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Thesis Statements

What this handout is about.

This handout describes what a thesis statement is, how thesis statements work in your writing, and how you can craft or refine one for your draft.

Introduction

Writing in college often takes the form of persuasion—convincing others that you have an interesting, logical point of view on the subject you are studying. Persuasion is a skill you practice regularly in your daily life. You persuade your roommate to clean up, your parents to let you borrow the car, your friend to vote for your favorite candidate or policy. In college, course assignments often ask you to make a persuasive case in writing. You are asked to convince your reader of your point of view. This form of persuasion, often called academic argument, follows a predictable pattern in writing. After a brief introduction of your topic, you state your point of view on the topic directly and often in one sentence. This sentence is the thesis statement, and it serves as a summary of the argument you’ll make in the rest of your paper.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement:

• tells the reader how you will interpret the significance of the subject matter under discussion.
• is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper.
• directly answers the question asked of you. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. The subject, or topic, of an essay might be World War II or Moby Dick; a thesis must then offer a way to understand the war or the novel.
• makes a claim that others might dispute.
• is usually a single sentence near the beginning of your paper (most often, at the end of the first paragraph) that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation.

If your assignment asks you to take a position or develop a claim about a subject, you may need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement near the beginning of your draft. The assignment may not explicitly state that you need a thesis statement because your instructor may assume you will include one. When in doubt, ask your instructor if the assignment requires a thesis statement. When an assignment asks you to analyze, to interpret, to compare and contrast, to demonstrate cause and effect, or to take a stand on an issue, it is likely that you are being asked to develop a thesis and to support it persuasively. (Check out our handout on understanding assignments for more information.)

How do I create a thesis?

A thesis is the result of a lengthy thinking process. Formulating a thesis is not the first thing you do after reading an essay assignment. Before you develop an argument on any topic, you have to collect and organize evidence, look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the significance of these relationships. Once you do this thinking, you will probably have a “working thesis” that presents a basic or main idea and an argument that you think you can support with evidence. Both the argument and your thesis are likely to need adjustment along the way.

Writers use all kinds of techniques to stimulate their thinking and to help them clarify relationships or comprehend the broader significance of a topic and arrive at a thesis statement. For more ideas on how to get started, see our handout on brainstorming .

How do I know if my thesis is strong?

If there’s time, run it by your instructor or make an appointment at the Writing Center to get some feedback. Even if you do not have time to get advice elsewhere, you can do some thesis evaluation of your own. When reviewing your first draft and its working thesis, ask yourself the following :

• Do I answer the question? Re-reading the question prompt after constructing a working thesis can help you fix an argument that misses the focus of the question. If the prompt isn’t phrased as a question, try to rephrase it. For example, “Discuss the effect of X on Y” can be rephrased as “What is the effect of X on Y?”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? If your thesis simply states facts that no one would, or even could, disagree with, it’s possible that you are simply providing a summary, rather than making an argument.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? Thesis statements that are too vague often do not have a strong argument. If your thesis contains words like “good” or “successful,” see if you could be more specific: why is something “good”; what specifically makes something “successful”?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? If a reader’s first response is likely to  be “So what?” then you need to clarify, to forge a relationship, or to connect to a larger issue.
• Does my essay support my thesis specifically and without wandering? If your thesis and the body of your essay do not seem to go together, one of them has to change. It’s okay to change your working thesis to reflect things you have figured out in the course of writing your paper. Remember, always reassess and revise your writing as necessary.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? If a reader’s first response is “how?” or “why?” your thesis may be too open-ended and lack guidance for the reader. See what you can add to give the reader a better take on your position right from the beginning.

Suppose you are taking a course on contemporary communication, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: “Discuss the impact of social media on public awareness.” Looking back at your notes, you might start with this working thesis:

Social media impacts public awareness in both positive and negative ways.

You can use the questions above to help you revise this general statement into a stronger thesis.

• Do I answer the question? You can analyze this if you rephrase “discuss the impact” as “what is the impact?” This way, you can see that you’ve answered the question only very generally with the vague “positive and negative ways.”
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not likely. Only people who maintain that social media has a solely positive or solely negative impact could disagree.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? No. What are the positive effects? What are the negative effects?
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? No. Why are they positive? How are they positive? What are their causes? Why are they negative? How are they negative? What are their causes?
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? No. Why should anyone care about the positive and/or negative impact of social media?

After thinking about your answers to these questions, you decide to focus on the one impact you feel strongly about and have strong evidence for:

Because not every voice on social media is reliable, people have become much more critical consumers of information, and thus, more informed voters.

This version is a much stronger thesis! It answers the question, takes a specific position that others can challenge, and it gives a sense of why it matters.

Let’s try another. Suppose your literature professor hands out the following assignment in a class on the American novel: Write an analysis of some aspect of Mark Twain’s novel Huckleberry Finn. “This will be easy,” you think. “I loved Huckleberry Finn!” You grab a pad of paper and write:

Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn is a great American novel.

You begin to analyze your thesis:

• Do I answer the question? No. The prompt asks you to analyze some aspect of the novel. Your working thesis is a statement of general appreciation for the entire novel.

Think about aspects of the novel that are important to its structure or meaning—for example, the role of storytelling, the contrasting scenes between the shore and the river, or the relationships between adults and children. Now you write:

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain develops a contrast between life on the river and life on the shore.

• Do I answer the question? Yes!
• Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose? Not really. This contrast is well-known and accepted.
• Is my thesis statement specific enough? It’s getting there–you have highlighted an important aspect of the novel for investigation. However, it’s still not clear what your analysis will reveal.
• Does my thesis pass the “how and why?” test? Not yet. Compare scenes from the book and see what you discover. Free write, make lists, jot down Huck’s actions and reactions and anything else that seems interesting.
• Does my thesis pass the “So what?” test? What’s the point of this contrast? What does it signify?”

After examining the evidence and considering your own insights, you write:

Through its contrasting river and shore scenes, Twain’s Huckleberry Finn suggests that to find the true expression of American democratic ideals, one must leave “civilized” society and go back to nature.

This final thesis statement presents an interpretation of a literary work based on an analysis of its content. Of course, for the essay itself to be successful, you must now present evidence from the novel that will convince the reader of your interpretation.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Anson, Chris M., and Robert A. Schwegler. 2010. The Longman Handbook for Writers and Readers , 6th ed. New York: Longman.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Ramage, John D., John C. Bean, and June Johnson. 2018. The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writing , 8th ed. New York: Pearson.

Ruszkiewicz, John J., Christy Friend, Daniel Seward, and Maxine Hairston. 2010. The Scott, Foresman Handbook for Writers , 9th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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• Knowledge Base
• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

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The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

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Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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Developing a Thesis Statement

Many papers you write require developing a thesis statement. In this section you’ll learn what a thesis statement is and how to write one.

Keep in mind that not all papers require thesis statements . If in doubt, please consult your instructor for assistance.

What is a thesis statement?

A thesis statement . . .

• Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic.
• Makes a promise to the reader about the scope, purpose, and direction of your paper.
• Is focused and specific enough to be “proven” within the boundaries of your paper.
• Is generally located near the end of the introduction ; sometimes, in a long paper, the thesis will be expressed in several sentences or in an entire paragraph.
• Identifies the relationships between the pieces of evidence that you are using to support your argument.

Not all papers require thesis statements! Ask your instructor if you’re in doubt whether you need one.

Identify a topic

Your topic is the subject about which you will write. Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic; or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper.

Consider what your assignment asks you to do

Inform yourself about your topic, focus on one aspect of your topic, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts, generate a topic from an assignment.

Below are some possible topics based on sample assignments.

Sample assignment 1

Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II.

Identified topic

Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis

This topic avoids generalities such as “Spain” and “World War II,” addressing instead on Franco’s role (a specific aspect of “Spain”) and the diplomatic relations between the Allies and Axis (a specific aspect of World War II).

Sample assignment 2

Analyze one of Homer’s epic similes in the Iliad.

The relationship between the portrayal of warfare and the epic simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64.

This topic focuses on a single simile and relates it to a single aspect of the Iliad ( warfare being a major theme in that work).

Developing a Thesis Statement–Additional information

Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic, or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper. You’ll want to read your assignment carefully, looking for key terms that you can use to focus your topic.

Sample assignment: Analyze Spain’s neutrality in World War II Key terms: analyze, Spain’s neutrality, World War II

After you’ve identified the key words in your topic, the next step is to read about them in several sources, or generate as much information as possible through an analysis of your topic. Obviously, the more material or knowledge you have, the more possibilities will be available for a strong argument. For the sample assignment above, you’ll want to look at books and articles on World War II in general, and Spain’s neutrality in particular.

As you consider your options, you must decide to focus on one aspect of your topic. This means that you cannot include everything you’ve learned about your topic, nor should you go off in several directions. If you end up covering too many different aspects of a topic, your paper will sprawl and be unconvincing in its argument, and it most likely will not fulfull the assignment requirements.

For the sample assignment above, both Spain’s neutrality and World War II are topics far too broad to explore in a paper. You may instead decide to focus on Franco’s role in the diplomatic relationships between the Allies and the Axis , which narrows down what aspects of Spain’s neutrality and World War II you want to discuss, as well as establishes a specific link between those two aspects.

Before you go too far, however, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts. Try to avoid topics that already have too much written about them (i.e., “eating disorders and body image among adolescent women”) or that simply are not important (i.e. “why I like ice cream”). These topics may lead to a thesis that is either dry fact or a weird claim that cannot be supported. A good thesis falls somewhere between the two extremes. To arrive at this point, ask yourself what is new, interesting, contestable, or controversial about your topic.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times . Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Derive a main point from topic

Once you have a topic, you will have to decide what the main point of your paper will be. This point, the “controlling idea,” becomes the core of your argument (thesis statement) and it is the unifying idea to which you will relate all your sub-theses. You can then turn this “controlling idea” into a purpose statement about what you intend to do in your paper.

Look for patterns in your evidence

Compose a purpose statement.

Consult the examples below for suggestions on how to look for patterns in your evidence and construct a purpose statement.

• Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis
• Franco turned to the Allies when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from the Axis

Possible conclusion:

Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: Franco’s desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power.

Purpose statement

This paper will analyze Franco’s diplomacy during World War II to see how it contributed to Spain’s neutrality.

• The simile compares Simoisius to a tree, which is a peaceful, natural image.
• The tree in the simile is chopped down to make wheels for a chariot, which is an object used in warfare.

At first, the simile seems to take the reader away from the world of warfare, but we end up back in that world by the end.

This paper will analyze the way the simile about Simoisius at 4.547-64 moves in and out of the world of warfare.

Derive purpose statement from topic

To find out what your “controlling idea” is, you have to examine and evaluate your evidence . As you consider your evidence, you may notice patterns emerging, data repeated in more than one source, or facts that favor one view more than another. These patterns or data may then lead you to some conclusions about your topic and suggest that you can successfully argue for one idea better than another.

For instance, you might find out that Franco first tried to negotiate with the Axis, but when he couldn’t get some concessions that he wanted from them, he turned to the Allies. As you read more about Franco’s decisions, you may conclude that Spain’s neutrality in WWII occurred for an entirely personal reason: his desire to preserve his own (and Spain’s) power. Based on this conclusion, you can then write a trial thesis statement to help you decide what material belongs in your paper.

Sometimes you won’t be able to find a focus or identify your “spin” or specific argument immediately. Like some writers, you might begin with a purpose statement just to get yourself going. A purpose statement is one or more sentences that announce your topic and indicate the structure of the paper but do not state the conclusions you have drawn . Thus, you might begin with something like this:

• This paper will look at modern language to see if it reflects male dominance or female oppression.
• I plan to analyze anger and derision in offensive language to see if they represent a challenge of society’s authority.

At some point, you can turn a purpose statement into a thesis statement. As you think and write about your topic, you can restrict, clarify, and refine your argument, crafting your thesis statement to reflect your thinking.

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic.

Compose a draft thesis statement

If you are writing a paper that will have an argumentative thesis and are having trouble getting started, the techniques in the table below may help you develop a temporary or “working” thesis statement.

Begin with a purpose statement that you will later turn into a thesis statement.

Assignment: Discuss the history of the Reform Party and explain its influence on the 1990 presidential and Congressional election.

Purpose Statement: This paper briefly sketches the history of the grassroots, conservative, Perot-led Reform Party and analyzes how it influenced the economic and social ideologies of the two mainstream parties.

Question-to-Assertion

If your assignment asks a specific question(s), turn the question(s) into an assertion and give reasons why it is true or reasons for your opinion.

Assignment : What do Aylmer and Rappaccini have to be proud of? Why aren’t they satisfied with these things? How does pride, as demonstrated in “The Birthmark” and “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” lead to unexpected problems?

Beginning thesis statement: Alymer and Rappaccinni are proud of their great knowledge; however, they are also very greedy and are driven to use their knowledge to alter some aspect of nature as a test of their ability. Evil results when they try to “play God.”

Write a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the essay you plan to write.

Main idea: The reason some toys succeed in the market is that they appeal to the consumers’ sense of the ridiculous and their basic desire to laugh at themselves.

Make a list of the ideas that you want to include; consider the ideas and try to group them.

• nature = peaceful
• war matériel = violent (competes with 1?)
• need for time and space to mourn the dead
• war is inescapable (competes with 3?)

Use a formula to arrive at a working thesis statement (you will revise this later).

• although most readers of _______ have argued that _______, closer examination shows that _______.
• _______ uses _______ and _____ to prove that ________.
• phenomenon x is a result of the combination of __________, __________, and _________.

What to keep in mind as you draft an initial thesis statement

Beginning statements obtained through the methods illustrated above can serve as a framework for planning or drafting your paper, but remember they’re not yet the specific, argumentative thesis you want for the final version of your paper. In fact, in its first stages, a thesis statement usually is ill-formed or rough and serves only as a planning tool.

As you write, you may discover evidence that does not fit your temporary or “working” thesis. Or you may reach deeper insights about your topic as you do more research, and you will find that your thesis statement has to be more complicated to match the evidence that you want to use.

You must be willing to reject or omit some evidence in order to keep your paper cohesive and your reader focused. Or you may have to revise your thesis to match the evidence and insights that you want to discuss. Read your draft carefully, noting the conclusions you have drawn and the major ideas which support or prove those conclusions. These will be the elements of your final thesis statement.

Sometimes you will not be able to identify these elements in your early drafts, but as you consider how your argument is developing and how your evidence supports your main idea, ask yourself, “ What is the main point that I want to prove/discuss? ” and “ How will I convince the reader that this is true? ” When you can answer these questions, then you can begin to refine the thesis statement.

Refine and polish the thesis statement

To get to your final thesis, you’ll need to refine your draft thesis so that it’s specific and arguable.

• Ask if your draft thesis addresses the assignment
• Question each part of your draft thesis
• Clarify vague phrases and assertions
• Investigate alternatives to your draft thesis

Consult the example below for suggestions on how to refine your draft thesis statement.

Sample Assignment

Choose an activity and define it as a symbol of American culture. Your essay should cause the reader to think critically about the society which produces and enjoys that activity.

• Ask The phenomenon of drive-in facilities is an interesting symbol of american culture, and these facilities demonstrate significant characteristics of our society.This statement does not fulfill the assignment because it does not require the reader to think critically about society.

Drive-ins are an interesting symbol of American culture because they represent Americans’ significant creativity and business ingenuity.

Among the types of drive-in facilities familiar during the twentieth century, drive-in movie theaters best represent American creativity, not merely because they were the forerunner of later drive-ins and drive-throughs, but because of their impact on our culture: they changed our relationship to the automobile, changed the way people experienced movies, and changed movie-going into a family activity.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast-food establishments, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize America’s economic ingenuity, they also have affected our personal standards.

While drive-in facilities such as those at fast- food restaurants, banks, pharmacies, and dry cleaners symbolize (1) Americans’ business ingenuity, they also have contributed (2) to an increasing homogenization of our culture, (3) a willingness to depersonalize relationships with others, and (4) a tendency to sacrifice quality for convenience.

This statement is now specific and fulfills all parts of the assignment. This version, like any good thesis, is not self-evident; its points, 1-4, will have to be proven with evidence in the body of the paper. The numbers in this statement indicate the order in which the points will be presented. Depending on the length of the paper, there could be one paragraph for each numbered item or there could be blocks of paragraph for even pages for each one.

Complete the final thesis statement

The bottom line.

As you move through the process of crafting a thesis, you’ll need to remember four things:

• Context matters! Think about your course materials and lectures. Try to relate your thesis to the ideas your instructor is discussing.
• As you go through the process described in this section, always keep your assignment in mind . You will be more successful when your thesis (and paper) responds to the assignment than if it argues a semi-related idea.
• Your thesis statement should be precise, focused, and contestable ; it should predict the sub-theses or blocks of information that you will use to prove your argument.
• Make sure that you keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Change your thesis as your paper evolves, because you do not want your thesis to promise more than your paper actually delivers.

In the beginning, the thesis statement was a tool to help you sharpen your focus, limit material and establish the paper’s purpose. When your paper is finished, however, the thesis statement becomes a tool for your reader. It tells the reader what you have learned about your topic and what evidence led you to your conclusion. It keeps the reader on track–well able to understand and appreciate your argument.

Writing Process and Structure

This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.

Getting Started with Your Paper

Interpreting Writing Assignments from Your Courses

Generating Ideas for

Creating an Argument

Thesis vs. Purpose Statements

Architecture of Arguments

Working with Sources

Quoting and Paraphrasing Sources

Using Literary Quotations

Citing Sources in Your Paper

Drafting Your Paper

Generating Ideas for Your Paper

Introductions

Paragraphing

Developing Strategic Transitions

Conclusions

Revising Your Paper

Peer Reviews

Reverse Outlines

Revising an Argumentative Paper

Revision Strategies for Longer Projects

Finishing Your Paper

Twelve Common Errors: An Editing Checklist

How to Proofread your Paper

Writing Collaboratively

Collaborative and Group Writing

Reference management. Clean and simple.

How to write a thesis statement + examples

What is a thesis statement?

Is a thesis statement a question, how do you write a good thesis statement, how do i know if my thesis statement is good, examples of thesis statements, helpful resources on how to write a thesis statement, frequently asked questions about writing a thesis statement, related articles.

A thesis statement is the main argument of your paper or thesis.

The thesis statement is one of the most important elements of any piece of academic writing . It is a brief statement of your paper’s main argument. Essentially, you are stating what you will be writing about.

You can see your thesis statement as an answer to a question. While it also contains the question, it should really give an answer to the question with new information and not just restate or reiterate it.

Your thesis statement is part of your introduction. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our introduction guide .

A thesis statement is not a question. A statement must be arguable and provable through evidence and analysis. While your thesis might stem from a research question, it should be in the form of a statement.

Tip: A thesis statement is typically 1-2 sentences. For a longer project like a thesis, the statement may be several sentences or a paragraph.

A good thesis statement needs to do the following:

• Condense the main idea of your thesis into one or two sentences.
• Answer your project’s main research question.
• Clearly state your position in relation to the topic .
• Make an argument that requires support or evidence.

Once you have written down a thesis statement, check if it fulfills the following criteria:

• Your statement needs to be provable by evidence. As an argument, a thesis statement needs to be debatable.
• Your statement needs to be precise. Do not give away too much information in the thesis statement and do not load it with unnecessary information.
• Your statement cannot say that one solution is simply right or simply wrong as a matter of fact. You should draw upon verified facts to persuade the reader of your solution, but you cannot just declare something as right or wrong.

As previously mentioned, your thesis statement should answer a question.

If the question is:

What do you think the City of New York should do to reduce traffic congestion?

A good thesis statement restates the question and answers it:

In this paper, I will argue that the City of New York should focus on providing exclusive lanes for public transport and adaptive traffic signals to reduce traffic congestion by the year 2035.

Here is another example. If the question is:

How can we end poverty?

A good thesis statement should give more than one solution to the problem in question:

In this paper, I will argue that introducing universal basic income can help reduce poverty and positively impact the way we work.

• The Writing Center of the University of North Carolina has a list of questions to ask to see if your thesis is strong .

A thesis statement is part of the introduction of your paper. It is usually found in the first or second paragraph to let the reader know your research purpose from the beginning.

In general, a thesis statement should have one or two sentences. But the length really depends on the overall length of your project. Take a look at our guide about the length of thesis statements for more insight on this topic.

Here is a list of Thesis Statement Examples that will help you understand better how to write them.

Every good essay should include a thesis statement as part of its introduction, no matter the academic level. Of course, if you are a high school student you are not expected to have the same type of thesis as a PhD student.

Here is a great YouTube tutorial showing How To Write An Essay: Thesis Statements .

Writing Tips and Tricks : Creating Your Thesis

• Developing Research Questions
• Creating Your Thesis
• Outlining Your Paper

What is a Thesis Statement?

A thesis statement...

Makes an argumentative assertion about a topic; it states the conclusions that you have reached about your topic.

Make a promise to the reader about the scope , purpose , and direction of your paper.

Is focused and specific enough to be "proven" within the boundaries of your paper.

Identifies the relationships between the pieces of evidence that you are using to support your argument.

Content from this section originally by the University of Wisconsin - Madison's guide " Writing process and structure " by the Writing Center.

Characteristics Good Thesis Statements

Here are some characteristics of good thesis statements, with samples of good and poor ones. Note that the better examples substitute specific argumentative points for sweeping general statements; they indicate a theoretical basis and promise substantial support.

It makes a definite and limited assertion that needs to be explained and supported by further discussion

Non-specific example

Shakespeare was the world's greatest playwright.

Focused example

The success of the last scene in Midsummer Night's Dream comes from subtle linguistic and theatrical references to Elizabeth's position as queen.

It indicates the methodology of your argument

Emotional, vague example

This essay will show that the North American Free Trade Agreement was a disaster for the Canadian furniture industry

Worth attention example

Neither neo-protectionism nor post-industrial theory explains the steep reversal of fortune for the Canadian furniture industry in the period 1988-1994. Data of productivity, profits, and employment, however, can be closely correlated with provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement that took effect in the same period. 

It shows awareness of difficulties and disagreements

Sweeping, vague example

Having an official policy on euthanasia just causes problems, as the Dutch example shows.

Suitable complex example

Dutch laws on euthanasia have been rightly praised for their attention to the principles of self-determination. Recent cases, however, show that they have not been able to deal adequately with issues involving technological intervention of unconscious patients. Hamarckian strategies can solve at least the question of assignation of rights. 

Content from this section originally by the University of Toronto's " Using Thesis Statements " written by Margaret Procter, Writing Support. 

Developing a Thesis Statement

The process of developing a thesis statement can be broken down into four steps:

Step 1 : Identify a topic

Step 2 : Derive a main point from the topic

Step 3 : Compose a draft thesis statement

Step 4 : Refine and polish the thesis

Developing a Thesis Statement 2

Identify a topic.

Your topic is the subject about which you will write. Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic; or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper. 

Consider what your assignment asks you to do

Inform yourself about your topic, focus on one aspect of your topic, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts.

Your assignment may suggest several ways of looking at a topic, or it may name a fairly general concept that you will explore or analyze in your paper. You'll want to read your assignment carefully, looking for key terms that you can use to focus your topic. 

After you've identified the key words in your topic, the next step is to read about them in several sources, or generate as much information as possible through an analysis of your topic. The more material or knowledge you have, the more possibilities will be available for a strong argument

As you consider your options, you must decide to focus on one aspect of your topic. This means that you cannot include everything you've learned about your topic, nor should you go off in several directions. If you end up covering too many different aspects of a topic, your paper will sprawl and be unconvincing in its argument, and it most likely will not fulfill the assignment requirements . 

Before you go too far, however, ask yourself whether your topic is worthy of your efforts. Try to avoid topics that already have too much written about them (i.e. "eating disorders and body image among adolescents and women") or that simply are not important (i.e. "why I like ice cream").

Note : These topics may lead to a thesis that is either dry fact or a weird claim that cannot be supported. A good thesis falls somewhere between the two extremes. To arrive at this point, ask yourself what is new, interesting, contestable, or controversial about your topic. 

As you work on your thesis, remember to keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times . Sometimes your thesis needs to evolve as you develop new insights, find new evidence, or take a different approach to your topic. 

Derive a Main Point from Topic

Once you have a topic, you will have to decide what the main point of your paper will be. This point, the "controlling idea," becomes the core of your argument (thesis statement) and it is the unifying idea to which you will relate all your sub-theses. You can then turn this "controlling idea" into a purpose statement about what you intend to do in your paper

Look for patterns in your evidence

To find out what your "controlling idea" is, you have to examine and evaluate your evidence . As you consider your evidence, you may notice patterns emerging, data repeated in more than one source, or facts that favour one view more than another. These patterns or data may then lead you to some conclusions about your topic and suggest that you can successfully argue for one idea better than another. 

Compose a purpose statement

Sometimes you won't be able to find a focus or identify your "spin" or specific argument immediately. Like some writers, you might begin with a purpose statement just to get yourself along. A purpose statement is one or more sentences that announce your topic and indicate the structure of the paper but do not state the conclusions you have drawn . 

At some point, you can turn a purpose statement into a thesis statement. As you think and write about your topic, you can restrict, clarify, and refine your argument, crafting your thesis statement to reflect your thinking. 

Compose a Draft Thesis Statement

If you are writing a paper that will have an argumentative thesis and are having trouble getting started, the techniques below may help you develop a temporary or "working" thesis statement.

Purpose statement

Begin with a purpose statement that you will later turn into a thesis statement

Question-to-assertion

If your assignment asks a specific question(s), turn the question(s) into an assertion and give reasons why it is true or reasons for your opinion.

Write a sentence that summarizes the main idea of the essay you plan to write.

Make a list of ideas what you want to include; consider the ideas and try to group them

What to keep in mind as you draft an initial thesis statement

Beginning statements obtained through the methods illustrated above can serve as a framework for planning or drafting your paper, but remember they're not yet the specific argumentative thesis you want for the final version of your paper. 

As you write, you may discover evidence that does not fit your working thesis. Or you may reach deeper insights about your topic as you do more research, and you will find that your thesis statement has to be more complicated to match the evidence that you want to use. 

You must be willing to reject or omit some evidence in order to keep your paper cohesive and your reader focused. You may have to revise your thesis to match the evidence and insights that you want to discuss. 

Refine and Polish the Thesis Statement

To get your final thesis, you'll need to refine your draft thesis so that it's specific and arguable.

• Ask if your draft thesis addresses the assignment
• Question each part of your draft thesis
• Clarify vague phrases and assertions
• Investigate alternatives to your draft thesis

The bottom line

As you move through the process of crafting a thesis, you'll need to remember four things

• Context matters . Think about your course materials and lectures. Try to relate your thesis to the ideas your instructor is discussing.
• As you go through the process describe in this section, always keep your assignment in mind . You will be more successful when your thesis (and paper) responds to the assignment than if it argues a semi-related idea.
• Your thesis statement should be precise , focused , and contestable ; it should predict the sub-theses or blocks of information that you will use to prove your argument
• Make sure that you keep the rest of your paper in mind at all times. Change your thesis as your paper evolves, because you do not want your thesis to promise more than your paper actually delivers. 

In the beginning, the thesis statement was a tool to help you sharpen your focus, limit material and establish the paper's purpose. When your paper is finished, however, the thesis statement becomes a tool for your reader. It tells the reader what you have learned about your topic and what evidence led you to your conclusion. It keeps the reader on track - well able to understand and appreciate your assignment.

Taking a Stance

Don't confuse your topic with your thesis. The assignment topic outlines the general scope of your project. Your thesis focuses your discussion of that topic. A thesis is a statement that takes a position or offers an interpretation of the subject. It is not simply a description or a statement of fact. 

Content from this section originally by Queen's University's " Developing a thesis statement ."

Some Myths About Thesis Statements

Myth #1: Every paper requires one

• Assignments that ask you to write a personal response or to explore a subject don't want you to pre-judge the issues. Essays of literary interpretation often want you to be aware of many effects rather than seeming to box yourself into one view of the text.

Myth #2: A thesis statement must come at the end of the first paragraph

• This is a natural position for a statement of focus, but it's not the only one. Very commonly in applied health sciences your thesis statement should appear very early on in your paper / article. This is because you need to be specific when writing for the applied health science and helps to structure your paper.

Myth #3: A thesis statement must be one sentence in length, no matter how many clauses it contains

• Clear writing is more important than rules like these. Use two or three sentences if you need them. A complex argument may require a whole tightly-knit paragraph to make its initial statement of position.

Myth #4: You can't start writing an essay until you have a perfect thesis statement

• It may be advisable to draft a hypothesis or tentative thesis statement near the start of a big project, but changing and refining a thesis is a main task of thinking your way through your ideas as you write a paper. Some essay projects need to explore the question in depth without being locked in before they can provide even a tentative answer.

Myth #5: A thesis statement must give three points of support

• It should indicate that the essay will explain and give evidence for its assertion, but points don't need to come in any specific order.

Content from this section originally by the University of Toronto's " Using Thesis Statements " written by Margaret Procter, Writing Support.

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what should be avoided in a thesis statement for an informative speech? group of answer choices the speaker's opinion or any sort of value statement keeping the audience guessing about your viewpoints, opinions, or biases any type of statistic or fact making the thesis statement a clear, declarative statement, that sums up what the speech will be about

The answer is: the speaker's opinion or any sort of value statement.

In an informative speech, the thesis statement should be a clear and concise statement that outlines the topic and main points of the speech. It should avoid any personal opinions or biases, as the goal of an informative speech is to provide objective information to the audience.

Related Questions

Who sings the song Dancing Queen in Mamma Mia?

Answer: either meryl streep, julie walters, and christine baranski

Explanation: searched it up (:

What is the difference between logical and illogical in Spanish?

In Spanish, the adjectives "lógico" and "ilógico" are frequently rendered as " logical " and "illogical," respectively.

When used as adjectives , illogical and logical differ in that illogical is the opposite of logic; it lacks sense or good reasoning, whereas logical is not equivalent to or consistent with the logical principles. The adjectives "illogical" and "illogical" are frequently translated as "ilógico" and "lógico," respectively. It makes sense that they would want to get the most money for the house when they sell it. It makes sense that they would want to get the most money possible for the house. Logic entails shifting from one point to another by making use of the available data to reach a conclusion. Information frequently conforms to established patterns rather than making an effort to establish new ones. Because we are independent and skeptical thinkers, we do not accept everything that is said to us. We examine the supporting logic to decide whether something is true.

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!!!!!!In "The Relationship Between Hunger and War", what is one reason the author includes information about soldiers being starved during the U.S. Civil War? A to explain why people are forced to leave their homes during war B to prove that the U.S. Civil War was not as bad as Sudan's civil war C to highlight that starvation has long been used as a tactic during wars D to describe why the United Nations is working to end hunger

C. to highlight that starvation has long been used as a tactic during wars

Explanation:

The correct option is C to highlight that starvation has long been used as a tactic during wars. By including information about soldiers being starved during the U.S. Civil War, the author is emphasizing that the use of hunger as a tool of war is not a new phenomenon, but has a long history. This information serves to make the argument that hunger and war are inextricably linked and that the issue of hunger in times of conflict is a longstanding problem that needs to be addressed.

stories about you must fit with what your societal audience believes to be coherent and acceptable.

For example, if you are in a conservative community, stories about you should reflect traditional values and beliefs.

They should emphasize the importance of family, hard work, and self-reliance. On the other hand, if you are in a progressive community, stories about you should emphasize inclusivity, tolerance, and social justice. Belief systems, People of faith make up the majority of the conservative movement. Christians, Evangelicals, and Catholics are the highest religious sects, adhering to all that conservatism upholds, including opposition to abortion, opposition to homosexual rights, and preservation of traditional values. Culture in this example of commuting includes both real and intangible elements, such as expectations on personal space and beliefs and thoughts (bus stops, trains, and seating capacity). Material culture refers to a collection of people's possessions or goods.

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in this chapter, note jane experiences dark, intrusive thoughts. why does she feel this way? why do you think brontë choose to incorporate these emotions during her description of jane’s youth?

Jane experiences dark , intrusive thoughts because of the way she is treated by those around her.

She is constantly belittled and mistreated by her aunt and cousins, leading to feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt. These thoughts are a natural response to the negative experiences she has had and the lack of love and support in her life. I believe that Brontë chose to incorporate these emotions during her description of Jane’s youth to highlight the impact of childhood experiences on a person's mental health and self-perception.

By showing the effects of neglect and mistreatment on Jane's psyche, Brontë is able to emphasize the importance of positive and nurturing relationships in a person's life. Additionally, it adds depth and complexity to Jane's character, making her more relatable and sympathetic to readers.

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The author writes "Spoken language, compared with the visual nuances of signing, might as well be caveman guttural grunts." How does the video "Can You Read My Lips?" Illustrate this claim? Cite specific details from the video to support your answer.

We can see here that based on the provided quote from the author, it seems that the author is suggesting that the visual nuances of signing language are more nuanced and expressive than spoken language, which may be limited in its ability to convey certain ideas or emotions.

A claim is a statement or assertion that a writer or speaker presents as true or valid. It is the main argument or point that a person is trying to make, and it is often supported by evidence, reasoning, and/or examples. In academic writing, a claim is typically the thesis statement or central argument of an essay or research paper.

The video "Can You Read My Lips?" might provide examples or evidence to support this claim by demonstrating the intricate and expressive nature of sign language compared to spoken language. For instance, the video might highlight how sign language can convey tone, emphasis, and emotion in a more visually nuanced way than spoken language.

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Besides those benefits that were presented in the previous lessons regarding studying God's words, what three additional benefits were outlined in this lesson?

By striving for righteousness or by making atonement for our sins via the sacrifice of others words , we cannot possibly please God. Instead, Micah outlined the three guiding principles of what God requires of His people.

Read while watching TV or preparing dinner. Have a location in mind. Choose a time and stick to it. To walk humbly with Him, do justice, and to love kindness. Here are six advantages you might want to think about if beginning or participating in a small group Bible study sounds like an unwanted commitment to you:

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In the paragraph box below, write the definitions of the words found in Act I, Scene 3. (Hamlet) libertine: precept: beguile:

A libertine is someone who acts immorally or without regard for their responsibilities , particularly when it comes to sexual problems. This term is used in Hamlet to describe Hamlet's father, who was allegedly a libertine in his youth.

A general principle used to control behavior or thought is known as a precept. In Hamlet , Polonius uses this phrase to describe the instruction he gave to Laertes before he left for France.

Precepts include things like "Expect the best, but prepare for the worst" and "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." equivalent to "Don't judge a book by its appearance."

Beguile: To deceitfully allure or captivate someone into doing something they would not normally do. This phrase is used by Ophelia in Hamlet to describe Hamlet's treatment of her, implying that he had duped her with untrue declarations of love.

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compare and contrast Harrison Bergergon and Beautiful is in the eye of the beholder

How someone in authority perceives the people under their control as a threat and how society is propelled toward ultimate equality serve as major themes throughout the narrative.

What connections may be drawn between Harrison Bergeron and 1984?

Both 1984 and Harrison Bergeron are literary novels depicting dystopian civilizations in the future that limit people's freedom of expression, thought, and the ability to act in their own best interests.

What does Harrison Bergeron represent in the narrative?

Harrison embodies the spirit of independence and rebellion that some Americans still possess. He lacks the timidity and passivity that define practically every other character in the narrative. Instead, he is a blown-up version of an alpha male, a tall, valiant, and incredibly powerful man with a voracious appetite for power.

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If a suspended object A is attracted to a negatively charged object B, what can we conclude about A?

If a suspended object A is attracted to a negatively charged object B, we can conclude that object A has a positive electric charge.

This is because opposite charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other. The negatively suspended object B would create an electric field around it, and the positively charged object A would experience a force that pulls it towards object B. If object A were negatively charged, it would be repelled by object B and move away from it, rather than being attracted toward it.

It's important to note that the degree of attraction between the two objects depends on the strength of the electric charges and the distance between them. According to Coulomb's law , the force of attraction between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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When a large truck wants to pass you, what should you do?

There are a few things you may do to protect both you and the driver of the large truck when he or she tries to pass you. Always presume the truck driver cannot see because large vehicles have blind areas. While driving close to them, leave plenty of room and exercise caution .

Keep your cool and refrain from making any jarring motions that can shock the truck driver. If you're on a multi-lane highway, change to the right lane and keep driving at the same speed. The vehicle will be able to pass you in the left lane safely as a result .

Be patient: Big trucks can take a while to pass other vehicles. Wait until the truck has safely passed before accelerating back to your regular speed.

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What is the external validity of single-subject research experiments?

The external validity of single-subject research experiments refers to the degree to which the results of a single-subject experiment can be generalized to other contexts, populations , and settings.

The external validity of single-subject experiments is often limited because they typically involve a small sample size, a single subject, and a specific context. Therefore, the results of a single-subject experiment cannot be generalized to a larger population or to different contexts or settings. The extent to which study results can be extrapolated (applied) from the sample is known as external validity. In other words, can you generalise the results of your study to different populations or contexts? (ecological validity). The ability to generalise a study's results to various populations, contexts, and metrics is known as its external validity. The level of assurance that the causal relationship you are examining is not impacted by other variables or circumstances is known as internal validity.

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What is synonyms for take?

Take is synonymous with face, meet, encounter, fight, oppose, dispute, emulate, and rival.

Words with the same meaning as another word are called synonyms. As every situation is unique, it is not advisable to utilise every synonym listed in the synonyms submenu. This demonstrates that even while the definitions of the terms may be similar, not all of them may be appropriate in the specific situation.

When employing a synonym, be sure it is appropriate for the topic at hand. A word's opposites are also true. Despite the fact that two terms have completely different meanings, they are not necessarily interchangeable.

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HELP PLEASEEEEEEEE!!!!!!!!! Read the passage. Bul-GO!-gi “Can you chop the scallions?” Seo-Jun didn't look away from his smartphone to reply to his mother’s request. He was busy texting Vince Cordova about a new show they were planning to binge watch Friday night. “Seo. . . . Seo!” “What?” “What do you mean, 'What’? I need you to chop the scallions.” It was 11:30 a.m., and the Town Pavilion—the office building Ji-Suk's food truck Bul-GO!-gi was parked outside of—was about to unleash a stampede of customers. “I have to get this beef marinating, otherwise in a half hour I'm going to lose a bunch of hungry tax consultants to the chicken and waffle guys across street.” Seo-Jun smiled, but Ji-Suk couldn't see his eyes from under his royal blue cap. Then she realized he was still looking at his phone, which he was concealing below his knees as his fingers tapped the screen. “Hey!” She threw a kitchen towel at him, and it unfurled in midair and landed on his head, draping itself over the brim of his cap. “Okay, okay, I'll do it.” Ji-Suk had made a name for herself in Kansas City, especially after a local magazine wrote a big cover story when she left her job as an attorney at a law firm after seven years to start a food truck business. If her own mother had still been alive, she would have been quite upset with Ji-Suk for that. Her mother had spent years learning to speak relatively good English, and she’d been determined to make sure Ji-Suk graduated from a respectable college and became a lawyer. Even though she'd made Ji-Suk take Korean lessons every Saturday morning followed by violin lessons in the afternoon—and cooked kimchi and other Korean delicacies with her at least once a week—Ji-Suk's mother had wanted her to succeed by American standards. And she had. She'd become a lawyer, just like her mother wanted, but she'd also learned to love burnt end barbecue, a local culinary favorite. She was an avid fan of the Kansas City Chiefs. She even loved playing softball; she had a wickedly fast windmill pitch, having played throughout college and graduate school and on the law firm's recreational team. Ji-Suk had succeeded by American standards in ways her mother couldn't have imagined, and in ways her mother probably didn't want, but Ji-Suk couldn't do anything about that. She was American, just as much as she was Korean, and even though her mother wouldn't have wanted her to do it, starting the food truck was Ji-Suk's way of honoring her mother and showing that she valued what her mother had taught her. Still, she was determined not to force Seo-Jun to do the things her mother had forced her to do. He wouldn't have to take violin lessons, nor would he have to learn Korean. She was more than willing to let him take Korean lessons if he showed any interest, but he never did. She wasn't sure, however, whether she was doing the right thing, as Seo-Jun didn't seem to want to play sports, nor did he have any serious hobbies. He got by in school, but he didn’t apply himself. He was mostly interested in his friends. She hadn't been any different at his age, and she would have spent most of her time with her friends, too, but her mother would never have allowed it. Seo-Jun finished chopping a stalk of scallions and put down his knife in order to glance at his phone. “Hey mom, Vince has to do something with his family on Friday night. He asked if we can hang out right now. Would it be okay if I headed over there now?” “Sure.” He tried to read his mother's face, but she just carried on marinating the meat. He grabbed his backpack and threw it over one of his shoulders. Then he headed out the back door of the truck. He looked back at her serving her first guest. She was smiling, but it was a distant smile. Without saying a word, he climbed back into the food truck. Ji-Suk glanced over but still didn't say a word. He picked up his knife and a handful of scallions and started chopping. Question 1 What is a central idea of the story "Bul-GO!-gi"? Ji-Suk’s mother loves her daughter, and she is determined for Ji-Suk to be successful in any culture. Ji-Suk has often disappointed her mother, and Ji-Suk wonders if her mother will still be disappointed in her. Ji-Suk’s mother wants her to retain her Korean culture, so Ji-Suk eats Korean foods and learns the language. Ji-Suk’s mother is a strict disciplinarian, so she does not want Ji-Suk to integrate into American culture.

Texting, also called text messaging, act of sending short messages with cell phones, usually using the Short Messaging Service (SMS).

Since client texts may frequently be answered more quickly than live calls, texting is a quick and convenient way to communicate and solve problems. Compared to other forms of communication , text messages have the highest opening rate.

Texting is used to transmit brief personal, family, social, and professional communications. Due to the lack of fast response requirements, people frequently choose texting.

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What is the definition of Reckoning?

Part A: What can be inferred about microorganisms from the information? Part B : cite at least two pieces of evidence from paragraph 3 that support the inference in Part A.

Microorganisms , also known as microbes, are tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen with the na-ked eye. They include a wide range of organisms, including bacteria , viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae.

Microorganisms are found in virtually every environment on Earth, including soil, water, air, and even inside other organisms. They play a crucial role in various biological and ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition , and symbiosis.

Some microorganisms are beneficial to humans, such as those that help digest food in the gut or produce antibiotics. Others, however, can cause diseases , such as bacteria that cause pneumonia or viruses that cause the flu.

Microorganisms are also used in various industries, such as biotechnology, food production, and environmental remediation. For example, certain bacteria are used to produce insulin for people with diabetes, while others are used to clean up oil spills .

Overall, microorganisms are an incredibly diverse and important group of organisms that have a significant impact on our world.

AN overview was given as your information is incomplete.

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howie was preparing a speech to his classmates about his recent trip to china. as he put together his visual aids, he decided to use a colorful photo of a chinese new year parade as his background. he then used one decorative font and listed numerous points on each slide. by doing this, which guideline for preparing visual aids did he violate?

When should you use a hyphen?

Hyphens are used to join two or more words together to create a compound word or to separate syllables of a single word .

Compound Words: Hyphens are used to combine two or more words that function as a single concept or adjective , such as "well-being," "self-esteem," and "user-friendly." Prefixes and Suffixes: Hyphens can be used when adding a prefix or suffix to a word to avoid confusion or to make the word easier to read, such as "re-enter" or "anti-inflammatory."

Numbers: Hyphens are used in some numbers such as phone numbers, social security numbers , and credit card numbers. Hyphenated Phrases: Hyphens can be used in certain phrases to clarify meaning, such as "four-leaf clover" and "son-in-law." Compound Adjectives: Hyphens are used in compound adjectives that come before a noun, such as "well-known author," "two-year-old child," and "high-speed train." In general, it is best to follow the conventions of the specific style guide or publication you are writing for to ensure consistency and clarity.

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How do you fix the keyboard typing wrong characters on a Chromebook?

Login to the Chromebook and go to settings (by clicking near time or using Alt + Shift + S)

Click gear icon.

Scroll down and select keyboard settings.

Once in keyboard settings scroll down again and select "Change input settings"

What was the purpose of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses

In 1517, Martin Lutheri ssued his 95 theses in opposition to the sale of indulgences. Luther continued to write, expanding on the points made, after sending a copy of the theses to Albert of Mainz (who then submitted a copy to Pope Leo).

There are three "solas" that are frequently used to condense Luther's and the reformation's teachings. By grace alone, by faith alone, and alone according to the written word—sola gratia, sola fide, and sola scriptura. God's love for mankind is the foundation of reformation theology. By grace alone, it is meant that God freely provides his love.

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther wrote (in Latin) and may have placed 95 Theses, arguments for discussion pertaining to the issue of indulgences, on the door of the Schlosskirche in Wittenberg. This incident is known as the start of the Protestant Reformation.

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what is the purpose of ariel's speech after the banquet vanishes

The speech Ariel delivers after the banquet leaves accomplishes two goals. First of all, it serves as a reminder to the dinner attendees to consider how transitory life is and to savour each moment while it lasts.

Second, it serves as a gentle reminder to the viewer that despite the transience and ambiguity of life, there is still hope for the future. The goal of Ariel's speech is to inspire the audience to be upbeat and resilient in the face of adversity . I am reminded of all the blessings in my life as I scan the room. I'm so appreciative of all of you being here today and for your love and support. I value your presence in my life so much.

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What are the impacts of surveillance?

The impacts of surveillance can be both positive and negative .

On the positive side , surveillance can be used to detect and prevent crime, protect national security, and provide public safety. It can help catch criminals and keep citizens safe.

On the negative side , surveillance can lead to privacy violations, create a sense of mistrust, and lead to an increase in surveillance-based discrimination.

It can also be used to increase government control and limit individual freedom. Additionally, there is the potential for abuse or misuse of surveillance technologies. Finally, surveillance can be costly to implement and maintain.

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what is definition of inspiration?

Inspiration is a feeling  you get from someone or something, which gives you new and creative ideas.

It can come from any source, such as people, books, music, nature, or events, and it often leads to action comes from within and can be used to motivate and encourage yourself and others. The act of being intellectually  to act or feel, particularly creatively. Dictionaries "A sense of excitement you receive from someone or something, which inspires new and original thoughts. Inspiration is defined,  A sensation of  you experience from someone or something that provides you fresh, imaginative thoughts is known as inspiration . Poets  as my literary influence.

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Why do the townspeople notify Miss Emily's relatives when she begins her courtship with Homer Barron?

The townspeople notify Miss Emily's relatives when she begins her courtship with Homer Barron because they disapprove of the relationship and believe it is inappropriate.

Miss Emily is from a wealthy, respected family and the townspeople believe that she should maintain her family's reputation by only associating with people of the same social status. Homer Barron, on the other hand, is a laborer from the North and is not considered to be of the same social class as Miss Emily.

By notifying Miss Emily's relatives, the townspeople hope to put an end to the relationship and preserve the reputation of the Grierson family. This action reflects the societal expectations and prejudices of the time period in which the story is set.

What do you think the narrator means when she says, “The sensation that the world is slowly dying feels good” on page 25 in Convenience Store Women

The animated movie Shrek pokes fun of typical fairy tales. Shrek, an ugly green ogre, rescues the imprisoned Princess Fiona. Instead of Fiona and Prince Charming living happily ever after, or the kiss of Princess Fiona turning the “frog” into a prince, Fiona becomes an ogre and the ugly pair marries. Various characters such as Cinderella, Snow White, Pinocchio, Robin Hood, and the Magic Mirror all make exaggerated, ironic, or otherwise humorous appearances. This film is an example of:

what similar function did religious celebrations and the literature of chivalry serve?

In medieval Europe, religious festivals and chivalric literature promoted the values of honour, bravery, and community while reinforcing societal standards and values. This common cultural framework was made possible by religion.

In medieval Europe , religious festivals and chivalric literature both served to reinforce societal mores and ideals. Both offered a common cultural framework that influenced and supported the era's beliefs and goals. Religious holidays like Easter and Christmas served as a place for collective contemplation and joy, reinforcing the significance of the Christian faith and its teachings.

The chivalric literature , which includes Arthurian legends and stories of valiant heroes, supported chivalric virtues like honour, loyalty, and bravery. In addition to influencing medieval society's cultural and social standards, religious festivals and chivalric literature both played a significant role in helping people feel a sense of belonging and a common identity.

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what kind of vocabulary instruction may be appropriate for english learners, but is not usually needed for native english speakers?

What is the story of Kilometres and Kilometres?

In 2019, Jeo Baby wrote the story and directed the Indian drama movie Kilometres and Kilometres . The lead actors in the movie are Tovino Thomas, Joju George, and Sarasa Balussery.

It narrates the tale of an estranged father-and-son team that travels by car from Thrissur to Kanyakumari. They begin to bond with one other as they face their personal inner demons along the journey. As they travel across Kerala's varied landscapes, the movie explores their adventure and demonstrates how their friendship grows stronger. In the novel Kilometres and Kilometres , a young man named Simon, a bit of a daydreamer and loner, is the subject of the story . He envisions a life filled with exploration and adventure.

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Hey can someone help meeee

Answer: I think its a coma splice

Answer: Its comma splice