they could use other commercial – and potentially more advanced – “off-the-shelf” components. However, the commercial hardware may be less well understood in terms of its vulnerabilities to cyber attacks.

Related: DARPA unveils 6 new designs for uncrewed vertical-takeoff military aircraft, eyes 2026 test flights

Nevertheless, the US military believes that CASR will give it advanced strategic capabilities, and that potential risks can be minimized by actively avoiding over reliance on any single commercial entity.

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The supply chain aims to transition the US military from a restricted pool of commercial suppliers to a broader spectrum of partners. However, there are risks with a bigger pool of commercial suppliers too. Some might be unable to meet the demands of military contracts, could run into financial instability or encounter other pressures that hinder their ability to supply critical components.

New priorities

In 2022, there was a cyber attack on the KA-Sat consumer satellite broadband service. It targeted the satellites delivering the broadband and disrupted the service.

There are many ways to attack another state’s satellites, such as anti-satellite (ASAT) weapons, which are often designed to physically destroy or disable the spacecraft. However, compared to ASATs , cyber attacks can be carried out in ways that are cheaper, quicker and more difficult to trace .

Part of the critical need to prioritize cybersecurity as a result of this strategy is that the US is an attractive market for global players in space. This strategic shift by the US Department of Defense is therefore likely to encourage more global companies to participate.

Resilience to cyber attacks in the space industry has not always been a top priority. It is likely to take time for this to enter the thinking of major players in the space sector.

This historical lack of emphasis on cybersecurity in space highlights an obvious need. There are also inconsistencies and gaps regarding the basic cyber requirements for government and industry, which vary depending on the stance of each nation state.

The US military claims that interoperability in military standards – the ability of different hardware to work seamlessly together – will strengthen the new public-private relationship. It has also left the door open for commercial standards to be adopted in certain instances. But there’s a risk that shifting from military standards (which are typically more stringent than commercial standards) could undermine military assets and lead to the same adverse consequences the strategy seeks to avoid.

Despite the best intentions, the complexities of working with many more and newer commercial partners could also lead to inconsistencies in the application of standards across different projects and systems. Commercial cybersecurity standards are unlikely to prioritize the same level of security required for military applications, especially under extreme conditions.

In light of these challenges, the success of these initiatives hinges on having leaders who are proactive and well informed. Being able to act across the commercial and defense sectors will require key skills – one of which is being informed and educated on cybersecurity.

Recently, I developed an executive space cybersecurity course with postgraduate credentials in partnership with the International Space University. This executive-level course attracted professionals from various sectors, including the legal profession, regulators, consultants, commercial businesses and investors.

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By bridging the gap between different sectors and disciplines, the course fostered an all-round, multidisciplinary approach to space cybersecurity. Executives were able to gain a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness of various systems and the potential vulnerabilities that can arise. This not only enriched the learning experience but also encouraged participants to think outside the box and explore new strategies for mitigating cyber threats in space.

As the Pentagon and the commercial space industry forge ahead with their groundbreaking collaboration, it is important that those making decisions understand the critical nature of cybersecurity. This shift is not without its challenges. But it also presents opportunities for innovation and new partnerships which could shape the future of space exploration and lead to new approaches to cyber security for satellites and other space infrastructure.

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I am an interdisciplinary academic in the Hunter Centre for Entrepreneurship and a visiting academic at the International Space University in Strasbourg. I work at the intersection of the dual domains of space and cyber, I bring a blend of expertise in entrepreneurship, space technology, cybersecurity, simulation, and legal knowledge. With an understanding of the complex challenges faced by the space industry, I seek to leverage my interdisciplinary background to create transformative learning experiences that bridge the gap between theory and practice.

Through my lectures and immersive storytelling, I aim to inspire students and professionals to embrace the dynamic intersection of space entrepreneurship, emerging technology and cybersecurity resilience. By infusing my teaching with practical insights and a focus on ethical decision-making. I seek to empower my students to become purposeful and visionary leaders who can navigate the ever evolving complex landscape in emerging sectors and economies.

I am committed to fostering a collaborative and inclusive learning environment that nurtures creativity, critical thinking, innovation, entrepreneurship, and legal knowledge. I believe in the power of interdisciplinary education and strive to cultivate meaningful connections, with my students, guiding them to unlock their full potential and pursue their passions. Fundamentally my work is shaped by a desire to shape a secure entrepreneurially thriving, innovative and legally compliant space industry.

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Watch CBS News

What is Project 2025? What to know about the conservative blueprint for a second Trump administration

By Melissa Quinn , Jacob Rosen

Updated on: July 11, 2024 / 9:40 AM EDT / CBS News

Washington — Voters in recent weeks have begun to hear the name "Project 2025" invoked more and more by President Biden and Democrats, as they seek to sound the alarm about what could be in store if former President Donald Trump wins a second term in the White House.

Overseen by the conservative Heritage Foundation, the multi-pronged initiative includes a detailed blueprint for the next Republican president to usher in a sweeping overhaul of the executive branch.

Trump and his campaign have worked to distance themselves from Project 2025, with the former president going so far as to call some of the proposals "abysmal." But Democrats have continued to tie the transition project to Trump, especially as they find themselves mired in their own controversy over whether Mr. Biden should withdraw from the 2024 presidential contest following his startling debate performance last month.

Here is what to know about Project 2025:

What is Project 2025?

Project 2025 is a proposed presidential transition project that is composed of four pillars: a policy guide for the next presidential administration; a LinkedIn-style database of personnel who could serve in the next administration; training for that pool of candidates dubbed the "Presidential Administration Academy;" and a playbook of actions to be taken within the first 180 days in office.

It is led by two former Trump administration officials: Paul Dans, who was chief of staff at the Office of Personnel Management and serves as director of the project, and Spencer Chretien, former special assistant to Trump and now the project's associate director.

Project 2025 is spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation, but includes an advisory board consisting of more than 100 conservative groups.

Much of the focus on — and criticism of — Project 2025 involves its first pillar, the nearly 900-page policy book that lays out an overhaul of the federal government. Called "Mandate for Leadership 2025: The Conservative Promise," the book builds on a "Mandate for Leadership" first published in January 1981, which sought to serve as a roadmap for Ronald Reagan's incoming administration.

The recommendations outlined in the sprawling plan reach every corner of the executive branch, from the Executive Office of the President to the Department of Homeland Security to the little-known Export-Import Bank. 

The Heritage Foundation also created a "Mandate for Leadership" in 2015 ahead of Trump's first term. Two years into his presidency, it touted that Trump had instituted 64% of its policy recommendations, ranging from leaving the Paris Climate Accords, increasing military spending, and increasing off-shore drilling and developing federal lands. In July 2020, the Heritage Foundation gave its updated version of the book to then-White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows. 

The authors of many chapters are familiar names from the Trump administration, such as Russ Vought, who led the Office of Management and Budget; former acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller; and Roger Severino, who was director of the Office of Civil Rights at the Department of Health and Human Services.

Vought is the policy director for the 2024 Republican National Committee's platform committee, which released its proposed platform on Monday. 

John McEntee, former director of the White House Presidential Personnel Office under Trump, is a senior advisor to the Heritage Foundation, and said that the group will "integrate a lot of our work" with the Trump campaign when the official transition efforts are announced in the next few months.

Candidates interested in applying for the Heritage Foundation's "Presidential Personnel Database" are vetted on a number of political stances, such as whether they agree or disagree with statements like "life has a right to legal protection from conception to natural death," and "the President should be able to advance his/her agenda through the bureaucracy without hindrance from unelected federal officials."

The contributions from ex-Trump administration officials have led its critics to tie Project 2025 to his reelection campaign, though the former president has attempted to distance himself from the initiative.

What are the Project 2025 plans?

Some of the policies in the Project 2025 agenda have been discussed by Republicans for years or pushed by Trump himself: less federal intervention in education and more support for school choice; work requirements for able-bodied, childless adults on food stamps; and a secure border with increased enforcement of immigration laws, mass deportations and construction of a border wall. 

But others have come under scrutiny in part because of the current political landscape. 

Abortion and social issues

In recommendations for the Department of Health and Human Services, the agenda calls for the Food and Drug Administration to reverse its 24-year-old approval of the widely used abortion pill mifepristone. Other proposed actions targeting medication abortion include reinstating more stringent rules for mifepristone's use, which would permit it to be taken up to seven weeks into a pregnancy, instead of the current 10 weeks, and requiring it to be dispensed in-person instead of through the mail.

The Alliance Defending Freedom, a conservative legal group that is on the Project 2025 advisory board, was involved in a legal challenge to mifepristone's 2000 approval and more recent actions from the FDA that made it easier to obtain. But the Supreme Court rejected the case brought by a group of anti-abortion rights doctors and medical associations on procedural grounds.

The policy book also recommends the Justice Department enforce the Comstock Act against providers and distributors of abortion pills. That 1873 law prohibits drugs, medicines or instruments used in abortions from being sent through the mail.

Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe v. Wade , the volume states that the Justice Department "in the next conservative administration should therefore announce its intent to enforce federal law against providers and distributors of such pills."

The guide recommends the next secretary of Health and Human Services get rid of the Reproductive Healthcare Access Task Force established by the Biden administration before Roe's reversal and create a "pro-life task force to ensure that all of the department's divisions seek to use their authority to promote the life and health of women and their unborn children."

In a section titled "The Family Agenda," the proposal recommends the Health and Human Services chief "proudly state that men and women are biological realities," and that "married men and women are the ideal, natural family structure because all children have a right to be raised by the men and women who conceived them."

Further, a program within the Health and Human Services Department should "maintain a biblically based, social science-reinforced definition of marriage and family."

During his first four years in office, Trump banned transgender people from serving in the military. Mr. Biden reversed that policy , but the Project 2025 policy book calls for the ban to be reinstated.

Targeting federal agencies, employees and policies

The agenda takes aim at longstanding federal agencies, like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA. The agency is a component of the Commerce Department and the policy guide calls for it to be downsized. 

NOAA's six offices, including the National Weather Service and National Marine Fisheries Service, "form a colossal operation that has become one of the main drivers of the climate change alarm industry and, as such, is harmful to future U.S. prosperity," the guide states. 

The Department of Homeland Security, established in 2002, should be dismantled and its agencies either combined with others, or moved under the purview of other departments altogether, the policy book states. For example, immigration-related entities from the Departments of Homeland Security, Justice and Health and Human Services should form a standalone, Cabinet-level border and immigration agency staffed by more than 100,000 employees, according to the agenda.

If the policy recommendations are implemented, another federal agency that could come under the knife by the next administration, with action from Congress, is the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

The agenda seeks to bring a push by conservatives to target diversity, equity and inclusion, or DEI, initiatives in higher education to the executive branch by wiping away a slew of DEI-related positions, policies and programs and calling for the elimination of funding for partners that promote DEI practices.

It states that U.S. Agency for International Development staff and grantees that "engage in ideological agitation on behalf of the DEI agenda" should be terminated. At the Treasury Department, the guide says the next administration should "treat the participation in any critical race theory or DEI initiative without objecting on constitutional or moral grounds, as per se grounds for termination of employment."

The Project 2025 policy book also takes aim at more innocuous functions of government. It calls for the next presidential administration to eliminate or reform the dietary guidelines that have been published by the Department of Agriculture for more than 40 years, which the authors claim have been "infiltrated" by issues like climate change and sustainability.

Immigration

Trump made immigration a cornerstone of his last two presidential runs and has continued to hammer the issue during his 2024 campaign. Project 2025's agenda not only recommends finishing the wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, but urges the next administration to "take a creative and aggressive approach" to responding to drug cartels at the border. This approach includes using active-duty military personnel and the National Guard to help with arrest operations along the southern border.

A memo from Immigration and Customs Enforcement that prohibits enforcement actions from taking place at "sensitive" places like schools, playgrounds and churches should be rolled back, the policy guide states. 

When the Homeland Security secretary determines there is an "actual or anticipated mass migration of aliens" that presents "urgent circumstances" warranting a federal response, the agenda says the secretary can make rules and regulations, including through their expulsion, for as long as necessary. These rules, the guide states, aren't subject to the Administration Procedure Act, which governs the agency rule-making process.

What do Trump and his advisers say about Project 2025?

In a post to his social media platform on July 5, Trump wrote , "I know nothing about Project 2025. I have no idea who is behind it. I disagree with some of the things they're saying and some of the things they're saying are absolutely ridiculous and abysmal. Anything they do, I wish them luck, but I have nothing to do with them."

Trump's pushback to the initiative came after Heritage Foundation President Kevin Roberts said in a podcast interview that the nation is "in the process of the second American Revolution, which will remain bloodless if the left allows it to be."

The former president continued to disavow the initiative this week, writing in another social media post  that he knows nothing about Project 2025.

"I have not seen it, have no idea who is in charge of it, and, unlike our very well received Republican Platform, had nothing to do with it," Trump wrote. "The Radical Left Democrats are having a field day, however, trying to hook me into whatever policies are stated or said. It is pure disinformation on their part. By now, after all of these years, everyone knows where I stand on EVERYTHING!"

While the former president said he doesn't know who is in charge of the initiative, the project's director, Dans, and associate director, Chretien, were high-ranking officials in his administration. Additionally, Ben Carson, former secretary of Housing and Urban Development under Trump; John Ratcliffe, former director of National Intelligence in the Trump administration; and Peter Navarro, who served as a top trade adviser to Trump in the White House, are listed as either authors or contributors to the policy agenda.

Still, even before Roberts' comments during "The War Room" podcast — typically hosted by conservative commentator Steve Bannon, who reported to federal prison to begin serving a four-month sentence last week — Trump's top campaign advisers have stressed that Project 2025 has no official ties to his reelection bid.

Susie Wiles and Chris LaCivita, senior advisers to the Trump campaign, said in a November statement that 2024 policy announcements will be made by Trump or his campaign team.

"Any personnel lists, policy agendas, or government plans published anywhere are merely suggestions," they said.

While the efforts by outside organizations are "appreciated," Wiles and LaCivita said, "none of these groups or individuals speak for President Trump or his campaign."

In response to Trump's post last week, Project 2025 reiterated that it was separate from the Trump campaign.

"As we've been saying for more than two years now, Project 2025 does not speak for any candidate or campaign. We are a coalition of more than 110 conservative groups advocating policy & personnel recommendations for the next conservative president. But it is ultimately up to that president, who we believe will be President Trump, to decide which recommendations to implement," a statement on the project's X account said.

The initiative has also pushed back on Democrats' claims about its policy proposals and accused them of lying about what the agenda contains.

What do Democrats say?

Despite their attempts to keep some distance from Project 2025, Democrats continue to connect Trump with the transition effort. The Biden-Harris campaign frequently posts about the project on X, tying it to a second Trump term.

Mr. Biden himself accused his Republican opponent of lying about his connections to the Project 2025 agenda, saying in a statement that the agenda was written for Trump and "should scare every single American." He claimed on his campaign social media account  Wednesday that Project 2025 "will destroy America."

Congressional Democrats have also begun pivoting to Project 2025 when asked in interviews about Mr. Biden's fitness for a second term following his lackluster showing at the June 27 debate, the first in which he went head-to-head with Trump.

"Trump is all about Project 2025," Pennsylvania Sen. John Fetterman told CNN on Monday. "I mean, that's what we really should be voting on right now. It's like, do we want the kind of president that is all about Project '25?"

Rep. Jim Clyburn of South Carolina, one of Mr. Biden's closest allies on Capitol Hill, told reporters Monday that the agenda for the next Republican president was the sole topic he would talk about.

"Project 2025, that's my only concern," he said. "I don't want you or my granddaughter to live under that government."

In a statement reiterating her support for Mr. Biden, Rep. Frederica Wilson of Florida called Project 2025 "MAGA Republicans' draconian 920-page plan to end U.S. democracy, give handouts to the wealthy and strip Americans of their freedoms."

What are Republicans saying about Project 2025?

Two GOP senators under consideration to serve as Trump's running mate sought to put space between the White House hopeful and Project 2025, casting it as merely the product of a think tank that puts forth ideas.

"It's the work of a think tank, of a center-right think tank, and that's what think tanks do," Florida Sen. Marco Rubio told CNN's "State of the Union" on Sunday.

He said Trump's message to voters focuses on "restoring common sense, working-class values, and making our decisions on the basis of that."

Ohio Sen. J.D. Vance raised a similar sentiment in an interview with NBC's "Meet the Press," saying organizations will have good ideas and bad ideas.

"It's a 900-page document," he said Sunday. "I guarantee there are things that Trump likes and dislikes about that 900-page document. But he is the person who will determine the agenda of the next administration."

Jaala Brown contributed to this report.

Melissa Quinn is a politics reporter for CBSNews.com. She has written for outlets including the Washington Examiner, Daily Signal and Alexandria Times. Melissa covers U.S. politics, with a focus on the Supreme Court and federal courts.

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