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50 of the Best Quotes About Education

Learn as if you were to live forever.

Being an educator is not always the easiest job, but knowing you have made an impact on students’ lives can be so rewarding. Through all of the good times and bad, you continue to persevere and provide education to students of all backgrounds and abilities. We collected 50 of the best quotes about education to celebrate the best parts of teaching, learning, and the impact they have on the world.

Our Favorite Quotes About Education

“education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs only to the people who prepare for it today.” — malcolm x.

“Education is one thing no one can take away from you.” — Elin Nordegren

“Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.” — Malcolm Forbes

“The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows.” — Sydney J. Harris

“Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence.” — Abigail Adams

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” — Benjamin Franklin

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” — Nelson Mandela

“The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. … Intelligence plus character—that is the goal of true education.” — Martin Luther King Jr.

“A person who won’t read has no advantage over a person who can’t read.” — Mark Twain

“Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire.” — Unknown

“Education is the key to unlock a golden door of freedom.” — George Washington Carver

“The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.” — Herbert Spencer

“The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth.” — John F. Kennedy

“The great difficulty in education is to get experience out of ideas.” — George Santayana

“The roots of education … are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” — Aristotle

“Education must not simply teach work, it must teach Life.” — W.E.B Du Bois

“Education then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery.” — Horace Mann

“I believe that education is all about being excited about something. Seeing passion and enthusiasm helps push an educational message.” — Steve Irwin

“Everyone who remembers his own education remembers teachers, not methods and techniques. The teacher is the heart of the educational system.” — Sidney Hook

“All real education is the architecture of the soul.” — William Bennett

“Education is the key which will unlock the door of opportunity for you.” — Gordon B. Hinckley

“I did then what I knew how to do. Now that I know better, I do better.” — Maya Angelou

“Everyone you will ever meet knows something you don’t.” — Bill Nye

“The highest result of education is tolerance.” — Helen Keller

“Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” — Aristotle

“To teach is to learn twice.” — Joseph Joubert

“The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” — Plutarch

“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” — Benjamin Franklin

“Education breeds confidence. Confidence breeds hope. Hope breeds peace.” — Confucius

“The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.” — Mark Van Doren

“Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.” — Margaret Mead

“Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young.” — Henry Ford

“A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.” — Henry Brooks Adams

“They may forget what you said but they will never forget how you made them feel.” — Carl W. Buehner

“A good teacher must be able to put himself in the place of those who find learning hard.” — Eliphas Levi

“One child, one teacher, one book, and one pen can change the world.” — Malala Yousafzai

“Teachers are the one and only people who save nations.” — Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

“Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is.” — Isaac Asimov

“Real education must ultimately be limited to one who INSISTS on knowing, the rest is mere sheep-herding.” — Ezra Pound

“Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it.” — Marian Wright Edelman

“It is only the ignorant who despise education.” — Publilius Syrus

“A writer should get as much education as possible, but just going to school is not enough; if it were, all owners of doctorates would be inspired writers.” — Gwendolyn Brooks

“I do not want art for a few, any more than education for a few, or freedom for a few.” — William Morris

“Real education should educate us out of self into something far finer; into a selflessness which links us with all humanity.” — Nancy Astor

“It makes little difference how many university courses or degrees a person may own. If he cannot use words to move an idea from one point to another, his education is incomplete.” — Norman Cousins

“The child who desires education will be bettered by it; the child who dislikes it disgraced.” — John Ruskin

“Education is our only political safety. Outside of this ark all is deluge.” — Horace Mann

“Education is learning what you didn’t even know you didn’t know.” — Daniel J. Boorstin

“Instruction ends in the schoolroom, but education ends only with life. A child is given to the universe to be educated.” — Frederick William Robertson

“Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army. If we retrench the wages of the schoolmaster, we must raise those of the recruiting sergeant.” — Edward Everett

Like these quotes about education? Check out these team-building quotes for classrooms and schools .

Come share your favorite motivational quotes about education in the we are teachers helpline group on facebook .

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201 Inspiring Education Quotes for Students and Teachers

Education opens up the mind, expands it and allows you to improve your life in so many ways.

So this week – as schools are starting again – I’d like to share 201 of the most motivating and inspiring quotes on education.

I hope you’ll find them helpful no matter if you’re a student that needs a boost of motivation or if you’re a teacher of any kind that wants to inspire and make a change in the lives of your students.

And if you want more inspiration check out this collection of quotes on moving forward and this one with growth mindset quotes .

Education Quotes to Motivate Students

1. “A man’s mind, stretched by new ideas, may never return to its original dimensions.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

2. “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” Albert Einstein

3. “He who opens a school door, closes a prison.” Victor Hugo

4. “Keep away from people who try to belittle your ambitions. Small people always do that, but the really great make you feel that you, too, can become great.” Mark Twain

5. “Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.” Arthur Ashe

6. “Either you run the day or the day runs you.” Jim Rohn

7. “Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.” Malcolm X

8. “Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.” Zig Ziglar

9. “If you think education is expensive, try ignorance.” Andy McIntyre

10. “The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn …and change.” Carl Rogers

11. “The secret of getting ahead is getting started. The secret of getting started is breaking your complex overwhelming tasks into small manageable tasks, and then starting on the first one.” Mark Twain

12. “Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding line, and no way of knowing how near the harbor was. “Light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.” Helen Keller

13. “Aim for success, not perfection. Never give up your right to be wrong, because then you will lose the ability to learn new things and move forward with your life. Remember that fear always lurks behind perfectionism.” David M. Burns

14. “Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” Will Durant

15. “Be miserable. Or motivate yourself. Whatever has to be done, it’s always your choice.” Wayne Dyer

16. “The difference between school and life? In school, you’re taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you’re given a test that teaches you a lesson.” Tom Bodett

17. “We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself.” Lloyd Alexander

18. “Don’t let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do.” John R. Wooden

19. “You will either step forward into growth, or you will step backward into safety.” Abraham Maslow

20. “If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him. An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest.” Ben Franklin

21. “If people did not do silly things, nothing intelligent would ever get done.” Ludwig Wittgenstein

22. “We can easily manage if we will only take, each day, the burden appointed to it. But the load will be too heavy for us if we carry yesterday’s burden over again today, and then add the burden of the morrow before we are required to bear it.” John Newton 

23. “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.” Albert Einstein

24. “I did then what I knew how to do. Now that I know better, I do better.” Maya Angelou

25. “Who questions much, shall learn much, and retain much.” Francis Bacon

26. “Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.” Mahatma Gandhi

27. “Real learning comes about when the competitive spirit has ceased.” Jiddu Krishnamurti

28. “They cannot stop me. I will get my education, if it is in the home, school, or anyplace.” Malala Yousafzai

29. “That is never too often repeated, which is never sufficiently learned.” Seneca

30. “Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in.” Leonardo da Vinci

31. “Minds are like parachutes, they only function when they are open.” James Dewar

32. “To accuse others for one’s own misfortunes is a sign of want of education. To accuse oneself shows that one’s education has begun. To accuse neither oneself nor others shows that one’s education is complete.” Epictetus

33. “Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.” Chinese proverb

34. “Everyone you will ever meet knows something you don’t.” Bill Nye

35. “The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.” Dorothy Parker

36. “Success is a poor teacher.” Robert Kiyosaki

37. “I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have.” Thomas Jefferson

38. “Time is the best teacher, but unfortunately, it kills all of its students.” Robin Williams

39. “The authority of those who teach is often an obstacle to those who want to learn.” Cicero

40. “Apply yourself. Get all the education you can, but then, by God, do something. Don’t just stand there, make it happen.” Lee Iacocca

41. “Despise school and remain a fool.” German proverb

42. “Life itself is your teacher, and you are in a state of constant learning.” Bruce Lee

43. “As long as you live, keep learning how to live.” Seneca

44. “If you don’t go after what you want, you’ll never have it. If you don’t ask, the answer is always no. If you don’t step forward, you’re always in the same place.” Nora Roberts

45. “The highest activity a human being can attain is learning for understanding, because to understand is to be free.” Baruch Spinoza

46. “The learned man knows that he is ignorant.” Victor Hugo

47. “Experience, travel – these are an education in themselves.” Euripides

48. “Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later.” Og Mandino

49. “Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong attempt to acquire it.” Albert Einstein

50. “Do you know the difference between education and experience? Education is when you read the fine print; experience is what you get when you don’t. ” Pete Seeger

51. “Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself.” Chinese Proverb

52. “The ideal school would teach health, wealth, and happiness. It‘d be free, self-paced, and available to all. It‘d show opposing ideas and students would self-verify truth. No grades, no tests, no diplomas – just learning. Actually, you’re already here. Careful who you follow.” Naval Ravikant

53. “Keep on going, and the chances are that you will stumble on something, perhaps when you are least expecting it. I never heard of anyone ever stumbling on something sitting down.” Charles F. Kettering

54. “Remember that failure is an event, not a person.” Zig Ziglar

55. “If you don’t design your own life plan, chances are you’ll fall into someone else’s plan. And guess what they have planned for you? Not much.” Jim Rohn

RELATED: 52 Forgiveness Quotes for Letting Go of Anger

Education Quotes for Teachers

56. “You can teach a student a lesson for a day; but if you can teach him to learn by creating curiosity, he will continue the learning process as long as he lives.” Clay P. Bedford

57. “A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops.” Henry B Adams

58. “Much education today is monumentally ineffective. All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.” John W. Gardner

59. “To teach is to learn twice.” Joseph Joubert

60. “Do not confine your children to your own learning, for they were born in another time.” Chinese proverb

61. “What we learn with pleasure we never forget.” Alfred Mercier

62. “Why should society feel responsible only for the education of children, and not for the education of all adults of every age?” Erich Fromm

63. “Children have never been very good at listening to their elders, but they have never failed to imitate them.” James Baldwin

64. “Example is not the main thing in influencing others. It is the only thing.” Albert Schweitzer

65. “Too often we give children answers to remember rather than problems to solve.” Roger Lewin

66. “The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think — rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men.” Bill Beattie

67. “The best teachers are those who show you where to look but don’t tell you what to see.” Alexandra K. Trenfor

68. “Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another.” G.K. Chesterton

69. “Children are apt to live up to what you believe of them.” Lady Bird Johnson

70. “Tell me and I’ll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I’ll understand.” Chinese proverb

71. “ Nine tenths of education is encouragement .” Anatole France 72. “If someone is going down the wrong road, he doesn’t need motivation to speed him up. What he needs is education to turn him around.” Jim Rohn

73. “The most beautiful things in the creating of the child are his “mistakes.” The more a child’s work is full of these individual mistakes the more wonderful it is . And the more a teacher removes them from the child’s work the duller, more desolate and impersonal it becomes.” Franz Cizek

74. “Treat people as if they were what they ought to be, and you help them to become what they are capable of becoming.” Goethe

75. “Education cost money, but then so does ignorance.” Claus Moser

76. “I believe that education is all about being excited about something. Seeing passion and enthusiasm helps push an educational message.“ Steve Irwin

77. “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” Nelson Mandela

78. “Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.” Margaret Mead

79. “The person who asks questions is more helpful than the person who offers advice.” James Clear

80. “Instruction does much, but encouragement everything.” Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

81. “The direction in which education starts a man will determine his future life.” Plato

82. “Kids don’t remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.” Jim Henson

83. “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” Aristotle

84. “I think the big mistake in schools is trying to teach children anything, and by using fear as the basic motivation. Fear of getting failing grades, fear of not staying with your class, etc. Interest can produce learning on a scale compared to fear as a nuclear explosion to a firecracker.” Stanley Kubrick

85. “The more you make it easy for your kids, the more you remove the struggle necessary for learning.” Maxime Lagacé

86. “The highest result of education is tolerance.” Hellen Keller

87. “All learning has an emotional base.” Plato

88. “The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts.” C.S. Lewis

89. “If a seed of a lettuce will not grow, we do not blame the lettuce. Instead, the fault lies with us for not having nourished the seed properly.” Buddhist proverb

90. “You can learn many things from children. How much patience you have, for instance.” Franklin P. Jones

91. “Education is supposed to juice your curiosity, not diminish or sate it.” Walter Isaacson

92. “The school is the last expenditure upon which America should be willing to economize.” Franklin D. Roosevelt

93. “The foundation of every state is the education of its youth.” Diogenes

94. “The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” Plutarch

95. “People learn more on their own rather than being force fed.” Socrates

96. “By learning you will teach; by teaching you will understand.” Latin proverb

97. “Act as if what you do makes a difference. It does.” William James

98. “Teaching kids to count is fine, but teaching them what counts is best.” Bob Talber

99. “If you are planning for a year, sow rice; if you are planning for a decade, plant trees; if you are planning for a lifetime, educate people.” Chinese proverb

100. “Do not train children to learning by force and harshness, but direct them to it by what amuses their minds, so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each.” Plato

101. “Any book that helps a child to form a habit of reading, to make reading one of his deep and continuing needs, is good for him.” Maya Angelou

102. “The key to everything is patience. You get the chicken by hatching the egg — not by smashing it.” Arnold Glasow

Quotes on the Power of Education

103. “It is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows.” Epictetus

104. “If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.” Abraham Maslow

105. “It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.” Aristotle

106. “No man who worships education has got the best out of education…. Without a gentle contempt for education no man’s education is complete.” G.K. Chesterton

107. “When a subject becomes totally obsolete we make it a required course.” Peter Drucker

108. “The first problem for all of us, men and women, is not to learn, but to unlearn.” Gloria Steinem

109. “If a man is a fool, you don’t train him out of being a fool by sending him to university. You merely turn him into a trained fool, ten times more dangerous.” Desmond Bagley

110. “The modern world belongs to the half-educated, a rather difficult class, because they do not realize how little they know.” William R. Inge

111. “People learn something every day, and a lot of times it’s that what they learned the day before was wrong.” Bill Vaughan

112. “What does education often do? It makes a straight-cut ditch of a free, meandering brook.” Henry David Thoreau

113. “Change is the end result of all true learning.” Leo Buscaglia

114. “Many highly intelligent people are poor thinkers. Many people of average intelligence are skilled thinkers. The power of the car is separate from the way the car is driven.” Edward De Bono

115. “I’ve learned… that the best classroom in the world is at the feet of an elderly person.” Andy Rooney

116. “The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows.” Sydney J. Harris

117. “I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.” Mark Twain

118. “What sculpture is to a block of marble education is to the human soul.” Joseph Addison

119. “Education makes a people easy to lead but difficult to drive: easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.” Peter Brougham

120. “The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.” Albert Einstein

121. “Education would be much more effective if its purpose was to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they do not know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it.” William Haley

122. “A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers.” Helen Keller

123. “It is a thousand times better to have common sense without education than to have education without common sense.” Robert G. Ingersoll

124. “Upon the subject of education … I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people may be engaged in.” Abraham Lincoln

125. “There is nothing in a caterpillar that tells you it’s going to be a butterfly.” Buckminster Fuller

126. “Nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced.” John Keats

127. “Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune.“ Jim Rohn

128. “It is in fact a part of the function of education to help us escape, not from our own time – for we are bound by that – but from the intellectual and emotional limitations of our time.” T.S. Eliot

129. “The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” Aristotle

130. “Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence.” Robert Frost

131. “Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities, because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which, fulfilled, can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength for our nation.” John F. Kennedy

132. “Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young.” Henry Ford

133.“You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation.” Brigham Young

134. “The mind once enlightened cannot again become dark.” Thomas Paine

135. “The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education.” Martin Luther King

136. “When you educate one person you can change a life, when you educate many you can change the world.” Shai Reshef

137. “The educated differ from the uneducated as much as the living differ from the dead.” Aristotle

138. “The more I live, the more I learn. The more I learn, the more I realize, the less I know.” Michel Legrand

139. “A child educated only at school is an uneducated child.” George Santayana

140. “The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you.” B.B. King

Smart and Insightful Education Quotes

In this section I’d like to share recent findings that have helped me see things in a new way when it comes to education.

I hope that these timeless thoughts will help to open up new perspectives for you too.

141. “Everything is a learning process: Any time you fall over, it’s just teaching you to stand up the next time.” Joel Edgerton

142. “That is what learning is. You suddenly understand something you have understood all your life, but in a new way.” Doris Lessing

143. “The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.” Thomas Jefferson

144. “Education breeds confidence. Confidence breeds hope. Hope breeds peace.” Confucius

145. “We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of change. And the most pressing task is to teach people how to learn.” Peter Drucker

146. “Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.” Chanakya

147. “A first class system of early childhood education is the hallmark of a caring and civilized society.” Andy Hargreaves

148. “The more that you read, the more things you will know, the more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” Dr. Seuss

149. “The ability to read, write, and analyze; the confidence to stand up and demand justice and equality; the qualifications and connections to get your foot in the door and take your seat at the table — all of that starts with education.” Michelle Obama

150. “Take the attitude of a student, never be too big to ask questions, never know too much to learn something new.” Og Mandino

151. “Education is a continual process, it’s like a bicycle… If you don’t pedal you don’t go forward.” George Weah

152. “A person who won’t read has no advantage over one who can’t read.” Mark Twain

153. “What makes a child gifted and talented may not always be good grades in school, but a different way of looking at the world and learning.” Chuck Grassley

154. “Life is an open book test. Learning how to learn is your most valuable skill in the online world.” Marc Cuban

155. “Let the improvement of yourself keep you so busy that you have no time to criticize others.” Roy T. Bennett

156. “It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.” Albert Einstein

157. “Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.” John Dewey

158. “It is as impossible to withhold education from the receptive mind as it is impossible to force it upon the unreasoning.” Agnes Repplierg

159. “You cannot dream of becoming something you do not know about. You have to learn to dream big. Education exposes you to what the world has to offer, to the possibilities open to you.” Sonia Sotomayor

160. “Whatever the cost of our libraries, the price is cheap compared to that of an ignorant nation.” Walter Cronkite

161. “Education is the power to think clearly, the power to act well in the world’s work, and the power to appreciate life.” Brigham Young

162. “Man can learn nothing except by going from the known to the unknown.” Claude Bernard

163. “The best education is not given to students; it is drawn out of them.” Gerald Belcher

164. “Life long learners will always be ahead of the people standing still, the people who haven’t learned many new things in the past 10 years. So keep on learning because that makes it easier to advance in your career, remedy relationship issues and to grow older in a smart way. Plus, it most often makes life more exciting.” Rip Miller

165. “Do not conform your children to your own learning for they were born in another time.” Hebrew Proverb

166. “Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.” Benjamin Franklin

167. “Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.” Kofi Annan

168. “All of the top achievers I know are life-long learners. Looking for new skills, insights, and ideas. If they’re not learning, they’re not growing and not moving toward excellence.” Denis Waitley

169. “In a global economy where the most valuable skill you can sell is your knowledge, a good education is no longer just a pathway to opportunity – it is a prerequisite.” Barack Obama

170. “It is personal. That’s what an education does. It makes the world personal.” Cormac McCarthy

171. “Learning is not the product of teaching. Learning is the product of the activity of learners.” John Holt

172. “They know enough who know how to learn.” Henry Adams

173. “You are told a lot about your education, but some beautiful, sacred memory, preserved since childhood, is perhaps the best education of all.” Fyodor Dostoevsky

Short Quotes About Education

Finally, a few handfuls of short, sharp and punchy education quotes. The ones that cut right to the point.

I hope you’ll find something that refuels or relights your motivation here.

174. “Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.“ Malcolm Forbes

175. “Educating all of our children must be one of our most urgent priorities.” Nelson Mandela

176. “To me education is a leading out of what is already there in the pupil’s soul.” Muriel Spark

177. “Every student can learn, just not on the same day, or the same way.” George Evans

178. “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” William Butler Yeats

179. “Learning is not compulsory. Neither is survival.” Dr. W. Edwards Deming

180. “By seeking and blundering we learn.” Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

181. “The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.” Herbert Spencer

182. “Learning starts with failure; the first failure is the beginning of education.” John Hersey

183. “Continuous learning is the minimum requirement for success in any field.” Brian Tracy

184. “Education is the great engine to personal development.” Nelson Mandela

185. “All real education is the architecture of the soul.” William Bennett

186. “It is a miracle that curiosity survives formal education.” Albert Einstein

187. “The main hope of a nation lies in the proper education of its youth” Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus

188. “Education must not simply teach work, it must teach Life.” W.E.B Du Bois

189. “I am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well.” Alexander the Great

190. “All the world is a laboratory to the inquiring mind.” Martin Fisher

191. “We all learn by experience, but some of us have to go to summer school.” Peter De Vries

192. “I was reading the dictionary. I thought it was a poem about everything.” Steven Wright

193. “The aim of education is the knowledge, not of facts, but of values.” William S. Burroughs

194. “Learning without thought is a labor lost, thought without learning is perilous.” Confucius

195. “The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.” Socrates

196. “Let us remember: One book, one pen, one child, and one teacher can change the world.” Malala Yousafzai

197. “Intellectual growth should commence at birth and cease only at death.“ Albert Einstein

198. “Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army.” Edward Everett

199. “Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.” George Washington Carver

200. “A good education is a foundation for a better future.” Elizabeth Warren

201. “You are always a student, never a master. You have to keep moving forward.” Conrad Hall

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Top Nine Nelson Mandela Quotes About Education

Nelson Mandela was a man who carried varied and numerous titles throughout his life. He was, among other things, a revolutionary, nonviolence anti-apartheid activist, philanthropist, human rights activist, the first black president of South Africa and a Nobel Peace Prize winner. He even went through 27 years in prison for his efforts to bring harmony and equality to South Africa. One of his great legacies was his contributions to education.

Nelson Mandela Quotes about Education

Mandela recognized education as a great vehicle to bring equality of opportunity to the world. Here are nine Nelson Mandela quotes about education:

• “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.”
• “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
• “The power of education extends beyond the development of skills we need for economic success. It can contribute to nation-building and reconciliation.”
• “A good head and good heart are always a formidable combination. But when you add to that a literate tongue or pen, then you have something very special.”
• “Young people must take it upon themselves to ensure that they receive the highest education possible so that they can represent us well in future as future leaders.”
• “Without language, one cannot talk to people and understand them; one cannot share their hopes and aspirations, grasp their history, appreciate their poetry, or savour their songs.”
• “No country can really develop unless its citizens are educated.”
• “Education is the great engine of personal development . It is through education that the daughter of a peasant can become a doctor, that the son of a mine worker can become the head of the mine, that a child of farm workers can become the president of a great nation. It is what we make out of what we have, not what we are given, that separates one person from another.”
• “It is not beyond our power to create a world in which all children have access to a good education. Those who do not believe this have small imaginations.”

The man’s inspiring life story has touched even more people’s lives than his quotes about education. The many funds and foundations he established during his lifetime continue to help and advocate for the causes he cared about; such causes include the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund, The Nelson Mandela Foundation and The Mandela Rhodes Foundation.

Institute for Education and Rural Development

As for the education sector, in particular, The Nelson Mandela Institute for Education and Rural Development provides education for rural children in South Africa that encounter educational barriers such as collapsing classrooms, leaking roofs, shortages of desks and shortages of teachers.

The institute creates tools and methods to develop teacher training systems, works with the community, refurbishes classrooms and helps students develop their language skills as well as their confidence.

The Gift of Education

The gift of education is indeed something to be celebrated. To work towards Mandela’s honorable vision of a free and equal society, the world will require the knowledge, resources and insight that education brings. The Nelson Mandela quotes about education featured above express why education is so important.

Education is an investment essential to empowering individuals to reach their full potential and to make their own positive impact on the world.

– Connie Loo

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50 Quotes About Education Every Student Should Read

Last Updated on March 2, 2024

Table of Contents

Why do people like quotes so much?

Well, the main reason why is that they are both educational and inspirational.

Here is the list of the most telling quotes about education which every student should read.

Some of them are definitely familiar while others may be totally new to you.

Quotes about education you’ve definitely heard before

The first citation is by Benjamin Franklin and it goes like this:

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.”

This quotation describes the necessity to acquire knowledge in the best way possible.

A lot of people like to cite it to highlight the importance of learning something new every day.

The more knowledge you have acquired, the more areas you can become an expert in, and the earlier you understand it, the faster you will realize why it is so vital to study hard when you are in college.

The second statement to mention is the following one:

“I have no special talent. I am only passionately curious”.

Albert Einstein said this phrase, but you probably know it all to well from your physics teacher.

Whenever you come across this quote, you remember how significant it is to stay curious about the things that surround us and about the world we live in.

This is what drives us to move forward and achieve our goals.

The next statement is one of the most inspirational quotes of all time, and it has a lot to do with teaching.

The author of the citation is William S. Burroughs and it goes like this:

“The aim of education is the knowledge, not of facts, but of values.”

The main task of a teacher at any school or university is to provide their student with a set of values.

Memorizing facts is easy.

Anyone can do it.

Learning is not merely about getting good grades and passing tests.

It is about the ability of a person to process what they have learned and to come up with their own conclusions.

Quotes you may be unfamiliar with

Perhaps, you have come across the following citation on your own or have discussed it as a part of your school curriculum but this statement by Thomas Jefferson is not quoted as often it it should be:

“To penetrate and dissipate these clouds of darkness, the general mind must be strengthened by education.”

In other words, getting education is the road to logic and reason that help us deal with ignorance or even aggression.

To develop as a society, we need to be educated. The final citation to mention is the one by Francis Bacon:

“Travel, in the younger sort, is a part of education; in the elder, a part of experience.”

This quotation highlights the importance of traveling and seeing the world no matter how old you are.

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Here are 45 more great quotes on education. Enjoy!

“The essence of knowledge is, having it, to apply it; not having it, to confess your ignorance.” Confucius.

“We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself.” Lloyd Alexander

“Don’t let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do.”  John Wooden

“Successful and unsuccessful people do not vary greatly in their abilities. They vary in their desires to reach their potentials. ”  John Maxwell

“Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.” George Washington Carver.

“The more that you read, the more things you will know, the more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” Seuss

“Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow.” Anthony J.1 D’Angelo  

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” Aristotle

“Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.” Albert Einstein.

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. ” Nelson Mandela

“Strive for Progress, Not perfection.” Unknown

“You can get help from teachers, but you are going to have to learn a lot by yourself, sitting alone in a room.” Seuss

“Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it.” Marian Wright Edelman .

“Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.”  Kofi Annan.

“Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently.” Henry Ford.

“Ensuring quality higher education is one of the most important things we can do for future generations.”  Ron Lewis

“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” Will Durant.

“There are no shortcuts to any place worth going.” Beverly Sills

“There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.”  Jiddu Krishnamurti .

“Real education enhances the dignity of a human being and increases his or her self-respect. If only the real sense of education could be realized by each individual and carried forward in every field of human activity, the world will be so much a better place to live in.”  P. J. Abdul Kalam.

“Education is a once in a lifetime opportunity to open children’s hearts and minds to the unbelievable wonder of the universe.”  Sir Anthony Seldon.

“No other investment yields as great a return as the investment in education. An educated workforce is the foundation of every community and the future of every economy.”  Brad Henry.

“Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence.” Robert Frost.

“The aim of education is the knowledge, not of facts, but of values.”  William S. Burroughs

“The real key to learning something quickly is to take a deliberate, intelligent approach to your learning.”  Lindsay Kolowich

“With an education you all have everything you need to rise above all of the noise and fulfil every last one of your dreams.”  Michelle Obama.

“Education is not just about going to school and getting a degree. It’s about widening your knowledge and absorbing the truth about life.” Shakuntala Devi

“The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done.”  Jean Piaget.

“Creativity is the key to success in the future, and primary education is where teachers can bring creativity in children at that level.”  A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

“A quality education grants us the ability to fight the war on ignorance and poverty.” Charles B. Rangel.

“Don’t let your learning lead to knowledge. Let your learning lead to action.” Jim Rohn.

“You’ve got to get up every morning with determination if you’re going to go to bed with satisfaction.” George Lorimer.

“The philosophy of the school room in one generation will be the philosophy of government in the next.” Abraham Lincoln.

“The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence.”  Rabindranath Tagore

“Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth.”  Chanakya.

“A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers.”  Helen Keller

“Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.”   Malcolm X

“There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.” Mahatma Gandhi.

“Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time.” Thomas A. Edison.

“Education breeds confidence. Confidence breeds hope. Hope breeds peace.” Confucius.

“Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much, are the three pillars of learning.”  Benjamin Disraeli.

“Education is a work of self-organization by which man adapts himself to the conditions of life.”  Maria Montessori.

“Education is the process in which we discover that learning adds quality to our lives. Learning must be experienced.”  William Glasser

“Education is not only a ladder of opportunity, but it is also an investment in our future.”  Ed Markey

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Cris Antonio is a content wizard, responsible for coming up with fresh and unique article ideas. Aside from writing, Cris also enjoys painting, collecting toys, and reading German novels.

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Education Quotes for Teachers and Students

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Whether you’re a teacher or a student, a new school year is an exciting time. These education quotes will get you ready to enjoy teaching and learning anytime.

School pushes us out of our comfort zone, teaches us to dream big, and encourages us to achieve our potential.

In celebration of all the amazing things that education, we’ve put together a list of the best quotes about school, learning, and teaching.

So whether you’re a parent, student, or teacher – we’ve got you covered as you get ready for another year of school.

Page Contents

Top 10 Education Quotes

Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. Socrates

Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela

Education is the key to unlocking the world, a passport to freedom. Oprah Winfrey

Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself. John Dewey

Education brings about opportunity, and in turn inspiration . Bill Frist

The great aim of education is not knowledge but action. Herbert Spencer

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. Aristotle

Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army. Edward Everett 

Quotes about Education

Whether you’re at the beginning of a new year or semester of learning, or aren’t quite sure where your knowledge will take you next – look no further than these inspiring education quotes.

Education is the methodical creation of the habit of thinking. Ernest Dimnet

Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. Malcolm Forbes

Only the educated are free. Epictetus

Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one generation to another. Gilbert K. Chesterton

Education is teaching our children to desire the right things. Plato

It is clearly absurd to limit the term ‘education’ to a person’s formal schooling. Murray N. Rothbard

Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. Malcolm X

All the world is a laboratory to the inquiring mind. Martin Fisher

Education is not just about going to school and getting a degree. It’s about widening your knowledge and absorbing the truth about life. Shakuntala Devi

Intelligence is the ability to adapt to change. Stephen Hawking

Don’t just teach your children to read. Teach them to question what they read. Teach them to question everything. George Carlin

Even the genius asks questions. Tupac Shakur

The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change. Carl Rogers

Knowing is not enough; We must apply. Willing is not enough; We must do. Bruce Lee

Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a more clever devil. C.S. Lewis

Any fool can know. The point is to understand. Albert Einstein

Development is a series of rebirths. Maria Montessori

What you think, you become. What you feel, you attract. What you imagine, you create. Buddha

Intelligence plus character-that is the goal of true education. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family. Kofi Annan

A person who won’t read has no advantage over one who can’t read. Mark Twain

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. Albert Einstein

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. W.B. Yeats

Education costs money. But then so does ignorance. Sir Claus Moser

Upon the subject of education … I can only say that I view it as the most important subject which we as a people may be engaged in. Abraham Lincoln

Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence. Robert Frost

Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all. Aristotle

They cannot stop me. I will get my education, if it is in the home, school, or anyplace. Malala Yousafzai

To me education is a leading out of what is already there in the pupil’s soul. Muriel Spark

Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it. Marian Wright Edelman

The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows. Sydney J. Harris

Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune. Jim Rohn

Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom. George Washington Carver

A well-educated mind will always have more questions than answers. Helen Keller

Learning Quotes

Live as if you will die tomorrow. Learn as if you will live forever. Mahatma Gandhi

The learning process continues until the day you die. Kirk Douglas

The doer alone learneth. Friedrich Nietzsche

I don’t think much of a man who is not wiser today than he was yesterday. Abraham Lincoln

Anything worth doing well is worth doing poorly at first. Ray Congdon

It is not from ourselves that we learn to be better than we are. Wendell Berry

The more I read, the more I acquire, the more certain I am that I know nothing. Voltaire

Learning is not compulsory. Neither is survival. Dr. W. Edwards Deming

Yesterday I was clever, so I changed the world. Today I am wise, so I am changing myself. Rumi

The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go! Dr. Seuss

Being a student is easy. Learning requires actual work. William Crawford

A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. Mark Twain

Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere. Chinese Proverb

The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take it away from you. B.B. King

Learning is not attained by chance, it must be sought for with ardor and attended to with diligence. Abigail Adams

We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself. Lloyd Alexander

Man’s mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions. Oliver Wendell Holmes

The object of opening the mind, as of opening the mouth, is to close it again on something solid. G.K. Chesterton

Being ignorant is not so much a shame, as being unwilling to learn. Benjamin Franklin

Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Henry Ford

Every act of conscious learning requires the willingness to suffer an injury to one’s self-esteem. That is why young children, before they are aware of their own self-importance, learn so easily. Thomas Szasz

Change is the end result of all true learning. Leo Buscaglia

It’s what you learn after you know it all that counts. Harry S. Truman

It is what we know already that often prevents us from learning. Claude Bernard

Always walk through life as if you have something new to learn and you will. Vernon Howard

Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn. Benjamin Franklin

A plant needs roots in order to grow. With man it is the other way around: only when he grows does he have roots and feels at home in the world. Eric Hoffer

By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest. Confucius

An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. Benjamin Franklin

Develop a passion for learning. If you do, you will never cease to grow. Anthony J. D’Angelo

Man can learn nothing except by going from the known to the unknown. Claude Bernard

Be curious, not judgmental. Walt Whitman

I’m still learning. Michelangelo

The more I live, the more I learn. The more I learn, the more I realize, the less I know. Michel Legrand

For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them. Aristotle

Do these learning quotes have you ready for more knowledge? See our list of 8 Essential Books for Graduate Students and keep learning at the highest level.

School Quotes

A new desk, a handful of freshly sharpened pencils, the first page of a new workbook… there are no days quite like school days!

From Kindergarten to college, celebrate all stages of education and their role in shaping our futures with these great school quotes.

In school, you’re taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, you’re given a test that teaches you a lesson. Tom Bodett

The pathway to educational excellence lies within each school. Terrance Deal

We don’t stop going to school when we graduate . Carol Burnett

If the school sends out children with a desire for knowledge and some idea of how to acquire and use it, it will have done its work. Richard Livingstone

What a school thinks about its library is a measure of what it feels about education. Harold Howe

School made us ‘literate’ but did not teach us to read for pleasure. Ambeth Ocampo

Instruction does much, but encouragement everything. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Spoon feeding in the long run teaches us nothing but the shape of the spoon. E.M. Forster

In school we learn that mistakes are bad, and we are punished for making them. Yet, if you look at the way humans are designed to learn, we learn by making mistakes. We learn to walk by falling down. If we never fell down, we would never walk. Robert T. Kiosaki

The human mind is our fundamental resource. John F. Kennedy

Children want the same things we want. To laugh, to be challenged, to be entertained, and delighted. Dr. Seuss

What makes a child gifted and talented may not always be good grades in school, but a different way of looking at the world and learning. Chuck Grassley

Expecting all children the same age to learn from the same materials is like expecting all children the same age to wear the same size clothing. Madeline Hunter

It is as impossible to withhold education from the receptive mind as it is impossible to force it upon the unreasoning. Agnes Repplierg

Take the attitude of a student, never be too big to ask questions, never know too much to learn something new. Og Mandino

I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. Mark Twain

School is a place that provides education, and education is the key to life. Unknown

When you take the free will out of education, that turns it into schooling. John Taylor Gatto

I’m not going to school just for the academics – I wanted to share ideas, to be around people who are passionate about learning. Emma Watson

School prepares you for the real world… which also bites. Jim Benton

There’s no use going to school unless your final destination is the library. Ray Bradbury

The chief reason for going to school is to get the impression fixed for life that there is a book for everything. Robert Frost

Every student can learn, just not on the same day, or the same way. George Evans

They spent the first three years of school getting you to pretend stuff and then the rest of it marking you down if you did the same thing.Margaret Atwood

Let the improvement of yourself keep you so busy that you have no time to criticize others. Roy T. Bennett

The ideal school would teach health, wealth, and happiness. It‘d be free, self-paced, and available to all. It‘d show opposing ideas and students would self-verify truth. No grades, no tests, no diplomas – just learning. Actually, you’re already here. Careful who you follow. Naval Ravikant

I think the big mistake in schools is trying to teach children anything, and by using fear as the basic motivation. Fear of getting failing grades, fear of not staying with your class, etc. Interest can produce learning on a scale compared to fear as a nuclear explosion to a firecracker. Stanley Kubrick

The school is the last expenditure upon which America should be willing to economize. Franklin D. Roosevelt

Education would be much more effective if its purpose was to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they do not know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it. William Haley

You can’t learn in school what the world is going to do next year. Henry Ford

Cheating in school is a form of self-deception. We go to school to learn. We cheat ourselves when we coast on the efforts and scholarship of someone else. James E. Faust

You must get an education. You must go to school, and you must learn to protect yourself. And you must learn to protect yourself with the pen, and not the gun. Josephine Baker

Education begins at home . You can’t blame the school for not putting into your child what you don’t put into him. Geoffrey Holder

Teaching Quotes

Teachers have the amazing power of being able to inspire young minds.

Celebrate those who help children and young people achieve their potential with these quotes about teachers and teaching.

The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur Ward

I like a teacher who gives you something to take home to think about besides homework. Lily Tomlin

Teaching is a very noble profession that shapes the character, caliber, and future of an individual. If the people remember me as a good teacher, that will be the biggest honor for me. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

A word of encouragement from a teacher to a child can change a life. A word of encouragement from a spouse can save a marriage . A word of encouragement from a leader can inspire a person to reach her potential. John C. Maxwell

Let us remember: One book, one pen, one child and one teacher can change the world. Malala Yousafzai

A good teacher, like a good entertainer first must hold his audience’s attention, then he can teach his lesson. John Henrik Clarke

The authority of those who teach is often an obstacle to those who want to learn. Cicero

The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts. C.S. Lewis

Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard for it is a lost tradition. Jacques Barzun

A teacher who loves learning earns the right and the ability to help others learn. Ruth Beechick

Learning is not the product of teaching. Learning is the product of the activity of learners. John Holt

I am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well. Alexander the Great

Proper teaching is recognized with ease. You can know it without fail because it awakens within you that sensation which tells you this is something you have always known. Frank Herbert

The best teachers are those who show you where to look but don’t tell you what to see. Alexandra K. Trenfor

Education is too important to be left solely to educators. Francis Keppel

If we want our children to value education, then we must show our appreciation for knowledge. Brad Sherman

The job of an educator is to teach students to see vitality in themselves. Joseph Campbell

Education is the key to success in life, and teachers make a lasting impact in the lives of their students. Solomon Ortiz

A teacher is one who makes himself progressively unnecessary. Thomas Carruthers

We hope you’re feeling inspired and excited to go back to school!

Enjoy these education quotes and quotes on teaching and learning anytime you need some extra schooling for your mind. Let us know your favorite below!

Natalie Seale

1 thought on “Education Quotes for Teachers and Students”

This is the best quote for education The quote which i love in this list is “Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard for it is a lost tradition.”

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Mark Twain Education Quotes

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The genius writer and father of American literature,  Mark Twain , was not educated beyond elementary school. His expresses cynicism toward the mediocre education system of this time in his quotes about education. He believed that schooling was different from education and learning. He warns us of the hazards of following the education system with blind faith.

In Praise of Learning and Training

"Training is everything. The peach was once a bitter almond; cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education."

"The man who does not read books has no advantage over the man that can not read them."

"There is nothing training cannot do. Nothing is above its reach. It can turn bad morals to good; it can destroy bad principles and recreate good ones; it can lift men to 'angel ship.'"

"Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail. What you gain at one end you lose at the other. It's like feeding a dog on his own tail. It won't fatten the dog."

"It is noble to teach oneself, but still nobler to teach others - and less trouble."

"A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way."

"Thousands of geniuses live and die undiscovered - either by themselves or by others."

"Learning softeneth the heart and breedeth gentleness and charity."

Criticism of Schooling

"Education consists mainly of what we have unlearned."

"We have not the reverent feeling for the rainbow that a savage has because we know how it is made. We have lost as much as we gained by prying into that matter."

"God made the Idiot for practice, and then He made the School Board."

"Just the omission of Jane Austen's books alone would make a fairly good library out of a library that hadn't a book in it."

"I never let my schooling interfere with my education."

"Everything has its limit - iron ore cannot be educated into gold."

"All schools, all colleges, have two great functions: to confer, and to conceal valuable knowledge."

Mark Twain Quips on Specific Subjects

"The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice."

"I don't give a damn for a man that can only spell a word one way."

"There are lies, damned lies, and statistics."

"Facts are stubborn, but statistics are more pliable."

"'Classic.' A book which people praise and don't read."

"I was gratified to be able to answer promptly, and I did. I said I didn't know."

"Why shouldn't truth be stranger than fiction? Fiction, after all, has to make sense."

"We could use up two Eternities in learning all that is to be learned about our own world and the thousands of nations that have arisen and flourished and vanished from it. Mathematics alone would occupy me eight million years."

"Many public-school children seem to know only two dates - 1492 and 4th of July, and as a rule, they don't know what happened on either occasion."

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Famous Education and Teaching Quotes

Discover the Power of Education

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Education is the bedrock of social and economic development. Throughout history, philosophers like Aristotle and Plato recognized the importance of education. Use these famous education quotes to inspire others to follow the path of knowledge. It is only through education that we can hope to eradicate social evils.

Quotes About Formal Education

Some of the greatest thinkers believe that access to formal education is the key to equality and social justice. Many of those thinkers, including Horace Mann and Thomas Jefferson, founded schools and universities to provide the type of education they espoused. Here are some of their thoughts on formal education.

Horace Mann: "Education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of men, the balance-wheel of the social machinery."

Aristotle: "The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet."

Thomas Jefferson: "Bigotry is the disease of ignorance, of morbid minds; enthusiasm of the free and buoyant. Education and free discussion are the antidotes of both."

Benjamin Franklin: "Genius without education is like silver in the mine."

Helen Keller:  "The highest result of education is tolerance."

Victor Hugo: "He who opens a school door closes a prison."

Malala Yousafzai: “One child, one teacher, one book, one pen can change the world.” 

Nelson Mandela: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world."

Quotes About Informal Learning

Many great thinkers believe that formal learning in a school setting is less valuable than experience and informal learning. Some even believe that formal education can slow down or warp the process of discovery and learning. Here are some of their thoughts.

Jim Rohn:  "Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune."

Albert Einstein: " Education is what remains after one has forgotten everything he learned in school."

Oscar Wilde:  "Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing that is worth knowing can be taught."

Galileo Galilei:  "You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.” 

Quotes About Teachers and Teaching

Teaching has always been considered one of the most important professions. Over time, the actual day-to-day experience of teaching and learning has changed. The basic purpose and outcome, however, remain the same.

C. S. Lewis: "The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles but to irrigate deserts."

Henry Brooks Adams: "A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops."

Ralph Waldo Emerson:  "The secret in education lies in respecting the student."

William Arthur Ward: “The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.” 

Nikos Kazantzakis: “True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own.” 

Aristotle: “Those who know, do. Those that understand, teach.” 

Henry Brooks Adams: "Teachers affect eternity; no one can tell where their influence stops."

• Truth, Perception, and the Role of the Artist
• Inspirational Quotes about Luck and Winning
• Famous Composers of the 20th Century
• How Much Do Golf Lessons Cost?
• 30 Hilarious Teacher Memes That Every Teacher Will Understand
• Saturn in Tenth House
• Very Funny 4chan Pranks Where Nobody Got Hurt

• Background Information
• Databases/Articles
• Education Journals
• Video Resources
• Tests and Measures

Citation Examples

• Education Newsletter
• APA Style References Guidelines from the American Psychological Association
• APA Style (OWL - Online Writing Lab, Purdue University)
• Common Reference Examples Handout
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Edited Book Chapter
• Dictionary Entry
• Government Report
• YouTube Video
• Facebook Post
• Webpage on a Website
• Supplemental Reference Examples
• Archival Documents and Collections

Parenthetical citations:  (Grady et al., 2019; Jerrentrup et al., 2018)

Narrative citations:  Grady et al. (2019) and Jerrentrup et al. (2018)

• If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
• If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the  database information  page). The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article.
• Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes original, proprietary content, such as UpToDate (see an example on the  database information  page).
• If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• If the journal article has an article number instead of a page range, include the article number instead of the page range (as shown in the Jerrentrup et al. example).

Parenthetical citations:  (Rabinowitz, 2019; Sapolsky, 2017)

Narrative citations:  Rabinowitz (2019) and Sapolsky (2017)

• If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• Do not include the publisher location.
• If the book does not have a DOI and comes from an academic research database, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include  database information  in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Parenthetical citations:  (Schaefer & Shapiro, 2019; Schulman, 2019)

Narrative citations:  Schaefer and Shapiro (2019) and Schulman (2019)

• If a magazine article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. Do not include  database information  in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print magazine article.
• If the magazine article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online magazine that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• If the magazine article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online magazine), omit the missing elements from the reference (as in the Schulman example).

Parenthetical citation:  (Carey, 2019)

Narrative citation:  Carey (2019)

• If the newspaper article is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range. Do not include  database information  in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print newspaper article.
• If the newspaper article has a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online newspaper), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.
• If the newspaper article does not have volume, issue, and/or page numbers (e.g., because it is from an online newspaper), omit the missing elements from the reference, as shown in the example.
• If the article is from a news website (e.g., CNN, HuffPost)—one that does not have an associated daily or weekly newspaper—use the format for a  webpage on a website  instead.

Parenthetical citation:  (Aron et al., 2019)

Narrative citation:  Aron et al. (2019)

• If the edited book chapter includes a DOI, include the chapter DOI in the reference after the publisher name.
• If the edited book chapter does not have a DOI and comes from an academic research database, end the edited book chapter reference after the publisher name. Do not include  database information  in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print edited book chapter.
• Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole book and cite the chapter in the text if desired (e.g., Kumar, 2017, Chapter 2).

Parenthetical citation:  (Merriam-Webster, n.d.)

Narrative citation:  Merriam-Webster (n.d.)

• Because entries in  Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary  are updated over time and are not archived, include a  retrieval date  in the reference.
• Merriam-Webster is both the author and the publisher, so the name appears in the author element only to avoid repetition.
• To quote a dictionary definition, view the pages on quotations and  how to quote works without page numbers  for guidance. Additionally, here is an example:  Culture  refers to the “customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group” (Merriam-Webster, n.d., Definition 1a).

Parenthetical citation:  (National Cancer Institute, 2019)

Narrative citation:  National Cancer Institute (2019)

The specific agency responsible for the report appears as the author. The names of parent agencies not present in the  group author name  appear in the source element as the publisher. This creates concise in-text citations and complete reference list entries.

Parenthetical citation:  (Harvard University, 2019)

Narrative citation:  Harvard University (2019)

• Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author.
• If the account did not actually create the work, explain this in the text if it is important for readers to know. However, if that would mean citing a source that appears unauthoritative, you might also look for the author’s YouTube channel, official website, or other social media to see whether the same video is available elsewhere.

Parenthetical citations:  (APA Databases, 2019; Gates, 2019)

Narrative citations:  APA Databases (2019) and Gates (2019)

• Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the Twitter handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.
• Provide the first 20 words of the tweet as the title. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words.
• If the tweet includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].
• The same format used for Twitter is also used for Instagram.  

Parenthetical citation:  (News From Science, 2019)

Narrative citation:  News From Science (2019)

• Provide the first 20 words of the Facebook post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. 
• If a status update includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another Facebook post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

Parenthetical citations:  (Fagan, 2019; National Institute of Mental Health, 2018; Woodyatt, 2019; World Health Organization, 2018)

Narrative citations:  Fagan (2019), National Institute of Mental Health (2018), Woodyatt (2019), and World Health Organization (2018)

• Provide as specific a  date  as is available on the webpage. This might be a year only; a year and month; or a year, month, and day.
• Italicize the title of a webpage.
• When the author of the webpage and the publisher of the website are the same, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition (as in the World Health Organization example).
• When contents of a page are meant to be updated over time but are not archived, include a  retrieval date  in the reference (as in the Fagan example).
• Use the webpage on a website format for articles from news websites such as CNN and HuffPost (these sites do not have associated daily or weekly newspapers). Use the  newspaper article category  for articles from newspaper websites such as  The New York Times  or  The Washington Post .
• Create a reference to an open educational resources (OER) page only when the materials are available for download directly (i.e., the materials are on the page and/or can be downloaded as PDFs or other files). If you are directed to another website, create a reference to the specific webpage on that website where the materials can be retrieved. Use this format for material in any OER repository, such as OER Commons, OASIS, or MERLOT.
• Do not create a reference or in-text citation for a whole website. To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to create a survey.

The following supplemental example references are mention in the  Publication Manual:

• retracted journal or magazine article
• edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
• edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
• religious work
• annotated religious work

Archival document and collections are not presented in the  APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition . This content is available only on the APA Style website .  This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition.

Archival sources include letters, unpublished manuscripts, limited-circulation brochures and pamphlets, in-house institutional and corporate documents, clippings, and other documents, as well as such nontextual materials as photographs and apparatus, that are in the personal possession of an author, form part of an institutional collection, or are stored in an archive such as the Archives of the History of American Psychology at the University of Akron or the APA Archives. For any documents like these that are available on the open web or via a database (subscription or nonsubscription), follow the reference templates shown in Chapter 10 of the Publication Manual.

The general format for the reference for an archival work includes the author, date, title, and source. The reference examples shown on this page may be modified for collections requiring more or less specific information to locate materials, for different types of collections, or for additional descriptive information (e.g., a translation of a letter). Authors may choose to list correspondence from their own personal collections, but correspondence from other private collections should be listed only with the permission of the collector.

Keep in mind the following principles when creating references to archival documents and collections:

• As with any reference, the purpose is to direct readers to the source, despite the fact that only a single copy of the document may be available and readers may have some difficulty actually seeing a copy.
• Include as much information as is needed to help locate the item with reasonable ease within the repository. For items from collections with detailed finding aids, the name of the collection may be sufficient; for items from collections without finding aids, more information (e.g., call number, box number, file name or number) may be necessary to help locate the item.
• If several letters are cited from the same collection, list the collection as a reference and provide specific identifying information (author, recipient, and date) for each letter in the in-text citations (see Example 3).
• Use square brackets to indicate information that does not appear on the document.
• Use “ca.” (circa) to indicate an estimated date (see Example 5).
• Use italics for titles of archival documents and collections; if the work does not have a title, provide a description in square brackets without italics.
• Separate elements of the source (e.g., the name of a repository, library, university or archive, and the location of the university or archive) with commas. End the source with a period.
• If a publication of limited circulation is available in libraries, the reference may be formatted as usual for published material, without the archival source.
• Note that private letters (vs. those in an archive or repository) are considered personal communications and cited in the text only.

1. Letter from a repository

Frank, L. K. (1935, February 4). [Letter to Robert M. Ogden]. Rockefeller Archive Center (GEB Series 1.3, Box 371, Folder 3877), Tarrytown, NY, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Frank, 1935)
• Narrative citation: Frank (1935)
• Because the letter does not have a title, provide a description in square brackets.

2. Letter from a private collection

Zacharius, G. P. (1953, August 15). [Letter to William Rickel (W. Rickel, Trans.)]. Copy in possession of Hendrika Vande Kemp.

• Parenthetical citation: (Zacharius, 1953)
• Narrative citation: Zacharius (1953)
• In this example, Hendrika Vande Kemp is either the author of the paper or the author of the paper has received permission from Hendrika Vande Kemp to cite a letter in Vande Kemp’s private collection in this way. Otherwise, cite a private letter as a  personal communication .

3. Collection of letters from an archive

Allport, G. W. (1930–1967). Correspondence. Gordon W. Allport Papers (HUG 4118.10), Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Allport, 1930–1967)
• Narrative citation: Allport (1930–1967)

To cite specific letters in the text, provide the author and range of years as shown in the reference list entry, plus details about who wrote the specific letter to whom and when the specific letter was written.

• Parenthetical citation: (Allport, 1930–1967, G. Boring to Allport, December 26, 1937)
• Narrative citation: Allport (1930–1967, Allport to G. Boring, March 1, 1939)
• Use the parenthetical citation format to cite a letter that E. G. Boring wrote to Allport because Allport is the author in the reference. Use either the parenthetical or narrative citation format to cite letters that Allport wrote.

4. Unpublished papers, lectures from an archive or personal collection

Berliner, A. (1959). Notes for a lecture on reminiscences of Wundt and Leipzig. Anna Berliner Memoirs (Box M50), Archives of the History of American Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Berliner, 1959)
• Narrative citation: Berliner (1959)

5. Archival/historical source for which the author and/or date is known or is reasonably certain but not stated on the document

Allport, A. (presumed). (ca. 1937). Marion Taylor today—by the biographer [Unpublished manuscript]. Marion Taylor Papers, Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, Cambridge, MA, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Allport, ca. 1937)
• Narrative citation: Allport (ca. 1937)
• Because the author is reasonably certain but not stated on the document, place the word “presumed” in parentheses after the name, followed by a period.
• Because the date is reasonably certain but not stated on the document, the abbreviation “ca.” (which stands for “circa”) appears before the year in parentheses.

6. Archival source with group author

Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs. (1949, November 5–6). Meeting of Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs. David Shakow Papers (M1360), Archives of the History of American Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs, 1949)
• Narrative citation: Subcommittee on Mental Hygiene Personnel in School Programs (1949)

7. Interview recorded and available in an archive

Smith, M. B. (1989, August 12). Interview by C. A. Kiesler [Tape recording]. President’s Oral History Project, American Psychological Association, APA Archives, Washington, DC, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Smith, 1989)
• Narrative citation: Smith (1989)
• For interviews and oral histories recorded in an archive, list the interviewee as the author. Include the interviewer’s name in the description.

8. Transcription of a recorded interview, no recording available

Sparkman, C. F. (1973). An oral history with Dr. Colley F. Sparkman/Interviewer: Orley B. Caudill. Mississippi Oral History Program (Vol. 289), University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Sparkman, 1973)
• Narrative citation: Sparkman (1973)

9. Newspaper article clipping, historical, in personal collection

Psychoanalysis institute to open. (1948, September 18). [Clipping from an unidentified Dayton, OH, United States, newspaper]. Copy in possession of author.

• Parenthetical citation: (“Psychoanalysis Institute to Open,” 1948)
• Narrative citation: “Psychoanalysis Institute to Open” (1948)
• Use this format only if you are the person who is in possession of the newspaper clipping.

10. Historical publication of limited circulation

Sci-Art Publishers. (1935). Sci-Art publications [Brochure]. Roback Papers (HUGFP 104.50, Box 2, Folder “Miscellaneous Psychological Materials”), Harvard University Archives, Cambridge, MA, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (Sci-Art Publishers, 1935)
• Narrative citation: Sci-Art Publishers (1935)

11. Archived photographs, no author and no title

[Photographs of Robert M. Yerkes]. (ca. 1917–1954). Robert Mearns Yerkes Papers (Box 137, Folder 2292), Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, CT, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: ([Photographs of Robert M. Yerkes], ca. 1917–1954)
• Narrative citation: [Photographs of Robert M. Yerkes] (ca. 1917–1954)
• Because the archived photographs do not have a title, provide a bracketed description instead.
• Because the archived photographs do not have an author, move the bracketed description to the author position of the reference.

12. Microfilm

U.S. Census Bureau. (1880). 1880 U.S. census: Defective, dependent, and delinquent classes schedule: Virginia [Microfilm]. NARA Microfilm Publication T1132 (Rolls 33–34), National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC, United States.

• Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, 1880)
• Narrative citation: U.S. Census Bureau (1880)

Read the full APA guidelines on citing ChatGPT 

OpenAI. (2023).  ChatGPT  (Mar 14 version) [Large language model].  https://chat.openai.com/chat

• Parenthetical citation:  (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation:  OpenAI (2023)

Author:  The author of the model is OpenAI.

Date:  The date is the year of the version you used. Following the template in Section 10.10, you need to include only the year, not the exact date. The version number provides the specific date information a reader might need.

Title:  The name of the model is “ChatGPT,” so that serves as the title and is italicized in your reference, as shown in the template. Although OpenAI labels unique iterations (i.e., ChatGPT-3, ChatGPT-4), they are using “ChatGPT” as the general name of the model, with updates identified with version numbers.

The version number is included after the title in parentheses. The format for the version number in ChatGPT references includes the date because that is how OpenAI is labeling the versions. Different large language models or software might use different version numbering; use the version number in the format the author or publisher provides, which may be a numbering system (e.g., Version 2.0) or other methods.

Bracketed text  is used in references for additional descriptions when they are needed to help a reader understand what’s being cited. References for a number of common sources, such as journal articles and books, do not include bracketed descriptions, but things outside of the typical peer-reviewed system often do. In the case of a reference for ChatGPT, provide the descriptor “Large language model” in square brackets. OpenAI describes ChatGPT-4 as a “large multimodal model,” so that description may be provided instead if you are using ChatGPT-4. Later versions and software or models from other companies may need different descriptions, based on how the publishers describe the model. The goal of the bracketed text is to briefly describe the kind of model to your reader.

Source:  When the publisher name and the author name are the same, do not repeat the publisher name in the source element of the reference, and move directly to the URL. This is the case for ChatGPT. The URL for ChatGPT is  https://chat.openai.com/chat . For other models or products for which you may create a reference, use the URL that links as directly as possible to the source (i.e., the page where you can access the model, not the publisher’s homepage).

What to include and what to exclude

Works included in a reference list.

The reference list provides a reliable way for readers to identify and locate the works cited in a paper. APA Style papers generally include reference lists, not  bibliographies.

In general, each work cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text. Check your work carefully before submitting your manuscript or course assignment to ensure no works cited in the text are missing from the reference list and vice versa, with only the following exceptions.

Works Excluded From a Reference List

There are a few kinds of works that are not included in a reference list. Usually a work is not included because readers cannot recover it or because the mention is so broad that readers do not need a reference list entry to understand the use.

Information on works included in a reference list is covered in Sections 2.12 and 8.4 of the  APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition

*This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition.*

• Personal communications  such as emails, phone calls, or text messages are cited in the text only, not in the reference list, because readers cannot retrieve personal communications.
• General mentions of whole websites, whole periodicals, and common software and apps in the text do not require in-text citations or reference list entries because the use is broad and the source is familiar.
• The source of an epigraph does not usually appear in the reference list unless the work is a scholarly book or journal. For example, if you open the paper with an inspirational quotation by a famous person, the source of the quotation does not appear in the reference list because the quotation is meant to set the stage for the work, not substantiate a key point.   
• Quotations from research participants in a study you conducted can be presented and discussed in the text but do not need citations or reference list entries. Citations and reference list entries are not necessary because the quotations are part of your original research. They could also compromise participants’ confidentiality, which is an ethical violation.
• References included in a meta-analysis, which are marked with an asterisk in the reference list, may be cited in the text (or not) at the author’s discretion. This exception is relevant only to authors who are conducting a meta-analysis.

DOIs and URLs

The DOI or URL is the final component of a reference list entry. Because so much scholarship is available and/or retrieved online, most reference list entries end with either a DOI or a URL.

• A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies content and provides a persistent link to its location on the internet. DOIs can be found in database records and the reference lists of published works.
• A URL specifies the location of digital information on the internet and can be found in the address bar of your internet browser. URLs in references should link directly to the cited work when possible.

Follow these guidelines for including DOIs and URLs in references:

• Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version.
• If a print work does not have a DOI, do not include any DOI or URL in the reference.
• If an online work has both a DOI and a URL, include only the DOI.
• For works without DOIs from websites (not including academic research databases), provide a URL in the reference (as long as the URL will work for readers).
• For works without DOIs from most  academic research databases , do not include a URL or database information in the reference because these works are widely available. The reference should be the same as the reference for a print version of the work.
• For works from databases that publish original, proprietary material available only in that database (such as the UpToDate database) or for works of limited circulation in databases (such as monographs in the ERIC database), include the name of the database or archive and the URL of the work. If the URL requires a login or is session-specific (meaning it will not resolve for readers), provide the URL of the database or archive home page or login page instead of the URL for the work. See the page on including  database information in references  for more information. 
• If the URL is no longer working or no longer provides readers access to the content you intend to cite, follow the guidance for works with  no source .
• Other alphanumeric identifiers such as the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) and the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) are not included in APA Style references.

Follow these guidelines to format DOIs and URLs:

• Present both DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks (i.e., beginning with “http:” or “https:”).
• Because a hyperlink leads readers directly to the content, it is not necessary to include the words “Retrieved from” or “Accessed from” before a DOI or URL.
• It is acceptable to use either the default display settings for hyperlinks in your word-processing program (e.g., usually blue font, underlined) or plain text that is not underlined.
• Leave links live if the work is to be published or read online.
• Follow the current recommendations of the International DOI Foundation to format DOIs in the reference list, which as of this publication is as follows:

https://doi.org/ xxxxx

• The string “https://doi.org/” is a way of presenting a DOI as a link, and “xxxxx” refers to the DOI number.
• The preferred format of the DOI has changed over time. Although older works use previous formats (e.g., “http:/dx.doi.org/” or “doi:” or “DOI:” before the DOI number), in your reference list, standardize DOIs into the current preferred format for all entries. For example, use  https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040251  in your reference even though that article, published in 2016, presented the number in an older format.
• Copy and paste the DOI or URL from your web browser directly into your reference list to avoid transcription errors. Do not change the capitalization or punctuation of the DOI or URL. Do not add line breaks manually to the hyperlink; it is acceptable if your word-processing program automatically adds a break or moves the hyperlink to its own line.
• Do not add a period after the DOI or URL because this may interfere with link functionality.

When a DOI or URL is long or complex, you may use shortDOIs or shortened URLs if desired.

• Use the  shortDOI service  provided by the International DOI Foundation to create shortDOIs. A work can have only one DOI and only one shortDOI; the shortDOI service will either produce a new shortDOI for a work that has never had one or retrieve an existing shortDOI.
• Some websites provide their own branded shortened URLs, and independent URL shortening services are available as well. Any shortened URL is acceptable in a reference as long as you check the link to ensure that it takes you to the correct location.
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Education Quotes

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Religion has ever been anti-human, anti-woman, anti-life, anti-peace, anti-reason and anti-science. The god idea has been detrimental not only to humankind but to the earth. It is time now for reason, education and science to take over.

I do not need to establish a deep, lasting, time-consuming personal relationship with every student. What I must do is to be totally and nonselectively present to the student-to each student-as he addresses me. The time interval may be brief but the encounter is total.

International educational exchange is the most significant current project designed to continue the process of humanizing mankind to the point, we would hope, that men can learn to live in peace-eventually even to cooperate in constructive activities rather than compete in a mindless contest of mutual destruction....We must try to expand the boundaries of human wisdom, empathy and perception, and there is no way of doing that except through education.

There can be infinite uses of the computer and of new age technology, but if teachers themselves are not able to bring it into the classroom and make it work, then it fails.

Thousands are the children of poor foreigners, who have permitted them to grow up without school, education, or religion. All the neglect and bad education and evil example of a poor class tend to form others, who, as they mature, swell the ranks of ruffians and criminals. So, at length, a great multitude of ignorant, untrained, passionate, irreligious boys and young men are formed, who become the "dangerous class" of our city.

The essence of intercultural education is the acquisition of empathy-the ability to see the world as others see it, and to allow for the possibility that others may see something we have failed to see, or may see it more accurately. The simple purpose of the exchange program...is to erode the culturally rooted mistrust that sets nations against one another. The exchange program is not a panacea but an avenue of hope.

Peace is no mere matter of men fighting or not fighting. Peace, to have meaning for many who have known only suffering in both peace and war, must be translated into bread or rice, shelter, health, and education, as well as freedom and human dignity - a steadily better life. If peace is to be secure, long-suffering and long-starved, forgotten peoples of the world, the underprivileged and the undernourished, must begin to realize without delay the promise of a new day and a new life.

IF PARENTS PASS ENTHUSIASM ALONG TO THEIR CHILDREN, THEY WILL LEAVE THEM AN ESTATE OF INCALCULABLE VALUE

If you want to get laid, go to college. If you want an education, go to the library.

Self-centeredness will bring on the destruction of our world. National pride separates people. All people need the same thing. When you really get down to it, you'll find that all people need good food, clean water, clean air, and a decent environment, meaning education as to how to relate to one another and to avoid conflict, how to accept the differences where different people draw different conclusions.

My mother was the most beautiful woman I ever saw. All I am I owe to my mother. I attribute all my success in life to the moral, intellectual and physical education I received from her.

We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone knows anything about science and technology.

The United States spends over $87 billion conducting a war in Iraq while the United Nations estimates that for less than half that amount we could provide clean water, adequate diets, sanitations services and basic education to every person on the planet. And we wonder why terrorists attack us.

Learning is the beginning of wealth. Learning is the beginning of health. Learning is the beginning of spirituality. Searching and learning is where the miracle process all begins.

We are all born ignorant, but one must work hard to remain stupid.

Everyone who is educated today wants to sit at a comfortable desk under a fan and live in an air-conditioned house surrounded by a garden, coming and going in an American car as wide as the street. If we do not tear out this disease by the roots we shall have with us a bourgeoisie that is in no way connected with the reality of our life.

Kids not only need to read a lot but they need lots of books they can read right at their fingertips.They also need access to books that entice them, attract them to reading. Schools...can make it easy and unrisky for children to take books home for the evening or weekend by worrying less about losing books to children and more about losing children to illiteracy.

A liberally educated person meets new ideas with curiosity and fascination. An illiberally educated person meets new ideas with fear.

Education is the key to unlocking the world, a passport to freedom.

It must be remembered that the purpose of education is not to fill the minds of students with facts... it is to teach them to think.

Why should society feel responsible only for the education of children, and not for the education of all adults of every age?

The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education.

An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.

The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done.

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• Albert Einstein Theoretical Physicist
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• Ralph Waldo Emerson Essayist
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• Aristotle Philosopher
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• John F. Kennedy 35th U.S. President
• Horace Mann American Politician
• Plato Philosopher
• Abraham Lincoln 16th U.S. President
• Benjamin Franklin Founding Father of the United States
• Maria Montessori Physician
• Oscar Wilde Writer
• Winston Churchill Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• Thomas Huxley Biologist
• B. F. Skinner Psychologist
• Confucius Philosopher
• George Bernard Shaw Playwright
• Gilbert K. Chesterton Writer

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Basic advice on APA 7th ed.

If you need assistance with APA Style, please use the University Writing Center ( UWC Virtual ) if you are an undergraduate student. Graduate students can use the  UWC for Graduate Students .

• APA 7th ed. Quick Reference Guide Charts detail how to create a reference for a journal article, book, and a book chapter.
• Common Reference Examples Guide - APA This list offers examples of common types of references in APA Style, 7th edition.
• Reference Examples Over 100 reference list examples from the APA.
• APA 7th ed. Style and Grammar Guidelines The APA provides brief style and grammar guidelines for the 7th ed on the APA web site.
• APA Style Instructional Aids Includes tutorials, handouts, and sample papers.

APA Reference List Examples - Journal Articles - 7th ed.

"Include a DOI for all works that have a DOI, regardless of whether you used the online version or the print version."

Online or print article with DOI (direct object identifier) (add URL with the doi.org prefix) - Llyod, M. & MacDonald, M. (2011). Motor skills of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders.  Autism ,   17 (2),133–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361311402230

Online article with no DOI found in a library database (don't add any URL)  -- Herrington, J. & Oliver, R. (1999). Using situated learning and multimedia to investigate higher-order thinking.  Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia , 8 (4), 401-422. 

Online article with no DOI on the web (not in a library database) (add a URL when it works for readers) -- Shea, G. (2019, Spring). Relationships: The key to student success in afterschool programs. Afterschool Matters, 29 .  https://www.niost.org/Afterschool-Matters-Spring-2019/relationships

Article in print form with no DOI -- Ensign, P. & Hebert, L. (2010). How reputation affects knowledge sharing among colleagues.  MIT Sloan Management Review ,   51 (2), 79-81.

• APA 7th Journal Article Reference Checklist You can use this checklist from the APA to be certain all elements of a journal citation are correct.

APA Author Format Tips (7th ed.)

Use last name and initials Smith, A. Kennedy, J. F.

Multiple authors (2-20)   Smith, A., & Kennedy, J. F.  (1960). Smith, A., Kennedy, J. F., & Doe, J. (1961).

Multiple authors (21+) "When there are 21 or more authors include the first 19 authors' names, insert an ellipses (but no ampersand), and then add the final author's name" (APA Manual 7th ed. p. 286)

Organization as Author American Management Association. (2009).

  No Author "move the title of the work to the author position (followed by a period), before the date of publication" (APA Manual 7th ed. p. 289): Brain research needs new ideas. (2011, July 18). Wall Street Journal , p. A12.

• OWL on Reference List Authors
• OWL on In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

APA Works Cited Examples - Books, eBooks, Reports, etc. - 7th ed.

Book - print book or Library ebook without a DOI Tough, P. (2012).  How children succeed: Grit, curiosity, and the hidden power of character . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

eBook with a DOI Williamson, R., & Blackburn, B. R. (2016) The principalship from a to z  (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315707792

Newspaper Article (in a library database) Young, J. R. (2012, September 3). With 'access codes,' textbook pricing gets more complicated than ever. The Chronicle of Higher Education . 

Newspaper Article (from the web) Behrmann, S. (2019, October 24). Education Secretary Betsy DeVos held in civil contempt for violating judge's order on student loan collection. USA Today . https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2019/10/24/betsy-devos-contempt-violating-order-student-loans/4091621002/

A Dissertation found in ProQuest database Sharp, M. A. (2002).  An analysis of pupil-teacher ratio and class size: Differences that make a difference  (Publication No. 3074013) [Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Michigan University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. 

A Dissertation found on the web (not in a database) ​ Tenjeras Clarke, D. (2007).  Exploration into the Head Start fade phenomenon  [Doctoral dissertation, Eastern Michigan University]. Digital Commons @ EMU. https://commons.emich.edu/theses/137/

Report by an organization or government agency, with authors listed on the report Fung, A., Brown, C. & Tromble, K. (2022). Comprehensive approaches to student success: community of practice research and equity agenda. Institute for College Access & Success. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED617816

These links offer advice for using APA Style and have enough information for most student papers.

• APA Style Reference Examples This page offers links to example references for common types of materials such as journal articles, magazine articles, books, chapters from edited books, dissertations, etc.
• APA 7th ed. Style and Grammar Guidelines
• APA Style 7th ed. @ Purdue OWL Information on the format, in-text citations and the reference page for 7th ed. APA research papers. There are also links to archived pages for APA 6th information.
• APA Style Blog 7th ed. Official blog with posts on common questions about 7th ed APA style.
• Citation Tools Tools for creating citations and managing references.
• Microsoft Word / Google Docs: APA Formatting Help Tips for formatting documents in APA style in Microsoft Word or Google Docs.
• APA Student Paper Setup Guide Guide from APA showing how to set up an APA Style student paper.

Finding Pre-formatted Citations in Library Databases

You can save a lot of time using the Cite feature in library databases. Be careful, however, as these are often not perfect--so you may need to make some edits.

Advanced Tools for Grad Students & Faculty

• Citation Management Software Tips for selecting software for organizing references.
• Zotero Citation Manager Useful Information for getting started with Zotero.
• Stable Links to Library Resources Create links to library resources that will not expire.
• Database Alerts Set up alerts to keep up-to-date with your research interests.
• Data Management A basic guide to managing research data.
• Perma.cc A service for creating a permanent URL to a web resource.
• WayBack Machine - Internet Archive You can ask this site to "capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future." Click WEB the use the Save Page Now feature.
• OneTab Use this free web extension to help you save and organize websites that are open in your browser. "Whenever you find yourself with too many tabs, click the OneTab icon to convert all of your tabs into a list. When you need to access the tabs again, you can either restore them individually or all at once."
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Which style do I use?

Use the style that your professor specifies.

If your professor lets you choose the style and you are an Education student, you may want to choose APA Style, as you are likely to be asked to use APA again in Education classes.

University Writing Center

• UWC for Undergraduates This page explains how undergraduate students can get in-person or virtual writing help.
• UWC for Graduate Students

When using ERIC or PsycINFO  via ProQuest, look on the Abstract/Details page for "Cite  -- this can provide you with an APA citation. Be careful, however, as these aren't always perfect. You may have to make corrections to the citation . Common corrections might include:

• Fixing author names (first and last names sometimes get switched)
• Fixing capitalization in the article title. Are proper nouns capitalized?
• Masters theses might be misidentified as dissertations in citations
• The DOI link might include EMU proxy info that you may need to remove.  Don't use this type of link when you are writing for an audience outside of EMU. Ask your instructor before using this type of link in your assignments.

What is a doi ?

DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier. DOIs are used to identify electronic articles and function much like the ISBNs that you are used to for textbooks.

Unlike a web address, the DOI for an article never changes. APA Style recommends that you include a DOI when available.

Where do I find a DOI? The DOI is often printed on the first page of journal articles--sometimes at the top of the page and sometimes at the bottom. You will recognize it, because it usually is preceded by doi: and the number always starts with 10.

Some articles will not have a DOI, especially non-scholarly articles or older articles.

• Free DOI Look Up Enter citation info to find the DOI for an electronic article, eBook, etc.

Template for an APA style paper

• Heading Levels Template: Professional Paper (PDF, 179KB) This template is provided by the APA for papers done in 7th ed. APA.
• Heading Levels Template: Student Paper (PDF, 198KB) This template is provided by the APA for student papers done in 7th ed. APA.
• Microsoft Word Template for APA Style Paper You can download a free template to help you format a paper in APA Style. This will provide formats for your title page, margins, abstracts, headings, etc. Within Word you can also use the REFERENCES menu to help format citations.
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Education: Citing with APA

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This is a basic introduction to the APA citation style, based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th edition). APA style includes: an in-text citation in your document to briefly identify the source you have quoted or paraphrased; a Reference List for all in-text citations at the end of the document. For a general overview of APA referencing and practice examples see the tutorial on APA referencing .

Remember to format your citations with a hanging indent for second and subsequent lines of a reference.

Corporate authors with bilingual names

New Zealand government departments are increasingly adopting bilingual names. APA practice is to include both the English and Māori names in the order provided in the source, regardless of prominence. 

This can lead to rather long in-text citations. One method for dealing with this is to abbreviate the corporate author names after the first use.

First citation:  (Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga–Ministry of Education & New Zealand Teachers Council–Te Pouherenga Kaiako o Aotearaoa [TTOTM & NZTC], 2011).

All subsequent citations: (TTOTM & NZTC, 2011)

(Note: We have abbreviated the first name for each corporate author for simplicity, with the abbreviation still leading your reader to the correct place in the reference list)

Referencing images

If you are using images in undergraduate assignments, it is easiest to choose images in the public domain and/or with Creative Commons licenses. The PDF below offers guidance on how to locate and attribute such images.

If you are using images as part of your research (or are using an image that is copyrighted), please refer to the copyright advice provided on our research guides.

• Finding and referencing images A guide to referencing images in undergraduate assignments.

School Journals stories and articles should be referenced in a similar manner to  journal articles . Note that the year is used where you would usually put volume information, and the part and number information is in brackets, where you would usually put the issue number. More recently published School Journal stories refer to levels rather than parts and numbers. An example for both types:

Example references for print copy or electronic copies found via Journal Surf (i.e. behind paywall):

Wood Carving (by B. Martin in School Journal 2005, Year 5, Part 2, No. 1) is referenced as follows:

Martin, B. (2005). Wood carving. School Journal, 2005 (Pt. 2, No. 1), 28–32.

Mahinga Kai Crusaders (by S. Walsh in School Journal 2014 (Level 3)) is referenced as follows:

Walsh, S. (2014). Mahinga kai crusaders.  School Journal, 2014 (April, Lvl. 3),   36–43. 

Example references for electronic copy found via TKI (i.e. freely available):

Walsh, S. (2014). Mahinga kai crusaders.  School Journal, 2014 (April, Lvl. 3),   36–43. https://instructionalseries.tki.org.nz/Instructional-Series/School-Journal/School-Journal-Level-3-September-2014/Mahinga-Kai-Crusaders

Frequently cited

Anthony, G., & Walshaw, M. (2009). Effective pedagogy in mathematics . International Academy of Education; International Bureau of Education. https://www.ibe.unesco.org//fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Educational_Practices/EdPractices_19.pdf

Education Council New Zealand–Matatū Aotearoa. (2011). Tātaiako: Cultural competencies for teachers of Māori learners.  Ministry of Education.

(nb. This is a reference for the original print version of Tātaiako, published before the Education Council changed its name to the New Zealand Teachers Council)

Education Council New Zealand – Matatū   Aotearoa .  (2017). Our code our standards: Code of professional responsibility and standards for the teaching profession: Ngā tikanga matatika ngā paerewa: Ngā tikanga matatika mō te haepapa ngaiotanga me ngā paerewa mō te umanga whakaakoranga . 

Kōrero Mātauranga. (2019).  He taonga te tamaiti: Every child a taonga: Early learning action plan 2019–2029. Ministry of Education.   https://conversation-space.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/SES_0342_ELS_10YP_Final+Report_Web.pdf

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2017). Te whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa: Early childhood curriculum . https://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Early-Childhood/Te-Whariki-Early-Childhood-Curriculum-ENG-Web.pdf

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2007). The New Zealand curriculum . https://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/content/download/1108/11989/file/NZ%20Curriculum%20Web.pdf

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga. (2018). Tapasā: Cultural competencies framework for teachers of Pacific learners .

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga. (2018). Tapasā: Cultural competencies framework for teachers of Pacific learners . https://teachingcouncil.nz/assets/Files/Tapasa/Tapasa-Cultural-Competencies-Framework-for-Teachers-of-Pacific-Learners-2019.pdf

Te Tāhuhu o Te Mātauranga–Ministry of Education & New Zealand Teachers Council–Te Pouherenga Kaiako o Aotearoa. (2011).  Tātaiako: Cultural competencies for teachers of Māori learners . Ministry of Education. https://teachingcouncil.nz/required/Tataiako.pdf

(nb. This is a reference for the electronic version of Tātaiako)

Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2009). Te whatu pōkeka: Kaupapa Māori assessment for learning: Early childhood exemplars . Learning Media. https://assets.education.govt.nz/public/Documents/Early-Childhood/TeWhatuPokeka.pdf

Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha–University of Canterbury. (n.d.). Ako waitaha: ITE philosophy . AKO | LEARN. https://learn.canterbury.ac.nz

Convention on the Rights of the Child reference on the APA7 webpage here  under Multilateral Treaties.

The format for Early Childhood Regulations can be found on the APA7 webpage here  under Secondary legislation, including legislative instruments/regulations.

G.A. Res. 61/295, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (September 13, 2007). https://social.desa.un.org/issues/indigenous-peoples/united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples

In-text citation examples: (G.A. Res. 61/295, 2007) (G.A. Res. 61/295, 2007, art. 3)

If starting a sentence:

Article 3 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (G.A. Res. 61/295, 2007) states that....  

Referencing information from TKI

A PDF document.

Ministry of Education. (2009). Te aho arataki marau mō te ako i te reo Māori—Kura auraki: Curriculum guidelines for teaching and learning te reo Māori in English-medium schools: Years 1–13 . Learning Media. https://tereomaori.tki.org.nz/content/download/762/4184/file/ Curriculum%20guidelines.PDF

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2007). The New Zealand curriculum: Achievement objectives by learning area: Set of 8 charts . https://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/content/download/1109/11992/file/Charts2.pdf

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2011, November 24). Manaakitanga . New Zealand Curriculum Guides – Senior Secondary. https://seniorsecondary.tki.org.nz/The-arts/Pedagogy/Culturally-responsive-learning-environments/Manaakitanga

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (2014, April 3). Mathematics and statistics: Achievement objectives . The New Zealand Curriculum Online. https://nzcurriculum.tki.org.nz/The-New-Zealand-Curriculum/Mathematics-and-statistics/Achievement-objectives

Ministry of Education–Te Tāhuhu o te Mātauranga. (n.d.). Sustainability . Te Whāriki Online. https://tewhariki.tki.org.nz/en/teaching-strategies-and-resources/belonging/sustainability/

RESOURCE SET | Te reo Māori rerenga kōrero and waiata

This is a set of Early Childhood te reo Māori rerenga kōrero (everyday phrases) and  waiata  used within 27 curriculum areas and activities within the daily programme. One area provides insights and provokes Kaiako understandings of a range of tikanga Māori Principle(s) within the context of each of the 27 curriculum areas/activities.

Each brochure will need to be referenced individually and an exemplar is provided below. You will need to change the title and the URL to reflect the brochure you have used.

Reference list:

Williams, N. M., & Te Rongopatahi, K. M. (2023).  Ki te hoe – Indigenising practice: Te reo me ngā tikanga Māori: Rauemi mā ngā kaiako: Rua kirikiri: Sandpit  [Brochure]. Ako Aotearoa; University of Canterbury.  https://ako.ac.nz/assets/Knowledge-centre/Ki-Te-Hoe-Indigenising-Practice/Set-of-Te-reo-Maori-rerenga-korero-and-waiata-/Rua-Kirikiri-Sandpit.pdf

Referencing Kei tua o te pae

The whole work :

Carr, M., Lee, W., & Jones, C. (2004–2009). Kei tua o te pae: Assessment for learning: Early childhood exemplars .  Learning Media.

An individual book :

Carr, M., Lee, W., & Jones, C. (2007). Kei tua o te pae: Assessment for learning: Early childhood exemplars (Book 15).  Learning Media.

An individual book listing a co-author (applies to book 3,  8, 9, 17 and book 18 only) – add the co-author/s:

Carr, M., Lee, W., Jones, C., & Peters, S. (2009). Kei tua o te pae: Assessment for learning: Early childhood exemplars (Book 18). Learning Media.

Carr, M., Lee, W., Jones, C., & Hatherly, A. (2009). Kei tua o te pae: Assessment for learning: Early childhood exemplars (Book 17). Learning Media.

If a corporate author, e.g. a Centre, is listed in addition to personal authors, do not include it.

Contact us for help

Have a question? Ask a librarian below:

Conference material

If a paper presentation or poster session at a conference is not published, list the presenter, specific date, name of paper with the format in square brackets, and place. For example: 

Carr, M. (2003, November). Changing the lens [Paper presentation]. New Zealand Association for Research in Education Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.

If, however, the paper was published treat it as a book or a chapter in a book (or a journal).

Education legislation

The format for Acts is as follows:

In-text , put the title of the Act in brackets.

(Education Act 1989)

Reference list ,  put:

Title of the Act. Website url (if retrieved online)

Education Act 1989. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/ 1989/0080/latest/whole.html

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Referencing for Education

Referencing examples, referencing for education: referencing examples.

• Referencing styles
• When and how to reference
• Citation and referencing tools

On this page you'll find examples of some of the most common types of resources that you will need to reference during your time studying education at Deakin.

Click on the plus icons below to explore the examples. These have all been formatted using APA 7 .   

If you get stuck, check out Deakin’s Referencing Guide for more information and examples.

Frameworks and toolkits

Department/Organisation. (Year). Title, Site name (exclude if same as author name). URL.

Framework examples

Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF)  

In-text citation 

The Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework (VEYLDF) emphasises the importance of supporting children’s and families’ transitions as they move across services throughout the early childhood period (Department of Education and Training [DET] & Victorian Curriculum Assessment Authority [VCAA], 2016). 

The VEYLDF provides a common language to describe young children’s learning, and common principles to guide practice (DET, & VCAA, 2016).   

Reference list 

Department of Education and Training, & Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2016). Victorian early years learning and development framework: For all children from birth to eight years . State of Victoria. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/childhood/providers/edcare/veyldframework.pdf   

Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)

In-text citation

This framework, "support[s] early childhood providers, teachers and educators to extend and enrich children’s learning from birth to 5 years and through the transition to school" (Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE], 2022). 

Reference list

Australian Government Department of Education [AGDE] (2022).  Belonging, being and becoming: The early years learning framework for Australia (V2.0 ). ACT: Australian Government Department of Education for the Ministerial Council. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/EYLF-2022-V2.0.pdf

Toolkit example

Literacy Teaching Toolkit  

The Literacy Teaching Toolkit provides practical advice and high impact teaching practices that improve outcomes in reading, writing, and speaking and listening. (Department of Education and Training [DET] 2019).

The Toolkit contains resources that can help build coherent literacy and/or numeracy improvement cultures in a range of different disciplines (DET, 2019).   

Department of Education and Training. (2019). Literacy teaching toolkit. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/Pages/default.aspx

• Where no date is specified use n.d. 
• If the name of a department or agency is long and the abbreviation is familiar to readers, cite the full name and provide the abbreviation in square brackets in the first instance. Use the abbreviation in subsequent references. 
• Use sentence case for titles of articles, books, reports and webpages, even if the title case was used in the original work; capitalise each word for journal titles. 

Curriculum resources and standards

Department/Organisation. (Year). Title , Site name (exclude if same as author name). URL. 

VCAA Victorian Curriculum

The Humanities framework of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (n.d.) is one that allows students to examine the complex processes that have shaped the modern world. 

In History and Geography, students explore the processes that have shaped, and which continue to shape, different societies and cultures (VCAA, n.d.). 

Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (n.d.). About the humanities . https://victoriancurriculum.vcaa.vic.edu.au/the-humanities/introduction/about-the-humanities 

AITSL Australian professional standards for teachers

In-text citation  .

The Australian professional standards for teachers outline seven standards in the areas of professional knowledge, professional practice and professional engagement (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL], n.d.). 

The first standard, “Know students and how they learn”, focuses on physical, social, and intellectual development and characteristics of students (AITSL, n.d.). 

Reference list  

Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership. (n.d.). Australian professional standards for teachers . https://www.aitsl.edu.au/standards 

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority (ACECQA)

The early years are critical for establishing self-esteem, resilience, healthy growth and capacity to learn (Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority [ACECQA], n.d.).  

StartingBlocks is an initiative which provides parents with information about early childhood education and care to help them make the best choice for their child and family (ACECQA, n.d.). 

Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority. (n.d.). What is the NQF?  https://www.acecqa.gov.au/nqf/about. 

If the publisher is the same as the author, omit the publisher’s name. 

Professional associations and industry organisations

Organisation. (Year, Month if known). Title . URL.

Early Childhood Australia

Be You is a national initiative that equips educators to support the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people from birth to 18 years, providing an end-to-end approach for early learning services, school age care services, primary schools, and secondary schools across Australia (Early Childhood Australia [ECA], 2022). 

Early Childhood Australia. (2022). Be you early learning. https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/our-work/beyou/#:~:text=You_Early_Learning-,What_is_Be_You%3F,and_secondary_schools_across_Australia 

Victorian Aboriginal Education Association (VAEA)

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are twice as likely to be more developmentally vulnerable early in life than non-Indigenous children because of the continuing impact of colonization (Victorian Aboriginal Education Association [VAEA], 2020). 

Introductory protocols are important. Be prepared to spend time sharing personal background information about yourself and the purpose of your activity. Realise that relationships take time to develop (VAEA, 2020). 

Victorian Aboriginal Education Association. (2020). Aboriginal early childhood cultural protocols. https://www.vaeai.org.au/wp-content/uploads/delightful-downloads/2020/06/2020Cutural_Protocols_VAEAI-1.pdf 

United Nations Children's Fund

Defined as an ongoing and repeated behaviour that intentionally causes harm, the physical, psychological and social effects of bullying can last a lifetime (United Children’s Nations Fund [UNICEF], 2014).  

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014, September). Hidden in plain sight: A statistical analysis of violence against children.  https://data.unicef.org/resources/hidden-in-plain-sight-a-statistical-analysis-of-violence-against-children/ 

• When referencing a document from a webpage, follow the guidelines for citing a webpage and include a link to the document. 
• Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage 

Government documents

Organisation/Department. (year). Title (sentence case). (Report no., if available). https://URL [hyperlinked]

Department of Education and Training

In-text citation  .

The NAPLAN has been found to have the potential to narrow the curriculum, thus restricting student learning, in several ways (Department of Education and Training [DET], 2019). 

Teachers can focus their lessons exclusively to those aspects of the curriculum that are being tested by NAPLAN, denying students access to the rich array of topics offered through other subjects (DET, 2019). 

Department of Education and Training. (2017). NAPLAN review interim report https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/about/programs/NAPLANreviewinterimreport_nov2019.pdf  

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW, 2022), child deaths have halved from 20 to 10 deaths per 100,000 children. 

A recently released report shows that most Australian children are healthy, safe and doing well, but there is scope for further gains in some areas (AIHW, 2022). 

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2022). Australia’s children. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children/contents/executive-summary  

Australian Bureau of Statistics

In the last 12 months, 42% of Australians aged 15-74 (7.8 million people) have participated in learning (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2021). 

Online learning is currently the most common way work-related training is delivered (ABS, 2021). 

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Work-related training and adult learning, Australia. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/education/work-related-training-and-adult-learning-australia/2020-21   

If the name of a department or agency is long and the abbreviation is familiar to readers, cite the full name and provide the abbreviation in brackets in the first instance. Use the abbreviation in subsequent references. 

Streaming videos

The format of streaming video references can vary depending on the production company behind the video an the platform it is accessed on.

Producer/Writer/Presenter/Speaker, Initials. [screen name]. (year, month day). Title [Video file]. URL

Always provide information about the person (producer) who has uploaded the video. Provide their real name and then the screen name/username in square brackets. If only the screen name is known, provide this without brackets.

You can also cite a person who appears in the video, even if they didn't produce the video.

To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual(s) in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video.

See further details

Mike Christiansen, a 9th grade social studies teacher at Kent-Meridian High School in Kent, WA, uses YouTube in his classroom to transform it into a 21st century learning environment (Teachers, 2012).

Teachers. (2012, September 13). 21st century classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School. [YouTube]. 21st Century Classroom: YouTube @ Kent-Meridian High School

Speaker/presenter. (Year, month). Title of video [Video]. TED Conferences. URL.

Robinson (2010) makes the case for a radical shift from standardised schools to personalized learning -- creating conditions where kids' natural talents can flourish.

A radical shift from standardised schools to personalised learning is advocated as a way of helping children to develop their natural talents (Robinson, 2010).

Robinson, K. (2010, May). Bring on the learning revolution! [Video]. TED2010. https://www.ted.com/talks/sir_ken_robinson_bring_on_the_learning_revolution?language=en  

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known). Title of video [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.

When an elementary school in the United States implemented a gender training course for its teachers, it resulted in a significant and positive impact on student wellbeing outcomes (Sturnik, 2016).

Sturnik, J. (Director). (2016). Creating gender inclusive schools. [Video]. Kanopy. 

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APA Referencing - Education & CCSC students: Quotes & citations

• Abbreviations
• Journal article
• Quotes & citations
• Reference lists
• Referencing questions
• Audiovisual works
• Brochure or pamphlet
• Conference paper
• Dictionary/Encyclopedia
• Government publication
• Gray literature
• Group author
• Interviews/Research data
• Lecture notes/Tutorial material
• Newspaper/Magazine
• Personal communication
• Self-referencing
• Software app
• Figures & tables
• Unpublished or informally published work

Quotes and Citations

The APA style is an author-date style used for citing and referencing information in assignments and publications. In addition to the specific information provided on the tabs above on how to reference particular sources there are some overall style rules you need to follow, which are detailed below.

APA 7th Edition

Quotations and citations.

And or &

Use and  between the two author names within the narrative when referencing a work by two authors, while an ampersand– & –is used inside parentheses.

Use  and  within the sentence.

Use an ampersand in the parentheses.

Citations within quotations

According to the APA Publication Manual (2020):

When quoting material that contains embedded citations, include the citations within the quotation. Do not include these works in the reference list unless you cite them as primary sources elsewhere in your paper. (p. 276)

APA. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association (APA). 

Citing an author cited within the reference

You may want to cite an author who is cited within the work you are reading, e.g. if Kemmis quotes Young in his journal article and you want to refer to the idea from Young. It is not necessary to find the original source, i.e. the book that Young wrote, to use as your reference. Put the source you read in your reference list and refer to the cited author in your in-text reference in the following way.

Kanner, the researcher who originally described classic autism, used the term "fragmentary processing" (Kanner, 1943, cited in Happe, 1994, p. 127).

Reference List   Happe, F. (1994).  Autism: An introduction to psychological theory.  Psychological Press.

Location of in-text citations

Write the in-text citation immediately after the author's surname when writing the author's name in the sentence (narrative citation).

When not using the author's name in the sentence put the citation at the end of the sentence (parenthetical citation).

For quotations within the sentence structure, put the in-text citation with the page number immediately after the end of the quote (parenthetical citation).

Where the author name and citation has been used earlier in the sentence, use the page number only as the citation after the quote (narrative citation).

See also  Narrative and parenthetical citations  

Multiple authors

When there are multiple authors for one work, the number of authors determines the way that the work is cited in-text.  "For a work with one or two authors, include the author name(s) in every citation ...  For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus 'et al.' in every citation, including the first citation" (APA, 2020, p. 266).

In-text reference

Two authors (narrative):

Three or more authors (narrative)-- Use for all in-text citations, including the first citation:

Reference List Examples 

The full reference for the above examples of citations with multiple authors is shown below.

For a text with two authors, list both author names with an ampersand [&] between, and a comma after each surname and before the ampersand.  

For a text with three or more authors (up to 20), list all authors with an ampersand [&] before the last author name, and a comma after each surname and between authors.

Reference List for this Section

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). 

Multiple works by the same author(s) with the same publication date

Multiple works by the same author with the same publication date.

References by the same author(s) with the same publication date are arranged alphabetically by title (excluding  A  or  The ). Place lowercase letters-- a, b, c , and so forth--immediately after the year, within the parentheses. 

Baheti, J. R. (2001a).  Control ... Baheti, J. R. (2001b).  Roles of ...

Once you know the order of the reference list (by title) use the publication year with the lower-case letter for in-text citations, e.g. (Baheti, 2001b).

(American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 303-306)

Multiple works in one in-text reference

There can be times in your research when you have read the same idea from different authors in different sources. When including multiple works in an in-text reference, order them alphabetically according to the first author's surname and separating each citation with a semi-colon.

Biblical and non-biblical references in the same in-text citation

Biblical and non-biblical references in the same citation.

When inserting more than one biblical and non-biblical references at the same point, use the same set of parentheses. List the Bible references first, in biblical order, and then the author references, in alphabetical order. Use a semi-colon to separate each reference.

Narrative and parenthetical citations

There are two types of in-text citations, narrative and parenthetical. In a narrative citation, the author's (or authors') surname is written within the sentence structure, maintaining the sentence grammar. The publication year is written immediately after the author name.

In the example above, the author names are written within the sentence grammar and the publication year is written immediately after the name(s). In the example below, the author names are written in parentheses after the idea they refer to. Often, depending on the length and complexity of the the sentence, the most appropriate place is the end of the sentence.

See also  Location of in-text citations

Paraphrasing and page numbers

To paraphrase is to write about an author's idea in your own words. In APA, paraphrasing is preferred: direct quotations should be used sparingly. Provide the in-text citation for the work you are paraphrasing. Page numbers in in-text citations are optional when you paraphrase. (Note: Page numbers are required for direct quotations.)

Quotations are used sparingly. Paraphrasing is preferred: c omprehensive referencing enables readers to check the sources for themselves. However, sometimes the meaning cannot be rendered through paraphrasing, as when reporting research participants' interview answers.

When using direct quotations in your assignment, include page numbers for every quotation. 

Quotations are formatted in two ways, based on the length of the quotation.   If the quote is under 40 words, place double quotation marks around the words, preserve the sentence grammar and punctuation, and include the in-text citation within the sentence punctuation.

If the quotation is 40 words or longer, the quote is formatted as an indented block paragraph. Start the quote indented on a new line, without double quotation marks. Place the in-text citation, including page numbers, at the end of the quotation and after the end of the sentence punctuation.

Parenthetical citation example:

Students explained that they read dystopian novels because the novels helped them to see what is necessary to create a better, fairer world. One student stated that:

Authors take a wrongness in the world and exaggerate it and show what could happen if things continued in that way – and it would be a disservice to the author if you don’t try to understand that problem and where it came from and what you could do about it. (Wilhelm, 2015, p. 18)

If the author name has been used in the text of the sentence (a narrative citation), the year appears immediately after the author name and the page number appears separately after the quotation.

Narrative citation example:

If there are no page numbers, such as on a website, replace page numbers with paragraph numbers, using the abbreviation 'para.' 

When to cite

The advice given in the APA Publication Manual on when to cite includes the following:

Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or research have directly influenced your work. The works you cite provide key background information, support or dispute your thesis, or offer critical definitions and data.  Cite only works that you have read and ideas that you have incorporated into your writing. (p. 253)

Abbreviating titles and organisation names

Abbreviating a title is particularly relevant when referring to the Bible frequently, using a version with a long title and sometimes a sub-title. In the examples below, check the copyright page of the version you are referring to and insert your Bible's details. For more information about referencing the Bible, see  How to reference the Bible .

The Bible is cited as though it is a book with no author. The title is used in the place of the author.

The examples below demonstrate the abbreviation of an organisational name used as a group author .

After the use of the full name followed by the abbreviation in the first citation, the abbreviation "APA" can be used in following in-text citations. Use square brackets inside parentheses. 

More information -- How to reference the  Bible

More information -- Group author

Quotations from sources without page numbers

Websites and some ebook formats do not have page numbers. If page numbers exist, use them in the same way as for a print book. If a page number is not given, use headings and paragraph numbers in place of the page number.

In this example, "Center on the Developing Child" is the group author of the website, the title of the web page is "InBrief: Executive Function: Skills for Life and Learning" and the quotation is taken from the first paragraph.

In-text reference (Block quotation)

Being able to focus, hold, and work with information in mind, filter distractions, and switch gears is like having an air traffic control system at a busy airport to manage the arrivals and departures of dozens of planes on multiple runways. In the brain, this air traffic control mechanism is called executive functioning, a group of skills that helps us to focus on multiple streams of information at the same time, and revise plans as necessary. (Center on the Developing Child, InBrief: Executive Function: Skills for Life and Learning, para. 1)

Reference list

Center on the Developing Child. (2018). A guide to executive function. Harvard University. https://developingchild.harvard.edu/resources/inbrief-executive-function-skills-for-life-and-learning/

eBook without page numbers

In this example, the in-text and full reference together show that Gosbell is the chapter author, the book is an edited collection, and the section quoted is paragraph 3 of the third section of Chapter 23. The section heading is "Universal Design for Learning." In the full reference, the page numbers for Chapter 23 were taken from the book's Table of Contents.

In-text reference (Short quotation)

"It was the principles associated with Universal Design in the built environment that led to the development of UDL in education" (Gosbell, 2021, 23.3 Universal Design for Learning, para. 3).

Gosbell, L. (2021). Universal Design for Learning in Christian higher education: Inclusive practices for students with and without disability. In J. M. Luetz & B. Green (Eds.),  Innovating Christian education research: Multidisciplinary perspectives  (pp. 423-443). Springer.  http://search.ebscohost.com/  

Referencing a foreword, preface, or acknowledgement

To reference a quotation taken from the introductory pages of a work before the first chapter (e.g., foreword, preface, acknowledgement, introduction) by the book authors , use the page numbering provided and cite as you would the body of the work. The page numbers are sometimes given as Roman numerals.

In-text citation

Foreword by a different author

If the foreword was written by a different author, include the author's name in the in-text citation when quoting the foreword. If the work is a new edition with a different foreword, include the original year of publication. ( Do not include the foreword author in the citation when referring to the body of the book; cite the book authors only.)

In this example, the book author is Palmer; it is a new edition with a new foreword by Walsh; the original edition was published in 1998 and the new edition in 2017; and, Roman numerals have been used for the foreword page numbers to distinguish the front pages from the body of the book.

More information

Example on the APA website  (scroll down to section 4)

The APA publication manual describes a footnote as "a brief note that provides additional content or copyright attribution" (APA, 2020, p. 40).

In APA style, footnotes are not used for citations. This is in contrast to some referencing systems that use footnoted citations instead of in-text citations.  All citations in APA referencing are included as in-text citations.

Footnotes in APA style should be used sparingly, only when the inclusion of the content in the main text is distracting or disruptive to the flow of the text,  and then to convey just one supplemental piece of information concisely.

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Citation Styles Guide | Examples for All Major Styles

Published on June 24, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on November 7, 2022.

A citation style is a set of guidelines on how to cite sources in your academic writing . You always need a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize a source to avoid plagiarism . How you present these citations depends on the style you follow. Scribbr’s citation generator can help!

Different styles are set by different universities, academic associations, and publishers, often published in an official handbook with in-depth instructions and examples.

There are many different citation styles, but they typically use one of three basic approaches: parenthetical citations , numerical citations, or note citations.

Parenthetical citations

• Chicago (Turabian) author-date

CSE name-year

Numerical citations

CSE citation-name or citation-sequence

Note citations

• Chicago (Turabian) notes and bibliography

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Table of contents

Types of citation: parenthetical, note, numerical, which citation style should i use, parenthetical citation styles, numerical citation styles, note citation styles, frequently asked questions about citation styles.

The clearest identifying characteristic of any citation style is how the citations in the text are presented. There are three main approaches:

• Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant ( author-date ). Sometimes the publication date is omitted ( author-page ).
• Numerical citations: You include a number in brackets or in superscript, which corresponds to an entry in your numbered reference list.
• Note citations: You include a full citation in a footnote or endnote, which is indicated in the text with a superscript number or symbol.

Citation styles also differ in terms of how you format the reference list or bibliography entries themselves (e.g., capitalization, order of information, use of italics). And many style guides also provide guidance on more general issues like text formatting, punctuation, and numbers.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

In most cases, your university, department, or instructor will tell you which citation style you need to follow in your writing. If you’re not sure, it’s best to consult your institution’s guidelines or ask someone. If you’re submitting to a journal, they will usually require a specific style.

Sometimes, the choice of citation style may be left up to you. In those cases, you can base your decision on which citation styles are commonly used in your field. Try reading other articles from your discipline to see how they cite their sources, or consult the table below.

The American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommends citing your sources using Chicago author-date style . AAA style doesn’t have its own separate rules. This style is used in the field of anthropology.

APA Style is defined by the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association . It was designed for use in psychology, but today it’s widely used across various disciplines, especially in the social sciences.

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The citation style of the American Political Science Association (APSA) is used mainly in the field of political science.

The citation style of the American Sociological Association (ASA) is used primarily in the discipline of sociology.

Chicago author-date

Chicago author-date style is one of the two citation styles presented in the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition). It’s used mainly in the sciences and social sciences.

The citation style of the Council of Science Editors (CSE) is used in various scientific disciplines. It includes multiple options for citing your sources, including the name-year system.

Harvard style is often used in the field of economics. It is also very widely used across disciplines in UK universities. There are various versions of Harvard style defined by different universities—it’s not a style with one definitive style guide.

Check out Scribbr’s Harvard Reference Generator

MLA style is the official style of the Modern Language Association, defined in the MLA Handbook (9th edition). It’s widely used across various humanities disciplines. Unlike most parenthetical citation styles, it’s author-page rather than author-date.

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The American Chemical Society (ACS) provides guidelines for a citation style using numbers in superscript or italics in the text, corresponding to entries in a numbered reference list at the end. It is used in chemistry.

The American Medical Association ( AMA ) provides guidelines for a numerical citation style using superscript numbers in the text, which correspond to entries in a numbered reference list. It is used in the field of medicine.

CSE style includes multiple options for citing your sources, including the citation-name and citation-sequence systems. Your references are listed alphabetically in the citation-name system; in the citation-sequence system, they appear in the order in which you cited them.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) provides guidelines for citing your sources with IEEE in-text citations that consist of numbers enclosed in brackets, corresponding to entries in a numbered reference list. This style is used in various engineering and IT disciplines.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) citation style is defined in Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition).

Vancouver style is also used in various medical disciplines. As with Harvard style, a lot of institutions and publications have their own versions of Vancouver—it doesn’t have one fixed style guide.

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The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation is the main style guide for legal citations in the US. It’s widely used in law, and also when legal materials need to be cited in other disciplines.

Chicago notes and bibliography

Chicago notes and bibliography is one of the two citation styles presented in the Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition). It’s used mainly in the humanities.

The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities ( OSCOLA ) is the main legal citation style in the UK (similar to Bluebook for the US).

There are many different citation styles used across different academic disciplines, but they fall into three basic approaches to citation:

• Parenthetical citations : Including identifying details of the source in parentheses —usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if available ( author-date ). The publication date is occasionally omitted ( author-page ).
• Numerical citations: Including a number in brackets or superscript, corresponding to an entry in your numbered reference list.
• Note citations: Including a full citation in a footnote or endnote , which is indicated in the text with a superscript number or symbol.

Check if your university or course guidelines specify which citation style to use. If the choice is left up to you, consider which style is most commonly used in your field.

• APA Style is the most popular citation style, widely used in the social and behavioral sciences.
• MLA style is the second most popular, used mainly in the humanities.
• Chicago notes and bibliography style is also popular in the humanities, especially history.
• Chicago author-date style tends to be used in the sciences.

Other more specialized styles exist for certain fields, such as Bluebook and OSCOLA for law.

The most important thing is to choose one style and use it consistently throughout your text.

A scientific citation style is a system of source citation that is used in scientific disciplines. Some commonly used scientific citation styles are:

• Chicago author-date , CSE , and Harvard , used across various sciences
• ACS , used in chemistry
• AMA , NLM , and Vancouver , used in medicine and related disciplines
• AAA , APA , and ASA , commonly used in the social sciences

APA format is widely used by professionals, researchers, and students in the social and behavioral sciences, including fields like education, psychology, and business.

Be sure to check the guidelines of your university or the journal you want to be published in to double-check which style you should be using.

MLA Style  is the second most used citation style (after APA ). It is mainly used by students and researchers in humanities fields such as literature, languages, and philosophy.

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, November 07). Citation Styles Guide | Examples for All Major Styles. Scribbr. Retrieved June 28, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/citation-styles/

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12 Motivational Education Quotes to Inspire You

By Kendall Bird on 10/18/2012

It takes someone special to be an educator; a person who cares for others, and aims to help students grow to their fullest potential. The best teachers are capable, dedicated and hardworking, along with having an interest in making a substantial difference in the future of children.

Deciding to study early childhood education is a unique calling and career, but where do you find your motivation? In today’s world, inspiration takes many forms and has many different sources. To help you stay inspired, we chose 12 motivational education quotes from past educators, lawmakers and historical figures to do just that.

Whether you are seeking inspiration or just looking for a pick-me-up during the day, we hope these quotes about education encourage and inspire your work in early childhood education. Remember, quotes are not only a powerful way to showcase how you feel, but also a way to convey a message to many.

Share your inspiration with friends, fellow students and co-workers on social media too! Pin them to your Pinterest board and share them via Facebook .

12 Motivational quotes about education

1. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. -Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa and political activist

2.Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education. - Martin Luther King Jr., clergyman, activist and leader of the American civil rights movement

3. Free the child's potential, and you will transform him into the world. - Maria Montessori, Italian physician and educator

4. The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts. - C.S. Lewis, novelist, poet, literary critic, essayist and Christian apologist

5. What the best and wisest parent wants for his own child that must the community want for all its children. - John Dewey, U.S. philosopher and educator

6. Try not to have a good time ... this is supposed to be educational. - Charles M. Schulz, cartoonist

7. Wisdom begins with wonder. - Socrates, Greek philosopher

8.For children, play is as natural as breathing—and as necessary. - Mimi Brodsky Chenfeld, U.S. early childhood educator and author

9. Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. -Henry Ford, founder of Ford Motor Company

10. Let us think of education as the means of developing our greatest abilities, because in each of us there is a private hope and dream which, fulfilled, can be translated into benefit for everyone and greater strength for our nation. - John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States

11. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men. - Frederick Douglass, American social reformer, writer and statesman

12. A teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops. - Henry Adams, journalist, historian and novelist

RELATED ARTICLES:

• Your Lesson Plan for Becoming a Preschool Teacher
• Experts Shed Light on the Importance of Early Childhood Education
• Why Become a Teacher: Educators Share What They Love About Their Work
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Kendall Bird

Kendall is a Social Media Strategist at Collegis Education who is focused on bringing awareness and engagement to Rasmussen University's social media properties. She is passionate about helping others, the power of education and building strategies that put the needs of students first.

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Citation and Format Styles

Research management, education librarian.

Why We Cite

Citation is an essential part of research. Not only does it give credit to the authors whose work informs your own, but it also allows other researchers to understand your research in the broader context of your topic, follow how you came to your own conclusions, and explore these works further on their own.

Citation + Format Styles

There are many citation styles that prescribe how to format both your citations and your research product. Below, we highlight three of the most common - APA, MLA, and Chicago.

In Education, we most often use APA Style, although different instructors and publishers may require a different style.

We also share a few citation management softwares that can be used to create and organize your citations and build bibliographies. These tools go beyond citation to help you generally manage your research.

APA Style is a popular format choice for researchers and authors in the social sciences and education. The official resource guiding APA Style is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

Often referred to simply as the Publication Manual or the APA Manual, this text covers both citation structure, including in-text and reference list citations, as well as style and grammar standards, such as how to write out numbers, punctuation, and paper headings.

The Publication Manual at the UCLA Library

Online APA Resources

The official website for APA Style. Resources include various instructional aids  (e.g. tutorials and webinars, handouts and guides, and sample papers), as well as detailed overviews of APA style and grammar guidelines. In addition, the APA Style Blog offers guidance on a variety of unique and specific circumstances surrounding the use of APA.

Purdue OWL APA Style

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University. A very helpful APA Formatting and Style Guide  breaks down how to create citations for a variety of source types and gives many examples. In 2019, Purdue OWL partnered with a for-profit company, Chegg. This means you will get ads. I recommend an ad blocker to enhance your experience while using Purdue OWL.

UCLA Writing Centers

The  UCLA Undergraduate Writing Center and UCLA Graduate Writing Center offer a variety of services in support of your writing. There are many handouts and workshops available for your reference on their websites, and you can schedule online appointments with their writing consultants for support with synthesizing information, paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism, citation and format, and so much more.

MLA Style is a popular format choice for researchers and authors in the humanities. The official resource guiding MLA Style is the MLA Handbook by the Modern Language Association of America.

This text covers both citation structure, including in-text and reference list citations, as well as style and grammar standards, such as how to write out numbers, punctuation, and paper headings.

The MLA Handbook at the UCLA Library

Online MLA Resources

The official website for MLA Style. Resources include the MLA Style Center with guidance on citing sources and writing and research. In addition, you can visit Ask the MLA  to search frequently asked questions about unique and specific circumstances surrounding the use of MLA.

Purdue OWL MLA Style

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University. A very helpful  MLA Formatting and Style Guide  breaks down how to create citations for a variety of source types and gives many examples. In 2019, Purdue OWL partnered with a for-profit company, Chegg. This means you will get ads. I recommend an ad blocker to enhance your experience while using Purdue OWL.

The  UCLA Undergraduate Writing Center  and  UCLA Graduate Writing Center  offer a variety of services in support of your writing. There are many handouts and workshops available for your reference on their websites, and you can schedule online appointments with their writing consultants for support with synthesizing information, paraphrasing and avoiding plagiarism, citation and format, and so much more.

Chicago Style is a popular format choice for researchers and authors in the areas of literature, history, and the arts. The official resource guiding Chicago Style is the The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) by The University of Chicago.

Online Chicago Resources

The chicago manual of style (cmos) online.

The official website for Chicago Style. Resources include a Citation Quick Guide , Q&A , and Video Tutorials . In addition, you can visit t he CMOS Shop Talk Blog  to learn more about unique and specific circumstances surrounding the use of Chicago Style.

Purdue OWL Chicago Style

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University. A very helpful  Chicago Formatting and Style Guide  breaks down how to create citations for a variety of source types and gives many examples. In 2019, Purdue OWL partnered with a for-profit company, Chegg. This means you will get ads. I recommend an ad blocker to enhance your experience while using Purdue OWL.

While APA, MLA, and Chicago are the most popular citation and format styles, there are several others that either build off of these three or are more specialized for a specific area of research. Exactly which style you will use depends on a variety of factors.

If you are working on a research product for a class, confirm with your instructor if they have a preferred style. Similarly, if you are submitting your research for publication, confirm which style your publisher requires you to use.

Occasionally, your instructor or publisher may prefer an older edition of a style or a modified version of a common style. 

If you are allowed to choose, go with the style most commonly used in your disciplinary area (tip: which citation style do articles on your topic use?). Still not sure, connect with your librarian or the writing center!

What exactly is research management, and why do we engage in it? 

For me, research management is a process of identifying, collecting, organizing, processing, and sharing research. This can include data sets, articles, book chapters, websites, social media posts, images, and so much more. This is why research management is so important! It saves you time by collecting all of your research in one place and makes it easier to share citations and publications with others.

Zotero is a citation or research management software that makes it easy yo save, organize, process, and share your research. It is one of my favorites because it is free, has a lot of built-in functionality, and is fairly user-friendly. It is a popular choice for researchers in the humanities and social sciences. I have personally used Zotero for years and recommend it to my colleagues and students.  

In the video below, discover how to use Zotero for managing your research - from setting up the browser extension to adding items, writing notes and tags, and creating citations, Zotero is "your personal research assistant!"

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• Free Tools for Students
• APA Citation Generator

Free APA Citation Generator

Generate citations in APA format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

🤔 What is an APA Citation Generator?

An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

It will usually request vital details about a source -- like the authors, title, and publish date -- and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide.

Formatted citations created by a generator can be copied into the bibliography of an academic paper as a way to give credit to the sources referenced in the main body of the paper.

👩‍🎓 Who uses an APA Citation Generator?

College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

🙌 Why should I use a Citation Generator?

Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonable amount of time to format manually, and it is easy to accidentally include errors. By using a citation generator to do this work you will:

• Save a considerable amount of time
• Ensure that your citations are consistent and formatted correctly
• Be rewarded with a higher grade

In academia, bibliographies are graded on their accuracy against the official APA rulebook, so it is important for students to ensure their citations are formatted correctly. Special attention should also be given to ensure the entire document (including main body) is structured according to the APA guidelines. Our complete APA format guide has everything you need know to make sure you get it right (including examples and diagrams).

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's APA Citation Generator?

Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps:

• Start by searching for the source you want to cite in the search box at the top of the page.
• MyBib will automatically locate all the required information. If any is missing you can add it yourself.
• Your citation will be generated correctly with the information provided and added to your bibliography.
• Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper.

MyBib supports the following for APA style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

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A systematic review on education outside the classroom: lessons for science eoc practices.

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O’Neill, D.; Kelly, R.; McCormack, O.; Azevedo, N.H. A Systematic Review on Education Outside the Classroom: Lessons for Science EOC Practices. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 5346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135346

O’Neill D, Kelly R, McCormack O, Azevedo NH. A Systematic Review on Education Outside the Classroom: Lessons for Science EOC Practices. Sustainability . 2024; 16(13):5346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135346

O’Neill, Deirdre, Regina Kelly, Orla McCormack, and Nathália Helena Azevedo. 2024. "A Systematic Review on Education Outside the Classroom: Lessons for Science EOC Practices" Sustainability 16, no. 13: 5346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135346

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Bibliometrics & citations, view options, recommendations, research on the reform of applying esp concept in english teaching of application oriented universities.

At present, many applied universities in our country have set up specialized English Teaching in various majors. However, the old teaching system, traditional teaching ideas and teaching evaluation methods formed for a long time have a great deviation ...

On the Advantages of Computer Multimedia-aided English Teaching

With the development of science and technology, computer multimedia has been used widely in every aspect, especially in English teaching. With the combination of computer multimedia and English teaching, English class teaching is no longer boring but ...

Primary English Teachers Should Strengthen Professional Quality and Teaching Skills Training

In this paper the status quo of English teaching in primary school, ideas about education, the influence of teaching skills of English teachers on basic education and how to change the status quo of the corresponding countermeasures, that English ...

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Jennifer Blue Named as Recipient of the 2024 Dodge Citation for Distinguished Service to AAPT

Jennifer Blue Named as Recipient of the Dodge Citation for Distinguished Service to AAPT

Blue has been a member of AAPT since 1995; she has served on the Committee on Women in Physics, the Nominating Committee, the Committee on Professional Concerns, the Programs Committee, and as a leader of the Southern Ohio AAPT Section.

Regarding her selection to receive this citation, Blue said, “This is a great honor. AAPT has been my professional home since I was in graduate school, and I’m happy to be part of the great work the organization is doing.”

Blue is currently the Associate Dean, College of Arts and Science, and Professor of Physics at Miami University, Oxford, OH. Her work has impacted physics education and physics educators for over three decades. As a physics education researcher, she has supported the mission of AAPT by working diligently to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in physics education with her research work and in service on AAPT committees. She is also active in the AAPT Southern Ohio section. Her work has been pivotal in inviting physicists in all stations to examine the state of DEI in the physics community.

Nominators noted “she has continued to investigate and encourage others to investigate the reasons behind our field’s slow attainment of population parity for all minority populations by emphasizing the need to build on sound theory, past results, and appropriate analysis techniques.”; “She leads quietly and thoughtfully, which may be overlooked in favor of louder leadership.”; “The physics community would be significantly better if we had more people like Jennifer who were truly invested in others, because they care about others, period.”

About the Award Established in 1953 and renamed in recognition of AAPT founder Homer L. Dodge in 2012, the Homer L. Dodge Citation for Distinguished Service to AAPT is presented to members in recognition of their exceptional contributions to the association at the national, sectional, or local level.

About AAPT AAPT is an international organization for physics educators, physicists, and industrial scientists—with members worldwide. Dedicated to enhancing the understanding and appreciation of physics through teaching, AAPT provides awards, publications, and programs that encourage teaching practical application of physics principles, support continuing professional development, and reward excellence in physics education. AAPT was founded in 1930 and is headquartered in the American Center for Physics in College Park, Maryland.

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