assignment operators example in c

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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand	C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C
+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand.	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C = A is equivalent to C = C A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.	C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.	C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	C \|= 2 is same as C = C \| 2

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

Assignment Operators in C

C Assignment Operators	Example	Explanation
=	x = 25	Value 25 is assigned to x
+=	x += 25	This is the same as x = x + 25
-=	x -= 25	This is the same as x = x – 25
*=	y *= 25	This is the same as y = y * 25
/=	y /= 25	This is the same as y = y / 25
%=	y%= 25	This is the same as y = y % 25

Assignment Operators in C Example

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C Assignment Operators

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An assignment operation assigns the value of the right-hand operand to the storage location named by the left-hand operand. Therefore, the left-hand operand of an assignment operation must be a modifiable l-value. After the assignment, an assignment expression has the value of the left operand but isn't an l-value.

assignment-expression : conditional-expression unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression

assignment-operator : one of = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=

The assignment operators in C can both transform and assign values in a single operation. C provides the following assignment operators:

Operator	Operation Performed
	Simple assignment
	Multiplication assignment
	Division assignment
	Remainder assignment
	Addition assignment
	Subtraction assignment
	Left-shift assignment
	Right-shift assignment
	Bitwise-AND assignment
	Bitwise-exclusive-OR assignment
	Bitwise-inclusive-OR assignment

In assignment, the type of the right-hand value is converted to the type of the left-hand value, and the value is stored in the left operand after the assignment has taken place. The left operand must not be an array, a function, or a constant. The specific conversion path, which depends on the two types, is outlined in detail in Type Conversions .

Assignment Operators

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What is an assignment operator in c.

Assignment Operators in C are used to assign values to the variables. They come under the category of binary operators as they require two operands to operate upon. The left side operand is called a variable and the right side operand is the value. The value on the right side of the "=" is assigned to the variable on the left side of "=". The value on the right side must be of the same data type as the variable on the left side. Hence, the associativity is from right to left.

In this C tutorial , we'll understand the types of C programming assignment operators with examples. To delve deeper you can enroll in our C Programming Course .

Before going in-depth about assignment operators you must know about operators in C. If you haven't visited the Operators in C tutorial, refer to Operators in C: Types of Operators .

Types of Assignment Operators in C

There are two types of assignment operators in C:


+=	addition assignment	It adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
-=	subtraction assignment	It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
*=	multiplication assignment	It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand
/=	division assignment	It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
%=	modulo assignment	It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

Example of Augmented Arithmetic and Assignment Operators

There can be five combinations of bitwise operators with the assignment operator, "=". Let's look at them one by one.


&=	bitwise AND assignment	It performs the bitwise AND operation on the variable with the value on the right
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	It performs the bitwise OR operation on the variable with the value on the right
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	It performs the bitwise XOR operation on the variable with the value on the right
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the left by the value on the right
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	Shifts the bits of the variable to the right by the value on the right

Example of Augmented Bitwise and Assignment Operators

Practice problems on assignment operators in c, 1. what will the value of "x" be after the execution of the following code.

The correct answer is 52. x starts at 50, increases by 5 to 55, then decreases by 3 to 52.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of the number variable?

The correct answer is 144. After right-shifting 73 (binary 1001001) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 144 (binary 10010000).

Benefits of Using Assignment Operators

Simplifies Code: For example, x += 1 is shorter and clearer than x = x + 1.
Reduces Errors: They break complex expressions into simpler, more manageable parts thus reducing errors.
Improves Readability: They make the code easier to read and understand by succinctly expressing common operations.
Enhances Performance: They often operate in place, potentially reducing the need for additional memory or temporary variables.

Best Practices and Tips for Using the Assignment Operator

While performing arithmetic operations with the same variable, use compound assignment operators

Initialize Variables When Declaring int count = 0 ; // Initialization
Avoid Complex Expressions in Assignments a = (b + c) * (d - e); // Consider breaking it down: int temp = b + c; a = temp * (d - e);
Avoid Multiple Assignments in a Single Statement // Instead of this a = b = c = 0 ; // Do this a = 0 ; b = 0 ; c = 0 ;
Consistent Formatting int result = 0 ; result += 10 ;

When mixing assignments with other operations, use parentheses to ensure the correct order of evaluation.

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Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the C assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:

After the assignmment, the counter variable holds the number 1.

The following example adds 1 to the counter and assign the result to the counter:

The = assignment operator is called a simple assignment operator. It assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.

Besides the simple assignment operator, C supports compound assignment operators. A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

The following example uses a compound-assignment operator (+=):

The expression:

is equivalent to the following expression:

The following table illustrates the compound-assignment operators in C:

Operation Performed	Example	Equivalent expression
Multiplication assignment	x *= y	x = x * y
Division assignment	x /= y	x = x / y
Remainder assignment	x %= y	x = x % y
Addition assignment	x += y	x = x + y
Subtraction assignment	x -= y	x = x – y
Left-shift assignment	x <<= y	x = x <<=y
Right-shift assignment	x >>=y	x = x >>= y
Bitwise-AND assignment	x &= y	x = x & y
Bitwise-exclusive-OR assignment	x ^= y	x = x ^ y
Bitwise-inclusive-OR assignment	x \|= y	x = x \| y

A simple assignment operator assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.
A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

Quick links.

Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

Operation	Description
	Assigns 10 to variable
	Evaluates expression and assign result to
	Evaluates and assign result to
	Error, you cannot re-assign a value to a constant
	Error, you cannot re-assign a value to a constant

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

Shorthand assignment operator	Example	Meaning

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Assignment operator in c.

Last Updated on June 23, 2023 by Prepbytes

This type of operator is employed for transforming and assigning values to variables within an operation. In an assignment operation, the right side represents a value, while the left side corresponds to a variable. It is essential that the value on the right side has the same data type as the variable on the left side. If this requirement is not fulfilled, the compiler will issue an error.

What is Assignment Operator in C language?

In C, the assignment operator serves the purpose of assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by the equals sign (=) and plays a vital role in storing data within variables for further utilization in code. When using the assignment operator, the value present on the right-hand side is assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. This fundamental operation allows developers to store and manipulate data effectively throughout their programs.

Example of Assignment Operator in C

For example, consider the following line of code:

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

Simple assignment operator (=): This is the basic assignment operator, which assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Addition assignment operator (+=): This operator adds the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x += 3; // Equivalent to x = x + 3; (adds 3 to the current value of "x" and assigns the result back to "x")

Subtraction assignment operator (-=): This operator subtracts the value on the right-hand side from the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x -= 4; // Equivalent to x = x – 4; (subtracts 4 from the current value of "x" and assigns the result back to "x")

* Multiplication assignment operator ( =):** This operator multiplies the value on the right-hand side with the variable on the left-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x = 2; // Equivalent to x = x 2; (multiplies the current value of "x" by 2 and assigns the result back to "x")

Division assignment operator (/=): This operator divides the variable on the left-hand side by the value on the right-hand side and assigns the result back to the variable.

x /= 2; // Equivalent to x = x / 2; (divides the current value of "x" by 2 and assigns the result back to "x")

Bitwise AND assignment (&=): The bitwise AND assignment operator "&=" performs a bitwise AND operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x &= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise AND assignment: x = 1 (Binary: 0001)

Bitwise OR assignment (|=): The bitwise OR assignment operator "|=" performs a bitwise OR operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x |= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise OR assignment: x = 7 (Binary: 0111)

Bitwise XOR assignment (^=): The bitwise XOR assignment operator "^=" performs a bitwise XOR operation between the value on the left-hand side and the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x ^= 3; // Binary: 0011 // After bitwise XOR assignment: x = 6 (Binary: 0110)

Left shift assignment (<<=): The left shift assignment operator "<<=" shifts the bits of the value on the left-hand side to the left by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x <<= 2; // Binary: 010100 (Shifted left by 2 positions) // After left shift assignment: x = 20 (Binary: 10100)

Right shift assignment (>>=): The right shift assignment operator ">>=" shifts the bits of the value on the left-hand side to the right by the number of positions specified by the value on the right-hand side. It then assigns the result back to the left-hand side variable.

x >>= 2; // Binary: 101 (Shifted right by 2 positions) // After right shift assignment: x = 5 (Binary: 101)

Conclusion The assignment operator in C, denoted by the equals sign (=), is used to assign a value to a variable. It is a fundamental operation that allows programmers to store data in variables for further use in their code. In addition to the simple assignment operator, C provides compound assignment operators that combine arithmetic or bitwise operations with assignment, allowing for concise and efficient code.

FAQs related to Assignment Operator in C

Q1. Can I assign a value of one data type to a variable of another data type? In most cases, assigning a value of one data type to a variable of another data type will result in a warning or error from the compiler. It is generally recommended to assign values of compatible data types to variables.

Q2. What is the difference between the assignment operator (=) and the comparison operator (==)? The assignment operator (=) is used to assign a value to a variable, while the comparison operator (==) is used to check if two values are equal. It is important not to confuse these two operators.

Q3. Can I use multiple assignment operators in a single statement? No, it is not possible to use multiple assignment operators in a single statement. Each assignment operator should be used separately for assigning values to different variables.

Q4. Are there any limitations on the right-hand side value of the assignment operator? The right-hand side value of the assignment operator should be compatible with the data type of the left-hand side variable. If the data types are not compatible, it may lead to unexpected behavior or compiler errors.

Q5. Can I assign the result of an expression to a variable using the assignment operator? Yes, it is possible to assign the result of an expression to a variable using the assignment operator. For example, x = y + z; assigns the sum of y and z to the variable x.

Q6. What happens if I assign a value to an uninitialized variable? Assigning a value to an uninitialized variable will initialize it with the assigned value. However, it is considered good practice to explicitly initialize variables before using them to avoid potential bugs or unintended behavior.

C Language Tutorial

C Operators

C control structure, branch & jump stmt, assignment operators in c.

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables and perform operations simultaneously. Here are some commonly used assignment operators:

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left.
+=	Adds the value on the right to the variable on the left.
-=	Subtracts the value on the right from the variable on the left.
*=	Multiplies the variable on the left by the value on the right.
/=	Divides the variable on the left by the value on the right.
%=	Takes the modulus of the variable on the left with the value on the right.

Here are some examples of how these assignment operators work in C:

Sample C Program Using Assignment Operators

This program initializes an integer variable 'x' to 10 and then uses the '+=' assignment operator to add 5 to 'x'. The final value of 'x' is printed, which will be 15.

One more program for assignment operator

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Assignment Operators In C [ Full Information With Examples ]

Assignment Operators In C

Assignment operators is a binary operator which is used to assign values in a variable , with its right and left sides being a one-one operand. The operand on the left side is variable in which the value is assigned and the right side operands can contain any of the constant, variable, and expression.

The Assignment operator is a lower priority operator. its priority has much lower than the rest of the other operators. Its priority is more than just the comma operator. The priority of all other operators is more than the assignment operator.

We can assign the same value to multiple variables simultaneously by the assignment operator.

x = y = z = 100

Here x, y, and z are initialized to 100.

In C language, the assignment operator can be divided into two categories.

Simple assignment operator
Compound assignment operators

1. Simple Assignment Operator In C

This operator is used to assign left-side values to the right-side operands, simple assignment operators are represented by (=).

2. Compound Assignment Operators In C

Compound Assignment Operators use the old value of a variable to calculate its new value and reassign the value obtained from the calculation to the same variable.

Examples of compound assignment operators are: (Example: + =, – =, * =, / =,% =, & =, ^ =)

Look at these two statements:

Here in this example, adding 5 to the x variable in the second statement is again being assigned to the x variable.

Compound Assignment Operators provide us with the C language to perform such operation even more effecient and in less time.

Syntax of Compound Assignment Operators

Here op can be any arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /,%).

The above statement is equivalent to the following depending on the function:

Let us now know about some important compound assignment operators one by one.

“+ =” -: This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the output to the left operand.

“- =” -: This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and returns the result to the left operand.

“* =” -: This operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“/ =” -: This operator splits the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“% =” -: This operator takes the modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

There are many other assignment operators such as left shift and (<< =) operator, right shift and operator (>> =), bitwise and assignment operator (& =), bitwise OR assignment operator (^ =)

List of Assignment Operators In C


=	sum = 101;101 is assigned to variable sum
+=	sum += 101; This is same as sum = sum + 101
-=	sum -= 101; This is same as sum = sum – 101
*=	sum = 101; This is same as sum = sum 101
/=	sum /= 101; This is same as sum = sum/101
%=	sum %= 101; This is same as sum = sum % 101
&=	sum&=101; This is same as sum = sum & 101
^=	sum ^= 101; This is same as sum = sum ^ 101

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Assignment Operators in C

Assignment operators are used to assigning the result of an expression to a variable. Up to now, we have used the shorthand assignment operator “=”, which assigns the result of a right-hand expression to the left-hand variable. For example, in the expression x = y + z, the sum of y and z is assigned to x.

Another form of assignment operator is variable operator_symbol= expression ; which is equivalent to variable = variable operator_symbol expression;

We have the following different types of assignment and assignment short-hand operators.

Expression with an assignment operator	Detailed expression with an assignment operator
x += y;	x = x + y;
x -= y;	x = x – y;
x /= y;	x = x / y;
x *= y;	x = x * y;
x %= y;	x = x % y;
x &= y;	x = x & y;
x \|= y;	x = x \| y;
x ^= y;	x = x ^ y;
x >>= y;	x = x >> y;
x <<= y;	x = x << y;

Expected Output:

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C Fundamentals

C Variables, Constants and Literals
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C Programming Operators

C flow control.

C if...else Statement

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C Functions
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Types of User-defined Functions in C Programming
C Recursion
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C Programming Arrays

C Multidimensional Arrays
Pass arrays to a function in C

C Programming Pointers

Relationship Between Arrays and Pointers
C Pass Addresses and Pointers
C Dynamic Memory Allocation
C Array and Pointer Examples
C Programming Strings
String Manipulations In C Programming Using Library Functions
String Examples in C Programming

C Structure and Union

C structs and Pointers
C Structure and Function

C Programming Files

C File Handling
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C Additional Topics

C Keywords and Identifiers

C Precedence And Associativity Of Operators

C Bitwise Operators

C Preprocessor and Macros
C Standard Library Functions

C Tutorials

Bitwise Operators in C Programming

Compute Quotient and Remainder
Find the Size of int, float, double and char
Make a Simple Calculator Using switch...case

An operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable. For example: + is an operator to perform addition.

C has a wide range of operators to perform various operations.

C Arithmetic Operators

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc on numerical values (constants and variables).

Operator	Meaning of Operator
+	addition or unary plus
-	subtraction or unary minus
*	multiplication
/	division
%	remainder after division (modulo division)

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

The operators + , - and * computes addition, subtraction, and multiplication respectively as you might have expected.

In normal calculation, 9/4 = 2.25 . However, the output is 2 in the program.

It is because both the variables a and b are integers. Hence, the output is also an integer. The compiler neglects the term after the decimal point and shows answer 2 instead of 2.25 .

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a=9 is divided by b=4 , the remainder is 1 . The % operator can only be used with integers.

Suppose a = 5.0 , b = 2.0 , c = 5 and d = 2 . Then in C programming,

C Increment and Decrement Operators

C programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1.

Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1. These two operators are unary operators, meaning they only operate on a single operand.

Example 2: Increment and Decrement Operators

Here, the operators ++ and -- are used as prefixes. These two operators can also be used as postfixes like a++ and a-- . Visit this page to learn more about how increment and decrement operators work when used as postfix .

C Assignment Operators

An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is =

Operator	Example	Same as
=	a = b	a = b
+=	a += b	a = a+b
-=	a -= b	a = a-b
*=	a *= b	a = a*b
/=	a /= b	a = a/b
%=	a %= b	a = a%b

Example 3: Assignment Operators

C relational operators.

A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0.

Relational operators are used in decision making and loops .

Operator	Meaning of Operator	Example
==	Equal to	is evaluated to 0
>	Greater than	is evaluated to 1
<	Less than	is evaluated to 0
!=	Not equal to	is evaluated to 1
>=	Greater than or equal to	is evaluated to 1
<=	Less than or equal to	is evaluated to 0

Example 4: Relational Operators

C logical operators.

An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C programming .

Operator	Meaning	Example
&&	Logical AND. True only if all operands are true	If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression equals to 0.
\|\|	Logical OR. True only if either one operand is true	If c = 5 and d = 2 then, expression equals to 1.
!	Logical NOT. True only if the operand is 0	If c = 5 then, expression equals to 0.

Example 5: Logical Operators

Explanation of logical operator program

(a == b) && (c > 5) evaluates to 1 because both operands (a == b) and (c > b) is 1 (true).
(a == b) && (c < b) evaluates to 0 because operand (c < b) is 0 (false).
(a == b) || (c < b) evaluates to 1 because (a = b) is 1 (true).
(a != b) || (c < b) evaluates to 0 because both operand (a != b) and (c < b) are 0 (false).
!(a != b) evaluates to 1 because operand (a != b) is 0 (false). Hence, !(a != b) is 1 (true).
!(a == b) evaluates to 0 because (a == b) is 1 (true). Hence, !(a == b) is 0 (false).

During computation, mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc are converted to bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power.

Bitwise operators are used in C programming to perform bit-level operations.

Operators	Meaning of operators
&	Bitwise AND
\|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise exclusive OR
~	Bitwise complement
<<	Shift left
>>	Shift right

Visit bitwise operator in C to learn more.

Other Operators

Comma operator.

Comma operators are used to link related expressions together. For example:

The sizeof operator

The sizeof is a unary operator that returns the size of data (constants, variables, array, structure, etc).

Example 6: sizeof Operator

Other operators such as ternary operator ?: , reference operator & , dereference operator * and member selection operator -> will be discussed in later tutorials.

Arithmetic Operators
Increment and Decrement Operators
Assignment Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
sizeof Operator

Video: Arithmetic Operators in C

Sorry about that.

Assignment Operators in C

Operators are a fundamental part of all the computations that computers perform. Today we will learn about one of them known as Assignment Operators in C. Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. The most common assignment operator is = . Assignment Operators are Binary Operators.

Types of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

basic assignment ( = )
subtraction assignment ( -= )
addition assignment ( += )
division assignment ( /= )
multiplication assignment ( *= )
modulo assignment ( %= )
bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= )
bitwise OR assignment ( |= )
bitwise AND assignment ( &= )
bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= )
bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= )

Working of Assignment Operators in C

This is the complete list of all assignment operators in C. To read the meaning of operator please keep in mind the above example.

Operator	Meaning Of Operator	Example	Same as
=	Simple assignment operator	x=y	x=y
+=	Add left operand to right operand then assign result to left operand	x+=y	x=x+y
-=	subtract right operand from left operand then assign result to left operand	x-=y	x=x-y
*=	multiply left operand with right operand then assign result to left operand	x*=y	x=x*y
/=	divide left operand with right operand then assign result to left operand	x/=y	x=x/y
%=	take modulus left operand with right operand then assigned result in left operand	x%=y	x=x%y
<<=	Left Shift Assignment Operator means the left operand is left shifted by right operand value and assigned value to left operand	x<<=y	x=x<<y
>>=	Right shift Assignment Operator means the left operand is right shifted by right operand value and assigned value to left operand	x>>=y	x=x>>y
&=	Bitwise AND Assignment Operator means does AND on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x&=y	x=x&y
\|=	Bitwise inclusive OR Assignment Operator means does OR on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x\|=y	x=x\|y
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR Assignment Operator means does XOR on every bit of left operand and right operand and assigned value to left operand	x^=y	x=x^y

Example for Assignment Operators in C

Basic assignment ( = ) :

Subtraction assignment ( -= ) :

Addition assignment ( += ) :

Division assignment ( /= ) :

Multiplication assignment ( *= ) :

Modulo assignment ( %= ) :

Bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= ) :

Bitwise OR assignment ( |= ) :

Bitwise AND assignment ( &= ) :

Bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= ) :

Bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= ) :

This is the detailed explanation of all the assignment operators in C that we have. Hopefully, This is clear to you.

Practice Problems on Assignment Operators in C

1. what will be the value of a after the following code is executed.

A) 10 B) 11 C) 12 D) 15

Answer – C. 12 Explanation: a starts at 10, increases by 5 to 15, then decreases by 3 to 12. So, a is 12.

2. After executing the following code, what is the value of num ?

A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32

Answer: C) 16 Explanation: After right-shifting 8 (binary 1000) by one and then left-shifting the result by two, the value becomes 16 (binary 10000).

Q. How does the /= operator function? Is it a combination of two other operators?

A. The /= operator is a compound assignment operator in C++. It divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. It is equivalent to using the / operator and then the = operator separately.

Q. What is the most basic operator among all the assignment operators available in the C language?

A. The most basic assignment operator in the C language is the simple = operator, which is used for assigning a value to a variable.

Assignment operators are used to assign the result of an expression to a variable.
There are two types of assignment operators in C. Simple assignment operator and compound assignment operator.
Compound Assignment operators are easy to use and the left operand of expression needs not to write again and again.
They work the same way in C++ as in C.

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Assignment operators.














(C11)









Miscellaneous

General




(C11)







(C99)

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

Operator	Operator name	Example	Description	Equivalent of
=	basic assignment	a = b	becomes equal to
+=	addition assignment	a += b	becomes equal to the addition of and	a = a + b
-=	subtraction assignment	a -= b	becomes equal to the subtraction of from	a = a - b
*=	multiplication assignment	a *= b	becomes equal to the product of and	a = a * b
/=	division assignment	a /= b	becomes equal to the division of by	a = a / b
%=	modulo assignment	a %= b	becomes equal to the remainder of divided by	a = a % b
&=	bitwise AND assignment	a &= b	becomes equal to the bitwise AND of and	a = a & b
\|=	bitwise OR assignment	a \|= b	becomes equal to the bitwise OR of and	a = a \| b
^=	bitwise XOR assignment	a ^= b	becomes equal to the bitwise XOR of and	a = a ^ b
<<=	bitwise left shift assignment	a <<= b	becomes equal to left shifted by	a = a << b
>>=	bitwise right shift assignment	a >>= b	becomes equal to right shifted by	a = a >> b

Simple assignment Notes Compound assignment References See Also See also

[ edit ] Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs rhs

lhs	-	expression of any complete object type
rhs	-	expression of any type to lhs or with lhs

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non-lvalue (so that expressions such as ( a = b ) = c are invalid).

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic (since C11)
both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict (since C99) -qualified or atomic (since C11) .
lhs is a (possibly qualified or atomic (since C11) ) pointer and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL or a nullptr_t value (since C23)

has type (possibly qualified or atomic(since C11)) _Bool and rhs is a pointer or a value(since C23)

(since C99)

has type (possibly qualified or atomic) and rhs has type

(since C23)

[ edit ] Notes

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

The side effect of updating lhs is sequenced after the value computations, but not the side effects of lhs and rhs themselves and the evaluations of the operands are, as usual, unsequenced relative to each other (so the expressions such as i = ++ i ; are undefined)

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C.

[ edit ] Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form


lhs op rhs

op	-	one of *=, /= %=, += -=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, \|=
lhs, rhs	-	expressions with (where lhs may be qualified or atomic), except when op is += or -=, which also accept pointer types with the same restrictions as + and -

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

If lhs has type, the operation behaves as a single atomic read-modify-write operation with memory order .

For integer atomic types, the compound assignment @= is equivalent to:

addr = &lhs; T2 val = rhs; T1 old = *addr; T1 new; do { new = old @ val } while (! (addr, &old, new);

(since C11)

[ edit ] References

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 72-73)
C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
3.3.16 Assignment operators

[ edit ] See Also

Operator precedence

Common operators

a = b a += b a -= b a *= b a /= b a %= b a &= b a \|= b a ^= b a <<= b a >>= b	++a --a a++ a--	+a -a a + b a - b a * b a / b a % b ~a a & b a \| b a ^ b a << b a >> b	!a a && b a \|\| b	a == b a != b a < b a > b a <= b a >= b	a[b] *a &a a->b a.b	a(...) a, b (type) a a ? b : c sizeof _Alignof (since C11)

[ edit ] See also

for Assignment operators

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Operators In C

Assignment Operators in C

We use this type of operator to transform as well as assign the values to any variable in an operation. In any given assignment operator, the right side is a value, and the left side is a variable. The value present on the right side of the operator must have the same data type as that of the variable present on the left side. In any other case, the compiler raises an error.

In this article, we will take a look into the Assignment Operators in C according to the GATE Syllabus for CSE (Computer Science Engineering) . Read ahead to know more.

Table of Contents

Working Of Assignment Operators In C
Example Of Assignment Operators In C
Practice Problems On Assignment Operators In C

Types of Assignment Operators in C

An assignment operator is basically a binary operator that helps in modifying the variable to its left with the use of the value to its right. We utilize the assignment operators to transform and assign values to any variables.

Here is a list of the assignment operators that you can find in the C language:

basic assignment ( = )
subtraction assignment ( -= )
addition assignment ( += )
division assignment ( /= )
multiplication assignment ( *= )
modulo assignment ( %= )
bitwise XOR assignment ( ^= )
bitwise OR assignment ( |= )
bitwise AND assignment ( &= )
bitwise right shift assignment ( >>= )
bitwise left shift assignment ( <<= )

Working of Assignment Operators in C

Here is a table that discusses, in brief, all the Assignment operators that the C language supports:


basic assignment	=	p becomes equal to q	N/A	p = q
addition assignment	+=	The addition of p and q becomes equal to p	p = p + q	p += q
subtraction assignment	-=	The subtraction of q from p becomes equal to p	p = p – q	p -= q
multiplication assignment	*=	The product of p and q becomes equal to p	p = p * q	p *= q
division assignment	/=	The division of p by q becomes equal to p	p = p / q	p /= q
modulo assignment	%=	The remainder of p divided by q becomes equal to p	p = p % q	p %= q
bitwise AND assignment	&=	The bitwise AND of p and q becomes equal to p	p = p & q	p &= q
bitwise OR assignment	\|=	The bitwise OR of p and q becomes equal to p	p = p \| q	p \|= q
bitwise XOR assignment	^=	The bitwise XOR of p and q becomes equal to p	p = p ^ q	p ^= q
bitwise left shift assignment	<<=	p left shifted by q becomes equal to p	p = p << q	p <<= q
bitwise right shift assignment	>>=	p right shifted by q becomes equal to p	p = p >> q	p >>= q

Example of Assignment Operators in C

Let us look at an example to understand how these work in a code:

#include <stdio.h>

int x = 21;

printf(“Line A – = Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line B – -= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line C – += Example of the Value of c = %d\n”, c );

printf(“Line D – /= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line E – *= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

y <<= 2;

printf(“Line F – <<= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line G – %= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

y &= 2;

printf(“Line H – &= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

y >>= 2;

printf(“Line I – >>= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line J – |= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

printf(“Line K – ^= Example of the Value of y = %d\n”, y );

The compilation and execution of the program mentioned above will produce a result as follows:

Line A – = Example of the Value of y = 21

Line B – -= Example of the Value of y = 21

Line C – += Example of the Value of y = 42

Line D – /= Example of the Value of y = 21

Line E – *= Example of the Value of y = 441

Line F – <<= Example of the Value of y = 44

Line G – %= Example of the Value of y = 11

Line H – &= Example of the Value of y = 2

Line I – >>= Example of the Value of y = 11

Line J – |= Example of the Value of y = 2

Line K – ^= Example of the Value of y = 0

Here is another example of how the assignment operators work in the C language:

int y = 10;

printf(“z = x + y = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z += x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z -= x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z *= x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z /= x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z %= x = %d \n”,z);

c &= x ;

printf(“c &= x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z ^= x = %d \n”,z);

printf(“z |= x = %d \n”,z);

z <<= 2 ;

printf(“z <<= 2 = %d \n”,z);

z >>= 2 ;

printf(“z >>= 2 = %d \n”,z);

The output generated here will be:

z = x + y = 15

z += x = 20

z -= x = 15

z *= x = 75

z &= x = 0

z ^= x = 10

z |= x = 10

z <<= 2 = 40

z >>= 2 = 10

z >>= 2 = 2

Practice Problems on Assignment Operators in C

1. What would be the output obtained from the program given below?

#include<stdio.h>

p += p += p += 3;

printf(“%d”,p);

Answer – A. 20

p+=p+=p+=3; it can written as p+=p+=p=p+3; p=2; Or, p+=p+=5; p=5; Or, p+=p=5+5; p=5; Or, p+=10; p=10; Or, p=p+10; p=10; Or, p=20. So, finally p=20.

2. Which of these is an invalid type of assignment operator?

D. None of these

Answer – D. None of these

All of these are valid types of assignment operators.

How does the /= operator work? Is it a combination of two other operators?

Yes, the /+ operator is a combination of the = and / operators. The / operator divides the current value of the available variable first on the left using the available value on the right. It then assigns the obtained result to the available variable on the left side.

What is the most basic operator among all the assignment operators available in the C language?

The = operator is the most basic one used in the C language. We use this operator to assign the value available in the right to the value mentioned on the left side of the operator.

Keep learning and stay tuned to get the latest updates on GATE Exam along with GATE Eligibility Criteria , GATE 2023 , GATE Admit Card , GATE Syllabus for CSE (Computer Science Engineering) , GATE CSE Notes , GATE CSE Question Paper , and more.

Also Explore,

Arithmetic Operators in C
Bitwise Operators in C
Increment and Decrement Operators in C
Logical Operators in C
Operators in C
Relational Operators in C

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Assignment Operator in C

Using assignment operators, we can assign value to the variables.

Equality sign (=) is used as an assignment operator in C.

Here, value 5 has assigned to the variable var.

Here, value of a has assigned to the variable b . Now, both a and b will hold value 10 .

Basically, the value of right-side operand will be assigned to the left side operand.

Pictorial Explanation

Compound assignment operators

Operator	Meaning	Example (a = 10 , b = 5)
	L=L+R add left and right operand and assign result in left	same as a=a+b after execution will hold 15
	L=L-R subtract right operand from left operand and assign result in left	same as a=a-b after execution will hold 5
	L=L*R multiply both right and left operand and store result in left	same as a=a*b after execution will hold 50
	L=L/R divides left operand by right operand and store result in left	same as a=a/b after execution will hold 2
	L=L%R After left and right operand division, the remainder will be stored in left	same as a=a%b after execution will hold 0

Sample Program

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C functions, c dynamic memory, c structure union, c file handling, c preprocessor, c command line, c programming test, c interview.

There are different kinds of the operators, such as arithmetic, relational, bitwise, assignment, etc., in the C programming language. The assignment operator is used to assign the value, variable and function to another variable. Let's discuss the various types of the assignment operators such as =, +=, -=, /=, *= and %=.

It is the operator used to assign the right side operand or variable to the left side variable.

Let's create a program to use the simple assignment operator in C.

The operator is used to add the left side operand to the left operand and then assign results to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the Plus and assign operator in C.

The operator is used to subtract the left operand with the right operand and then assigns the result to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the Subtract and Assign (-=) operator in C.

The operator is used to multiply the left operand with the right operand and then assign result to the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the multiply and assign operator (*=) in C.

An operator is used between the left and right operands, which divides the first number by the second number to return the result in the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the divide and assign operator (/=) in C.

An operator used between the left operand and the right operand divides the first number (n1) by the second number (n2) and returns the remainder in the left operand.

Let's create a program to use the divide and assign operator (%=) in C.

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C – Assignment Operators

prev next, assignment operators in c:.

In C programs, values for the variables are assigned using assignment operators.

For example, if the value “10” is to be assigned for the variable “sum”, it can be assigned as “sum = 10;”
There are 2 categories of assignment operators in C language. They are, 1. Simple assignment operator ( Example: = ) 2. Compound assignment operators ( Example: +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, ^= )

Example program for C assignment operators:

In this program, values from 0 – 9 are summed up and total “45” is displayed as output.
Assignment operators such as “=” and “+=” are used in this program to assign the values and to sum up the values.

main() Total=0,i; (i=0;i<10;i++) +=i; // This is same as Total = Toatal+i ("Total = %d", Total);

Continue on types of C operators:

Click on each operator name below for detailed description and example programs.


	These are used to perform mathematical calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and modulus
	These are used to assign the values for the variables in C programs.

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Assignment Operators In C++

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

In the example below, we use the assignment operator ( = ) to assign the value 10 to a variable called x :

The addition assignment operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable:

A list of all assignment operators:

Operator	Example	Same As
=	x = 5	x = 5
+=	x += 3	x = x + 3
-=	x -= 3	x = x - 3
*=	x *= 3	x = x * 3
/=	x /= 3	x = x / 3
%=	x %= 3	x = x % 3
&=	x &= 3	x = x & 3
\|=	x \|= 3	x = x \| 3
^=	x ^= 3	x = x ^ 3
>>=	x >>= 3	x = x >> 3
<<=	x <<= 3	x = x << 3

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