travel essay class 11

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✍️Essay on Travelling: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Updated on
May 10, 2024

Did you know the tourism industry accounted for $2 Trillion in 2022? Every year, people travel around the world to take a break from their busy routines. This in turn helps them to come back more rejuvenated and more focused. But do you know the importance of travelling and how it helps one mentally and physically? Well, don’t worry as we have got you covered. Here we will give you details on an essay on travelling, which you can use at school, college and other academic levels.

Table of Contents

1 Importance of Travelling
2 Essay on Travelling in 100 words
3 Essay on Travelling in 200 words
4 Essay on Travelling in 300 words
5 Short Essay on Travelling

Importance of Travelling

Travelling is a vital facet of personal development and cultural enrichment. Travelling broadens one’s horizons, and fosters tolerance and understanding of diverse cultures. On the positive side of travelling is that it allows one to break free from their routine, and travel and stimulates creativity and problem-solving skills.

One should make sure they travel at least once a year. By doing so, it will act as a motivation for self-discovery, building confidence and allowing one to navigate several unfamiliar territories. Moreover, it creates long-lasting memories as well as bonds with friends or other people.

Travelling to new places and exploring nature’s wonders, historical landmarks, or vibrant cities imbues us with valuable experiences. It also promotes lifelong learning as well as appreciation for the beauty and diversity of our world. All in all, travelling to new places acts as an investment in both personal development and in terms of creating connections with new people.

Essay on Travelling in 100 words

People love to travel around the world for leisure while there are people who travel for educational purposes. At the same time, some people travel for work-related reasons. All those people who love to travel for educational purposes get the opportunity to their classroom learning into practical use as well.

On the other hand, some people travel only for pleasure and to get a break from their busy schedules. We can extend our horizons by experiencing the location’s food, culture, architecture, and other characteristics. Experiences from real life are always more valuable. We can learn about a different culture, language, way of life, and population by visiting a city in a foreign country. It is occasionally the best teacher for learning about the outside world.

Also Read: Essay on Abortion in English in 650 Words

Essay on Travelling in 200 words

Travelling is a captivating and enriching experience that broadens horizons, fosters personal growth, and connects individuals with diverse cultures and landscapes. It is a journey of discovery, both of the world and oneself.

One of the most profound aspects of travelling is the opportunity to explore new cultures. Immersing oneself in different traditions, cuisines, and languages opens one’s mind to the rich tapestry of humanity. It fosters tolerance, empathy, and a deeper understanding of global interconnectedness.

Moreover, travel provides a break from daily routine and offers a chance to escape the demands of daily life. It allows individuals to recharge, relax, and rejuvenate. Whether it’s lounging on a pristine beach, hiking in majestic mountains, or exploring bustling urban centres, travel offers diverse experiences for every taste and preference.

Furthermore, travelling encourages personal growth. It challenges individuals to step out of their comfort zones, adapt to unfamiliar environments, and solve problems on the go. It promotes self-confidence, independence, and resilience.

At last, travelling is not just a leisure activity; it is a transformative journey that enriches the mind, nourishes the soul, and leaves lasting memories. It is an essential part of the human experience, reminding us that the world is vast, diverse, and waiting to be explored. So, pack your bags and embark on the adventure of a lifetime. Your next great discovery may be just around the corner.

Also Read: Essay on Women’s Day in 200 and 500 words

Essay on Travelling in 300 words

Travelling is a transformative experience that opens up a world of possibilities and enriches our lives in countless ways. Whether it’s a weekend getaway to a nearby town or an adventure across continents, the act of travelling transcends mere movement; it’s a journey of self-discovery and exploration.

One of the best aspects of travelling is the exposure to diverse cultures. When we venture beyond our familiar surroundings, we encounter people with different traditions, languages, and perspectives. This exposure fosters empathy and a deeper understanding of the global community. It allows us to break down stereotypes and prejudices, promoting a more interconnected and peaceful world.

Travelling also provides an opportunity for personal growth. It challenges us to step out of our comfort zones and adapt to new situations. Whether it’s navigating through a bustling market in Marrakech or communicating with locals in Tokyo, these experiences build resilience and self-confidence. We also learn problem-solving skills, become more adaptable, and develop a greater sense of independence.

Furthermore, travel offers a chance to connect with nature. Travelling is a gateway to history and art. Visiting ancient ruins, museums, and historical sites immerses us in the rich tapestry of human civilization. It deepens our appreciation for the accomplishments and struggles of those who came before us, fostering a sense of heritage and a connection to our shared past.

In conclusion, travelling is not just about going from one place to another; it’s a journey of self-discovery, cultural immersion, personal growth, and appreciation for the world we inhabit. It broadens our horizons, challenges our assumptions, and enriches our lives in ways that few other experiences can. So, whether you’re exploring a distant land or simply taking a road trip to a neighbouring town, embrace the opportunity to travel and let it transform you.

Also Read: How to Write an Essay in English?

Short Essay on Travelling

Here is a sample of a short essay on travelling:

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Travel Essay In English

Many people travel for various reasons. People frequently travel, whether it is for business or for pleasure. While some love to go to hilly areas, others enjoy visiting coastal locations. Here are a few sample essays on ‘Travel.’

100 Words Essay On Travel

While some people travel for leisure, others do so for educational purposes. At the same time, some people travel for work-related reasons. Those who take educational excursions get to put all they've learned in the classroom into practice. On the other side, people who travel for pleasure get to explore and engage in rejuvenating activities, which may help them relax. We can extend our horizons by experiencing the location's food, culture, architecture, and other characteristics. Experiences from real life are always more valuable. We can learn about a different culture, language, way of life, and population by visiting a city in a foreign country. It is occasionally the best teacher for learning about the outside world.

200 Words Essay On Travel

There are many good reasons to go on vacation .People will embark on a voyage if given enough chances to do so. While some people travel for leisure, others go for educational objectives. Some also travel for work-related reasons. People who take educational tours encounter firsthand everything they've read about in the text. Similarly, those who travel for pleasure get to experience and partake in rejuvenating activities that may help them reduce stress in their daily lives. Our minds can be opened to new concepts by the location's culture, architecture, gastronomy, and other aspects. The beautiful thing about travel is how much you can learn about life. Many people travel annually to numerous locations all around the world.

My Trip To Kashmir

I had Kashmir on the itinerary for my Navarathri holidays. I took a flight to Srinagar from Delhi. I was thrilled to see the snow-capped mountains and lovely valleys outside my window. I visited Shalimar Bagh and Nishant Bagh before taking a shikara ride on Dal Lake. There were many markets floating on the boundary of Dal Lake. In the following days, I went to Gulmarg, Pahalgam and Sonmarg. After visiting all those places, this trip came to an end and was one of the best trips of my life. I met a lot of new people who were international tourists coming there for the first time.

500 Words Essay On Travel

According to a dictionary definition, travel is to move from one location to another, typically across a significant distance. But for many others, travelling goes well beyond that. "To travel is to live," as Hans Christian Anderson once said.

Importance Of Travel

Travelling can be a refreshing experience. We can learn so many things through travelling that are impossible to learn while staying home.

It teaches you how to meet new people. You can make friends when you visit new places and spend time getting to know them.

Additionally, it aids in the development of your social abilities. Following that, travelling is fantastic for picking up new talents. For example, seeing mountainous areas teaches you how to hike. Similar to how seeing beaches aids in learning to surf or scuba dive.

When you travel, you can also partake in the splendour of the outdoors. Travelling also aids in our understanding of other people.

You engage with the locals of a new place after spending some time there. You find out a lot about them and their way of life. You become more accepting of other people's cultures and ideas.

Travelling: Then Vs Now

Technology has dramatically transformed how people travel. Travelling was difficult in former times. Back then, there were only two ways to get around: on foot or by an animal. Ships were an alternative, but they posed too much risk. In addition, people travelled by camels, bullock carts, and horses. Sledges were an alternative for those going to areas with snow. It also took too long to traverse even short distances, which was a headache.

However, thanks to modern technology and advancing times, travelling is now among the simplest things to accomplish. The travel industry has undergone a significant transformation due to the abundance of new travel options. Today, we have access to many transportation options, including buses, trains, trucks, aeroplanes, submarines, hovercrafts, and more. Thanks to these transportation alternatives, you may quickly go to distant locations.

There are also no longer any obstacles. When visiting a distant city or nation, you can use internet interpreters and maps to your advantage. Additionally, restaurants and cab services are easily accessible. Therefore, thanks to technology, travelling is now quite simple.

My Travel To Goa

Last year, I travelled to Goa with my family. Goa is a fantastic location for a fun vacation. One thing that struck me as impressive was how many green trees were there along the route. The highway was quiet unlike in the metropolitan cities. People gather and start having fun on the beach as the day transitions into the evening. I also visited Panjim, where I saw a lot of lovely things. I went to a well-known church in Goa and lit a few candles. I also tried several water sports such as jet skiing, paragliding and snorkelling. The experience of it was out of the ordinary. I was terrified at first to go paragliding but once I was in the air, it felt like I could fly. My parents and I tried many beach restaurants and cafes and met people from all over the world. I was surprised to encounter so many tourists there but it was lovely getting to know them. I made some friends as well and I’m looking forward to staying in touch with them.

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Journey — My First International Trip

My First International Trip

Categories: Adventure Journey

About this sample

Words: 675 |

Published: Aug 24, 2023

Words: 675 | Page: 1 | 4 min read

Cultural immersion and perspective shift, embracing the unfamiliar, global citizenship and empathy, conclusion: a journey of transformation.

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Essay on Tourism

Tourism Essay

An introduction.

Tourism is the largest and fastest-growing industry across the world. It is a source of revenue and employment. It also gives the opportunity for people to understand the culture, civilization, and religious aspects of a country. There are many countries whose main source of revenue is Tourism. It is an export that is not visible which earns valuable foreign exchange without any substantial or actual loss of internal resources. Tourism is a unique type of highly labor-intensive industry. It provides different services that are needed as well as expected by the incoming tourists. Tourism is one of the largest industries in terms of money spent by tourists in the countries they visit. The amount received from the Tourism industries sometimes exceeds the Gross National Product of many countries.

India is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Asia and has been successful in attracting domestic and international tourists. India has fascinated many tourists across the globe with her secularism and her culture. The scenic landscape, hill stations, historical sites, architecture and monuments, beaches, and enchanting backwater, places of religious interest make India a preferred destination for tourists from all over the world. Tourism in India has immense potential of developing into a high revenue-generating industry. Better connectivity of transport and communication, improved hospitality services and standard of living and value of money to the tourists from foreign countries have led to an increase in domestic as well as international Tourism.

Tourism is one of the most important and fastest-growing industries in today’s world that creates a lot of job opportunities. It generates a lot of revenue and adds to the economy of the country. Apart from generating jobs and revenue, it gives an opportunity for people of different countries and cultures to move and mingle with other cultures and social environments for the purpose of entertainment as well as professional purposes. It is only through Tourism that the world can get closer and know each other both socially, culturally and religiously. It creates good bonding among people of different languages and cultures. It also paves the way to understand and explore the rich heritage and ancient history of an unknown place.

It is an export that is not visible which earns valuable foreign exchange without any substantial or actual loss of internal resources. Tourism is a unique type of highly labor-intensive industry. It provides different services that are needed as well as expected by the incoming tourists. Tourism is one of the largest industries in terms of money spent by tourists in the countries they visit. The amount received from the Tourism industries sometimes exceeds the Gross National Product of many countries.

India is one of the most preferred tourist destinations in Asia because of its beautiful landscape, rich cultural heritage, myriad attractions and valuable ancient history. India serves as the hub of different cultures and languages within it and has always attracted domestic and international tourists. In 2019 it has attracted 10.93 million international tourists and this contributed to almost 4.7% to India’s GDP. India has also attracted international tourists because of the liberty it gives to different religions. The peaceful existence of people of 22 languages and 9 religions is a source of attraction for all international tourists. India has a mosaic of enchanting hill stations, magnificent architecture and monuments, picturesque beaches, and enchanting backwater. India has always been famous for its hospitality services. Our guests are considered as God and the tourists feel quite safe in India. A lot of solo travellers prefer certain parts of India over any other place in the world. Indian Tourism gives proper value to tourists from foreign countries.

Benefits of Tourism in India

The Tourism industry gives a wide scope of employment to people. It has not only provided employment opportunities to people but also alleviated poverty and sustained human development. Tourism has promoted and benefitted small and local handicrafts and cultural activities. It has played a significant role in promoting national integrity and international understanding. The most important benefit of Tourism is to give a sense of relief and relaxation to people when they get tired and exhausted from their hectic schedules and hustle-bustle of city life. It is a pleasant gateway for people. The Tourism industry has also benefited other sectors like aviation, transport, horticulture, and handicraft. The hotel industry has immensely benefited from Tourism and provides ample employment and help in earning foreign exchange. This industry has become one of the major contributors to the GDP of the country. It has significantly contributed to the economic development of India by improving transportation and infrastructure facilities across the country.

Tourism has played a very vital role in reviving India’s art and culture. Tourists from foreign countries show a keen interest in the rich culture and heritage of India and this boosts the morale of the small artisans and adds to their novelty.

Promotion and Development of Tourism

For better growth, the Indian Government is taking a keen interest in promoting the different sections of Tourism such as rural Tourism, eco-Tourism, and spiritual Tourism, spa Tourism, and adventure Tourism. Nowadays, medical Tourism has also become an important source of revenue for the healthcare sector. Many people from our neighboring countries and from our western countries are turning towards India for affordable and world-class health care services and treatment.

Indian Tourism has grown significantly over the years. The services rendered to the tourists visiting India from foreign countries are the indiscernible products of the Tourism industry. These products like hospitality services of all kinds for tourists turn into invisible exports because these services generate a lot of earnings without leaving Indian soil. The Tourism Ministry of India has played a major role in the development of the industry. The India Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) formed by the Tourism department has carried out many vital developments to encourage Tourism in India. The ITDC hotels are situated at the prime locations of important tourist destinations in India and provide comfortable and affordable boarding and lodging.

The launching of the ‘Incredible India’ campaign by the Government of India is instrumental in promoting India as a holistic tourist destination in the domestic and international markets. Other specialized international media campaigns under ‘Incredible India’ have been launched and even the celebrities of our country have been roped into making this campaign of ‘Incredible India’ a big success in foreign lands also.

The ‘Clean India’ campaign launched by the Indian Government ensures full cleanliness, which has become an indispensable norm at all the tourist destinations. The Government has also conducted regular studies to analyze the market in order to identify the key factors, income figures, holiday habits, and psychology of people. This helps them to identify the key drivers in the Tourism industry and tackle the issues that deter the scope of Tourism.

According to research reports, the medical Tourism market in the Indian healthcare sector is valued to be worth over three hundred million dollars with more than one lakh foreign patients coming every year. The Government has also gone a step further to permit foreigners to visit India on an e-Tourist Visa for attending short-term yoga programs.

The Tourism industry is the largest service industry in India and has the potential to stimulate the economic growth of the country. It becomes important for all citizens to develop the Tourism infrastructure and maintain tourist destinations, railway stations, airports, rest houses, and hotels.

FAQs on Essay on Tourism

1. Which Countries in the World Depend on Tourism for Their National Revenue?

Countries like Maldives, Bahamas, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and many such countries depend on tourism for national revenue.

2. How does Tourism Benefit India?

Tourism in India generates mass employment and raises the income levels thereby contributing significantly to the economic development of the country. It has led to significant improvement in the transportation and infrastructure facilities across the country. The hotel industry benefits from tourism and provides ample employment and help in earning foreign exchange. This industry has become one of the major contributors to the GDP of the country. Tourism has also played a very vital role in reviving India’s art and culture.

3. What Measures did the Indian Government Take to Promote Tourism?

The Indian government has taken many measures for promoting the different sections of tourism such as rural tourism, eco-tourism, and spiritual tourism, spa tourism, and adventure tourism. Nowadays, medical tourism has also become an important source of revenue for the healthcare sector. The government has also taken a step to permit foreigners to visit India on an e-Tourist Visa for attending short-term yoga programs. The Government of India has launched the campaign of “Incredible India” which is instrumental in promoting India as a holistic tourist destination in the domestic and international markets. Other specialized international media campaigns under ‘Incredible India’ have been launched and even the celebrities of our country have been roped into making this campaign of ‘Incredible India’ a big success in foreign lands also. The Tourism Ministry provides financial assistance to the states, union territories, and other central agencies to develop tourism in their area and promote the culture and natural beauty of different regions and pilgrimage sites.

4. What is the ‘Clean India’ Campaign Started by the Ministry of India?

The ‘Clean India’ campaign started by the Ministry of India ensures full cleanliness, which has become an indispensable norm at all the tourist destinations.

5. What are the benefits of Indian Tourism?

Indian Tourism is one of the most important ways to add to its GDP. Tourism industry has released the excess dependency on the agricultural and manufacturing industry for employment to such a huge Indian population. It has given opportunities to the Indian craftsmen to get recognition of their work and income from their work. The Indian small scale industry has flourished mainly because of Tourism. The best part of Indian Tourism is that it has improved both national and international integration among the people. Indian Tourism has the capability to recharge, refresh and revive a tired mind with its beauty and different attractions.

6. Which is the most attractive type of Tourism in India?

India is famous for its rich cultural heritage. Variety of fairs and festivals throughout the year in different parts of the country makes it so colorful that international tourists cannot resist the attraction. Cultural heritage has been the best type of Tourism in the country. Good communication inside and outside the country makes it easily accessible also. Tourists can travel from the picturesque beaches of Goa to the great monuments of Agra and other parts of north India to great relaxing hill stations. It is definitely difficult to cover the whole of India in a month even but only a few famous parts can create such lingering memories in the mind of the tourists which they can cherish life long.

7. Why and what important measures have been taken to promote Indian Tourism?

The Tourism industry needs to be developed further to promote and strengthen national integration. It is the only way by which each and every Indian citizen is aware of their rich cultural heritage, a plethora of languages and religions. To improve the economy of the country this is one of the easiest ways to promote. Hence the Government has taken lots of measures to promote Indian Tourism. The Government has added spa Tourism and medical Tourism further to promote the Tourism industry. The India Tourism Development Corporation has taken lots of measures to encourage Tourism like the following campaigns:

Comfortable, safe and affordable hotels for tourists are not only prime locations but other areas also have been set up for the benefit of tourists.

The banner of the ‘Incredible India’ campaign by the Government of India has successfully promoted Indian Tourism among foreigners. The Indian celebrity has also taken part in this campaign to promote Indian Tourism.

The launching of the ‘Clean India’ by the Government provides a clean environment for the national and international tourists which is one of the most essential parts of Tourism.

8. How has the Tourism industry updated itself?

Tourism originated in the seventeenth century with the purpose of learning and understanding the history, civilization and rich art and cultural heritage of India. Indian international trade was also famous at that time for its huge resources. India has remained an attraction among international tourists since then. In the modern world, however, tourists are more business-oriented and commercially organized. This urges the need to promote business Tourism, sports Tourism, spa Tourism and also medical Tourism. Modern Tourism has taken a keen interest in the rich heritage of Ayurved both for medical and relaxing purposes. People who need medical help prefer India because of some good opportunities that they get in the Indian health system, comparable health infrastructure and affordable medical costs in India.

9. What are the roles of a citizen to promote the Tourism of the country?

The Indian Government has taken enough measures to promote Indian Tourism but that needs to be complemented by the people of India also. This is the responsibility of every citizen of the country to provide good hospitality and security to foreign travellers. The people of the country should always try their best to suggest the best tourist spots of the country and can give a brief outline of the country’s rich heritage. It is the responsibility of the citizens to maintain a clean environment for the travellers. The tourists should like India because of its hygiene and cleanliness also.

Tourism Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Tourism

Tourism Essay – Tourism is a major economic activity that has developed significantly over the years. It’s an activity that can be recognized in both developed and developing nations. In general terms, tourism is the movement of a person from one place to another to visit and mesmerize the beauty of that place or to have fun. Moreover, the concept of traveling is considered a luxury and only people with higher income can afford this luxury.

The Growth of Tourism

Earlier our ancestors used to travel by sea routes as it was a convenient and most affordable medium but it was time taking. Due to, technological advancement we can now easily travel to any place without wasting time we can travel thousands of miles within a few hours. Technological advancement has shrunk the earth into a global village. Besides, the modern modes are much safer than the modes that our predecessors used.

Effect of Tourism on a Country

For any country, tourism generates a lot of money especially a country like India. Due to the Taj Mahal (one of the seven wonders of the world) every year the government raise a huge sum of revenue. Also, because of tourism other industries also bloom. Such industries include transportation, wildlife, arts and entertainment, accommodation, etc.

Moreover, this ultimately leads to the creation of job and other opportunities in the area. But there are some drawbacks too which can affect the lifestyle and cultural value of the country.

Importance of Tourism

Traveling is a tiring and difficult thing and not everyone is able to travel. But at the same time, it’s a fun activity that takes your tiredness away. Travelling adds flavor to life as you travel to different places that have a different culture and lifestyle. Also, it’s an easy way to learn about the culture and tradition of a place. Besides, for many areas, tourism is their main source of income.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

India- A Tourist Attraction

The Taj Mahal is not the only destination in India that attract tourist. Likewise, there are hundreds of tourist destination that is spread over the Indian plateau. India has a large variety of Flora and Fauna. Besides, the equator divides the geographical land of India into almost two equal halves that make India a country where six seasons occurs.

Moreover, in almost every city of India, there is a historical monument made by the rulers in their time period.

Benefits of Tourism

Tourism not only benefits the government but also the people that live in the local area. It also creates a business as well as employment opportunities for the local people which ultimately help the government to earn income.

Benefits Due to Tourism

As we know that tourism contributes a lot to the revenue of the country. Also, the government uses this income for the growth and development of the country. Likewise, they construct dams, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, Dharamshala and many more.

In conclusion, we can say that tourism is a very productive activity both for the tourist and the government. As they support each other simultaneously. Also, the government should consider improving the conditions of the country as more and more number of tourist visit their country.

Above all, tourism is one of the fastest-growing industry in the world that has changed the scenario of the world.

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Write a Good Travel Essay. Please.

Kathleen Boardman

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Editor’s Note: We know that many of you are looking for help writing travel experience essays for school or simply writing about a trip for your friends or family. To inspire you and help you write your next trip essay—whether it’s an essay about a trip with family or simply a way to remember your best trip ever (so far)—we enlisted the help of Professor Kathleen Boardman, whose decades of teaching have helped many college students learn the fine art of autobiography and life writing. Here’s advice on how to turn a simple “my best trip” essay into a story that will inspire others to explore the world.

Welcome home! Now that you’re back from your trip, you’d like to share it with others in a travel essay. You’re a good writer and a good editor of your work, but you’ve never tried travel writing before. As your potential reader, I have some advice and some requests for you as you write your travel experience essay.

Trip Essays: What to Avoid

Please don’t tell me everything about your trip. I don’t want to know your travel schedule or the names of all the castles or restaurants you visited. I don’t care about the plane trip that got you there (unless, of course, that trip is the story).

I have a friend who, when I return from a trip, never asks me, “How was your trip?” She knows that I would give her a long, rambling answer: “… and then … and then … and then.” So instead, she says, “Tell me about one thing that really stood out for you.” That’s what I’d like you to do in this travel essay you’re writing.

The Power of Compelling Scenes

One or two “snapshots” are enough—but make them great. Many good writers jump right into the middle of their account with a vivid written “snapshot” of an important scene. Then, having aroused their readers’ interest or curiosity, they fill in the story or background. I think this technique works great for travel writing; at least, I would rather enjoy a vivid snapshot than read through a day-to-day summary of somebody’s travel journal.

Write About a Trip Using Vivid Descriptions

Take your time. Tell a story. So what if you saw things that were “incredible,” did things that were “amazing,” observed actions that you thought “weird”? These words don’t mean anything to me unless you show me, in a story or a vivid description, the experience that made you want to use those adjectives.

I’d like to see the place, the people, or the journey through your eyes, not someone else’s. Please don’t rewrite someone else’s account of visiting the place. Please don’t try to imitate a travel guide or travelogue or someone’s blog or Facebook entry. You are not writing a real travel essay unless you are describing, as clearly and honestly as possible, yourself in the place you visited. What did you see, hear, taste, say? Don’t worry if your “take” on your experience doesn’t match what everyone else says about it. (I’ve already read what THEY have to say.)

The Importance of Self-Editing Your Trip Essay

Don’t give me your first draft to read. Instead, set it aside and then reread it. Reread it again. Where might I need more explanation? What parts of your account are likely to confuse me? (After all, I wasn’t there.) Where might you be wasting my time by repeating or rambling on about something you’ve already told me?

Make me feel, make me laugh, help me learn something. But don’t overdo it: Please don’t preach to me about broadening my horizons or understanding other cultures. Instead, let me in on your feelings, your change of heart and mind, even your fear and uncertainty, as you confronted something you’d never experienced before. If you can, surprise me with something I didn’t know or couldn’t have suspected.

You Can Do It: Turning Your Trip into a Great Travel Experience Essay

I hope you will take yourself seriously as a traveler and as a writer. Through what—and how—you write about just a small portion of your travel experience, show me that you are an interesting, thoughtful, observant person. I will come back to you, begging for more of your travel essays.

Take Notes in a Cute Journal

Keep track of all the crucial details- and even the ones you might forget, in a durable and refillable journal.

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Travel Essay

Travel essay generator.

Being given the chance to write essays travel to places around the world is a privilege that shouldn’t be taken for granted. For some people, it’s a dream that isn’t quite easy to reach. After all, not everyone is fortunate enough to afford such luxury.

When one travels, it’s an experience that they want to share with others. They want to tell a story of the things they’ve seen, the people they met, and the culture they’ve experienced. Most people tell this story through photographs, video diaries, or even travel essays. Through this, they are able to express the thrill and joy from their travel experience. It’s not about bragging but it’s about sharing the beauty of our surroundings.

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Travel Photo Essay

How to Write a Travel Essay?

Writing a travel essay is simple. The only thing essential is how you deliver the message. When you travel, it’s important to pay close attention to details.

This would be anything from the structure, the ambiance, and the locals. Allow yourself to wander and focus on the uniqueness of the given place. Tour guides, natives, and travel brochures often provide a short history of a place that you could include in your essay. It’s also best to learn the backstory of a place through your own research. This will allow you and the reader to feel the historic value of a place. It’s best to create an essay outline of your experience for you to properly organize your thoughts.

Purpose of Travel Essay

You have probably read a travel essay in the past. This could be from blogs, newspapers, or magazines. Some essays are so well-written that it makes you feel like you’re a part of the experience. This would inspire you to visit the place at one point in your life. However, it’s not all about what to see or where to go. It’s about the experience. It’s about sharing the beauty of a place that most people aren’t aware of. Travelling isn’t only about having fun but it’s also about appreciating the world we live in.

It’s a descriptive essay explaining the endless wonders of mankind. A travel essay also provides a glimpse of the culture of a given place. Writers inform us of the living conditions of the people there, their character traits, and their outlook in life. These essays are meant to be informative for people to remember that there’s a whole different world out there to explore.

Travel Experience

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Why Is It Important to Write a Travel Essay?

Travel essays may be written for different reasons. This could be to promote a given location to encourage tourists for a given travel agency or even as a good subject for a high school essay . Writing a travel essay is important in such a way that we can promote local tourism.

Not only can this support a country’s economy but it can also contribute to a local citizen’s means of living. A travel essay is often more accurate and descriptive than a mere photograph. It simply brings the image to life.

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Write a Travel Essay on a transformative travel experience.

Create a Travel Essay exploring the culture of a country you visited.

Tourism Essay

500+ words essay on tourism.

Tourism is an incredible way to showcase India’s rich and magnificent history, culture and diversity. Its magnificent monuments attract a large number of tourists from all over the world. The natural surroundings, the architectural masterpieces, the music, dance, paintings, customs and languages all make India a tourist paradise. The tourism industry occupies a unique place as it is one of the major emerging segments of the Indian economy. It brings huge foreign exchange and generates employment. This essay on tourism will help students to understand India as a destination for tourists.

Students can also go through the CBSE Essays to get the list of essay topics. It helps them in improving their writing skills. Moreover, they can participate in various essay writing competitions conducted in schools.

India as a Tourism Paradise

India has made a unique place on the world tourism map because of its rich natural and cultural diversity. In India, tourism is the third-largest industry in which about ten million people are employed directly or indirectly. Its visitor-friendly traditions, varied lifestyles, cultural heritage, colourful fairs and festivals are attractions for tourists. From ancient times, the rulers in different parts of India built luxurious palaces, wonderful temples, evergreen gardens, high forts and tombs. India is very rich in natural and cultural landscapes for tourism. The beautiful beaches, wildlife, national parks, sanctuaries, snow cover, rivers, mountain peaks, technological parks, and centres of pilgrimage are some of the tourist attractions in India. Heritage trains, yoga, meditation, Ayurveda, Siddha and natural health resorts also attract tourists in great numbers.

The beauty of the cultural heritage and natural sites makes India a tourist paradise. We respect our guests and treat them as God. That is why we developed a cultural tradition where ‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ (Guest is God). India is the centre of spiritualism. The spiritual destinations are attracting a huge number of domestic and international tourists to India. Indian handicrafts, particularly jewellery, carpets, leather goods, and brass work, are the main shopping items for foreign tourists.

Benefits of Tourism

In the era of globalisation, travel and tourism activities have increased significantly. Promoting tourism not only creates jobs, drives exports, and generates prosperity across the world but also leads to several intangible benefits. It acts as a cultural adhesive that can be wielded as a powerful tool for global peace and integrity. It also helps people of far-flung areas to promote their culture and norms and provides the opportunity for a country to showcase various facets of its natural and cultural heritage across the world. Tourism also creates incentives for the conservation and preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of countries. They can help meet the cost of the conservation of archaeological and historic sites and prevent the deterioration or disappearance of these sites.

Tourism activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth. It can be regarded as a mechanism for generating employment as well as income in both formal and informal sectors. The speedy growth of tourism causes an increase in household incomes and government revenues. Central and State Governments are taking a number of initiatives to promote tourism in India.

The travel and tourism industry has witnessed substantial growth in the recent period. It has immense potential for further expansion in the tourism sector on account of the vast natural and cultural heritage in India. There are several challenges in the tourism industry. Alleviation of these challenges will be essential for the industry to realise its full potential. The measures put in the tourism sector today will shape the tourism of tomorrow.

Students must have found this tourism essay useful for improving their essay writing skills. They can get the study material and the latest update on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams, at BYJU’S.

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Essay on My Most Memorable Travel Experience for Students [PDF]

Who doesn’t love travelling? Maybe rare! I love travelling so much, in this essay paper I am covering my most memorable travel experience, I hope you like this essay presentation. So without wasting more of your time let’s jump to the essay!

Essay on My Most Memorable Travel Experience feature image

I love to travel

Don’t you? For me traveling opens my mind to new ideas, new adventures and lets me learn. I like to learn as well and when I travel I get to learn about different people, their cultures and their way of thinking.

When I was young I was able to travel across Canada. Even in a western country, there are different cultures and I got to see Ottawa and Montreal up close. The French Canadians are not the same as the Western Canadian and my experience was fabulous.

Going to the east was not as exciting as traveling through the Rocky Mountains though. The grandeur and beauty of that mountain range defy description. Snow-capped almost all year round, these mountains stood tall and majestic.

They even have a glacier in their midst that is something to behold. Lake Louise stands out as well with its multi-colored water and mountain surroundings. But as good as those trips were, they do not compare to when I left Canada and traveled to Asia for the first time.

Here I was traveling to a completely different culture than I had experienced as a child. My itinerary was taking me to the land of the Morning Calm and was known in earlier days as the hermit kingdom.

This was going to be a new experience for me. The plane took off going in a northerly direction as airlines like to fly close to land. This is a good policy as the passengers get to see the grand western mountains from a new angle.

Up to and past Mt. Mckinley the snow-covered peaks glistened under the sun’s rays… That look was made better by the contrasting dark green colors of the forests that make their home throughout the mountains.

Then as we were flying over the north Pacific ocean the realization set in that I was in for an adventure. The bright blue waters of the Pacific made the Japanese islands look like little diamonds set on a velvet cloth.

A few minutes later we were passing over the eastern coastline of Korea, with its tall waves beating against the rocky shores. It was too late to turn back. We were almost to our destination, Seoul.

After we had landed and I found my way to my hotel. The great thing about Korea is that it has signed both in English and Korean making it easy for foreigners to navigate to their destinations without hassle.

The taxi drivers were polite and very helpful, plus they did not try to rip me off. They drove me directly to my hotel and helped me get inside. In looking out my hotel window I could see what made Seoul so attractive. It was a modern city filled with history.

A history the Korean people were proud of. That pride was found in the lack of an entry fee to their wonderful museums. Even their ancient palaces were not that expensive to enter. Seoul. Has at least 3 of them within its borders.

The main palace, Geongbokgung, is backed by Seoul’s mountains giving it a picture-perfect quality that is astounding. It took some time to see it all. After I left the palace I headed to the first national treasure of Korea, Nam Dae Mun or the southern gate.

It stood tall and proud and it would be the entrance you would come through if you were traveling to Seoul from the south. The wide Han River is quietly weaved its way through the city supply the residents with pure mountain fresh water every day.

There is too much to list here that both Seoul and Korea have to offer but it was a trip of a lifetime and one I will always remember. It wasn’t a vacation nor an adventure. It was a true travel experience.

Do not forget to share your thought on this Essay on My Most Memorable Travel Experience, it will help us to deliver more helpful essays for you guys.

English Essay on “Air Travel” Full-Length Essay, Paragraph, Speech for Class 10, 11 and 12 Students.

Travelling by air is one of the most exciting ways of travelling, and the Airport from where air travel begins is a place bustling with activities, people coming and going, and announcements being made to remind passengers that their flight is about to take off.

After arriving at the Airport, it is customary to deposit your baggage at the airline counter. The officer on duty examines your air ticket. Expect a queue at the counter, but wait your turn patiently—it will come.

After your tickets have been checked, the baggage is weighed. The standard baggage permitted is 20 kgs per passenger traveller on the economy class, and 30 kgs for those travelling in the first class, on both domestic and international flights.

The baggage that is not required on the flight is checked in. Normally a small bag is allowed into the aircraft, no large baggage is permitted. This is placed on the rack above your seat. The rest of the baggage that is checked in, is kept in the storage compartment of the aircraft and delivered on arrival at the destination.

Usually, stickers and baggage tags are provided by the airlines for aim-,° onto the baggage. Excess baggage should always be avoided. After checking both tickets and baggage the counterfoil is returned by the airline staff with a boarding pass.

In the case of an international flight, there is a custom, immigration, and security check before the passenger actually proceeds towards the aircraft. Nowadays, in order to protect passengers and aircraft from hijackers and terrorists, strict security and restrictions have been placed. These measures have been enforced after several cases of hijacking which have left passengers very insecure and scared.

Areas where people coming to ‘see off’ their friends or relatives, have now been closed, as a security safeguard. If your seat is near the window, you can look out and see the clouds so close you can almost touch them. As you ascend higher and higher, the city you just left behind looks miniature, like a doll’s playground with gardens and trees. For these few moments, it’s easy to visualise what birds feel like in the sky with nothing but the clouds, your flying in space’, away from the hindrance of city life.

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Class XI English – The Adventure – Hornbill

This post “The Adventure” has a brief life history of the author, introduction, theme, word meanings, summary, main points, important extracts, questions, and answers with all NCERT solutions to facilitate the understanding of the lesson. Academicseasy is presenting a fully revised and updated study material of the lesson in accordance with the new latest syllabus introduced by CBSE and NCERT for the session 2020-21. We have made a judicious selection of the material for an intensive comprehension of the text. We hope it will meet your requirements. Your comments and suggestions are most welcome to enable us to develop this post in a better way.

The Adventure Author

Image Reference: http://mithilareview.com

Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is a famous cosmologist and astrophysicist. He was born on July 19, 1938 at Kolhapur, Maharashtra. His father Vishnu Vasudeva Narlikar was a well-known teacher and mathematician. He was professor and Head of the Department of Mathematics in the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. His mother, Sumati Vishnu Narlikar was a Sanskrit scholar. Jayant inherited the intellectual brilliance from his parents and always did exceptionally well in his class and obtained top position. He also studied at Banaras Hindu University and got his B.Sc. degree in 1957.

Then he went to Cambridge University, England for higher studies in mathematics in the year 1957 and joined Fritz William House. He obtained his master’s degree in 1964 and then Ph.D. in 1963. As a research scholar he won the prestigious Smith’s Prize in 1962 and then Adam’s Prize in 1967. In the same year he secured his Sc.D. degree from the Cambridge.

He married Mangala Sadashiv Rajwade, a scholar in mathematics. They have three daughters. At Cambridge he was a student of the famous astronomer and astrophysicist Fred Hoyle.

He was also a founder staff member of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy which was set up at the Cambridge University under the guidance and inspiration of Fred Hoyle in 1966. When he returned to India in 1972 he was appointed Professor at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at Mumbai.

Narlikar has won many honours and awards. In 1978 he got the S.S. Bhatnagar award for physical sciences and then F.I.E Foundation’s Rashtrabhushan Award in 1981. In 1993 he was given B.M. Birla Award.

The Adventure Introduction

The story Adventure belongs to science fiction. Professor Gangadhar Pant Gaitonde finds himself in a strange world. No doubt he is in Pune, but the facts do not agree with history. He decides to go to Bombay and consult history books. Bombay is not what he expected to find it. East India Company is still ruling there. According to the history known to him, the East India Company was wound up just after the events of 1857. He goes to the library and finds the answer. The events took a different course after the battle of Panipat. The Marathas had won the battle, not lost it.

The Adventure Summary

Professor Gaitonde: Professor Gaitonde, a historian is going to give a lecture on the implications of Catastrophe Theory in the Third Battle of Panipat. On the way his car collides with a truck and he goes into coma. In his unconscious state, he experiences another world where history is different from how we know in the real world. In the Third Battle of Panipat, Afghans defeated Marathas killing their leader Viswas Rao. But in the parallel world, Marathas win the war as Viswas Rao escapes narrowly from the bullet. The victory of Marathas brings about diverse changes and reforms in the country. He gains consciousness and his friend Rajendra Deshpande rationalizes his strange experience on the basis of two scientific theories, viz. Catastrophe Theory and the lack of determinism in Quantum Theory.

The Parallel world: Professor Gaitonde is on his way to Bombay from Pune. It is the pre-independent Bombay where he finds Anglo-Indians and Union Jack. He goes to a library and reads four volumes of history starting from the period of Asoka up to the Third Battle of Panipat. The fifth volume of the Book (Bhausahebanchi Bakhar) tells a different story where Marathas win the war against Afghans in the Third Battle of Panipat. After their victory India moved towards democracy. Absentmindedly, he tucks into his pocket a copy of the book. He reaches Azad Maidan where a lecture is going on. The absence of the chairman for the meeting makes it strange but the crowd doesn’t want one though the Professor protests. He gets on to the stage, snatches the mike and starts speaking. The crowd showers eggs and tomatoes on him and finally throws him out. He is lost in the crowd. This is where the Professor’s strange experience ends. Next we find him talking to his friend Rajendra in the real world.

Rajendra’s explanation: Rajendra explains the bizarre experience of the Professor on the basis of two scientific theories, viz. Catastrophe Theory and the lack of determinism in Quantum theory. Catastrophe theory states that a small change in circumstance can bring sudden shift in behavior. If we apply this theory to the battle of Panipat, we can find that there was a crucial moment when the Marathas lost both their leaders-Viswas Rao and Bhausaheb. So, the Marathas lost their morale and lost the battle. But in the parallel world Prof. Gaitonde saw the bullet missing Viswas Rao and Marathas winning the battle. A crucial event gone other way can change the course of history (the bullet missing/hitting the leader). The Professor produced a torn page of Bhausahebanchi bakhar from his pocket. This is nothing but the notes he had prepared for his lecture where imagined the fate of the battle to be otherwise. The bullet hitting Viswas rao was the catastrophic incident in the battle. The present state of affairs has been reached because of such catastrophic incidents in history. We can apply this theory to any other battle or historical incident and see how history takes a different course.

Lack of determinism in Quantum theory: The behaviour of electrons orbiting the nucleus in an atom cannot be predicted. There are different states of energy-higher and lower. It can make a jump from high to low energy level and send out a pulse of radiation or a pulse of radiation can knock it out of state no.2 to state no.1. These states can apply to the world too. The transitions are common in microscopic systems. If it happened on a macroscopic level, it could be an interesting food for thought.

Professor Gaitonde made a transition from the world we live in to a parallel world. One world has the history we know, the other a different history. He neither travelled to the past nor to the future. He was in the present but experiencing a different world. At the time of the collision with the truck, he was thinking about the catastrophe theory and its implications in war. He was probably wondering about the battle of Panipat. Perhaps the neurons in his brain acted as a trigger. Like the electron jumping from one state to another, he made a jump from this world to the parallel world. Any catastrophic situation will provide various alternatives for us to proceed. But only one can be accepted by us at one time as we live in a unique world with a unique history. But why did he make such a transition? An interaction is must for any such transition. The collision and the thoughts at that moment brought it about.

The incident at Azad Maidan is just to show how meetings can be arranged without a chairman unlike in the real world.

The Adventure Summary in Hindi

(Translated by Google)

प्रोफेसर गैतोंडे: प्रोफेसर गेटोंडे, एक इतिहासकार पानीपत की तीसरी लड़ाई में तबाही सिद्धांत के निहितार्थ पर एक व्याख्यान देने जा रहे हैं। रास्ते में उसकी कार एक ट्रक से टकरा जाती है और वह कोमा में चला जाता है। अपनी अचेतन अवस्था में, वह एक और दुनिया का अनुभव करता है जहां इतिहास वास्तविक दुनिया में हम कैसे जानते हैं से अलग है। पानीपत की तीसरी लड़ाई में, अफ़गानों ने मराठों को हराकर उनके नेता विश्वास राव की हत्या कर दी। लेकिन समानांतर दुनिया में, मराठा युद्ध जीतते हैं क्योंकि विश्वास राव गोली से संकीर्ण रूप से बच जाते हैं। मराठों की जीत से देश में विविध परिवर्तन और सुधार हुए। वह चेतना हासिल करता है और उसका दोस्त राजेंद्र देशपांडे दो वैज्ञानिक सिद्धांतों के आधार पर अपने अजीब अनुभव को तर्कसंगत बनाता है। प्रलय सिद्धांत और क्वांटम सिद्धांत में नियतांक की कमी।

समानांतर दुनिया: प्रोफेसर गायतोंडे पुणे से बॉम्बे जाने वाले हैं। यह पूर्व-स्वतंत्र बॉम्बे है जहां वह एंग्लो-इंडियन और यूनियन जैक पाता है। वह एक पुस्तकालय में जाता है और अशोक की अवधि से लेकर पानीपत की तीसरी लड़ाई तक के इतिहास के चार खंड पढ़ता है। पुस्तक का पांचवां खंड (भाऊसाहेबची बखर) एक अलग कहानी कहता है जहां पानीपत की तीसरी लड़ाई में मराठों ने अफगानों के खिलाफ युद्ध जीता था। उनकी जीत के बाद भारत लोकतंत्र की ओर बढ़ा। बिल्कुल नहीं, वह अपनी जेब में किताब की एक प्रति के रूप में टक। वह आजाद मैदान पहुंचता है, जहां एक व्याख्यान चल रहा है। बैठक के लिए अध्यक्ष की अनुपस्थिति इसे अजीब बनाती है लेकिन भीड़ नहीं चाहती है कि प्रोफेसर विरोध करें। वह मंच पर जाता है, माइक छीनता है और बोलना शुरू करता है। भीड़ उस पर अंडे और टमाटर दिखाती है और अंत में उसे बाहर फेंक देती है। वह भीड़ में खो जाता है। यह वह जगह है जहाँ प्रोफेसर का अजीब अनुभव समाप्त होता है। इसके बाद हम उसे वास्तविक दुनिया में अपने दोस्त राजेंद्र से बात करते हुए पाते हैं।

राजेंद्र की व्याख्या: राजेंद्र दो वैज्ञानिक सिद्धांतों के आधार पर प्रोफेसर के विचित्र अनुभव की व्याख्या करते हैं। प्रलय सिद्धांत और क्वांटम सिद्धांत में नियतांक की कमी। तबाही सिद्धांत कहता है कि परिस्थिति में एक छोटा सा बदलाव व्यवहार में अचानक बदलाव ला सकता है। अगर हम पानीपत की लड़ाई के लिए इस सिद्धांत को लागू करते हैं, तो हम पा सकते हैं कि एक महत्वपूर्ण क्षण था जब मराठों ने अपने नेताओं-विश्व राव और भाऊसाहेब दोनों को खो दिया था। इसलिए, मराठा अपना मनोबल खो बैठे और लड़ाई हार गए। लेकिन समानांतर दुनिया में प्रो। गायतोंडे ने विश्वास राव और मराठों को गोली से गायब देखा। एक महत्वपूर्ण घटना अन्य तरीके से चली गई है जो इतिहास के पाठ्यक्रम को बदल सकती है (नेता को गोली / लापता / मारना)। प्रोफेसर ने अपनी जेब से भाऊसाहेबनी बखर का फटा हुआ पेज तैयार किया। यह और कुछ नहीं बल्कि उन्होंने अपने व्याख्यान के लिए तैयार किए गए नोट्स थे जहां लड़ाई के भाग्य की कल्पना की थी अन्यथा। विश्ववास राओ को मारने वाली गोली लड़ाई में भयावह घटना थी। इतिहास में इस तरह की भयावह घटनाओं के कारण मामलों की वर्तमान स्थिति पहुंच गई है। हम इस सिद्धांत को किसी अन्य लड़ाई या ऐतिहासिक घटना पर लागू कर सकते हैं और यह देख सकते हैं कि इतिहास एक अलग पाठ्यक्रम कैसे लेता है।

क्वांटम सिद्धांत में नियतांक की कमी: परमाणु में नाभिक की परिक्रमा करने वाले इलेक्ट्रॉनों के व्यवहार का अनुमान नहीं लगाया जा सकता है। ऊर्जा की विभिन्न अवस्थाएँ हैं-उच्च और निम्न। यह उच्च से निम्न ऊर्जा स्तर पर छलांग लगा सकता है और विकिरण की एक नाड़ी भेज सकता है या विकिरण की एक नाड़ी इसे राज्य नंबर 2 से राज्य नंबर 1 तक दस्तक दे सकती है। ये राज्य दुनिया के लिए भी लागू हो सकते हैं। सूक्ष्म प्रणालियों में संक्रमण आम हैं। अगर यह एक मैक्रोस्कोपिक स्तर पर हुआ, तो यह विचार के लिए एक दिलचस्प भोजन हो सकता है।

प्रोफ़ेसर गायतोंडे ने उस दुनिया से एक बदलाव किया जिसे हम एक समानांतर दुनिया में रहते हैं। एक दुनिया का इतिहास है जिसे हम जानते हैं, दूसरा एक अलग इतिहास है। उन्होंने न तो अतीत की और न ही भविष्य की यात्रा की। वह वर्तमान में था लेकिन एक अलग दुनिया का अनुभव कर रहा था। ट्रक से टकराने के समय, वह तबाही के सिद्धांत और युद्ध में इसके निहितार्थ के बारे में सोच रहा था। वह शायद पानीपत की लड़ाई के बारे में सोच रहा था। शायद उसके दिमाग में न्यूरॉन्स ने ट्रिगर का काम किया। एक राज्य से दूसरे राज्य में छलांग लगाने वाले इलेक्ट्रॉन की तरह, उन्होंने इस दुनिया से समानांतर दुनिया में छलांग लगाई। कोई भी भयावह स्थिति हमें आगे बढ़ने के लिए विभिन्न विकल्प प्रदान करेगी। लेकिन केवल एक समय में हमारे द्वारा स्वीकार किया जा सकता है क्योंकि हम एक अद्वितीय इतिहास के साथ एक अनोखी दुनिया में रहते हैं। लेकिन उसने ऐसा परिवर्तन क्यों किया? इस तरह के किसी भी संक्रमण के लिए एक बातचीत होनी चाहिए। टकराव और उस पल के विचारों के बारे में इसे लाया।

आजाद मैदान में यह घटना सिर्फ यह दिखाने के लिए है कि वास्तविक दुनिया के विपरीत बैठकों का आयोजन कैसे किया जा सकता है।

The Adventure Texual Questions

1. Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.

Blow-by-blow account: detailed account. In the text “The Adventure” this expression occurs in the context of Gangadharpant trying to understand the outcome of the Battle of Panipat by reading a book on the topic.

Morale booster: anything that serves to increase morale or confidence. The expression occurs in the text ‘Adventure’ where it is told that the Marathas emerged victorious in the Battle of Panipat which increased their morale or confidence in establishing their supremacy all over the country.

Relegated to: assigned to a lower rank or position. In the text it is said how Dadasaheb, a Maratha Chieftain was assigned to a lower rank after the Battle of Panipat.

Political acumen: political shrewdness with keen insight. In the text ‘The Adventure’ the expression is used to convey how Madhavrao and Vishwasrao because of their shrewdness could expand their influence all over India.

De facto: existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not. In the text ‘Adventure’ the Peshwas are regarded as de facto rulers as they kept the Mughal regime alive in Delhi.

Astute: marked by practical hardheaded intelligence. In the text “The Adventure” this word is used to convey that the Peshwas were very intelligent to recognise the importance of technological age dawning in Europe.

Doctored accounts: manipulation of accounts. This expression conveys that the Bakhars were not providing historical facts but manipulated account of history.

Give vent to: to express one’s feelings and ideas. Professor Gaitonde expressed his ideas in the public lecture on the Battle of Panipat.

2. Tick the statements that are true.

1. The story is an account of real events. (False) 2. The story hinges on a particular historical event. (True) 3. Rajendra Deshpande was a historian. (False) 4. The places mentioned in the story are all imaginary. (False) 5. The story tries to relate history to science. (True)

3. Briefly explain the following statements from the text.

(a) “You neither travelled to the past nor the future. You were in the present experiencing a different world.”

Ans. This statement was said by Rajendra to Professor Gaitonde. He made a transition from one world to another and back again. By making a transition, he was able to experience two worlds although one at a time. He neither travelled to the past nor to the future. He was in the present but experiencing a different world.

(b) “You have passed through a fantastic experience: or more correctly, a catastrophic experience.”

Ans. This statement was made by Rajendra to Prof. Gaitonde in the text The Adventure by Jayant Vishnu Narlikar. Gangadhar had passed through a strange experience. He had the experience of living in two world, one he lived in now and other where he had spent two days.

Ans. Gangadharpant knew India which had seen the decline of Peshwas and experienced the slavery of the British. But the India he had seen in two days was completely different. It had not been subjected to slavery for the Whiteman. It was self-dependent and enjoyed self-respect. He compared the two countries the one that he knew already and other that he was witnessing around him. Both had different histories.

(d) “The lack of determinism in quantum theory!”

Ans. Professor Gaitonde had decided to go to a big library at Bombay and browse through history books. Then he would find out how the present state of affairs was reached. On his return to Pune, he would have a long talk with Rajendra Deshpande. He hoped that Rajendra would help him understand what had happened.

(e) “You need some interaction to cause a transition.”

Ans. This Bombay was under the British Raj. An Anglo-Indian in uniform checked permits. Each of the blue carriages of GBMR had the tiny Union Jack painted on it. The Victoria Terminus station looked very neat and clean. The staff was mostly of Anglo-Indians and Parsee along with a handful of British Officers.

Q4. Discuss the following statements in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.

(a) A single event may change the course of the history of a nation.

Ans. (In the favour): A single event may change the course of the history of a nation. The battle of Panipat for example is said to be the turning point in the history of India. In the Battle of Panipat, the Marathas gave in to the forces of Ahmed Shah Abdali. After this event the history of India took another turn. Gradually, the country was was overtaken by the foreign forces. In the story The Adventure it is mentioned how in the beginning Prof. Gaitonde was preparing a speech on what course the history would have taken if the Marathas had won the Battle of Panipat. This shows the importance of a single event in the history of a nation.

(Against): The motion that a single event may change the course of the history of a nation is a matter of perspective only. It is a relative truth. If we apply the catastrophic theory in understanding history then we will find that there may be alternative outcomes of a single event so that we cannot proclaim that any one course of event is the reality. Since there may be alternative courses of history so debating on a single course is not fruitful. In the story the Adventure due to catastrophic phenomenon the Battle of Panipat is revealed in a different version to Prof Gaitonde. According to this version, the Marathas emerged victorious in the Battle of Panipat. After the event the Marathas extended influence over the entire country. India never fell to the alien forces. So, to argue that a single course of event may change the course of history is not tenable. There may be alternative effects following an event.

(b) Reality is what is directly experienced through the senses.

Ans. (In the favour): Our senses, that is the senses of touch, sight, taste and hearing and smell provide us facts about the world we live in. Knowledge from experience come through these senses. The reality is what we directly experience through these senses. No other reality exists which is not revealed to the senses.

(Against): Reality is not what is directly revealed to the senses. We cannot experience so many entities like atoms and molecules but these are real. We cannot even predict the behaviour of these entities accurately. This point is mooted by Rajendra in the story Adventure when he points to the discoveries made by the physicists regarding the behaviour of the atoms. We can predict the position of a bullet fired in a particular direction from a gun but we cannot predict the position of an electron fired from a source. This proves that reality is not what is directly revealed to the senses, there can be alternative realities existing side by side.

Ans. (In the favour): The methods of inquiry of History, Science and Philosophy are similar. In the story The Adventure one can find the perspectives of History, Philosophy and Science converging towards a focal point. History employs the methods of observation, analysis and rationalism in understanding the course of past events. Science is based on observation, experimentation and analysis. Rationalism is the most fundamental principle that Science follows. Philosophy is thoroughly critical in methodology. Philosophy examines everything including the assumptions and methodology of science and other disciplines like History. In the story The Adventure History, Science and Philosophy converge. Prof. Gaitonde experienced an altogether different version of the outcome of the Battle of Panipat. Contrary to the version as provided in History textbooks, the Marathas emerged as victorious in this battle. Prof. Gaitonde tried to understand this rationally but he failed to get any clue. In this context, Rajendra intervened to explain this phenomenon in the light of the Catastrophic theory which is being employed by Physicists in understanding the behaviour of atoms. Here we find Science and History converging. The similar perspective is seen in Philosophy that truth is relative and not absolute. In fact, the philosophical movement of post Modernism is based on this. In other words, the methods of inquiry of History, Science and Philosophy are similar.

(Against): It is a misnomer that the methods of inquiry of History, Science and Philosophy are similar. The similarity is at superficial level and not at the core. In the story The Adventure Rajendra tried to rationalise the experience of Prof Gaitonde by applying the Catastrophic theory. But this explanation is not convincing though it convinced the professor. Catastrophic theory can best explain phenomenon of the physical world but History deals with behavioural world. It is concerned with the behaviour of society and individuals. The methods of inquiry will also vary accordingly.

The method of inquiry of Philosophy is speculative. Philosophy even questions rationalism. Philosophy is highly critical of the methods of Science and History. In other words, the methods of History, Science and Philosophy are not similar. The story The Adventure by Jayant Vishnu Narlikar is, in fact, a science fiction which is trying to show the convergence of Science History and Philosophy. In reality the three disciplines, namely, Science, History and Philosophy have to employ different methodology of inquiry vis-a-vis the subject matter.

Q5. Why do you think Professor Gaitonde decided never to preside over meetings again?

Ans. Professor Gaitonde was experiencing a different version of the Battle of Panipat. According to this version, the Marathas emerged victorious in the Battle and started extending influence over the entire country. His mind was actually witnessing a different version of the historical reality. Interestingly, he was also witnessing an event that was not conforming to the conventions. The event was a lecture session on the outcomes of the Battle of Panipat. In this lecture session Prof. Gaitonde observed that the chair of the President was vacant. This again was contrary to the conventions. Prof. Gaitonde rushed to occupy the chair and started explaining the need of a President in a lecture session like this. The public got angry on this point and started throwing objects on him. He had a harrowing experience. This led him to decide not to preside over meetings again.

The Adventure (Full Story) By Jayant Narlikar Source: archive.org

Date: July 19, 1986. Time: 7.36 p.m. That was when it happened.

At that precise moment of time, Professor Gangadharpant Gaitonde collided with a truck and apparently vanished into thin air. But let us begin the story at the beginning.

Professor Gaitonde was an eminent historian and a leading public figure of Pune. This introduction is for those who never read his massive tomes on Indian history, or who somehow missed attending a public function chaired by him. For, Gangadharpant was much in demand for presiding over public functions. Indeed, at the time the story begins, he had just completed presiding over a seminar and with his meticulous records he knew that this was his 999th occasion for presiding at a function.

Lest the figure 999 at the age of 55 appears large, the arithmetic behind it is simple. If you preside over a public meeting once a week, it will take you less than two decades to cross the 999-mark. Gangadharpant, of course, knew this.

In his mid-30s, he was already well-established in Pune, that citadel of orators, as a top public speaker. He was showered with invitations to preside. First he was hesitant and choosy, but soon he began to relish the job. Whether it was to release a book or to speak at a college day or to celebrate some jubilee of some organisation or to felicitate a person on his sixtieth birthday, or to preside over a seminar not necessarily connected with history, Professor Gaitonde was readily available. However, he had long decided that his thousandth appearance on the platform would be for history, his favourite subject. That occasion was to come two weeks hence at a seminar devoted to the Third Battle of Panipat.

But it is the 999th appearance that concerns us here. This occasion was a seminar in the mathematics department of Poona University – a seminar on Catastrophe Theory. How is it, you may ask, that a professor of history should be presiding at a mathematics seminar?

It came about this way. The professor of mathematics, an eminent person in his own field, was a man of mercurial temperament. “Catastrophe is not mathematics; I will have nothing to do with it,” he declared when the idea of a seminar was mooted. “Get Gandgadharpant to preside over your jamboree; he will jump at the chance,” he advised in jest.

His mathematics colleagues, for reasons best known to them (or was it departmental politics?) took up the advice: Gangadharpant accepted their invitation, but only after, finding out from them what the catastrophe theory was all about.

“You have heard of Newton, of course?” asked young Rajendra Deshpande, a research fellow who was an expert on the catastrophe theory.

“Who hasn’t?” Gangadharpant said cautiously.

“Newton introduced the laws of motion. You need to apply force to change the state of motion of a body. If you apply less force the change is less: if you apply more, the change is greater,” Rajendra explained.

“I understand that.”

“Newton started a new way of thinking in science – the relationship between causes and effects. The mathematical machinery he set up was geared to describing this relationship – provided …

“Provided, what?” asked Gangadharpant.

“Provided causes and effects act in a continuous manner. But not all phenomena that we observe are continuous. There can be sudden abrupt changes in a situation.”

“Like what?”

“Well, take a dogfight. Two dogs are at it for a while and then, suddenly, one decides that enough is enough and runs away. There is a battle in his mind between aggressive tendencies and fear: the latter suddenly becomes overwhelming. How do you describe this situation mathematically?” Rajendra posed a counter-question.

“I did not think maths handled such situations,” Gangadharpant answered meekly.

“Newtonian maths doesn’t. That is where catastrophe theory comes in. It models real life situations involving sudden, dramatic changes. Like: a cricket side collapses all of a sudden, a mob gets out of control and runs amuck, share prices crash down unexpectedly, something happens to turn the tide in a battle…”

“Battles! Now you interest me. It has always been a hobby of mine to speculate what would have happened if some crucial battles had ended differently.” Professor Gaitonde’s eyes lit up. He now wanted to know more about catastrophe theory.

Rajendra gave him some articles to read. He had enjoyed the seminar and as he made his way back home he was thinking about how history is shaped, how it experiences turns. Having finished his 999th function he was already looking forward to the thousandth occasion, when he would be chairing the Panipat seminar. The Third Battle of Panipat, what if …

“Baju, hato! – can’t you see where you are going?”

The warning from the cleaner was drowned in the still louder noise of the truck’s horn. But it was too late. The truck driver attempted a last-minute swerve but could not avoid a glancing blow.

The truck screeched to a halt. The driver and the cleaner jumped out. They had a momentary glimpse of the professor before the collision – enough to tell them the victim was a man of some importance. For, Professor Gaitonde always made it a practice to wear jodhpurs on the occasions when he had to chair a meeting. The driver and the cleaner searched thoroughly. But they could not locate the professor either below the truck or on the sides. He had simply vanished into thin air.

The road was empty. The driver and the cleaner had but one thought in mind – to make themselves scarce from this weird scene.

Sixty hours after this event, Professor Gaitonde reappeared in Bombay’s Azad Maidan. Passers-by had gathered around him, wondering what a man of distinguished appearance was doing, lying on the grass with torn clothes and empty pockets. As the noise woke him up, Gangadharpant found a police constable facing him.

“Sir, who are you? How come you have been sleeping here in the open? Did someone attack you?” The constable asked politely.

“Eh? Yes, of course! I am Professor Gaitonde from Pune. But where am I? How did I get here? I can’t remember a thing, constable,” Gangadharpant replied.

“I know, Havaldar sahib! This gentleman is the history professor who suddenly disappeared three days back,” someone in the crowd volunteered the information.

Three days! What had he done in those three days? As he made his way to the police station, Professor Gaitonde racked his brains to find the answer that kept eluding him. But he managed to remember that his son Vinay worked in a Bombay firm.

Vinay Gaitonde was contacted. He duly came and identified his father and took him home. A doctor examined him and found him essentially unharmed, except for a few bruises whose cause the professor could not remember. A famous Bombay psychiatrist probed his mind and found it blank for those 60 hours.

Professor Gaitonde, who prided himself on his extraordinary memory – he could rattle off historic dates and details at will – found this extremely disconcerting. How could he forget everything that happened to him in those 60 hours? He must somehow find the answer. Was it to be found here in Bombay?

But Pune was beckoning him. No, he had not forgotten the next seminar he had to preside over – his thousandth. Against Vinay’s entreaties to stay on in Bombay. Gangadharpant booked a seat on the Deccan Queen the next afternoon.

As the train stopped at Karjat, he could not resist the famous batata vadas: to pay the hawker he put his hand in the inner pocket of his jodhpurs, now mended by his daughter-in-law, and took out his wallet. As he put it back in the pocket, his hand felt a piece of paper behind the lining … yes, there was a hole there. Gently, he extracted the paper. It was the torn page of an old book.

Gangadharpant found the page strangely familiar. Where had he seen it last? As he read the Marathi text on it, his eyes lit up. In a flash he had regained his memory.

“Nobody will believe my story” he muttered to himself, “but what about this paper that brought my memory back? Will they believe it? Is it factual history or fiction?”

As the train neared the Shivajinagar station, Professor Gaitonde made two resolutions. The first was to see Rajendra Deshpande. Only Rajendra, he felt, could elucidate this mystery.

Professor Gaitonde’s second resolution was even more momentous. He decided that henceforth he would not chair any function ever, including Panipat seminar. What lay behind this historic decision?

It is better to give a third person account of what Gangadharpant told Rajendra Deshpande – for the professor was apt to digress a lot in tangential directions while telling a story.

_______________________

Gangadharpant had lost consciousness when the truck struck him a glancing blow. When he came to, he found himself on a comfortable hospital bed. Beside him stood a nurse clad in a white sari and a doctor with a stethoscope around his neck. The latter spoke, with a smile, in Marathi.

“Sir, I waited since you showed signs of regaining consciousness. You seem okay now. But have some rest: I will return in a couple of hours with a few questions.”

“Doctor, I am feeling fine, if a bit shaken. But go ahead with your questions right now. Rather, I will ask you some, if I may. Where am I?”

“A question straight from Hindi fillums: ‘Mai kahan hun?” the doctor said mischievously. “You are in Pune, in the Vishwasrao Peshve Hospital.”

Gangadharpant was puzzled. He knew all the leading hospitals in Pune; indeed he had presided over the foundation stone-laying or inauguration ceremonies of quite a few of the recent ones. But this name was new to him.

“Where is this hospital?” he asked.

“Why, on the Vishwasrao Peshve Marg. Both the road and the hospital are at least a hundred years old. It is hard to say whether the road got its name from the hospital or vice versa. It is the classic chicken and egg problem. Ha, ha, ha!” the doctor said jokingly.

Professor Gaitonde had never heard of this road either. Seeing his puzzled face, the doctor continued, “Let me ask a question. You were found in the Ganeshkhind forest. How on earth did you manage to get there? Had it not been for some passing hikers who saw you…”

“Forest? I had not been to any forest! I now recall that I was walking along the Senapati Bapat Marg…” Gangadharpant was recovering his memory now.

“Bapat Marg? Never heard of it!” the nurse exclaimed, surprised. But the doctor signalled her to be quiet and continued with his questions. “Sir, your name, address and occupation, please?”

“I am Gangadharpant Gaitonde, historian and professor – may I ask if you are new to Pune?” The fact that the doctor had not recognised him, a leading public figure of the city, had led Gangadharpant to ask this question. The reply disconcerted him.

“Of course not! I am a real Puneman. I belong to Sadashiv Peth and have lived there all my life except for five years when I had gone abroad, to the UK. But enough about me. Where do you stay, sir?”

“Varun Housing Society, behind Fergusson College,” Professor Gaitonde replied.

“Then you are really from Bombay.”

“How come? You should know that Fergusson College is in Pune – it is a landmark of Pune.” The professor was getting impatient.

The nurse wanted to say something but was again signalled to be silent. The doctor drew her to the side. They had a whispered conversation, obviously not meant for the patient’s ears. Still, Gangadharpant heard suggestive words like ‘don’t argue’, ‘mental relapse’, etc. Finally, the nurse left and the doctor came back.

“Let me confess, professor, I found your subject – history – rather tedious. I was overwhelmed by those minute details in the regimes of those 17 Peshwas and 20 Mughal emperors. I could never remember dates of battle and terms of treaties.”

Seventeen peshwas? Twenty Mughal emperors? This fellow is really weak in his history, thought Gangadharpant. Still, he thought it wise not to argue. Nevertheless, he simply had to get clarification on one point. He posed his question.

“Would you please tell me today’s date?”

“Today is Ashadh shukla chaturdashi, Shaka 1908. If you need the date in Bombay, it is July 20, 1986.

Again, the reply was puzzling. Why two calendars, one for Pune and another for Bombay? Was the doctor pulling a fast one on him by quoting a date from the Hindu calendar because he was a historian? But his face appeared quite natural, with no trace of mischief.

And the date was correct. One night had elapsed since his accident.

Next morning, the doctor turned up at seven. He had forbidden Professor Gaitonde any reading. So he had no alternative but to relax and contemplate. But no amount of thinking could make any sense of the statements the doctor had made. Whatever had happened to the Pune he knew so well?

The doctor was in a jovial mood and rattled off half-a-dozen jokes as he conducted a thorough medical examination of the professor. Finally, he gave the verdict: “You are fine now, professor. But you should be thankful that you were discovered not long after your accident. Or you would have become a part of history yourself! Ha, ha ha!”

Professor Gaitonde was relieved and was contemplating his next move when the doctor remarked, “I am now going home after night-duty – can I drop you somewhere?”

Gangadharpant thanked him. As he changed from the hospital uniform to his suit he prepared himself mentally to face a few more jokes.

On his way out of the hospital he looked around. Things did not look quite right. The different medical sections, nurses and ward boys, operation theatre, were all there but seemed somewhat different from what he had seen of hospitals elsewhere. The notices were in Hindustani, Marathi and English. Yes, Hindustani, with a fair mixture of Urdu and not the sanskritised Hindi that had evolved since Independence.

Professor Gaitonde was wondering about it all when the doctor pulled up in his car in the porch. The car model looked roomy but different.

“What is this model called?”

“Chakravarti. Why, this is the most common model to be had.” The doctor seemed surprised at the question; and then continued, “Now that we are no longer doctor and patient, let me introduce myself; I am Arvind Modak. I stay near Swargate.”

Swargate! Gangadharpant was relieved to hear of a landmark of the city he thought he knew so well. He felt confident to carry the conversation further.

“Does the ST stand bother you?” he asked. “What is an ST stand?” Dr Modak obviously had not heard of it. The momentary surge of confidence left Gangadharpant. He was totally unsure of Modak’s response as he clarified, “ST stands for state transport buses. The buses run by the state of Maharashtra – don’t they ply out of the terminus of Swargate?”

“There are long-distance buses; but they are run by private companies, not by the government and they run from the railway station.” Dr Modak had by now reconciled himself to some metal aberrations in his distinguished senior companion. Making a mental note to recommend him to see a psychiatrist, he decided to humour him for a while. So he continued, “Swargate is one of the main gates of the old city and by tradition it still has a mounted guard. But Professor Gaitonde, where can I drop you?”

The vague thought circulating in the professor’s mind suddenly focused themselves. By some strange quirk of fate his accident had apparently changed the environment around him. The date and place had not changed but the city of Pune and its inhabitants had. Perhaps the change extended beyond Pune to the whole of India – he had to find out. The researcher in him took over. If Swargate had survived from the old historic days of the peshwas, what about other landmarks of the old city? As it was, he could not identify his present location.

“Dr Modak, I am still confused about where we are. But I can guide you to my house from Shanivar-Wada. Can you take me there please?

He half feared a question: “What is Shanivar-Wada?” But Dr Modak apparently knew where it was, for he turned the car right at the next traffic junction. Gangadharpant was relieved that at least some things had not changed.

“You know, Professor Gaitonde, I think I owe you an apology for my flippant remarks yesterday, on your subject,” the doctor said. “But let me give you the background. In high school we had to face the series of history books written by your name-sake. I think we had four volumes of intricate detail to go through and were genuinely relieved that the author’s untimely death spared us the fifth and final volume.”

Dr Gaitonde suppressed a start. He himself had written a five-volume Concise History of India. But the author of the books Dr Modak mentioned, was dead. Still, to make sure he asked, “Do you recall the name of the series?”

“That is the only thing I still remember from that history course. It was called Concise History of India. Apparently, the author had also written an ‘extended’ history and we boys used to shudder at the thought of what it might contain.”

There was no doubt anymore! Gangadharpant himself had written the extended version. But, apparently, he was dead –

“I am sorry if I have been tactless again. I hope the author was no relation of yours,” the doctor continued.

“No. No relation,” replied Gangadharpant, satisfying himself about the veracity of his answer on the grounds that he could not claim to be his own relation. Had he misheard the date by any chance? Had he travelled 25 to 30 years in the future? He asked Dr Modak for the date.

Dr Modak looked at his watch and replied, “Ashadh purnima, Shaka 1908.”

So, he was in the present and still nothing made sense.

Suddenly the streets seemed familiar. Professor Gaitonde realised that they were approaching Shanivar Wada from the north, from the Delhi Darwajah.

“Why, there are guardsmen at the gate in old uniform! Are they rehearsing a play?” Gangadharpant spoke out.

“No. These are the usual daily guard. They are changed at regular intervals, just like the guard at Buckingham Palace.”

In spite of his resolve not to be shocked at anything he would see, Professor Gaitonde was not prepared for the sight facing him as Dr Modak turned into a well-kept car-park.

As he faced the Delhi Gate, he saw not just the ramparts of the palace but also the buildings inside. The Shanivar-Wada stood before him in all its glory, reminiscent of the times of Bajirao I, who built it.

Dr Modak waited patiently, seeing that his companion was evidently under great mental stress. Still, we must record, to the credit of Professor Gaitonde, that within a couple of minutes he was back to normal as he read the notice at the main gate, again in Marathi, Hidustani and English:

This historic palace of the peshwas is open to the general public from 1 p.m to 5 p.m. Entry Rupee 1. Children under 12 free.

– Vyankoji Naik Kotwal, Pune City

Shanivar-Wada! The centre from where the peshwas once controlled practically the whole of India. Gangadharpant had read a lot about this palace and from it ruins he had mentally reconstructed its appearance as it might have been at the height of its grandeur. But here he faced that monument as it was in reality. How would it match up to his imagination? He was dying to find out.

Unfortunately, it was still morning and the entry was barred. Reluctantly, he returned to the car and in response to the doctor’s query – “Where to next?” – began to guide him towards the Erandvane area.

But, alas! He soon lost the familiar landscape and where Fergusson College Road should have been, there was nothing but a jungle. Apparently whatever urban expansion of Pune had taken place, it had not come this way. Was the famous Fergusson College really not here but in Bombay? What happened to all those shops and housing colonies? The hills behind Fergusson College and Law College (the colleges were absent, of course) were devoid of any signs of habitation. More important, what happened to his house? Where should he go to now? It was no use enquiring. Wasn’t he himself dead officially?

Dr Modak was quietly watching the mental anguish of his companion. Whatever mental aberration had brought the professor to this god-forsaken area would give food for thought to a student of the mind. As a student of the body he was at a loss as to how to guide the bewildered professor.

But, soon, he found decisiveness replacing uncertainty on the face of his companion. Professor Gaitonde had recovered his poise. “Dr Modak, you may consider me absent-minded or mentally unsound. I don’t blame you. But the facts are otherwise.” The professor continued, “I don’t know if I am dreaming now or I was dreaming two days ago when I saw this area as a developed middle class suburb. My house was not too far from here. My friends lived here. They are all gone- apparently, they never existed… But I won’t gain anything by standing here speculating. I will go to Bombay. My son works there with a firm called Forbes & Campbell Company. Does that company exist?”

“It does. Its headquarters are in the Bombay Fort.” Dr Modak replied. “After the East India Company it is the oldest British firm in the subcontinent.”

“Then I will go to Bombay, to my son and start my probes there. I must get to the bottom of this mystery. How can I go to Bombay?”

“A good decision. Let me take you to the railway station. The fast Jijamata Express leaves in about an hour for Bombay. Do you have any money with you?”

Professor Gaitonde produced his wallet from which he took out fifteen 10-rupee notes.

“Where did you get these? They may be good for playing monopoly. Let us exchange them for real ones.” Dr Modak produced a wad of 10-rupee notes from his wallet.

These notes were quite different. They carried the picture of Kutub Minar and the inscription, ‘As treasurer of the Shahenshah of India I promise to pay the bearer of this note the sum of 10 rupees.’ The main inscription was not in English but in Hindustani.

At the railway station, Dr Modak took him first to an office which was simply labelled ‘Permits for Bombay’.

“You need a permit to go to that British outpost,” Dr Modak explained, seeing that his companion was puzzled. “They will give you one straightway if you don’t have one. The fee is Rs.10. Please fill up this form.”

Gangadharpant filled the form, giving his name, address (care of his son) and nationality as Indian. A photograph was quickly taken with a polaroid-type camera. A card containing his picture was handed to him: the photo was in colour and the card carried the particulars he had filled out. It was all done swiftly and efficiently, with the minimum of bureaucracy.

“Now for the ticket,” said Dr Modak, leading him to a special window for Bombay. The notice at the window read: Tickets issued only on production of permit’.

By the time Professor Gaitonde was seated in a first-class compartment, only 10 minutes were left for the departure of the train. He thanked Dr. Modak profusely for all his help and bade him goodbye.

The carriages of the Jijamata Express were saffron-colored from outside. The decor inside his carriage was far superior to that of the Deccan Queen chair car of modern times and reminded him more of the first class of the pre-Independence days. His fellow passengers included two whites and one bearded Muslim gentleman. The whites had buried their heads in newspapers.

The Muslim gentleman was preparing paan and offered one to Gangadharpant. Accepting it, he asked in Hindi, “Sir, where are you going?”

“To Peshawar, via Bombay,” Khan Sahib replied, producing the card. He ran an import-export business from Peshawar.

Gangadhar introduced himself and then asked somewhat diffidently, “How difficult is it to get a passport to go to Peshawar?”

Khan Sahib laughed, “That is a good one! Why should one need a passport to travel in one’s own country? I need the permit for Bombay.”

So Peshawar was in India but Bombay belonged to the British. And who was this Shahenshah of India? Why was Pune so changed? Was this an epoch in the past because the Shanivar-Wada was still in its full glory and the British had not left the subcontinent? Or did it belong to the future, considering the photograph contraption and this more modern train? But the date clearly pointed to the present. To make doubly sure, Gangadharpant glanced at the Bombay Times held up by the white man facing him.

The date on it confirmed that it was July 21, 1986.

_________________

Meanwhile, the Jijamata Express sped along the Pune-Bombay route considerably faster than the Deccan Queen. There were no industrial townships outside Pune. The first stop, Lonavala, came in 40 minutes. The ghat section that followed was no different from what he knew. The train stopped at Karjat only briefly and went on at even greater speed. It roared through Kalyan.

Meanwhile, the racing mind of Professor Gaitonde had arrived at a plan of action in Bombay. Indeed, as a historian he felt he should have thought of it sooner. He would go to a big library and browse through history books. That was the surest way of finding out how the present state of affairs was reached. He also planned eventually to return to Pune and have a long talk with Rajendra Deshpande, who would surely help him understand what had happened.

That is, assuming that in this world there existed someone called Rajendra Deshpande!

The train stopped beyond the long tunnel. It was a small station called Sarhad. An Anglo-Indian in uniform went through the train checking permits.

“This is where the British Raj begins. You are going for the first time, I presume?” Khan Sahib asked.

“Yes.” The reply was factually correct. Gangadharpant had not been to this Bombay before. He ventured a question. “And, Khan Sahib, how will you go to Peshwar?”

“This train goes to the Victoria Terminus. I will take the Frontier Mail tonight out of Bombay Central.”

“How far does it go? By what route?”

“Bombay to Delhi, then to Lahore and then Peshawar. A long journey. I will reach Peshawar the day after tomorrow.”

Thereafter, Khan Sahib spoke a lot about his business and Gangadharpant was a willing listener. For, in that way, he was able to get some flavour of life in this India that was so different.

The train now passed through the suburban rail traffic. The blue carriages carried the letters, GBMR, on the side.

“Greater Bombay Metropolitan Railway,” explained Khan Sahib. “See the tiny Union Jack painted on each carriage? A gentle reminder that we are in British territory.”

The train began to slow down beyond Dadar and stopped only at its destination, VT. The station looked remarkably neat and clean. The staff was mostly made up of Anglo Indians and Parsees along with a handful of British officers.

As he emerged from the station, Gangadharpant found himself facing an imposing building. The letters on it proclaimed its identity to those who did not know this Bombay landmark:

EAST INDIA HOUSE HEADQUARTERS OF

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY

Prepared as he was for many shocks, Professor Gaitonde had not expected this. The East India Company had been wound up shortly after the events of 1857 – at least, that is what history books said. So, history had taken a different turn, perhaps before 1857. How and when had it happened? He had to find out.

As he walked along Hornby Road, as it was called, he found a different set of shops and office buildings. The tower of OCS building did not peep above the shorter Victorian buildings. There was no Handloom House building either. Instead, there were Boots and Woolworth department stores, imposing offices of Lloyds, Barclays and other British banks, as in a typical high street of a town in England.

He turned right along Home Street and entered the Forbes building.

“I wish to meet Mr Vinay Gaitonde, please.” He said to the English receptionist.

She searched through the telephone list, the staff list and then through the directory of employees of all the branches of the firm. She shook her head and said, “I am afraid I can’t find anyone of that name either here or in any of our branches. Are you sure he works here?”

This was a blow, not totally unexpected. If he himself were dead in this world, what guarantee had he that his son would be alive? Indeed, he may not even have been born!

He thanked the girl politely and made his way out. It was characteristic of him not to worry about where he would stay. His main concern was to make his way to the library of the Asiatic Society to solve the riddle of history. Grabbing a quick lunch at a restaurant, he made his way to the Town Hall.

Yes, to his relief, the Town Hall was there, and it did house the library. He entered the reading room and asked for a list of history books including his own.

His five volumes duly arrived on his table. He started from the beginning. Volume one took the history upto the period of Ashoka, volume two upto Samudragupta, volume three upto Mohammad Ghori and volume four upto the death of Aurangzeb. Upto this period history was as he knew it. The change evidently had occurred in the last volume.

Reading volume five from both ends inwards, Gangadharpant finally converged on the precise moment where history had taken a different turn.

That page in the book described the battle of Panipat, and it mentioned that the Marathas won it handsomely. Abdali was routed and he was chased back to Kabul by the triumphant Maratha army led by Sadashivrao Bhau and his nephew, the young Vishwasrao.

The book did not go into a blow by blow account of the battle itself. Rather, it elaborated in detail its consequences for the power struggle in India. Gangadharpant read through the account avidly. The style of writing was unmistakably his, yet he was reading the account for the first time!

Their victory in the battle was not only a great morale booster to the Marathas but it also established their supremacy in northern India. The East India Company, which had been watching these developments from the sidelines, got the message and temporarily shelved its expansionist programme.

For the peshwas the immediate result was an increse in the influence of Bhausaheb and Vishwasrao who eventually succeeded his father in 1780 AD. The trouble-maker, Dadasaheb, was relegated to the background and he eventually retired from state politics.

To its dismay, the East India Company met its match in the new Maratha ruler, Vishwasrao. He and his brother, Madhavrao, combined political acumen with valour and systematically expanded their influence all over India. The Company was reduced to pockets of influence near Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, just like its European rivals, the Portuguese and the French.

For political reasons, the peshwas kept the puppet Mughal regime alive in Delhi. In the nineteenth century, these de facto rulers from Pune were astute enough to recognize the importance of the technological age dawning in Europe. They set up their own centres for science and technology. Here, the East India Company saw another opportunity to extend its influence. It offered aid and experts. They were accepted only to make the local centres self-reliant.

The twentieth country brought about further changes inspired by the West. India moved towards democracy. By then, the Peshwa had lost their enterprise and they were gradually replaced by democratically elected bodies. The sultanate at Delhi survived even this transition, largely because it wielded no real influence. The Shahenshah of Delhi was no more than a figurehead to rubber-stamp the ‘recommendations’ made by the central parliament.

As he read on, Gangadharpant began to appreciate the India he had seen. It was a country that had not been subjected to slavery to the white man; it had learnt to stand on its feet and knew what self-respect was. From a position of strength and for purely commercial reasons, it had allowed the British to retain Bombay as the sole outpost on the subcontinent. That lease was to expire in the year 2001, according to a treaty of 1908.

Gangadharpant could not help comparing the country he knew with what he was witnessing around him.

But, at the same time, he felt that his investigations were incomplete. How did the Marathas win the battle? To find the answer he must look for accounts of the battle itself.

He went through the books and journals before him. At last, among the books he found one that gave the clue. It was Bahusahebanchi Bakhar. Although he seldom relied on the Bakhars for historical evidence, he found them entertaining to read. Sometimes, buried in the graphic but doctored accounts, he could spot the germ of truth. He found one now in a three-line account of how close Vishwasrao had come to being killed:

“- And then Vishwasrao guided his horse to the melee where the elite troups were fighting, and he attacked. And God was merciful. A shot brushed past his ear. Even the difference of a til (sesame) would have led to his death.”

At eight o’clock the British librarian politely reminded the professor that the library was closing for the night. Gangadharpant emerged from his thoughts. Looking around he noticed that he was the only reader left in that magnificent hall.

“I beg your pardon, sir! May I request you to keep these books here for my use tomorrow morning? By the way, when do you open?”

“At eight o’clock, sir.” Then the librarian smiled. Here was a user and researcher right after his heart.

As the professor left the table he shoved some notes into his right pocket. Absent-mindedly, he also shoved the Bakhar into his left pocket.

______________________ He found a guest house to stay in and had a frugal meal. He then set out for a stroll towards the Azad Maidan.

In the maidan he found a throng moving towards a pandal. So, a lecture was to take place. Force of habit took Professor Gaitonde towards the pandal.

The lecture was in progress although the audience kept coming and going. But Professor Gaitonde was not looking at the audience. He was staring at the platform as if mesmerised. There was a table and a chair but the latter was unoccupied.

The presidential chair is unoccupied! The sight stirred him to the depths. Like a piece of iron attracted to a magnet, he swiftly moved towards the chair.

The speaker stopped in mid-sentence, too shocked to continue. But the audience soon found voice.

“Vacate the chair!”

“This lecture series has no chairperson…”

“Away from the platform, mister!”

“The chair is symbolic, don’t you know?”

What nonsense! Whoever heard of a public lecture without a presiding dignitary? Professor Gaitonde went to the mike and gave vent to his views. “Ladies and gentlemen, an unchaired lecture is like Shakespeare’s Hamlet without the Prince of Denmark. Let me tell you…”

But the audience was in no mood to listen. “Tell us nothing. We are sick of remarks from the chair, of the vote of thanks, of long introductions.”

“We only want to listen to the speaker…”

“We abolished the old customs long ago…”

“Keep the platform empty, please…”

But Gangadharpant had the experience of speaking at 999 meetings and had faced the Pune audience at its most hostile. He kept on talking.

He soon became a target for a shower of tomatoes, eggs, and other objects. But he kept on trying valiantly to correct this sacrilege. Finally, the audience swarmed to the stage to eject him bodily.

And amidst that mob, Gangadharpant was nowhere to be seen.

_____________________

“That is all I have to tell, Rajendra. All I know is that I was found in the Azad Maidan in the morning. But I was back in the world I am familiar with. Now, where exactly did I spend those two days when I was absent from here?”

Rajendra was dumbfounded by the narrative. It took him a while to reply.

“Professor, before, just prior to your collision with the truck, what were you doing?” Rajendra asked.

“I was thinking of the catastrophe theory and its implications for history.”

“Right! I thought so!” Rajendra smiled.

“Don’t smile smugly. In case you think that it was just my mind playing tricks and my imagination running amok, look at this.”

And, triumphantly, Professor Gaitonde produced his vital piece of evidence: a page torn out from a book.

Rajendra read the text on that printed page and his face underwent a change. Gone was the smile and in its place came a grave expression. He was visibly moved.

Gangadharpant pressed home his advantage. “I had inadvertently slipped the Bakhar in my pocket as I left the library. I discovered my error when I was paying for my meal. I had intended to return it the next morning. But it seems that in the melee of Azad Maidan, the book was lost; only this torn-off page remained. And luckily for me, the page contains vital evidence.”

Rajendra again read the page. It described how Vishwasrao narrowly missed the bullet; and how that event, taken as an omen by the Maratha army, turned the tide in their favour.

“Now look at this.” Gangadharpant produced his own copy of Bhausahebanchi Bakhar, opened at the relevant page. The account ran thus:

‘And then Vishwasrao guided his horse to the melee where the elite troops were fighting and he attacked. And God expressed His displeasure. He was hit by the bullet’.

“Professor Gaitonde, you have given me food for thought. Until I saw this material evidence, I had simply put your experience down to fantasy. But facts can be stranger than fantasies, as I am beginning to realise.”

“Facts? What are the facts? I am dying to know!” Professor Gaitonde said.

______________________

Rajendra motioned him to silence and started pacing the room, obviously under great mental strain. Finally, he turned around and said:

“Professor Gaitonde, I will try to rationalise your experience on the basis of two scientific theories as known today. Whether I succeed or not in convincing you of the facts, only you can judge – for you have indeed passed through a fantastic experience or, more correctly, a catastrophic experience!”

“Please continue, Rajendra! I am all ears,” Professor Gaitonde replied. Rajendra continued pacing as he talked.

“You have heard a lot about the catastrophe theory at that seminar. Let us apply it to the battle of Panipat. Wars fought face to face on open grounds offer excellent examples of this theory. The Maratha army was facing Abdali’s troops on the field of Panipat. There was no great disparity between the latter’s troops and the opposing forces. Their armour was comparable. So, a lot depended on the leadership and the morale of the troops. The juncture at which Vishwasrao, the son of an heir to the Peshwa, was killed proved to be the turning point. As history has it, his uncle, Bhausaheb, rushed into the melee and was never seen again. Whether he was killed in battle or survived is not known. But for the troops at that particular moment, that blow of losing their leaders was crucial. They lost their morale and fighting spirit. There followed an utter rout.”

“That was the turning point”, said Gangadharpant.

“Exactly, Professor! And what you have shown me on that torn page is the course taken by the battle when the bullet missed Vishwasrao. A crucial event gone the other way. And its effect on the troops was also the opposite. It boosted their morale and provided just that extra impetus that made all the difference.” Rajendra replied.

“Maybe so. Similar statements are made about the battle of Waterloo, which Napoleon could have won. But we live in a unique world which has a unique history. This idea of ‘it might have been’ is okay for the sake of speculation but not for reality.” Gangadharpant firmly replied.

“I join issue with you there. In fact, that brings me to my second point which you may find strange but please hear me out,” Rajendra replied.

Gangadharpant listened expectantly as Rajendra continued.

“What do you mean by reality? We experience it directly with our senses or indirectly via instruments. But is it limited to what we see? Does it have other manifestations?

“That reality may not be unique has been found from experiments on very small systems – of atoms and their constituent particles. When dealing with such systems the physicists discovered something startling. The behaviour of these systems cannot be predicted definitively even if all the physical laws governing those systems are known.

“Take an example. I fire an electron from a source. Where will it go? If I fire a bullet from a gun in a given direction at a given speed, I know where it will be at a later time. But I cannot make such an assertion for the electron. It may be here, there, anywhere. I can at best quote odds for it being found in a specified location at a specified time.”

“The lack of determinism in quantum theory! Even an ignoramous historian like me has heard of it,” Professor Gaitonde said.

“So, imagine the so-called many world pictures. In one world the electron is found here, in another, it is over there. In yet another, it is in a still different location. Once the observer finds where it is, we know which world we are talking about. But all those alternative worlds could exist just the same.” Rajendra paused to marshall his thoughts,

“But is there any contact between those many worlds?” Professor Gaitonde asked.

“Yes and no! Imagine two worlds, for example. In both, an electron is orbiting the nucleus of an atom…”

“Like planets around the sun…” Gangadharpant interjected.

“Not quite. We know the precise trajectory of the planet. The electron could be orbiting in any of a large number of specified states. These states may be used to identify the world. In state no.1, we have the electron in a state of higher energy. In state no. 2 it is in a state of lower energy. It can make a jump from high to low energy and send out a pulse of radiation. Or a pulse of radiation can knock it out of state no.2 into state no.1. Such transitions are common in microscopic systems. What if it happened on a macroscopic level?” Rajendra asked.

“I get you! You are suggesting that I made a transition from one world to another and back again?” Gangadharpant asked.

“Fantastic though it seems, this is the only explanation I can offer. My theory is that catastrophic situations offer radically different alternatives for the world to proceed. It seems that so far as reality is concerned all alternatives are viable but the observer can experience only one of them at a time.”

“By making a transition, you were able to experience two worlds although one at a time. The one you live in now and the one where you spent two days. One has the history we know, the other a different history. The separation or bifurcation took place at the battle of Panipat. You neither travelled to the past nor to the future. You were in the present but experiencing a different world. Of course, by the same token, there must be many more different worlds arising out of bifurcations at different points of time.”

As Rajendra concluded, Gangadharpant asked the question that was beginning to bother him most. “But why did I make the transition?”

“If I knew the answer I would have solved a great problem. Unfortunately, there are many unsolved questions in science and this is one of them. But that does not stop me from guessing.” Rajendra smiled and proceeded. “You need some interaction to cause a transition. Perhaps, at the time of the collision, you were thinking about the catastrophe theory and its role in wars. Maybe you were wondering about the battle of Panipat. Perhaps, the neurons in your brain acted as a trigger.”

“A good guess. I was indeed wondering what course history would have taken if the result of the battle had gone the other way.” Professor Gaitonde was musing. “That was going to be the topic of my thousandth presidential address.”

“Now you are in the happy position of recounting your real-life experience rather than just speculating.” Rajendra laughed at the idea. But Gangadharpant was grave.

“No, Rajendra, my thousandth address was made on the Azad Maidan when I was so rudely interrupted. No. The Professor Gaitonde who disappeared while defending his chair on the platform will now never be seen presiding at another meeting – I have conveyed my regrets to the organisers of the Panipat seminar.”

Albert Einstein at School – Snapshots -Class XI – English Core – NCERT
Ranga’s Marriage – Snapshot – Class XI – English Core – NCERT
The Address – Snapshots – Class XI – English Core – NCERT
The Summer of the Beautiful White horse – Snapshot – Class XI – English Core – NCERT
Class XI English – We’re not afraid to die…If we can be all together – Hornbill
Class XI English – The Portrait of a Lady – Hornbill
Class XI English – The Laburnum Top – Hornbill

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Travel and Tourism Exercise : Question Answers and Grammar

Share this article, travel and tourism, ways with words, a. find the words form the text which mean the following., b. find the meanings of the following words in an english dicitonary, write their word classes adn use them in your own sentences., a. hazy (adjective) :, b. frontier (noun) :, c. lush (adjective) :, d. flipflops (noun) :, e. altitude (noun) :, f. fatal (adjective) :, g. magnificent (adjective) :, c. make a list of the nepali words used in the text and write their english equivalents..

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Comprehension

Answer these questions., a. how did the author feel when she saw a colourful rooster in the western himalayas, b. how does she describe the houses on the trails of western nepal, c. what does she mean when she says "i walked towards a village15 kilometres further as the crow flies", d. describe the village thankur in brief., e. what happened when she reached jumla and how was she relieved, f. how does the author describe the bucket water in khali lagna, g. how was rara lake on the day she reached there, critical thinking, a. it is said that travelling a place equals to reading three books. do you agree why, b. the author spent five-week long walk along the western himalayas. do you think it was adventurous why, a. write a travelogue of your recent visit to a natural/religious place in about 300 words., b. write an essay in about 500 words on ‘importance of tourism in nepal’., b. complete these sentences using the verbs given in the brackets., c. change the following sentences into passive., a. i didn’t fix the problem., b. police protect the town., c. john’s mother raised him in a small town., d. someone painted the building last year., e. alexander fleming discovered penicillin in 1928., f. some students study grammar on the internet., g. someone had broken the window by 3:00 p.m., h. a strange man was watching us., i. tokyo will hold the olympics in 2020., j. we are working on the report right now., k. my manager has told him to arrive earlier., l. they could not have made the mistake., m. i hope they are going to hire me soon., n. i don’t like people staring at me., o. she likes people waving at her., p. who told you the story, q. is he repairing the bicycle, don't miss our nepali guide.

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What is a Travel/Place Essay?

A travel/place essay takes travel or a place as its point of origin. The essay is probably not simply about a place or a journey, but rather is about what one may discover about people or life on that journey or in that place.

People are often defined by the places they grow up in or choose to call home. There is something about landscape that is more than just sky and earth.

A travel essay needs to include some details of a journey, a vacation, a trip. But what else do you want to say. Would an essay about a family vacation to Disney World be interesting? If it is just like everyone else's family vacation to Disney World, then probably no. What is it about your topic that makes it not just a travel diary. A travel diary is simply a record of what you did each day.

A essay about place begins with an author's recognition that some aspect of a particular place is worth writing about. Most of us have special or meaningful places in our lives. But again, a essay about place goes beyond just describing the place.

PTE EXAM PREPARATION

PTE Academic Exam Practice Material

Travelling Essay

Read travelling essay in English language in 300 words. Know more about short essay on travelling in India for students of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Learn the importance of travelling essay or benefits of travelling essay.

Find out other types of essays or any college writing assistance on the bestessayservicesradar.com – leader on the USA market. You can also check different essay companies and discover new writing providers for your need.

Travelling Essay in 300 Words

Travelling plays an important part in making us feel relaxed and rejuvenated. It also brings positive changes in our life and keeps us alive and active. Travelling gives us practical experience of things we have studied in the books and surfed on the internet. So a person who does not travel at all does not find any meaning in the name of India Gate or Ganga River. However, if he has travelled to these places, he can truly relate everything he has studied and will always remember each and every detail of that place.

Nowadays, many people like travelling as they want to explore the world and watch everything they have read about. And this seems to be quite justified as practical knowledge is way more essential and effective than the theoretical one. People like to visit historical places present in different parts of the world and gather information on the same to write books and stories.

Travelling has become easier due to advancement in technology and transportation. Earlier people use to travel by road or sea and it takes many days to reach from one place to another, however, now the scenario has changed and people travel to far off places within hours and minutes-thanks to well-built roads and aeroplanes. People travel for different purposes, some travel for the sake of education while others travel to relax and enjoy. Many people take a break from their hectic schedule and go for a vacation, this makes them feel delightful and also help them to invigorate.

Many poets, writers, and painters travel to different places to capture some of the best things of nature and express them in the form of paintings or poems. People also travel for business purposes so as to expand and gain profit from their business. Students travel for educational purposes so everyone has a unique reason to travel. Therefore, travelling is an important part of human life and it instils knowledge and offers various benefits to mankind.

Value added by travel in education

Today more people are travelling than ever before

Trump Has Been Convicted. Here’s What Happens Next.

Donald J. Trump has promised to appeal, but he may face limits on his ability to travel and to vote as he campaigns for the White House.

Share full article

Donald J. Trump in a dark suit, red tie and white shirt.

By Jesse McKinley and Maggie Astor

May 30, 2024

The conviction of former President Donald J. Trump on Thursday is just the latest step in his legal odyssey in New York’s court system. The judge, Juan M. Merchan, set Mr. Trump’s sentencing for July 11, at which point he could be sentenced to as much as four years behind bars, or to probation.

It won’t stop him from running for president, though: There is no legal prohibition on felons doing that . No constitutional provision would stop him even from serving as president from a prison cell, though in practice that would trigger a crisis that courts would almost certainly have to resolve.

His ability to vote — for himself, presumably — depends on whether he is sentenced to prison. Florida, where he is registered, requires felons convicted there to complete their full sentence, including parole or probation, before regaining voting rights. But when Floridians are convicted in another state, Florida defers to the laws of that state, and New York disenfranchises felons only while they are in prison.

The Trump Manhattan Criminal Verdict, Count By Count

Former President Donald J. Trump faced 34 felony charges of falsifying business records, related to the reimbursement of hush money paid to the porn star Stormy Daniels in order to cover up a sex scandal around the 2016 presidential election.

“Because Florida recognizes voting rights restoration in the state of conviction, and because New York’s law states that those with a felony conviction do not lose their right to vote unless they are incarcerated during the election, then Trump will not lose his right to vote in this case unless he is in prison on Election Day,” said Blair Bowie, a lawyer at the Campaign Legal Center, a nonprofit watchdog group.

Mr. Trump will almost certainly appeal his conviction, after months of criticizing the case and attacking the Manhattan district attorney, who brought it, and Justice Merchan, who presided over his trial.

Long before that appeal is heard, however, Mr. Trump will be enmeshed in the gears of the criminal justice system.

A pre-sentencing report makes recommendations based on the defendant’s criminal record — Mr. Trump had none before this case — as well as his personal history and the crime itself. The former president was found guilty of falsifying business records in relation to a $130,000 payment to Stormy Daniels, a porn star who says she had a brief sexual tryst with Mr. Trump in 2006, in order to buy her silence.

At the pre-sentence interview, a psychologist or social worker working for the probation department may also talk to Mr. Trump, during which time the defendant can “try to make a good impression and explain why he or she deserves a lighter punishment,” according to the New York State Unified Court System.

The pre-sentencing report can also include submissions from the defense, and may describe whether “the defendant is in a counseling program or has a steady job.”

In Mr. Trump’s case, of course, he is applying — as it were — for a steady job as president of the United States, a campaign that may be complicated by his new status as a felon. Mr. Trump will likely be required to regularly report to a probation officer, and rules on travel could be imposed.

Mr. Trump was convicted of 34 Class E felonies, New York’s lowest level , each of which carry a potential penalty of up to four years in prison. Probation or home confinement are other possibilities that Justice Merchan can consider.

That said, Justice Merchan has indicated in the past that he takes white-collar crime seriously . If he did impose prison time, he would likely impose the punishment concurrently, meaning that Mr. Trump would serve time on each of the counts he was convicted of simultaneously.

If Mr. Trump were instead sentenced to probation, he could still be jailed if he were later found to have committed additional crimes. Mr. Trump, 77, currently faces three other criminal cases: two federal, dealing with his handling of classified documents and his efforts to overturn the 2020 election , and a state case in Georgia that concerns election interference.

Mr. Trump’s lawyers can file a notice of appeal after sentencing, scheduled for July 11 at 10 a.m. And the judge could stay any punishment during an appeal, something that could delay punishment beyond Election Day.

The proceedings will continue even if he wins: Because it’s a state case, not federal, Mr. Trump would have no power as president to pardon himself .

Jesse McKinley is a Times reporter covering upstate New York, courts and politics. More about Jesse McKinley

Maggie Astor covers politics for The New York Times, focusing on breaking news, policies, campaigns and how underrepresented or marginalized groups are affected by political systems. More about Maggie Astor

Our Coverage of the Trump Hush-Money Trial

Guilty Verdict : Donald Trump was convicted on all 34 counts of falsifying records to cover up a sex scandal that threatened his bid for the White House in 2016, making him the first American president to be declared a felon .

What Happens Next: Trump’s sentencing hearing on July 11 will trigger a long and winding appeals process , though he has few ways to overturn the decision .

Reactions: Trump’s conviction reverberated quickly across the country and around the world . Here’s what voters , New Yorkers , Republicans , Trump supporters and President Biden had to say.

The Presidential Race : The political fallout of Trump’s conviction is far from certain , but the verdict will test America’s traditions, legal institutions and ability to hold an election under historic partisan tension .

Making the Case: Over six weeks and the testimony of 20 witnesses, the Manhattan district attorney’s office wove a sprawling story of election interference and falsified business records.

Legal Luck Runs Out: The four criminal cases that threatened Trump’s freedom had been stumbling along, pleasing his advisers. Then his good fortune expired .

What was Trump found guilty of? See the 34 business records the jury decided he falsified

Donald Trump was found guilty of 34 felony counts of falsifying business records after prosecutors successfully convinced a jury he disguised hush money reimbursement as legal expenses. He is the first former president to be convicted of a crime.

Each count is tied to a different business record that prosecutors demonstrated Trump is responsible for changing to conceal or commit another crime .

Those records include 11 checks paid to former lawyer Michael Cohen , 11 invoices from Michael Cohen and 12 entries in Trump's ledgers.

The jury found that Trump authorized a plan to reimburse Cohen for the $130,000 hush money payment issued to Stormy Daniels and spread the payments across 12 months disguised as legal expenses.

Live updates: Former President Donald Trump found guilty on all counts in hush money case

Prep for the polls: See who is running for president and compare where they stand on key issues in our Voter Guide

Breakdown of 34 counts of falsifying business records

Here are the 34 business records Trump was found guilty of falsifying, as described in Judge Juan Merchan 's jury instructions :

Count 1: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Feb. 14, 2017
Count 2: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust dated Feb. 14, 2017
Count 3: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust dated Feb. 14, 2017
Count 4: A Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust Account check and check stub dated Feb. 14, 2017
Count 5: Michael Cohen's invoice dated March 16, 2017
Count 6: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust dated March 17, 2017
Count 7: A Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust Account check and check stub dated March 17, 2017
Count 8: Michael Cohen's invoice dated April 13, 2017
Count 9: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated June 19, 2017
Count 10: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated June 19, 2017
Count 11: Michael Cohen's invoice dated May 22, 2017
Count 12: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated May 22, 2017
Count 13: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub May 23, 2017
Count 14: Michael Cohen's invoice dated June 16, 2017
Count 15: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated June 19, 2017
Count 16: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated June 19, 2017
Count 17: Michael Cohen's invoice dated July 11, 2017
Count 18: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated July 11, 2017
Count 19: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated July 11, 2017
Count 20: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Aug. 1, 2017
Count 21: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated Aug. 1, 2017
Count 22: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated Aug. 1, 2017
Count 23: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Sept. 11, 2017
Count 24: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated Sept. 11, 2017
Count 25: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated Sept. 12, 2017
Count 26: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Oct. 18, 2017
Count 27: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated Oct. 18, 2017
Count 28: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated Oct. 18, 2017
Count 29: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Nov. 20, 2017
Count 30: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated Nov. 20, 2017
Count 31: A Donald J. Trump account check and check stub dated Nov. 21, 2017
Count 32: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Dec. 1, 2017
Count 33: Entry in the Detail General Ledger for Donald J. Trump dated Dec. 1, 2017
Count 34: A check and check stub dated Dec. 5 2017

Jurors saw copies of these records entered as evidence. Evidence from the entire trial is available on the New York Courts website .

Contributing: Aysha Bagchi

Donald Trump was convicted on felony charges. Will he go to prison?

A New York jury's historic conviction of Donald Trump on felony charges means his fate is now in the hands of the judge he has repeatedly ripped as "corrupt" and "incompetent."

Two experts told NBC News that it's unlikely Trump will be imprisoned based on his age, lack of a criminal record and other factors — and an analysis of thousands of cases found that very few people charged with the same crime receive jail time. But a third expert told NBC News he believes it is "substantially" likely Trump could end up behind bars.

Trump was convicted on 34 counts of falsifying business records , a class E felony that is punishable by a fine, probation or up to four years in prison per count. During the trial, Judge Juan Merchan threatened to put Trump behind bars for violating his gag order, but it’s unclear whether the former president will face similar consequences now. It's expected that any sentence would be imposed concurrently, instead of consecutively.

Former federal prosecutor Chuck Rosenberg, an NBC News analyst, said it's unlikely that Merchan would sentence Trump, 77, to any jail time, given his age and his status as a first-time, nonviolent offender. "I’d be very surprised if there's any sentence of incarceration at all," Rosenberg said. “Of course, he did spend a good bit of time insulting the judge who has the authority to incarcerate him.”

The next step for Trump at this point is his sentencing, which is set for July 11. Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg would not comment Thursday on what type of sentence he’d seek, saying his office would do its speaking in court papers in the weeks ahead.

Arthur Aidala, a former prosecutor in the Brooklyn district attorney's office who's now a defense lawyer, said the judge will most likely use some of the time before sentencing to research similar cases to determine what the median sentence is.

"He wants to know before he sentences someone what the typical sentence is," Aidala said, and would consider other factors, like Trump's age and lack of a criminal record, while also taking into account the lack of injury caused by the crime. Aidala said he believes whatever punishment Merchan comes up with would be "a non-jail disposition."

An analysis conducted by Norm Eisen, who worked for House Democrats during Trump’s first impeachment, found that roughly 1 in 10 people who have been convicted of falsifying business records are imprisoned and that those cases typically involved other crimes.

Ron Kuby, a veteran New York criminal defense lawyer, took a different view.

“Judge Merchan is known for being a harsh sentencer when it comes to white-collar crimes committed by people who have wealth and privilege and power,” he said.

Kuby added he believes "it is substantially likely Judge Merchan will sentence Trump to jail or prison time," despite the logistical and practical complications that locking up a person with Secret Service protection would entail.

Kuby said that's because the criminal scheme went on for over a year and included a number of bad acts on Trump's part.

“It’s an entire course of conduct he was involved with — not just one bad decision,” he said.

Trump, however, most likely doesn't have to worry about missing the Republican National Convention, where he's expected to accept the party's nomination, even though it's taking place just days after his sentencing. Kuby said he'd most likely be able to remain free while he appeals the conviction.

Trump's behavior during the trial, including his flouting Merchan's gag order by making comments about witnesses and the jury, isn't likely to be a factor in the sentencing decision, Kuby said. It's also highly unlikely that comments that appeared to be aimed at sidestepping the gag order by Republican officials who attended the trial as Trump's guests will figure into Merchan's reasoning, Kuby added.

"If the judge is smart, he'd stay away from that," Kuby said. "The best way for judges not to get reversed in a sentencing is to stick to the facts and circumstances of the crimes and conviction."

Rosenberg said that despite Trump’s frequent criticisms of Merchan, which he likened to “a batter who’s been yelling at the umpire from before the first pitch,” Merchan appeared to run “a clean and fair trial.”

Rosenberg and Kuby agreed that Trump would appeal the verdict. Kuby said that could delay Trump's serving whatever punishment Merchan doles out for years, even if the appeal is ultimately unsuccessful.

His first appeal will be to the state Appellate Division, a midlevel appeals court, and it will almost certainly not decide the appeal until after the November election, Kuby said. If he loses there, he could then appeal to the state's highest court, the Court of Appeals. A loss there would be followed by a request to the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the case.

If all that fails, Kuby said, he could then try turning to federal court in another attempt to eventually get the case before the Supreme Court.

The appeals process typically takes a long time — Kuby said he had one client who staved off prison time for six years — but there's another potential complicating factor in this case.

"If he becomes president of the United States, he cannot be incarcerated in a state prison" while he's in office, Kuby said, because it could prevent him from fulfilling his constitutional duties. If he lost his appeals, "by the time he leaves office — if he leaves office — he'd be ready to be incarcerated," he said.

Dareh Gregorian is a politics reporter for NBC News.

Adam Reiss is a reporter and producer for NBC and MSNBC.

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Answer 1: Real experiences always have better value. When we travel to a city, in a different country, it allows us to learn about a new culture, new language, new lifestyle, and new peoples. Sometimes, it is the best teacher to understand the world. Question 2: Why is travelling essential? Answer 2: Travelling is an incredibly vital part of life.
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Answer 1: Travelling is important as it teaches us a lot of things. You can learn new skills, new languages, new cultures. Moreover, you get to make new friends and try out new foods when you travel to a new place. It can be a real learning experience for all.
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Essay on Travelling in 200 words. Travelling is a captivating and enriching experience that broadens horizons, fosters personal growth, and connects individuals with diverse cultures and landscapes. It is a journey of discovery, both of the world and oneself. One of the most profound aspects of travelling is the opportunity to explore new cultures.
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500+ Words Essay on Tourism. Tourism Essay - Tourism is a major economic activity that has developed significantly over the years. It's an activity that can be recognized in both developed and developing nations. In general terms, tourism is the movement of a person from one place to another to visit and mesmerize the beauty of that place ...
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Please don't tell me everything about your trip. I don't want to know your travel schedule or the names of all the castles or restaurants you visited. I don't care about the plane trip that ...
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Writing a travel essay is simple. The only thing essential is how you deliver the message. When you travel, it's important to pay close attention to details. This would be anything from the structure, the ambiance, and the locals. Allow yourself to wander and focus on the uniqueness of the given place. Tour guides, natives, and travel ...
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500+ Words Essay on Tourism. Tourism is an incredible way to showcase India's rich and magnificent history, culture and diversity. Its magnificent monuments attract a large number of tourists from all over the world. The natural surroundings, the architectural masterpieces, the music, dance, paintings, customs and languages all make India a ...
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Maybe rare! I love travelling so much, in this essay paper I am covering my most memorable travel experience, I hope you like this essay presentation. So without wasting more of your time let's jump to the essay! This Essay is Formatted For Class 5 | Class 6 | Class 7 | Class 8 | Class 9 | Class 10 | Class 11 | Class 12
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Watch on. Writing college essays about traveling is a straightforward process for most students. As long as you can creatively connect the thrilling events in the correct order to give great flow, then everything else will flow effortlessly. The most important thing here is to know how to use your skills.
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B. Write an essay in about 500 words on 'Importance of Tourism in Nepal'. Nepal is known for being one of the most famous travel destinations in the world. With thousands of tourists visiting the county every year, Tourism in Nepal has soared to new heights. The capital city of the country, Kathmandu and the city of lakes, Pokhara are the ...
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Here is the complete book: Hornbill. Chapter 1 : The Portrait of a Lady. Chapter 2 : We're Not Afraid to Die… if We Can All Be Together. Chapter 3 : Discovering Tut: the Saga Continues; The Laburnum Top. Chapter 4 : The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement's Role. Chapter 5 : The Adventure. Chapter 6 : Silk Road; Father to Son.
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Now, write a travel essay, describing a ravel experience you had recently. class-11; Share It On Facebook Twitter Email. Play Quiz Game > 1 Answer +1 vote . answered Jun 29, 2021 by Dhanasekaran (30.7k points) selected Jul 1, 2021 by Dhanagopal . Best answer. My parents had promised me a foreign trip if I passed my SSLC with very high scores. ...
What is a Travel/Place Essay?
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February 13, 2024 by Prasanna. Essay On Vacation: A vacation offers everyone a break from work with a chance to relax and recharge oneself. Performing various tasks on a daily basis can stress anybody. It will even directly affect your mental abilities as well as physical stability. Thus, your mind and body will start destressing when you leave ...
Travelling Essay in 300 Words
Read travelling essay in English language in 300 words. Know more about short essay on travelling in India for students of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
What Happens Now That Trump Has Been Convicted ...
The conviction of former President Donald J. Trump on Thursday is just the latest step in his legal odyssey in New York's court system. The judge, Juan M. Merchan, set Mr. Trump's sentencing ...
What was Trump convicted of? See the 34 falsified business records
Here are the 34 business records Trump was found guilty of falsifying, as described in Judge Juan Merchan 's jury instructions: Count 1: Michael Cohen's invoice dated Feb. 14, 2017. Count 2: Entry ...
Will Trump go to prison after hush money trial verdict?
Trump was convicted on 34 counts of falsifying business records, a class E felony that is punishable by a fine, probation or up to four years in prison per count. During the trial, Judge Juan ...

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