directions to research medical center

Research Medical Center

Kansas City, MO

High Performing

Patient experience.

Medical Surgical ICU

Cardiac ICU

Bariatric/Weight Control Services

Addiction Treatment Services

Onsite Emergency Department

Doctors at Research Medical Center

U.S. News has extensive information in each doctor's profile to help you find the best one for you.

Amel T. Abbas PA

Palm Springs, CA

Physician Assistant

General Neurosurgery PA

Elise A. Abicht MD

Leawood, KS

Obstetrics & Gynecology

General Obstetrics & Gynecology

Joel D. Ackerman MD

Lake Lotawana, MO

Anesthesiology

Pain Medicine

Hameed Ahmad MD

General Nephrology

Iftekhar Ahmed MD

General Neurology

Kelly R. Alford MD

Syed M. Ali MD

Family Medicine

Hospital Medicine/Hospitalist

Hamza Alshami MD

Pulmonology

Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Medicine

Ashley Antovich MD

Kavitha K. Arabindoo MD

General Family Medicine

Alexandr V. Arakelov MD

Robert Ardinger MD

Bainbridge Island, WA

Pediatric Cardiology

General Pediatric Cardiology

Oluyomi Asojo MD

Hematopathology, Anatomic Pathology, Clinical Pathology

Robert M. Beatty MD

Overland Park, KS

Neurosurgery

General Neurosurgery

Revathi N. Bhat MD

Geriatric Medicine

General Geriatrics

Daniel K. Bixler MD

Emergency Medicine

General Emergency Medicine

Timothy L. Blackburn MD

Cardiac Electrophysiology

Margo L. Block DO

Kansas City, KS

Neurophysiology

Stephen A. Bloom MD

Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Imaging, Non-Invasive Cardiology

David B. Bock MD

General Urology

Find a Doctor

Quality rankings & ratings.

To help patients decide where to receive care, U.S. News generates hospital rankings by evaluating data on nearly 5,000 hospitals. To be nationally ranked in a specialty, a hospital must excel in caring for the sickest, most medically complex patients.

Adult Rankings

Procedures and Conditions Related to Cancer

Cardiology, Heart & Vascular Surgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Cardiology, Heart & Vascular Surgery

Diabetes & Endocrinology

Procedures and Conditions Related to Diabetes & Endocrinology

Gastroenterology & GI Surgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Gastroenterology & GI Surgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Nephrology

Neurology & Neurosurgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Neurology & Neurosurgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Obstetrics & Gynecology

Orthopedics

Procedures and Conditions Related to Orthopedics

Pulmonology & Lung Surgery

Procedures and Conditions Related to Pulmonology & Lung Surgery

Rehabilitation

Procedures and Conditions Related to Urology

Nearby Hospitals

AD Children's Mercy Kansas City Hospital

Kansas City , MO

5.4 miles away

St. Luke's Hospital of Kansas City

# 2 in Kansas City

3.3 miles away

University of Kansas Hospital

# 1 in Kansas City

Kansas City , KS

4.2 miles away

Kansas City VA Medical Center

4.3 miles away

St. Joseph Medical Center-Kansas City

Center for behavioral medicine.

University Health-Truman Medical Center

5.5 miles away

MidAmerica Rehabilitation Hospital

Shawnee Mission , KS

6.5 miles away

Kansas City Orthopaedic Institute

Leawood , KS

6.7 miles away

Scores are based on surveys taken from this hospital’s inpatients after they were discharged inquiring about different aspects of their stay. The scores are not used in the Best Hospitals rankings.

Satisfaction with the hospital overall

How the patient felt about their hospital stay and discharge overall.

Willingness to recommend

Willingness of patients to recommend this hospital to others.

Satisfaction with doctors’ communications

How patients rated physicians in listening and explaining in a way that patients could understand.

Satisfaction with nurses’ communications

How patients rated nurses in listening and explaining in a way that patients could understand.

Satisfaction with efforts to prevent medication harm

How well medications, how they were to be taken, and side effects were explained before they were administered.

Satisfaction with quality of discharge information

How well staff reviewed adequacy of help at home and provided enough information in writing about symptoms and problems to watch for.

Satisfaction with involvement in recovery

How well patients’ wishes were considered in discharge planning and how well patients understood when they left how to care for themselves, what medications they will take and why.

Satisfaction with staff responsiveness

How promptly help was provided when needed or requested.

Satisfaction with hospital room cleanliness

How patients rated the cleanliness of their hospital room and bathroom.

Satisfaction with noise volume

How well patients rated the quietness of their hospital experience.

See all 10 Categories

Health equity.

Health equity is the absence of unjust and avoidable differences among groups of people, regardless of social, economic, or demographic identification. U.S. News evaluates hospital performance in health equity by analyzing data on various dimensions of equity for historically underserved patients.

Racial Disparities in Outcomes New

How successful the hospital is in enabling Black patients to live at home during their first 30 days of recovery, compared to White patients at that hospital. Recovery at home, rather than at a hospital or nursing home, is preferred by most patients and families.

Days at home after knee replacement, hip replacement, or back surgery (spinal fusion)

Days at home after aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or heart bypass surgery.

Too few patients to be rated

Charity Care

How well hospital spending on free and discounted care for uninsured patients aligns with the proportion of uninsured in the surrounding community.

Charity care provision for uninsured patients

Higher than other hospitals

Community Residents Who Accessed Care at this Hospital New

How well the surrounding community is represented in the population treated by the hospital.

Representation of low-income patients

Similar to other hospitals

Breakdown by Race & Ethnicity

The percentage of patients treated by the hospital for elective procedures compared to the community. County and state percentages were not included in the calculation of hospital scores.

Representation of non-white patients

Comparable to or higher than the community

Demographics

Representation of Black patients

Representation of asian american and pacific islander patients.

Insufficient data

Representation of Hispanic patients

Representation of native american patients.

Certain data used for the health equity analysis was provided by CareJourney and the Dartmouth Atlas Data website.

Elements of the Racial Disparities in Outcomes and Breakdown by Race & Ethnicity measures were developed by CareJourney using data accessed securely through the CMS Virtual Research Data Center (VRDC).

The data set forth at certain elements of the Community Residents Who Accessed Care at This Hospital and Charity Care portions of this Health Equity section were obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas Data website, which was funded by the...

Contact & Location

Hospital Location

2316 East Meyer Boulevard, Kansas City, MO, 64132-1136

Affiliated Hospital

Frequently Asked Questions

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• Locations & Hours
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Locations & Hours

Research medical campus.

2340 E. Meyer Boulevard (Bld 1) Ste. 200, 208, 318 Kansas City, MO 64132

816-753-5144

Hours of Operation

Monday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Tuesday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Wednesday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Thursday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Friday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Saturday Closed

Sunday Closed

Directions & Parking

Located in the Research Medical Campus, near the intersection of Prospect Ave and 63rd Street. If coming from US-71, take the 63rd Street Exit and go West. From 63rd Street, go South on Prospect Ave and turn right into the first entrance to the hospital. Park in the first open parking lot on the left. Parking is free. Enter Building 1 under the blue awning and take the elevator or stairs to the 2nd floor and enter Suite 200.

Bus Transportation

KCATA lines 71, 163, and 54

After Hours

For medical emergencies call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department. If you are an established patient and have urgent concerns or questions after clinic hours please call 816-753-5144.

Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information.

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An Open Comparative Study of the Effectiveness and Incomparable Study of the Immunogenicity and Safety of the Vaccine (CoviVac) for Adults Aged 60 Years and Older

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Inclusion Criteria:

Volunteers must meet the following inclusion criteria:

Type of participants

• Healthy volunteers or volunteers with a history of stable diseases that do not meet any of the criteria for non-inclusion in the study.

Other inclusion criteria

• Written informed consent of volunteers to participate in a clinical trial
• Volunteers who are able to fulfill the Protocol requirements (i.e., fill out a self-observation Diary, come to control visits).

Exclusion Criteria:

SARS-CoV-2 infection • A case of established COVID-19 disease confirmed by PCR and/or ELISA in the last 6 months.

Diseases or medical conditions

• Serious post-vaccination reaction (temperature above 40 C, hyperemia or edema more than 8 cm in diameter) or complication (collapse or shock-like condition that developed within 48 hours after vaccination; convulsions, accompanied or not accompanied by a feverish state) to any previous vaccination.
• Burdened allergic history (anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema, polymorphic exudative eczema, serum sickness in the anamnesis, hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to the introduction of any vaccines in the anamnesis, known allergic reactions to vaccine components, etc.).
• Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute polyradiculitis) in the anamnesis.
• The axillary temperature at the time of vaccination is more than 37.0 ° C.
• Acute infectious diseases (recovery earlier than 4 weeks before vaccination) according to anamnesis.
• Donation of blood or plasma (in the amount of 450 ml or more) less than 2 months before inclusion in the study.
• Severe and/or uncontrolled diseases of the cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary, neuroendocrine systems, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, hematopoietic, immune systems.
• Is registered at the dispensary for tuberculosis, leukemia, oncological diseases, autoimmune diseases.
• Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficiency condition in the anamnesis.
• Splenectomy in the anamnesis.
• Neutropenia (decrease in the absolute number of neutrophils less than 1000/mm3), agranulocytosis, significant blood loss, severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 80 g/l) according to anamnesis.
• Anorexia according to anamnesis.

Prior or concomitant therapy

• Vaccination with any vaccine carried out within 30 days before vaccination / the first dose of the studied vaccine or planned administration within 30 days after vaccination / the last dose of the studied vaccine.
• Prior vaccination with an experimental or registered vaccine that may affect the interpretation of the study data (any coronavirus or SARS vaccines).
• Long-term use (more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants or other immunomodulatory drugs (immunoregulatory peptides, cytokines, interferons, immune system effector proteins (immunoglobulins), interferon inducers (cycloferon) during the six months preceding the study, according to anamnesis.
• Treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids (≥ 20 mg of prednisone, or an analog, for more than 15 days during the last month).
• Volunteers who received immunoglobulin preparations or blood transfusion during the last 3 months prior to the start of the study according to anamnesis.

Other non-inclusion criteria

• Participation in any other clinical trial within the last 3 months.

Exclusion criteria:

• Withdrawal of Informed consent by a volunteer;
• The volunteer was included in violation of the inclusion/non-inclusion criteria of the Protocol;
• Any condition of a volunteer that requires, in the reasoned opinion of a medical researcher, the withdrawal of a volunteer from the study;
• Taking unauthorized medications (see section 6.2);
• The volunteer refuses to cooperate or is undisciplined (for example, failure to attend a scheduled visit without warning the researcher and/or loss of communication with the volunteer), or dropped out of observation;
• For administrative reasons (termination of the study by the Sponsor or regulatory authorities), as well as in case of gross violations of the Protocol that may affect the results of the study.
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Health equity, healthy community, classes and events, the world is changing. medicine is changing. we're leading the way., featured initiatives, helpful resources.

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Obstetric Emergency Department (OB-ED) at Ohio State

When pregnancy care can't wait until the next day..

If you’re 16 or more weeks pregnant and experiencing a pregnancy-related health concern that requires immediate attention, Ohio State's 24/7 Obstetric Emergency Department (OB-ED) is here for you.

Important note: For life-threatening or non-pregnancy-related emergencies, call 911 or visit our General Emergency Departments at University Hospital or East Hospital . If you believe you’re in labor, contact your provider or their after-hours service.

Let’s put your mind at ease

If you’re worried about your health or the health of your baby, we’re here to help evaluate the situation and provide additional care as needed.

Our immediate goal is to complete a health assessment and testing needed to understand what’s going on, answer your questions and provide recommendations for the next steps.

• When you arrive at the OB-ED, we’ll use a standard evaluation tool called the Maternal Fetal Triage Index to help us prioritize care for the most at-risk patients.
• Please be assured your concerns will be fully heard and evaluated before your discharge.

Expert evaluation and peace of mind

Our team is dedicated to assessing your situation, providing answers and offering recommendations for the next steps. We prioritize your concerns and utilize the Maternal Fetal Triage Index for efficient and effective care.

Pregnancy concerns we treat

If you’re unsure whether you need an OB-ED visit, reach out to your provider. However, if you can’t reach them, our OB-ED is equipped to address a variety of concerns, including:

• Abdominal pain
• Spotting or bleeding
• Decreased fetal movement
• Urinary tract symptoms
• Injuries to the abdomen
• Dehydration
• Nausea and vomiting
• Visual disturbances
• Elevated blood pressure (BP)
• Suspected Influenza or COVID-19 symptoms
• Feeling generally unwell

Ohio State OB-ED location and directions

We’re always open and can be found on the 6th floor of Doan Hall.

Download maps and parking directions here .

Please see below for specific parking and entrance details based on the day and time of your visit.

Parking and entrance information

• Weekdays/Monday-Friday, 6 a.m.-5 p.m. We recommend that you park in the 12th Avenue Parking Garage and enter the hospital through the ground floor entrance opposite the parking garage. Take the Doan Hall elevator to the sixth floor.
• Weekends/Saturday or Sunday, 6 a.m.-5 p.m. Please park in the SAFEAUTO Garage and enter the hospital through the 10th Avenue main hospital entrance. Take the Doan Hall elevator to the sixth floor.
• After-Hours/Daily, 5 p.m.-6 a.m. Park in the Ohio State Wexner Medical Center garage or the SAFEAUTO Garage. Enter the hospital through the regular emergency department. We will help you get to the OB-ED on the 6th floor of Doan Hall.

Cost and Insurance

OB-ED visits are billed at an emergency department rate, and most insurance is accepted . Deductibles and coinsurance may apply.

Need an OB-GYN provider?

Ohio State offers comprehensive obstetrics and gynecology care at various convenient locations:

Patient Experience

The patient experience department is dedicated to making your stay as pleasant and comfortable as possible. Our team is available to assist with any non-medical questions or concerns related to your stay. All interactions between patients, or their representatives, and our staff are confidential. If you would like to speak with a patient relations coordinator, please call us:

Patient Experience University Hospital: 614-293-8944  Patient Experience East Hospital: 614-257-2310 

Helpful Links

• Download Ob/Gyn New Patient Forms
• Safe sleep practices for infants
• OSU Health Plan Maternity Program

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Our commitment to delivering trustworthy and engaging content is at the heart of what we do. Each fact on our site is contributed by real users like you, bringing a wealth of diverse insights and information. To ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability, our dedicated editors meticulously review each submission. This process guarantees that the facts we share are not only fascinating but also credible. Trust in our commitment to quality and authenticity as you explore and learn with us.

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• Patient Care & Health Information
• Diseases & Conditions
• Neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition that causes changes in skin pigment and tumors on nerve tissue. Skin changes include flat, light brown spots and freckles in the armpits and groin. Tumors can grow anywhere in the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves. NF1 is rare. About 1 in 2,500 is affected by NF1.

The tumors often are not cancerous, known as benign tumors. But sometimes they can become cancerous. Symptoms often are mild. But complications can occur and may include trouble with learning, heart and blood vessel conditions, vision loss, and pain.

Treatment focuses on supporting healthy growth and development in children and early management of complications. If NF1 causes large tumors or tumors that press on a nerve, surgery can reduce symptoms. A newer medicine is available to treat tumors in children, and other new treatments are being developed.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) usually is diagnosed during childhood. Symptoms are seen at birth or shortly afterward and almost always by age 10. Symptoms tend to be mild to moderate, but they can vary from person to person.

Symptoms include:

• Flat, light brown spots on the skin, known as cafe au lait spots. These harmless spots are common in many people. But having more than six cafe au lait spots suggests NF1. They often are present at birth or appear during the first years of life. After childhood, new spots stop appearing.
• Freckling in the armpits or groin area. Freckling often appears by ages 3 to 5. Freckles are smaller than cafe au lait spots and tend to occur in clusters in skin folds.
• Tiny bumps on the iris of the eye, known as Lisch nodules. These nodules can't easily be seen and don't affect vision.
• Soft, pea-sized bumps on or under the skin called neurofibromas. These benign tumors usually grow in or under the skin but can also grow inside the body. A growth that involves many nerves is called a plexiform neurofibroma. Plexiform neurofibromas, when located on the face, can cause disfigurement. Neurofibromas may increase in number with age.
• Bone changes. Changes in bone development and low bone mineral density can cause bones to form in an irregular way. People with NF1 may have a curved spine, known as scoliosis, or a bowed lower leg.
• Tumor on the nerve that connects the eye to the brain, called an optic pathway glioma. This tumor usually appears by age 3. The tumor rarely appears in late childhood and among teenagers, and almost never in adults.
• Learning disabilities. It's common for children with NF1 to have some trouble with learning. Often there is a specific learning disability, such as trouble with reading or math. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and speech delay also are common.
• Larger than average head size. Children with NF1 tend to have a larger than average head size due to increased brain volume.
• Short stature. Children who have NF1 often are below average in height.

When to see a doctor

See a healthcare professional if your child has symptoms of neurofibromatosis type 1. The tumors are often not cancerous and are slow growing, but complications can be managed. If your child has a plexiform neurofibroma, a medicine is available to treat it.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is caused by an altered gene that either is passed down by a parent or occurs at conception.

The NF1 gene is located on chromosome 17. This gene produces a protein called neurofibromin that helps regulate cell growth. When the gene is altered, it causes a loss of neurofibromin. This allows cells to grow without control.

Risk factors

Autosomal dominant inheritance pattern

In an autosomal dominant disorder, the changed gene is a dominant gene. It's located on one of the nonsex chromosomes, called autosomes. Only one changed gene is needed for someone to be affected by this type of condition. A person with an autosomal dominant condition — in this example, the father — has a 50% chance of having an affected child with one changed gene and a 50% chance of having an unaffected child.

The biggest risk factor for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a family history. For about half of people who have NF1, the disease was passed down from a parent. People who have NF1 and whose relatives aren't affected are likely to have a new change to a gene.

NF1 has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. This means that any child of a parent who is affected by the disease has a 50% chance of having the altered gene.

Complications

Complications of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) vary, even within the same family. Generally, complications occur when tumors affect nerve tissue or press on internal organs.

Complications of NF1 include:

• Neurological symptoms. Trouble with learning and thinking are the most common neurological symptoms associated with NF1. Less common complications include epilepsy and the buildup of excess fluid in the brain.
• Concerns with appearance. Visible signs of NF1 can include widespread cafe au lait spots, many neurofibromas in the facial area or large neurofibromas. In some people this can cause anxiety and emotional distress, even if they're not medically serious.
• Skeletal symptoms. Some children have bones that didn't form as usual. This can cause bowing of the legs and fractures that sometimes don't heal. NF1 can cause curvature of the spine, known as scoliosis, that may need bracing or surgery. NF1 also is associated with lower bone mineral density, which increases the risk of weak bones, known as osteoporosis.
• Changes in vision. Sometimes a tumor called an optic pathway glioma develops on the optic nerve. When this happens, it can affect vision.
• Increase in symptoms during times of hormonal change. Hormonal changes associated with puberty or pregnancy might cause an increase in neurofibromas. Most people who have NF1 have healthy pregnancies but will likely need monitoring by an obstetrician who is familiar with NF1.
• Cardiovascular symptoms. People who have NF1 have an increased risk of high blood pressure and may develop blood vessel conditions.
• Trouble breathing. Rarely, plexiform neurofibromas can put pressure on the airway.
• Cancer. Some people who have NF1 develop cancerous tumors. These usually arise from neurofibromas under the skin or from plexiform neurofibromas. People who have NF1 also have a higher risk of other forms of cancer. They include breast cancer, leukemia, colorectal cancer, brain tumors and some types of soft tissue cancer. Screening for breast cancer should begin earlier, at age 30, for women with NF1 compared to the general population.
• Benign adrenal gland tumor, known as a pheochromocytoma. This noncancerous tumor produces hormones that raise your blood pressure. Surgery often is needed to remove it.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 care at Mayo Clinic

• Ferri FF. Neurofibromatosis. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2024. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Neurofibromatosis. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Neurofibromatosis-Fact-Sheet. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Korf BR, et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): Pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Saleh M, et al. Neurofibromatosis type 1 system-based manifestations and treatments: A review. Neurological Sciences. 2023; doi:10.1007/s10072-023-06680-5.
• Neurofibromatosis. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Neurofibromatosis. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Neurofibromatosis. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/neurocutaneous-syndromes/neurofibromatosis. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Jankovic J, et al., eds. Neurocutaneous syndromes. In: Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Armstrong AE, et al. Treatment decisions and the use of the MEK inhibitors for children with neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas. BMC Cancer. 2023; doi:10.1186/s12885-023-10996-y.
• Zitelli BJ, et al., eds. Neurology. In: Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnoses. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2023. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Kellerman RD, et al. Neurofibromatosis (type 1). In: Conn's Current Therapy 2024. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Feb. 21, 2024.
• Babovic-Vuksanovic D (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. March 26, 2024.
• Tamura R. Current understanding of neurofibromatosis type 1, 2 and schwannomatosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; doi:10.3390/ijms22115850.
• Legius E, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: An international consensus recommendation. Genetics in Medicine. 2021; doi:10.1038/s41436-021-01170-5.
• Find a doctor. Children's Tumor Foundation. https://www.ctf.org/understanding-nf/find-a-doctor/. Accessed Feb. 26, 2024.
• Ami TR. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic. April 18, 2024.

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