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Should Roaring Kitty be investigated for insider trading?

Why are oil prices falling despite production cuts? … Is a recession imminent? … Pay attention to rate cut expectations… Mark Cuban doesn't understand inflation… Should Roaring Kitty be investigated? … And what Berkshire’s "100% drop" tells us about AI.

Massive profits in Big Oil from this under-the-radar trend

An under-the-radar trend is unfolding in the oil sector—one that will let Big Oil gush cash for years… And savvy investors can reap the benefits.

Don’t buy this popular growth stock

Avoid this growth stock… Are Kohl's and Cracker Barrel buys? … Why CAVA Group is soaring… Own this stock over Disney… A major trend unfolding in the oil patch… And follow a hedge fund into this turnaround story.

Is Elon Musk about to dominate the AI landscape?

2 market indicators are telling opposite stories—which one is true? … Musk's new AI startup… Why Zuckerberg is getting major AI street cred… How to profit from AI… This crypto lawyer should be shot… And why you need crypto exposure.

Ranked the # 1 most listened-to podcast on iTunes financial/business segment for multiple cycles.

Every episode, Frank cuts through the mainstream media B.S. to reveal “what's really moving these markets.”

Avoid this growth stock… Are Kohl's and Cracker Barrel buys? … Why CAVA Group is soaring… Own this stock over Disney… A major trend unfolding...

A stock primed to surge thanks to AI

NVDA—the world's best company? … How to make a fortune in gold… RFK Jr.'s outrageous comments… When will the Fed cut rates? … Dimon is...

Buffett’s massive new buy is a top CR pick

WMT is leading the market—and that's troubling… UA is a disaster—is it fixable? … What’s driving DELL's incredible performance? … Buffett and Icahn's latest investments…...

Did the SEC just prop up crypto?

Netflix is king of streaming… The Disney/Warner Bros. deal is a mistake… Are rate cuts on the horizon? … Is Airbnb a buy? … Gensler's...

Why Andrew Horowitz is unimpressed with AI

Andrew Horowitz of The Disciplined Investor shares the Fed's biggest mistake… Where to invest in this market… Why he isn't impressed with the AI trend…...

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Meme stocks are back [my picks], will biden veto the crypto bill.

NVDA—the world's best company? … How to make a fortune in gold… RFK Jr.'s outrageous comments… When will the Fed cut rates? … Dimon is talking out of his a** … And a stock primed to profit from AI.

Are Target and Autozone buys on their pullbacks? … Don't be fooled by Lowe's earnings beat… Avoid this dangerous cybersecurity stock… And will Biden follow through on his crypto bill veto?

WMT is leading the market—and that's troubling… UA is a disaster—is it fixable? … What’s driving DELL's incredible performance? … Buffett and Icahn's latest investments… Is this biotech company a buy? … And a contrarian trade on a market darling.

Don't trust the headlines about the CPI… Biden is a hypocrite about tariffs… Dimon's imminent warning… Don't believe these lies about gold… Bitcoin's next bull market? … Meme stocks are back… And these highly shorted stocks are poised to skyrocket.

Netflix is king of streaming… The Disney/Warner Bros. deal is a mistake… Are rate cuts on the horizon? … Is Airbnb a buy? … Gensler's latest crypto comments… FTX’s unprecedented bankruptcy… And how to play the uranium bull market.

This popular uranium stock will go to $0

The uranium bull market is just beginning… How AI is driving uranium demand… One popular uranium stock to avoid… And two investments to play uranium's upside. Plus, a stock to buy instead of Disney… And this "AI" favorite is faltering.

Andrew Horowitz of The Disciplined Investor shares the Fed's biggest mistake… Where to invest in this market… Why he isn't impressed with the AI trend… Why he's adding exposure to China… And one of his favorite stocks right now.

What’s behind this disastrous earnings season?

Why so many companies are reporting disastrous earnings this season… And the one sector bucking the trend. Plus, how to position yourself for outsized returns in crypto over the next 18 months.

Powell is f*cked

The Fed has a serious dilemma… The selloff in META is overdone… This popular stock is a short at current levels… Bitcoin will surpass $300,000… And a short-term trade on an industry leader. Plus, the next Crypto 2024 LIVE.

Why is Tesla surging—despite terrible earnings?

Tesla’s earnings were a disaster—so why is it soaring? … Why gold bugs are dead wrong… Why you should take profits in gold stocks… And the best speculative investment opportunity right now. Plus, join the next Crypto 2024 LIVE.

Should crypto investors be worried?

These "smart money" investors believe we'll still see rate cuts this year… What's behind Bitcoin's pullback… Why the oil selloff is actually a positive sign… McDonald's (MCD) new smellable billboard… And this defense stock will benefit as geopolitical conflict escalates.

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Digital assets, growth trends, income investing, market insights, portfolio management, stock analysis, trading strategies.

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Historical research and social research

The Anne Frank House researches the history of the Frank family and does research antisemitism, racism and right-wing extremism in the Netherlands.

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Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust.

• Introduction to the Holocaust
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Anne Frank Biography: Who was Anne Frank?

The story of what happened to Anne Frank is among the most well-known of the six million Jews who died in the Holocaust. Her diary is the first encounter many people have with the history of Nazi Germany's attempt to murder all the Jews of Europe during World War II.

Anne Frank and her family spent two years hiding in a secret apartment behind her father’s former office in Amsterdam.

The Franks and four other Jews who were hiding with them were discovered by authorities on August 4, 1944.

The only member of the Frank family who survived the Holocaust was Anne’s father, Otto, who later worked diligently to get his daughter’s diary published.

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Who was Anne Frank?

Anne Frank was a German girl and Jewish victim of the Holocaust who is famous for keeping a diary of her experiences. Anne and her family went into hiding for two years to avoid Nazi persecution. Her documentation of this time is now published in The Diary of a Young Girl . 

Early Years

For the first 5 years of her life, Anne lived with her parents and older sister, Margot, in an apartment on the outskirts of Frankfurt. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Otto Frank fled to Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where he had business connections. The rest of the Frank family soon followed, with Anne being the last of the family to arrive in February 1934 after staying with her grandparents in Aachen.

The Fate of Jews in Amsterdam

The fate of the Frank family and other Jews in Amsterdam was wrapped up with the German occupation of the city, which began in May 1940. In early 1942, the Germans began preparations to deport Jews from the Netherlands to killing centers in the east. At this time, they required all Dutch Jews to be concentrated in Amsterdam. They also decided to intern all non-Dutch Jews in Westerbork transit camp. From Westerbork, German officials deported the Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sobibor killing centers in German-occupied Poland. The first deportation transport left Westerbork on July 15, 1942, for Auschwitz-Birkenau. These deportations and the escalating anti-Jewish measures alarmed many Jews in the Netherlands, including the Franks.

  While in hiding, Anne kept a diary in which she recorded her fears, hopes, and experiences.

What Happened to Anne Frank and Her Family?

On August 4, 1944, the German SS and police discovered the hiding place. It has been long thought that the authorities acted after being tipped off by an anonymous Dutch caller. But a more recent theory is that the Germans discovered the hiding place by chance, while investigating reports that illegal work and fraud with ration coupons were occurring at the house.

That day, an SS Sergeant ( Hauptscharführer ) named Karl Silberbauer and two Dutch policemen arrested the Franks. The Gestapo sent the family to Westerbork transit camp on August 8. One month later, on September 3, 1944, SS and police authorities placed the Franks and the four others hiding with them on a train transport to Auschwitz-Birkenau in German-occupied Poland. This was the last transport from Westerbork to Auschwitz.

The transport arrived in Auschwitz two days later with 1,019 Jews on board. Men and women were separated. All of the Secret Annex residents were selected for forced labor.

Like other Jews selected for labor, the women chosen from this transport, including Anne, Edith, and Margot, were tattooed with prisoner numbers. Records indicating their exact numbers have not been preserved. Although Anne Frank's death certificate documents her movement between camps, it does not include her tattoo ID number.

Anne and her sister, Margot were transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in northern Germany in early November 1944.

The Fate of the Frank Family: How and When Did Anne Frank Die?

Anne Frank died in February or March 1945, shortly before British troops liberated Bergen-Belsen on April 15, 1945. Anne Frank died at the age of 15. Margot Frank died at the age of 19, also in February or March 1945. Both Margot and Anne died of typhus.

SS officials also selected Anne's parents for labor. Anne's mother, Edith died in Auschwitz in early January 1945.

The home where the Franks hid in Amsterdam continues to attract a large audience. Now known as the Anne Frank House, it drew more than 1.2 million visitors in 2017.

Series: Anne Frank

Anne Frank: Diary

Anne frank: amsterdam and deportation.

Children's Diaries during the Holocaust

Children during the Holocaust

Life in Shadows: Hidden Children and the Holocaust

How did the Nazis and their collaborators implement the Holocaust?

The Netherlands

Bergen-Belsen

Critical thinking questions.

• Find diaries of other children impacted by the Holocaust. Compare and contrast their stories with Anne and Margot’s.
• Learn about the network of individuals who tried to shield the Franks from arrest. What pressures and motivations may have affected them?

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Frank B. Hu

Fredrick J. Stare Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology

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Faculty Affiliate in the Department of Epidemiology

Epidemiology

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Chair, Department of Nutrition

Professor of Medicine

Medicine-Brigham and Women's Hospital

Harvard Medical School

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Dr. Frank Hu is Chair of Department of Nutrition, Fredrick J. Stare Professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Dr. Hu received his MD from Tongji Medical College in China and MPH and PhD in Epidemiology from University of Illinois at Chicago. He completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Nutritional Epidemiology at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Dr. Hu’s major research interests include epidemiology and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases through diet and lifestyle; gene-environment interactions; nutritional metabolomics; and nutrition transitions in low- and middle-income countries. Currently, he is Director of Boston Nutrition and Obesity Research Center Epidemiology and Genetics Core and Director of Dietary Biomarker Development Center at Harvard University. He has published a textbook on Obesity Epidemiology (Oxford University Press) and >1400 peer-reviewed papers with an H-index of 290. He served on the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease, the Obesity Guideline Expert Panel, American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, and the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, USDA/HHS. He has served on the editorial boards of Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Diabetes Care, and Clinical Chemistry. Dr. Hu was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2015.

Dr. Frank Hu’s research has focused on diet/lifestyle, metabolic, and genetic determinants of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). His major research interests include epidemiology and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases through diet and lifestyle; gene-environment interactions and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes; nutritional metabolomics in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; and obesity, metabolic phenotypes, and cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries. Dr. Hu’s group has conducted detailed analyses of many dietary and lifestyle factors and risk of diabetes and CVD, including sugar-sweetened beverages, coffee, red meat, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron, and dietary patterns in large prospective cohort studies including the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. These findings have contributed to current public health recommendations and policies for the prevention of chronic diseases. His group has also identified novel biomarkers and gene-environment interactions in relation to risk of obesity and diabetes by integrating cutting-edge omics technologies into epidemiological studies. In addition, Dr. Hu has conducted extensive research on nutrition transition, metabolic phenotypes, and cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries.

MD, 1988 Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China

MPH, 1993 University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois

PhD, 1996 University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois

Scientific Award Keynote Speaker, 2022 Annual Scientific Program 2022 Chinese American Medical Society (CAMS)

Boyd Orr Trust Fund Lecturer, The Nutrition Society, UK-Ireland 2020

Ancel Keys Memorial Lecturer American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2018

Elected member, National Academy of Medicine 2015

Kelly West Award in Outstanding Achievement in Diabetes Epidemiology, American Diabetes Association 2010

Established Investigator Award, AHA 2002 American Heart Association

Research Paper Listed as American Heart Association's Top Ten Research Advances for 2001 2001 American Heart Association

Elizabeth Barrett-Connor research Award Finalist in Epidemiology for Young Investigators, AHA 1998 71st American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

Charles A. King Trust Research Fellowship 1998 The Medical Foundation, Boston

Research Paper Listed as American Heart Association's Top Ten Research Advances for 1997 1997 American Heart Association

Bibliography

A healthy diet should consider environmental impact..

Willett WC, Hu FB, Forouhi NG.

Lifetime Duration of Breastfeeding and Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of Gestational Diabetes: Findings From Two Large Prospective Cohorts.

Birukov A, Guasch-Ferré M, Ley SH, Tobias DK, Wang F, Wittenbecher C, Yang J, Manson JE, Chavarro JE, Hu FB, Zhang C.

Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality among patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Hang D, Du M, Wang L, Wang K, Fang Z, Khandpur N, Rossato SL, Steele EM, Chan AT, Hu FB, Meyerhardt JA, Mozaffarian D, Ogino S, Sun Q, Wong JB, Zhang FF, Song M.

Novel proteomic signatures may indicate MRI-assessed intrahepatic fat state and changes; the DIRECT PLUS clinical trial.

Goldberg DT, Yaskolka Meir A, Tsaban G, Rinott E, Kaplan A, Zelicha H, Klöting N, Ceglarek U, Iserman B, Shelef I, Rosen P, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Etzion O, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Shai I.

Metabolomic Profiles during Early Childhood and Risk of Food Allergies and Asthma in Multi-ethnic Children from a Prospective Birth Cohort.

Hong X, Nadeau K, Wang G, Larman B, Smith KN, Pearson C, Ji H, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio P, Liang L, Hu FB, Wang X.

Metformin and other anti-diabetic medication use and breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Wang T, Chai B, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Erdrich J, Hu FB, Rosner BA, Tamimi RM, Willett WC, Kang JH, Eliassen AH.

Corrigendum to 'Sugar-sweetened or artificially-sweetened beverage consumption, physical activity, and risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a prospective cohort study'The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 119 issue 3 (2024) 669-681.

Pacheco LS, Tobias DK, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Willett WC, Ludwig DS, Ebbeling CB, Haslam DE, Drouin-Chartier JP, Hu FB, Guasch-Ferré M.

Data resource profile: nutrition data in the VA million veteran program.

Nguyen XT, Li Y, Ivey KL, Whitbourne SB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Cho K, Gaziano M, Djousse L.

Author Correction: Optimal dietary patterns for prevention of chronic disease.

Wang P, Song M, Eliassen AH, Wang M, Fung TT, Clinton SK, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Willett WC, Tabung FK, Giovannucci EL.

Consumption of 100% Fruit Juice and Body Weight in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nguyen M, Jarvis SE, Chiavaroli L, Mejia SB, Zurbau A, Khan TA, Tobias DK, Willett WC, Hu FB, Hanley AJ, Birken CS, Sievenpiper JL, Malik VS.

Daily matcha may benefit brain, heart, gut health

Drinking a daily cup or two of matcha—a form of powdered green tea—may provide a number of health benefits.

Stick to sodium guidelines for reduced cardiovascular disease risk

While some researchers disagree about recommended limits for sodium consumption, they agree that most Americans get too much in their diets.

Eating yogurt may help reduce Type 2 diabetes risk

The Food and Drug Administration announced last week that it will allow yogurt producers to say that regular consumption of their products may prevent Type 2 diabetes, but labels must also include the qualification that this is based…

Eating a plant-based diet over time appears safe regarding risk of hip fracture

Eating a plant-based diet over the long term does not appear to increase the risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women, according to a new study co-authored by Harvard Chan School.

Sugary drinks increase risk of cardiovascular disease, regardless of how much you exercise

Daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may heighten the risk of developing cardiovascular disease even among those with above average physical activity levels, according to a new study led by Harvard Chan School.

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Professor Frank received his PhD in Physics (1992) from University of Washington. He held postdoctoral and visiting scientist positions at Leiden University and the University of Minnesota. In 1995, he was awarded a Hubble Fellowship. He joined the University as an Assistant Professor of Physics and Astronomy in 1996. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 2000 and to Professor in 2004. He received a University Bridging Fellowship in 2005.

Learn more about Adam Frank:  Professor of astrophysics, science commentator, and popular author

Research Overview

Professor Frank's research is in the general area of Theoretical Astrophysics, and in particular the hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic evolution of matter ejected from stars. Current research topic include jets from Young Stellar Objects, bipolar outflows from evolved stars such as Planetary Nebulae and Massive stars. Investigations are carried out though the use of large scale numerical simulations. For more detail, see the Theoretical Astrophysics page.

Professor Frank is also active member of the department's Plasma Physics program, which is part of the University's interdisciplinary program in High-Energy Density Plasmas. In collaboration with faculty at the University's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (an Inertial Confinement Fusion facility), he is conducting plasma astrophysical research on topics such as magnetic diffusion in interstellar clouds and the evolution of solar magnetic flux tubes.

Professor Frank is also actively involved in science outreach as a popular science writer. He has contributed articles to Discover and Astronomy magazines. He received the science-writing prize from the Solar Physics Division of the American Astronomical Society in 1999,

For further details, visit Professor Frank's website at: http://www.adamfrankscience.com .

Research Interests

• theoretical astrophysics and plasma physics

Frank Research Group

Utilizing Spin for Renewable Energy Technologies

The Frank Group utilizes techniques in organic synthesis, air-sensitive manipulation of organic and inorganic compounds, coordination chemistry, electrochemistry, electronic absorption spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, photophysics, magnetometry, computational chemistry, device fabrication and measurement, resistivity measurements, AFM, Raman Spectroscopy of surfaces, OFET/OPV fabrication and measurement, and magneto-optics of functional materials.

Spin-Based Materials for Quantum Information Science

Functional materials that change spin, optical, and charge state upon application of external stimuli (light, electric Keld, or magnetic Keld) are central to the development of non-volatile memory technologies, spintronics devices, and sensors for quantum information science (QIS). Within the context of quantum information science, quantum computing, communications, and sensors all rely on the fundamental […] more…

Organic Polymers for Charge Storage

Organic polymers are central to the development of new functional materials for renewable energy, biosensors, and medicinal applications. The electronic structure of organic polymers is highly sensitive to degrees of conjugation, structure of the monomer unit, backbone morphology, and noncovalent interactions between polymer chains. Organic polymers that undergo reversible changes in redox state are valuable […] more…

Bioimaging and Magnetism in Biology

Magnetism plays an important role in biology, either through the development of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) contrast agents for imaging of biological tissues, or through the role of inRuencing the sensory mechanisms involved in the migration of thousands of organisms by using subtle changes in magnetic Keld: magnetoreception. We study the fundamental mechanisms involved in […] more…

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Frank OCD Lab

An interdisciplinary research group dedicated to understanding the science and treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

An interdisciplinary research group dedicated to understanding the science and improving treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Established in 2021 by Adam Frank, MD, PhD, the lab focuses on improving understanding and treatment of OCD through qualitative and quantitative approaches, with a focus on the intersection of technology, psychiatry, and neuromodulation.

Research Areas

Data from wearable devices and ecological momentary assessments provide windows into the lives of individuals outside clinician visits. Such continuous information can lend insights about imperceptible lifestyle differences of individuals with OCD compared to healthy controls.

Data collected through multiple modalities improves confidence during clinical decision-making. Apart from benefiting patients, the analysis of large multi-modal datasets can be leveraged to streamline healthcare operations and reduce healthworker stress by identifying organizational bottlenecks.

Improving clinical outcomes for those receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is critical. Research on data-informed and individualized treatment for both TMS and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) will contribute ongoing improvements in care for individuals with treatment-resistant OCD.

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FRANK RESEARCH LAB

Uncovering mechanisms of cardiopulmonary development and disease

The Frank research laboratory is composed of individuals performing basic science and translational research to assess the generation and regeneration of cardiopulmonary tissue. As such, we strive to identify, understand, and manipulate the progenitor cells that orchestrate interactions during vascular and lung development and regeneration. We are seeking multidisciplinary and motivated persons interested in developmental biology, tissue regeneration, novel technologies, and ex vivo modeling of development and disease. Enjoying scientific discovery and having fun along the way is encouraged!

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March 9, 2023  Congratulations to Maureen again for her abstract, “Isolated chronic fetal hypoxia results in delayed lung development and maturation using an extrauterine womb lamb model”, chosen for oral presentation at the Belgium Society of Paediatrics conference!

November 7, 2022 Congratulations to Prashant, Aravind, and other authors for their image being chosen for the cover of the journal, Development!

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September 22, 2022 Congratulations to the Sucre lab and Frank lab for acceptance of their pap er, “CXCL12 defines lung endothelial heterogeneity and promotes distal vascular growth”, in the journal, Development!

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Congratulations to Dr. F rank for his selection for the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI) 2022 Young Physician-Scientist Award. Young is a misnomer!

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UK Logistics Market Dashboard - May 2024

An overview of the UK investment and occupier markets as well as several key trackers we are currently following as we observe their impact on the industrial and logistics market.

Claire Williams

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View previous years' data by storm on our Data Page. Includes wind speed, temperature and humidity profiles, radar and visuals, and more.

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All encompassing data suite includes wind speed, temperature and humidity profiles, radar and visuals, and more.

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Expendables Dropwindsondes are deployed from the aircraft and drift down on a parachute measuring vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, humidity and wind as they fall. They are released from the both the WP-3D and G-IV aircraft over data-sparse oceanic regions. Airborne eXpendable BathyThermographs (AXBT) Airborne eXpendable Current Profilers (AXCP) Airborne eXpendable Conductivity Temperature and Depth probes (AXCTD) Drifting buoys

Oceanographic instruments may be deployed from the WP-3D aircraft either from external chutes using explosive cads or from an internal drop chute. They activate upon hitting the ocean surface and radio sea temperature, salinity, and current information back to computers aboard the aircraft.

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Remote Sensing

Among the suite of airborne remote sensing instruments available on the WP-3D aircraft for the purpose of measuring surface winds in and around tropical cyclones are the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer and the C-band scatterometer (C-SCAT). The C-SCAT conically scans the ocean surfaceobtaining backscatter measurements from 20° to 50° off nadir

C-Band Scatterometer (C-SCAT) The C-SCAT antenna is a microstrip phased array whose main lobe can be pointed at 20°, 30°, 40°, and 50° off nadir. The antenna is rotated in azimuth at 30 rpm. Thus, conical scans of the ocean surface are repeated every 2 s (0.25 km at 125 m/s ground speed).

Data assimilation is a technique by which numerical model data and observations are combined to obtain an analysis that best represents the state of the atmospheric phenomena of interest. At HRD, the focus is on the utilization of a wide range of observations for the state analysis of tropical systems and their near environments to study their structure and physical/dynamical processes, and to improve numerical forecasts. Research includes the development and application of a state-of-the-art ensemble-based data assimilation system (the Hurricane Ensemble Data Assimilation System – HEDAS) with the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast model, using airborne, satellite and other observations. In parallel, Observing System Simulation Experiments are conducted for the systematic evaluation of proposed observational platforms geared toward the better sampling of tropical weather systems.

AOML developed the high-resolution HWRF model, the first 3 km-resolution regional model to be officially adopted and run operationally by the National Hurricane Center at the start of the 2012 hurricane season. This state-of-the-art research involved the following key elements:

High-resolution numerical model developments; Advancements to physical parameterizations for hurricane models based on observations; And above all, advancements in the basic understanding of hurricane processes.

In collaboration with NCEP‘s Environmental Modeling Center, and with the vital support of NOAA‘s Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP), we are fully committed for years to come to the development and further advancement of NOAA‘s HWRF modeling system. A basin-sale version of the HWRF model is now in transition to operations. Visit the Hurricane Modeling and Prediction page to learn more.

News & Events

Unveiling the innovative advancements in hurricane modeling

June 4, 2024

With an active hurricane season on the horizon, the need for reliable hurricane forecasting is at the forefront of our minds. Heightened sea surface temperatures, weakened vertical wind shear, and an enhanced West African monsoon are expected to contribute to the development of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic. To predict these developing storms, meteorologists employ models that rely on current observations and mathematical calculations to predict a storm’s behavior and track. These models are complex and utilize inputs from a variety of sources including historic, numeric, oceanic, and atmospheric data to generate their predictions. 

Developments in Hurricane Model Contributed to its Lasting Legacy

Innovative Flight Patterns Boost Hurricane Forecast Accuracy, NOAA Study Finds

12 Days of AOML Research

AOML awarded for exceptional science and communications accomplishments

Improvements in Forecasting, Weather, Floods and Hurricanes

Providing research to make forecasts better.

This overview report includes work on the Hurricane Analysis and Forecasting System (HAFS) , a set of moving, high-resolution nests around tropical cyclones in the global weather model, and the  AOML Hurricane Model Viewer .

Featured Publication

Alaka Jr, G. J., Zhang, X., & Gopalakrishnan, S. G. (2022). High-definition hurricanes: improving forecasts with storm-following nests.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ,  103 (3), E680-E703.

Abstract: To forecast tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and structure changes with fidelity, numerical weather prediction models must be “high definition,” i.e., horizontal grid spacing ≤ 3 km, so that they permit clouds and convection and resolve sharp gradients of momentum and moisture in the eyewall and rainbands. Storm-following nests are computationally efficient at fine resolutions, providing a practical approach to improve TC intensity forecasts. Under the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project, the operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system was developed to include telescopic, storm-following nests for a single TC per model integration.

Download Full Paper

High-Definition Hurricanes: Improving Forecasts with Storm-Following Nests

Looking for scientific literature? Visit our Publication Database.

Dropsondes Measure Important Atmospheric Conditions

Airborne radar.

As our Hurricane Hunter Scientists make passes through the storm, they release small sensor packages on parachutes called dropsondes. These instruments provide measurements of temperature, pressure, humidity and wind as they descend through the storm. See more of our videos on YouTube.

Frequently Asked Questions about Hurricanes

Why don't nuclear weapons destroy hurricanes.

Radioactive fallout from such an operation would far outweigh the benefits and may not alter the storm.  Additionally, the amount of energy that a storm produces far outweighs the energy produced by one nuclear weapon.

How Much Energy is Released from a Hurricane?

The energy released from a hurricane can be explained in two ways: the total amount of energy released by the condensation of water droplets (latent heat), or the amount of kinetic energy generated to maintain the strong, swirling winds of a hurricane. The vast majority of the latent heat released is used to drive the convection of a storm, but the total energy released from condensation is 200 times the world-wide electrical generating capacity, or 6.0 x 10 14  watts per day. If you measure the total kinetic energy instead, it comes out to about 1.5 x 10 12  watts per day, or ½ of the world-wide electrical generating capacity. It would seem that although wind energy seems the most obvious energetic process, it is actually the latent release of heat that feeds a hurricane’s momentum.

What Causes Tropical Cyclones?

In addition to hurricane-favorable conditions such as temperature and humidity, many repeating atmospheric phenomenon contribute to causing and intensifying tropical cyclones. For example, African Easterly Waves are winds in the lower troposphere (ocean surface to 3 miles above) that travel from Africa at speeds of about 3mph westward as a result of the African Easterly Jet. These winds are seen from April until November. About 85% of intense hurricanes and about 60% of smaller storms have their origin in African Easterly waves.

The Saharan Air Layer is another significant seeding phenomenon for tropical storms.  It is a mass of dry, mineral-rich, dusty air that forms over the Sahara from late spring to early fall and moves over the tropical North Atlantic every 3-5 days at speeds of 22-55mph (10-25 meters per second). The air mass is 1-2 miles deep, exists in the lower troposphere, and can be as wide as the continental US. These air masses have significant moderating impacts on tropical cyclone intensity and formation because the dry, intense air can both deprive the storm of moisture and interfere with its convection by increasing the wind shear.

Many tropical cyclones form due to these larger scale atmospheric factors. Hurricanes that form fairly close in our basin are called Cape Verde hurricanes, named for the location where they are formed. Cape Verde origin hurricanes can be up to five per year, with an average of around two.

Why are Tropical Cyclones Always Worse on the Right Side?

If a hurricane is moving to the west, the right side would be to the north of the storm, if it is heading north, then the right side would be to the east of the storm. The movement of a hurricane can be broken into two parts- the spiral movement and its forward movement. If the hurricane is moving forward, the side of the spiral with winds parallel and facing forward in the direction of movement will go faster, because you are adding two velocities together. The side of the spiral parallel to the movement, but going in the opposite direction will be slower, because you must subtract the velocity moving away (backwards) from the forward velocity.

For example, a hurricane with 90mph winds moving at 10mph would have a 100mph wind speed on the right (forward-moving) side and 80 mph on the side with the backward motion.

How are Hurricanes Named?

During the 19th century, hurricane names were inspired by everything from saints to wives to unpopular politicians. In 1978, it was agreed that the National Hurricane Center would use alternating men and women’s names following the practice adopted by Australia’s bureau of Meteorology three years earlier in 1975.

Today, a list of potential names is published by the United Nations World Meteorological Organization for the Atlantic basin. These names extend into 2023, and the list repeats every seventh year. If a particularly damaging storm occurs, the name of that storm is retired. Storms retired in 2017 include Harvey, Irma, Maria, and Nate. If there are more storms than names on the list in a given season, the National Hurricane Center will name them using the Greek alphabet. Lastly, if a storm happens to move across basins, it keeps the original name. The only time it is renamed if it dissipates to a tropical disturbance and reforms.

With Hurricane Hunters Dr. Frank Marks & Commander Justin Kibbey

Shirley Murillo

305.361.4509

| Shirley Murillo

Acting Director, Hurricane Research Division

Aaron Poyer

301.427.9619

| Aaron Poyer

Acting Deputy Director, Hurricane Research Division

Our Field Photos

Scientists and Hurricane Hunters Paul Reasor and Robert Rogers preparing for flight into Hurricane Barry. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

The Global Hawk unmanned aircraft can fly continuously for 24 hours in a storm, collecting critical atmospheric data. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

Sunrise photo above the clouds from a hurricane hunter aircraft. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

Frank Marks Takes a Selfie with Ms. Piggy- The P3 aircraft have nicknames. This one is called Miss Piggy after one of Jim Henson’s The Muppets character. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

Photo of the P3 flying science lab on the tarmac ready for its next flight. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

Scientist drops scientific instruments into the hurricane below to take measurements that improve our forecasts. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

The eye of a hurricane as seen by a P3 aircraft. Photo Credit, NOAA AOML.

Hurricane researchers Paul Reasor (L) and Rob Rogers (R) are hard at work analyzing data during their flight into Tropical Storm Barry. Photo Credit: NOAA.

International Programs

Anne frank initiative welcomes over 250 clear creek amana eighth graders to university of iowa campus.

On Thursday, May 30, 2024, the Anne Frank Initiative (AFI) , an International Programs affinity group, welcomed 250+ eighth graders from Clear Creek Amana (CCA) Middle School. A strong mission of the AFI is to create outreach opportunities to share Anne Frank’s story, spirit, and her humanitarian message with our youngest generation. Some CCA students have read portions of Anne Frank’s diary during the spring semester. The AFI is directed by Kirsten Kumpf Baele, lecturer in the University of Iowa (UI) Department of German.

“As part of the English Language Arts (ELA) curriculum at CCA, Tollie Lancaster and I were able to teach the students about the Holocaust,” said Lindsay Herr, eighth grade ELA teacher and one of the organizers of the event. “We are honored that Dr. Kirsten Kumpf Baele partnered with us and took the time to teach our students about Anne Frank, and we are excited they were able to meet with and learn from other University of Iowa professors and current University of Iowa students.”

The middle school students began their day with an introduction to Anne Frank, her legacy, and her special connection with Iowa. Throughout the morning, students were divided into breakout sessions which ranged from a virtual reality tour of the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, and Little Free Library design, to artificial intelligence, writing and identity, and learning about German/Jewish heritage in Iowa City. They also had a tour of the Iowa campus.

At the end the day, students gathered at the Anne Frank sapling on the Pentacrest where Andrew Dahl, the head UI arborist, talked about the white horse chestnut tree, the 13th sapling to be planted in the United States.

“This annual engagement with Clear Creek Amana brings eighth grade students face-to-face with pieces of history that most of them have only encountered through educational texts,” said Mallory Hellman, director of the Iowa Youth Writing Project and AFI advisory committee member. “By visiting the Anne Frank sapling, walking a path of significant locations in Iowa City's Jewish history (and present!), and learning of Anne Frank's Iowan pen-pal , students cement a lived connection between Anne's story and their own.”

The AFI is committed to investigating Anne Frank’s literary contributions, her ongoing legacy, and all that she represents in a more globalized, international, and contemporary context.

“Iowa has a special connection to Anne Frank and her story,” remarked Natoshia Askelson, associate professor in the UI College of Public Health and AFI advisory committee member. “The AFI works to highlight and strengthen that connection. It is vital that Iowans understand how interconnected all our stories and lives are, so that we can prevent violence.”

Organizers of this event included AFI Director Kirsten Kumpf Baele; Lindsay Herr, CCA eighth grade ELA teacher; AFI Advisory Committee members Natoshia Askelson, Carl Follmer, Mallory Hellman, Shereena Honary, and Ana Laura Leyser; and other UI faculty, staff, and students including Andrew Dahl, Glenn Ehrstine, Colleen Kollasch, and Kevin Zihlman. 

International Programs  (IP) at the University of Iowa (UI) is committed to enriching the global experience of UI students, faculty, staff, and the general public by leading efforts to promote internationally oriented teaching, research, creative work, and community engagement.  IP provides support for international students and scholars, administers scholarships and assistance for students who study, intern, or do research abroad, and provides funding opportunities and grant-writing assistance for faculty engaged in international research. IP shares their stories through various media, and by hosting multiple public engagement activities each year.

• Anne Frank Initiative

International Programs at the University of Iowa supports the right of all individuals to live freely and to live in peace. We condemn all acts of violence based on race, religion, gender identity, sexual orientation, and perceived national or cultural origin. In affirming its commitment to human dignity, International Programs strongly upholds the values expressed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights .  

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