ignou m.com assignment 2023 24

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IGNOU Solved Assignment 2024: Download PDF

Saumya Tewari ,

Mar 24, 2024 | IGNOU

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IGNOU solved assignments 2024 are available online on the official website. Get all the details about solved assignments for various courses, and step by step procedure to download.

IGNOU Solved Assignment 2024: Download PDF

IGNOU solved assignments 2024 are available for candidates to help students complete their assignments on time along with their solutions. These assignments will be helpful for all the students who have to submit their assignments to the IGNOU study center to attend their upcoming TEE Examination.

Continue reading this article to get detailed information and download IGNOU Solved Assignment for various programs.

Table of Contents

IGNOU Solved Assignment Bachelor’s Degree 2024

Ignou solved assignment master’s degree 2024, ignou solved assignment p.g. diploma programs 2024, ignou solved assignment diploma programs 2024, ignou solved assignment certificate programs 2024, steps to download ignou solved assignment 2024.

Candidates planning to appear at IGNOU can check the list of IGNOU Solved Assignment for Bachelor’s Degree 2024, given below.


BDP/B.A.
BSWG
BLIS
B.Ed (Revised)
B.Com (A&F) / B.Com (CA & A ) / B.Com (F & CA)
B.Sc. English
B.Com(G) CBCS
B.Sc(G) CBCS
CBCS B.A. and BSCANH- (July 2023-January 2024)
B.COM	To be released
B.Sc. Hindi	To be released
B.Sc. Biochemistry (Honors)	To be released
CBCS B. A. and BSCANH	To be released
CBCS B. A. and BSCANH	To be released

Candidates planning to appear at IGNOU can check the list of IGNOU Solved Assignment for Master’s Degree 2024.


MA in Anthropology(MAAN)
M.Sc (DFSM)
M.Com ( BP & CG)
M.Com ( MA & FS)
M.COM
MCA_NEW
MADE
M.A.(Sociology)/MSO
M.A.(Economics)/MEC
M.A.(Public Administration)/MPA
MA(GD)
M.A.(Psychology)/MAPC
M.A.(Philosophy)/MAPY
M.A.(Pol. Science)
M.A.(History)/MAH
MA(RD)
M.Sc.(CFT)	To be released
M.Ed	To be released
MA (Education) MAEDU (ET Specialisation)	To be released

Candidates planning to appear at IGNOU can check the list of IGNOU Solved Assignment for P.G. Diploma Programs 2024 given below.


PGDIBO English
PGDIBO Hindi
PGDINDS
PGDRD
PGDAPP	To be released
PGDLAN	To be released
PGDGM	To be released
PGDMCH	To be released
PGDSS	To be released

Also Read: Top IGNOU Affiliated Colleges

Candidates planning to appear at IGNOU can check the list of IGNOU Solved Assignment for Diploma Programs 2024 shared below.


DBPOFA
DEVMT
DWED
DECE
DCE
DNHE
BNS-011 and BNS-012	To be released
DMT English \|\| Hindi	To be released
DNA BNS-013 and BNS-014	To be released
DSCDM	To be released
DIR	To be released
DDT English	To be released
DVAPFV English	To be released
DTS English	To be released

Candidates planning to appear at IGNOU can check the list of IGNOU Solved Assignment for Certificate Programs 2024 given below.


CHCWM
CAPMER (July 2023-January 2024)
CFN
CFE (July 2023-January 2024)
CES English (July 2023-January 2024)
CDM English 2024
CVG July 2023-January 2024
CFL
CAFE/DAFE English	To be released
CSWM Hindi	To be released
CAL (Distance Mode)	To be released
CCOMO	To be released
CCDP	To be released

Follow the steps as under to download the solved assignment 2024 from the official website:

Step 1: Visit the official website of IGNOU.

Step 2: Click on the tab “Student Support”.

Step 3: Select “Student Zone” from the drop-down menu.

Step 4: Scroll down and now click on the “Assignments (Programme Wise)”.

Step 5: Click on the program for which you want the IGNOU Solved Assignment.

Step 6: Now, click on the name of your course.

Step 7: Download the IGNOU Solved Assignment and take the printout for further preparation.

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IGNOU MCom Assignment 2023-24

Post author: IGNOU ASSIGNMENT WALA
Post published: June 28, 2024
Post category: Updates
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IGNOU Mcom assignment 2023-24 || IGNOU Assignment 2023-24

Indira Gandhi national open university has uploaded new Mcom assignment questions of the 2020-21 session Students can download the latest IGNOU Mcom assignment questions of 2023-24 .

our purpose to make an article for students. Students should submit their complete assignments before the upcoming term and end exam of ignou.

Students need to submit their IGNOU Assignments in July 2023 & January 2024 before the due date of TEE conducted by IGNOU. Students should submit each subject assignment to their study center.

Important Details

Programme Name: Master of Commerce

Programme Code: M.Com

Session: July 2023 & January 2024

Medium: English & hindi

format Soft copy

Last date submission July 2023 – 30 th March 2024,

January 2024 – 30th September 2024

Read more: IGNOU ASSIGNMENT 2020-21 – IGNOU Assignment Wala

Read more: IGNOU – The People’s University

IGNOU Mcom assignment 2023-24

We are proving a direct link to assignment questions. Students can download ignou mcom assignments questions 2023-24 session.

Subject	English	hindi
IBO
MCO

All those Students who had completely solved their IGNOU MCom Assignments 2020-21 can submit their IGNOU Assignments to the coordinator of your nearest IGNOU Study Centre that has been allotted to you during the time of IGNOU Admission.

Once the assignments have been submitted to the IGNOU Centres, it was then dispatched to the evaluation department. From there the evaluation of IGNOU Assignment Solutions takes place.

Please Note- Students need to submit their Assignments July 2024 & January 2025 before the due date of TEE conducted by IGNOU.

Discuss the school based remedial programs for children.

What is IGNOU podcast ?

Explain the concept of sacrifice with reference to Nuer society.

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IGNOU CBCS BAG SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2023-2024
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IGNOU CBCS BSC(G) SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2022-2023
IGNOU BA Hindi (BAHDH) SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
IGNOU B.A English SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
IGNOU B.A Sociology SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
IGNOU B.A History SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
IGNOU B.A Psychology SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
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IGNOU M.A Public Administration SOLVED ASSIGNMENT
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IGNOU Free Solved Assignment 2023-24

Get ignou solved assignments reference material – best quality 2023 | 2024 in english, hindi medium.

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We Provide You FREE IGNOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2023-24 tips for Session July 2023 January 2024 Session Reference Material. The last date for submission of Assignments for January 2023 Term-end-Examination.

This assignment Session is valid from June 2023 to December 2023. If you have failed this assignment or failed to submit it by 2023-24, then you need to get the assignment for the year 2023-24 and submit it as per the instructions given in the Programme Guide. Please select your subjects

Important link:- IGNOU Assignment Front Page/Cover Page Free Download

Select your Subject /Programme Code


	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) History (BAHIH)	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science (BAPSH)
Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Psychology (BAPCH)	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Public Administration (BAPAH)	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Sociology (BASOH)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) Anthropology (BACANH)	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) English (BAEGH)	Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Hindi (BAHDH)




	Download BA Social Work Assignment	Download BA Certificate in Teaching of English CTE(BDP)




		Download MA Social Work Assignment
	Master of Arts (Philosophy)	Master of Arts (Anthropology) (MAAN)


Download MCA Revised 1st Sem Assignment	Download MCA Revised 2nd Sem Assignment	Download MCA Revised 3rd Sem Assignment
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Download DNHE Assignment	Download PGDIBO Assignment
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Visit this link of IGNOU Official Website for Assignment Status – https://admission.ignou.ac.in/changeadmdata/StatusAssignment.ASP .

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IGNOU MCOM Solved Assignments 2023-24

Table of Contents

IGNOU M.Com Solved Assignments 2023-24 are the important components of Master of Commerce programme offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open university. The programme code is ‘MCOM’. Students have to submit the tutor marked assignments for all the required courses worth 72 credits.

Related Post: IGNOU M.Com Question Paper IGNOU MCOM Syllabus IGNOU MCOM Admission

Each student pursing this master degree programme has to submit the solved assignments for all the required courses to appear in the upcoming theory examination. Otherwise, they will not be allowed to fill up examination form and appear in the upcoming examination.

The assignment solutions provided by various websites online are just for reference. So, the students should try to solve the assignments by their own to secure good marks.

Note: Students can contact on WhatsApp at 7428482160 or send email at [email protected] for all the required IGNOU MCOM solved assignments 2023-24 in case if they are unable to solve it by themselves.

The Solved IGNOU assignments of M.Com 2023-24 are available for the following courses:

OLD Syllabus

Ignou m.com 1st year solved assignments.

IBO-1: International Business Environment
IBO-2: International Marketing Management
IBO-3: India’s Foreign Trade
IBO-4: Export Import Procedures and Documentation
IBO-5: International Marketing Logistics
IBO-6: International Business Finance

IGNOU M.Com 2nd Year Solved Assignments

MCO-1: Organisation Theory and Behaviour
MCO-03: Research Methodology and Statistical Analysis
MCO-04: Business Environment
MCO-05: Accounting for Managerial Decisions
MCO-06: Marketing Management
MCO-07: Financial Management

The students have to study and pass out total of 12 courses in first and second year to be eligible for obtaining Master Degree in Commerce.

New Syllabus

Here, is the list of courses for which the students have to complete solved assignments of MCOM programme (New Syllabus).


IGNOU M.Com 1st Semester Solved assignments

MCO-1	Organization Theory and Behavior	6
MCO-4	Business Environment	6
MCO-5	Accounting for Managerial Decisions	6
MCO-21	Managerial Economics	4
IGNOU M.Com 2nd Semester Solved assignments
MCO-6	Marketing Management	6
MCO-22	Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications	4
MCO-23	Strategic Management	4
MCO-24	Business Ethics and CSR	4
IGNOU M.Com 3rd Semester Solved assignments

Third Semester (Core /Specialization Course)
MCO-03	Research Methodology and Statistical Analysis	6
MCO-07	Financial Management	6
IBO-2	International Marketing Management	6
MCO-15	India’s Foreign Trade and Investment	4
IGNOU MCOM Fourth Semester Solved Assignments
IBO-01	International Business Environment	6
IBO-06	International Business Finance	6
MCOP-001	Project	6

Each of the course has theory as well as assignment component. Students have to obtain passing marks in both theory as well as assignments to complete each of the courses.

For any M.Com course, the 70% marks are constituted by examinations and 30% marks are added from assignments. Therefore, it becomes really important for students to make neat, clean and correct assignments for all the required courses. The assignments have to submitted to the study centre concerned.

IGNOU M.Com Assignment 2023-24

To make IGNOU M.Com Solved Assignments 2023-24, the students receives the assignment question booklet from Indira Gandhi National Open University along with study material. Otherwise, they can also download it from the university official website at www.ignou.ac.in.

Click here to download

Contact us for any help related to IGNOU M.Com Study Material, IGNOU solved assignments , Previous year Solved Question Papers, etc. The support person will assist you in all your legitimate needs related to your studies.

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IGNOU MCO-24 Assignment Question Paper Free Download (2023-24)

Valid for july 2023 and january 2024 sessions, if you want to download mco-24: business ethics and csr assignment question paper for 2023-24 sessions, you have come to the right place. please click on the image or button below to download the question paper. if you are looking for free solved assignment reference material for this subject, you may download that using the button below as well. this content is donated by gyaniversity publications and is verified by professors. it is plagiarism-free, so you can be assured to learn well and get the highest marks.

MCO-24: Business Ethics and CSR

IGNOU MCO-24 Assignment Question Paper Free Download (2023-24)

MCO-24 assignment question paper and solved assignment is applicable for 2023-24 sessions in IGNOU. In case you took admission or re-registered in a previous session but did not submit your assignments previously, you must use this latest question paper for submission as the old question papers are no longer valid. If you are looking to pass your exams easily, you can also check out the below guidebook which provides students with the most important questions that are most likely to appear in your final term end exams! Click on the image or button below to learn more about this.

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IGNOU Assignment Guidelines 2023-24

Submitting assignments is a critical aspect of your studies at IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University), and adhering to the correct guidelines is essential to facilitate a hassle-free evaluation process. This article provides a comprehensive guide on the proper procedure for submitting IGNOU assignments specifically tailored to students. Whether you’re a newcomer or an experienced learner, following these IGNOU assignment guidelines will enhance the efficiency of the assignment submission and evaluation process.

For IGNOU Solved Assignments 2023-24

Contact on WhatsApp at 7428482160

Guidelines for Submitting IGNOU Assignments

Preparing the Front Page

The first step in submitting an assignment at IGNOU is to create a well-structured front page. This is the document that introduces your assignment and provides vital information to your instructors. It should contain the following details:

Enrollment Number
Course Title
Assignment Number
Date of Submission/Posting

Ensuring that all these details are accurate and complete is crucial for proper identification and assessment of your work.

Use A4 Size Paper

Ensure that your response is neatly organized on A4 size paper. This standard paper size not only provides ample space for your answers but also aligns with the formatting requirements of IGNOU.

Leave Margins

Leaving a 1-1½ inch margin on the left side of the paper is essential. This space allows instructors to add comments and feedback, ensuring that your assignment is evaluated effectively.

Maintain Adequate Spacing

To enhance readability, leave at least four lines of space between each answer. This practice helps instructors easily distinguish between different sections of your assignment.

Separate Assignments

At IGNOU, each assignment should be submitted separately. This separation streamlines the evaluation process and ensures that each assignment receives the attention it deserves.

Handwriting Matters

It’s crucial to write your assignments in your own handwriting. This practice not only showcases your personal commitment but also helps distinguish your work from others’.

Use Your Own Words

When answering questions, always use your own words. Avoid copying directly from the course materials or other sources. Being precise in your responses is key to conveying your understanding effectively.

Say No to Copying

Plagiarism is a serious offense in academics. Never copy from another student, as it can lead to returned assignments or reduced marks. Maintain the integrity of your work.

Add Your Signature

A personal touch to your assignment is adding your signature at the end. This serves as confirmation that the work is your own and authenticates your submission.

Keep a Copy

Always retain a copy of your assignment for your records. This precautionary measure ensures that you have a backup in case the original gets misplaced.

Acknowledgment Form

Ensure that you attach the acknowledgment form provided by IGNOU along with your assignment. This is a critical document that signifies the submission of your assignment.

Adhere to Submission Dates

Respect the submission date indicated in your IGNOU assignment. Late submissions might not be accepted, and it could adversely affect your grades.

Collect Evaluated Assignments

In case you do not receive your evaluated assignment within a month of submission, make arrangements to collect it personally from the IGNOU study center. This step ensures that you can review the feedback provided by your instructor.

Change in Program Study Center

If you have requested a change in the program study center at IGNOU, continue submitting your assignment to your original center until the change is officially processed.

Properly submitting assignments is a fundamental aspect of your studies at IGNOU. These IGNOU assignment guidelines 2023-24 are designed to streamline the submission process, making it efficient for both students and instructors. By following these steps, you can ensure that your assignments are evaluated accurately and that you receive the credit you deserve for your hard work and dedication in your IGNOU courses.

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IgnouStudentZone

The person behind IGNOU student Zone is blogger by passion. Hi qualifications include B.E. Computers, MBA in Marketing, Google Certified in Digital Marketing.

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IGNOU Solved Assignment Download pdf 2024-25
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IGNOU MAHV SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2023-24 NEW

IGNOU MAHV Solved Assignment 2023-24:- If you want to find the best quality IGNOU MAHV Solved Assignment | MA Hindi Vyavsayik lekhan (2021-2022/2022-2023/2023-2024/2024-25) and want to buy them at reasonable prices, then you have come to the right place. we provide Handwritten Hard Copy , Computer typed PDF (Soft Copy) & Handwritten Scan PDF (Soft Copy) at low price. We prepare all the assignments as per the guidelines of IGNOU University. If you want Hard copy , then we have the best writers. We have 95+ writers and we have successfully delivered 99680+ hard copies . We will solve your IGNOU assignment related all problems. Contact us – 8882181492

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How to submit IGNOU Assignment?

Before writing the assignment, the candidate should carefully read all the guidelines of the university and then fill all the details on the front page.

Enrollment Number
Name of the candidate
Mobile Number
Study center
Program code
Course code
Course Title
Assignment Number

Then the candidate should submit the assignment by going to the study center and do not forget to take the receipt for submitting the assignment.

How can we get Good marks in IGNOU Assignment?

If you want to get good marks in IGNOU assignment then follow some of our tips.:-

First of all, you should download the question paper from the official website or collect it from the study center and read it.
After this, you should use Foolscap size paper or A4 size paper in the assignment and must read all the guidelines of the university.
Blue and black pen should be used in the assignment.
The assignment should not be copied from anywhere, read the study material, then make the assignment yourself.
While writing the assignment, keep in mind that your assignment should have relevant content.
Organize your assignment in a logical and structured manner. Use headings, subheadings, and bullet points to make your assignment easy to read and understand.
IGNOU is strict about the assignment submission date, if you want to avoid assignment rejection or late fee, you must submit the assignment before the due date.

How IGNOU Assignment expired?

You can submit IGNOU assignments before the last date. IGNOU assignments expire after the due date. If you want to avoid late fee or assignment rejection, you must submit the assignment before the last date. If students fail to submit assignments before the last date then they are not eligible to appear in term end examinations. The last date to submit the assignment is mentioned on the question paper which you will get on the assignment ignou website. If you want to avoid such trouble then you should submit the assignment before the due date.

How to send IGNOU Assignment by POST?

Do you want to send IGNOU assignment by post then I will tell you, you can send IGNOU assignment by post.

Read the instructions given below carefully :-

First of all candidate should download question paper from the official website or collect from study center now read these question paper properly.
Now you have to write the assignment in your own writing with blue and black pen.
While writing the assignment, keep in mind that you are following all the guidelines and paying special attention to the word limit.
Now you have to put front page in all assignments: In this front page you have to write all your details like name, enrollment number, subject code, course code, mobile number study center and your signature with the date of submission etc.
Put all assignments in an envelope and post it at the address of your Regional Center.
Keep a copy of your assignment with you for future reference.
Pay attention to the due date before sending the assignment You should send the assignment before the due date. so that the assignment is not rejected.

It is mandatory to put front page in IGNOU assignment because it is a document which contains all the information of the candidate. All the details should be written carefully in the front page like course code and title, assignment code, personal details such as name, enrollment number, and address, date of submission, study center, and your signature with the date of submission etc. If you want to avoid assignment rejection then you should not make any mistake in front page. Front page should be written in good and clear writing.

How IGNOU Assignment marks are calculated?

The calculation of marks for IGNOU assignments depends on several factors such as the quality of the material, relevance of the answers and following all the instructions. Generally, IGNOU Assignments carry 30% weightage in the final result of a course. For instance, if a course has 100 marks, then the assignments carry 30 marks, and the remaining 70 marks are for the term-end examination. Each assignment question carries different marks, adding the marks of all the questions becomes 100. The evaluator marks each question after checking the quality and content of the answers given by the students. Then the marks of the assignments are added to the marks of the term and examination to make the final result.

Important Date:-

Assignment Submission Date for Candidates:-

For enrolled in July 2024 – 30th April 2025

For enrolled in January 2025 – 31st October 2025

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IGNOU MEG 18 American Poetry Solved Assignment 2023-2024

IGNOU MEG 18 American Poetry Solved Assignment 2023-24 | MA ENGLISH Assignment

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Attempt any five questions.

All questions carry equal marks.

Q1. Enumerate on the Revolutionary War and Treaty of Paris and their impact on American poetry

By 1700, the northern part of America witnessed about 250,000 European and African settlers in 13 English-based colonies. On the eve of the Revolution, in 1775, a number of approximately 2.5 million settlers were surveyed. Although they did not share much in common, given their cultural, linguistic, culinary and social differences, they successfully united themselves as one to fight for their independence. Sparked after American colonists antagonised over issues like taxation without representation, epitomised by laws like The Stamp Act and The Townshend Acts, the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was declared. On April 19, 1775, when the “shot heard round the world” was fired during the Battles of Lexington and Concord , there were rising tensions and chaos. It was not without warning; the Boston Massacre on March 5, 1770 and the Boston Tea Party on December 16, 1773 showed the colonists’ increasing dissatisfaction with British rule in the colonies.

Issued on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence listed the various reasons, the Founding Fathers felt obliged to break and depart from the rule of King George III and parliament to start a new nation. In September of that same year, the Continental Congress declared the “United Colonies” of America to be the “United States of America.” In 1778, France allied with the colonists assisting the Continental Army conquered the British at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781. The Treaty of Paris put an end to the American Revolution and granting the 13 original colonies independence was signed on September 3, 1783.

William Carlos Williams stated that “it is very easy to talk about American poetry because there isn’t any such thing” (qtd. in Dolan, 31).

Habited mostly by European immigrants, the New World saw its poetic emergence. While poetry written and produced by the Native Americans were mostly seen as ‘indigenous’ in nature to the white American settlers and in their constructed mainstream, they believed that the “land of the Native Indians betrays every attribute of the concept of ‘America’”. In reality, the concept and birth of ‘America’ as a new country was founded on the displacement and killing of the indigenous natives - the real Americans. Nevertheless, their oral customs and traditions which include hymns, songs, myths, legends, tales and war chants did not have only much influence but rather integrated the American writings unlike the popular beliefs. Furthermore, their “pantheistic inflections were expressed through haiku-style imagery ona wide-ranging plethora of themes (Early American and Colonial Period)” (Kalra 1).

In spite of the heavy influence and inclusion of the native poetic lyric on “what is considered to be conventional” (Kalra 1) ‘American’ poetry realm, the native lyric “is placed outside the realm of American poetry” (Kalra 1). The post factum imperial impacts of the British culture and cultural norms offered America the means to define its personalised cultural identity and existence. America redefined and established itself primarily through its politics, literature, music, cuisine and soon, all spawning from, or in opposition to their respective colonial origins. Subsequently, Siddhant Kalra writes, an “‘America’ is the embodiment of this process of mitosis and of the republican values espoused by the founding fathers of the American republic”

William Stanley Merwin rightly stated that: I certainly do not think of the tradition of American poetry as simply a homogenized addition to the English tradition. I feel that we are lucky to inherit it with a particular closeness, but that we also inherit the whole tradition of poetry in the language. I don’t think there is much to be gained by self conscious efforts to write some kind of genuine American poetry. If American poets write poems they will be that” (qtd in Kalra 1)

He effortlessly commented on the non-homogeneity of the American poetryIn New England, however, the intensity of Calvinist piety prompted a number of well-read Puritans to write poetry. Puritan theological ideologies and the restrictive lifestyle were no encouraging force between poetry writing and production. While, the Puritans willingly yielded to the effectiveness and versality of history of the kind Bradford wrote of sermons and rhetorical stratagems of the sort Winthrop favoured, they were often less enthusiastic about poetry. “

Be not so set upon poetry, as to be always poring on the passionate and measure pages,” the New England cleric Cotton Mather warned to “beware of a boundless and sickly appetite for the reading of ... poems ... and let not the Circean cup intoxicate you” (Gray 8). Of the verse that survives from this period, however, most of the finest and most popular among contemporaries inclines to the theological. The most popular is represented by The Day of Doom (1962), a resounding epic about Judgment Day written by Michael Wigglesworth (1631–1705), The Bay Psalm Book (1640), and The New England Primer (1683?). The Bay Psalm Book which is the translated biblical texts into a plain style band was brought out in 1640, was the first book printed in English in the New World. It was the first book of verse printed in the British American colonies; They did not strive for a more poetic translation because “God’s altar needs not our polishings.” The Day of Doom (1962) was the bestseller poem in colonial America.

In 224 stanzas in ballad meter, Wigglesworth presents the prime Puritan beliefs, mostly through a debate between sinners and Christ. A effortless diction, driving rhythms, and unvarying insignificant references to biblical sources are all part of Wigglesworth’s didactic purpose. This is poetry intended to drive home its message, to convert some and to reinstate the religious fervor of others. Many Puritan readers committed portions of the poem to memory; still more read it aloud to 8 The Colonial and Revolutionary Periods their families.

The absolute simplicity and fervor of its message made it a perfect instrument for communicating and confirming faith. So it is, perhaps, hardly unexpected that Cotton Mather could put aside his distrust of poetry when it came to a work like The Day of Doom (1962). At Wigglesworth’s death, in fact, Mather confessed his high regard for the poet: who, Mather said, had written for “the Edification of such Readers, as are for Truth’s dressed up in Plaine Meeter” (Gray 9). Nevertheless, The Bay Psalm Book (1640) and The New England Primer (1683) gained more popularity than The Day of Doom; after the Bible which was the most widely owned and read book in Colonial America. The Bay Psalm Book was the first project of the Massachusetts Bay Colony provided the psalms of David translated into “idiomatic English” and adapted to the basic “hymn stanza form” of four lines with eight beats in each line and regular rhymes (Gray 9).

Produced by twelve “New England divines”, it was a collaborative compilation. Among the contributors, was John Cotton who concisely explained in the Preface what they really had in mind was. He stated that: “Conscience rather than Elegance, fidelity rather than poetry.” “We have ... done our endeavour to make a plain and familiar translation” (qtd. in Gray 9). Cotton continued, “if therefore the verses are not always so smoothe and elegant as some may desire ..., let them consider that God’s 17 Contextualizing American Poetry: Colonial Period Altar need not our polishings” (qtd. in Gray 9). Cotton insisted that, what was required was, “a plain translation” (Ibid). Intended to be sung in the church and at home, the psalms were dutifully used in both. The Bay Psalm Book was purposefully used to popularize and promote faith which it did. Printed in England and Scotland and the colonies; it underwent through more than 50 editions over the century, post its first appearance. It perfectly illustrated the Puritan belief in an “indelible, divinely ordained connection between the mundane and the miraculous”, the language and habits of everyday and the apprehension of eternity (Ibid). Additionally, it enabled a huge number of people, as Cotton put it, to “sing the Lord’s songs ... in our English tongue” (Ibid).

Q2. Write short notes on:

a) American Spirit

The American spirit is a multifaceted concept, a constellation of ideals, values, and experiences that shape the national identity of the United States. It's a flame that has flickered and roared throughout history, fueled by a complex mix of rebellion, resilience, optimism, and the pursuit of a more perfect union. This essay delves into the essence of the American spirit, exploring its historical roots, its evolving expressions, and its enduring significance in the 21st century.

The Birth of a Nation: Seeds of the American Spirit

The American spirit can be traced back to the colonial era, where a spirit of dissent and yearning for self-determination took root. European colonists, yearning for religious freedom and political autonomy from the British crown, embarked on a perilous journey across the Atlantic. This act of defiance laid the groundwork for a nation built on the principles of self-governance and individual liberty. The colonists' struggle for independence, culminating in the American Revolution, served as a crucible that forged a unique national identity. Documents like the Declaration of Independence, penned by Thomas Jefferson, enshrined the ideals of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as fundamental rights. This revolutionary zeal, a belief in the power of the people to shape their own destiny, became a cornerstone of the American spirit.

The spirit of exploration and the vastness of the American frontier further fueled a pioneering spirit. The westward expansion of the 19th century saw a wave of settlers push across the continent, driven by a belief in Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States was destined to spread its ideals and reach from coast to coast. This period witnessed incredible feats of resilience and ingenuity as pioneers braved harsh landscapes and built new communities. The spirit of the cowboy, self-reliant and fiercely independent, became an enduring symbol of this era.

However, westward expansion came at a heavy cost. The displacement and decimation of Native American populations casts a dark shadow on this period. Recognizing these injustices and confronting the complexities of American history is crucial to understanding the evolution of the American spirit.

The United States has always been a nation of immigrants, a place where people from all corners of the globe have sought a better life. Immigration waves throughout history have brought new cultural influences, enriching the American tapestry but also sparking tensions. The ideal of the "melting pot," where diverse backgrounds blend into a unified American identity, has been central to the national narrative.

However, the reality of assimilation has been more nuanced. Many immigrant groups have maintained their cultural traditions while also embracing aspects of American life. The American Dream, the idea that with hard work and determination anyone can achieve success, has served as a powerful magnet, drawing immigrants and instilling a spirit of optimism and upward mobility.

The 20th Century: Challenges and Resilience

The 20th century saw the American spirit tested by world wars, economic depression, and social unrest. The nation emerged victorious from both World Wars, projecting itself as a global leader and champion of democracy. However, these conflicts also exposed the dangers of isolationism and the need for international cooperation. The Great Depression of the 1930s brought unprecedented economic hardship, but also ignited a spirit of resilience and the rise of social safety nets. The Civil Rights movement, a long struggle for racial equality, challenged deeply entrenched injustices and exemplified the pursuit of a more perfect union.

The 21st century presents new challenges and opportunities for the American spirit. Globalization, technological advancements, and rising economic inequality raise questions about the meaning of opportunity and the future of the American Dream. Issues like climate change and political polarization demand a spirit of compromise and collective responsibility.

However, the core principles of the American spirit - liberty, democracy, and the pursuit of a better life - remain relevant. The ongoing fight for social justice, the entrepreneurial spirit of startups, and the dedication to scientific progress all demonstrate a continued commitment to those ideals.

The American spirit is not a static concept. It's a dynamic narrative constantly being redefined through ongoing social movements and evolving social values. Recognizing the complexities of American history, including the legacies of slavery and oppression, is crucial for forging a more inclusive and equitable future. A new generation is redefining the American spirit by emphasizing inclusivity, environmental consciousness, and social justice.

b) Puritan Spirit

The Puritan spirit, a distinct thread woven into the fabric of American identity, stands as a testament to a deeply held commitment to religious faith, moral rectitude, and social order. Rising in 16th-century England, Puritanism sought to "purify" the Church of England, stripping away practices deemed too Catholic.

Seeds of Dissent

The roots of the Puritan spirit lie in the Protestant Reformation that swept across Europe in the 16th century. Puritans, dissatisfied with what they saw as the Church of England's incomplete break from Catholicism, advocated for a simpler, more austere form of worship. They believed in predestination, the idea that God had predetermined who would be saved, and emphasized personal piety and a strict moral code. This focus on individual accountability and a direct relationship with God became a hallmark of the Puritan spirit.

Facing Persecution

Facing persecution for their beliefs under Queen Elizabeth I, many Puritans fled England seeking religious freedom. This act of defiance, a core element of the American spirit as a whole, was particularly pronounced for the Puritans. In 1620, a group now known as the Pilgrims set sail for the New World aboard the Mayflower, establishing the Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. This act of seeking refuge and forging a new society based on their beliefs solidified the connection between the Puritan spirit and the American identity.

Building a City Upon a Hill

The Puritans envisioned their settlements as "a city upon a hill," a shining example of a godly society for the world to follow. They established strict moral codes, enforced church attendance, and limited leisure activities. Their emphasis on literacy led to the founding of schools and a high level of education for the time. This dedication to education and order became a lasting contribution of the Puritan spirit.

Work Ethic and the Virtues of Thrift

The Puritan work ethic, a cornerstone of American economic life, finds its roots in their beliefs. Hard work was seen not only as a path to prosperity but also as a sign of God's favor. Frugality and the avoidance of idleness were central tenets. This emphasis on hard work and self-reliance continues to shape American values today.

The Duality of the Puritan Spirit: Order and Repression

While the Puritan spirit fostered a sense of community and social order, it also carried a darker side. Their strict moral codes and intolerance for dissent led to the suppression of alternative viewpoints and the persecution of those deemed outside the norm. The Salem witch trials, a horrific episode in American history, stand as a stark reminder of the dangers of unchecked religious fervor.

The influence of the Puritan spirit extended beyond the confines of their settlements. Their emphasis on education and literacy laid the groundwork for a well-educated citizenry. Their commitment to self-government and participation in civic life contributed to the development of American democracy. However, their social rigidity and intolerance also cast a long shadow, contributing to a strain of moral conservatism in American life.

The Enduring Puritan Legacy

The Puritan spirit's legacy is complex and multifaceted. It instilled a sense of duty, hard work, and moral responsibility that has shaped American society. Their commitment to education and self-government continues to be valued. However, their intolerance and repression serve as a cautionary tale. A nuanced understanding of the Puritan spirit is necessary to appreciate its contributions and recognize its limitations. The American spirit has evolved far beyond the narrow confines of Puritanism. Subsequent waves of immigration, religious pluralism, and social movements have broadened the national identity. Yet, the core values of hard work, self-reliance, and the pursuit of a better life still resonate with the Puritan spirit.

The American spirit is a rich tapestry woven from diverse threads. The Puritan spirit, with its emphasis on order, morality, and education, remains a significant strand. Recognizing its contributions and shortcomings allows us to create a more inclusive and just future, one that builds upon the best of American traditions while confronting the shadows of the past.

Q3. Philip Freneau’s poem, “The Wild Honey Suckle” is a political document engaging American national landscape – discuss.

American poetry is likely a sort of art or craft, which is an act of selfexpression. There is often something deeply personal connected to weaving words, metaphors, rhyming patterns and imagery to the sense as it fills us with emotions and feelings. Every poem is replete with its own emotions. The poetry of Philip Freneau makes the readers enter in the world of love, freedom, democracy and nationhood. It gives pleasure to our senses because it has the power to evoke emotions and feelings if it is read out loud. These emotions and feelings help establish a certain atmosphere or mood. The writer of the poem creates the mood using many elements such as setting, tone and theme.

Freneau was born on 2 January 1752 in New York City, the oldest of the five children of Huguenot wine merchant Pierre Freneau and his Scottish wife. Philip was raised in Matawan, New Jersey. He attended the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), where he studied under William Tennent, Jr.Freneau’s close friend at Princeton was James Madison, a relationship that would later contribute to his establishment as the editor of the National Gazette.

Freneau family tradition suggests that Madison became acquainted with and fell in love with the poet’s sister, Mary, during visits to their home while he was studying at Princeton. While tradition has it that Mary rejected Madison’s repeated marriage proposals, this anecdote is undocumented and unsupported by other evidence. Freneau graduated from Princeton in 1771, having already written the poetical History of the Prophet Jonah, and, with Hugh Henry Brackenridge, the prose satire Father Bombo’s Pilgrimage to Mecca. After his graduation, he began teaching, but suddenly gave it up. He also pursued a further study of theology, but gave this up as well after about two years. As the Revolutionary War approached in 1775, Freneau wrote many anti-British pieces.

However, by 1776, Freneau left America for the West Indies, where he would spend time writing about the beauty of nature. In 1778, Freneau returned to America, and rejoined the patriotic cause. Freneau eventually became a crew member on a revolutionary privateer, and was captured in this capacity. He was held on a British prison ship for about six weeks. This unpleasant experience (in which he almost died), detailed in his work The British Prison Ship, would precipitate many more patriotic and anti-British writings throughout the revolution and after. For this, he was named “The Poet of the American Revolution”.

In 1790 Freneau married Eleanor Forman, and became an assistant editor of the New York Daily Advertiser. Soon after, Madison and Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson worked to get Freneau to move to Philadelphia in order to edit a partisan newspaper that would counter the Federalist newspaper The Gazette of the United States. Jefferson was criticized for hiring Freneau as a translator in the State Department, even though he spoke no foreign languages except French, in which Jefferson was already fluent.

Freneau accepted this undemanding position, which left free time to head the Democratic-Republican newspaper Jefferson and Madison envisioned. This partisan newspaper, The National Gazette, provided a vehicle for Jefferson, Madison, and others to promote criticism of the rival Federalists The Gazette took particular aim at the policies promoted by Alexander Hamilton, and like other papers of the day, would not hesitate to shade into personal attacks, including President George Washington during his second term. Owing to The Gazette’s frequent attacks on his administration and himself, Washington took a dislike to Freneau. Retiring to a more rural life and Freneau later wrote a mix of political and nature works. He died at 80 years of age, frozen to death on 18 December 1832 while returning to his home, and was buried in what became the Philip Morin Freneau Cemetery on Poet’s Drive in Matawan, New Jersey where is wife and mother were also buried

The non-political works of Freneau combined neoclassicism and romanticism. Although he is not as generally well known as Ralph Waldo Emerson or James Fenimore Cooper, Freneau introduced many themes and images for which later authors became famous.

For example, Freneau’s poem “The House of Night”, one of the first romantic poems written and published in America, included the Gothic elements and dark imagery that were later seen in the poetry by Edgar Allan Poe. Freneau’s nature poem, “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786), was considered an early seed to the later Transcendentalist movement taken up by William Cullen Bryant, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau. Romantic primitivism was also anticipated by Freneau’s poems “The Indian Burying Ground” and “Noble Savage.”

“The Wild Honey Suckle” was first published in 1786, it refers to an American native shrub. This is a metaphorical poem that environs America, which is 85 Philip Freneau’s “The Wild Honey Suckle” budding to flower. Here, life is projected as a ‘fair flower’.

The American landscape is taken for discussion. The virginity of America is smelt but ‘untouched thy honied blossoms blow’. America, like a wild honeysuckle is growing her little branches. The poet greets the growth of the nation and tries to fill nationality among the country people by encouraging them all with ‘roving foot’, the mass progress and development. This poem is also a reaction to neoclassicism and an entry into romanticism much before it comes into being in 1820. The poem consists of four six-line stanzas rhyming ababcc. In the second stanza of the poem, America is posited as a woman as well as ‘Nature’ is capitalized and shown as a native shrub, which is clear from the title. Life by that time is depicted as ‘dull retreat’, ‘bloom to doom’,‘blossom to crush’, ‘vulgar eye’- all the phrases of negativism however leave a kind of wildness that need to be rectified. The poetic vision and insight is more positive and inspirational. Nature/ natural ecology is ever roved in this poem as poem is a journey. The poet’s feeling of ‘soft waters murmuring’ is a quiet experience of American flow that provides a new feeling for each one to achieve something new.‘

Thy days declining to repose’, sanctions a new hope and aspiration in the mind of the people that the American Revolution had yielded. In the third stanza, the poet very often sees the fall in the prosperity of America. There is a possibility of losing charm in the likeness of the Americans. Yet the poet tries to fill vacuity of the American mind with positive attitudes. In his farsightedness, whether it is the present or future, as the poet sees the decay, the poet’s tone seems more grievous: ‘I grieve to see your future doom’. The message the poet wants to leave is to grow with the growth of the nation and to grow like the flowers ‘in Eden bloom’ which is the biblical reference in Christian faith.

Freneau further tries to cover a year through different season in this stanza. Decorating human philosophy ‘From morning suns and evening dews/ At first thy little being came;’ what the poet intends to say is about temporariness of human existence. Man is nothing, but only the witness of the changing time. He has nothing to gain or lose in due course of life. There is a timespace continuity in the last stanza. Yet America is budding to flower. Hard days are going away with the achievements for the Americans. For the poet, the present time seems to be more significant to make America prosperous and the American progress is shining slowly as an independent country.

Q4. How does the choice of words in the poem “I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed” help to illustrate the idea of drunkenness?

I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Poem summary line by line-What is the metaphor in I taste a liquor never brewed?,Where is the poem I taste a liquor never brewed set?,What is the key quote of I taste a liquor never brewed?,I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed by Emily Dickinson is still a compelling investigation into the transforming potential of nature and the ultimate happiness that comes from a close relationship with the natural world. The poem, which is written in Dickinson’s distinctive style, combines figurative language, rich imagery, and a celebration of the extraordinary found in the everyday.

Dickinson asks readers to embark on a voyage of spiritual and sensory intoxication with her in this poem. The imagined beverage turns into a symbol for the unmatched concoction made from materials found in nature, which surpasses the bounds of traditional pleasures. The speaker embraces an infinite communion with air, dew, and unending summer days as they reject the ordinary.I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Poem summary line by line

I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Summary

“I taste a liquor never brewed” – The poem opens with the speaker expressing the sensation of consuming a unique beverage that has never been concocted.

“From Tankards scooped in Pearl” – The imaginary drink is metaphorically drawn from tankards, or large drinking vessels, scooped from pearls, evoking a sense of rarity and preciousness.

“Not all the vats upon the Rhine” – The speaker asserts that even the numerous wine-producing vats along the Rhine River, known for its vineyards, cannot rival the quality of this exceptional drink.

“Yield such an Alcohol!” – The emotional intoxication experienced by the speaker surpasses the alcoholic content of any conventional beverage, emphasizing the extraordinary nature of this feeling.

“Inebriate of air—am I—” – The source of the speaker’s intoxication is described as the very air, suggesting a spiritual or transcendent connection with nature.

“And Debauchee of Dew—” – The speaker characterizes themselves as one who indulges in the dew, possibly referring to the purity and freshness of nature’s elements.

“Reeling—thro’ endless summer days—” – The speaker experiences a sense of intoxication and euphoria that lasts throughout boundless summer days.

“From inns of molten Blue—” – The summer days are depicted as being housed in inns made of molten or melted blue, creating an image of a celestial and serene atmosphere.

“When “Landlords” turn the drunken Bee Out of the Foxglove’s door—” – Nature is personified as a landlord turning away a drunken bee from the door of a foxglove, possibly symbolizing the exclusion of excess or intrusion into the sanctity of nature.

“When Butterflies—renounce their “drams”—” – Butterflies are portrayed as giving up their small doses or drams, emphasizing the idea of renouncing conventional, limited pleasures.

“I shall but drink the more!” – The speaker expresses a determination to drink even more from this unconventional source, suggesting a limitless and insatiable appetite for the beauty and inspiration found in nature.

“Till Seraphs swing their snowy Hats—” – The poem concludes with an image of celestial beings, seraphs, tipping their hats in acknowledgment or approval, symbolizing the speaker’s communion with the divine through their profound connection with nature.

I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Poem

I taste a liquor never brewed – From Tankards scooped in Pearl – Not all the Frankfort Berries Yield such an Alcohol!

Inebriate of air – am I – And Debauchee of Dew – Reeling – thro’ endless summer days – From inns of molten Blue –

When “Landlords” turn the drunken Bee Out of the Foxglove’s door – When Butterflies – renounce their “drams” – I shall but drink the more!

Till Seraphs swing their snowy Hats – And Saints – to windows run – To see the little Tippler Leaning against the – Sun!

I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed by Emily Dickinson encapsulates the speaker’s enraptured connection with nature, portraying a unique and transcendent experience. Through vivid imagery and metaphorical language, Dickinson crafts a poetic celebration of the profound joy and spiritual intoxication derived from a communion with the natural world.

The poem invites readers to explore the extraordinary through the ordinary, as the speaker finds a sublime elixir in the elements of air, dew, and endless summer days. The rejection of conventional pleasures and the embrace of a boundless connection with nature underscore the speaker’s insatiable appetite for the beauty inherent in the world around them.

As the poem concludes with an image of celestial seraphs acknowledging this communion, it leaves a lingering sense of awe and wonder. “I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed” stands as a testament to Emily Dickinson’s ability to capture the essence of the sublime in the simplicity of nature.What is the metaphor in I taste a liquor never brewed?,Where is the poem I taste a liquor never brewed set?,What is the key quote of I taste a liquor never brewed?,

Q5. Critically appreciate Robert Lowell’s poem, “For the Union Dead”

On March 1, 1917, Robert Lowell was born into one of Boston’s oldest and most prominent families. He attended Harvard College for two years. After that he studied at Kenyon College, where he studied poetry under John Crowe Ransom and received an undergraduate degree in 1940. He took graduate courses at Louisiana State University where he studied with Robert Penn Warren and Cleanth Brooks. His books like, Land of Unlikeness (Harcourt, Brace and Company), was published in1944. His second book Lord Weary’s Castle (Harcourt, Brace Company, 1946),won a Pulitzer Prize in 1947.

Both his books were influenced by his conversion from Episcopalianism to Catholicism and reconnoitred the dark side of America’s Puritan legacy. Under the influence of Allen Tate and the New Critics, he wrote austerely formal poetry that sketched praise for its remarkably commanding handling 277 Robert Lowell’s “For The Union Dead” of meter and rhyme. Lowell was politically involved—he became a diligent protester during the Second World War and was imprisoned as a result, and actively protested against the war in Vietnam. On the other hand his personal life was full of marital and psychological turmoil.

He suffered from severe episodes of manic depression, for which he was repeatedly hospitalized. He suffered from frequent psychological bouts. This had a deepening influence in his poetic career and in the mid-1950 under the influence of younger poets as W. D. Snodgrass and Allen Ginsberg, Lowell began to write more directly from personal experience, and loosened his observance to traditional meter and form. The result was a watershed collection, Life Studies (Faber and Faber, 1959), which incessantly altered the landscape of modern poetry, like Eliot’s The Waste Land. Many critics consider Lowell to be the most important poet in English of the second half of the twentieth century. He continued to develop his work with sometimes uneven results, until his sudden death on September 12, 1977. Robert Lowell served as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets from 1962 until his death.

Summary of For The Union Death

The dramatic opening begins as a private meditation on his childhood memory of the Boston Aquarium. ‘For the Union Dead’ commemorates the sacrifice of Colonel Robert Shaw, a Union officer killed while leading a regiment of black troops during the Civil War. The poet shifts between the historic past and present, and deeply laments the erosion of heroic idealism in contemporary America with the technological intrusion. The poem envisages the legacy of the Civil War, embodied in a memorial to Colonel Robert Shaw, a white soldier who died while commanding an allblack regiment. Colonel Shaw was a twenty-one year old son of a well-todo white man, but had entirely sacrificed himself for the unity of the nation. He symbolized union idealism.

One hundred years after his death, Lowell contrasts Shaw’s heroism with contemporary forms of self-interest and greed in this poem. The title suggests that the Union army, now symbolizing national unity/patriotism, has been dead for the people of America of 1963. The poem is a critique of modern culture in general. The epigraph (letters carved under the statue, written in Latin) of the poem is the inscription on the memorial to Colonel Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment that he commanded. Lowell revised the inscription for the poem in English it means,

“He leaves everything else to serve the republic”. The original inscription is: “Relinquunt Omnia ServareRem Publicam” (or “They relinquish/ sacrifice everything to serve the Republic”). Lowell thus introduces the theme of noble self sacrifice in the poem The poet begins by graphing the Boston memorial from a distance; as he looks at the surrounding, he feels that the place looks like a “Sahara of snow now” - symbolically a place bereft of feelings.

The South Boston Aquarium (a big aquarium was also placed before the statue for decorating it) has been so unkempt that it has wrecked and there are no more fish in it. The weathercock upon the building has lost its scales so that it no longer shows any direction. This is a scathing criticism of the symbolic of the lack of direction in the “progress” of the material American civilization.

In the second stanza, the poet recalls his visit of the aquarium. As he was a child, he rubbed his nose on the glass wall of the aquarium and wished that he could break the bubbles that rose from the mouth of the fishes. The bubbles, symbolize many things including the American dream, values that modern people regard too unreal to be pursued, the heroism of the past. This image of rising bubbles presents the fish as entombed and subservient.

The kingdom of fish is literally heading “dark downwards” as they swim down and away from the aquarium light. To put it differently, this image suggests a sense that the modern American kingdom is getting worse, murkier, and less moral. “For the Union Dead” addresses the manner of American society as it degenerates from the idealism of the nineteenth century to the desperate loss of it in the mid twentieth century. The very image of the decrepit landscape and the fragmented language underlines this sense of collapse of values. Everything is derelict, broken and bare, both literally and symbolically.

EPIGRAPH RelinquuntOmniaServare Rem Publicam.”

● Translation from Latin: “They gave up all to serve the republic.”

● This is an epigraph. It is a short quotation at the beginning of the poem intended to introduce the poem.

● Here, Lowell very ingeniously takes the Latin phrase that is engraved in the actual Civil War memorial to introduce a poem on the very subject, a dedication for the Union soldiers that died in the Civil War.

● Briefly, the Union soldiers were from the north, and wanted, among other things, for all of the states (northern and southern) to remain part of the Republic. The Confederates, the opposition from the south, wanted to break away from the Republic.

● The Union supported President Lincoln’s decision to abolish slavery, the Confederates did not.

The historical context of this poem rests on Colonel Robert Shaw, who was recruited in 1863 by Governor John Andrew to lead one of the first troops of all–African American men in the Civil War. This group became the 54thMassachusetts Infantry. Shaw grew passionate about the equality of his soldiers, and he even led a boycott against unequal pay when he learned that his African American soldiers were paid less than their white counterparts. The 54th infantry paraded through Boston before going to South Carolina, where Shaw was killed near Charleston. In the first stanza, the reader is surprised.

Expecting to read about the “Union Dead,” it is a perplexing to read initially about the South Boston Aquarium instead. Lowell prepares his readers. The contrast between the ideals Shaw fought for and the world Lowell sees is totally opposite. Lowell uses alliteration twice in the second line (“Sahara . . . snow” and “broken . . . boarded”) to further accentuate the unforgiving and cold environment of this modern Boston. He ends that stanza with fish tanks that have dried up. 279 Robert Lowell’s “For The Union Dead” Just as the tanks have lost the purpose for which they were created, Boston may have lost its way in the calling issued by Colonel Shaw to create a more united world.

In the second stanza, Lowell reflects on memories from his childhood, when he watched fish and reptiles in the aquarium, and he connects this through enjambment to the next stanza, in which construction is encroaching the Boston sky. The narrator begins at the ruins of the South Boston Aquarium, evoking past memories, then shifts to near-present, a day ‘last March.’ Lowell draws attention of his readers to a fenced excavation for an underground parking garage within paved parking areas in central Boston. The construction supports the frame the ‘tingling’ Statehouse in steel girders, while tremor from the work badly shakes the Shaw Memorial, reinforced only by a wooden ‘plank.’ In a way this is a critique of the modern technology.

The narrator reflects on the Memorial, which commemorates Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and the Union’s first black regiment, the Massachusetts 54th. The figures in the sculpture seem to ‘breathe’ life, issuing a vivid, personal, and disturbing reminder of death and sacrifice. Lowell reminds us that over half the regiment was killed in the first two months of battle. The Memorial hits home in a primeval way that contrasts sharply with its counterparts in ‘small-town . . . greens’ throughout New England, that seem ‘sparse’ and sleepy by comparison. The poem reminds and informs the reader that Colonel Shaw, the white commander, was buried in a mass grave, ‘a ditch,’ along with his black soldiers.

This was all that Shaw’s father wanted. There are no more recent war memorials in Boston Common. One notices that the closest thing being a photograph celebrating an American-made safe that ‘survived’ Hiroshima intact. There are no statues to commemorate the Hiroshima attack. The poem concludes in a unique way, the content opens up in ways that challenge the reader and complicate interpretation.

The drained faces of ‘Negro school children’, reconnects with Colonel Shaw through images of balloons and bubbles, anticipating an impending rupture. In the final stanza, the poem refers to the closed aquarium once more, implying that the fish that once fascinated the narrator have now been replaced by the ‘giant finned cars’ that appear ‘everywhere’, leaving the reader to consider the various implications.

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IGNOU BCom Assignment 2023-2024 (July – January)

IGNOU BCom Assignments 2024 - IGNOU BCom Assignment Question Paper has been uploaded by the university for its current session 2024. The students of the BCom program can now download the Assignment Questions from this page. Candidates have to compulsory download and submit these assignments with the solutions to the university to get permission for attending the Term End Exam of the IGNOU BCom Program.

We also inform all BCom students that the assignment questions for each of the courses of the IGNOU BCom program are available for download from here. You have to prepare each of BCom assignment separately so that IGNOU Evaluators can easily understand and identify the course code of each subject.

IGNOU BCom Syllabus
IGNOU BCom Study Material

Program Code
Name of the Program	Bachelor of Commerce
Session	2024
Applicable For	TEE June 2024 & December 2024
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List of IGNOU BCom Assignment 2024

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Each of the Assignment questions will have different marks and the same will be printed on each question. Candidates should write the solutions to all questions according to the instructions given in the IGNOU BCom Assignment Question Paper . The BCom students have to submit the Assignments for each course to IGNOU Study Centre in which they get registered. The candidates have to submit it before the due date to appear in Term End Exam conducted by IGNOU.

IGNOU BCom Assignment Submission Last Date for 2024

Here is the Last Date for Submission of the IGNOU BCom Assignment to appear in the Upcoming Term End Exam June 2024 or December 2024 .

For TEE June 2024	15th May 2024 (Extended)
For TEE December 2024	30th September 2024

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If you have completely solved your assignment then you have to submit your IGNOU BCom Assignments to the coordinator of the study centre which is allotted to you at the time of admission. Don’t forget to get a receipt for the submission of BCom Assignments.

After preparing the solution for your BCom Assignment, you have to submit IGNOU Assignments to the coordinator of the study centre which was allotted to you at the time of taking admission. Moreover, Don't forget to get a receipt for the submission of BCom Assignments.

106 thoughts on “IGNOU BCom Assignment 2023-2024 (July – January)”

If I complete all assignments by dec22 when can I sit for my exam?

Mujhe BCOA 01 ka Hindi Medium me assignment Chahiye .

Hello sir kya main 2 Nd year assignment Jama kar Sakti hu 20 July ko

Hi, Does anyone know if we need to submit our assignments online. And where to submit ?

Plz Jyoti vishwakarma me bhi bcom final year me hu or mujhe sari books Leni h but lockdown ki vajah se regional centre bnd h or 30 april tak assignment jama karwana jaruri h plz reply

BCOA 01 HINDI MEDIUM ASSIGNMENT CHIYE

I NEED BHDF 101.. WHY IT IS NOT AVAILABLE?

WHERE IS BSHF 103 ?

PLZ UPLOAD ACC1 AND ACS1 SEM 3 IN B.COM

plz, upload sem 2 subjects assignment. B.com

Anyone please help I never found ATR 1 assignment please help

may you send the solved assignmets of all subjects of 1 year bcomG

When will the ignou FST 01 assignment 2019-20 session will be uploaded??

plz eco 09 answers

mujhe BCOA 01 ka hindi medium me assignment chahiye

Mujhe bhi BCOA 01 ka Hindi Medium me assignment Chahiye .

I request you to upload b.comg assignments..I can’t find any assignments related to that or any sub code which is related to b.comg. please reply as soon as possible

please uploaded assignment b.comg

My name is Ayush form BCom part 1 I want 3 subject assignments of 2019 BCom 1 year 1) English 2 ) from language to literature 3) foundation course in humanities and social science Plz I am not getting it this all three subjects assignment

I am also unable to find BSHF 101 Question Paper.

Request Solved Assignment for ASP-01 English Please Provide Account / Paytm number for Payment.

Sir mujhe B.com 3rd year ka Eco-10 and Eco-11 ke books nhi mile hai jiske karn mujhe assignment solve karne me problem ho rhi hai karpya aap mujhe solved paper bhejne ki karpa kre . Please help me.

can i submit ECO -01 and Eco -02 assignments by 31st march? because it’s written 15th march as the last date which has passed

I would like to inform u that I m student of 1 year B.COM but I’m not getting the assignment of these subjects FKD-01 BSWE-004 So I request u to plz upload those subjects plz

u want question paper or solved assignment