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Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Starting with the Yale School of Medicine (YSM) graduating class of 2002, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library and YSM Office of Student Research have collaborated on the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library (YMTDL) project, publishing the digitized full text of medical student theses on the web as a valuable byproduct of Yale student research efforts. The digital thesis deposit has been a graduation requirement since 2006. Starting in 2012, alumni of the Yale School of Medicine were invited to participate in the YMTDL project by granting scanning and hosting permission to the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, which digitized the Library’s print copy of their thesis or dissertation. A grant from the Arcadia Fund in 2017 provided the means for digitizing over 1,000 additional theses. IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE YALE COMMUNITY AND NEED ACCESS TO A THESIS RESTRICTED TO THE YALE NETWORK, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) IS ON.

Theses/Dissertations from 2024 2024

Refractory Neurogenic Cough Management: The Non-Inferiority Of Soluble Steroids To Particulate Suspensions For Superior Laryngeal Nerve Blocks , Hisham Abdou

Percutaneous Management Of Pelvic Fluid Collections: A 10-Year Series , Chidumebi Alim

Behavioral Outcomes In Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis: Relationship With Radiographic Severity , Mariana Almeida

Ventilator Weaning Parameters Revisited: A Traditional Analysis And A Test Of Artificial Intelligence To Predict Successful Extubation , John James Andrews

Developing Precision Genome Editors: Peptide Nucleic Acids Modulate Crispr Cas9 To Treat Autosomal Dominant Disease , Jem Atillasoy

Radiology Education For U.s. Medical Students In 2024: A State-Of-The-Art Analysis , Ryan Bahar

Out-Of-Pocket Spending On Medications For Diabetes In The United States , Baylee Bakkila

Imaging Markers Of Microstructural Development In Neonatal Brains And The Impact Of Postnatal Pathologies , Pratheek Sai Bobba

A Needs Assessment For Rural Health Education In United States Medical Schools , Kailey Carlson

Racial Disparities In Behavioral Crisis Care: Investigating Restraint Patterns In Emergency Departments , Erika Chang-Sing

Social Determinants Of Health & Barriers To Care In Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Lost To Follow-Up , Thomas Chang

Association Between Fine Particulate Matter And Eczema: A Cross-Sectional Study Of The All Of Us Research Program And The Center For Air, Climate, And Energy Solutions , Gloria Chen

Predictors Of Adverse Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy , Samuel Craft

Genetic Contributions To Thoracic Aortic Disease , Ellelan Arega Degife

Actigraphy And Symptom Changes With A Social Rhythm Intervention In Young Persons With Mood Disorders , Gabriela De Queiroz Campos

Incidence Of Pathologic Nodal Disease In Clinically Node Negative, Microinvasive/t1a Breast Cancers , Pranammya Dey

Spinal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management , Meera Madhav Dhodapkar

Childen's Reentry To School After Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study , Madeline Digiovanni

Bringing Large Language Models To Ophthalmology: Domain-Specific Ontologies And Evidence Attribution , Aidan Gilson

Surgical Personalities: A Cultural History Of Early 20th Century American Plastic Surgery , Joshua Zev Glahn

Implications Of Acute Brain Injury Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Daniel Grubman

Latent Health Status Trajectory Modelling In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease , Scott Grubman

The Human Claustrum Tracks Slow Waves During Sleep , Brett Gu

Patient Perceptions Of Machine Learning-Enabled Digital Mental Health , Clara Zhang Guo

Variables Affecting The 90-Day Overall Reimbursement Of Four Common Orthopaedic Procedures , Scott Joseph Halperin

The Evolving Landscape Of Academic Plastic Surgery: Understanding And Shaping Future Directions In Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion , Sacha C. Hauc

Association Of Vigorous Physical Activity With Psychiatric Disorders And Participation In Treatment , John L. Havlik

Long-Term Natural History Of Ush2a-Retinopathy , Michael Heyang

Clinical Decision Support For Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder , Wesley Holland

Applying Deep Learning To Derive Noninvasive Imaging Biomarkers For High-Risk Phenotypes Of Prostate Cancer , Sajid Hossain

The Hardships Of Healthcare Among People With Lived Experiences Of Homelessness In New Haven, Ct , Brandon James Hudik

Outcomes Of Peripheral Vascular Interventions In Patients Treated With Factor Xa Inhibitors , Joshua Joseph Huttler

Janus Kinase Inhibition In Granuloma Annulare: Two Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trials , Erica Hwang

Medicaid Coverage For Undocumented Children In Connecticut: A Political History , Chinye Ijeli

Population Attributable Fraction Of Reproductive Factors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Race , Rachel Jaber Chehayeb

Evaluation Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Hiatal Hernia As Risk Factors For Lobectomy Complications , Michael Kaminski

Health-Related Social Needs Before And After Critical Illness Among Medicare Beneficiaries , Tamar A. Kaminski

Effects Of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair On Cardiac Function At Rest , Nabeel Kassam

Conditioned Hallucinations By Illness Stage In Individuals With First Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, And Clinical High Risk For Psychosis , Adam King

The Choroid Plexus Links Innate Immunity To Dysregulation Of Csf Homeostasis In Diverse Forms Of Hydrocephalus , Emre Kiziltug

Health Status Changes After Stenting For Stroke Prevention In Carotid Artery Stenosis , Jonathan Kluger

Rare And Undiagnosed Liver Diseases: New Insights From Genomic And Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses , Chigoziri Konkwo

“Teen Health” Empowers Informed Contraception Decision-Making In Adolescents And Young Adults , Christina Lepore

Barriers To Mental Health Care In Us Military Veterans , Connor Lewis

Barriers To Methadone For Hiv Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs In Kazakhstan , Amanda Rachel Liberman

Unheard Voices: The Burden Of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease In Women , Marah Maayah

Partial And Total Tonsillectomy For Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Role Of The Cas-15 , Jacob Garn Mabey

Association Between Insurance, Access To Care, And Outcomes For Patients With Uveal Melanoma In The United States , Victoria Anne Marks

Urinary Vegf And Cell-Free Dna As Non-Invasive Biomarkers For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening , Mitchelle Matesva

Pain Management In Facial Trauma: A Narrative Review , Hunter Mccurdy

Meningioma Relational Database Curation Using A Pacs-Integrated Tool For Collection Of Clinical And Imaging Features , Ryan Mclean

Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time And Dysplasia Detection In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Chandler Julianne Mcmillan

Cerebral Arachnoid Cysts Are Radiographic Harbingers Of Epigenetics Defects In Neurodevelopment , Kedous Mekbib

Regulation And Payment Of New Medical Technologies , Osman Waseem Moneer

Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Tricuspid Valve Repair Surgery , Alyssa Morrison

Non-Invasive Epidermal Proteome-Based Subclassification Of Psoriasis And Eczema And Identification Of Treatment Relevant Biomarkers , Michael Murphy

Ballistic And Explosive Orthopaedic Trauma Epidemiology And Outcomes In A Global Population , Jamieson M. O'marr

Dermatologic Infectious Complications And Mimickers In Cancer Patients On Oncologic Therapy , Jolanta Pach

Distressed Community Index In Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy In Medicare-Linked Vqi Registry , Carmen Pajarillo

Preoperative Psychosocial Risk Burden Among Patients Undergoing Major Thoracic And Abdominal Surgery , Emily Park

Volumetric Assessment Of Imaging Response In The Pnoc Pediatric Glioma Clinical Trials , Divya Ramakrishnan

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis , Tagan Rohrbaugh

A School-Based Study Of The Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Bali, Indonesia , Alysha Rose

Outcomes Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy For Patients With Thoracic Tumors In Predominantly Central Locations , Alexander Sasse

Healthcare Expenditure On Atrial Fibrillation In The United States: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2016-2021 , Claudia See

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Oropharyngeal Cancer Post-Treatment Surveillance Practices , Rema Shah

Machine Learning And Risk Prediction Tools In Neurosurgery: A Rapid Review , Josiah Sherman

Maternal And Donor Human Milk Support Robust Intestinal Epithelial Growth And Differentiation In A Fetal Intestinal Organoid Model , Lauren Smith

Constructing A Fetal Human Liver Atlas: Insights Into Liver Development , Zihan Su

Somatic Mutations In Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, And Myeloid Neoplasms , Tho Tran

Illness Perception And The Impact Of A Definitive Diagnosis On Women With Ischemia And No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study , Leslie Yingzhijie Tseng

Advances In Keratin 17 As A Cancer Biomarker: A Systematic Review , Robert Tseng

Regionalization Strategy To Optimize Inpatient Bed Utilization And Reduce Emergency Department Crowding , Ragini Luthra Vaidya

Survival Outcomes In T3 Laryngeal Cancer Based On Staging Features At Diagnosis , Vickie Jiaying Wang

Analysis Of Revertant Mosaicism And Cellular Competition In Ichthyosis With Confetti , Diana Yanez

A Hero's Journey: Experiences Using A Therapeutic Comicbook In A Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Unit , Idil Yazgan

Prevalence Of Metabolic Comorbidities And Viral Infections In Monoclonal Gammopathy , Mansen Yu

Automated Detection Of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Large Language Models , Neil Zheng

Vascular Risk Factor Treatment And Control For Stroke Prevention , Tianna Zhou

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Radiomics: A Methodological Guide And Its Applications To Acute Ischemic Stroke , Emily Avery

Characterization Of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events Due To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Annika Belzer

An Investigation Of Novel Point Of Care 1-Tesla Mri Of Infants’ Brains In The Neonatal Icu , Elisa Rachel Berson

Understanding Perceptions Of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Education In A Pediatric Tertiary Care Center , Gabriel BetancurVelez

Effectiveness Of Acitretin For Skin Cancer Prevention In Immunosuppressed And Non-Immunosuppressed Patients , Shaman Bhullar

Adherence To Tumor Board Recommendations In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma , Yueming Cao

Clinical Trials Related To The Spine & Shoulder/elbow: Rates, Predictors, & Reasons For Termination , Dennis Louis Caruana

Improving Delivery Of Immunomodulator Mpla With Biodegradable Nanoparticles , Jungsoo Chang

Sex Differences In Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis , Shin Mei Chan

Incorporating Genomic Analysis In The Clinical Practice Of Hepatology , David Hun Chung

Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions Of A Medical Wilderness Adventure Race (medwar) , Lake Crawford

Surgical Outcomes Following Posterior Spinal Fusion For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis , Wyatt Benajmin David

Representing Cells As Sentences Enables Natural Language Processing For Single Cell Transcriptomics , Rahul M. Dhodapkar

Life Vs. Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness: Short-Term Involuntary Commitment Laws In All 50 US States , Sofia Dibich

Healthcare Disparities In Preoperative Risk Management For Total Joint Arthroplasty , Chloe Connolly Dlott

Toll-Like Receptors 2/4 Directly Co-Stimulate Arginase-1 Induction Critical For Macrophage-Mediated Renal Tubule Regeneration , Natnael Beyene Doilicho

Associations Of Atopic Dermatitis With Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities , Ryan Fan

International Academic Partnerships In Orthopaedic Surgery , Michael Jesse Flores

Young Adults With Adhd And Their Involvement In Online Communities: A Qualitative Study , Callie Marie Ginapp

Becoming A Doctor, Becoming A Monster: Medical Socialization And Desensitization In Nazi Germany And 21st Century USA , SimoneElise Stern Hasselmo

Comparative Efficacy Of Pharmacological Interventions For Borderline Personality Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis , Olivia Dixon Herrington

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Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries

• Online Theses and Dissertations
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Associate Director for Engagement, Inclusion, & Reparative Archiving

• Full text of University of Maryland, College Park, theses and dissertations from December 2003 to the present is available online at DRUM: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland .
• In instances where the student has restricted access to his/her electronic thesis or dissertation in DRUM for a specific period, any physical copies are also restricted. As of the Fall 2013 semester, physical copies are no longer created. Written permission from the author is required to make a restricted thesis or dissertation available before the restriction period expires.
• University of Maryland doctoral dissertations from 1997 to the present and master's theses from December 2003 to the present are available through Proquest Dissertations & Theses Global . Because of licensing agreements, this database can be used only by current faculty, staff, and students of the University of Maryland, College Park, and authorized users from other subscribing institutions.
• Permanent, non-circulating copies of University of Maryland, College Park, master's theses and doctoral dissertations are maintained by the University Archives  and stored offsite at Severn Library. They are available for researcher use in the Maryland Room of Hornbake Library.  Requests should be placed at least 2 business days prior to your visit to guarantee that they will be available in the Maryland Room for your use. Please see steps to request Special Collections and University Archives materials from Severn Library .
• In some cases, a second, circulating copy of a thesis or dissertation is available in one of our branch libraries. Researchers should check the UMD Libraries Catalog for the exact location of circulating copies.
• In some cases, you may be able to order the full-text electronically. See the Print Theses and Dissertations page for more details.
• Email the University Archives at [email protected] for more information.
• Next: Online Theses and Dissertations >>
• Last Updated: Apr 2, 2024 3:10 PM
• URL: https://lib.guides.umd.edu/MDdissertations

Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library

Search for theses.

• Orbis , Yale Online Catalog Search for all Yale theses using Orbis by including the words "Yale" and  "thesis" as keywords in your search.  Items cataloged in Orbis will have both a call number and a "handle" URL for the catalog record. Please include both if if you make an email inquiry about access.  
• Dissertations & Theses - Full Text  Digital Dissertations contains more than 1.6 million entries with information about doctoral dissertations, including Yale MD/PhD dissertations. It is the same database as Dissertation Abstracts, but with the significant advantage that titles published since 1997 are available in PDF digital format.  
• Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library Project Starting in 2006, each YSM graduating class is required to deposit an electronic thesis. Theses from 2011-onward are also accessible through Dissertations & Theses - Full Text . Note: If a medical student selects a temporary or permanent embargo for campus-only access, the full-text will not be available in the Proquest system during the embargo. Thesis abstracts should be available in either EliScholar or Proquest.  
• EliScholar Alumni theses can be found in Yale University’s institutional repository. If you would like to have your thesis added to EliScholar, please complete this form .

Theses in the Library

The Medical Library receives one copy of each Yale School of Medicine thesis and two copies of each School of Nursing thesis. School of Public Health theses are in the Medical Library through 2008. In 2009, SPH theses are electronic only and available in the Proquest Dissertations & Theses - Full Text  product. Each thesis is cataloged with author and subject entries for Orbis, the Yale online catalog. In addition, a historical list of theses arranged by year , indicating the call numbers for requesting the thesis, is shelved in the Medical Library Information Room. To view a print thesis, thesis request forms are available at the Circulation Desk. Theses from 1974 to the present are shelved within the Medical Library and are retrieved twice a day, at 11:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday. Earlier theses are stored in the Library Shelving Facility (LSF). Theses at LSF may be delivered to the Medical Library via the campus library delivery service. The second copy of the School of Nursing theses may be checked out for home use, but all other theses must be used in the Library. For more information, please call the Circulation Desk 203-785-5354.

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Honors Thesis

The MD honors thesis for medical students is one way students can graduate with honors. The goal of this program is to encourage students to engage in scientific research during medical school.

Eligibility

• Students must rank in the upper 50% of their class
• Receive no grades less than "Pass" at the end of the first two years of medical school
• Academic eligibility is determined by the Student Evaluation Committee
• Research proposal deadline: before the first Monday of January of the junior year.  
• A thesis is written and due on or before the first Monday of January of the senior year.
• A thesis that receives an Honors designation is eligible for graduation with Honors. 
• Honors based on academic performance may receive higher Honors designations (e.g. Distinction, High Distinction, Highest Distinction) based on the Honors thesis.

The Office of Research and Development is responsible for the evaluation of scientific merit and approval of the proposal. The Research and Development Committee also has the responsibility of final scientific evaluation of the thesis and recommends to the Student Evaluation Committee if the thesis merits the Honors designation.

For more information contact:  Brianna Simmons  or review Research Opportunities for Students .

Practical Steps in Writing an MD Thesis

by Belle Fortune Kenfack, MD | Apr 11, 2022 | Writing

Presenting an MD thesis is mandatory in fulfilling the requirements for graduation in some medical schools. It’s all about researching and scientifically reporting your findings. This huge task is usually time-consuming, mind-blogging and exhausting at every step. However, there are practical ways of making this learning process exciting and rewarding.

Choosing a good research topic

 A research question is a problem you are trying to solve, so it’s primordial to choose a topic that interests you. You could either propose an original topic or choose from a list of available topics suggested by a supervisor. Either way, it must be feasible, novel, ethical and relevant. 1 .  Also, a good research question is essential to guide your thesis, making your work concise, focused, and easy to break down into manageable tasks.

Writing a proposal

A proposal aims to outline the thesis and how you plan to achieve it. This entails searching the literature and reading scientific articles related to your research question to understand the background and the gaps to enable you to define a proper scientific method 2 . Typically, a proposal is divided into 3 main chapters:

• Introduction (briefly describe what is known on the topic and state your objectives)
• Literature review (a detailed but concise summary of literature)
• Methods (step by step approach on how you will conduct the study, including the context and materials that you will require)

A key aspect is to write daily, even if it is nonsense. Write, rewrite, get feedback, revise and restructure. Then, continue until you are satisfied and the review is positive.

Collecting and analysing data

You can collect data in different ways, via paper, online or by phone. Choose a process that minimises cost and shrinks your error margin. Also, pretest your data collection tool to ensure that it is practical and captures all variables needed for the analysis. Writing a data analysis plan helps you to define variables accurately to select appropriate statistical methods for analysis. The CRENC has published a detailed guide on this 3,4 .  You can choose any statistical software to analyse your data. Having a good mastery of one is fine. However, you need to select the appropriate test to answer your objectives so that the results will be reliable.

READ: How to Create a Data Analysis Plan: A Detailed Guide

Writing results and discussion

  Present your findings in a simple, clear and logical manner. Use tables, charts, graphs and plots where appropriate. Avoid repetition and choose the format that would be easiest for a reader to understand.

The discussion summarises the essential aspects of your findings and informs a reader of their implications. A good discussion has 3 main points;

• A summary of your research results
• Comparisons of your results with previous findings
• Highlighting the implications, strengths and limitations of the study and suggesting areas for further research

Many students tend to focus on comparisons and forget to state their relevance as a solution to a problem. In essence, the purpose of research is to provide a solution and not for comparison with previous findings

Aristotle said, “the roots of education are bitter, but the fruits are sweet”, and this applies to writing a thesis. Following these steps at every stage makes the thesis less cumbersome. It’s a long journey of learning new stuff. Do not hesitate to ask for help or guidance. You will neither be the first nor the last. Others succeeded, why not you!!!

READ: Writing a good results section of a thesis/scientific paper

1.        Hulley SB;, Cummings SR;, Browner WS;, Grady DG;, Newman TB. Title: Designing Clinical Research, 3rd Edition • Characteristics of a Good Research Question 2010.

2.        Maleki F, Ahmad F, Loyalt B, et al. Writing a research proposal Writing of Research Proposal. Res Propos Abasyn J Soc Sci . (1).

3.        How to Create a Data Analysis Plan: A Detailed Guide | CRENC eLearn. Accessed March 14, 2022. https://learn.crenc.org/how-to-create-a-data-analysis-plan/

4.        Simpson SH. Creating a Data Analysis Plan: What to Consider When Choosing Statistics for a Study. Can J Hosp Pharm . 2015;68(4):311. doi:10.4212/CJHP.V68I4.1471

Dr Belle Kenfack is a physician and aspiring clinical researcher. She is a member of the digital team at CRENC

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Very well said. If I was to go through it again, I will do it this way.

Great write up. An advice I will give to any research newbie

This is a very simple and rich guide. I’ll always come back to this article for guidance. Thank you!

Good one. It give a very simple and straight forward overview of thesis writing and how to go about it

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Do We Need More Structured MD Thesis Programs? A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of the Research Program at the Medical Faculty Dresden

• Original Research
• Open access
• Published: 13 June 2024

Cite this article

You have full access to this open access article

• Jean-Paul Bereuter   ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0003-2981-1448 1   na1 ,
• Mark Enrik Geissler 1   na1 ,
• Anna Klimova 2 ,
• Rona Geissler 1 ,
• Corina Oswald 3 ,
• Ali El-Armouche 4 ,
• Katja El-Armouche 4 ,
• Lydia Günther 5 &
• Andreas Deußen 3  

Introduction

Conducting a Medical Doctorate (MD) thesis is desired by the majority of medical students. However, the needed scientific competencies are not regularly implemented in medical education. To support students during their MD thesis, a graduate college was implemented. The present study aims to investigate the impact of this structured MD thesis program on the outcome of the MD thesis and the further scientific career.

An online survey covering 59 items was distributed to all current and former medical students who officially started their MD thesis from 2011 to 2022. The survey investigated the impact of the structured MD thesis program on the scientific development of participating students compared to students outside the structured program.

Based on a total of 370 complete answers, the analysis indicated that participants of the structured program have a significantly better outcome of their MD thesis compared to the control cohort based on objective parameters such as the thesis grade, the number of first-author publications, attendance of congresses, and the number of rewards. Additionally, participation in the program led to a more sustainable integration of students into research measured by the participation or pursuit of clinician scientist programs. Propensity score matched analyses of 60 participants confirmed the results.

Participation in a structured MD thesis program significantly improved the outcome and may support sustainable integration into research. Therefore, the implementation of such programs should be further expanded to secure the education of scientifically trained MD graduates.

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

The medical field is constrained by a plethora of challenges such as the implementation of new technologies, the exponential increase of medical knowledge, pandemics, personalized medicine, and an ageing population [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. To drive change and overcome these upcoming and existing challenges, education of medical students is of utmost importance. Medical education at universities forms future generations of physicians who will be confronted by these challenges [ 6 , 7 ].

Besides clinical duties, research is of great importance to drive medicine forward. However, in the current medical curriculum in Germany, research is marginalized [ 8 , 9 ]. The most common way to contribute to research and acquire basic research skills is still the conduct of a doctoral thesis [ 9 , 10 ]. Of note, the term Dr. med. (MD) may only be carried after the conduct of a medical dissertation in addition to completion of medical school whereas in the United States (US) it is awarded upon completion of medical school. The requirements which need to be fulfilled for acceptance of a medical dissertation are designed by each medical school individually and vary throughout Germany [ 11 , 12 ]. Nevertheless, most students desire an MD title. However, compared to other scientific subjects and on an international level, the MD is often regarded to be of less scientific complexity and lower content, yet among medical professionals it still bears a high connotation of medical and scientific knowledge [ 10 , 13 , 14 ]. While this may reflect different approaches between academic faculties, it may also prompt raising questions about the effectiveness of the current system in educating future physicians capable of making significant contributions to medical research, advancing healthcare and ensuring patient safety [ 8 , 15 ].

Facing the lack of a consistent nationwide curriculum concerning scientific education, medical students frequently express a desire to acquire more scientific competencies during their medical studies [ 8 ]. Certain medical schools already implemented scientific curricula and research projects [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. One relatively new example for implementing scientific education at the Medical Faculty of Dresden (MFD) is the Carus Promotionskolleg Dresden (CPKD), a structured MD thesis program for experimental research projects [ 19 ]. Other universities such as the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne developed and established a systematic science curriculum in previous years. The implementation of this research program was well accepted and resulted in a higher number of conducted research projects as well as higher numbers of accepted grant applications [ 16 ]. The research programs implemented in Germany can be seen equivalent to MD/PhD programs in the US [ 11 , 20 ]. Although there are differences between the MD and the PhD concerning scientific complexity and content, both support their participants in gaining scientific knowledge and experience [ 21 , 22 ]. Therefore, both programs help to improve high scientific quality and recruitment of future generations of clinician scientists [ 21 , 23 ].

The concept of CPKD that was followed at the MFD was the implementation of a structured MD thesis program for experimental research projects. Within this program, students are supported both scientifically and financially for 1 year during their MD thesis. The scientific support contains theoretical lectures for good scientific practice and theories of biomedical science as well as practical components such as project planning, abstract/poster design, and data presentation [ 19 ]. Students participating in this CPKD program pause their regular medical curriculum for a period of usually 1 year. For this period, they obtain separate funding via the CPKD because federal funding excludes support of medical students for activities outside the regular curriculum.

Although major scientific foundations such as the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation supported these initiatives for more than 10 years, scientific evidence that proves an objective benefit of such programs is limited to date [ 24 ]. In part, this relates to the time course, which is required to gain robust surrogate data on the success of a particular program. This study investigates the impact of a structured MD thesis program, based on an 11-year experience on the example of CPKD on the outcome of the MD thesis. It also investigates the interest of CPKD participants compared to a control cohort for subsequent participation in a clinician scientist program.

The CPKD is a structured program supporting students during the conduct of their medical thesis [ 19 ]. The program was introduced in 2011 as the Else Kröner Fresenius Promotionskolleg Dresden (EKPK). After the full funding period by the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation ended after 6 years in 2017, the program was continued by the medical faculty and renamed CPKD. To select projects and participants, the program has a stepwise selection process. Researchers of the MFD and partner institutions submit research proposals for a doctoral thesis project. In a first step, a committee consisting of three board members of the CPKD evaluates the submitted projects. After approval of a proposed project, students are allowed to apply for these positively selected research projects. The program selects approximately 15 students annually. Ten projects are funded per year by the faculty and typically around five further projects receive support by external funding. Students are given the task to present their anticipated project and a publication in the respected field, which is attributed to them 1–2 weeks in advance. The presentations are assessed by at least three board members of the CPKD. Results from this assessment are ranked and final individual selection for participation is based on the rank order of applicants. This final decision is obtained by agreement of the entire CPKD board. After selection into the program, students embark on a full-time 12-month scientific journey while pausing their medical studies. During this year, students are requested to participate in the mandatory education program covering basics of scientific work and research conduct. Besides theoretical aspects, e.g., theories and history of science as well as good scientific practice, practical contents are taught, for instance abstract writing, poster composition, and presentation skills. Simultaneously, students perform research work on their projects. The CPKD emphasizes scientific exchange and group activities throughout the program, empowering students to exchange ideas and form long-lasting connections. During the 12-month program, an advisory committee, consisting of at least three senior scientists knowledgeable in the specific project, is requested to meet at least three times with the student. Students are also advised by mid-career scientists during their daily work. At the end of the program, there is an oral presentation as well as poster competition and a poster prize given to the best presenter. After completing the program, students gain alumni status and support younger fellows as mentors. The CPKD established strong connections to existing clinician scientist programs to support the future career of their members.

Materials and Methods

Survey design.

This cross-sectional study was performed from January to March 2023 using the online survey tool Lime Survey ( https://www.limesurvey.org/de/ ). The survey design was conducted by the authors in an iterative collaborative process. All survey items were reviewed by experts in the field from our faculty. All questions were further evaluated by medical students to assess the required time as well as to identify and remove ambiguities from the questionnaire. The answers collected during this review process were not included in the final data analysis.

The questionnaire consisted of 59 different items. We requested biographic participant information (12 items) and data regarding the medical studies (7 items). In addition, students were asked for information concerning their MD thesis (14 items). Students who participated in a structured MD thesis program were requested for data regarding their attendance of the program (10 items). Due to the relevance of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of survey, students were also asked for the subjective impact of the pandemic on their MD thesis project (3 items). Moreover, information concerning the students’ current/future research (5 items) as well as their scientific output (8 items) were requested. The participants needed approximately 15 min to answer all questions of the survey.

Distribution and Study Cohorts

The survey was distributed via email to medical students and physicians either performing ( N  = 1949) or having performed ( N  = 1471) their medical studies and MD thesis at MFD and the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden from 2011 to 2022. Students and alumni of the MFD were assigned to either the control group or the intervention group. The intervention group included students who participated in the CPKD, either full or part time. Due to the fact that students could conduct research projects that were associated with the CPKD program, part-time participation in the program is possible. The control group, comprising students not enrolled in the CPKD program, conducts their MD thesis projects without the structured support provided by the CPKD program. This includes the absence of financial aid and dedicated scientific guidance from a program-associated scientific committee. Nevertheless, these students have access to scientific supervisors and pursue their research projects within the standard academic framework available to all medical students.

Participants and Data Protection

Only medical students and physicians who officially started conducting their thesis by registering their thesis at MFD were allowed to participate in the study. All study participants agreed to participation and to data protection. Questionnaire responses were saved and stored on servers of TU Dresden. This study follows the data privacy rules of the MFD as well as Technical University of Dresden. Considering the non-interventional, anonymized nature of the survey, our study was not subject to the conventional requirements for review and approval by an Institutional Review Committee for Human Use.

Data Treatment and Analysis

Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28 (IMB Corp, Armonk NY, USA). Continuous variables were summarized as mean values and standard deviations (SDs) or median and interquartile range. Discrete variables were summarized as absolute and relative frequencies. Depending on the data characteristics, the appropriate statistical test was utilized (independent samples Student’s t -test, chi-square test) to conduct between-group comparisons. In addition, the propensity score matching procedure was applied to match the study groups, once by age and once by the type of an experimental thesis. The between-group differences were assessed using the matched samples. A p -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Sample Characteristics

Out of 3420 preliminarily contacted potential participants, 440 could not be reached via email due to invalid email addresses, leaving a potential pool of 2980 subjects. A total of 370 responded and were included for further analyses (CPKD: N  = 60; ctrl: N  = 310; response rate, 12.4%). The average participant age was significantly lower in the CPKD compared to the control group (CPKD: 27 years vs. ctrl: 32 years; p  < 0.001). Regarding the distribution between male and female, no significant differences were observed between both groups (CPKD: 46.7% female vs. ctrl: 63.8% female; p  = 0.104). The majority of participants performed an experimental thesis, followed by clinical and theoretical thesis projects. Experimental thesis projects were significantly more often performed by CPKD students compared to the control group (CPKD: 96.7% vs. ctrl: 27.1%; p  < 0.001). In contrast, clinical thesis projects were significantly less often performed by students in the CPKD compared to the control group (CPKD: 5% vs. ctrl: 57.1%; p  < 0.001). There were no significant differences observed with respect to the professional career of parents working in medical fields or the educational background between both groups. Nevertheless, students in the CPKD group had significantly higher high school grade point average (HS-GPA; ranging from 1.0 = very good to 4.0 = sufficient) compared to the control group (CPKD: 1.33 vs. ctrl: 1.61; p  < 0.001). Additionally, the GPA for the first state examination (SE-GPA; ranging from 1.0 = very good to 4.0 = sufficient) was significantly higher in the CPKD group compared to the control (CPKD: 2.19 vs. ctrl: 2.54; p  < 0.001) (Table  1 ).

Impact on Students’ Satisfaction and Scientific Output

Throughout the conduct of their medical thesis, CPKD students had on average more supervisors compared to the control group (> 2 supervisors; CPKD: 30% vs. ctrl: 12.6%; p  < 0.001). Regarding students’ satisfaction with their supervisors, daily work during the thesis, and outcomes, there were no significant differences observed between both groups. The majority of CPKD students would conduct their thesis again (76.7%). However, participants of the program did not rate (1–10; 1 = not relevant; 10 = very relevant) the relevance of the MD thesis higher compared to the control group (CPKD: 5.93 vs. ctrl: 4.89; p  = 0.244) (Table  2 ).

CPKD students published on average more papers as first authors compared to the control group (CPKD: 0.62 vs. ctrl: 0.33; p  = 0.017), while the average number of co-author publications was not significantly different between both groups (CPKD: 0.8 vs. ctrl: 0.48; p  = 0.084). In addition, participants of the CPKD attended congresses significantly more often in comparison to the control group (CPKD: 68.3% vs. ctrl: 21.6%; p  < 0.001). They also achieved more recognition and gained significantly more awards for their scientific work compared to the control group (CPKD: 38.3% vs. ctrl: 4.2%; p  < 0.001) (Table  3 ).

The scientific output of CPKD students was further reflected when analyzing the results of their thesis. Therefore, we analyzed data, which had been archived by the faculty with respect to the individual thesis grades awarded to medical dissertation students between 2011 and 2022. The anonymized dataset revealed that the average thesis grade awarded differed significantly between participants of CPKD and control group (CPKD: 1.6 vs. ctrl: 2.3; p  < 0.0001, n 1 = 64, n 2 = 1679) (Table  3 ). Further, we analyzed the dataset with respect to individual thesis grades. The analysis of all three thesis types (experimental, clinical, and operative) showed that CPKD students significantly more often received the grade summa cum laude compared to the control group (CPKD: 41.8% vs. ctrl: 7.7%; p  = 0.0094). While the grade magna cum laude was not differing between both groups (CPKD: 57.4% vs. ctrl: 55.7%; p  = 0.85), CPKD students received significantly less often the grade cum laude (CPKD: 0.8% vs. ctrl: 35.7% ; p  = 0.0048 ) and rite (CPKD: 0% vs. ctrl: 1.3%; p  = 0.0161) (Supplementary Fig.  1 ).

Impact on Current Scientific Work

The last section of the questionnaire focused on the current conduct of scientific work. Half of the CPKD students stated that they are still conducting scientific projects. This is significantly more compared to students of the control group who are less engaged in ongoing research projects after finishing their thesis (CPKD: 50% vs. ctrl: 23.2%; p  < 0.001). In line with this, former participants of the CPKD group continue their scientific education significantly more often in Clinician Scientist Programs (CSPs) in contrast to participants of the control group (CPKD: 11.7% vs. ctrl: 2.6%; p  = 0.004). In addition, significantly more students of the CPKD group pursue a career as a clinician scientist (CS) compared to the control group (CPKD: 45% vs. ctrl: 10%; p  < 0.001). Interestingly, the number of publications, including first and co-author publications, after the conduct of their thesis, did not vary significantly between both groups (CPKD: 85% vs. ctrl: 83.2%; p  = 0.882) (Table  4 ).

Propensity Score Matched Analyses

The exploratory analysis of the CPKD and control groups identified a substantial imbalance in their distributions with respect to the conduct of experimental thesis and age, thus making these two variables potential confounders. In order to account for a confounding bias, we applied a propensity score method to match 60 participants of CPKD with two samples of 60 participants each from the control group [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. The first sample was obtained by using the experimental thesis as a matching variable, and the second one was selected based on age. The comparative statistical analyses were performed for each pair of samples separately and are summarized below.

The first matching was performed by the conduct of an experimental thesis. When comparing the propensity score matched groups, the mean age was significantly different between both groups (CPKD: 27 years vs. ctrl: 31 years; p  = 0.001). While no differences were observed concerning the students’ parental medical background and the educational background, the HS-GPA was differing significantly between the CPKD and the control group (CPKD: 1.33 vs. ctrl: 1.5; p  = 0.035). In contrast to the non-matched analysis, the SE-GPA was not different between both groups (CPKD: 2.19 vs. ctrl: 2.42; p  = 0.101). Regarding the number of supervisors, participants of the CPKD program had significantly more often two supervisors and more (CPKD: 30% vs. ctrl: 13.3%; p  = 0.006). There were no significant differences in terms of students’ satisfaction with the thesis project, their supervision, daily work, or outcomes of the project. Nevertheless, students would conduct their MD thesis again (CPKD: 76.7% vs. ctrl: 61.7%; p  = 0.114). Concerning the average number of publications, no differences were observed between both groups concerning first-author publications (CPKD: 0.62 vs. ctrl: 0.43; p  = 0.389) and co-author publications (CPKD: 0.8 vs. ctrl: 0.48; p  = 0.203). Congresses were significantly more often attended by CPKD students compared to students of the control group (CPKD: 68.3% vs. ctrl: 33.3%; p  < 0.001). Moreover, students of the CPKD group gained on average significantly more rewards compared to students not participating in the program (CPKD: 38.3% vs. ctrl: 10%; p  = 0.001). When analyzing the students’ current scientific work, participants of the CPKD program more often state that they currently work on scientific projects compared to students from the control group (CPKD: 50% vs. ctrl: 18.3%; p  = 0.001). Concerning their future scientific career as a clinician scientist, significantly more CPKD students pursued to participate in CSPs (CPKD: 45% vs. ctrl: 20%; p  = 0.006). However, the number of students/physicians who already participate in a CSP is not differing between both groups. Similarly, also the average number of publications after the conduct of the MD thesis is not different between the CPKD and the control group (Table  5 ).

To exclude bias that was introduced by the significant difference of age between the CPKD and the control group being found not only in the general analysis (CPKD: 27 years vs. ctrl: 32 years; p  < 0.001) but also in the first propensity score matched analysis (CPKD: 27 years vs. ctrl: 31 years; p  = 0.001), another matching based on age was conducted. While no differences were observed concerning the students’ parental medical background and the educational background, the SE-GPA was differing significantly between the CPKD and the control group (CPKD: 2.19 vs. ctrl: 2.5; p  = 0.02). In contrast to the non-matched and first matched analyses, the HS-GPA was not different between both groups (CPKD: 1.33 vs. ctrl: 1.41; p  = 0.258). In line with first matching, the number of supervisors as indicated by more than two supervisors per project was significantly higher for participants of the CPKD program compared to the control group (CPKD: 30% vs. ctrl: 10%; p  < 0.001). Similarly, there were no significant differences in terms of students’ satisfaction with the thesis project, their supervision, daily work, or outcomes of the project. Nevertheless, students would conduct their MD thesis again (CPKD: 76.7% vs. ctrl: 63.3%; p  = 0.163). Concerning the average number of publications, no differences were observed between both groups concerning first-author publications (CPKD: 0.62 vs. ctrl: 0.37; p  = 0.245) and co-author publications (CPKD: 0.8 vs. ctrl: 0.45; p  = 0.163). Congresses were significantly more often attended by CPKD students compared to students of the control group (CPKD: 68.3% vs. ctrl: 23.3%; p  < 0.001). Moreover, students of the CPKD group gained on average significantly more rewards compared to students not participating in the program (CPKD: 38.3% vs. ctrl: 5%; p  < 0.001). In contrast to the first matching, participants of the CPKD program did not reveal to conduct more often current scientific projects compared to students from the control group (CPKD: 50% vs. ctrl: 33.3%; p  = 0.096). However, concerning their future scientific career as a clinician scientist, significantly more CPKD students pursued to participate in CSPs (CPKD: 45% vs. ctrl: 13.3%; p  < 0.001). In line with the first matching, the number of students/physicians who already participate in a CSP is not differing between both groups. Similarly, also the average number of publications after the conduct of the MD thesis is not different between the CPKD and the control group (Table  6 ).

Concerning the pursuit of CSPs the matched analysis showed that participants in CPKD group would five times more likely pursue a scientific carrier than participants in the control group (unadjusted odds ratio: 5.24, 95% CI [2.02, 15.03], p  = 0.0002) (Table 7 ). This estimate did not take into account any other information. Adjusted estimates can be obtained from logistic regression. Logistic regression revealed that participants in CPKD group would 4.6 times more likely pursue a scientific carrier than participants in control group of the same age, HS-GPA, and SE-GPA (adjusted odds ratio: 4.605, 95% CI [1.78, 11.912], p  = 0.002) (Table  8 ).

During the course of their studies, more than half of German medical students conduct a doctoral thesis [ 10 ]. However, the scientific education received during the conduct of the doctoral thesis, supervision and quality of the work vary widely and greatly influence final results [ 28 ]. In order to improve the quality of the medical doctoral thesis, structured programs such as the CPKD have been developed. However, evidence concerning the impact of structured MD thesis programs on the conduct of the doctoral thesis is still lacking. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the impact of a structured MD thesis program on the example of the MFD.

In this study, the impact of the CPKD was assessed by an online survey. The survey was sent to students who participated in the CPKD program as well as students who conducted their thesis independently of a structured program. In total, we contacted 3420 students or alumni of the MFD via email, of whom 370 filled in the questionnaire. The low response rate might be a result of switching institutions and inactivating email addresses. Furthermore, students might not be interested in the topic of their medical thesis anymore. In addition, the length and time to completion of our questionnaire might not be feasible for medical professionals. This might lead to an overrepresentation of current and in general more junior researchers in this study.

Our survey showed that the CPKD program had a positive impact on the sustainable integration of the students into the field of research based on current scientific projects and the pursuit of CSPs (Table  4 ). In contrast to other studies [ 29 , 30 ], our study showed that participation in a structured thesis program inspires students to pursue a career as a clinician scientist by taking part in CSPs. While Pfeiffer et al. only investigated the motivation of participants of a structured thesis program [ 29 ], Claudia et al. also indirectly assessed the students’ career perspective by analyzing the participants’ pursuit of the “habilitation” [ 30 ]. CSPs do not only offer support in pursuing the next scientific career step, such as the “habilitation”, but also rather focus on continuous scientific growth and development of researchers [ 31 ].

In addition, our study revealed that a structured thesis program such as the CPKD affects the outcome of the doctoral thesis by increasing the attendance of congresses as well as the number of received research awards. A study conducted by Pfeiffer et al. showed that students participating in a doctoral thesis program have a higher intrinsic motivation compared to students who conduct their thesis independently from such a program [ 29 ]. In our study, this effect could have also influenced the results. However, it is also likely that participants in the CPKD were more often informed about possible congress attendance and application for research prizes. Due to the nature of self-application and the following selection process of the program, more intrinsically motivated students could have been included into the CPKD group. In line with this, the participants of the CPKD group were significantly younger and revealed a significantly better HS-GPA compared to the diverse and heterogeneous population of the control group.

CPKD students had a significantly higher number of supervisors compared to students not participating in such a program. This is due to the nature of the CPKD, assigning at least three supervisors per project within a thesis advisory committee (TAC) to allow different views and scientific rigor. Although the number of supervisors was significantly higher in the CPKD group, the mean number of supervisors differed from the prescribed number of three supervisors. This discrepancy could result from a misunderstanding of the question in the questionnaire because the term supervisor was not further specified. Therefore, we checked the protocols of all CPKD students who finished their thesis for their number of supervisors as they needed to record their TAC project meetings and name their TAC supervisors. Our investigations revealed that almost all CPKD students recorded three TAC supervisors indicating that the participants of the survey only recorded their daily supervisors and not the three TAC supervisors. Due to the impact of the CPKD program on the scientific output (Table  3 ) and the thesis results (Supplementary Fig.  1 ) changes in the guidelines for doctoral thesis occurred at the MFD. Recently, the number of supervisors changed for all students to be at least two. Interestingly, students’ satisfaction concerning their supervision, daily work during the thesis, and outcome were not significantly different between both groups. This could be due to a generally high acceptance of supervision by students at the MFD. Otherwise, it could imply that more than two supervisors do not automatically improve the students’ satisfaction concerning the supervision. However, a study conducted by Kuhnigk et al. showed that supervision is essential for the outcome of the thesis [ 32 ]. In general, students rated their satisfaction with supervision, daily work, and outcome quite favorable (Table  2 ). Importantly, the majority of students would also conduct their thesis again, attesting to the strength of scientific education and research of the MFD (Table  2 ).

Students of the CPKD program stated that participating in the program was beneficial for their scientific education. In line with this, other established graduate schools, for example in Frankfurt, have also shown to benefit student scientific education and were rated positively by students [ 33 ]. Students of similar programs at other universities did also significantly more often turn towards a research career [ 30 ]. Thus, our study supports the notion that early students’ participation in structured doctoral programs enhances the likelihood for pursuing clinician scientist programs later on. In line with this, students of the CPKD showed significantly higher continuation of scientific projects and currently perform research work. Additionally, participation in a structured thesis program was shown to favor a higher number of publications as well as in a higher impact factor of the published articles [ 34 ]. This was also indicated by our general analysis. Most strikingly, students of the CPKD achieved more rewards which may also attest to a higher scientific quality of their work.

Due to the selection process of the CPKD, genuine differences are observed between the CPKD and the control group in terms of age, HS-GPA, and SE-GPA. Therefore, we cannot exclude that the CPKD attracts a different type of students compared to the unstructured thesis leading to differences between both groups in the general analysis. The best way to reduce the bias that may have been induced by the selection of the participants of the CPKD was to conduct the propensity score matching. After matching, the SE-GPA was not differing anymore but the SE-GPA and the age were still different between both groups. Considering the propensity score matched analysis, most of the trends observed in the general analysis could be validated. However, some results such as the impact on the number of publications were not evident anymore. Due to differences concerning HS-GPA, SE-GPA, and age between the CPKD and the control group, even after matching based on the experimental type of thesis, we cannot rule out that the CPKD attracts a different type of students compared to the control group of unstructured MD thesis programs. To further reduce the potential bias induced by age differences, matching was conducted based on participant age. Even in the second matching, differences between both groups concerning SE-GPA were observed indicating that we could not completely remove the bias that was introduced by the participant selection for the CPKD. Therefore, a logistic regression analysis was conducted showing that participants of the CPKD would rather pursue a scientific career indicated by participating in a CSP. The adjusted odds ratio of 4.6 for the group comparison was statistically highly significant.

In contrast, this analysis also showed that neither participant age nor the results of HS-GPA and SE-GPA had a significant impact on the likelihood for participation in a clinician scientist program (Table  8 ). Although logistic regression was not performed for every item, we can conclude that programs such as the CPKD can beneficially support this selected intrinsically motivated subgroup of MD students and serve as an adjuvant support during the conduct of the thesis.

We can only assess the potential of a structured thesis program for the conduct of an experimental thesis based on our propensity score matched analysis. However, it is likely that such relationships could be also present in the context of statistical or clinical thesis projects. The investigation of these thesis types was out of the scope of this study. Consequently, additional research is needed, taking into account other types of doctoral thesis projects as they reveal individual challenges, in order to comprehensively evaluate the effects of structured thesis programs on the outcome of the doctoral thesis. In addition, structured thesis programs should be compared and evaluated on a nationwide basis with the aim of continuous improvement.

In our survey we did not request information from participants on their thesis grade. However, after we had completed the analysis of the survey and found significant differences of outcome parameters between the study groups (Tables  3 and 4 ), we became interested in the outcomes of the dissertation procedures as an additional outcome parameter. Data archived by the faculty with respect to the individual thesis grades awarded to medical dissertation students between 2011 and 2022 showed that the average thesis grade awarded differed significantly between participants of CPKD and control group (1.6 vs. 2.3; p  < 0.0001, n 1  = 64, n 2  = 1679). Further, we analyzed the dataset with respect to individual thesis grades (Supplementary Fig.  1 ). These results comprehensively document a superior outcome with respect to thesis grades for the student group affiliated with the structured thesis program. We acknowledge that this does not reveal a causal relationship, but it points to a strong association, which would require further studies to better understand causal factors.

Strength and Limitations

This study compared students in the structured thesis program of the CPKD to those conducting their thesis without such support at MFD using a non-validated survey. The study was a retrospective cohort and propensity score matched analysis. The retrospective aspect as well as the missing validation of the survey is limiting our ability to draw robust causal conclusions. Through the office of academic affairs, we contacted 3420 students, of whom 370 participated in our study. In 440 cases, the email addresses were invalid due to a switch of workplace. In addition, the groups differed significantly regarding age and this might have biased the responses. This difference probably occurred due to the large number of participants still conducting medical studies who have been in the CPKD compared to the control group with many participants who already concluded their studies. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the chosen type of medical thesis between both groups. The respective bias could be reduced, but not completely excluded, by introducing propensity score matched analyses. Due to the aim of the CPKD program, experimental, laboratory thesis projects were in the focus of the analysis.

However, the majority of students at MFD are conducting a clinical thesis rather than an experimental one. Therefore, our results may be biased toward the subgroup of experimental studies and it is unclear whether our findings may be generalized for clinical or theoretical thesis projects. Finally, we did evaluate one medical doctoral program in Germany. In future, it would be of interest to analyze results from different sites in a standardized manner.

Our study revealed that structured MD thesis programs such as the CPKD significantly correlate with the students’ objective outcome of the MD thesis and help to inspire students to choose the track of academia. In general, based on our results, an MD thesis should be performed within structured programs. This leads to more achievements during the course of the thesis. More importantly, it supports medical students’ development in urgently needed clinician scientists to be able to perform high-level patient care and also excellent research. By elucidating the influence of structured thesis programs on the conduct of the doctoral thesis, this study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the further improvement of existing programs. Regarding the number of medical students per study year and the small fraction participating in the structured dissertation program at the MFD, we emphasize enlargement of the existing program and/or implementation of additional graduation programs. Ideally, such programs should address experimental, clinical, and statistical research likewise. Based on the results obtained in this study, we call for further efforts to strengthen research opportunities in German medical schools to develop internationally competitive medically qualified researchers who drive change and overcome the arising challenges in the field of medicine and beyond. The query posed by our title, “Do we need more structured MD thesis programs?” in our opinion, can be emphatically answered in the affirmative.

Data Availability

Further data can be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. The EKPK Dresden was funded from 2011 to 2017 by the Else-Kröner Fresenius Foundation (project ID: 060_3806). From 2017 on the CPKD received intramural support by the Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of the TU Dresden. The funding supports are greatly appreciated.

Author information

Jean-Paul Bereuter and Mark Enrik Geissler contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany

Jean-Paul Bereuter, Mark Enrik Geissler & Rona Geissler

Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Anna Klimova

Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Corina Oswald & Andreas Deußen

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Ali El-Armouche & Katja El-Armouche

Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Lydia Günther

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jean-Paul Bereuter, Mark Enrik Geissler, Corina Oswald, Anna Klimova, and Andreas Deußen. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jean-Paul Bereuter and Mark Enrik Geissler and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Bereuter, JP., Geissler, M.E., Klimova, A. et al. Do We Need More Structured MD Thesis Programs? A Propensity Score Matched Analysis of the Research Program at the Medical Faculty Dresden. Med.Sci.Educ. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-024-02077-x

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-024-02077-x

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• Indian J Psychiatry
• v.60(1); Jan-Mar 2018

A pilot study of MD (psychiatry) theses-based research

Shrikant srivastava.

Department of Geriatric Mental Health, KG Medical University UP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Vivek Agarwal

1 Department of Psychiatry, KG Medical University UP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Alka Subramanyam

2 Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Mona Srivastava

3 Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao

4 Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India

G. Prasad Rao

5 Consultant Psychiatrist, Asha Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Hitesh Khurana

6 Pandit BD Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India

Archana Singh

Introduction:.

Undertaking a research project is mandatory for MD Psychiatry trainees. The present study was undertaken to assess the type of research activity being undertaken as part of MD Psychiatry dissertation, and its contribution to national and international literature.

Materials and Methods:

Three medical colleges supplied the data about the topic, names of the supervisor and the candidate, collaboration, funding accrued, and publication details of MD-based research carried out between years 2000 and 2010 inclusive; 95 records were collected for the final analysis. The details of the publications provided were cross-checked on the internet, which would have taken care of missed publications as well.

Most studies were single-point assessment clinical studies. Only 2 studies had been funded, 11 had collaboration with other departments within the same institute, and 5 had inter-institute collaborations. Majority of the studies were not published. Only 30 were published as full paper and 9 as abstracts. Of these 30 full publications, only 3 were published in journals having JCI impact factor values (1.4, 1.3, and 1.4, respectively).

Conclusions:

The main finding of this pilot study was that MD-based research has low contribution to the national and international literature, and those articles which are published are in low impact journals. Suggestions for modifying this state of affairs are discussed.

INTRODUCTION

Research training is mandated by the Medical Council of India (MCI) for every MD/MS and DM/MCh programs in the country. This provision has been instituted so as to provide a holistic training to postgraduate students. Research training is important not only for those aspiring for, or having academic jobs, but for clinicians as well to enable them to interpret new research findings, and thus improve the clinical practice.[ 1 ] For academicians, the recent MCI guidelines have laid emphasis on good quality research which can be published in indexed journals.

At present, there are 485 MD Psychiatry places in 177 medical institutions,[ 2 ] which implies that there is this number of research projects being undertaken each year. As a conservative approach, assuming that every candidate spends 1 hour per day on work related to the thesis (formulating the protocol, assessing patients, analysis of the data, and writing the thesis), then, there are 177,025 person-hours being spent on research every year; this figure does not take into account the time spent by the chief guide or other co-investigators, or the patient-hours. As a substantial amount of time and resource are being spent on MD-based research, in theory, the output from it should be substantial. The current pilot study describes the basic aspects of MD-based research and its contribution to the Indian literature.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was cleared by the Institutional Ethics Committee of KG Medical University, Lucknow.

As a pilot study, 5 Government owned medical institutions were selected for the survey. These were located at Lucknow, Varanasi, Rohtak, Mumbai, and Patna. The collaborators at these institutions agreed and contributed equally to the design of the study. Patna and Rohtak centers, at a later date, could not collate their respective data, and thus, the findings are limited to the information from the remaining centers.

The participating centers were requested to send information about MD theses completed between years 2001 and 2010, and details of publications until the end of the year 2015. The 5 years from 2010 to 2015 ought to be sufficient for any research to be published considering that publication in a journal can be a long-winded process, and sometimes can take as much as a couple of years.

A recording pro forma was developed specifically for the study and included the date of passing MD examination, the title of the study, names of the candidate and chief guide, and details of publication arising from this work. A copy of the pro forma is available from the author (SS) on request.

Data collation and checking

All the data at the respective centers were collated on a spreadsheet, which was then merged to form a single master chart, where all the records were allocated a unique ID.

From the title of the study, the following information was extracted: Type of the study, the primary psychiatric disorder being investigated, and subspecialty of psychiatry (e.g., Children and Adolescent, General Adult, Geriatric or Addiction Psychiatry, or nonpsychiatrically ill population). This data were independently filled by the collaborators for their respective centers.

The individual publications were searched (by AS) on Google Scholar (December 2016) for the accuracy of the data provided, and to fill in any gaps in the records provided from the centers. If both the abstract of the conference proceedings and full paper were published in different years, then the year of full publication was considered. The home web page of respective journals was checked for indexing status.

The analysis of 94 records has been presented as one student did not complete the MD program, and the record was excluded from the study.

The majority of the studies were undertaken mostly in the adult population ( n = 65), and with lesser frequency in children and adolescents ( n = 17) and geriatric ( n = 11) populations; 1 study compared depression in adult and geriatric populations.

Ethical clearance was sought for all studies at centers 2 and 3, while only for 11% studies at center 1. This appears to be a procedural artifact as at center 1, all the submitted theses protocols are scrutinized by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and a formal application is not required for the same.

Research-oriented diagnostic criteria (International Statistical Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]-DCR = 11, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV [DSM-IV]/DSM-IV text revision = 56) was used in 67 studies, ICD10 clinical criteria in 19 studies, while another 2 used criteria specific to the research question (Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders Association, and American Rheumatology Association criteria); 7 studies did not use any standardized diagnostic criteria. Only 3 studies had funding support (intramural = 2 and extramural = 1). Except for 3 (collaboration with other departments within the same institute ( n = 2) or with other institutes ( n = 1), all other were solo studies.

Most studies were clinic-based evaluations ( n = 75), while others related to neuroimaging ( n = 9), drug trial ( n = 4), nonpharmacological trial ( n = 3), and laboratory measures (metabolic syndrome n = 2 and thyroid functions n = 1).

Out of 95 completed theses, only 32% were published as full papers [ Table 1 ]. The average time duration between completion of the thesis and publication was 4 ± 2.8 (range 0–11) years, thus signifying that in the majority of cases, publication followed completion of the MD degree. Six publications were in journals with JCR Impact Factor; the full texts and abstracts had average impact factors of 1.406 and 4.054, respectively [ Table 2 ].

General characteristics of studies

List of Publications

The aim of this pilot study was to have an overview of the research being undertaken as a thesis for MD degree. The centers chosen for the study were not randomly selected, but on the consent of the collaborators, and there was no intention to compare the centers with each other. The main limitations of the study are retrospective collection of quantitative data, inability to evaluate the methodology of the studies (owing to workforce constraints) and the inclusion of a limited number of centers. The data indicate that most of the MD-based research are clinic-based one-point assessments, are without collaborations, are unfunded, and only a small proportion of this research is published in either non-indexed journals or in those with very low impact factors.

Time constraint – either due to personal or professional reasons, is often the most cited reason toward nonpublication. Personal inclination toward research is also a strong motivating factor; hence, the lack of it can lead to the research being placed at the “bottom of the drawer.” In the experience of the authors, a minority of MD students will write up the research for external publication before the MD examination. Following completion of the MD tenure, most students move out of the host institution – either as Senior Residents or in private setups, and therefore have little motivation to publish their work. The low motivation of the supervisor(s) in getting the research published, or the quality of the research work is such that it is not accepted by journals, may also contribute to the low publication rate.

A possible reason for not publishing the research work can be attributed to the mixture of academic and clinical training requisite for MD degree. The 3 years of MD is focused on clinical training, and research is a small but mandatory part of it. This is in contrast to the system in the UK and Europe (the first author has first-hand knowledge of the system has worked in the UK for a substantial time). In the UK and Europe, 6 years of clinical training (3 years of basic training + 3 years of specialist training) in Psychiatry is required to practice as a Specialist/Consultant. This training is supervised by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and a Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT) awarded at the end of the 6-year period, and the candidate can take employment with a hospital delivering clinical care only. Importantly, there is no mandatory requirement for undertaking original research. Those candidates, who are interested in an academic career, undertake an MD or PhD degree alongside the final 3 years of specialist training. The degree is supervised by a faculty member at a university department of psychiatry, and the candidates spend about 2 or 3 days per week undertaking research only. After completion of CCT and MD/PhD, the candidate is then eligible to take a faculty appointment. In contrast to the Indian system, in the UK, research is part of specialist training only for those who are interested in taking an academic career.

Whatever the reasons for nonpublication in India may be, the consequence is that the research work is unknown to others. Thus, it is possible that the index work is a replication, without it being known as such, of other research carried out in the past. It is equally probable that the index work may be replicated by another set of investigators at a future date. This also hinders discovery of new information, as the index investigators are not able to correct the deficiencies of the previous work. The practice of nonpublication is also unethical from the perspective of patients who have donated their time and is a waste of person-hours spent in collecting, collating data and analyzing data on the part of the student. It can be argued that undertaking thesis work is practice in research methodology and writing. However, if such methodology or writing is not subject to external review, then poor practices will propagate and multiply unchecked.

Thus, the findings from the present audit demand that a similar wider survey should be undertaken to encompass all specialist and super-specialist programs in the country. If the trend of the findings is similar to the present work, then the onus should be on the curriculum making body - MCI, either to drastically revise its guidance on mandatory research for postgraduate programs or abolish it all together. However, if MCI with its usual energy and competence fails to undertake nationwide survey, then specialty specific societies should commission such a survey. The MCI amendment of July 2017 (Section 13.9) has incorporated that at least 1 research paper should be published or sent/accepted for publication before the candidate can appear in the examination.[ 3 ]

At an individual level, the supervisors should take the responsibility for motivating the candidate to publish the work, and in fact, should play an active, rather than being passive, part in the manuscript preparation. DM/MCh students have the option of not writing a thesis, but publish two papers - either original research or review articles, in an indexed journal. Another option for MD candidates can be to undertake a detailed audit of the clinical practice(s) in their respective unit, rather than a formal research project. An audit will highlight common practice(s) in the unit, and the faculty members can take advantage of the findings for better patient care.

In the meanwhile, individual institutions, in the present age of electronic media, should start a repository to store the raw data and written thesis work and this repository should be freely available for searching on the internet. However, such open repositories are a minefield of intellectual property infringement, hence proper safeguard procedures should be incorporated from the very outset. As many universities in the West are using dissertation repositories, the guidelines for instituting the same should be easily available, without the need for “re-inventing the wheel.”

Majority of MD thesis based research is unpublished, and the remaining are published in journals which are either not indexed or have a low impact factor. Recalcitrance towards publication and/or poor quality methodology are probably responsible for low number of publications. The guidelines for the same need to be extensively revised by MCI, or this should not be part of MD curriculum.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

Home > MAHE Student Work > KMCMLR

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2021 2021.

“The Impact of Self-Stigma of Seeking Help and Perceived Social Support on Burnout among Clinical Psychologists” , Aavrita A

The impact of self-stigma of seeking help &percieved social support on burnout among clinical psychologists. , Aavrita .

Immediate Effects of Novel Hand Rehabilitation Board on Fine Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy. , Romita Fernandes. Abraham

"COMPARISON OF THREE SCORING CRITERIA TO ASSESS RECOVERY FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN THE POST-ANAESTHESIA CARE UNIT- A LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY " , Shagun Aggarwal

Comparative predictive validity of Alberta Infant Motor Scale and Infant Neurological International Battery in Low Birth Weight Infants- A Prospective Longitudinal Study. , Polisetti Siva Sai Anand

Antagonistic Asynchrony in Muscle Recruitment Pattern of Forward Reach Movement In Children With Cerebral Palsy. , Sanya Anklesaria

Muscle fatigue response of rotator cuff muscles in sitting and standing postures , Lisanne Aranha

Effectiveness of static weight bearing versus modified constraint induced movement therapy on improving hand function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy- A Randomized Clinical Trial. , Ruth Bavighar

How informed are our patients about generic medicines? – A study from coastal South India , Darshan BB

Morphological variants of the human spleen, a cadaveric study , Murlimanju BV

Association between cervical breast cancer and Diabtetes mellitus among women seeking health care in tertiary hospitals od south India: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Carcinoma Breast in among Women with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Perception of Empathy among medical students: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

CLINICOMYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA , Adyashree Dalai

Study of outcome of Ponseti technique of management for idiopathic clubfoot in a tertiary center in south India , Lulu Damsas

Comparative study of emotional labour &burnout on life satisfaction among school teachers across different educational settings , Meghana Dharampalan

“Comparative Study of Emotional Labor and Burnout on Life Satisfaction Among School Teachers Across Different Educational Settings” , Meghana V. Dharmapalan

“Relationship Between Sexual Fantasy, Sexual Communication, Personality Traits and Sexual Satisfaction in Married Individuals” , Rhea Dhir

Comparing the efficacy of USG guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with or without intercostobrachial nerve block for forearm surgeries – an observational study , DIKSHA D’MELLO

Does Quality of Sitting influence Functional Mobility in Cerebral Palsy? A cross-sectional study , Kaiorisa N. Doctor

Factors effecting gait velocity in osteoarthritis knee-An observational study. , Lisha Gretal D’silva

Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, Quality Of Life And Length Of Stay in individuals undergoing Cardiac Surgery , Fiona Verdine Dsouza

Relationship of Academic Resilience with Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Social Support; Among Civil Service Aspirants , Neha Eldho

EFFICACY, FEASIBILITY, AND SAFETY OF PERCUTANEOUS IMAGE-GUIDED CATHETER DRAINAGE OF THORACIC, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC FLUID COLLECTION , Aishwarya Gadwal

Comparison of efficacy of two different bolus doses of norepinephrine as prophylac-tic to prevent post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section , PRANATHI GARAPATI

Trends in Frailty and its Associated factors in Community Dwelling Elderly Indian Population during COVID-19 Pandemic- A Prospective Analytical Study , Karan Gautam

Speech Sound acquisition in some south Indian Dravidian languages: A systematic review , Jesica George

Comparison of Femoral nerve block with Dexmedetomidine and Adductor canal block with Dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty . , NEHA GEORGE

Assessment Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Patients With Osteoarthritis Knee , Sagar Goel

Effectiveness of Intermittent Cervical Traction with and without Neural Mobilization in Discogenic Cervical Radiculopathy , Aditi Goyal

Study of maternal and cord blood vitamin B12 levels with anthropometry in term neonates born to normal and malnourished mothers: a hospital based cross sectional study , Sugapradha a. GR

Development of a Questionnaire to Determine the Intervention and Service Delivery Practices of Speech-Language Pathologists for Children with Speech Sound Disorders in India , Shaily Gupta

Relationship between Physical Activity, Objective Sleep Parameters and Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer receiving Chemoradiotherapy- A Longitudinal Study , Rachita Gururaj

“Emotional Contagion, Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Among Nurses” , Saumya Hariharan

Assessment of knowledge and belief about stuttering among undergraduate medical students , Anushree Harihar

Association of serum lipid levels and other systemic risk factors with retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients. , Harshita Mukesh Hiran

Assessment of risk of Diabetes Mellitus by using Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Housekeeping staff , Ramesh Holla

“Emotional Intelligence, Self-compassion, and Life-Satisfaction In Clinical Psychologists” , Vania Jacob

UPPER-CROSSED SYNDROME AND DISABILITY IN SHOULDER ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS. , Aishwarya Jaideep

Study to assess the role of doppler ultrasound in evaluation of arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula and the complications of hemodialysis access , Ishank Jain

Relationship between burnout compassion fatigue, work environment & mindfulness in medical residents , Pranay Javeri

“Relationship Between Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Work Environment and Mindfulness in Medical Residents” , Pranay Harichandra Javeri

“Dating Anxiety in Emerging Adults” , Jisha V. Jayaprakash

“Relationship Between Tolerance for Disagreement and Mindfulness in Married Males and Married Females” , Jahnavi Jha

Antibiotic usage and susceptibility patterns in Uncomplicated UTI in a Tertiary Hospital in South India , Christy John

Association of bed rise difficulty scale with trunk impairment and functional scales among stroke patients , Leena G. John

Is there a correlation between Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Centre of Pressure Excursion measured through Dual Axis Static Force Plate™ to assess Balance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing? , Niharika Joshi

Comparison of Sensory Processing Responses in Cerebral Palsy Subtypes and Typically Developing Children (7-36 months): A Cross Sectional Study. , Archana Antony K

‘A study on the Role of Learned Helplessness, Selfefficacy and Perceived Social Support in Determining Resilience in Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ , Benaisha Khurshed Katrak

A study of correlation of maternal serum zinc levels with breast milk and cord blood of late preterm neonates , Rashmi Katti

Correlation of histopathology and direct immunofluorescence findings in clinically diagnosed prurigo nodularis , Haritha K

Difference in proximal femur loading due to muscle activity during partial weight bearing and NWB standing- A cross-sectional study. , Smital Kshirsagar

Effect of Sesamol on neurobiochemical changes in diet induced (DIO) obesity model of Zebra fish (Danio rerio) , Rashmii K.S.

Importance of integration of medical ethics with undergraduate medical curriculum- Instructors and student’s perspectives. , Rashmii K.S.

Long-term potentiation (LTP): A simple yet powerful cellular process in learning and memory , Rashmii K.S.

Parkinson's Disease Overview: Alternative Potential Curcumin Treatment, Current Treatment and Prevalence Among Ethnic Groups , Rashmii K.S.

Smart brain of India vs. tricky drugs , Rashmii K.S.

The Role of Professionalism and Ethics Training: Instructor’s and Student’s perspectives in a medical College , Rashmii K.S.

Violence Against Doctors: A Qualitative Study On This Rising Predicament , Rashmii K.S.

Morphometric study of the gracilis muscle and its pedicles , Chettiar Ganesh Kumar

Comparative study of bed side tests to assess difficult airway in paediatric patients , S.Abinandha Kumar

Euphorbia thymifolia (Linn.)- A review on ethno pharmacological properties , Vasavi Kumblekar

COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS THE USE OF SUNSCREEN IN DAILY LIFE BETWEEN FIRST -AND THIRD -YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS , Aarushi Lall

‘Feminist Identity, Socio-cultural Attitude Towards Appearance, and Body Images issues in Emerging Adult Women’ , Sheena Lonappan

A novel approach to quantify the Dynamic Windlass Mechanism , Ishita Mahajan

METFORMIN VERSUS INSULIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES , Varikuti Manogna

Cognitive abilities among employed and unemployed middle-aged women – a systematic review , Aswini M

‘Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being Among Nurses’ , Chetna M

RELATIONSHIP OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN(CAD)-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR FACIAL DYSFUNCTION WITH FACIAL GRADING SYSTEMS FOR BELL’S PALSY: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY , Ankita Mehendale

“Effect of Sensation Seeking and Anxious Traits on Suicidal Ideation Among Adults by Birth Order” , Haripriya G. M

Clinical & radiological assessment of intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFN A2 , Harish M

Effect of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on respiratory function, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Vaibhavi Mhatre

Profiling Communication Characteristics of Individuals with Acquired Neuro-communication Disorder in a Tertiary Care Setup , Nikita Subudhi M

Relationship between weight bearing symmetry, trunk control and fear of fall amongst subjects with stroke: A cross sectional study , VIVIAN NEHAL MONIS

Lower extremity muscle recruitment pattern during sit to stand transfer in children with cerebral palsy as compared to typically developing children- a cross sectional study. , Kiran P. Nadgauda

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Indian classical singers towards vocal healthcare , Raveena Muralidharan Nair

"Perspectives of Indian Speech Language Pathologists on Adolescent Language Assessment" , Rohana Muralidharan Nair

Effect Of Yoga On Perceived Stress And Pulmonary Function In High Stressed Postmenopausal Women , Vinodini NA

Refractory errors, blood groups & diabetes mellitus: A corrleative study in south Indian population , Vinodini NA

Comparison of Functional outcomes for displaced extra-articular distal radius fractures managed by Conservative versus Operative methods: A Prospective cohort study , Muhammed Ehsan Nazeer

COMPARATIVE STUDYOF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VAPOCOOLANT SPRAY VERSUS EMLA®® CREAM IN REDUCING PAIN DURING INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION IN ADULT POPULATION , Sisla Nazer P

Assessment of attitude among public towards stuttering in a coastal city of Southern Karnataka , Prithvi N

"Severity assessment of acute pancreatitis using ct severity index and modified ct severity index: association with clinical outcomes and ranson’s criteria. " , GEETANJALI PARMAR

“The Effect of Culture Shock on Adjustment and Psychological Wellbeing Among College Going Students” , Akanksha Patra

‘Effect of Religiosity on Attitude Towards Euthanasia in Medical Students’ , Sumedha Pawar

Development Of A Questionnaire To Determine The Clinical Assessment Practices Of Speech-Language Pathologists For Children With Speech Sound Disorders In India , Prasila Elsa Philip

Correlation of oxidised LDL with oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in subjects with elevated LDL levels , Pooja p

Association of emotional intelligence of primigravida mothers with breastfeeding self efficacy in the early postpartum period and exclusive breastfeeding rates up to 6 months. , Priyanka Reddy p

Morphometric study of the Sartorius muscle and its vascular pedicles , M.D. Prameela

Comparison of the analgesic duration using ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve block between diabetics with neuropathy and non-diabetics without neuropathy , GANESH PRASAD

Early follicular and Mid-luteal phase associated changes in Lower extremity Muscle strength , length and Agility in amateur female athletes – a Prospective Analytical study , Vishnu Priya

Assessment of mobile device based educational intervention on breastfeeding technique in multigravida mothers and its effect on early infant feeding pattern- A randomized controlled trial. , Keerthi Raj

THERMAL ULTRASOUND, MANIPULATION AND EXERCISE ON PAIN AND MOUTH OPENING IN CHRONIC TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER: A CASE REPORT , Suchita S. Rao

Correlation of Histopathology and Direct Immunofluorescence: Findings in clinically diagnosed Prurigo nodularis in a Tertiary care hospital , Haritha Reddy

EFFECT OF POSITIONING ON THE PAIN RESPONSE OF INFANTS VACCINATED WITH IPV AND PENTAVALENT (dtwp-HEPATITIS B-HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA B) VACCINES , Sontosh Reddy

Assessment of the acceptable length of Right internal jugular central venous catheters. , Nivedhitha R

PRELEVANCE OF WORK RELATED DERMATOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN COVID-19 ERA , Rana R

COMPARISON OF TWO ROUTINE FACIAL EXERCISE PROTCOLS FOR BELL’S PALSY- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL , Stephanie Santiago

Profiling selected speech characteristics in individuals with Chronic Cough , Nawal Palakkal Sathar

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MD Thesis in the Faculty of Medicine website   Terms

The Faculty of Medicine allows every medical student to receive  up to 4 hours of statistical assistance in their final thesis free of charge, and the statistical consultation is intended mainly to assist in the planning and submission of the research proposal. For assistance please fill in the application form for statistical assistance (see page 7 in the terms) and send it to [email protected] attached with a research proposal and sample data in Excel.

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MD in a Nutshell

Registration period.

An MD degree is a research degree carried out over 6 trimesters (2 years) full time or 12 trimesters (4 years) part time. Students who do not complete the requirements for the MD degree within these timelines must apply for permission to continue.

Supervision & Support

The Clinical Research Degree Committee will assign each MD student:

• A Principal Supervisor, who has primary responsibility for your academic supervision. There may also be a Co-Supervisor, if appropriate, who supports the Principal Supervisor 
• A Research Studies Panel (RSP) which provides advice, monitors your progress and supports the student-supervisor relationship. The RSP should be assigned to you within the first trimester of your registration and meet at least twice in the first year and at least once a year thereafter. 

Programme Requirements

Every MD student must:

• Carry out doctoral level research which is written up in a thesis which contain materials of a standard and form appropriate for peer-reviewed publication. 
• Complete Research Integrity training while registered to the programme. There is an online course that you can take which will meet this requirement. Alternatively, students can take a 5 credit module that also meets the requirement. 
• Document your educational, training and personal and professional development needs, in collaboration with your Research Studies Panel which, along with the proposed programme of research, will inform the development of your Research and Professional Development Plan (RPDP).

Option:   MD students, as required or recommended by the Principal Supervisor, may take taught modules relevant to their area of research or professional development, to a maximum 20 credits over the course of the programme of study  

Transfer to PhD

MD students may apply to transfer to a PhD programme.

• To do so, you need to have been on the MD programme for a minimum of 1 year full time or 2 years part time.
• The panel will base their judgement on an interview where you will make an oral presentation of you progress to date and your research plan for the future.
• The panel will also review a written submission from you evidencing your progress, a review of your RPDP and a written statement of progress from your Principal Supervisor. 

If you are successful, you will normally transfer to Stage 1 of the PhD programme

Final Examination

The final examination is based on a description of your research in a thesis  describing the context, nature, methodology and outcomes of the research. An MD thesis must contain material of a publishable/peer reviewed standard.

• MD theses can only be submitted if fees are paid in full, student registration is current and you are compliant with the programme requirements, see 1-3 above. 
• All MD theses are submitted to the University for examination as a pdf file via the eThesis Exam System . This system is accessed via your SISWeb account. Emails are sent to you at every decision point, allowing tracking of the progress of the thesis through the examination process
• MD theses are normally examined without a viva voce examination.  

View Other Research Programmes

Key points about PhD degrees at UCD

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Key points about Research Master's degrees at UCD

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Key points about professional doctorate degrees at UCD

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Thesis/Dissertation Topics For MD/MS/DNB.

Overall More than 70 thousand Thesis Topics covering all subjects of broad specialty  

Remember Subscribing to the premium thesis topics not only will enable you to browse through premium thesis topics but also you will get access to online guidance about synopsis writing, sample size calculation, inclusion and exclusion criteria and guidance throughout thesis writing. In case you dont subscribe still do not hesitate to contact me for guidance.

Thesis Topics for MD/MS and DNB

It’s a junior resident’s nightmare to search for appropriate thesis topics for MD/MS and DNB. While we all know the first year of residency in any medical college is a period when the junior residents are all overburdened with work. It’s not uncommon to see Junior Residents not getting time to eat, shave or even take bath. In this demanding period looking for an appropriate thesis topics for MD/MS and DNB is another task that needs to be performed by Junior Residents. Many times Junior Residents end up selecting topics that they later regret selecting. 

In this regard i vividly remember my co-resident. When i joined MD radiology one of co-resident took a topic on cardiac MRI in thalassemia. Cardiac MRI facility was not available in our institute and then for this she had an agreement with a private diagnostic center for cardiac MRI at concessional rates. After some days the management of that private diagnostic center changed and new management refused to do cardiac MRI at concessional rates and all hell broke. She suffered a lot because she didn’t think at the time of choosing thesis topic that cardiac MRI was not available in our department. So carefully choosing a thesis topic is a must. 

The topics for MD/MS and DNB should be important but not difficult. And for this you have to go through at least 400-500 thesis topics for MD/MS/DNB before selecting one.  Its not possible to search for thesis topics in libraries, over the internet, and everywhere else because of  shortage of time.

Taking into consideration all these difficulties faced by junior residents we have painstakingly collected more than 50,000+ thesis topics for MD/MS/DNB of all broad specialty subjects. That comes to an average of 3000 thesis topics per subject. And it’s not over here we are continuously updating the list so that as and when new topics emerge on the horizon we will go on adding them.

This website will give you a list of all the relevant thesis topics in one place and it will be very hard for you to find any thesis topic outside this list. If there is a good thesis topic for MD/MS and DNB then it will be on this list. Do check the list of conventional as well as emerging Thesis Topics.

We wish you all the best in choosing appropriate thesis topics for MD/MS and DNB.

You can directly discuss with me on whatsapp regarding a thesis topic. Ill help you not only for selection of a thesis topic but also ill guide you throughout your Journey of writing thesis. I have more than 60 research papers published in my name in various national and international journals and i can guide you if you face any difficulty during writing of thesis. I can help you write synopsis, Review of literature, Statistics and discussion etc.

Please Remember you will not only get a good thesis topic from here but also you will get a mentor throughout your PG residency. Ill always be there to help you.

I have another website where i’ve helped many doctors get their paper published in national and international medical journals. Do check it click here

Synopsis Writing Services

Subject-wise thesis topics for md/ms and dnb.

Biochemistry

Microbiology

Pharmacology

Othopaedics

Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Ophthalmology

Anaesthesia

Dermatology

Preventive and Social Medicine

Topic-wise list of thesis topics for md/ms and dnb , anatomy premium bundle -subscribe (1 week access)  click here, anatomy free thesis topics.

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Physiology recent thesis Topics

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Biochemistry recent thesis Topics

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Urology thesis topics

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Hepato-biliary thesis topics

Placental pathologies

Hematology thesis topics

Pharmacology  premium bundle -subscribe (1 week access)  click here, pharmacology free topics.

Pharmacology Premium Topics

Pharmacology Recent Topics

Microbiology  premium bundle -subscribe (1 week access)  click here, microbiology free topics.

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Microbiology Recent Topics

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Thesis Topics For MDS

         Pediatric Dentistry Thesis Topics

Disclaimer!

There are many methods of sample size determination. It is one of the first hurdle when someone starts writing a thesis. I have tried to give simplest way of determination of sample size. You need to show the method to your PG teacher before you include this method in your thesis. First confirm from your PG teacher and then only proceed.

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