mathematics education research journal

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What is Empirical Research?

Some projects and assignments require you to locate "empirical research" (e.g. m.ed. capstone).

We construe the term “empirical educational research” broadly to include experimental and quasi-experimental quantitative studies, qualitative studies of various kinds, and design experiments.  To be classified as “empirical,” a study must make use of data/evidence from observation or experiment.  To be “research,” the data must be gathered and analyzed systematically.  Empirical educational research is reported in peer-reviewed journals after being thoroughly vetted by others engaged in similar inquiry.

Be wary of individual teachers’ anecdotal reports of “I taught it this way,” usually found in practitioner’s journals and magazines.  These personal descriptions of and reflection on practice are not the same as systematic case studies.  Your goal is to determine what research-based knowledge is available to inform the thinking of teachers as they take on the selected subject matter.  Keep your eye on research journals (especially those listed on this page).  Occasionally there are useful empirical reports in practitioners’ journals, but that is less likely.

Journals Featuring Empirical Mathematics Education Research

• Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics, and Technology Education Journal
• Educational Studies in Mathematics
• Investigations in Mathematics Learning
• Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
• Journal of Mathematical Behavior
• Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College
• Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education
• Journal of Urban Mathematics Education
• Mathematical Thinking & Learning
• Teaching for Excellence and Equity in Mathematics
• ZDM = International reviews on mathematical education

Journals Focusing on Teaching, Teachers, and Practitioner Knowledge

• For the Learning of Mathematics
• Mathematics Enthusiast
• Mathematics Teacher (1908-2020) Merged & renamed in 2020: Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12
• Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12 (2020-) MTLT reflects the current practices of mathematics education, as well as maintaining a knowledge base of practice and policy in looking at the future of the field. Content is aimed at preschool to 12th grade with peer-reviewed and invited articles. (Formerly, Mathematics Teacher & Mathematics Teaching in Middle School. Journals merged in 2020)
• Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School (1994-2019) Merged & renamed in 2020: Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12
• NCSM Journal of Mathematics Education Leadership Issues from Fall/Winter 2004 to the present are available online.

Teacher Education & Other Education Journals

• American Educational Research Journal
• Cognition & Instruction
• Educational Researcher
• Educational Theory
• Equity and Excellence in Education
• Journal of Curriculum Studies
• Journal of Teacher Education
• Journal of the Learning Sciences
• Teacher Education Quarterly
• Teachers College Record
• Teaching and Teacher Education
• Theory Into Practice
• Urban Education
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• Last Updated: Aug 3, 2023 3:04 PM
• URL: https://researchguides.library.vanderbilt.edu/mathed

Mathematics Education Research Journal

Subject Area and Category

• Mathematics (miscellaneous)

Springer Netherlands

Publication type

10332170, 2211050X

Information

How to publish in this journal

The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scientific influence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scientific influence of the average article in a journal, it expresses how central to the global scientific discussion an average article of the journal is.

Evolution of the number of published documents. All types of documents are considered, including citable and non citable documents.

This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year. The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. Journal Self-citation is defined as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

Evolution of the percentage of female authors.

Evolution of the number of documents cited by public policy documents according to Overton database.

Evoution of the number of documents related to Sustainable Development Goals defined by United Nations. Available from 2018 onwards.

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Mathematics Education, Science and ICT

• Educational Studies in Mathematics
• Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 
• Journal of Research in Mathematics Education
• Research in Mathematics Education
• Nordic Studies in Mathematics Education - Nordisk Matematikkdidaktikk, NOMAD
• Digital Experiences in Mathematics Education
• European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 
• Journal of Mathematical Behavior
• Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik-ZDM
• Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education
• For the Learning of Mathematics
• Philosophy of Mathematics Education Journal
• International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning
• Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 
• International Journal of Science Education
• Mathematical Thinking and Learning
• Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
• Grounded Theory Review-An international interdisciplinary journal

Education and Research

• Education Sciences 
• Educational Research
• American Educational Research Journal
• Educational Research and Evaluation
• British Journal of Educational Research
• Oxford Review of Education
• The Journal of Educational Research
• School Effectiveness and School Improvement
• Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness
• Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis
• Effective Education
• Review of Research in Education
• Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
• Cambridge Journal of Education
• Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research
• Research Papers in Education
• Teaching and Teacher Education
• Studies in Educational Evaluation
• Review of Educational Research
• Early Childhood Education Journal
• Journal of Educational Research and Practice (Brock Education)
• Journal of Interactive Learning Research (JILR)
• Critical Literacy: Theories and Practices
• Journal of Teacher Education and Educators
• Educational Leadership

Education and Psychology

• Journal of Educational Psychology
• Journal of School Psychology
• British Journal of Educational Psychology

• Other Journals
• For Readers
• For Authors
• For Librarians

Announcements

Journal on mathematics education research (j-mer).

Journal on Mathematics Education Research (J-MER) publishes research articles in the field of mathematics education which include Algebra Education, Geometry Education, Statistics and Probability Education, Realistic Mathematics Education, Assessment in Mathematics Education, etc. Journal on Mathematics Education Research (J-MER) published by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, twice a year: May and November.

Vol 4, No 2 (2023): November

Table of contents.

Journal on Mathematics Education Research

Department of Mathematics Education

Indonesian University of Education

Address: FMIPA Building, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229 Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia

Measurement Analysis and Evaluation of Twenty-Five Years of Mathematics Education Research in China: Visual Econometric Analysis Based on CiteSpace Knowledge Mapping (1999–2024)

Since the new century, China’s mathematics curriculum reform in basic education has continued to move forward in attempts and explorations, presenting many new changes, trends, movements, and developments. Sorting out, analyzing, and summarizing the achievements, experiences, problems, and challenges in this journey are conducive to providing insights for the reform and development of the Chinese basic education mathematics curriculum in the new era. This paper analyses the research on mathematics education in China (1999–2024) using the visual measurement of CiteSpace knowledge mapping, hoping to provide directions for the future of mathematics education in China.

10.26689/jcer.v8i5.7055

Submitted : 2024-05-06

Accepted : 2024-05-21, published : 2024-06-05.

Shi N, Ma Y, 2009, Design, Implementation and Prospect of Mathematics Curriculum Reform in Basic Education, Guangxi Education Press, Nanning, 4.

Cai T, 2013, Traditional Chinese Culture and the Evolution of Traditional Mathematics and Mathematics Education. Global Education Perspectives, 42(8): 91–100.

Kong QP, Xu ZQ, Chen ZH, et al., 2015, International Research Trends in Mathematics Education in the Last Decade. Global Education Perspectives, 44(12): 96–104.

Wang L, Song N, 2022, Hot Topics of Mathematics Education Research in China in the Past Two Decades - An Empirical Analysis Based on Scientific Knowledge Mapping. Journal of Mathematics Education, 31(5): 65–70, 75.

Zhou S, Wang J, Nie L, 2014, Overview and Exploration of the Development of Mathematics Education Led by ICMI. Journal of Mathematics Education, 23(3): 8–10.

Wang Y, 2022, A Masterpiece that Highlights Mathematical Culture and Contains Mathematical Thinking: A Review of “Interesting Talks on Mathematics.” Mathematics Bulletin, 2022(1): 61–62.

Task Team, 2006, The Concept, Innotation and Related Theory of Quality-Oriented Education. Educational Research, 27(2): 3–10.

Wu Z, An S, 2016, Addressing Challenges in Urban Teaching and Learning Maths Using Model-Strategy-Application with Reasoning Approach in Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Classrooms. and Research, 2016(12): 47.

An S, Wu Z, 2014, Using the Evidence-Based MSA Approach to Enhance Teacher Knowledge in Student Mathematics Learning and Assessment. Mathematics Education, 7(2): 108.

Zhou Y, 2021, What Is Quality Education? Educator, 2021(39): 18.

Yang S, Yu D, 2009, Quality-Oriented Education: One of the Great Successes in Chinese Education Thoughts Over 30 Years of Reform and Opening Up. Journal of Higher Education. 2009(06): 1–8.

Lin C, 2016, Research on Core Qualities of Student Development in the 21st Century, Beijing Normal University Press, Beijing, 29.

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, 2018, Curriculum Standard for General Senior Secondary Mathematics (2017 Edition), Beijing Normal University Press, Beijing.

Zheng W, 2017, Report on the Development of STEAM Education in China, Science Publishing House, Beijing, 29.

Xie S, Yu P, 2012, Criticism of Cultural Consciousness in Basic Education. Educational Research and Experimentation, 2012(1): 46–50.

Submission guidelines

Types of papers, editorial procedure, manuscript submission, artwork and illustrations guidelines, supplementary information (si), editing services, ethical responsibilities of authors, competing interests, authorship principles.

Research Data Policy

After acceptance

Open Choice

Open access publishing

• Mistakes to avoid during manuscript preparation

Instructions for Authors

Full-length articles (not more than 9000 words, excluding references), shorter reports (short communications – up to 3000 words) may be submitted. Articles in which findings from empirical studies are reported, as well as non-empirical, theoretical papers are encouraged. No preference is given to any particular research methodology.

MERJ uses a double-blind (blind author, blind reviewer) review process. Each manuscript is reviewed by one member of the Editorial Board and two others. Based on the referees' reports, the Editors decides on the publication outcome whether to publish the manuscript. Specific corrections may be requested Authors of accepted papers may be required to make specific revisions. Suggestions may be provided for a rejected paper which if followed, might make it publishable elsewhere. Authors whose papers are rejected may be provided with suggestions that might assist in making their articles publishable elsewhere. Copies of the referees' reports are sent to the corresponding author.

Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before; that it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.

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• Article by DOI Hong, I., Knox, S., Pryor, L., Mroz, T. M., Graham, J., Shields, M. F., & Reistetter, T. A. (2020). Is referral to home health rehabilitation following inpatient rehabilitation facility associated with 90-day hospital readmission for adult patients with stroke? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001435
• Book Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst . Penguin Books.
• Book chapter Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.
• Online document Fagan, J. (2019, March 25). Nursing clinical brain . OER Commons. Retrieved January 7, 2020, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view
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게재를 위해 원고를 개선하려면 어떻게 해야 할까요?

여러분의 작품을 체계적인 원고로 발표하는 것은 편집자와 심사자가 여러분의 연구를 이해하고 공정하게 평가할 수 있는 최선의 기회를 제공합니다. 많은 연구자들은 어느 정도 독립적인 지원을 받는 것이 가능한 한 최선의 방법으로 자신의 결과를 발표하는 데 도움이 된다고 합니다. Springer Nature Author Services 전문가들은 영어 편집, 발전적인 논평, 원고 서식 지정, 그림 준비, 번역 등과 같은 원고 준비를 도와드릴 수 있습니다.

지금 시작하면 15% 할인됩니다.

또한 당사의 무료 문법 검사 도구를 사용하여 여러분의 연구를 평가할 수 있습니다.

이러한 도구 또는 기타 서비스를 사용하는 것은 게재를 위한 필수 요구사항이 아니며, 편집자가 해당 논문을 수락하거나 피어 리뷰에 해당 논문을 선택한다는 것을 암시하거나 보장하지는 않습니다.

This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics ( COPE ) the journal will follow the COPE guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is helped by following the rules of good scientific practice, which include*:

• The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous consideration.
• The submitted work should be original and should not have been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).
• A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e. ‘salami-slicing/publishing’).
• Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
• Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
• No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

• Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
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• Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

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• If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.

- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

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- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform , watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.

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Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy work is inappropriate.

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the author list we recommend they declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial consideration.

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:

Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication of this manuscript.

It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following: "Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become publicly known after the work was published."

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board, advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships; writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring relations; and so forth.

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject. Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement. Other article types such as editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding information should be included in the ‘ Declarations ’ section.

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and included on a title page that is separate from the manuscript with a section entitled “ Declarations ” when submitting a paper. Having all statements in one place allows for a consistent and unified review of the information by the Editor-in-Chief and/or peer reviewers and may speed up the handling of the paper. Declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Materials and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements. Please use the title page for providing the statements.

Once and if the paper is accepted for publication, the production department will put the respective statements in a distinctly identified section clearly visible for readers.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

When all authors have the same (or no) competing interests and/or funding it is sufficient to use one blanket statement.

Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:

• Partial financial support was received from [...]
• The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant Agreement No[…].
• This study was funded by […]
• This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]

Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:

• The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
• No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
• No funding was received for conducting this study.
• No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:

Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.

Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.

Non-financial interests: none.

Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company M, Company N and Company O.

Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:

• The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
• The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
• All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
• The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included is not only dependent on the scope of the journal, but also the scope of the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and declarations.

Data transparency

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Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for the following requirements:

• ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors;
• managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication;*
• providing transparency on re-use of material and mention any unpublished material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover letter to the Editor;
• making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on data statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

* The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Author contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed at the separate title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Free text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should be included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis , it is recommended that the student is usually listed as principal author:

A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

• Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are generally not permitted, but in some cases it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during revision stage.

Author identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative which could be a direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Journal reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published paper raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

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Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been received to share information.

This journal operates a type 1 research data policy . The journal encourages authors, where possible and applicable, to deposit data that support the findings of their research in a public repository. Authors and editors who do not have a preferred repository should consult Springer Nature’s list of repositories and research data policy.

List of Repositories

General repositories - for all types of research data - such as figshare and Dryad may also be used.

Datasets that are assigned digital object identifiers (DOIs) by a data repository may be cited in the reference list. Data citations should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite: authors, title, publisher (repository name), identifier.

If the journal that you’re submitting to uses double-blind peer review and you are providing reviewers with access to your data (for example via a repository link, supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the authorship in the data is also blinded. There are data repositories that can assist with this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policies, help finding a suitable data repository, or help organising and sharing research data can access our Author Support portal for additional guidance.

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Shortly after this you will receive two e-mails. One contains a request to confirm your affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article, as well as to arrange rights and payment of any associated publication cost. A second e-mail containing a link to your article’s proofs will be sent once typesetting is completed.

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Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

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After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers.

Open Choice allows you to publish open access in more than 1850 Springer Nature journals, making your research more visible and accessible immediately on publication.

Article processing charges (APCs) vary by journal – view the full list

• Increased researcher engagement: Open Choice enables access by anyone with an internet connection, immediately on publication.

It is easy to find funding to support open access – please see our funding and support pages for more information.

*) Within the first three years of publication. Springer Nature hybrid journal OA impact analysis, 2018.

Funding and Support pages

Copyright and license term – CC BY

Open Choice articles do not require transfer of copyright as the copyright remains with the author. In opting for open access, the author(s) agree to publish the article under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Find more about the license agreement

To find out more about publishing your work Open Access in Mathematics Education Research Journal , including information on fees, funding and licenses, visit our Open access publishing page .

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Opinion | Teaching and Learning

When teaching students math, concepts matter more than process, by nicola hodkowski     jun 5, 2024.

Ground Picture / Shutterstock

As a mathematics education researcher, I study how math instruction impacts students' learning, from following standard math procedures to understanding mathematical concepts. Focusing on the latter, conceptual understanding often involves understanding the “why” of a mathematical concept ; it’s the reasoning behind the math rather than the how or the steps it takes to get to an answer.

So often, in mathematics classrooms, students are shown steps and procedures for solving math problems and then required to demonstrate their rote memorization of these steps independently.

As a result, students' agency, knowledge and ability to transfer the concepts of mathematics suffer. Specifically, students experience diminished confidence in tackling mathematical problems and a decreased ability to apply mathematical reasoning in real-world situations. In addition, students may struggle with more advanced mathematical concepts and problem-solving tasks as they progress in their education.

While procedural fluency is important, conceptual understanding provides a framework for students to build mental relationships between math concepts. It allows students to connect new ideas to what they already know , creating increasing connections toward more advanced mathematics.

If we want mathematics achievement to improve, we need instruction to begin focusing on concepts instead of procedures.

Why Concept Matters More Than Procedure

Conceptual understanding builds on existing understanding to advance knowledge and focuses on the student’s ability to justify and explain. Procedural fluency, on the other hand, is about following steps to arrive at an answer and accuracy.

When considering how students will learn more advanced mathematics concepts, it is important to consider how they will engage with the problems presented to them in class and how those problems will contribute either to their greater conceptual understanding or greater procedural fluency. For example, consider these two math questions and ask yourself: What knowledge is needed to solve each problem?

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