sanskrit phd thesis pdf

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The syntax of Sanskrit bahuvrīhis (with John J. Lowe)

2022, Proceedings of the LFG’22 Conference

Lowe (2015b) provided an LFG-based analysis of Classical Sanskrit compounds, including bahuvrīhis of the adjective-noun type. In this paper we show that Lowe's (2015b) analysis cannot account for the full range of bahuvrīhi types attested in Sanskrit; we improve and extend Lowe's account to cover the major types of bahuvrīhi. We also formalize a broader generalization on the ordering constraints of the members of bahuvrīhis.

Related Papers

Journal of South Asian Linguistics (JSAL)

Davide Mocci

Many Sanskrit bahuvrīhis involve a possessive relation whereby one of the bahuvrīhi-members is the possessum and an expression not mentioned within the bahuvrīhi is the corresponding possessor: e.g., ugra-putra-(ṚV 8.67.11), not 'mighty son(s)' but 'Aditi having mighty sons' or 'Aditi whose sons are mighty'. This study addresses the following research question: how is this possessive relation established in Sanskrit bahuvrīhis? We consider two possible strategies. According to the first strategy, a linguistic unit which conveys the meaning 'having' and undergoes ellipsis combines with the bahuvrīhi stem: e.g., the combination of this elided unit with ugra-putra-, which per se would convey the meaning 'mighty son(s)', yields the meaning 'having mighty sons'. According to the second strategy, the possessor starts out within the phrase projected by one of the bahuvrīhi-members: e.g., áditi-(i.e., the Sanskrit term for 'Aditi') starts out as the specifier of the phrase projected by putrá-in the above example; in this configuration áditi-is read as the possessor of putrá-; only subsequently will áditi-exit the bahuvrīhi. We argue that the second strategy is superior because only it captures certain restrictions on the internal order of bahuvrīhis.

Journal of South Asian Linguistics

Tiziana Pontillo , Maria Piera Candotti

Dispensing with zero in the analysis of Sanskrit bahuvrīhi: Resurfacing, testing and assessing Pāṇini’s model

Journal of Language Modelling

International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities

Prof Dr Mohammed J A S I M Betti

paolo ramat

Annali Istituto Orientale di Napoli (AION) 30,IV 2008 ,pp. 189-220

Word Structure

Clement Appah

The purpose of this paper is to study exocentric compounds in Akan and to present a Constructions Morphology account of their properties. I show that the complex issue of exocentricity is better accounted for if we distinguish between formal and semantic exocentricity. I present Bauer’s (2008, 2010) typology of exocentric compounds (bahuvrihi, exocentric synthetic, transpositional exocentric, exocentric co-compounds and metaphorical exocentric compounds) and test the Akan data against them, showing that all Akan compound types (N-A, N-N, N-V, V-N, and V-V) have exocentric subtypes which fall into three of the five types identified by Bauer. They are bahuvrihi compounds and exocentric synthetic compounds of which I identify two subtypes each and transpositional exocentric compounds. I present the properties of each identified type of Akan exocentric compound using formalisms from Construction Morphology (Booij 2010b) in which compounds are word-level constructions capable of having holistic properties. The unexpressed features of the exocentric compounds are regarded as holistic constructional properties that do not emanate from the constituents per se.

Richard Ayertey Lawer

A general study of Dangme morphology has been done. However, the phenomenon of compounding has not been studied extensively as the previous studies (eg., Hevi, 2011; Awulah, 2014) just mentioned it as a kind of word formation process. Considering the importance of compounding as a nominalisation process in Dangme, therefore, this study looked at the phenomenon to unravel the nature of compounding in Dangme and to attempt to show what they reveal about compounding in general. Data for the study was drawn from interactions with speakers of Dangme, Dangme novels and radio programmes in Dangme. This was supplemented by the native speaker intuition of the author. The study showed that Dangme compounds are nominals and they may be formed from two nouns (N-N), a noun and a postposition (N-P), a noun and an adjective (N-A), a noun and a verb (N-V), a verb and a noun (V-N) and two numerals. It is shown that some Dangme compounds are exocentric but endocentric ones could be left headed or right headed. Using Construction Morphology, it is shown that formal and semantic properties of Dangme compounds that are not traceable to the compound constituents are holistic properties of the constructions. It is again shown that Dangme multiplicative numerals are exocentric constructions. The phonological processes that compounding in Dangme triggers include vowel deletion, vowel coalescence, vowel lengthening and tone lowering.

Shaimaa ElSadek

Proceedings of the LFG’17 Conference

Joseph Lovestrand

This paper addresses the formal properties of constituent structure (c-structure). We demonstrate inadequacies in the formalization of traditional X-bar theory by Bresnan (2001) and Bresnan et al. (2016), and in the alternative proposal of Marcotte (2014). We propose " minimal c-structure " as a new approach to phrase structure within Lexical-Functional Grammar, which almost entirely eliminates non-branching nodes, and neatly captures the distinction between projecting and non-projecting words. Our proposal is fully formalized , and has been successfully tested by an XLE implementation.

Irina Nikolaeva

Many languages have morphological devices to turn a noun into an adjective. Often this morphology is genuinely derivational in that it adds semantic content such as ‘similar-to-N’ (similitudinal), ‘located-on/in’ (locational) and so on. In other cases the denominal adjective expresses no more than a pragmatically determined relationship, as in preposition-al phrase (see the synonymous preposition phrase), often called ‘relational adjectives’. In many languages relational adjectives are noun-to-adjective transpositions, that is, adjectival forms (‘representations’) of nominals. In some languages and constructions they retain some of the noun-related properties of the base. For example, the base can be modified by an attribute as though it were still a syntactically represented noun, giving rise to what we will call ‘syntagmatic category mixing’. We also find instances of ‘paradigmatic category mixing’ in which the derived adjectival form retains some of the inflectional morphology (c...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sanskrit language and grammar'

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Verhagen, Pieter Cornelis. "Sanskrit grammatical literature in Tibet : a study of the Indo-Tibetan canonical literature on Sanskrit grammar and the development of Sanskrit studies in Tibet /." [Leiden?] : P. C. Verhagen, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35502127q.

Kumashiro, Fumiko. "Phonotactic interactions : a non-reductionist approach to phonology /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9963655.

Aussant, Émilie. "La notion de saṃjñā dans la tradition grammaticale pāṇinéenne : quand la forme du mot se fait sens." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030031.

Ciotti, Giovanni. "The representation of Sanskrit speech-sounds : philological and linguistic historiographies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608079.

Clarke, Martin Preston. "Language, grammar and being." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242824.

Lowe, John J. "The syntax and semantics of tense-aspect stem participles in early Ṛgvedic Sanskrit." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:45516bfd-cffb-457a-904c-100695cbd938.

Saleemi, Anjum P. "Universal grammar and language learnability /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35562111k.

Barrett, Edward Rush. "A grammar of Sipakapense Maya /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

Ofori, Seth. "Topics in Akan grammar." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3234480.

Soe, Myint. "A grammar of Burmese /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9957575.

Loughnane, Robyn. "A grammar of Oskapmin /." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/4788.

Gustafson, Holly Suzanne. "A grammar of the Nipmuck language." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53163.pdf.

Shi, Enchao. "Second language grammar and secondary predication." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289919.

Haag, Pascale. "L'un et le multiple : théorie du nombre dans la grammaire pāṇinéenne et ses relations avec le Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030052.

Peterson, Randall L. "The layman's Greek grammar." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

Vidal, Alejandra. "Pilagá grammar (Guaykuruan family, Argentina) /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3004006//.

Zalewski, Jan P. Hawkins Bruce Wayne. "Redefining the global grammar towards the development of a communicatively-oriented pedagogical grammar of English as a second language /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9311294.

Zhang, Paiyu, and 张派予. "The Kilen language of Manchuria: grammar of amoribund Tungusic language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49858816.

Shih, Hsue-Hueh. "Computer assisted grammar construction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387694.

Gao, Qian. "Argument structure, HPSG, and Chinese grammar /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488204276532252.

Hamrick, Phillip. "The Effectiveness of Cognitive Grammar and Traditional Grammar in L1 Pedagogy: An Empirical Test." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1212177577.

Chiu, Lai-wan Hazel. "Consciousness-raising and the acquisition of grammar." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161823.

Johnson, Heidi Anna. "A grammar of San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

Rosés, Labrada Jorge Emilio. "The Mako language : vitality, Grammar and Classification." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20026.

Borg, Simon. "Teacher cognition in second language grammar teaching." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284617.

Liew, Haldane. "SGML : a meta-language for shape grammar." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26744.

Imssalem, Nuwara Mohammed. "Communicative pedagogical grammar for learning another language." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488054.

Clendon, Mark. "Topics in Worora grammar." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc627.pdf.

Valenzuela, Pilar. "Transitivity in Shipibo-Konibo grammar /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095279.

Brown, Lea. "A grammar of Nias Selatan." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12669.

Vallejos, Yopán Rosa 1971. "A grammar of Kokama-Kokamilla." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11051.

Hana, Jiri. "Czech clitics in higher order grammar." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1188232919.

Petronio, Karen M. "Clause structure in American sign language /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8418.

Phakkahn, Naiyapak. "Phonology and Grammar Sketch of Yoy." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10638626.

Yoy is an endangered language of Thailand and Laos. The language belongs to the Tai-Kadai language family; however it has not yet been determined exactly which branch the language belongs to. Yoy has not been studied before and very limited resources are available regarding the classification of this language. The main objective of this thesis is to present a phonological description of Yoy by analyzing a set of 1,000 lexical items from selected speakers of the language. It also presents the grammar sketch which includes a description of word structure and syntactic structure of the language. The sketch structure of the grammar partially follows the outline of the language description from Grammar of Lao by Enfield.

Majcher, Stephanie Amelia. "Becoming Sanskrit. A study of langauage and person in the Ṛgvedic Āraṇyakas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15965.

Marfo, Charles Ofosu. "Aspects of Akan grammar and the phonology-syntax interface." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32053563.

Boro, Krishna. "A Grammar of Hakhun Tangsa." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22739.

Scott, Leslie A. (Leslie Ann). "Natural Grammar: a Painless Way to Teach Grammar in the Secondary Language Arts Classroom." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501245/.

Kwan, Wing-man, and 關穎文. "The grammar and processing of Chinese coverb constructions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45815963.

Johnson, Edward. "Karajarri sketch grammar." Thesis, University of Sydney, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/277329.

Cardinal, Kumi. "An algebraic study of Japanese grammar /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29419.

Mayhugh, Paul W. "A Chinese-English intermediate Greek grammar." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

Thornes, Timothy Jon. "A Northern Paiute grammar with texts /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095278.

Wilcox, Karen Marie. "Defining grammar : a critical primer." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/wilcox/WilcoxK04.pdf.

Sinha, Rajeshwari Mishka. "A history of the transmission of Sanskrit in Britain and America, 1832-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610357.

Tuomas, Petra. "Teaching grammar: A study of the common English grammar errors and grammar teaching methods that can be relevant for Swedish upper secondary schools." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-19842.

McClure, Ellah Sue. "Six middle school language arts teachers' beliefs about grammar and their teaching of grammar while participating In a professional learning community." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11122006-225340/.

Laubstein, Ann Stuart. "The nature of the production grammar syllable." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4620.

Abbas, Abeer. "Selected Aspects of a Grammar of Farasani." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751608.

Farasani is the speech form originating from the small archipelago of coral islands in the Red Sea known as the Farasan Islands, belonging to the country of Saudi Arabia. Farasani is spoken by roughly 20,000 people. This study presents the beginnings of the first detailed documentary of Farasani includes a brief history of the islands, the sociolinguistic factors affecting the Farasani speaking community, the phonological system, and the morphosyntactic patterns.

The first portion of this research study introduces a concise description of the Farasani people and history of the islands in regards to its occupation by the Ottoman Empire and contact with Yemen and other countries. It also touches upon the stigmas held by those of other Arabic speakers on the mainland of Saudi Arabia and the current perception of the younger generation of Farasani speakers who largely undervalue their dialect. The second portion of this study incorporates a detailed description of Farasani phonology collected from data from native speakers, including detailing the allowable syllable structures, consonant clusters, and sonority sequencing in Farasani. Finally, this study provides a description of selected aspects of Farasani morphosyntax, including a discussion of major word classes, morphological typology, selected verb phrase operations, word order, the alignment system, and multi-clause constructions.

Kawasha, Boniface Kaumba. "Lunda grammar : a morphosyntactic and semantic analysis /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095256.

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Studies In Sanskrit Syntax

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