ed.d vs phd salary

EdD vs. PhD in Education: Why Choose an EdD?

EdD or PhD? This is one of the first decisions aspiring education leaders face when exploring options for advanced degrees. The need for leaders in the field has never been greater. Integrating new educational methods and technology, addressing diversity and other social issues, and managing growing requirements for remote learning—these are just a few of the issues currently challenging educators. Taking a step toward earning an EdD or a PhD requires that prospective students first explore the differences between them to determine which track best serves their interests and aspirations.

Both degrees prepare graduates for rewarding careers and leadership roles in the education field , but they vary significantly in terms of study focus and typical career paths. Future education leaders wondering why to get an EdD or a PhD should understand the differences between the two degrees before they choose to pursue one.

What Is a Doctor of Education (EdD) Degree?

An EdD is an advanced degree in the education field that prepares graduates to succeed in leadership roles in higher education. EdD curricula incorporate heavy coursework in education policy, research methods, current social and political issues impacting students and teachers, developing teams and procedures, collaborating with internal and external partners, and managing and planning budgets.

EdD programs provide a solid foundation in modern education system operations, as well as extensive tools to create strategies and implement solutions to help schools and educational organizations succeed. Someone who has an EdD can teach or serve as an educator, but the degree program is more focused on helping graduates become leaders of educational organizations.

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree?

A PhD is an advanced degree that individuals and professionals can typically earn after attaining a master’s degree. A PhD can be attained in several academic subjects, including education, and often prepares students for careers in more research-oriented positions, as well as university and college instructor roles. The curriculum for a PhD in education can vary by school, but it often includes coursework in educational research and evaluation, teaching methods, and a larger dissertation on topics or subjects in the education field.

Job Outlook

In broad terms, EdD programs help graduates gain a deep understanding of education as a field and profession, developing leadership expertise for various educational settings. The PhD track is more research oriented, helping graduates prepare for both the classroom and research aspects of teaching at a postsecondary institution. A closer look at career paths, salary projections, and growth outlooks can help differentiate the programs further.

EdD vs. PhD: Common Career Paths

When considering why to get an EdD or a PhD, it’s important to look at what happens after graduation. EdD and PhD programs’ different areas of focus mean each program best prepares graduates for different career options. The most common path for PhD recipients is to go right back into postsecondary education, with the hope of becoming tenured professors at a college or university. Gaining an EdD opens a variety of doors in the education sector.

Professional Options with an EdD

EdD graduates will have some research background, for example, in examining the implementation of a new curriculum and student response. EdD graduates also benefit from classes focused on leadership and strategic planning, which provide a more business-oriented viewpoint of education and illustrate how policies can impact education at all levels.

Educators who earn an EdD can choose to pursue any of a variety of paths throughout education. Most commonly, they go into elementary, secondary, or postsecondary administration, serving in such roles as college dean or school district superintendent. EdD graduates from a school such as American University can also become college professors or run education-based nonprofit organizations.

Professional Options with a PhD

PhD programs place greater emphasis on research, and graduates commonly work in academia or pursue academic research. Experts in their specific area of focus, they may choose to continue their research with students or other professors.

A person who holds a PhD in education can serve as a professor at a university, a consultant, or a researcher in a government education agency or organization, as well as in a larger leadership role in school or university administration.

EdD vs. PhD: Salary Comparison

Many education leadership roles can be filled by professionals who have earned either an EdD or a PhD, so their respective earning potential is difficult to define precisely. Salaries largely depend upon experience and geographic location. Salary ranges for postsecondary educators, for example, vary widely depending on whether an educator is working at the associate or assistant level or has attained a full professorship. 

According to Payscale, the median annual salary for professionals with a PhD in education is approximately $80,000. Payscale notes that assistant professors of postsecondary/higher education have a median annual salary of roughly $69,000. 

Doctoral degree holders who attain advanced roles in academia earn higher salaries:  Deans with the degree have a median salary of around $93,000 annually, according to Payscale. 

The median annual salary for EdD degree holders is around $80,000 in June 2022, according to Payscale. Salaries for EdD professionals can vary significantly by role. For example, Payscale reports the median annual salary of associate professors working in postsecondary/higher education is around $71,000, while EdD professionals serving in an executive director role have a median salary of around $104,000 per year.

Growth Outlook for EdD vs. PhD

The bright career outlook for degree holders is another reason to get an EdD or PhD. Advanced leadership roles for education professionals generally have a positive growth outlook. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the number of jobs for postsecondary teachers will grow by 12 percent between 2020 and 2030, which is much faster than the average 8 percent growth the BLS projects for all professions. The BLS estimates that over the same period, postsecondary education administrator positions will grow by 8 percent, which is on par with the national job growth average projected by the BLS.

Differences Between EdD and PhD 

EdDs and PhDs are valuable to professionals seeking to become leaders in education. Both require significant commitments—a doctoral-level degree can take three years or more to complete. While there’s overlap between the coursework and career options for EdD and PhD programs, a review of the differences can help determine a good fit for prospective students.

The curricula for the degrees themselves prepare students for different career paths after they graduate. There are generally more options and specialties for PhD programs than there are for EdD programs. An EdD primarily prepares graduates to become leaders and strategists in the education field—for example, as superintendents, deans, provosts, and school district officials—while a PhD is more tailored to preparing graduates for instructional and research roles in education and higher education, for example, as professors and researchers.

This doesn’t mean that an EdD degree holder can’t serve as a professor or an instructor in a university environment or that a PhD in education degree holder can’t succeed as a superintendent or a dean. EdD programs just focus on the larger scope and strategy of an educational organization or institution, while PhD programs are more tightly focused on academic research.

EdD candidates learn about different educational and leadership styles and how education fits into the larger world. They explore policy at the local, state, national, and international levels. Ultimately they discover how to spearhead change throughout the educational system. EdD graduates can learn how to make strategic partnerships and forge meaningful relationships in the professional world.

PhD students focus much more on research methods and data collection. They typically explore a more narrowly focused dissertation than that of EdD students. PhD students often choose their specific area of research and then spend much of their time collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data so that they can draw informed conclusions. While EdD work looks at systemic progress and trends, PhD work typically examines education theory and methods, with the end goal of having them applied directly in the classroom.

Ultimately both degrees are associated with professionals who’ve earned leadership roles in education, and both degrees enable degree holders to make a positive impact on students’ lives and on educational communities.

Why Get an EdD?

One of the main reasons to get an EdD is that it can prepare graduates to take on leadership roles in different aspects of education. These are more commonly operational roles in academia, such as a higher education administrator. However, an EdD education can also lead to roles in a classroom setting, such as a professor.

The process of earning an EdD degree helps individuals gain expertise in concepts such as leadership, academic policy, and resource management. While these skills are often useful in administration, policy development and implication, and leadership contexts, an EdD can also give degree holders the foundational knowledge to conduct academic research. 

Choosing an EdD Program

No two EdD programs are alike. Exploring their differences can help prospective students determine the program that’s the right fit for them. EdD programs may offer varying specializations, for example, education policy and leadership or school administration. Programs can also differ in delivery options, such as online versus in-person coursework. 

Benefits of an Online EdD

Individuals who opt to pursue their EdD through an online program can benefit in several ways. A significant advantage is the flexibility of an online program, as its structure makes it possible for students to build their studies and coursework around their existing schedule.

Another benefit of an online EdD program is that students who are concurrently working full-time can immediately apply what they’ve learned to their job. Additionally, the flexibility of an online program fosters discipline, such as good time management, which is essential for professional success.

Become an Education Leader  

As society continues to evolve, effective leadership will be needed to guide educational institutions toward a brighter future. Earning an EdD can prepare an individual to guide others confidently as an academic leader, either in the classroom or in an administrative role. Being fully able to lead this charge can make earning an EdD an immensely satisfying achievement.

American University’s online EdD in Education Policy and Leadership program offers students a flexible option to participate in an innovative EdD program from one of the nation’s leading universities. Because the program is online, professionals have the ability to pursue their educational leadership goals and connect with established thought leaders and decision makers, all while still being able to balance their other responsibilities. 

Explore American University’s innovative program to learn more about how the EdD in Education Policy and Leadership program can help educators advance in their field and change lives.

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Indeed, “FAQ: Should I Get a Doctorate in Education? (Plus Career Options)”

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EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

Industry Advice Education

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is: Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future goals and career path, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities and key differences of an EdD and a PhD in Education to determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A Doctor of Education (EdD) is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A PhD in education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,” Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s Graduate School of Education , explains. “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD Degree?

An EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a professional doctorate best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More: 5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two dissertation topics recently explored through Northeastern’s EdD program .

Download Our Free Guide to Earning Your EdD

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What Can You Do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries and career options—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary Education Administrators: Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at $99,940 .
• Elementary and Secondary School Education Administrators: Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn an average of $106,850 per year .
• Top Executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of approximately $100,090 per year .
• Instructional Coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is roughly $66,490 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More: Top Careers with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD in Education is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in PhD or doctoral programs take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based on their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary Teachers: Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn an average $80,840 per year .
• Academic Researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average $83,971 per year .

EdD or PhD: Which is Better For You?

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be: What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals? The answer to this question will determine which degree program you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average $98,000 a year —nearly $20,000 more a year than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only one percent compared to the national unemployment rate of two percent.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

This article was originally published in July 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance.

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Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.: What’s The Difference?

Doctoral degrees are the pinnacle of achievement in higher education. They’re also particularly valuable if you want to become a leader in the education field. Whether you aspire to teach college, head a K-12 school system or become an organizational leader, you may be at a crossroads between choosing a Doctor of Education (Ed.D). or a Ph.D. in Education.

You’re probably wondering what the practical difference is between the Ed.D. and the Ph.D., as well as the career paths each prepares you for. We’re here to help answer those questions and more as we dive into the specifics of the Ed.D. vs. a Ph.D.

Ed.D.: The Professional Degree in Education

A Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) is a professional degree designed for practitioners who want to pursue roles as education or mission-driven leaders.

The Ed.D. degree originates over 100 years ago at Harvard University. Since its inception it has evolved into a multifaceted and nuanced program offered in varying forms at universities across the world. As this degree has grown, it is especially prevalent in online education. 

According to labor market analytics firm EMSI, Ed.D. degrees earned through online programs grew 238% from 2012 to 2020. 

As the popularity of the Ed.D. grows and its availability increases, many students are weighing the pros and cons of getting their Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. We’ve put together three lists to help you decipher the advantages, career paths and top considerations for potential Ed.D. students.

Top 3 Ed.D. Advantages 

Leadership training.  Ed.D. programs offer leadership and management training that is pivotal in creating thriving organizations and satisfied employees across industries.

Real-world application.  Ed.D. degrees are focused on preparing professionals to solve real-world problems in education and other mission-driven organizations.

Flexible career options.   An Ed.D. provides flexible career options, both in the field of education or as a leader in a mission-driven organization.

5 Popular Ed.D Career Paths

• School Principal: Principals act as the leader of K-12 schools, managing teachers and staff to set school goals and ensure students are meeting learning objectives. If you currently work in K-12 education, getting your Ed.D. is a great way to advance your career and increase your earning potential, as principals earn a median salary of $109,970.
• Superintendent: Superintendents are responsible for all school programs within their district. They work with school boards to create and carry out policies that will improve students’ learning outcomes. An Ed.D. degree is an ideal fit for this high-earning career, as superintendents can earn a median salary of $165,967 per year.
• College Professor: If you want to teach education full time at the college level, you will most likely need a doctoral degree. Professionals with Ed.D. degrees, especially those with industry experience, are a great fit for professional education programs at universities. College professors in the field of education earn an average base salary of $99,749.
• Higher Education Administrator: Administrators in higher education can work in a variety of departments and specialities. These professionals often oversee faculty, staff, curriculum, budgets and facilities within their department or college. Higher education administrators earn a median pay of $97,500 per year with projected job growth of 4% by 2029.
• Nonprofit Executive Director: These professionals develop goals, strategies and operational plans for nonprofit organizations. An Ed.D. with a focus in organizational leadership can prepare you for these roles that involve donor education, motivation and people management. Executive directors earn a median salary of $78,253 , with the top 10% earning over $114,053.

3 Big Considerations for Prospective Ed.D. Students

No universal standard across programs.  Ed.D. curriculum is not standardized, meaning each Ed.D. program may be different in its focus. It’s important to thoroughly research each Ed.D. program to ensure the curriculum aligns with your goals.

Not ideal for academia. An Ed.D. degree may not be the right fit if you want to pursue a career in academia with a heavy research focus. Most tier one research universities seek out candidates with Ph.D. degrees who want to conduct and publish research on the university’s behalf. 

J ust as rigorous as Ph.D. programs. Ed.D. programs are not easier than Ph.D. programs. If you’re considering an Ed.D. because you see it as a less intensive option than a Ph.D., that is a misconception. Be prepared for a rigorous academic program no matter which degree path you choose.

Earning a doctorate is challenging and rewarding, but do you know what to really expect? Download this free guide for tips and insights to help you prepare for success.

Ph.d.: the academic & research degree in education.

A Ph.D. in Education is a terminal degree that’s best suited for individuals who want a career in academia or research at the university level. Students in a Ph.D. program take a more theoretical approach to learning, which involves publishing original research to contribute to the field of education. A Ph.D. trains you to interpret existing knowledge, identify areas for exploration, and use critical analysis to move the discipline forward.

Let’s look at the advantages, career paths and considerations for pursuing a Ph.D. in Education so you can compare this degree option to the Ed.D. degree. 

Top 3 Ph.D. Advantages 

Stand out for academia and research positions. Gaining subject mastery and finely honed research skills can help you stand out for jobs at top tier research universities, research institutions or government agencies.

Advance education theory. Advance theory on a topic you’re passionate about while gaining professional credibility in that specialty. This may include advancing theory in areas such as cognitive learning theory, behaviorism learning theory, or connectivism learning theory, among others. 

Contribute to research. Collaborate directly with faculty and researchers to contribute original research in the field. This could include addressing issues such as the gender gap in STEM programs, mandating school standards, or standardized testing as an indicator of future success.

5 Popular Ph.D. Career Paths

• University Professor: A Ph.D. degree will help you compete for jobs at universities of all sizes. If you want to participate in research while also teaching, a Ph.D. is a great fit. College professors in the field of education earn an average base salary of $99,749.
• Academic Researcher: Getting your Ph.D. in education can also qualify you to work solely as a researcher in a university setting. Many educational researchers use their subject matter expertise to design and test academic programs that assist schools and universities with curriculum and measuring student progress. An academic researcher can expect to make an average $60,480 per year , while some make as much as $144,500.
• Education Policy Analyst: These professionals have a desire to shape the future of education by identifying and researching educational challenges and proposing data-backed policy solutions. The average salary for an education policy analyst is $63,129.
• Academic Dean: Academic deans are the head of their respective academic unit within a university. A Ph.D. in Education can prepare you to lead the education department and shape the curriculum and student experience.  The median salary for an academic dean is $72,528.
• Government Education Researcher: A Ph.D. in Education can qualify you to work with various government agencies, from local to federal, to conduct research that helps improve education quality. The average education researcher at the federal level can expect to earn $125,157. 

3 Big Considerations for Prospective Ph.D. Students

Less flexible scheduling. Ph.D. programs may not accommodate part-time study and may require in-residence study and research. While some online programs are available, if you’re looking to compete for top jobs at research universities, a full-time Ph.D. program is likely your best option.

Longer duration to complete. Ph.D.s in Education usually require 90 credit hours to complete, compared to approximately 60 credit hours for an Ed.D. This means your degree will take longer to earn and will likely cost more than an Ed.D.

Less competitive wages. Ph.D. degrees most often lead to careers in academia, which often pay less than the variety of public, private and nonprofit sector jobs you can pursue with an Ed.D.

Making The Right Degree Choice For Your Career Goals

Choosing the right doctoral degree is key to your success as a future educator or organizational leader. If you want to pursue a degree that is ideal for working professionals while learning to apply research to real-world problems, an Ed.D. can take your career to the next level.

Franklin University offers an online Ed.D. program that can be completed in as few as 3 years. The no-fear dissertation process helps you define your dissertation topic and integrate it into your coursework, so you can finish faster. Franklin also offers three different focus areas in Organizational Leadership, PK-12 Leadership and Higher Education Leadership, so you can specialize in the career path you're most passionate about.

Learn more about Franklin’s Ed.D. program and how it can help you advance your career.

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Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.

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Home / Ed.D. / Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.

For many lifelong learners, the decision to pursue a doctoral degree is a major step. But there are several questions to answer first: Is an Ed.D. the same as a Ph.D.? Which type of doctoral program is right for your career goals?

Below, we take a closer look at these degree options: the doctor of education (Ed.D.) and the doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education.

What Is a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)?

An Ed.D. is a doctoral degree designed for professionals who are eager to solve organizational challenges and lead meaningful change. The Ed.D. is a good fit for those interested in a career in educational leadership, but it can also be applied broadly across many industries and sectors.

Career options with an Ed.D. may include:

• University or college president
• Superintendent
• Development manager
• Curriculum developer
• Policy director

Postsecondary education administrator

$97,500 Median Annual Salary 1

What Is a Ph.D. in Education?

A Ph.D. in education is a doctorate in philosophy and is ideal for those interested in pursuing a career in research and advancing knowledge in an educational context.

Career options with a Ph.D. in education may include:

Postsecondary professor

• Research scholar
• Education director
• Policy researcher

$80,790 Median Annual Salary 2

The Difference Between an Ed.D. and a Ph.D.

When choosing between a Ph.D. and Ed.D., it’s important to consider what you want your future career to look like. A Ph.D. in education generally prepares you for a career in education research and teaching. An Ed.D. is designed to build your leadership capacity through research and practical applications of those research theories — in the education field and beyond.

Another difference to consider when weighing a Ph.D. vs. Ed.D. is the time commitment. A Ph.D. in education delves more deeply into a specific area of research, and can often take four to six years to complete. An Ed.D. can be completed in three years. Ed.D. students often work full time while pursuing their degree.

Ed.D. in Leadership and Learning in Organizations

The online Ed.D. in leadership and learning in organizations from Vanderbilt Peabody College of education and human development prepares mid-career professionals to become leaders who positively influence systemic change. Designed to help students strengthen their communication, management, and assessment skills, the 54-credit online program can be completed in three to four years.

Learn more about the online doctor or education (Ed.D.) in leadership and learning in organizations, including start dates and admissions requirements.

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1  U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (April 9, 2021).  Occupational Outlook Handbook: Postsecondary Education Administrators.  Retrieved May 6, 2021. arrow_upward Return to footnote reference

2  U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (April 9, 2021).  Occupational Outlook Handbook: Postsecondary Teacher.  Retrieved May 6, 2021. arrow_upward Return to footnote reference

EdD vs PhD: Which Education Degree Should You Get?

Teachers that are looking to use their leadership skills to create change in policy, curriculum, and research can use a doctorate degree to get roles in research, postsecondary schools, and K-12 education. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), postsecondary education jobs are projected to grow  12%  between 2020-2030.

However, teachers wanting to earn a high-level degree must choose between a doctor of education (EdD) or a doctor of philosophy in education (PhD) degree. While both are excellent options, the two degrees lead to very different coursework, requirements, and career outcomes.

What Are EdD and PhD In Education Degrees For?

A doctorate degree in education gives people a variety of career paths. The  different  programs can lead to private and public sector jobs including: 

• Administrator
• Superintendent
• Policy maker
• Postsecondary teacher
• College president
• Education director

The EdD and PhD are both terminal degrees that make teachers and educators experts in their fields. A good job outlook and growth projections make a doctorate degree worth the time and money. 

Picking Between an EdD or PhD In Education Program

The curriculum and job prospects of an EdD and PhD program are different. You should consider your interests and career goals when deciding which type of degree to obtain.

• A PhD program  is rooted in research and theory and students learn to interpret research.
• And EdD program  is rooted in leadership and application and students are taught how to apply the research to a real-world setting.

The EdD degree is available to professionals who already hold a master’s degree and want to advance their career and receive a boost in income. 

The EdD program prepares students to apply research to real-world settings and to find work in educational leadership. This degree  rewards  students with the skill set and ability to create change in their professional environment by:

• Develop the tools to become a better administrator
• Résumé credibility and expanded career search
• Learn the latest technology in instructional design
• Qualify for senior educational leadership positions

The overall goal of getting an EdD degree is to become a good leader and transfer knowledge to an education environment to create positive change. 

Coursework  includes a focus on professional leadership, solutions, and solving problems in practice. 

Teachers and administrators  are best suited for an EdD. Many programs are geared towards the working professional and are offered online or in a hybrid model. 

Those who complete an EdD degree often choose to work in a K-12 setting or in college administration.

On average, an EdD degree takes  three years  to complete including a dissertation. This timeframe can be dependent on: 

• Previous education
• Online vs. in-person programs
• Part-time vs. full-time study

Since obtaining an EdD degree is both time-consuming and a financial commitment, finding a program that meets a person’s career goals, work-life balance, and interests is critical.

EdD Career Outcomes And Salaries

Careers in education are growing and the job outlook for this profession is positive. Someone with an EdD degree can expect an increase in income and responsibility. 

A few examples of careers available to people with an EdD degree are highlighted below. 

• Median Salary: $80,560 
• Career Outlook: +912% (2020-2030)

Postsecondary teachers instruct students beyond high school. They are typically referred to as faculty or professors and may write books, conduct research, and publish papers. 

• Median Salary: $97,500 
• Career Outlook: +8% (2020-2030)

A postsecondary education administrator works in the college setting usually in student services, student affairs, admission, registrar’s office, or oversees faculty, research, and academics.

• Median Salary: $107,680 

Top executives are usually in charge of the organization’s big picture. They create strategies and policies to meet goals. 

• Median Salary: $98,490 

School principals oversee all aspects of the school setting including managing staff, curriculum, and the health and safety of the students. 

A PhD in education prepares people to  critically analyze and interpret  research. 

Those that hold a PhD become experts in a given field of education such as teaching practices, inequity in education, and how learning environments shape student outcomes. 

Coursework  includes a focus on education, quantitative and qualitative research, and a close collaboration with faculty. 

A PhD  dissertation  focuses on creating new research in a particular field whereas a dissertation in an EdD program focuses on solving a particular problem found in a school setting. 

People who have a passion for new research and advanced theory along with the desire to become an expert in a particular education field are best suited for a PhD in education. 

Career options  for those that hold a PhD in education include:

• University professor
• Research scholar
• Policy researcher

PhD of education students will enjoy using their skill set to shape new research and create best practices that will affect teaching and learning for years to come.

On average, a PhD in education degree takes  4-6 years  to complete including an original research dissertation.  

Unlike the EdD degree, the PhD program is a full-time commitment and not well suited for the working professional. Not many schools offer an online PhD in Education program. 

Program timeline may be dependent on:

• Student funding 
• Dissertation complexity

Since obtaining a PhD degree is both time-consuming and a financial commitment, finding a program that meets a person’s career goals, work-life balance, and interests is critical.

PhD In Education Career Outcomes And Salaries

As with EdD careers, careers for PhD graduates are projected to see significant job growth. Someone with a PhD degree can expect an increase in income and responsibility. 

While EdD professionals seek to obtain roles as superintendents, deans, principals, and other education administrative positions, PhD professionals seek roles as professors, scholars, and researchers. 

• Career Outlook: +12% (2020-2030)

Postsecondary professors instruct students beyond high school. They may also be referred to as faculty. Professors often write books, conduct research, and publish papers.

Postsecondary education administrators who hold a PhD may oversee faculty research, or work in student affairs, attendance, and academics.

• Median Salary: $59,870 
• Career Outlook: +4% (2020-2030)

Survey researchers conduct qualitative research and analyze the data for trends that can influence education policy and help shape education decisions and plans.

Doctor Of Education (EdD) vs Educational Specialist (EdS)

Another option for career advancement in education is the educational specialist (EdS). An EdS is a postgraduate degree for those that already have a master’s degree, but don’t want to pursue a doctorate. This program is designed for the working professional who wants to add to their skill set but in half the time it takes to complete an EdD program. 

The EdS is a  graduate certificate  that does not require a dissertation or capstone project to complete and is geared towards those that work in the K-12 setting. However, this option is not designed for people who want to work in higher education or organizational leadership.

What To Look For In Educational Doctoral Degree Programs

When comparing different EdD and PhD programs, you should also consider factors outside of career outcomes such as online flexibility and accreditation. 

Online vs. On-Campus Learning

While most PhD programs are full-time and conducted in person, online EdD programs are becoming more abundant, and many schools offer the option to complete the degree on a part-time or full-time basis to accommodate busy schedules and the working professional. The biggest benefits of online learning include:

• Flexibility and self-paced learning
• Better time management
• Improved virtual and communication and collaboration
• Faster graduation times
• Ability to work from anywhere

Accreditation

Accreditation is critical for any educational institute. It certifies that the school and its curriculum meet the appropriate standards and qualifications outlined by the  U.S. Department of Education  and/or the  Council for Higher Education  accreditation. 

Choosing a school that is accredited is extremely important and it gives degrees credibility and validity and will be valued by employers. 

Many programs and departments within a school may have a separate accreditation called programmatic accreditation. This accreditation elevates the credibility of the program and shows that the department has designed a program that meets a standard of excellence. 

Programmatic accreditation also ensures that students will receive the appropriate training and knowledge to be successful in their given fields. 

Applying To Education Doctoral Programs

Admissions requirements for education doctoral programs depend on the type of school, degree, and program modality desired. A master’s degree, letters of recommendation, GRE score, work experience, and prior grades are a few examples of typical education doctoral application requirements.

Admission Requirements For EdD and PhD Programs

Admission requirements for an  EdD program  typically include:

• A minimum grade point average of 3.0 in the last 60 units of upper-division courses taken
• Passing GRE score
• Three academic or professional letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose
• Essay on an assigned topic
• Master’s or specialist degree in education 
• Three years practical experience
• Currently employed as a full-time educator
• Application fee

Admission requirements for a  PhD program  typically include:

• Statement of purpose
• Three letters of recommendation 
• College and university transcripts

EdD vs PhD in Education FAQ

• One degree is not considered “better” than the other. Both the PhD and EdD pathways end in a terminal doctorate degree and both programs are designed for different career goals and interests.
• An EdD is a terminal doctorate degree that is designed for the working educational professional (teacher or administrator) who wants to advance their career and apply research in a real-life setting.
• An EdD program is typically three years in length, while a PhD program typically takes four to six years to complete. 
• The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that doctoral degrees in education are a growing profession that offers both rewarding and healthy salaries for those who pursue them.
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm
• https://rossier.usc.edu/phd-vs-edd-in-education-nine-expert-tips-to-help-you-choose-with-infographic/
• https://www.franklin.edu/blog/is-a-doctorate-in-education-worth-it
• https://www.eddprograms.org/resources/is-an-edd-worth-it/
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/postsecondary-education-administrators.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/top-executives.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/elementary-middle-and-high-school-principals.htm
• https://www.waldenu.edu/programs/education/resource/how-to-tell-if-i-want-an-edd-or-a-phd-in-education
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/survey-researchers.htm
• https://www.onlineeddprograms.com/faqs/edd-vs-eds-degree
• https://education.ufl.edu/curriculum-teaching/edd/admissions-requirements/
• https://ed.stanford.edu/admissions/application-reqs/phd

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EdD vs PhD: Which One is Right For You?

It’s important to understand what is an EdD vs PhD before you can drill down into the individual programs and choose the course that’s right for you.  Both doctorates are equivalent in level; however, there’s more than one difference between EdD and PhD when it comes to the nature and content of the degrees.

An EdD is an advanced degree focused on developing practical skills, while a PhD is centered around theory-based research.

Let’s start by examining both types of doctorate degrees in detail.

Table of Contents

What Does EdD Stand For & What Is an EdD Degree?

EdD is short for “Doctor of Education.” An EdD typically involves practical research, participation in workshops, and other advanced practical skills. For instance, as part of your studies, you may have to implement a new program and submit its findings to your supervisor.

The subject of study depends on the specialty you choose. For example, you may pursue an EdD in finding the best educational practices. This could involve spending time in a range of classrooms to understand the current education system and identify innovations that may be valuable.

Experts recommend an EdD for education professionals who want to drive change in the current educational system. Candidates for a Doctor of Education include education professionals from a diverse range of fields, from teachers of K-12 students to educators working in government and military settings.

Generally speaking, an EdD is designed to give you skills and knowledge that you can easily apply to a real-world environment. This is a high-level, complex degree that goes far beyond research. Students will not only research their specific area of interest, but they will also apply this research to their work and community to drive decision-making and innovation in the real world.

What Can You Do With an EdD Degree?

EdD programs are designed to prepare students for leadership roles in the education sector, where they can apply their learning and research to improve learning outcomes and the sector in general. While these programs focus on the educational sector, they have a broad scope and can be applied to other industries, not just education.

Most EdD graduates manage or lead schools, universities, colleges, and other advanced educational institutions. Other roles may include training teachers, driving innovative change in educational approaches, and performing research in their respective fields.

Here are some other roles that you may secure thanks to an EdD qualification:

●      Postsecondary Education Administrator:  These administrators work in universities and colleges to manage admissions, student affairs, and the institution in general. These professionals may hold the title of dean, vice president, and president of the school. The average salary  of a postsecondary education administrator is around $46.87 per hour or $97,500 per year.

●        Elementary School Administrator: These professionals are in charge of staffing and general management of elementary schools.

●        Top Executives: Executives are responsible for developing business plans and strategies that can help organizations in the education sector meet their goals. They also oversee academic performance, school programs, and other institutional tasks.

●  Coordinators:  Coordinators manage the curricula and other educational matters at elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges. A coordinator helps tutors to apply effective teaching strategies while managing the overall effectiveness of programs.

These are just a few of the many career opportunities for EdD graduates.

What Is a PhD?

A PhD is a doctoral degree for students who want to pursue theory-based research in their area of specialization. As opposed to an EdD, a PhD typically has a more theory-based approach to education. The goal is to master a particular subject or improve on sting research by adding unique findings.

This degree is best suited to those who wish to become academics, whether in the fields of research or teaching. As part of completing a PhD program , students often publish their work in reputed journals and present at national conferences, helping to further their academic careers.

What Can You Do With a PhD?

A PhD opens up a range of career opportunities. You can start working as an assistant professor while completing your PhD, or work as a full-time professor, researcher, or school administrator after graduation.

After completing a PhD, most graduates secure roles in one of two main areas:

• Postsecondary Teachers:  PhD graduates are qualified to teach at a university level. When postsecondary teachers are not teaching, they attend conferences and work on academic papers. A postsecondary teacher can make up to $80,560  a year, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
• Academic Researcher:  Research, both within universities and for private institutions, is another common career pathway for PhD holders. Academic researcher salaries vary depending on the area of specialty, type of research, and amount of time invested in the research.

PhD vs EdD: Key Differences

Both a PhD and an EdD are doctorate degrees, but each type of degree has a different academic environment and different associated career paths. If you are interested in pursuing a career in academia, a PhD is your best bet. This degree focuses on theory-based research and equips you to become a university professor or academic researcher.

On the other hand, if you’re interested in a leadership role in the education sector, a Doctorate in Education is probably the best option for you. This kind of degree is most suitable for candidates who want to pursue leadership roles in colleges, universities, government agencies, and non-profit organizations. Armed with an EdD degree, you can also become a trainer or an instructor across a range of industries.

Here are a few key differences between an EdD and PhD in education:

●        An EdD typically requires only 60 units of credits while a PhD usually needs 90 credits, depending on the program.

●        An EdD takes around three years to complete full time. A PhD, on the other hand, can take from three years to five years, or even more, depending on the field you choose.

●        An EdD is a largely practical course, while a PhD is a research-based program that typically focuses on theoretical concepts.

PhD Versus EdD – Career Opportunities

Generally speaking, an EdD will help you to secure a leadership role in the education sector, while a PhD opens up career opportunities in research and academia.

A PhD can help you pursue a career as a:

• School curriculum coordinator
• Professor or assistant professor
• Academic researcher
• Educational consultant

An EdD can help you become a:

• School or college leader
• Policymaker
• Decision maker
• Curriculum developer

These are just a few of the potential career directions, with a wealth of career opportunities available for students who complete either of these types of doctorate programs.

Is a PhD Better Than an EdD?

A PhD and an EdD are equivalent in level. However, they do support different career paths. A PhD is more valuable if you’re seeking a career in academia.

Can an EdD be called a Doctor?

Yes, absolutely! An EdD is a doctorate degree and graduates earn the title of Doctor. An EdD refers to a Doctor of Education , so yes, you will be called a doctor after completing this program.

Can You Be a Professor With an EdD?

Yes. Once you have completed your EdD degree, you will be qualified to teach students at a post-secondary level, for example, at a university or college. Many universities hire professors and assistant professors with an EdD degree, though it is more common for academic teaching and research staff to have a PhD.

Final Thoughts

When it comes to an EdD vs PhD in Education, both are high-level, valuable degrees that open up a range of career opportunities in the education sector. When deciding between an EdD or PhD, remember the key differences. An EdD has a more practical focus, and is designed to help you become an education leader or policymaker. On the other hand, a PhD is largely based around theoretical research and will allow you to become a university professor or academic researcher.

For more choosing the right advanced degree for you, take a look at our guide to master’s and PhD timelines , as well as our round-up of the top 20 online PhD programs.

Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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Ed.D. vs. Ph.D.: What’s the Difference?

Professionals in fields like higher education and healthcare who want to continue to grow in their careers often consider further education. However, for the aspiring leader or educator who already holds a master’s degree, the question to consider is: what is the difference between an Ed.D. and Ph.D.?

While these degree programs have some overlap, they are distinct in their coursework and intended outcomes. Understanding these differences can help professionals choose the right program for them and ensure that their degree choice aligns with their professional goals. For example, a Ph.D. is research-intensive, while an Ed.D. is practitioner-based. The differences don’t stop there — the number of credit hours, program length, and goal of student projects vary between the Ph.D. and Ed.D. as well.

Consider the similarities and differences between the Ph.D. and Ed.D. to discover the best program for your professional path.

What is a Ph.D.? 

A Ph.D., which is short for Doctor of Philosophy, is an academic degree that is heavily focused on research, data, and theory. A Ph.D. is the most advanced degree an individual can earn in a given area of study or professional field, also known as a terminal degree.

Typically, a Ph.D. program prepares students for faculty and/or researcher roles. While some graduates work as practitioners, most Ph.D.-holders tend to choose occupations in areas like academia or theoretical development.

Ph.D. programs usually feature around 90 credit hours and tend to take five or more years to complete. 

What is an Ed.D.?

Short for Doctor of Education, an Ed.D. is a practitioner-focused doctorate that is specifically designed for professionals aspiring to education leadership roles in various fields. Like the Ph.D., the Ed.D. is considered a terminal degree in the field of education.

A primary difference between the Ph.D. and Ed.D. is that the Ph.D. focuses only on research while the Ed.D. emphasizes the practical application of research. Additionally, the Ph.D. tends to prepare graduates for roles in academia, while the Ed.D. has greater cross-industry potential. For example, an Ed.D. graduate may become a scholar or faculty member, but, depending on their experience and interests, they may also pursue an industry-specific role like Nurse Educator or Chief Learning Officer.

Students can typically complete their Ed.D. program in 2–3 years. The degree plan tends to comprise around 60 credit hours.

What are the benefits of earning a Ph.D.?

For professionals who are interested in an academic career path, the Ph.D. offers several benefits. Many fields of study require that professors or researchers hold a Ph.D. in the given subject. A terminal degree is almost always required for tenure-track professor positions at most universities, and in many fields, that terminal degree is a Ph.D.

Ph.D.-holders are also seen as credible experts in their areas of research. As a result, they may be called upon to contribute further to their field by researching, writing, writing and speaking.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , individuals who earn a Ph.D. also have low unemployment rates and relatively high earnings. In 2021, for example, doctoral-degree holders earned a median weekly rate of $1909 and a 1.5 percent unemployment rate. In contrast, master’s degree holders earned a median weekly rate of $1574 and faced an unemployment rate of 2.6 percent.

What are the benefits of earning an Ed.D.?

The Ed.D. is an ideal degree choice for the professional who wants to become a leader and educator in their industry field. Rather than focusing primarily on theoretical research, the Ed.D. prepares practitioners to apply research, data, and insights in the workplace.

Through coursework in educational leadership, managerial communications, and organizational behavior, Ed.D. students become equipped for the highest levels of leadership in various organizations.

Since the BLS does not distinguish between the Ph.D. and Ed.D., instead measuring the salary and unemployment standards among all doctoral degree holders, the median weekly wage of $1,909 and an unemployment rate of 1.5 percent apply here as well.

Learn more about RUO's Online Ed.D Programs

What can I do with a Ph.D.?

Individuals who earn a Ph.D. often decide to pursue career paths in academia, such as a faculty position at a college or university. Often called professors or faculty members, postsecondary teachers teach courses beyond the high school level. Often, they are also responsible for conducting ongoing research, publishing scholarly articles and books, and serving as an expert in their area of study.

As employees of a college or university, postsecondary teachers often perform job duties such as:

• Developing syllabi and course outlines
• Planning lessons, projects, quizzes, and tests
• Advising students
• Collaborating with colleagues on curriculum 

Postsecondary teachers earn an average salary of $79,640 per year. Their job outlook rate is faster than average, with 12% growth expected between 2020–2030.

In addition to postsecondary teaching roles, Ph.D.-holders may also pursue opportunities as postdoctoral, academic, or professional researchers. 

What can I do with an Ed.D.?

An important difference between the Ph.D. and Ed.D. is the range of practitioner-based roles available to professionals who earn an Ed.D.. Since the Ed.D. focuses on applying research and theory directly to the workplace, there are many leadership positions available to Ed.D. graduates who are already practiced in putting their knowledge to work in real-world ways.

Like Ph.D. graduates, Ed.D.-holding professionals may also become postsecondary teachers. Oftentimes, Ed.D. graduates who become faculty do so in highly practical fields like education or healthcare. They use their Ed.D. and industry knowledge to prepare the next generation of professionals in their field with both theory and practical application that directly applies to their careers.

Ed.D. graduates may also pursue industry-specific roles, each of which has specific duties, salaries, and job outlooks. A few examples include:

• Chief Learning Officer: Responsible for employee learning and development, the Chief Learning Officer develops strategies and programs that further educate and enrich a company’s employees in alignment with organizational goals and desired outcomes. The median annual wage for top executives was $98,720 in May 2021, and the projected job growth between 2020–2030 is 8 percent.
• Postsecondary Education Administrator: Working in roles like dean, provost, and registrar, postsecondary education administrators manage and direct various departments and colleges within higher education institutions. Their 2021 median pay was $96,910, and their projected job growth between 2020 and 2030 is as fast as average at 8 percent.
• Superintendent: As the highest-ranking official, a superintendent can be thought of as the chief executive officer in a school district. They oversee all academic and administrative endeavors of the elementary and secondary schools in their district. The median annual salary for Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary was $98,420 in May 2021. Top executives project job growth rate between 2020 and 2030 is 8 percent. 

How can I get a Ph.D.?

Individuals who are interested in a Ph.D. program first need to obtain the relevant bachelor’s or master’s degrees that are required in order to apply. Once enrolled, a Ph.D. program will require the completion of both coursework and a dissertation. While many Ph.D. programs take place in person, there are online Ph.D. programs available as well. 

How can I get a Doctorate of Education? 

At Rockhurst University, professionals can earn their Ed.D. degree fully online in just two years. Applicants can enroll with a master’s degree or 33 graduate credits. Upon acceptance, students will take courses and complete a doctoral capstone project that aligns with their area of concentration: Higher Education , K–12 Leadership , or Health Care Education .

Cohort-based classes support student success and facilitate positive connections between faculty and students. Recognizing that Ed.D. students are working professionals, the program is flexible, accessible, and has no travel requirement. One virtual residency and a doctoral capstone project ensure that each student is empowered to tailor their academic experience to their workplace goals and objectives.

Recent capstone projects from the program highlight the thoughtful, practical approach that characterizes the degree:

• Deferred action for childhood arrival (DACA) students in higher education (Laura Cordoba Dominquez, 2022): This research examines the experiences of DACA students in higher education. The researcher analyzes the challenges of DACA students, how they overcome these challenges, and what higher education institutions can do to help DACA students to be successful in U.S. colleges.
• Differences in the achievement of learning outcomes among various modalities at the U.S. Army (Ashley Richter, 2022): This research examines the differences in student learning outcomes amongst students who attended the US Army’s Command and General Staff College’s Staff Officers’ Course via varying modalities (including face-to-face, virtual synchronous, asynchronous, and computer-based instruction), explored possible reasons for these differences, and solutions to create equitable outcomes for all CGSOC students.
• What are the impacts of international service trips on the cultural competency and clinical skills of Doctor of Physical Therapy students? (Chris Johnson, 2022): This research evaluates the impact of international service-learning trips on the cultural competency and clinical skills of physical therapy students. The results of this study will provide insights for developing international service-learning projects in higher education.

As a Catholic, Jesuit, liberal arts university, Rockhurst University emphasizes comprehensive and supportive education that prepares students to engage the world as compassionate, thoughtful leaders. Learn more about Rockhurst’s online Ed.D. in Education and Leadership program.

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Rockhurst University’s online programs are delivered by the highly reputable Saint Luke’s ™ College of Nursing and Health Sciences and the School of Education. As an educational leader serving exceptional students in the field of health care and education, we are committed to preparing the workforce of tomorrow with our unique programs designed to prepare graduates to meet the needs of diverse populations and work in various organizations.

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EdD vs PhD in Education: Expert Insights, Key Differences & How to Choose

Debating between an Ed.D. and Ph.D. in Education? Our guide can help you make a sensible decision! Quickly compare Ed.D. and Ph.D. in Education benefits. Hear what experts and graduates think. Learn more about degree requirements & coursework. And get answers to practical questions about choosing a doctorate in education.

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. in Education: How to Choose

Why choose a doctor of education (ed.d.).

An Ed.D. is formally known as a “Doctor of Education” program. An Ed.D. is a terminal degree focused on real-world practice and leadership , making it appealing to working professionals such as teachers, adjunct professors, and education administrators.

• Practical Applicability:  Doctor of Education programs focus on applied research in educational settings. So you’ll have plenty of opportunities to put your learning into immediate effect in your workplace. Better yet, an Ed.D. typically culminates with a dissertation, DiP, or capstone that focuses on tackling a specific problem of practice. You’ll be able to develop & test solutions to a thorny issue in your field (e.g. reducing drop-out rates, supporting student veterans, improving curricula, etc.). You may even be able to earn endorsements & certifications along the way.
• Flexible Time-Frame:  Doctor of Education programs tend to be much shorter than Ph.D. in Education programs. The quickest paths are 2-Year Ed.D. Programs , but even standard Ed.D. programs can be finished in 3 years. If you need extra time, many universities will allow you up to 7 years to complete your doctorate.
• Employment-Friendly: Ed.D. programs are designed for working professionals who are interested in qualifying for educational leadership roles. That means they are often a) structured on a part-time schedule; and b) delivered in an online or low-residency format. Talk to your employer about your career plans. You may be eligible for employee education benefits or other incentives that will help reduce the cost of your degree (e.g. tuition discounts with partner schools).
• Professional Collaborations: Doctorates of education are ideal places to learn from peers and expand your career network. You’ll be amongst a crowd of dedicated education professionals in mid-level administrative & leadership positions. A number of doctorate in education programs are arranged in a cohort format, with plenty of opportunities for group work. Some doctorates culminate in team-based capstone projects. Ed.D. graduates even end up hiring each other.

Ed.D. Career Paths

Ed.D. students often have 3+ years of educational leadership experience under their belts before they even start a doctoral program in education. That means Ed.D. graduates often qualify for mid- and high-level positions such as:

• PreK-12 Education Administrators (e.g. Principal, Superintendent, etc.)
• Instructional Coordinators
• Postsecondary Education Administrators
• CEOs of Educational Organizations & Companies
• Education Lobbyists & Consultants

In fact, many folks choose to make the leap to an Ed.D. after they’ve been advised to by their employers. It’s a practical qualification that often leads to promotions and/or a salary boost in districts, schools, or universities. For a complete rundown of post-graduation opportunities, see our Ed.D. Career & Salary Guide .

Why Choose a Ph.D. in Education?

A Ph.D. is formally known as a “Doctor of Philosophy” program. A Ph.D. in Education is a terminal degree focused on developing original academic research in the field of education . It’s the degree of choice for university professors, researchers, academics, and high-level policy makers.

• Deep-Dive Research: Unlike Doctor of Education programs, which are usually built on applying existing research, Ph.D. in Education programs are focused on generating new research. Through their discoveries, Ph.D. graduates are expected to push their fields in unique directions. If you’re interested in exploring advanced theory & data-informed decision making, you can’t go wrong with a Ph.D. in Education.
• Respected in Academic Circles: A Ph.D. in Education is designed to train graduates for higher education faculty positions (e.g. Professor of Education) and top-level research & policy positions. Your training will often contain teaching & research apprenticeships, conference visits, and opportunities to submit to scholarly publications. All of these elements are designed to impress university hiring committees.
• Generous Funding: Ph.D. in Education programs are often fully funded—you don’t pay anything for the program. In addition to covering your doctoral tuition, a university may also provide you with a stipend and living quarters. Even if programs aren’t fully funded, you may still be eligible for generous Ph.D. scholarships and fellowships.
• Opportunities to Create System-Wide Change: Through your original research, you could end up rethinking best practices, teaching & learning strategies, and established government policies. This could be the starting point for change in the system, especially if you’re training the next generation of educational leaders.

Ph.D. in Education Career Paths

Ph.D. in Education students are trained to be experts in research and university-level teaching. So it follows that jobs for graduates are focused in these two realms:

• University Professor/Education Faculty
• Research Specialist
• Director of Education
• Education Program Manager
• Senior-Level Policy Researcher/Analyst

But keep an open mind on career paths. Ph.D. in Education graduates can also be found in educational leadership positions within PreK-20 settings (e.g. University President), government, consultancies, and non-profits. You don’t have to go into academia.

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. in Education: Key Differences

What do educational experts say.

To learn more about the differences between Ed.D. and Ph.D. in Education programs, we spoke with Dr. Jill Perry, M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Practice at the University of Pittsburgh. Dr. Perry serves as Executive Director of the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) . She has 25+ years of experience in educational leadership and program development, professional doctorate preparation research, and classroom teaching. Dr. Perry is also a Fulbright Scholar and returned Peace Corps Volunteer.

Learn more about Dr. Perry’s work at the University of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) . You can also watch the great video that CPED put together on the Ed.D. vs Ph.D. discussion.

Q: Where did the misconception of the Ph.D. being “better” than the Ed.D. come from?

The Ph.D. has been around for centuries. It’s been associated with developing expertise in a certain content area and pursuing an academic or research career that would generate more knowledge about that content through various forms of study. The U.S. Ph.D. is modeled after the German Ph.D., which is based on empirical research. When the Ed.D. was created at Harvard in 1920-21, it was developed as a degree for a burgeoning group of leaders in the Boston Public School System. The inventor of the degree, Henry Holmes, wanted to create a professional title and degree for men who would supervise several schools at a time (essentially the superintendency). He used the Ph.D. design but subtracted research courses (and eventually the language requirement) and allowed candidates to study practical issues in schools. Additionally, he recruited Ph.D. faculty to teach in the program. From there, the degree was adopted at institutions around the country and treated as a practitioner degree with fewer credits/courses than the research degree for the School of Education. You can read more about the issue in “ What History Reveals about the Education Doctorate .”

Q: Why is this notion misguided?

The Ph.D. is not better than the Ed.D. They are different degrees with different purposes. It’s similar to the distinction between a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and an MD—a Ph.D. student conducts research to generate new knowledge for the medical field, whereas the MD student is a practitioner who works directly with patients. They are taught different skills for different careers.

Q: How has the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) helped to strengthen the Ed.D.?

CPED is a consortium of over 115 Schools of Education. We have worked collaboratively at the faculty level to develop an understanding of what practitioners need to be able to transform practice with skills learned in Ed.D. programs. In doing so, we have created a Framework that guides members (and non-members) in developing Ed.D. programs that focus on preparing students to become scholarly practitioners, or those that blend practical wisdom with inquiry and research to improve local problems. We do not view the Ed.D. as “less than” a Ph.D. Rather, we view it as a professional degree that requires preparation in skills, knowledge, and dispositions that result in practitioners who can change, improve, and impact educational settings. Our framework is intentionally flexible so that members can adapt it to their local context and needs to design the strongest program they can for practitioners.

Q: There’s a lot of advice on the benefits of pursuing an Ed.D., but are there situations when you advise against pursuing it?

If you want to become a tenure track faculty member or a researcher in a company such as the RAND corporation, you wouldn’t want the Ed.D. While CPED emphasizes the strong role that research and inquiry have in Ed.D. programs, we stress that these skills are taught to be applied to practice for immediate change and improvement. Those who do research for publication need to learn a different research skill set—how to design studies that result in generalizable knowledge or development of theories. They need to learn how to publish their work in journals, how to advise students, and how to teach. The job description of a tenure-line faculty position is vastly different than the job of a superintendent of schools. Their training should also be different. We do see Ed.D. graduates in academia, however. There are those who were trained under the Ed.D. when it was a research degree at some institutions. These faculty are researchers. We also see retired practitioners who assume clinical faculty positions where they teach from their practice perspective and are not expected to do academic research.

Q: What does the future of the Ed.D. look like? How do you see it changing over the next five to ten years?

We have just celebrated the 100th year anniversary of the Ed.D. With those 100 years came a lot of confusion and misunderstanding about the degree. In the past 14 years, CPED has done much to shift the understanding and the design of Ed.D. programs towards a doctorate that is the highest form of preparation for educational practitioners who can transform practice. We see the future of the Ed.D. continuing to strengthen as a professional degree. In the next 5-10 years, we anticipate that more institutions will redesign their Ed.D. programs to fit the practitioner model. CPED will work collaboratively to shape the future through continuous improvement and assessment to meet the needs of educational practice.

What Do Ed.D. and Ph.D. Graduates on Reddit Say?

Is pursuing an ed.d. worth it.

Yes, but only if you know what you’re going to use it for. No one should be earning an Ed.D. without speaking to their employer and alumni first. Most Ed.D. graduates on Reddit say that their experience was worth it. But that’s also because they were looking for a workplace-focused doctorate with a lot of practical applications.

You’ll also need to think about the worth of the program itself. Will you be encouraged by your Ed.D. professors to try new approaches? Will you enjoy the internships and the laboratories of practice? Will you be able to take advantage of the career resources? Will you be satisfied with a less research-intensive program than a Ph.D.? If not, don’t do it.

Which Doctorate is More Valued in the Workplace?

In the world of academia and science-based disciplines, doctoral graduates say the answer is simple—a Ph.D. is most valuable degree to hold. It shows employers that you have spent years working on research in your field. Even the most rigorous Ed.D. programs don’t contain 3-6 years of full-time study. When it comes to faculty positions and high-level research openings, a Ph.D. candidate is almost always going to trump an Ed.D. candidate.

But plenty of Reddit commentators point out that “value” is a loaded term. An Ed.D. may be incredibly valuable if you’re working on earning your principal or superintendent certification, applying for a pay rise within your district, or looking for an executive leadership degree that will transform your approach to educational administration. It’s horses for courses.

Why Are Ed.D. Programs Looked Down Upon?

Reddit users point out that one of the reasons that the Ed.D. gets a bad rap is because mediocre universities use the degree as a “cash cow.” They pump out poorly planned online programs, lower their admissions standards, and ask students to pay big bucks for a doctorate. This has the unfortunate effect of devaluing Ed.D. programs offered by top-notch Colleges of Education.

If you are thinking of earning an Ed.D., be aware that you may run into this preconception in certain fields. The best way to combat the stigma is to choose a well-reviewed program that is designed to help you achieve your specific career goals. Then you won’t care what others say—because you’ll be enjoying the benefits of your new job.

Ed.D. vs Ph.D. in Education: Degree Structure

Admissions requirements, ed.d. vs ph.d. in education coursework, ed.d. curriculum.

Coursework for the doctorate in education will depend on the concentration—the curriculum for an Ed.D. in Educational Leadership is going to be different to an Ed.D. in Counseling and Psychology . But all Ed.D. programs share the same general structure:

• Core Coursework: Theory, Practice & Policy
• Research Courses: Quantitative & Qualitative
• Concentration Credits & Electives
• Internships & Fieldwork
• Dissertation, Dissertation in Practice (DiP), or Capstone: Address a Problem of Practice

Ph.D. in Education Curriculum

As you might expect, Ph.D. in Education programs tend to be heavy on research, theory, methodologies, and ethics. Colleges of Education want to provide you with all the advanced tools you need to complete your dissertation. You’ll be looking at:

• Core Coursework: Often with a Research Slant
• Concentration Credits
• Doctoral Colloquia/Seminars
• Research & Teaching Apprenticeships
• Traditional Dissertation

In addition to passing courses, Ph.D. in Education students are often required to hit various degree benchmarks. These include:

• Doctoral Presentations
• Comprehensive Exams
• Publishable Articles
• Literature Review
• Oral Defense of Proposed Research Topic
• Final Dissertation Defense

Ed.D. vs Ph.D. in Education: Concentrations

Examples of ed.d. concentrations.

Doctor of Education programs are available in a dizzying area of concentrations—you’re sure to find a specialization that matches your career interests. For a detailed exploration, including Ph.D. vs. Ed.D. comparisons for each field, check out the following subject guides:

• Adult Education
• Christian Education Leadership
• Counseling and Psychology
• Curriculum and Instruction
• Early Childhood Education
• Educational Leadership
• Educational Technology
• Health and Physical Education
• Higher Education
• Mathematics Education
• Music Education
• Nursing Education
• Organizational Leadership
• Science Education
• Special Education
• TESOL & Bilingual Education

Examples of Ph.D. in Education Concentrations

The Ph.D. in Education follows a similar pattern. Doctoral concentrations will be available in many of the same subjects, including Educational Leadership. But it’s worth doing a little digging. Colleges of Education often offer unique Ph.D. in Education specializations that play to their strengths. For example:

• The Ph.D. in Education from Harvard’s Graduate School of Education (GSE) is available in 3 concentrations: 1) Culture, Institutions, and Society; 2) Education Policy and Program Evaluation; and 3) Human Development, Learning and Teaching.
• The Ph.D. in Education from Rowan’s Global Campus comes in 5 concentrations: 1) Counselor Education; 2) Literacy Education; 3) Higher and Postsecondary Education; 4) Special Education; and 5) Urban and Diverse Learning Environments.
• The Ph.D. in Education from UNC’s School of Education includes 4 concentrations: 1) Applied Developmental Sciences & Special Education (ADSSE); 2) Learning Sciences & Psychological Studies (LSPS); 3) Policy, Leadership & School Improvement (PLS); and 4) Culture, Curriculum & Teacher Education (CCTE).

The most important element in the Ph.D. equation is going to be your faculty advisor/mentor—this is the person who will guide you through your research work and your dissertation. Once you have a concentration or two in mind, start looking into the background of professors. Collaboration is going to be key.

Online Delivery for Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. Programs

Ed.d. online availability.

Ed.D. programs are built for working professionals, so many universities offer online or low residency doctorates in education. Even if you are expected to come to campus, it will only be for brief residencies or degree benchmarks (e.g. dissertation defense).

For a comprehensive overview of your options, check out the Online Ed.D. Rankings & Nationwide Directory of Programs . You’ll be able to choose from a huge range of concentrations.

Ph.D. in Education Online Availability

Ph.D. in Education programs have traditionally been offered on campus. In this way, Ph.D. students have immediate access to:

• Faculty advisors & mentors
• University lecture rooms for their teaching assistantships
• A huge range of university resources (e.g. libraries, research institutes & labs, affiliated K-12 schools, etc.)

Online Ph.D. in Education programs do exist, but they tend to be offered by private online universities instead of brick & mortar institutions. These aren’t going to look very good on a résumé.

If you need to be at home, you could consider a low residency option from a regionally accredited university (e.g. Rowan, Lesley, etc.). COVID-19 has caused a shake-up in learning practices, so you may see more of these programs being offered in the future.

Ed.D. vs. Ph.D. in Education: 5 Questions to Ask Yourself

1. why do i want to earn an education doctorate.

Any doctoral program in education is going to require a significant investment of time & resources. So it’s important to ask yourself this basic question. Sometimes the answer is simple:

• You wish to use your Ed.D. to make thoughtful & research-driven improvements in your school, district, college/university, or educational realm.
• You need an Ed.D. in order to qualify for a specific job position (e.g. Superintendent).
• You want to earn a Ph.D. in order to become a Professor of Education at a college or university.
• You’d like to apply your Ph.D. research to governmental policy or education program development.

But we know that sometimes the answer is complicated. If you’re struggling with your decision, talk to everyone—recent graduates, professional mentors, LinkedIn contacts, colleagues—anyone who can give you seasoned advice.

2. What Are My Long-Term Career Goals?

Make a list of your 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year career goals. This will give you a sense of whether you’re heading in a professional direction (e.g. Ed.D.) or a research-focused direction (e.g. Ph.D.).

Once you have your list in hand, have a look at recent job postings for your ideal career. In reality, an Ed.D. or a Ph.D. is acceptable for a number of high-level educational leadership & teaching positions. Choose a doctoral program in education that suits you best.

3. What Are the Practical Considerations?

The following factors are going to weigh heavily in your decision:

• Time-Frame:  Doctor of Education programs tend to be shorter than Ph.D. programs and built for working professionals.
• Budget: Ph.D. in Education programs are often fully funded; you’ll usually have to find your own scholarships & funding for Ed.D. programs.
• Online vs. On-Campus: Online Ed.D. Programs are commonplace; Ph.D. in Education programs are typically on-campus or low residency.
• Peer Interaction:  Doctor of Education students will have opportunities for team collaborations and workplace interactions; Ph.D. in Education students will get to teach undergraduates and work closely with a faculty advisor.

4. Is a Doctoral Program in Education Worth the Money?

This question is particularly important when you’re considering the Ed.D. If you don’t need a doctorate in education to qualify for a job, you’ll have to decide whether you’re willing to fork out tens of thousands of dollars and spend 3 years of your life in study. For budget-friendly options, see our rankings of the Most Affordable Online Ed.D. Programs .

Even if you’re in a fully funded Ph.D. program, you still have to reckon with the long time commitment, the quality of faculty members, and the reputation of the university. Getting stuck in a terrible Ph.D. program can be extremely tough on a person’s mental health. Demand the very best in your education.

5. Have I Talked to Enough People?

This is the best tip we can give you. The more people you talk to, the clearer the skies will become.

• Workplace Mentors: Make time to sit down with mentors or peers and chat to them about your aspirations. They may have ideas for avenues that you haven’t even considered (e.g. Ed.S. with the option to pursue an Ed.D. later down the track).
• Recent Alumni: Universities will often be able to connect you to recent graduates of their doctoral programs in education. Talk to alumni about what worked and what didn’t.
• Career Inspirations: People often list their doctoral achievements on their LinkedIn profiles—you can ask Ph.D. in Education and Ed.D. graduates about why they made that choice.
• Family: Your education choice is going to affect the people around you. Budgets will get tight. Recreational hours will disappear. Time for chores will vanish. It’s important to discuss the benefits & disadvantages before you get locked into a commitment.

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PhD vs. EdD in Education: Nine expert tips to help you choose [with infographic]

If you want to elevate your career in education, an advanced degree can open the door to more job opportunities. Many schools offer graduate programs in education, but before you go down a rabbit hole of research, first decide if you want to get a PhD or EdD degree.

A PhD and EdD in education are both doctoral degrees. The one you choose will have a significant impact on your graduate school experience, and your career as well. (Already know what you want? Visit our Admission and Deadlines and Requirements pages for more information.)

For a quick overview of differences between the two degrees, view the infographic below or download it here .

Before we explore tips to guide your decision, let’s review important context for each degree.

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD is a doctorate in philosophy. Historically, it was the first degree offered to students in the field of education and is perhaps more well-known than the EdD.

The PhD in Education is ideal for students who are excited by a career in research. Programs train you to interpret existing theory on a subject, identify opportunities for exploration, and advance theory through critical analysis. It is not necessarily a degree that prepares you for an administrative or leadership role.

With a PhD in Education, you will become an authority on a particular topic or range of topics, and make recommendations on how practitioners should approach or implement them. Examples of research topics might include teaching practices, the effect of learning environments on student outcomes, and inequity in education.

What is an EdD in Education?

An EdD is a doctorate in education, and prepares you for a career in educational leadership. Like the PhD degree, you will learn to interpret research. However, EdD programs train you to apply the research in real-world settings.

While pursuing your EdD degree, you will study critical theory and determine how you can implement it to drive change in K–12 classrooms, universities, community colleges and other organizations. You will also reflect on your role as a leader. Top EdD programs encourage you to analyze your relationship to your research topics and work environments. The goal is to ensure that your leadership is fair and equitable for all people.

PhD vs. EdD: What are the main differences?

The table below summarizes the key differences between a PhD and EdD in education:

Find your program

PhD vs. EdD: How to choose

To help you figure out which doctorate in education is right for you, check out these nine helpful tips:

1. Follow your passion

Rather than focusing on the title of the degree, think about what motivates you. Why did you get into education in the first place? Do you want to have a direct impact on classrooms or pursue big-picture change behind the scenes? You may assume that one degree is more prestigious than another, but it’s important to choose a path that will bring you personal satisfaction that is consistent with your career goals.

2. Picture your day-to-day

PhD and EdD programs are a significant time investment. If you’re struggling to decide because both degrees sound rewarding, try picturing what your daily life might look like in each program.

A PhD in Education is decidedly more research-heavy. A majority of your study will include—but is not limited to—investigating theory and research methodologies. By contrast, EdD programs include the application of your research. Much of your time will be spent using your knowledge to solve professional challenges.

3. Explore career options with a PhD in Education

Earning your PhD in education will make you a more desirable candidate for a range of research-oriented positions. Your ability to evaluate research and make recommendations will be a valuable skill to many organizations.

Many people with PhD in education degrees secure jobs as:

• University professor
• Research scholar
• Education director
• Policy researcher

Want specific examples? For a list of positions held by recent graduates from USC Rossier’s PhD in Urban Education program (PhD), check out our Benefits and Career Paths page.

4. Explore career options with an EdD in Education

EdD programs prepare you for different kinds of senior positions. You will be eligible for leadership roles primarily in education administration, however your high-level skill-set will be desirable to certain nonprofits and businesses as well.

Position titles for professionals with an EdD degree may include:

• Superintendent
• University or college president
• Director of a research center
• Development manager
• Curriculum developer

5. Compare PhD vs. EdD coursework

Doctor in education programs are rigorous and challenging, and while both are rooted in research, their paths diverge. Coursework in PhD programs highlights qualitative and quantitative research methods, and gives you the tools needed to perform your own research. You will also work on your dissertation, and be required to take oral and written exams.

Additionally, PhD students typically have the chance to work one-on-one with a research faculty member on their research. As you narrow your search for a graduate school, remember to review faculty and consider opportunities for collaboration.

EdD courses in educational leadership train you to view common problems in education from multiple perspectives. Courses early in the program urge you to use research as a tool that can provide practical solutions that promote equity. As you progress, you will then take actionable steps to address a problem of practice.

6. Review PhD vs. EdD specializations at different schools

You want to choose a university that aligns with your personal interests. Start by reviewing schools’ mission statements. Do they seem principle-driven or focused on ushering you through the program?  You also want to check out the concentrations offered by each program. Select a program that is going to let you explore issues and challenges that matter to you.

Concentrations vary by university. For example, some concentrations may include educational leadership in K–12 schools, educational psychology or higher education. Expect universities located in or near cities to offer concentrations exploring urban education settings as well.

7. Consider PhD and EdD online programs

If you’re a working professional and don’t want to commute to a physical campus while you earn a degree, an online doctor of education program may be right for you. Online programs cover the same information as their in-person counterparts, but offer a little more flexibility for students.

However, classes such as those included in USC Rossier’s Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership online program are held live, meaning you are required to attend the online class at a specific day and time.Note: It may be easier to find online options for EdD than PhD programs.

8. Research PhD vs. EdD dissertation requirements

A traditional part of a PhD in education is the dissertation. Dissertation requirements vary by program and school, but generally include thorough investigation of a topic from multiple angles, copious research, and an exam to defend your written work once it’s completed.

By contrast, some EdD programs require you to complete a dissertation in practice. Using research methods learned in the program, you will attempt to resolve a problem in education dealing with equity and access. You may also have the chance to work alongside a group of students and an advisor to tackle the problem. In addition to the different requirements of PhD and EdD dissertations, individual schools may want you to explore issues that fall within their philosophical focus.

9. Estimate your time commitment

Before committing to a doctorate in education program, make sure you understand how much time it will take. A PhD in Education typically requires four to six years to complete, while EdD programs take three years, and may be completed while you work.

Additionally, some PhD programs are full-time commitments. Because of the workload, you can’t work a full-time schedule. However, your tuition is covered by a graduate assistantship. A Master’s degree may also not be necessary for acceptance into a PhD program.

USC Rossier resources

If you’re still unsure about which doctorate in education is right for you, we’re happy to provide personalized guidance .

You can also use USC Rossier’s simple career survey tool.

Curious about the requirements for our doctoral programs ? Check out the list of program comparisons. As a school that has offered doctoral degrees for 100 years, USC Rossier is uniquely positioned to provide insight and expertise on doctoral programs in education

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EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

By Scott W. O’Connor

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is:  Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future career goals, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities of an EdD and a PhD in Education, and determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A  Doctor of Education (EdD)  is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A  PhD in education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,”  Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s  Graduate School of Education , explains. “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD Degree?

An  EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a  professional doctorate  best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More:   5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two  dissertation topics  recently explored through  Northeastern’s EdD program .

What Can You Do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary Education Administrators:  Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at  $94,340 .
• Elementary and Secondary School Education Administrators:  Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn  an average of $98,880 per year .
• Top Executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of approximately  $104,980 per year .
• Instructional Coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is roughly  $64,450 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More:   Top Careers with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A  PhD in Education  is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in a PhD program take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based off their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary Teachers:  Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn  an average $78,470 per year .
• Academic Researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average  $76,273 per year .

Taking the Next Step

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be:  What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals?  The answer to this question will determine which degree you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average  $3.65 million  over their lifetime—nearly one million dollars more than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only  1.5 percent  compared to the national unemployment rate of 3.6 percent.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

About Scott W. O’Connor

Scott W. O’Connor is a writer and SEO specialist for Northeastern University. He has been writing for both print and online publications for over 10 years and specializes in the higher education sector.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis. Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.” Joseph McNabb Professor of practice in Northeastern’s  Graduate School of Education

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How much do people with an Ed.D. degree make?

People who work in education aren’t historically among the highest-earners, and there may come a time when they want to make more money and advance their careers. One option to do so is by pursuing a doctorate of education (Ed.D.) degree . A terminal degree within the field of education, an Ed.D. is often sought out by professionals who wish to teach college, become educational or mission-driven leaders, or move into an administrative role like a school system superintendent or school principal. 

“Ed.D.s are for people who want to remain in educational practice,” says Jill Perry, executive director of the Ed.D.-focused Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate and an associate professor of practice at the University of Pittsburgh’s School of Education . “The Ed.D. is [set up] to give them that extra set of skills to teach them how to—in a systematic and rigorous way—go about creating change through developing arguments for why problems exist.”

Because an Ed.D. program is intended for students who want to pursue leadership roles within the field or even in the private sector, graduates can see a salary boost upon completing their degree. And some Ed.D. grads can bring home six-figure salaries—or more.

How is an Ed.D. different from a Ph.D.?

While an An Ed.D. and a doctorate of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education may seem similar, the degrees have different goals. In general, a Ph.D. program concerns the academic study of education, whereas an Ed.D. program is intended for students who want to pursue leadership roles within the field—and this may mean a salary premium for Ed.D. grads. 

Ed.D. programs are aimed at developing “scholar practitioners” focused on “improving their practice, but using evidence and theory,” says Marisa Cannata, program director of the Ed.D. program at Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College of Education and Human Development .

“Our goal in developing an Ed.D. program is to develop students to have the capacity to read and understand and even conduct rigorous empirical research, but they do so much more in the service of applying this to their professional practice,” says Cannata, who is also associate department chair of the Department of Leadership, Policy, and Organizations at Peabody , as well as an associate professor of the practice in that department. 

“The difference between the Ed.D. in education and the Ph.D. in education is that somebody who has an Ed.D. wants to remain in practice,” says Perry. “They want to go up in terms of their leadership abilities and in terms of their capabilities of solving and addressing major problems, but their goal is to stay and practice education.”

What careers does an Ed.D. prepare you for?

An Ed.D. can prepare you to move up the career ladder in education. The degree may help teachers advance to become administrators or principals, while principals may move up to become superintendents or secure other administrative roles. Often, people move up within the organization they’re already a part of after completing the doctorate degree.

“People don’t go back for an Ed.D. for a job change, necessarily. They’re already in some form of education and they want to go higher,” Perry says. “It’s not necessarily the kind of degree that you do because you’re looking for more money.”

Many organizations, such as school systems, will pay for employees to pursue an Ed.D. degree, then give them a raise upon completion.

Perry says that some mistakenly view an Ed.D. simply as a credential, instead of a way for a person to obtain skills as a leader that allow them to understand and address problems within their field.

“Oftentimes in the past, the Ed.D. has been seen as a credential, where if you went and got it, if you were in K-12, you might get a $10,000 raise because you had one,” Perry says. “That’s a stigma that we’ve had to fight against for a long time. It may still happen, but it’s not meant to be a credential. It’s meant to be something that actually gives you skills to create change.”

Cannata says Ed.D. programs see many applicants who have five to seven years of professional experience who are interested in moving up the ladder.

“We do see our students move from these middle-level leadership positions to more senior-level positions,” she says. “We do see people grow in their leadership abilities and take on a wider array of roles.”

How will getting an Ed.D. impact my salary?

The potential impact that completing an Ed.D. program will have on your salary depends on which field of education you’re working within, according to Perry.

Becoming the president of a community college, for instance, requires a doctoral degree. If someone obtains an Ed.D. degree and ends up running a community college, the salary bump could be very large. If someone is working for a nonprofit or a museum, the salary bump may be more modest.

Anecdotally, Perry says students have told her that those working in K-12 education in Pennsylvania often see a $10,000 salary bump upon obtaining an Ed.D., but this may vary widely by school division.

Some K-12 roles that may be filled by Ed.D. holders include: 

• School superintendents, who can earn $105,000 to $228,000, according to the School Superintendents Association
• Elementary school principals, who earn more than $85,000 a year and high school principals average nearly $92,000 per year , according to Payscale

In higher education, Ed.D. program graduates may work as university presidents, deans or provosts: 

• University presidents make an average salary of more than $316,000, according to Payscale
• College professors average more than $88,000, according to Payscale
• Salaries for higher education administrators vary by role, but generally land in the six-figures

Finally, in the private sector, Ed.D. graduates may become chief learning officers (CLOs), or experts in enterprise learning, leadership development and change management, among other roles:

• The average CLO salary is about $210,000, according to Payscale
• An executive director of a nonprofit, according to Payscale , averages nearly $69,000

Salary expectations for Ed.D. grads really depend on what people do post-graduation. “A lot of people stay in their job, or they go up in the organization that they’re in, but a lot of people use their Ed.D. to switch and get a bigger job,” Perry says. “It definitely gives you, in practice, a leg up to a higher position, which obviously comes with higher pay. It will definitely give you a salary boost in what you do.”

Check out all of  Fortune’ s  rankings of degree programs , and learn more about specific  career paths .

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PhD vs. Ed.D. - What’s the Difference?

Updated on March 29, 2023

A Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) or Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education each shapes the educational world in different ways. These degrees can chart different career paths in academia, the private sector and civil service.

A Doctor of Education and a PhD in Education each offers students ample opportunities for leadership, learning and research. However, each comes with distinctions and unique advantages.

Both a PhD and Ed.D. are terminal degrees that can help you affect the future of education , but understanding the differences and similarities can help you make the right educational investment. 

PhD vs. Ed.D. : What Are They?

The main difference between an Ed.D. vs. a PhD is the end focus of the graduate’s career. An Ed.D. has a practical emphasis that may go outside of academia. A PhD in education is the more scholarly concentration of the two, more often than not culminating in research-based studies.

A PhD in Education

A PhD usually pursues a teaching career in academia and does first-hand research to help inform best practices. This allows candidates a primary exploration of their field.

A PhD is likely to take on the role of an academic in higher education. PhD candidates are likely to publish original research in academic journals and present research papers at conferences.

A Doctor of Education

A Doctor of Education degree tends to be more focused on the practical application of education within an organization. An Ed.D. is the more hands-on degree of the two, with more direct leadership opportunities. While many Doctor of Education graduates teach, conduct research and take on administrative roles in higher education, this degree may also culminate in non-academic settings, such as the private sector.

For those pursuing a career in education, government, the nonprofit sector or business, an Ed.D. degree may be ideal. Instead of fielding new research, an Ed.D. applies existing knowledge to solve problems within an organization. This enables them to exercise leadership and make data-informed decisions based on concepts like social assessments and organizational theory.

PhD vs. Ed.D .: How Are They Similar?

Both an Ed.D. and a PhD can open doors to career advancement. This brings the potential for promotion and greater compensation in comparison to that of a bachelor’s or master’s degree. In fact, employers and students are demanding advanced degrees more than ever.

An Ed.D. and a PhD in Education have key aspects in common. Each degree develops leadership within a candidate and equips them to understand both research and statistics.

• Both degrees are terminal (as high as a student can go in that academic path).
• Both focus on ways to enhance professional knowledge in different environments.
• Both benefit the candidate, making them more marketable and affording greater compensation.
• Both provide great benefits to the graduate’s employer.
• Both enable candidates to pursue careers in administration and supervision, training and development and curriculum and instruction in addition to teaching.

Marketability and Popularity

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 24.1 million people in the United States have a master’s degree as their highest degree. The number of people with doctoral degrees is 4.7 million . These numbers total 14.4% of the U.S. population.

Total post-graduate degree enrollment increased by 10% between fall 2009 and fall 2020 — the most recent data due to the pandemic. By 2030, the total number of students enrolled in post-graduate programs is expected to increase to 3.3 million students, 6% higher than 2020 figures.

What’s more, according to a 2022 survey conducted by Public Agenda, 86% of Americans feel that earning a college education can help individuals further their careers.

Ed.D vs. PhD : How Are They Different?

Both a Doctor of Education and a PhD in Education are rigorous and authoritative degrees that focus on professional knowledge, innovation and problem-solving. Both advanced degrees are in the same field. But when you’re ready to advance your career, understanding the differences and similarities between these options is key.

Ideal Candidates

While an Ed.D. and a PhD are similar in some ways, each degree has a slightly different ideal candidate.

The Ideal Ed.D. Candidate

A person best suited to an Ed.D. degree is searching for a more concrete, real-world approach to education. An Ed.D. candidate will often already be working in education or a related field full time and want to pursue their Ed.D. degree to enhance their leadership skills and professional knowledge.

They may work for an educational institution or perhaps in a university setting. Other roles may include the nonprofit sector or a business focused on professional development or training, a government agency or even civil service.

An Ed.D. degree may be more suited to students who want:

• To effect transformation within an organization , the private sector or government
• To apply or add to existing scholarly studies to effect change 
• To have an existing job they would like to keep while pursuing an advanced degree
• To implement established best practices in the real world

The Ideal PhD Candidate

A PhD candidate is traditionally focused on conducting research that drives changes. They may not necessarily be interested in implementing change but in conducting leading-edge research. Their work can influence education and public policy.

PhD students need to master their subject area and extend scholarly knowledge on that subject. This might focus on policy in education, leadership in education, child cognitive development, literacy or the sociology of education.

A PhD in Education may make sense for students who want to:

• Delve deeply into a research subject
• Inform best practices that others implement
• Devote their career to higher education
• Publish their findings in scholarly journals

While neither an Ed.D. or a PhD in education is better than the other, each degree offers unique benefits based on your career goals and other factors.

Benefits of Pursuing a Doctor of Education Degree

An Ed.D. candidate can enjoy:

• Implementing best practices in education and evaluating measurable change within an organization
• Going beyond academia into the private sector , non-profit organizations, school districts or government to lead and transform environments
• Remaining competitive in the dynamic field of education
• Maintaining a strong influence on educational practices within their work sphere
• Shaping not only educational research but educational process and policy

Benefits of Pursuing a PhD in Education

A PhD candidate can enjoy:

• Performing exploration and research into what intrigues them about their field
• Knowing that their research has the potential to shape best practices in their field
• Remaining competitive in their chosen field 

The coursework for a PhD vs Ed.D. degree varies between two and six years of study and between 60 and 90 credit hours.

Typical Coursework for a Doctor of Education

• Requires two years of study
• Is primarily conducted within a classroom (face to face or virtual)
• Works heavily with applying theory to real-life situations while evaluating solutions from different and innovative perspectives
• May require a thesis but not writing and defending a dissertation
• Requires around 60 hours of coursework
• Focuses on the practical application of innovative solutions to improve the workplace 

Typical Coursework for a PhD in Education

• Requires four to six years of study
• Works heavily with data, encompassing the scientific method, statistics and research
• Encompasses writing and defending a dissertation
• Requires around 90 hours of coursework
• Focuses on research more than practice

Jobs and Salaries

While some commonalities in career trajectory exist, these degrees see many graduates landing in different careers. The salary depends on the career path a graduate chooses, and there may also be additional influencing factors, such as years of experience and job location. 

Typical Doctor of Education Salary

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports on the 2021 salary statistics for educational leadership positions that Ed.D. graduates can pursue:

• Education administrators, postsecondary: $111,260
• Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary: $102,650
• Clinical, counseling and school psychologists: $99,640
• Social and community service managers: $76,790

Typical PhD in Education Salary

PhD graduates tend to remain in research and higher education. The salary site Payscale reports that graduates with a PhD in Education made a median annual salary of approximately $89,000 as of March 2023.

Your Next Step Toward an Advanced Degree in Education

Deciding whether an Ed.D., PhD or another advanced degree is right for you depends on your career goals. 

Marymount University’s Online Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) program can be instrumental in helping you achieve those goals. The fully online program is designed to allow you to cultivate knowledge and skills at your own pace, with a curriculum rooted in social justice, ethics and equity. Find out how Marymount can prepare you for a career with true impact.  

Recommended Readings

• 4 Innovations in Higher Education Being Driven by Educational Leaders
• Is an EdD Worth It?
• 9 Educational Leadership Career Paths Explored

Requirements Not Met

To proceed with either the BSN to MSN FNP or the BSN to DNP FNP or the BSN to DNP PMHNP or the MSN PMHNP, you are required to have a bachelor’s degree and hold your RN license.

To proceed with either the PMC-FNP or the PMC-DNP or the PMC-PMHNP, you are required to have a master's degree and hold your RN license.

To proceed with the ABSN, you are required to have a bachelor's degree.

If you don’t meet these requirements but would still like further information, please contact us .

To proceed with the EdD in Educational Leadership and Organizational Leadership degree, you are required to have a master’s degree.

If you don’t meet this requirement but would still like further information, please contact us .

To proceed with the Doctor of Business Administration - Business Intelligence degree, you are required to have a master’s degree.

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Degrees in Education: Master’s vs Ph.D. vs Ed.D., Explained

by Office of Online Programs, College of Education / Mar 4, 2024

If you're considering a career in education or looking to advance your existing career, you may be wondering which degree is right for you. In the field of education, there are several options, including a Master's degree (Ed.M.), a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and a Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). Each of these degrees has its unique features, benefits, and career paths. The question for many is: when it comes to a master’s vs. doctorate , which is right for you?

What is a Master’s Degree in Education?

A master's degree in Education (Ed.M.) is a graduate-level program designed to provide educators with advanced knowledge and skills in various aspects of education. For some students, a master’s degree is a stepping stone to a Ph.D. or Ed.D.

Content and Coursework

The curriculum typically includes a combination of core courses and specialized electives. Common core topics for our programs include intricacies of education policy, leadership and organizational strategies, learning technology, curriculum development, and course instruction. Depending on your chosen specialization, you may delve deeper into areas such as diversity and equity, global studies, human resource development, international education, learning design and leadership, curriculum and instruction, digital learning, and bilingual/bi-cultural education.

Unlike a master's of science program which may require students to complete a thesis or capstone project, an Ed.M. is achieved by completion of coursework and projects to demonstrate their mastery of the subject and content. This component allows students to apply their knowledge in a practical context and contribute to the field of education through research and analysis.

Length of Program

A master's degree in education can take one to two years to complete, depending on the program's structure and whether you choose to study full-time or part-time. The College of Education at Illinois offers an online Master’s in Education that can be completed in as little as 18 months.

Career Paths

Earning a master's degree in education can open up various career opportunities. Graduates often pursue roles such as classroom teachers, curriculum coordinators, school counselors, education consultants, diversity officers, learning technologists, education technologists, or education administrators. Additionally, a master's degree can enhance your chances of earning a higher salary and taking on leadership roles within the education sector.

What is a Ph.D. in Education?

So what’s the difference between a master’s vs Ph.D. in Education? A doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) in education is a research-focused degree that delves deeply into the theoretical and practical aspects of education and builds upon knowledge gained from a master's degree and professional experience.  

The core of the program revolves around conducting original research, contributing to the existing body of knowledge, and addressing significant educational issues. There is a heavy emphasis on the publication of research, which is a significant difference between Ph.D. and master’s programs, in addition to a Ph.D. program requiring a master’s degree prior to applying.  

Students typically engage in coursework related to research methodologies, data analysis, and educational policy. One of the distinguishing features of a Ph.D. in education is the dissertation, a substantial research project that requires students to make a unique contribution to the field. This extensive research work is a testament to the candidate's ability to conduct independent, rigorous research and advance educational knowledge.

A major difference between a Ph.D. vs. master’s degree is the length of the program. Compared to a master's, Ph.D. programs typically require a more extended commitment. On average, it takes three to six years to complete, depending on factors such as the individual's research progress, program requirements, and time devoted to the dissertation.

Graduates with a Ph.D. in education often pursue careers in academia, research institutions, policy analysis, or educational consulting. They may become university professors, researchers, educational policymakers, or experts in the field. This degree is particularly suitable for those who aspire to make significant contributions to educational theory and practice.

What is an Ed.D.?

A Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) is a doctoral degree that focuses on practical applications of educational theory and research. Unlike the Ph.D., the Ed.D. places more emphasis on the application of existing research and theory to solve practical educational problems. 

Many Ed.D. programs do not require extensive research components or a dissertation. However, at the University of Illinois, Ed.D. students deepen their knowledge by gathering and conducting original research to complete a dissertation. A master’s in education is a great stepping stone for an Ed.D., as all students must have their master’s in order to get into the Ed.D. program. 

Exploring the diverse landscape of Ed.D. programs unveils a rich curriculum encompassing educational leadership, organizational management, policy analysis, and the hands-on implementation of educational strategies. Through coursework, candidates embrace practical experiences to confront real-world educational challenges.  

At the College of Education, our Ed.D. program stands out as a practitioner's journey, cultivating practitioner scholars across various fields, not confined to the academic realm. Here, emphasis is placed on the applied aspects of research, nurturing foundational research skills, and instilling research literacy within each participant's domain. Our approach is designed to produce professionals who are well-versed in research methodologies but are not solely confined to the role of researchers, emphasizing a holistic perspective on the dynamic intersection of theory and practice in the field of education.

The duration of an Ed.D. program typically ranges from three to four years, making it a shorter time commitment compared to a Ph.D. The program's structure is designed to accommodate working professionals and individuals seeking leadership positions in educational institutions. 

Graduates with an Ed.D. degree are well-suited for leadership roles in educational institutions, including school districts, colleges, and universities. They often pursue careers as superintendents, principals, deans, educational consultants, or other leadership positions. The Ed.D. is a valuable credential for those who want to effect positive change in education through practical applications of research and theory.  

Ph.D. vs Ed.D.: What’s the Difference? 

Now that you understand the primary difference between master’s and Ph.D. programs, let’s look at the nuances of a Ph.D. and an Ed.D. (Doctor of Education). Ph.D. and Ed.D. programs both offer doctoral-level education in the field of education, but they have distinct differences:  

Ph.D. in Education

• Focuses on research and the creation of new knowledge.
• Emphasizes theoretical and academic aspects of education.
• Typically prepares graduates for careers in academia, research, or policy analysis.
• May require published research articles and contributions.
• Requires a dissertation that makes a unique contribution to the field.
• Prepares students to be primary researchers.
• Longer program duration, usually three to six years.

  Ed.D. (Doctor of Education)

• Emphasizes the application of existing and new research and theory to solve practical educational problems.
• Focuses on the intricacies of education policy, leadership and organizational strategies.
• Prepares graduates for leadership roles in educational institutions.
• May require qualifying exams, preliminary and final oral examinations and a dissertation that is different from a traditional dissertation.
• Prepares students to be research literate but not to be primarily researchers.
• Shorter program duration, usually three to four years.

While a major difference between a doctorate vs. master's degree is that the former emphasizes research and analysis and the latter focuses on practical application, an Ed.D. places dual emphasis on both of these skills. If you aspire to become a researcher, professor, or academic scholar, a Ph.D. may be the better choice. On the other hand, if you're interested in leadership positions within educational institutions, an Ed.D. may align more closely with your objectives.  

Master’s vs Ph.D. vs Ed.D.: Which is Right for Me?

We’ve covered the distinctions between a Ph.D. vs. master’s vs. Ed.D., but choosing the right degree in education depends on your career aspirations, personal interests, and time commitments. 

Here are some key considerations to help you make an informed decision:

A Master’s program is:

• Ideal for individuals looking to enhance their teaching skills, advance in their current teaching careers, or explore various educational specializations.
• Requires a shorter time commitment compared to doctoral programs.
• Suitable for those who want to make an immediate impact in the classroom or in educational leadership roles.

A Ph.D. program is:

• Suited for individuals who are passionate about research, want to contribute significantly to the field of education, and aspire to academic or research-oriented careers.
• Involves a more extended time commitment and a rigorous research-oriented curriculum.
• Provides opportunities for conducting original research and publishing scholarly work.

An Ed.D. program is:

• Geared toward individuals seeking leadership positions in educational institutions, such as school districts or higher education administration.
• Focuses on practical applications of educational theories and research.
• Offers a shorter program duration compared to a Ph.D.

Get Your Degree with UIUC

The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign's College of Education believes in the transformative power of education. We offer a range of programs to help you achieve your educational and career goals. Whether you're interested in pursuing an Ed.D., master’s or Ph.D., Illinois provides a supportive and enriching educational environment.

Our world-renowned faculty members are leaders in their respective fields, and our diverse student community fosters collaboration and innovation. With access to cutting-edge research facilities and resources, you'll have the opportunity to make a lasting impact in the field of education.

UIUC offers flexible online options and graduate certificates to accommodate your schedule and needs. Whether you're a working professional or a recent graduate, our programs can help you reach new heights in your educational career. Get started today!

EdD vs PhD: Which is Better for Me?

For teachers who want to enhance their career, there is really only one path: administration. But educators who already have a master’s degree may find themselves making a difficult choice: between the EdD vs PhD, which is better? A doctorate in education salary makes the degree an attractive option, but Ed D vs PhD salary isn’t the only thing to consider. Working educators who wish to advance to administrative roles in the field of education have a plethora of options to choose from. What’s more, higher education institutions offer a lot of graduate offerings in fully online formats for educators.

Given the current state of the education system, understanding the critical differences between these two doctoral programs is vital in deciding which career path to choose. Although both programs provide specialized higher learning, each has its unique requirements, different focuses, and different career paths.

Strengths of a PhD vs EdD in Education

A key differentiator of the PhD vs EdD is the level of focus the PhD assigns to its curriculum. Although both programs equip students with knowledge above a Master’s degree, a PhD vs EdD is well suited to professionals who want to continue teaching, either in secondary schools or higher education, or do research (though research roles will help graduates take more advantage of higher doctorate in education salary). A PhD in Education trains one to become a scholar capable of raising questions and developing theories thorough testable and applicable research. PhD-oriented doctoral programs produce scholars who train other scholars, do research that helps improve education systems, and develop curriculum and resources for teachers.

Typically, Ph.D. holders specialize in the publication of high-quality scholarly papers and articles in peer-reviewed journals. Also, PhD in Education programs are still more common than EdD programs, since the PhD vs EdD is older and more established. This makes it easier to find PhD vs EdD programs, especially online. On-campus PhD in Education programs are more likely to be fully-funded doctoral programs , as well.

Strengths of an EdD Over a PhD in Education

In contrast, an affordable online EdD program prepares candidates to assume administrative positions within learning institutions, government agencies, not for profit organizations, and in the private sector – where an Ed.D salary can go especially high. An EdD equips candidates with problem-solving skills for addressing the daily challenges that educational administrators face. An EdD program typically focuses on the development of solutions in the management of large and complex organizations, and the larger the organization, the higher the Ed.D salary can be.

As most EdD programs provide little or no funding, candidates hold full or part-time jobs to support themselves during the program. EdD candidates often avoid the financial challenges that affect a majority of PhD students by engaging in part-time jobs. What’s more, EdD candidates benefit from the assistance of similarly qualified professionals. As a result, these candidates accumulate practical skills and tips that are relevant to their practice area. Besides that, EdD programs help candidates to form effective partnerships and networks with professionals in a specific discipline.

PhD vs EdD Specialization Tracks

Although both programs extend an educator’s knowledge and skills, they differ on how they accomplish this goal. There tend to be more variations and opportunities in PhD programs, including:

• Adult Education
• Curriculum, Instruction, and Learning
• Early Childhood Education
• Special Education

Currently, leadership tends to be the more common specialization in EdD programs, but EdD candidates can also specialize in tracks such as

• Administrative Leadership
• College Teaching and Learning
• Higher Education
• Literacy Leadership

Doctor of Education Salary Expectations

Ed D vs PhD salary are pretty comparable, depending on the particular career path you choose; either an EdD or a PhD can qualify professionals for careers like school principal or superintendent in the public school system, or for careers as professors, college deans, or chancellor in higher education. Ed.D salary depends largely on the job: school administrators will not typically make as much a college administrators, superintendents make much more than principals, and so on. For a PhD doctorate in education salary, professors will make less than department chairs or deans, while researchers may make a great deal more in private industry than public education.

Ed D vs PhD salary can’t really be a deciding factor, then; the real determination for a doctorate in education salary is specialization and job. Settling the dispute between EdD vs PhD, which is better, is a matter of answering the question, what do you want to do with your doctorate in education.

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Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond

Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner

Becoming a PhD economist can provide a fulfilling and financially secure career path. However, getting started in the field can be daunting if you don’t know much about the preparation you’ll need and the available job opportunities. If you’re wondering what it means to be an economics researcher or how to become one, please read on. We’ll review how to prepare for a career in economics research, what an economics PhD program entails, and what types of opportunities it might bring. Economic education is a core component of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s mission to serve the community. To empower would-be economists, this post provides information for students who seek a career in economics research. We hope this information will be helpful to students interested in economics, regardless of their background and economic situation.  This information is most applicable to students applying to programs in the United States.  

The Breadth of Economics Research  

Academic disciplines conduct research in different ways, so it’s important to have a basic understanding of the types of questions economists ask and how they approach answering them. There are many definitions of economics, but a broadly useful one is the study of how people, organizations, and governments make decisions under different constraints, and how those decisions may affect their outcomes. 

When answering these questions, economists seek to ground their analyses in models and to be quantitatively precise about the effects they assign to any given cause. The range of topics economists can study is wide, but the accepted approaches to answering questions are stricter. Some examples of what economists might ask: 

• How do different public housing programs affect the children who live there? 
• Does a certain type of law encourage businesses to innovate? 
• How will a change in the interest rate affect inflation and unemployment rates? 
• How much does affordable health insurance improve people’s health? 
• How can poor countries eradicate poverty? 

There are many different subfields within economics, including, but not limited to behavioral, econometrics, energy/environmental, development, financial, international, monetary, public, and urban economics. You can familiarize yourself with the latest work in economics by subscribing to working paper series, such as NBER’s New This Week or the New York Fed’s Staff Reports . To get an idea of the breadth of questions economists can answer, you could listen to Stephen Dubner’s “ Freakonomics Radio ” podcast. You may also want to explore the Journal of Economic Perspectives , the New York Fed’s Liberty Street Economics blog, VoxDev , or VoxEU .  

What Is a PhD Program Like?    

Economics PhD programs typically last five to seven years. Unlike masters programs, they are often fully funded with a stipend, though most require students to complete teaching assistant and/or research assistant (RA) work as part of their funding package. In the first two years, students take classes, many of which are mathematically demanding. The rest of the program can include additional classes but is primarily devoted to original research with the aim of producing publishable papers that will constitute the dissertation.  

Faculty advisors are a central part of PhD programs, as students look to them for guidance during the research process. Economics PhD programs are offered within university economics departments, but there are similar programs in public policy and business schools. You can look at their websites to understand any differences in coursework and subsequent job placements. 

What Can You Do with an Economics PhD?  

Upon graduation, students can obtain jobs in a variety of industries. Many PhD students hope to become university professors. Governments and public policy-related institutions such as the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. federal government, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also hire economists to work on policy, lead programs, and conduct research. Finally, economics PhD graduates can also find employment at a variety of private sector companies, including banks, economic consulting firms, and big tech companies. The pay for these different positions can vary. According to the American Economics Association (AEA), the average starting salary for economics assistant professors in 2022-23 was approximately $140,000 at PhD granting institutions and $98,000 at BA granting institutions. 

Programs often publish the placements of their PhD graduates, so you can look online to see specific employment outcomes. See, for example, the University of Maryland’s placements . Ultimately, economists are highly regarded as authorities on a variety of topics. Governments, nonprofits, philanthropic foundations, financial institutions, and non-financial businesses all look to economists to answer important questions about how to best achieve their goals. Thus, earning an economics Ph.D. can potentially help you to influence issues that are important to you. 

Preparing for an Economics PhD Program  

There are several components to an economics PhD program application: college transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Please download the Appendix linked below to learn more about transcripts and letters of recommendation. The Appendix details ways in which you can select coursework, obtain research experience, and develop relationships to position yourself for success as a PhD applicant.  

If you feel that you are too far along in your academic career to take enough of the classes described in the Appendix, this does not necessarily preclude you from pursuing an economics PhD. For example, it’s possible to take some of these classes through a master’s program, or through a pre-doctoral RA job. Some pre-doctoral RA jobs, such as the one here at the New York Fed , may enable you to take classes in preparation for graduate school. If you are concerned about your transcript, reach out to an economist at your university for advice; program standards for coursework and grades vary, and it’s a good idea to get more personalized advice. 

Research Experience   

If you’re interested in becoming an economics researcher and applying to PhD programs, it’s best to get research experience as soon as possible. Working as an RA is a great way to learn how to conduct research and get a better idea of whether it’s the right career path for you. Additionally, it can help you obtain a letter of recommendation for graduate school applications and improve your qualifications.  

All types of academic research can be enriching, but it’s beneficial to gain experience working directly with an economist. To find a position, you can reach out to professors whose work you find interesting or find an RA program at your school. Typical RA tasks may involve data collection and cleaning, as well as running analyses and creating charts to represent results. This is where coding skills become crucial; having taken math, statistics, and econometrics courses will also enable you to take on more responsibilities. 

You may also have the opportunity to conduct your own research, possibly under the supervision of a professor at your university. This research could be self-initiated or part of a course such as a thesis workshop. Self-directed research is a great opportunity to learn about all stages of the research process. It’s also an excellent opportunity to create a writing sample for graduate school applications. Ultimately, though, your motivation for conducting your own research project should be that you want to answer a question.  One thing economists have in common is a love of answering questions using data and theory. 

Research experience is also often obtained after completing an undergraduate or master’s degree. Taking on a full-time RA position before applying to PhD programs is very common and can make you a more competitive applicant. You may either get an RA job working for a professor or participate in a pre-doctoral RA program.  

Research assistant programs are more structured than positions with individual professors or projects, which could be helpful. Universities, parts of the government, think tanks, research organizations, and the Federal Reserve System are all good places to look for research assistant programs. To help you decide which opportunities are most desirable, you may want to ask potential employers : Where do people in this program tend to go afterward? Will I be working directly with an economist? How much of my time will be spent on academic research work? Will I be able to take classes as part of this program? Considering whether an economist will be able to evaluate your performance is an important factor for recommendation letters. The ability to take classes, either through tuition reimbursement or waivers, can also be an important benefit. 

The Research Analyst program here at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one example of these programs and you should check it out here . The Federal Reserve Board of Governors also has a large program, and many other regional Federal Reserve Banks have similar programs. In addition, the PREDOC website and the  NBER post listings of RA opportunities. J-PAL and IPA also tend to recruit RAs for economic development projects. Another source of RA opportunities is the @econ_ra account on X. 

Who Should Get a PhD in Economics?  

A PhD may not be for everyone, but it is for anyone—people of all genders, religions, ethnicities, races, and national origins have PhDs in economics. Many economists majored in economics, but others majored in math, physics, or chemistry. Because economics is such an integral part of policymaking, it is important that economists come from a wide range of backgrounds so policy can be stronger and more effective. The inclusion of differing perspectives helps ensure that the contribution of economists to work in public policy, academia, and beyond effectively serves the broadest range of society. 

• Coursework Appendix

Kasey Chatterji-Len is a research analyst in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.

Anna Kovner  is the director of Financial Stability Policy Research in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group.

How to cite this post: Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner, “Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics , May 31, 2024, https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2024/05/thinking-of-pursuing-a-phd-in-economics-info-on-graduate-school-and-beyond/.

You may also be interested in: AEA: Resources for Students

PREDOC: Guidance for Undergraduates

RA Positions-Not at the NBER

Disclaimer The views expressed in this post are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author(s).

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