upsc essay paper 2022

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Essay Exam Question Paper - 2022

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(Download) UPSC Mains 2022 Question Paper: Essay Compulsory

Marks : 250 (125x2)
Duration: 3 hours
Exam Date: 16-09-2022
Year : 2022
Exam Date :

Write Two Essays, choosing One from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each.

Section-a (125 marks) - choose any one essay, q-1.forests are the best case studies for economic excellence., q-2.poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world., q-3.history is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man., q-4.a ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for., download upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers pdf, section-b (125 marks)- choose any one essay, q-1.the time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining., q-2.you cannot step twice in the same river., q-3.a smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities., q-4.just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right., click here to download full papers pdf, (e-book) upsc mains essay (compulsory) papers ( 2000-2020 ) pdf, download upsc mains gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc pre gs 10 year papers pdf, download upsc mains gs solved papers pdf, printed study material for ias mains general studies, printed study material for ias mains essay, << go back to main page.

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[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2022

September 16, 2022

Important Updates , UPSC MAINS 2022 QUESTION PAPERS

1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

4) A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.

1) The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2) You cannot step twice in the same river.

3) A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4) Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper Discussion – By Sunil Oberoi Sir Retd. IAS

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UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Examinations have started with the essay paper. After the completion of the examination in the first session, UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper is out. If you are preparing for the 2023 examination, you can go through the question paper and check the type of topics that are being asked.

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Forests are the best case studies of economic excellence
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world
History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic men
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what a ship is meant for
The time to repair the roof is when sun is shining
You cannot step twice in the same river
A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right

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UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022: The Union Public Service Commission started the UPSC Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on September 16, 2022. The UPSC mains exam started on September 16, 2022 , and will be held on 17, 18, 24, and 25, 2022, at various locations around the country. GeeksforGeeks have brought the UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022 to make your exam preparation perfect.

The highest score in the Mains Written level is crucial since 7 out of 9 papers are counted for merit ranking. Preliminary level marks, on the other hand, are not counted for merit ranking. As a result, the candidate’s attention should not only be on passing the exam but also on obtaining the best and highest possible grades.

To gain a notion of Important Essay Topics for UPSC 2023 , one needs at least to look at the previous seven years of UPSC Essay Topics. Practicing the UPSC Essay Topics of Previous Years helps throughout the UPSC Mains exam, and the aspirant may ace the essay paper with enough preparation.

UPSC 2022 Mains Essay Question Paper:

The UPSC Essay paper is divided into two portions. Section A and Section B are the two. Each segment has four questions. Candidates must select one topic from each section, resulting in a total of two essay questions.

The word count for each question should be between 1000 and 1200 . Each question is worth 125 marks , thus the total number of marks is 250. The question paper will be evaluated on merit.

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2022 are given below:

1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

4) A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what a ship is for.

1) The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

2) You cannot step twice in the same river.

3) A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

4) Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Aspirants can evaluate and plan their approach for the Civil Services Examination’s Mains level based on the question paper of 2022. UPSC Mains 2022 Essay Paper UPSC Mains 2022 GS Paper 1 UPSC Mains 2022 GS Paper 2 UPSC Mains 2022 GS Paper 3 UPSC Mains 2022 GS Paper 4

UPSC Mains Essay Previous Year Question Paper:

UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2021
UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2020
UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2019
UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2018
UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2017
UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2016

How to Score Marks on UPSC Mains Essay Topics?

Writing provides insight into your cognitive process. This is precisely what the examiner looks at when reading your answer script. An essay is essentially a well-organized collection of ideas on any given topic. Mastering the skill of getting the highest possible grade on a test involves a lot of effort and dedication. The UPSC Mains essay is more than just a test of factual knowledge; it is also a test of creativity and confidence.

Follow these strategies to get high marks in the UPSC Mains Essay paper:

1. Choose your topic carefully

The UPSC Essay paper 2022 is divided into two portions, and applicants must write one essay from each area. Both essays are worth 125 points and are 1000-1200 words long. Before choosing a topic, consider if it is too contentious or whether you have enough facts to write about it.

2. Think about the subject

Once you’ve decided on a topic, think about it and jot down the essential keywords you’ll use in your essay. Try to take a multifaceted approach to the essay and stick to a decent format of introduction, body, and conclusion.

3. Structure the essay in a proper manner

The opening paragraph is the heart of the essay and should provide a clear overview of the issue. The main focus should be on your thoughts on the subject. The primary body of the essay should be broken into little paragraphs that are interconnected nicely. The essay’s wording should be simple, clear, and easy to grasp.

The UPSC Mains essay assesses your critical thinking abilities rather than your use of fancy language. Facts and statistics should be supplied whenever necessary. The use of quotations and sayings strengthens the essays. The final paragraph should speak for itself. Candidates should aim to write the essay in an unbiased or balanced manner.

Economic Growth, women empowerment, art & culture, media & society, social justice or poverty, education, renowned quotes from notable individuals , and other themes are among the UPSC Essay Topics.

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GS Paper 2 UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on September 23, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Most of the questions in GS Paper 2 of UPSC CSE 2022 Mains were strictly based on the UPSC syllabus. Please find the questions in the General Studies Paper 2 (GS2) of UPSC 2022 Civil Services Mains Examination (written).

UPSC conducted the General Studies Paper 2 , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 17-09-2022.

There were 20 questions. 10 questions were 10 marks each, while the remaining 10 questions were 15 marks each.

Table of Contents

GS Paper 2 UPSC 2022: Instructions

Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
There are 20 questions printed both in ENGLISH and HINDI.
All questions are compulsory.
The number of marks carried by a question/part is printed against it.
Answers must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
No marks will be given for answers written in a medium other than the authorized one.
Answers to questions no. 1 to 10 should be in 150 words, whereas answers to questions no. 11 to 20 should be in 250 words.
Keep the word limit indicated in the questions in mind.
Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.
The content of the answer is more important than its length.

General Studies Paper 2 Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2022

Qn1. The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws . (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn2. Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. Comment (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn3. To what extent in your opinion has the decentralisation of power in India changed the governance landscape at the grassroots? (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn4. Discuss the role of the Vice President of India as the chairman of Rajya Sabha. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn5. Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn6.The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn7. The rights of persons with disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitisation of Government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn8. Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has limitations too. Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn9. ‘India is an age-old friend of Sri Lanka’. Discuss India’s role in the recent crisis in Sri Lanka in light of the preceding statement. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

Qn10.Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian Foreign Policy objectives realised by forming this new organisation? (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn11. Discuss the procedures to decide the disputes arising out of the election of a Member of the Parliament or a State Legislature under the Representation of People Act 1951. What are the grounds on which the election of any returned candidate may be declared void? What remedy is available to the aggrieved party against the decision? Refer to the case laws (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn12. Discuss the essential conditions for the exercise of the legislative powers by the Governor. Discuss the legality of re- promulgation of ordinances by the Governor without placing them before the Legislature.

Qn13. “While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of state autonomy.” Comment. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn14. Critically examine the procedures through which the presidents of India and France are elected. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn15. Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn16. Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of society. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn17. Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn18. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting an incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn19. How will I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE and USA) grouping transform India’s position in global politics? (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Qn20. ‘Clean energy is the order of the day’. Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

Question Topics in General Studies Paper 2 (2022 Mains)

1. Constitutionalization of Environmental problems by Supreme Court- with case

2.Right of movement and residence

3.Decentralisation of Power

4.Role of Vice President as Chairman of Rajya Sabha

5. National Commission for Backward Classes

6.Gatishakthi Yojana

7.Person with Disability act 2016

8. Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme

9. India- Srilanka relations

10.BIMSTEC v/s SAARC

11.Election of MP/MLA under ROPA 1951

12.Legislative powers of the Governor

13.National Political Parties and Regional Parties

14.Presidential election of India and France

15. Election Commission and Model Code of Conduct

16.Management of Inflation and Unemployment

17.Donor agencies vs Community participation

18.Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act

19. I2U2 and India’s position

20.Clean Energy initiative Policies of India in International Fora

GS Paper 2 UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper Analysis

General Studies Paper 2 was a perfect mix of Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations – as mentioned in the UPSC Syllabus.

Many questions like those on National Commission for Backward Classes, Legislative Powers of Governor, Role of Vice President as Chairman of Rajya Sabha, and Decentralisation of Power were very typical and with the exact keywords mentioned in the UPSC CSE (Mains) Syllabus.

Apart from I2U2, Gatishakthi Yojana and the question on President and Vice President, none of the other questions can be considered to have a direct connection with current affairs of the last 1 year. However, knowledge of current affairs in the span of the last 10 years could have added value to some of the other answers.

Rather than about the mandate of the Election Commission UPSC asked about of Relation between the Election Commission and the Model Code of Conduct.

Overall we rate the quality of the questions as good. Most serious aspirants should find the paper moderate.

The questions adequately tested the understanding of future civil servants in the areas of Constitution, Polity, Governance, Social Justice and International relations.

Important Take-Aways from the GS Paper 2 UPSC 2022 (Mains) – Question Paper

All subjects mentioned in the UPSC syllabus were covered.

Those aspirants who prepared self-notes based on topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus should have found this year’s GS 2 paper quite easy. This is something that we strongly recommend – even for aspirants who attend full-fledged ClearIAS online lectures.

Most of the questions were from expected areas.

No need to give undue importance to the last 1-year of current affairs eclipsing the time and effort to learn static areas. An overall idea about the events of national and international importance should be enough.

However, candidates should have a good understanding of contemporary events (in a span of the last 10 years).

The areas which a civil servant should address once he is in services like Decentralisation of Power, Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme and Management of Inflation and Unemployment should be studied in depth.

Mains 2021 vs Mains 2022: Comparison of General Studies Paper 2 Question Topics

What do you think of this year’s General Studies Paper 2 questions? What are your comments about this paper?

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UPSC Previous Year Question Paper: PDF Download for Prelims and Mains Examination

Upsc previous year question paper provides insights into exam patterns, mark distribution, and duration of exam. get the question paper pdf download link on this page and identify important topics. check the difficulty level, benefits of solving and other details here. download upsc previous year question papers pdf for the past 10 year..

UPSC Question Papers: The previous year papers are pivotal in improving your preparation level. There are various benefits of practicing previous year's question paper, including familiarity with the difficulty level, nature and level of questions asked, and important topics which have been repeatedly asked over the past years as well as checking where your preparation stands.

UPSC Previous Year Question Papers PDF

Solving the UPSC question paper pdf help candidates to prepare the strategy based on the latest trend, curriculum, and actual exam format also helps in understanding the difficulty level and topics from which questions are often asked in the exam.

UPSC Prelims Previous Year Question Papers with Answers

Upsc mains previous year question papers with answers, benefits of solving upsc previous year question papers.

Practicing previous years' question papers will provide insights into the actual exam structure, difficulty level, exam trends over the years, the standard of questions that will be asked, etc.
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Practicing previous year's papers will increase your speed of solving questions and help you to manage your time effectively.
Previous year papers are one of the reliable resources to revise the entire syllabus and retain concepts for a long time.

How to Attempt UPSC Question Paper 2023?

The best method of solving the previous year's question paper for the UPSC exam is to set a countdown timer and solve all the questions in that time period. To begin with, one should first download and take the printout of the UPSC previous question paper and then set an online timer to attempt the papers in a timed environment.

UPSC Previous Year Question Papers Analysis

Upsc question paper pattern.

The prelims exam shall comprise two compulsory papers of 200 marks each.
Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple choice questions) and each will be of two hours duration.
The General Studies Paper-II of prelims will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33%.
The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.

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Is the UPSC exam tough? + After checking the past trends and difficulty level of the UPSC examination, the prelims exam has been found to be moderate. However, candidates should use the right preparation approach to ace the exam.
How to approach solving UPSC previous year's question paper? + The best approach to practice the previous year's question paper for the UPSC exam is to set a countdown timer and solve all the questions in that time frame. Download and print the previous papers from the link shared above and start attempting questions at the specified time.
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1 June 2024: PIB Summary for UPSC

01 June 2024 PIB Download PDF Here

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.INDIAN NAVAL SHIP SHIVALIK

Syllabus: GS-2, International Relations

Prelims: Japan-India Maritime Exercise (JIMEX 24) and the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC 24)

The Indian Naval Ship (INS) Shivalik, a part of India’s naval fleet, has recently departed from Singapore for further deployment to Yokosuka, Japan.
This mission involves participation in two significant naval exercises: Japan-India Maritime Exercise (JIMEX 24) and the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC 24).
The deployment aims to bolster maritime cooperation and enhance interoperability with other participating navies, particularly the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) and the US Navy.

INS Shivalik’s Departure and Mission Objectives

Departure from Singapore: INS Shivalik departed Singapore on 30 May 2024, heading towards Yokosuka, Japan.
Naval Exercises Participation: The ship is set to participate in JIMEX 24 and RIMPAC 24, key naval exercises that promote international maritime cooperation.
Mission Deployment: The deployment covers the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean, highlighting India’s strategic interest in these regions.

Activities in Singapore

Official Engagements:

Call on Base Commander: Meeting with the Base Commander at Changi Naval Base.
Wreath Laying Ceremony: Tribute at the Kranji War Memorial.
High-Level Visits: Meetings with the High Commissioner of India to Singapore and cross-deck visits with the USS Mobile (LCS).

Community and Diplomacy:

School Visits: Around 80 school children visited the ship, fostering community engagement.
Diplomatic Visits: Visits by the Indian and Australian High Commissioners onboard, reflecting strong diplomatic ties.

Participation in JIMEX 24 and RIMPAC 24

JIMEX 24: Bilateral exercise between India and Japan focusing on enhancing interoperability and maritime security.
RIMPAC 24: The world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise, involving multiple countries to promote stability and security in the Pacific region.
Geopolitical Tensions: The deployment in the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean comes amid ongoing territorial disputes and regional power dynamics.
Operational Challenges: Ensuring seamless interoperability with different navies, each with unique operational protocols and equipment.

Significance

Strategic Presence: Demonstrates India’s strategic presence and commitment to maintaining security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region.
Maritime Cooperation: Enhances bilateral and multilateral maritime cooperation, crucial for addressing common security challenges such as piracy and maritime terrorism.
Diplomatic Relations: Strengthens diplomatic ties with participating countries, reinforcing India’s role as a key player in regional security frameworks

2.Gross GST revenue collection

Syllabus: GS-3, Economy

Prelims: GST trends

The gross Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenue collection in India for May 2024 stands at ₹1.73 lakh crore, marking a significant 10% year-on-year (y-o-y) growth.
This increase is driven by a substantial rise in domestic transactions and a slowing of imports.
The total gross GST revenue for the fiscal year 2024-25 up to May 2024 is ₹3.83 lakh crore, reflecting an 11.3% y-o-y growth.

GST Revenue Collection in May 2024

Gross Revenue: ₹1.73 lakh crore
CGST: ₹32,409 crore
SGST: ₹40,265 crore
IGST: ₹87,781 crore (including ₹39,879 crore on imports)
Cess: ₹12,284 crore (including ₹1,076 crore on imports)
Net Revenue (after refunds): ₹1.44 lakh crore
Growth: 10% y-o-y overall, 15.3% in domestic transactions, -4.3% in imports

GST Revenue Collection in FY 2024-25 (till May 2024)

Gross Revenue: ₹3.83 lakh crore
CGST: ₹76,255 crore
SGST: ₹93,804 crore
IGST: ₹1,87,404 crore (including ₹77,706 crore on imports)
Cess: ₹25,544 crore (including ₹2,084 crore on imports)
Net Revenue (after refunds): ₹3.36 lakh crore
Growth: 11.3% y-o-y overall, 14.2% in domestic transactions, 1.4% in imports
High Dependence on Domestic Transactions: The significant growth in GST collections is primarily driven by domestic transactions, which could indicate vulnerability if domestic economic activity slows.
Decline in Imports: A 4.3% decrease in imports contributing to GST revenue could impact overall revenue if not counterbalanced by domestic growth.
Complex Settlement Process: The need for substantial inter-governmental settlements highlights the complexity of the GST revenue distribution mechanism.
Economic Indicator: The growth in GST collections serves as a positive indicator of economic activity and consumer spending in India.
Revenue for Government: Higher GST collections provide the government with increased fiscal space for developmental and welfare programs.
Policy Efficacy: Reflects the effectiveness of tax administration and compliance measures implemented by the government

Read previous PIB articles here .

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UPSC Prelims admit card: Check last 10 years' hall ticket release date for CSE

UPSC Prelims admit card: Check last 10 years' hall ticket release date for CSE

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UPSC Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) will soon release the admit cards for its Civil Services preliminary exam 2024. Once released, candidates who have applied can download the admit card from the official website – upsc.gov.in.

The eligible candidates will be issued an e-admit card on the last working day of the preceding week of the date of examination, i.e., by June 8, the UPSC said while releasing the notification for CSE 2024. This year, UPSC Civil Services Prelims 2024 was earlier scheduled for May 26, but was then rescheduled to June 16. The decision to revise the exam timetable was taken after the Election Commission announced the schedule of election to the 18th Lok Sabha in April – June 2024.

Following this, the mains exam will be held in from September 20 for five days. This year, the commission has notified a total of 1,056 vacancies for CSE and 150 for IFoS.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: Things banned in the UPSC exam hall

The use of any mobile phone (even in switched off mode), pager or any electronic equipment or programmable device or storage media like pen drive, smart watches etc. or camera or blue tooth devices or any other equipment or related accessories either in working or switched off mode capable of being used as a communication device during the examination is strictly prohibited. Any infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary action including ban from future examinations

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: When is exam date?

This year, UPSC Civil Services Prelims 2024 was earlier scheduled for May 26, but was then rescheduled to June 16. The decision to revise the exam timetable was taken after the Election Commission announced the schedule of election to the 18th Lok Sabha in April – June 2024.

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The UPSC prelims GS paper and CSAT will be held in two shifts on the same day. While the morning shift for the GS paper 1 will be held from 9:30 am to 11:30 am, the afternoon shift for GS paper 2 (CSAT) will be conducted between 2:30 pm and 4:30 pm.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: Number of attempts

Every eligible candidate can take as many as six attempts to clear the UPSC exam. However, candidates belonging to the OBC and PwBD categories will get nine attempts. There also exists relaxation in the number of attempts for the candidates belonging to SC and ST categories.

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In case of any guidance, information or clarification regarding their applications, candidature or admit card, candidates can contact UPSC’s Facilitation Counter near gate ‘C’ of its campus in person or over telephone numbers - 011-23385271, 011-23381125, 011 23098543 on working days between 10 am and 5 pm.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: UPSC CSE prelims exam pattern

- The UPSC CSE prelims exam will comprise of two compulsory papers of 200 marks each

- Both the question papers will be of the objective type multiple choice questions and each will be of two hours duration

- The General Studies paper-2 of the civil services (preliminary) examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33 per cent

- The UPSC CSE 2024 question papers will be set both in Hindi and English

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: Will there be negative marking in UPSC CSE 2024 prelims?

There will be negative marking for incorrect answers in UPSC CSE 2024 prelims as detailed below:

(i) There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.

(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of the given answers happen to be correct and there will be same penalty as above for that question.

(iii) If a question is left blank i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Official websites to download UPSC CSE prelims admit card

- upsc.gov.in

- upsconline.nic.in

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Exam pattern

The UPSC Civil Services preliminary examination will consist of two papers of objective type (multiple choice questions) and carry a maximum of 400 marks in the subjects set out in sub-section (A) of Section 2. This examination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admission to the civil services main examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit. The number of candidates to be admitted to the civil services (main) examination will be about 12 to 13 times the total approximate number of vacancies to be filled in the year through this examination. Only those candidates who are declared by the Commission to have qualified in the civil services (preliminary) examination in the year will be eligible for admission to the civil services (main) examination of that year provided they are otherwise eligible for admission to the Civil Services (Main) Examination.

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If a candidate does not receive his/ her UPSC CSE admit card or any other communication regarding his/her candidature for the examination on the last working day of the preceding week of the date of examination, he/she should at once contact the commission.

Information in this regard can also be obtained from the facilitation counter located in the commission’s office either in person or over phone numbers - 011-23381125, 011- 23385271 or 011-23098543. In case no communication is received in the Commission's Office from the candidate regarding non-receipt of his/her UPSC CSE prelims admit card at least three days before the commencement of the examination, he/she himself/herself will be solely responsible for the non-receipt of his/her UPSC CSE admit card. No candidate will ordinarily be allowed to take the examination unless he/she holds the UPSC admit card for the preliminary examination. On downloading of the e-admit card, check it carefully and bring discrepancies/errors, if any, to the notice of UPSC immediately.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: What UPSC says about admit card date?

The eligible candidates will be issued an e-admit card on the last working day of the preceding week of the date of examination, the UPSC said while releasing the notification for CSE 2024. The e-admit card will be made available in the UPSC website -- upsc.gov.in and upsconline.nic.in for downloading by candidates. No UPSC CSE prelims admit card will be sent by post.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: When is UPSC CSE prelims date?

The UPSC CSE prelims 2024 exam will be held on June 16. The exam will be held in two shifts -- shift 1 in the morning and shift 2 in the afternoon.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Where can candidates download UPSC CSE (P) admit card?

The UPSC CSE prelims admit card can be downloaded from the official website - upsc.gov.in.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: How to check admit cards

Step 1: Visit the official website – upsc.gov.in.

Step 2: Click on the UPSC Prelims admit card link on the home page.

Step 3: Enter your details like the roll number or registration ID and and Date of Birth.

Step 4: The admit card will appear on the screen.

Step 5: Save the admit card for future reference.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: How many attempts do I have for UPSC?

Every eligible candidate can take as many as six attempts to clear the UPSC exam. However, candidates belonging to the OBC and PwBD categories will get nine attempts.

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: What after UPSC June 2024 Prelims?

The students who qualify the UPSC June Prelims will be eligible for Mains exams. The CSE Mains exam will be followed by an interview round for the selection of candidates for the various services and posts.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: When is Mains 2024?

UPSC CSE Main will be descriptive and will be conducted from September 20 for five days.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: Decline in number of vacancies this year

In 2022, the UPSC had announced 1,011 vacancies. Take a look at how many vacancies were announced in the past few years:

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Why was exam date changed?

The UPSC CSE 2024 prelims exam was set to be held on May 26. However, the exam date was later changed to June 16 due to the ongoing Lok Sabha elections.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: UPSC notifies 1,056 posts for Civil Services

This year, the commission has notified a total of 1,056 vacancies for CSE and 150 for IFoS.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: What after Prelims exam?

Candidates scoring above the cut-off marks will become eligible to register for the UPSC IAS Main examination.

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Three stages of UPSC

The UPSC CSE exam is held in three stages — prelims, mains and the personality test. UPSC CSE preliminary exam will consist of objective-type questions.

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Check age eligibility

To be eligible for the exam, a candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have attained the age of 32 years on the 1st of August, 2024 i.e., the candidate must have been born not earlier than August 2, 1992 and not later than August 1, 2003, the Commission said while releasing the CSE notification.

In other news - New IIM announced in Assam

The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma, today announced establishment of a new IIM in the the state of Assam. As per the announcement made through his official X (formerly known as Twitter), a new Indian Institute of Management (IIM) will be established near Guwahati -- at Marabhita in Kamrup District.

UPSC CSE Prelims Hall Ticket Live Updates: How to download UPSC admit cards

Step 1: Visit the official website – upsc.gov.in.

Step 4: Save the admit card for future reference.

UPSC Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: Website to check hall ticket

Once released, the UPSC admit cards will be available at the official website -- upsc.gov.in

UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: When is hall ticket releasing?

UPSC Civil Services hall tickets for June Prelims 2024 to release anytime now. However, the official release date of hall tickets has not been released eyt by UPSC.

UPSC Civil Services Prelims Live Updates: In the UPSC 2023 results, Aditya Srivastava and Animesh Pradhan have scored AIR 1 and 2 respectively, followed by Donuru Ananya Reddy at the third spot. An alumnus of IIT-Kanpur, Srivastava got the top rank with electrical engineering as his optional subject.

The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards.
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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 30 May 2024

InstaLinks : Insta Links help you think beyond the current affairs issue and help you think multidimensionally to develop depth in your understanding of these issues. These linkages provided in this ‘hint’ format help you frame possible questions in your mind that might arise(or an examiner might imagine) from each current event. InstaLinks also connect every issue to their static or theoretical background.

Table of Contents:

GS Paper 3:

Rising Heat Stress and its Mitigation

Major radhika sen, facts for prelims (ffp), volcanoes on venus: fresh lava flows detected, health for all mandate of who, golden rice, stellaria mcclintockiae, astronomical transients (2024 shaw prize for astronomy), cybercrimes from southeast asia, indian naval ships conclude south china sea deployment, campi flegrei (italy).

Syllabus: Diaster management/ Geography

Context: Rising temperatures in urban India are not solely due to climate change but also a result of increased concretization and urban sprawl, contributing to severe heat stress.

India’s major cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, Kolkata, and Hyderabad, are facing worsening heat stress due to rising relative humidity over the past two decades and increasing Urban Heat Island Effect , according to a study by the Centre for Science and Environment .

What is Heat stress ?

It occurs when the body cannot effectively release excess heat , leading to a rise in core temperature and increased heart rate. It’s a physiological strain experienced in high-temperature environments. Causes include high ambient temperatures, humidity, physical exertion, inadequate hydration, and poor ventilation. Symptoms include difficulty concentrating, irritability, sickness, and loss of thirst, progressing to fainting and potentially death if not cooled down.

What other factors exacerbate Heat Stress?

In major Indian cities, heat stress is exacerbated by factors such as air and land surface temperature, relative humidity, and rapid urbanization with increased concretization. Climate change has worsened heat waves by raising temperatures and humidity levels . Additionally, changes in land use and urban sprawl contribute to the “ urban heat island effect,” trapping heat in city centres. This poses a significant risk to vulnerable groups like the elderly, infants, pregnant women, slum dwellers, and outdoor workers.

According to the World Health Organisation heat stress linked to climate change is likely to cause 38,000 extra deaths a year worldwide between 2030 and 2050.

What is the Urban Heat Island Effect ?

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect describes urban areas experiencing higher temperatures than rural surroundings due to human activities and urban characteristics. Causes include surface materials like asphalt and concrete, heat from industrial processes and vehicles, reduced vegetation, building density, and waste heat.

Impact of heat stress/heat waves:

On Human Health:
Heat-related illnesses : Heat waves can cause heat exhaustion, heat cramps, and heatstroke, which can lead to dehydration, fatigue, and even death.
Exacerbation of existing conditions : People with existing health conditions such as respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases are more vulnerable during heat waves.
Mental health : Heat waves can also impact mental health, causing stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues.
Affected Regions : Southern Asia and western Africa are expected to be the hardest hit, with approximately 5% of working hours lost by 2030. India could lose 5.8% of its working hours , affecting 34 million jobs, mainly in agriculture and construction.
Social Consequences: Heat stress may deepen inequality between low and high-income countries, worsen conditions for vulnerable workers, and lead to increased migration as people seek better opportunities, impacting both men and women in agriculture and construction.
On Environment:
Water resources : Heat waves can lead to droughts, reducing the availability of water resources for agriculture and domestic use.
Wildlife : Heat waves can impact wildlife, leading to habitat loss and increased mortality rates.
Air quality : Heat waves can worsen air quality, leading to respiratory issues and other health problems.
On Economy:
Economic Loss: Heat stress may cost the global economy $2.4 trillion annually, with a projected 2% loss in total working hours worldwide.
Affected Sectors : Agriculture, particularly for women, and construction will suffer the most, with an estimated 60% and 19% loss in working hours by 2030, respectively.
Agriculture : Heat waves can impact crop yields and agricultural productivity, leading to economic losses for farmers and the agricultural industry.
Energy consumption : Heat waves can lead to increased energy consumption as people use more air conditioning and other cooling systems.
Tourism : Heat waves can impact the tourism industry, leading to decreased revenues for businesses that rely on tourism.

Measures Already Taken:

National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC ): Includes 8 national missions focusing on various aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
India Cooling Action Plan (ICAP): Aims to reduce cooling demand by 20-25% and refrigeration demand by 25-30% by 2037.
NDMA Guidelines : Comprehensive guidelines issued in 2016 by the National Disaster Management Authority for mitigating the impact of heatwaves.
State and City Level : Many state governments and city administrations have taken measures such as opening cooling shelters, distributing free drinking water, and implementing heat wave warning systems.
Civil Society Organizations (CSOs ) : Several CSOs are working to raise awareness about the impacts of heat waves and provide support to vulnerable communities.

Measures that Need to be Taken:

Heatwave preparedness : There is a need for increased heat-wave preparedness, including the development of early warning systems and emergency response plans. g. Heatwave early warning systems
Urban planning : Urban planning should focus on designing cities that are more resilient to heat waves, such as increasing green cover and promoting the use of reflective materials. e.g. urban heat wave preparedness plans
Sustainable agriculture : There is a need for sustainable agricultural practices that are more resilient to heat waves, such as crop diversification and better water management.
Community engagement : There is a need for community engagement and awareness-raising activities to ensure that vulnerable populations are aware of the risks of heat waves and can take necessary precautions.
Green infrastructure : India can promote the use of green infrastructure, such as green roofs and urban green spaces , green transport which can help to reduce the heat island effect in cities and lower temperatures.
Climate resilient infrastructure : E.g. heat-resistant buildings and water conservation measures
Policies and Guidelines : Develop weather variability and urban heat management policies.
Public Awareness : Educate people about heatwave risks and reducing carbon footprint.
Agricultural Adaptation : Support farmers with resilient farming practices
Disaster Management : Develop emergency response plans and cool shelters.
Short-term Measures : Establish an early warning system and integrate it with public health services.
Long-term Measures : Implement structural infrastructure changes for heat adaptation.

Conclusion :

Heat waves are a serious threat to human health, the environment, and the economy. While some measures have already been taken to mitigate their impacts, more needs to be done to ensure that vulnerable populations are protected and that the country is better prepared for future heat waves.

What is a Heatwave?

The IMD says a heatwave is considered when the maximum temperature of a station touches at least 40 degrees Celsius or more for plains, 37 degrees Celsius or more for coastal regions and at least 30 degrees Celsius or more for hilly regions. A ‘Heatwave’ is declared when the departure from normal temperature is by 4.5 to 6.4 degrees Celsius and a ‘severe heatwave’ is when the departure from normal is more than 6.4 degrees Celsius .

Insta Links:

Heat stroke

Mains Links:

Q: Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world.

Context: Major Radhika Sen, an Indian military peacekeeper serving with the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, will receive the 2023 United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award .

Her Contributions:

She led efforts to engage with conflict-affected communities , particularly women and girls, in North Kivu. Her dedication and leadership exemplify the principles of UN Security Council resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security . Major Sen facilitated community alert networks, provided education and vocational training, and advocated for women’s rights. She becomes the second Indian peacekeeper to receive this prestigious award.

About the Award:

The UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award , established by the Office of Military Affairs in the Department for Peace Operations, honours a military peacekeeper who has effectively integrated a gender perspective into peacekeeping activities . Awardees are selected from nominees recommended by Force Commanders and Heads of Mission across all peace operations. The award acknowledges individuals’ commitment to promoting the principles of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security .

Context: Radar footage has revealed fresh lava flows on Venus , indicating active volcanoes.

Researchers from Italy’s International Research School of Planetary Sciences compared recent images with those from the 1990-1992 Magellan spacecraft , confirming new rock formations. These findings suggest Venus is more volcanic than previously thought , with active flows identified in the regions of Sif Mons and Niobe Planitia .

About Magellan Mission

Launched by NASA in 1989 , the Magellan mission was the first spacecraft to image the entire surface of Venus. It used Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to create high-resolution maps, revealing signs of volcanism, tectonic activity, and turbulent surface winds on Venus.

Source: WHO

Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) launched its inaugural Investment Round to revamp its funding model in the face of global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and geopolitical instability.

What is Health For All?

The concept of “Health for All” originated from the Alma-Ata Declaration of 1978 by WHO, emphasizing Primary Health Care . The Investment Round, targeting the next four years (2025-2028), aims to raise $7 billion to bolster countries’ capacity to address health challenges.

The initiative, introduced ahead of the Seventy-Seventh World Health Assembly , aims to secure flexible, predictable, and resilient funding for WHO’s strategy from 2025 to 2028. Brazil, France, Germany, Norway, and Qatar have pledged their support, with Brazil set to host a major pledging event in November.

Funding for WHO :

WHO’s funding primarily comes from two sources : assessed contributions , which are dues paid by member countries based on a percentage of their GDP , and voluntary contributions from members or other partners. These voluntary contributions include core and specified funds. However, challenges persist as assessed contributions cover less than 20% of the total budget , and there are instances of funding withdrawal, such as the temporary suspension by the US.

About WHO :

The World Health Organization (WHO), established in 1948, is the specialized health agency of the United Nations . Based in Geneva, Switzerland, it operates with 194 Member States, 150 country offices, and six regional offices. Working closely with member states, typically through Ministries of Health , WHO leads global health initiatives, sets standards, conducts research, and offers technical support. Its responsibilities include shaping health policy, advocating evidence-based practices , and monitoring health trends. W orld Health Day , celebrated annually on April 7th , marks the organization’s founding date.

Source: DTE

Context: The Philippine Court of Appeals recently revoked biosafety permits for the commercial production of genetically modified golden rice and Bt eggplant . The court cited the government’s failure to establish safety monitoring mechanisms .

About Golden Rice :

Golden Rice (approved for commercial production in 2021) is genetically engineered to contain beta carotene , giving it a yellow-orange colour. Unlike ordinary rice, which does not have beta carotene in its grain, Golden Rice’s beta carotene is identical to that found in vegetables and fruits. It does not require special cultivation practices and has the same yield and taste as regular rice . This rice is a valuable tool in combating Vitamin A deficiency , which is crucial for growth, immune health, and vision.

Context: A new plant species, Stellaria mcclintockiae, was discovered in Kerala’s Nelliyampathy hills and named after Nobel laureate Barbara McClintock ( e for her discovery of Jumping Genes. This is the first Stellaria species reported from South India. The annual herb, found at elevations of 1,250-1,400 meters, has unique petals, pollen, bracts, sepals, and seeds.

About Jumping Genes

Jumping genes, or transposable elements, are DNA sequences that move within the genome, activating or deactivating nearby genes. They can replicate and insert copies at new locations, causing genetic mutations and contributing to genome evolution.

Context: Shrinivas Kulkarni has won the 2024 Shaw Prize for Astronomy for his studies of astronomical transients.

His contributions:

Recognized for pioneering research on millisecond pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, and other transient astronomical objects. He led the development of the Palomar Transient Factory and Zwicky Transient Facility, transforming our comprehension of the time-variable optical sky.

About Astronomical Transients

Astronomical transients are celestial objects that undergo rapid changes in brightness, often associated with violent space events. Astronomers study them to understand their origins and mechanisms, providing insights into stable astronomical phenomena.

Supernovae : Explosions resulting from large stars exhausting fusionable elements, sometimes outshining entire galaxies due to their intense brightness.
Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN): Supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies actively consume matter, causing fluctuations in brightness.
Fast Radio Burst (FRB): Discovered in 2007, emitting energy exceeding ten times that of the sun in milliseconds.

About the Prize:

Founded by Mr. Run Run Shaw in 2002 , the Shaw Prize celebrates outstanding achievements in astronomy, life science and medicine , and mathematical sciences . Each year, the Prize honours individuals who have made significant contributions to their fields, promoting excellence and societal progress.

Context: Criminals based in Southeast Asia, particularly in Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia , are orchestrating online scams that have caught a significant number of Indians.

According to the Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C), 46% of reported frauds from January to April, amounting to a staggering Rs 1,776 crore in losses , originated in these countries.

Types of Crimes:

Context: Indian Navy ships INS Delhi, INS Shakti, and INS Kiltan completed their operational deployment to the South China Sea, visiting Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Brunei.

This deployment underscores India’s expanding maritime engagement in Southeast Asia , focusing on cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. The visit included exchanges, exercises, and community outreach programs aimed at enhancing naval cooperation and interoperability.

About INS Kiltan:

INS Kiltan, a state-of-the-art indigenous warship, is on the brink of being commissioned into the Indian Navy. It represents the third vessel in the Kamorta-class corvettes constructed under Project 28 . It is named after an island in the strategically significant Lakshadweep and Minicoy group.

Source: Yahoo News

Context: Recently, a 4.4 magnitude earthquake struck Italy’s Campi Flegrei supervolcano region , causing mild damage in Pozzuoli and Naples. This quake, part of a recent “seismic storm,” occurred at a depth of three kilometres.

What is Campi Flegrei?

Campi Flegrei (Phlegrean Fields) is an active volcanic area near Naples, Italy, known for its complex volcanic system rather than a single volcano. The region’s caldera, formed 39,000 years ago, spans 12-15 km in diameter , with one-third under the Tyrrhenian Sea . It is the largest active caldera in Europe and more active than nearby Mount Vesuvius . Campi Flegrei has been restless since 1950 due to bradyseism , a phenomenon involving surface movement from underground magma chamber activity. Its last eruption in 1538 created Monte Nuovo.

About Italy :

Italy, a European country with a long Mediterranean coastline , has its capital, Rome , and is home to the Vatican as well as landmark art and ancient ruins.

Italy has many volcanoes because it is located on a tectonic plate boundary where the African Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate . This geological activity creates conditions favourable for volcanic activity, leading to the formation of several active and dormant volcanoes.

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Paper - II (Procedure and Practice, Category X) (For Year - 2019 - 2020) Paper - III Noting and Drafting, Precis Writing (For Year - 2019 - 2020) Year: 2022. Indian Forest Service (Main) Examination, 2022. Agricultural Engineering Paper - I. Agricultural Engineering Paper - II. Agriculture Paper - I.
Model Essays
UPSC Calendar 2025 Final Result ... Previous Years Papers. GS Paper-I (Year Wise) GS Paper-I (Subject Wise) CSAT. CSAT Strategy; CSAT MCQs; Previous Years Papers; Prelims Special. PT Sprint. 2024; 2023; 2022; Sambhav. 2024; 2023; 60 Steps To Prelims; Prelims Refresher Programme 2020; UPSC CSE Results; Practice Quiz.
Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Essay Paper, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022. There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).
UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2022 [GS Paper I and II]
Download UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2022 (General Studies Paper 1 and Paper 2) as PDF. Read to know more about the Civil Services Examination 2022. Union Public Service Commission conducted the Civil Services Examination (CSE) 2022 on June 05, 2022. General Studies Paper 1 Exam Timings: 9.30 AM - 11.30 AM. General Studies Paper 2 Exam ...
(Download) UPSC IAS Mains Essay Exam Question Paper
DOWNLOAD UPSC MAINS ESSAY (Compulsory) PAPERS PDF Section-B Section-B (125 marks)- Choose any one Essay Q-1.The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. Q-2.You cannot step twice in the same river. Q-3.A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities. Q-4.Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.
[ Question Paper ]
We hope you did well in today's Paper-1 of UPSC IAS civil services prelims exam - 2022. We hope you will do well in CSAT too. Wish you all the best! Click the Link Below: UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2022 GS paper 1 SET - A . Download CSAT Paper HERE
[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM ...
[UPSC Mains 2022] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2022 SECTION A 1) Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence. 2) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. 3) History is a series of victorious won by the scientific man over the romantic man. 4) A ship in harbor is…
Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2022
Name of Examination: Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2022. Date of Notification. 02/02/2022. Date of Commencement of Examination. 05/06/2022. Duration of Examination. One Day. Last Date for Receipt of Applications. 22/02/2022 - 6:00pm.
Essay Writing for Civil Services Examination
Essay writing for CSE. For the CSE essay paper, two essays have to be written under 3 hours in the 1000-1200 word limit. Each essay carries 125 marks for a total of 250. The essay paper is divided into two sections - A and B, each carrying a choice of 4 essays each, and the aspirant has to choose only one essay from each section.
UPSC IAS Mains 2022
UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Examinations have started with the essay paper. After the completion of the examination in the first session, UPSC IAS Mains 2022 Essay Question Paper is out. If you are preparing for the 2023 examination, you can go through the question paper and check the type of topics that are being asked.
UPSC Civil Services Mains 2022 Essay Paper
The UPSC mains exam started on September 16, 2022, and will be held on 17, 18, 24, and 25, 2022, at various locations around the country. GeeksforGeeks have brought the UPSC Mains Essay Paper 2022 to make your exam preparation perfect. The highest score in the Mains Written level is crucial since 7 out of 9 papers are counted for merit ranking.
GS Paper 2 UPSC 2022 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis
Please find the questions in the General Studies Paper 2 (GS2) of UPSC 2022 Civil Services Mains Examination (written). UPSC conducted the General Studies Paper 2, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2022 on 17-09-2022. There were 20 questions. 10 questions were 10 marks each, while the remaining 10 questions were 15 marks each.
UPSC Previous Year Question Paper: PDF Download for Prelims and Mains
UPSC Previous Year Question Paper: Get UPSC previous year question papers PDF with the solutions here for the past 10 years (2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, and more)
PIB Summary & Analysis for UPSC IAS Exam for 1st June 2024
Context: The gross Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenue collection in India for May 2024 stands at ₹1.73 lakh crore, marking a significant 10% year-on-year (y-o-y) growth. This increase is driven by a substantial rise in domestic transactions and a slowing of imports. The total gross GST revenue for the fiscal year 2024-25 up to May 2024 is ...
UPSC Prelims admit card: Check last 10 years' hall ticket release date
2024. Expected today. June 16, 2024. Steps to Download UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Online. Step 1: Go to the UPSC official website at upsconline.nic.in. Step 2: Click on the "Admit Cards" tab ...
[ General Studies Paper
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Insights Ias
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Previous Year Question Papers
Previous Year Question Papers. Apply. Year: 2022. Central Armed Police Forces (ACs) Examination, 2022. General Studies and Intelligence. General Studies, Essay and Comprehension. Combined Medical Services Examination, 2022. General Medicine and Pediatrics. Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Preventive and Social Medicine.
UPSC CSE Prelims Admit Card 2024 Live Updates: How to download UPSC
- The General Studies paper-2 of the civil services (preliminary) examination will be a qualifying paper with minimum qualifying marks fixed at 33 per cent - The UPSC CSE 2024 question papers will be set both in Hindi and English. 12:32 (IST) ... In 2022, the UPSC had announced 1,011 vacancies. Take a look at how many vacancies were announced ...
UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS
Economic Loss: Heat stress may cost the global economy $2.4 trillion annually, with a projected 2% loss in total working hours worldwide. Affected Sectors: Agriculture, particularly for women, and construction will suffer the most, with an estimated 60% and 19% loss in working hours by 2030, respectively. Agriculture: Heat waves can impact crop ...