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430+ Research Methodology (RM) Solved MCQs

Research Methodology

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Research Approaches
• Concepts of Theory and Empiricism
• Characteristics of scientific method
• Understanding the Language of Research
• 11 Steps in Research Process
• Research Design
• Different Research Designs
• Compare and Contrast the Main Types of Research Designs
• Cross-sectional research design
• Qualitative and Quantitative Research
• Descriptive Research VS Qualitative Research
• Experimental Research VS Quantitative Research
• Sampling Design
• Probability VS Non-Probability Sampling

40 MCQ on Research Methodology

• MCQ on research Process
• MCQ on Research Design
• 18 MCQ on Quantitative Research
• 30 MCQ on Qualitative Research
• 45 MCQ on Sampling Methods
• 20 MCQ on Principles And Planning For Research

Q1. Which of the following statement is correct? (A) Reliability ensures the validity (B) Validity ensures reliability (C) Reliability and validity are independent of each other (D) Reliability does not depend on objectivity

Answer:  (C)

Q2. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Objectives of research are stated in first chapter of the thesis (B) Researcher must possess analytical ability (C) Variability is the source of problem (D) All the above

Answer:  (D)

Q3. The first step of research is: (A) Selecting a problem (B) Searching a problem (C) Finding a problem (D) Identifying a problem

Q4. Research can be conducted by a person who: (A) holds a postgraduate degree (B) has studied research methodology (C) possesses thinking and reasoning ability (D) is a hard worker

Answer: (B)

Q5. Research can be classified as: (A) Basic, Applied and Action Research (B) Philosophical, Historical, Survey and Experimental Research (C) Quantitative and Qualitative Research (D) All the above

Q6. To test null hypothesis, a researcher uses: (A) t test (B) ANOVA (C)  X 2 (D) factorial analysis

Answer:  (B)

Q7. Bibliography given in a research report: (A) shows vast knowledge of the researcher (B) helps those interested in further research (C) has no relevance to research (D) all the above

Q8. A research problem is feasible only when: (A) it has utility and relevance (B) it is researchable (C) it is new and adds something to knowledge (D) all the above

Q9. The study in which the investigators attempt to trace an effect is known as: (A) Survey Research (B) Summative Research (C) Historical Research (D) ‘Ex-post Facto’ Research

Answer: (D)

Q10. Generalized conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Answer:  (A)

Q11. Fundamental research reflects the ability to: (A) Synthesize new ideals (B) Expound new principles (C) Evaluate the existing material concerning research (D) Study the existing literature regarding various topics

Q12. The main characteristic of scientific research is: (A) empirical (B) theoretical (C) experimental (D) all of the above

Q13. Authenticity of a research finding is its: (A) Originality (B) Validity (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q14. Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? (A) Area Sampling Technique (B) Purposive Sampling Technique (C) Systematic Sampling Technique (D) None of the above

Q15. Research problem is selected from the stand point of: (A) Researcher’s interest (B) Financial support (C) Social relevance (D) Availability of relevant literature

Q16. The research is always – (A) verifying the old knowledge (B) exploring new knowledge (C) filling the gap between knowledge (D) all of these

Q17. Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding a solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for the truth of any problem (D) None of the above

Q20. A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above

Q21. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate the problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of the problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem

Answer: (C)

Q22. Which correlation coefficient best explains the relationship between creativity and intelligence? (A) 1.00 (B) 0.6 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.3

Q23. Manipulation is always a part of (A) Historical research (B) Fundamental research (C) Descriptive research (D) Experimental research

Explanation: In experimental research, researchers deliberately manipulate one or more independent variables to observe their effects on dependent variables. The goal is to establish cause-and-effect relationships and test hypotheses. This type of research often involves control groups and random assignment to ensure the validity of the findings. Manipulation is an essential aspect of experimental research to assess the impact of specific variables and draw conclusions about their influence on the outcome.

Q24. The research which is exploring new facts through the study of the past is called (A) Philosophical research (B) Historical research (C) Mythological research (D) Content analysis

Q25. A null hypothesis is (A) when there is no difference between the variables (B) the same as research hypothesis (C) subjective in nature (D) when there is difference between the variables

Q26. We use Factorial Analysis: (A) To know the relationship between two variables (B) To test the Hypothesis (C) To know the difference between two variables (D) To know the difference among the many variables

Explanation: Factorial analysis, specifically factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), is used to investigate the effects of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable. It helps to determine whether there are significant differences or interactions among the independent variables and their combined effects on the dependent variable.

Q27. Which of the following is classified in the category of the developmental research? (A) Philosophical research (B) Action research (C) Descriptive research (D) All the above

Q28.  Action-research is: (A) An applied research (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems (C) A longitudinal research (D) All the above

Explanation: Action research is an approach to research that encompasses all the options mentioned. It is an applied research method where researchers work collaboratively with practitioners or stakeholders to address immediate problems or issues in a real-world context. It is often conducted over a period of time, making it a longitudinal research approach. So, all the options (A) An applied research, (B) A research carried out to solve immediate problems, and (C) A longitudinal research are correct when describing action research.

Q29.  The basis on which assumptions are formulated: (A) Cultural background of the country (B) Universities (C) Specific characteristics of the castes (D) All of these

Q30. How can the objectivity of the research be enhanced? (A) Through its impartiality (B) Through its reliability (C) Through its validity (D) All of these

Q31.  A research problem is not feasible only when: (A) it is researchable (B) it is new and adds something to the knowledge (C) it consists of independent and dependent var i ables (D) it has utility and relevance

Explanation:  A research problem is considered feasible when it can be studied and investigated using appropriate research methods and resources. The presence of independent and dependent variables is not a factor that determines the feasibility of a research problem. Instead, it is an essential component of a well-defined research problem that helps in formulating research questions or hypotheses. Feasibility depends on whether the research problem can be addressed and answered within the constraints of available time, resources, and methods. Options (A), (B), and (D) are more relevant to the feasibility of a research problem.

Q32. The process not needed in experimental research is: (A) Observation (B) Manipulation and replication (C) Controlling (D) Reference collection

In experimental research, reference collection is not a part of the process.

Q33. When a research problem is related to heterogeneous population, the most suitable sampling method is: (A) Cluster Sampling (B) Stratified Sampling (C) Convenient Sampling (D) Lottery Method

Explanation: When a research problem involves a heterogeneous population, stratified sampling is the most suitable sampling method. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups or strata based on certain characteristics or variables. Each stratum represents a relatively homogeneous subset of the population. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum in proportion to its size or importance in the population. This method ensures that the sample is representative of the diversity present in the population and allows for more precise estimates of population parameters for each subgroup.

Q34.  Generalised conclusion on the basis of a sample is technically known as: (A) Data analysis and interpretation (B) Parameter inference (C) Statistical inference (D) All of the above

Explanation: Generalized conclusions based on a sample are achieved through statistical inference. It involves using sample data to make inferences or predictions about a larger population. Statistical inference helps researchers draw conclusions, estimate parameters, and test hypotheses about the population from which the sample was taken. It is a fundamental concept in statistics and plays a crucial role in various fields, including research, data analysis, and decision-making.

Q35. The experimental study is based on

(A) The manipulation of variables (B) Conceptual parameters (C) Replication of research (D) Survey of literature

Q36.  Which one is called non-probability sampling? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Quota sampling (C) Systematic sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q37.  Formulation of hypothesis may NOT be required in: (A) Survey method (B) Historical studies (C) Experimental studies (D) Normative studies

Q38. Field-work-based research is classified as: (A) Empirical (B) Historical (C) Experimental (D) Biographical

Q39. Which of the following sampling method is appropriate to study the prevalence of AIDS amongst male and female in India in 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006? (A) Cluster sampling (B) Systematic sampling (C) Quota sampling (D) Stratified random sampling

Q40. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is: (A) Applied research (B) Action research (C) Experimental research (D) None of these

Answer: (A)

Research Methodology MCQ with Answers

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Table of Contents

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-1

1. In “ RESEARCH ”  “R” means

2. In the word “RESEARCH”  “A” means

(A) Articulate

(C) Article

(D) None of the above

3. Research is derived from

(D) Japanizes

4. Who defined “Research” as “systematized effort to gain new knowledge”

(A)Tom & Zerry

(B) Redman and Mory

(C) F.W Taylor

(D) Ross Taylor

5. Which of the following is the Objective of the Research?

(A) To become familiar with a phenomenon

(B) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

(C)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with it is associated with something else.

(D) All of the above

6. Research is basically

(A) a methodology of enquiry

(B) search of truth

(C) a systematic exploration of facts

7. A test of research aptitude for candidates of the UGC NET, is aimed at

(A) providing basic idea of search to the candidates

(B) Screening the persons having scientific bent of mind

(C) providing a database of ‘future’ scientists of the country to the Government

(D) putting obstacles to the candidates

8. The main purpose of research in education is to

(A)-help in individual’s personal growth 

(B) increase the social prestige of an individual

(C) increase individual’s market value of jobs 

(D) help the individual to become an eminent educationist

9. Where is the objective observation used?

(A) In conducting experiments

(B) In research

(C) In normal behaviour 

(D) In almost all the situations

10. Inferring about the whole population on on the basis of the observations made on a small part is called

(A) deductive inference

(B) inductive inference

(C) objective inference

(D) pseudo-inference

11. A hypothesis is a

(A) Tentative statement whose validity is still to be tested

(B) Supposition which is based on the past experiences

(C) Statement of fact

12. What do you mean by synopsis of a research project?

(A) The blue print of research

(B) Extracts from the research observations

(C) A plan of the research

(D) Summary of the findings of the research

13. Can a problem be stated?

(A) By putting forward a question

(B) Making a statment which is declarative in nature

(C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

14. What do you mean by an assumption?

(A) It is a framework in which research work has to be done

(B) It simplifies the logical process of arriving at the solution

(C) It is a restrictive condition

15. A null hypothesis is

(A) hypothesis of no difference

(B) Hypothesis that assigns value of zero to the variable

(C) Hypothesis of zero significance

16. The preparation of a synopsis is

(B) a science

(D) None of these

17. The advantage of sampling is

(A) time-saving

(B) capital-saving

(C) increased accurary

(D) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

18. In case of destructive testings, the best method of research is

(A) Sampling

(B) Complete enumeration

(C) Census survey

 (D) None of the above

19. The method of Randomization involves

(A) lottery

(B) Coin method

(C) Tippit’s table of random digits

(D)All of the above

20. The advantages of random sampling is that

(A) It is free from personal biases

(B) It produces reasonably accurate results

(C) It is an economical method of data. Collection

21. Tippit table is

(A) A table of random digits

(B) Used in statistical investigations

(C) Used in sampling methods

22. The demerits of sampling methods is

(A) Existence of sampling errors

 (B) Requirements of adequately trained personnel for sample survey

 (C) Non-uniformity in sample units

23. What is the meaning of Randomization?

(A) Each and every unit of the population has an equal chance of selection in the sample

(B) The selection or non-selection of a unit of population does not affect the selection or non-selection of the other unit of the population in the sample

(C) It is a method of selection which is free from subjective biases.

24. Type-1 Error occurs when

(A) The null hypothesis is rejected even when it is true

(B) The null hypothesis is accepted even when it is false

(C) The null hypothesis as well as Alternative hypothesis, both are rejected

25. What is/are the base(s) of formulation of a Hypothesis?

(A) Reflection

(B) Deduction

(C) Observation

(D) All of these

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-2

1. Which is not the characteristic of research

(A) Basic Research

(B) Holistic Perspective

(C) Context Sensitivity

(D) Ex-Post Facto Research

2. The different between the Ex-Post Facto Research and Experiments research is

(B) Control

3. Ex-Post Facto Research could be

4. Part of social research is

(A) Laboratory experiment

(B) Field Experiment

(C) Survey research

5. Kotz has been divided field studies into

(A) Exploratory

(B) Hypothesis testing

(C) Both of the above

6. Which of the following is a step of research design?

 (A) Defining the problem and formulating a hypothesis

(B) Collecting data

(C) Drawing inferences from the data

7. Which of the following is the chief characteristic of sampling methods?

(A) Economy

(B) Reliability

(C) Feasibility

8. Scientific methods are used in

(A) only research projects in pure sciences

(B) social science researches

(D) Neither ‘A’ nor ‘B’

9. Which of the following is a type of hypothesis?

(A) Interrogative hypothesis

(B) Declarative hypothesis

(C) Directional hypothesis

10. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling method?

(A) Simple random sampling

(B) Systematic sampling

(C) Cluster sampling

(D) Quota sampling

11. In which of the following cases, the formation of hypothesis may not be necessary?

(A) Investigative historical studies

(B) Experimental studies

(C) Normative studies

(D) Survey studies

12. A researcher divides the whole population in different parts and then fixes the no. of units from each of the parts that are to be included in the sample. The method of sampling used by him is

(A) Stratified random sampling

(B) Cluster sampling

(C) Quota sampling

13. For the population with finite size which of the following sampling method is generally preferred?

(A) Cluster sampling

(B) Area sampling

(C) Preposive sampling

(D) Systematic sampling

14. A research is based on

 (A) Ideas of the scientists

(B) Experiments

(C) Scientific method

(D) Some general principles

15. The scientific study of the historical back ground of the events to determine its bearing on the present conditions is called

(A) Philosophical research

(B) Action research

(C) Experimental research

(D) Historical research

16. Research and Development (R&D) has now become the index of development of country because

(A) R&D reflect the true economic and social conditions prevailing in a country

(B) R&D targets the human development

(C) R&D can improve the standard of living of the people in a country

17. The word ‘unscientific means

(A) Prejudices and biases

(B) Useless arguments

(C) Not being in harmony

18. Who put forward the statement, “Research is an honest effort carried out through insight”?

19. The Data of research is, generally

(A) Qualitative only

(B) Quantitative only

20. Which of the following is a paramount requirement of a Researcher?

(A) Scientific thinking

(B) Scientific feeling

(C) Scientific behaviour

(D) Scientific attitude

21. A research aims at

(A) Verifying the existing knowledge

(B) Acquiring new knowledge

(C) Filling the missing links in the existing Knowledge

 (D) All of the above

22. Longitudinal approach of Research deals with

(A) Short-term researches

(B) Long-term researches

(C) Horizontal researches

23. Action research means

(A) A longitudinal research

(B) An applied research

(C) Research which are initiated to solve the immediate problems

24. Why Yamuna Action Plan’, is an Action Research Plan?

(A) It has a definite goals and objectives

(B) It is to be finished in a pre-determined schedule

(C) It has a definite socio-economic objective

25. Which of the following Researches emphasise primarily the factual aims?

(A) Philosophical researches

(B) Historical researches

(C) Theoretical researches

(D) Behavioral researches

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-3

1. A successful research requirements

(A) Planning

(B) Guidance

2. Which of the following is the research purpose?

(A) To study a phenomenon or to achieve a new insight in to it

(B)To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with

(C) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship, between variables

3. Which is the Design of sampling?

(A) Probability selection

(B) Purposive Methods

(C) Mixed Sample

4. Survey research methods come under

(A) Pre-empirical research methods

(B) Descriptive research methods

(C) Experimental research methods

5. Ethical principle is available in which report

(A) Belmont Report

(B) Finance report

(C) Research Report

6. The logic of induction is very much related with

(A) The logic of sampling

(B) The logic of controlled variable

(C) The logic of observation

7. The aims of research

(A) are descriptive in nature

(B) are founded on human values

(C) cause-effect-relatedness

8. The aims of research is/are

(A) Verification

(B) Fact finding

(C) Theoretical development

9. Objective or unbiased observation is most vital in

(A) All walks of life

(B) Performing experiments

(C) Normal behaviour

(D) Research methods

10. The reporting of Research findings should be done

(A) by the scientists themselves

(B) in a scientific and effective way

(C) through internet

(D) through scientific journals

11. Reliability of a research result implies its

(A) Verifiability

(B) Validity

(C) Uniqueness

(D) Usefulness

12. Watson and Mcgrath defined research as

(A) An intellectual exercise

(B) Using exploratory methods

(C) Using scientific methods

13. A research is

(A) A serious and investigative study

(B) Being illuminated

(C) Based on standarized conclusions

14. A person who is repeating the same mistakes again and again without trying to rectify it, is

(A) A foolish person

 (B) An excellent researcher

(C) An excellent forgetter

(D) An insane person

 15. In Hindi, the word “Anusandhan’

(A) Praying to achieve

(B) Attaining an aim

(C) Being goal-directed

(D) Following an aim

16. The word “Research” means

(A) To know

(C) To move

(D) To innovate

17. Social research can be divided into

(A) Two categories

(B) Three categories

(C) Four categories

(D) Five categories

18. Which of the following is/are categories of social research?

(B) Field experiment

19. Which of the following is/are types of field studies?

(A) Exploratory testing

20. Survey research studies

(B) Populations

(C) Circumstances

(D) Processes

21. Evaluation research is concerned with

(A) What are we doing?

(B) Why are we doing?

(C)  How well are we doing?

22. Action research is a type of

 (A) Applied research

 (B) Quality research

(C) Working research

(D) Survey research

23. Which of the following is the key factor in determining the success of group research?

(B) Organization

(C) Researcher

(D) Creativity

24. Which of the following have a direct bearing on research tools and techniques?

(A) Concepts

 (B) Knowledge

(C) Aspirations

25. The aim of group research is to achieve integration on

(A) Conceptual level

(B) Technical level

(C) Human level

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-4

1. The evolution of operation research could be associated within well-known development of

(A) Industrial organization

(B) Institutional organization

(C) Small scale organization

(D) Traditional organization

2. The problem and techniques can be classified broadly into

(A) Inventory control

(B) Game theory

(C) Network analysis

(D)All of these

3. Which of the following is/are essential requirement/s to carry out a successful research

(C) Experts

4. Which of the following has a great impact mind of the researcher?

(A) References

 (B) Finance

(C) Journals

(D) Library

5. Which of the following is the first step in a research process?

(A) Selecting a topic

(B) Formulating research problem

(C) Development of a hypothesis

6. Hypothesis relate generally or specifically

(A) Variables to variables

(B) Constant to variables

(C) Variables to constant

(D) Constant to constant.

7. The source of hypotheses may be based

(A) Chance-intuition

(B) Expectation

 (D) None of these

8. Research design is

(B) A structure

(C) An strategy

9. Which of the following is/are purposes of the research design?

(A) Providing answers of research questions

 (B) Controling the variance

10. In which of the following selection depends on chance?

(B) Purposive method

(C) Mixed sample

11. In the purposive method of sampling design, items are selected according to

(A) Law of probability

(B) Personal judgement

(C) Law of certainty

12. If samples are taken concerning all probable characteristics then there are

(A) No chances of any error

(B) More chances of error

(C) Lesser chances of more errors

13. Primary data for the research process can be collected through

(A) Experiment

 14. A belief becomes a scientific truth when it is

(A) Established experimentally

(B) Arrived logically

15. In order to study the relationship of family size to income a researcher classifies his population into different income slabs and then takes a random sample from each slab. Which technique of sampling does he adopt?

(B) Random sampling

(C) Stratified random sampling

 16. A researcher uses statistical techniques in his problem to confirm

(A) Whether worthwhile inferences could be drawn

(B) Whether the data could be quantified

(C) Whether appropriate statistical techniques are available

(D) Whether analysis of data would be possible

17. Which of the following qualities do you consider essential for a research scientist?

(A) Keenness of observation

(B) Persistence

(C) Logical reasoning

18. With which of the following propositions about research you do not agree?

(A) Research improves the quality of teaching

(B) Research contributes to social progress of the country

(C) Research is a joy in itself

(D) Research leads to finding solution

19. Which of the following is/are essential for communicating a research work?

(A) Command over language

(B) Conclusions drawn

(C) Procedure followed

20. A researcher should consider himself as

(A) Open minded and radical

(B) A status-quo maintainer

(C) Fairly knowledgeable

(D) Entirely dependent on the teacher

Research Methodology MCQ Questions Set-5

1. A good researcher lays his hands on

(A) A specific area and tries to understand it great details in

(B) A specific area and tries to understand it in minute details

(C) Several areas and tries to understand them at basic level

(D) Any area of his interest

2. The research is always

(A) Verifying the old knowledge

(B) Exploring the new knowledge

3. The research that applies the laws at the time of field study to draw more and more clear ideas about the problem is

(A) Action research

(B) Experimental research

(C) Applied research

4. Which of the following process is not needed in experimental research?

(A) Observation

(B) Reference collection

(C) Controlling

(D) Manipulation

5. A research problem is not feasible only when

(A) It consists of independent and dependent variables

(B) It is researchable

(C) It has utality and relevance

(D) It is new and adds something to knowledge

6. Research methods can be put into which of the following category?

(A) Pre-empirical research

(B) Descriptive methods

(C)Experimental method

7. Choosing a specific behaviour and counting its occurrences comes under

(A) Correctional research

(B) Naturalistic observation

8. Determining the relationships between two or more variables comes under

(A) Naturalistic observation

(B) Correctional research

(D) Action research

9. Participant observation is the process of immersing yourself in the study of

(A) Processes

(D) Methods

10. A research method ‘ethnography’ is the process of describing a

(A) Culture

(B) way of life

11. Which of the following is an way of doing social science research?

(A) Case study

(B) Game study

(C) Plan study

(D) Process study

12. Dramaturgical interviewing is a technique of doing research by

(A) case study

(B) Role playing

(C) Planning

(D) Sampling

13. Which of the following is the goal of evaluation research?

(A) Situation-based decision making

(B) People-based decision making

(C) Data-based decision making

(D) Trend-based decision making

14. Under the evaluation research which type/s of decision is/are made?

(A) Need assessment

(B) Process evaluation

(C) Context evaluation

15. Usually which type of questions is asked during interviews?

(A) Close-ended

(B) Natural

(C) Open-ended

(D) Puzzling

16. Which of the following is not a component of ethical research?

(A) Competence

(B) Voluntariness

(C) Consent

(D) Suitability

17. Which of the following completes the research process?

(A) Research note

(B) Report writing

(C) Summary writing

(D) Preface writing

18. Which of the following is a suggested outline for report writing?

(A) Prefatory material

(B) Primary material

(C) Supplementary material

(D) Analytic material

19. Which of the following is the most eye catching part of the research report?

(A) Summary

(B) Conclusion

(C) Preface

(D) Glossary of terms

20. A research report is the presentation of

(A) Positive evidences.

(B) Negative evidences

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Thank you very much, its enlightened my knowledge towards research

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Research Methodology MCQs [Multiple Choice Questions and Answer] for NTA NET and SLET Exam

Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] Multiple Choice Questions and Answers Useful for B.Com/M.Com, NTA NET / JRF and SET Exam

In this Post You will get Research Methodology MCQs which is very helpful for the students of B. Com, M. Com, NTA Net and SLET Exam . More than 200 questions are added and more questions will be added soon.

Research methodology Chapter wise MCQs are also available on our blog. Links are given below:

a)  Research Methodology MCQs [Part 1] (40 Questions)

b) Research Methodology MCQS Part I1 (35 Questions)

c) Sampling MCQs (35 Questions)

d) MCQ on Research Problem and Research Plan (20 Questions)

e) Collection of data MCQs (33 Questions)

f) MCQ on Research Report Writing (30 Questions)

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1. The word research is derived from the French word:

c) Resourch

Ans: b) Recerch

2. Research is related with:

a) Discovery of new idea

b) Solution of a problem

c) Investigation of a problem

d) All of the above

Ans: d) All of the above

3. What is the purpose of doing research?

a) To identify problem

b) To find the solution

c) Both A and B

d) None of these

Ans: c) Both A and B

4. Research is

a) Searching again and again

b) Finding solution to any problem

c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

d) None of the above

Ans: c) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem

5. Applied research is also called:

a) Analytical research

b) Empirical research

c) Contractual research

d) Qualitative research

Ans: c) Contractual research

6. Action research means:

a) A longitudinal research

b) An Analytical research

c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

d) A research with socioeconomic objective

Ans: c) A research initiated to solve an immediate problem

7. Research conducted to find solution for an immediate problem is:

a) Fundamental research

b) Analytical research

d) Action research

Ans: d) Action research

8. Basic research is also known as:

a) Applied research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Analytical research

Ans: b) Fundamental research

9. Analytical research is the type of research that:

a) Discovers ways of finding solution of an immediate problem.

b) Gathers knowledge skill.

c) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

Ans: d) Analyze the facts or information already available.

10. Match the following:

11. Research pertaining to pure mathematics or natural laws is the example of:

a) Qualitative research

c) Analytical research

d) Fundamental research

Ans: d) Fundamental research

12. Fundamental research is the type of research that:

Ans: b) Gathers knowledge skill.

13. Research related to abstract ideas or concept is

a) Empirical research

b) Conceptual research

c) Quantitative research

Ans: b) Conceptual research

14. Descriptive research is the type of research that:

c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

d) Is useful for formulating hypothesis or testing hypothesis.

Ans: c) Only describe the state of affairs as it exists today. It is a fact finding research.

15. Descriptive research is also called as:

b) Qualitative research

c) Statistical research

d) Applied research

Ans: c) Statistical research

16. Descriptive research includes:

a) Fact finding enquiry on social events and system.

b) Hypothesis testing.

c) Ex-post facto research

17. Fundamental research is otherwise called:

a) Basic research

b) Pure research

c) Both a & b

Ans: c) Both a & b

18. Which one of the following is not a feature of descriptive result?

a) It is a fact finding enquiry.

b) Research has no control over variables.

c) Descriptive research is used for hypothesis testing.

d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

Ans: d) It is based on measurement of quantity.

19. The process not needed in experimental research is:

a) Controlling

b) Observation

c) Manipulation

d) Reference collection

Ans: d) Reference collection

20. Research to study the effect of certain policies, plans and programmes is:

b) Descriptive research

c) Evaluation research

d) Casual research

Ans: c) Evaluation research

21. Study of cause and effect relationship between variables is done by:

a) Casual research

b) Empirical research

c) Explanatory research

d) Longitudinal research

Ans: a) Casual research

22. Newton gave three basic laws of motion. This research is categorized as:

a) Descriptive Research

b) Sample Survey

c) Fundamental Research

d)  Applied Research

Ans: c) Fundamental Research

23. Most of the Universities in India:

a) Conduct teaching and research only

b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

c) Conduct teaching/research and examinations

d) Promote research only

Ans: b) Affiliate colleges and conduct examinations

24. Manipulation is always a part of:

a) Historical research

b) Fundamental research

c) Descriptive research

d) Experimental research

Ans: d) Experimental research

25. First stage of research process is:

a) Identification of research problem

b) Review of literature

c) Research design

d) Analysis of data

Ans: a) Identification of research problem

26. Last stage of research process is:

a) Review of literature

b) Report writing

Ans: b) Report writing

27. ________ helps comparison of two or more variables:

a) Classification

b) Tabulation

c) Research

Ans: b) Tabulation

28. One-time research is applicable in case of:

a) Environmental studies

b) Diagnostic Studies

c) Historical Studies

d) Experimental studies

Ans: b) Diagnostic Studies

29. A null hypothesis is

a) When there is no difference between the variables

b) The same as research hypothesis

c) Subjective in nature

d) When there is difference between the variables

Ans: a) When there is no difference between the variables

30. The process not needed in Experimental Researches is:

a) Observation

b) Manipulation

c)  Controlling

d)  Content Analysis

Ans: d) Content Analysis

31. Technical knowledge to solve problem is created in:

a) Critical research

b) Exploratory research

c) Applied research

d) Basic research

Ans: b) Exploratory research

32. Technical Report is otherwise called

a) Interim Report.

b) Popular Report.

d) Summary.

Ans: c) Thesis.

33. A short summary of Technical Report is called

a) Article.

b) Research Abstract.

c) Publication.

Ans: b) Research Abstract.

34. A way of knowing a hypothesis cannot be formed without which of the following?

a) Experimentation

Ans: b) Observation

35. Which of the following is true about research?

a) Research is an art of scientific Investigation.

b) Research is purely an academic activity.   

c) Research should be based on facts.

36. Which of the following is true about hypothesis?

a) A tentative proposition subject to test is hypothesis.

b) Hypothesis cannot be stated in general terms.

c) Hypothesis is capable of being tested.

37. Research process starts with:

a) Hypothesis

b) Experiments to test hypothesis

c) Observation

d) All of these

Ans: d) All of these

38. There are various types of research designed to obtain different types of information. what type of research is used to define problems and suggest hypotheses?

a) Descriptive research

b) Primary research

c) Secondary research

Ans: a) Descriptive research

39. Conducting an experiment on newton's 3rd law of motion is an example of ______ research.

c) Exploratory

d) Descriptive

Ans: b) Basic

40. The final research report is not_____________.

a) Future secondary data.

b) Basis for decision-making.

c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

d) Research proposal.

Ans: c) Tangible evidence of a research project.

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Research Methodology MCQs

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Answer these Research Methodology MCQs and assess your grip on the subject of Research Methodology. Scroll below and get started!

1: The double-blind procedure is most likely to be used in ________ research.

A.   Survey

B.   Case study

C.   Correlational

D.   Experimental

2: What is the purpose of a literature review in research?

A.   To summarize existing research findings

B.   To identify gaps in current knowledge

C.   To provide theoretical background for the study

D.   All of the above

3: What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

A.   Qualitative research focuses on understanding meanings and interpretations, while quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis

B.   Qualitative research is more reliable than quantitative research

C.   Quantitative research involves larger sample sizes than qualitative research

D.   Qualitative research is conducted in a laboratory setting, while quantitative research is conducted in the field

4: What is the purpose of a research hypothesis?

A.   To state the research question in a concise manner

B.   To provide a rationale for conducting the study

C.   To make a testable prediction about the relationship between variables

D.   To summarize the findings of the study

5: Which of the following sampling methods is appropriate when the population is large and diverse?

A.   Convenience sampling

B.   Purposive sampling

C.   Random sampling

D.   Snowball sampling

6: What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

A.   The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

B.   The variable that is measured or observed for changes

C.   The variable that is held constant for comparison

D.   The variable that is controlled by external factors

7: What is the purpose of data analysis in research?

A.   To collect data from participants

B.   To interpret and draw conclusions from the collected data

C.   To design the research study

D.   To develop research questions and hypotheses

8: What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

A.   Primary data is collected firsthand by the researcher, while secondary data is obtained from existing sources

B.   Primary data is more reliable than secondary data

C.   Secondary data is collected through surveys and experiments, while primary data is obtained from literature reviews

D.   Primary data is quantitative, while secondary data is qualitative

9: What is a research design?

A.   The process of developing research questions and hypotheses

B.   The overall plan or strategy for conducting a research study

C.   The selection and training of research participants

D.   The statistical tests used for data analysis

10: What is the purpose of ethical considerations in research?

A.   To ensure the confidentiality of research data

B.   To protect the rights and well-being of research participants

C.   To obtain funding for the research study

D.   To establish the credibility of the research findings

11: What is the significance level in hypothesis testing?

A.   The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis

B.   The sample size required for the study

C.   The strength of the relationship between variables

D.   The type of statistical analysis used in the study

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Management and Advisory

This domain includes a full range of management and consulting services that can improve a federal agency’s performance, aid its endeavors to meet mission goals, and provide operating advice and assistance on administrative and management issues.

View NAICS codes for the M&A domain

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This domain includes requirements to provide specific engineering, geoscience, or other technical professional skills, such as those performed by engineers, geologists, geophysicists, and technicians, required to handle specific operating conditions and problems for the benefit of the government. Work under this Domain typically involves the application of physical laws and principles of engineering in the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, processes, and systems; and providing expert advice and assistance on technical functions and issues.

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Research and Development (R&D)

This domain includes any requirements in support of Research and Development activities. R&D activities may be aimed at achieving either specific or general objectives. The term R&D includes basic research, applied research and experimental development. Services include conducting R&D in: the physical, engineering and life sciences; nanotechnology; biotechnology; and social sciences and humanities.

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Intelligence Services (INTEL)

This domain focuses on Command, Control, Communications, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance mission requirements. Organizational and technological capabilities improve situational awareness and enhance command and control strategies within defense and intelligence environments.

View NAICS codes for the INTEL domain

Environmental (ENV)

This domain supports agencies in meeting their environmental requirements and streamlining the contracting process by providing a faster, more cost-efficient means to meet environmental objectives. Requirements typically involve multidisciplinary teams of scientists, engineers, and other technicians with expertise in areas such as air and water quality, climate change, asbestos contamination, remediation, ecological restoration, and environmental law. Environmental consulting could consist of support such as Planning and Documentation Services for the development, facilitation, and coordination of or for environmental initiatives or mandates in areas of chemical, radiological, or hazardous materials.

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Facilities (FAC)

Services in this domain include any and all services required to maintain and operate buildings, paved services, utilities infrastructure, and real property assets and equipment. This could include major facilities support such as Department of Defense installations, hospitals, cemeteries, and other federal or industrial real property, but does not include major or primary purpose construction. GSA has included a wide range of services found in facilities contracts because of their historical use to support total facilities solutions.

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Logistics (LOG)

Services on this domain include comprehensive logistics solutions, including planning and designing, implementing, or operating systems or facilities for the movement of supplies, equipment, or people by road, air, water, rail, or pipeline.

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Enterprise Solutions

This domain is focused on requirements that are large-dollar, wide-reaching, and highly complex in scope, often spanning multiple disciplines and/or locations, and requiring many different types of labor and expertise. It is for the procurement of highly technical, new and emerging and/or specialized mission objectives that require special management attention, and oversight because of:

• the importance to the agency mission;
• the high-level development, operating, or maintenance costs;
• the high risk;
• the high return; or
• their significant role in the administration of agency-wide programs, systems, finances, property, or other resources.

This domain also includes non-IT services in support of national security systems in accordance with 40 USC § 11103(a). By design, this domain shares overlapping NAICS with other domains within OASIS+.

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Scope for Information Technology & Non-Information Technology

What’s in scope / out of scope.

Information Technology (IT), by definition, means any equipment, or interconnected system(s) or subsystem(s) of equipment that is used for the automatic acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the agency. For purposes of this definition, if the equipment is used by the agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the agency that requires its use, or to a significant extent, its use in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product.

IT is considered an ancillary support service or product on the Domains, and may be performed only when the service or product is integral and necessary to complete a total integrated solution. “Non-IT” includes any service or equipment that is acquired by a Contractor incidental to a contract or contains embedded IT that is used as an integral part of the service or product, but the principal function of which is not the acquisition, storage, analysis, evaluation, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information. (For example, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning equipment, such as thermostats or temperature control devices, and medical equipment where IT is integral to its operation, is non-IT).

Non-IT also includes any equipment or services related to a National Security System in accordance with 40 USC § 11103 (a) . The term “National Security System” means a telecommunications or information system operated by the Federal Government, the function, operation, or use of which involves intelligence activities, cryptologic activities related to national security, command and control of military forces, equipment that is an integral part of a weapon or weapons system; or, is critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions, not including a system to be used for routine administrative and business applications (including payroll, finance, logistics, and personnel management applications).

Non-IT may include embedded IT components including software, IT hardware, and other items and services traditionally considered IT on IT requirements.

Non-IT professional services are not considered ancillary support services. Non-IT professional services are considered to be within the primary scope of the Domains.

Labor categories

OASIS+ labor categories align to the Office of Management and Budget’s Standard Occupational Classification Manual 2018 , which includes compensation data maintained by the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Federal agencies use the Standard Occupational Classification system, a federal statistical standard, to classify workers into occupational categories for the purpose of collecting, calculating, or disseminating data.

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