an essay about personal computer

Essay on Computer and its Uses for School Students and Children

500+ words essay on computer.

In this essay on computer, we are going to discuss some useful things about computers. The modern-day computer has become an important part of our daily life. Also, their usage has increased much fold during the last decade. Nowadays, they use the computer in every office whether private or government. Mankind is using computers for over many decades now. Also, they are used in many fields like agriculture, designing, machinery making, defense and many more. Above all, they have revolutionized the whole world.

History of Computers

It is very difficult to find the exact origin of computers. But according to some experts computer exists at the time of world war-II. Also, at that time they were used for keeping data. But, it was for only government use and not for public use. Above all, in the beginning, the computer was a very large and heavy machine.

Working of a Computer 

The computer runs on a three-step cycle namely input, process, and output. Also, the computer follows this cycle in every process it was asked to do. In simple words, the process can be explained in this way. The data which we feed into the computer is input, the work CPU do is process and the result which the computer give is output.

Components and Types of Computer

The simple computer basically consists of CPU, monitor, mouse, and keyboard . Also, there are hundreds of other computer parts that can be attached to it. These other parts include a printer, laser pen, scanner , etc.

The computer is categorized into many different types like supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers (desktop), PDAs, laptop, etc. The mobile phone is also a type of computer because it fulfills all the criteria of being a computer.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Uses of Computer in Various Fields

As the usage of computer increased it became a necessity for almost every field to use computers for their operations. Also, they have made working and sorting things easier. Below we are mentioning some of the important fields that use a computer in their daily operation.

Medical Field

They use computers to diagnose diseases, run tests and for finding the cure for deadly diseases . Also, they are able to find a cure for many diseases because of computers.

Whether it’s scientific research, space research or any social research computers help in all of them. Also, due to them, we are able to keep a check on the environment , space, and society. Space research helped us to explore the galaxies. While scientific research has helped us to locate resources and various other useful resources from the earth.

For any country, his defence is most important for the safety and security of its people. Also, computer in this field helps the country’s security agencies to detect a threat which can be harmful in the future. Above all the defense industry use them to keep surveillance on our enemy.

Threats from a Computer

Computers have become a necessity also, they have become a threat too. This is due to hackers who steal your private data and leak them on internet. Also, anyone can access this data. Apart from that, there are other threats like viruses, spams, bug and many other problems.

The computer is a very important machine that has become a useful part of our life. Also, the computers have twin-faces on one side it’s a boon and on the other side, it’s a bane. Its uses completely depend upon you. Apart from that, a day in the future will come when human civilization won’t be able to survive without computers as we depend on them too much. Till now it is a great discovery of mankind that has helped in saving thousands and millions of lives.

Frequently Asked Questions on Computer

Q.1  What is a computer?

A.1 A computer is an electronic device or machine that makes our work easier. Also, they help us in many ways.

Q.2 Mention various fields where computers are used?

A.2  Computers are majorly used in defense, medicine, and for research purposes.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

From monstrosity to laptop: the story of the personal computer

What began as a “bizarre” fantasy has now become reality..

In October 1950, the American researcher and peace activist Edmund Berkeley (1909-1988) introduced the world’s first personal computer in Radio-Electronics magazine.

The parts for the computer, which Berkeley called “Simon,” cost US$600, and he sold upwards 400 assembly guides.  

Berkeley was driven by a desire to find everyday applications for the new computer technology and imagined that, one day, we’d all have tiny computers in our homes.

These “giant brains,” as he called them, would be able to help our children with homework, help us remember things, and manage our finances.

Few shared Berkeley’s enthusiasm

Back then, a single computer typically filled up an entire room – and required skilled technicians for operation. Berkeley’s vision was, in other words, bizarre, and few shared his enthusiasm for the home computer.

The expression “personal computer” appeared 12 years later in The New York Times when the computer scientist John W. Mauchly (1907-1980) shared his vision of the computer’s future:

“There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer.”

A few years later, the first programmable calculators entered the market. First the Olivetti Programma 101 in 1965 and then Hewlett-Packard’s 9100A three years later.

Hewlett-Packard initially branded the 9100A as a personal computer but quickly abandoned this concept. People were simply incapable of combining the word “computer” with a machine so small and user friendly.

Building the mainframe computer

During the 1960’s, both businesses and research institutions invested in user-friendly computer terminals.

This allowed more users to share the same computer—a mainframe computer. Computer programmers developed early text editors, graphical design programs, and games on these timeshare systems.

Another development was the microcomputer, albeit there was nothing “micro” about it according to modern standards: the average microcomputer back then was the size of a regular fridge.

The price was all but micro as well. Most microcomputers cost US$16,000 or more. But they were still smaller and cheaper than the mainframes, making them accessible to smaller businesses and research units.

The Xerox Alto microcomputer from 1973 is a good example of an early prototype of the personal computer, as we know it today:

A separate display, keyboard, and mouse placed on the desk, an operating system with a graphical user interface, and user-friendly programs.

The microprocessor marked a new direction

It wasn’t until the development of the microprocessor in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s that computers reached a size and price appropriate for the nickname “personal.”

A microprocessor contains the central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit. This invention led to drastic decreases in both price and size.

The first microprocessor to reach the market was Intel’s 4004, produced in 1971 and sold for as little as US$60. The year after, Intel released the 8008 with an 8-bit bus—a doubling of the 4004’s 4-bit architecture.

In 1974, the magazine Radio-Electronics featured Mark-8 “personal minicomputer” on its front page of in July 1974. It was a computer design based on the Intel 8008, put together by engineering students who had previously worked on a DEC PDP-8/L minicomputer.

The PDP-8 was one of the first commercially successful minicomputers, and it only took up the space of roughly two modern microwave ovens.

Microcomputers became a hobby

After seeing the Mark-8, the editors of Popular Electronics developed a similar computer design, releasing it in January 1975 as the Altair 8800 and cost US$621.

Slowly, the word “microcomputer” gained traction as more and more computer designs based on microprocessors hit the market.

They were sold to hobbyists with an interest in electronics—a group which had formed in the late 1960’s, before the development of the microprocessor.

As early as 1968, American bookshops sold books like How to Build a Working Digital Computer, which guided readers through the process of creating their own computer with paper clips and aluminium cans.

Clubs for computer enthusiasts spread throughout the country in the early 1970’s. In California, enthusiasts gathered for the first time in March 1975 to establish Homebrew Computer Club.

The highlight of the meeting was the new Altair 8800 computer. One of the participants was Steve Wozniak (1950-present). Inspired by the meeting, he started developing his own computer set.

Along came Apple

Together with his friend Steve Jobs (1955-2011), Wozniak established the company Apple releasing the Apple I computer set in 1976 for a price of US$666.66.

The market for home computers grew rapidly and demand increased as people beyond computer enthusiasts started to realise the potential. In 1977, the Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) became a popular product among schools and private homes.

The Apple II was – unlike its predecessor – an assembled product ready for use. Apple launched it the same year as the Commodore PET with the slogan: “the home computer that's ready to work, play and grow with you.”

Commodore marketed the VIC-20, a follow-up to the PET, in 1980 at the affordable price of US$300. It was a competitor to the emerging gaming consoles, and it became the first computer to sell more than one million units.

Meanwhile, the bigger computer companies were also beginning to see the potential in the personal computer market. IBM launched the 5100 model in 1975. The advertisements said it was the first “portable” computer.

Portability was expensive

The cheapest version of the 5100 cost almost US$9,000. IBM launched its successor, the IBM 5150, as the IBM Personal Computer in 1981.

People soon began to refer to the IBM Personal Computer simply known as “the PC”. With its competitive pricing at US$1,565, it was a huge success, and more than half of the sold units went to private customers.

The success inspired other computer manufacturers like Compaq, Dell, and Hewlett-Packard to produce IBM-compatible personal computers. IBM’s PC became a market standard for personal computers with Apple as the only real challenger.

Graphical user interfaces became necessary

IBM initiated a partnership with Bill Gates (1955-present) and Microsoft to develop a new operating system, the DOS (Disc Operating System). As Apple’s Mac OS had a graphical user interface, Microsoft also developed one under the trade name Windows.

Apple released Mac OS with the first Macintosh computer in 1984; Microsoft’s Windows 1.0 followed the year after.

In 1993, IBM broke with Microsoft, and Microsoft then began developing what would become Windows 95. Microsoft’s new operating system was a tremendous commercial success and became standard on most PCs around the world.

First laptop is hard to track down

Just like the murky origins of the personal computer, things get even hazier when it comes to the laptop. While IBM marketed its 5100 as a “portable computer”, it was very different from what we call a laptop today.

The Gavilan SC computer from 1983 was the first computer sold as a laptop.

It cost US$4,000, weighed four kilograms, and had the characteristic clamshell design of most modern laptops.

IBM created their first laptop in 1986. It was slightly heavier and a bit more expensive than the Gavilan. In 1989, Apple followed suit with the Macintosh Portable.

Stagnation due to smartphones and tablets

Over the past 20 years, the market for personal computers has grown from 70 million sold units in 1996 to 316 million in 2013.

In 2011-2012 the numbers began to stagnate and in 2013 they decreased by ten per cent.

Many suspect that the influx of tablets and smartphones were a direct cause of this.

In October 2014, however, most of the major computer producers reported that computer sales were growing again.

The personal computer has become something that almost everyone owns. Berkeley’s vision of a small computer in every home is no longer a “bizarre” fantasy; it is reality.

------------------

Read this article in Danish at ForskerZonen, part of Videnskab.dk

Translated by: Kristian Secher

External links

• Kristian Hvidtfelt Nielsen

Related content

A new path towards quantum computers

The supercomputer of the future operates with quantum bits, but quantum systems are fragile and they degrade easily. Now Danish scientists have managed to turn this degradation into an advantage, making it easier to create the special quantum states required for a quantum computer.

Bringing your computer to bed can wreck your next day at work

A new thesis from Roskilde University shows that reading work-related emails in bed disturbs your work the day after.

Professor revolutionises computers with the most random function ever

Computers need to be able to generate random results in order to work. A Danish researcher has now created the most random function in the world.

Pupils stressed out from school computers

Merely investing in school computers without a strategy is counter-productive, suggests Swedish research. Pupils struggle with finding reliable information online.

Cloud computing: How safe is your data?

Cloud computing enables users to save their data online rather than on their hard drive. This data may, however, also become available to strangers. Danish scientists are working on a solution.

Archaeologists' most exciting finds: A truly unique artefact from the Bronze Age was discovered at a depth of 12 metres

“I don't know of any other country in the world that reveals so much negative and horrific information about itself”

What did people use as rain gear in the past?

Nanobodies from camels and llamas may solve the lack of effective snakebite treatments

The complexity and variation in snake venoms make effective treatments difficult. Now, a new potential treatment shows promising results in mice.

Baby corals are attracted to the sound of a healthy reef

And that could be key to saving our struggling coral reefs.

• Engineering
• Write For Us
• Privacy Policy

Essay on Computer

Here we have shared the Essay on Computer in detail so you can use it in your exam or assignment of 150, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 words.

You can use this Essay on Computer in any assignment or project whether you are in school (class 10th or 12th), college, or preparing for answer writing in competitive exams. 

Topics covered in this article.

Essay on Computer in 150 words

Essay on computer in 200-300 words.

• Essay on Computer in 500 words

Computers have revolutionized our lives, becoming essential tools for communication, work, and access to information. They have simplified tasks, increased efficiency, and opened up new possibilities. The internet, accessible through computers, has connected people globally, changing the way we socialize and access entertainment. Industries such as healthcare and finance have been transformed by computers, improving accuracy and decision-making. However, challenges such as cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns exist. In conclusion, computers have profoundly impacted society, enhancing productivity and connectivity. Their role in education, business, and research is undeniable. While enjoying the benefits of computers, it is important to address the challenges they present and ensure responsible and secure use. Computers are a fundamental part of our lives, shaping the way we live, work, and interact with the world.

Computers have become an integral part of our modern world. They have revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. A computer is an electronic device that processes and stores data, performs tasks, and enables us to access information from around the world.

Computers have transformed various aspects of our lives. They have simplified tasks, increased efficiency, and opened up new possibilities for creativity and innovation. From personal computers to laptops, tablets, and smartphones, these devices have become essential tools in education, business, entertainment, and research.

The internet made accessible through computers, has connected people globally, enabling instant communication, sharing of information, and collaboration across borders. Online platforms and applications have changed the way we socialize, shop, and access entertainment.

Computers have also revolutionized industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, improving efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making. They play a vital role in scientific research, data analysis, and simulations.

However, the rapid advancement of technology has also brought challenges. Cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and the digital divide are important issues that need to be addressed.

In conclusion, computers have transformed the world, making tasks easier, connecting people globally, and enabling advancements in various fields. Their impact on society is profound, with both positive and negative consequences. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial to embrace its benefits while also addressing the challenges it presents. Computers have undoubtedly become an indispensable part of our lives, shaping the way we live and interact with the world.

Essay on Computer in 500-1000 words

Title: The Computer Revolution – Transforming Lives, Empowering Innovation

Introduction :

The computer has undoubtedly become an integral part of our modern world, revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. This essay explores the profound impact of computers on society, delving into their history, evolution, and the transformative role they play in various aspects of our lives. From personal computers to smartphones and cloud computing, the computer has become an indispensable tool in education, business, healthcare, entertainment, and research. However, as computers continue to advance, challenges such as cybersecurity threats and privacy concerns arise, necessitating responsible use and the development of ethical frameworks.

The Evolution of Computers

The computer, as we know it today, has a rich history that dates back several decades. From the early mechanical devices to modern digital computers, the evolution of computers has been driven by advancements in technology and the quest for increased computational power and efficiency. Pioneers such as Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, and Grace Hopper laid the foundation for modern computing, introducing concepts like programmability and binary code.

Computing in Education

Computers have transformed the landscape of education. They have become essential tools for students, educators, and researchers. Computers facilitate online learning, providing access to vast amounts of educational resources, interactive tutorials, and collaborative platforms. They enable personalized learning experiences, adaptive assessments, and distance education, making education accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, computers enhance productivity, allowing students to complete assignments, conduct research, and communicate with peers and teachers more efficiently.

Computers in Business

The business world has been revolutionized by computers. From small startups to multinational corporations, computers have become indispensable for efficient operations, data management, and communication. They enable streamlined processes, data analysis, and decision-making. Computers have transformed various industries, including finance, marketing, supply chain management, and customer service. With the advent of e-commerce, computers have opened up new avenues for online businesses and global trade. The digitalization of business processes has increased efficiency, reduced costs, and facilitated global collaborations.

Computers in Healthcare

Computers have significantly impacted the healthcare industry, improving patient care, diagnostics, and research. Electronic health records (EHRs) enable secure storage and efficient retrieval of patient information, reducing errors and improving healthcare delivery. Computer-aided diagnostics and medical imaging technologies have enhanced accuracy and speed in detecting diseases. Telemedicine and telehealth have extended healthcare access to remote areas, allowing patients to consult with healthcare professionals virtually. Additionally, computers play a vital role in medical research, enabling data analysis, simulations, and drug discovery.

The Role of Computers in Entertainment and Media

Computers have transformed the entertainment and media industry. From digital streaming platforms to online gaming, computers have revolutionized the way we consume and create content. They enable immersive virtual reality experiences, computer-generated imagery (CGI) in movies, and interactive storytelling. Social media platforms provide avenues for self-expression, communication, and content sharing. Computers have democratized content creation, allowing individuals to create and distribute their work on platforms like YouTube, blogs, and podcasts.

Challenges and Concerns

While computers offer immense benefits, they also present challenges and concerns. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking and identity theft, pose risks to individuals and organizations. Privacy concerns arise as personal data becomes more accessible and vulnerable to misuse. Additionally, the digital divide creates disparities in access to technology, limiting opportunities for certain populations. It is crucial to address these challenges through robust cybersecurity measures, privacy regulations, and efforts to bridge the digital divide.

Conclusion :

The computer revolution has transformed our lives, empowering innovation, enhancing productivity, and connecting people across the globe. Computers have revolutionized education, business, healthcare, and entertainment, enabling advancements and opening up new possibilities. However, as technology continues to evolve, it is important to address challenges such as cybersecurity threats, privacy concerns, and the digital divide. Responsible use, ethical frameworks, and continuous efforts to enhance cybersecurity and privacy safeguards are necessary to harness the full potential of computers. With responsible usage and thoughtful integration into various sectors, computers will continue to shape our world, fostering progress, innovation, and connectivity.

Related Articles More From Author

What is pharmacognosy, essay on community service, essay on plagiarism.

Personal Computer: A Comprehensive Guide from Origins to Future

Last Edited

A Personal Computer (PC) is a multi-purpose electronic device designed to be utilized by an individual user for tasks ranging from document editing to complex computational calculations. In essence, it’s your indispensable tool for modern life.

As straightforward as the term “Personal Computer” may sound, it’s a concept frequently misunderstood or taken for granted. This article aims to shed light on what a Personal Computer truly is, its historical evolution, its role in shaping society, and what future developments we might anticipate.

From the minds who first coined the term to the transformative technologies that will define its future, this comprehensive guide serves as your roadmap to understanding one of the most revolutionary inventions of the modern era.

In this article:

• Origins of the Term ‘Personal Computer’
• Evolution of the Personal Computer
• Architectural Components
• Operating Systems and Software Ecosystem
• Social Impact
• Current State (Market and Technologies)
• Future Prospects

1. Origins of the Term ‘Personal Computer’ (PC)

Who coined the term.

Contrary to popular belief, the term “Personal Computer” wasn’t an invention of any major tech corporation. In fact, the phrase was initially used to describe small, user-friendly computers that were affordable and suitable for individual use. The term started gaining traction in the late 1970s and early 1980s as smaller, more affordable computers began to emerge, thanks in part to advancements in microprocessor technology. However, the concept of a “personal” computer existed long before it had a name.

IBM’s 1981 release of its Personal Computer solidified the term in the popular lexicon. Yet, it was Apple, with its Apple II, and Commodore with the PET, who had already introduced computers for individual use. Each of these companies contributed to defining what “Personal Computer” would come to mean: an accessible, individual-use computing device.

Early Examples

Before the term “Personal Computer” came into widespread use, the idea of a computer for individual usage was not completely foreign. Early machines like the Altair 8800 were available as kits for computing enthusiasts. However, these required a certain level of technical expertise and were not user-friendly for the general populace.

Then came the Apple I in 1976, an invention of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, sold as an assembled circuit board that ignited the home computer market. It was followed by the more user-friendly Apple II in 1977, which found its way into homes and schools. Around the same time, the Commodore PET and Tandy Corporation’s TRS-80 were introduced, making personal computing more accessible than ever.

A Paradigm Shift in Computing

Prior to the advent of these smaller, more affordable machines, computers were largely mainframes and minicomputers that occupied entire rooms and required a team of operators. They were the sole domain of corporations, government agencies, and academic institutions. The term “Personal Computer” represented not just technological innovation, but a paradigm shift in who could access computing power.

The introduction of IBM’s Personal Computer in 1981 signaled a turning point. While not the first of its kind, the IBM PC brought with it the stamp of one of the industry’s giants. Its architecture, subsequently cloned by other manufacturers, set the de facto standard for personal computers compatible with the IBM platform.

The term “Personal Computer” is an embodiment of a monumental shift in computing history. What was once the realm of specialized operators in isolated rooms became accessible to the layperson, right in the comfort of their home or office. The democratization of computing started with visionary pioneers and was solidified by industry behemoths, making the Personal Computer a household term and a fixture in everyday life.

2. Evolution of the Personal Computer

Personal Computers have undergone a remarkable transformation since their inception. From machines that once took up entire rooms to slim, portable devices that fit in a backpack, the evolution of the Personal Computer is a testament to human innovation and technological progress. This chapter delves into the key developments and milestones that have shaped the modern PC.

Timeline of Key Developments

• 1971 : Intel introduces the 4004, the world’s first commercially available microprocessor.
• 1975 : Altair 8800, based on Intel’s 8080 CPU, is introduced. It’s often considered the first personal computer.
• 1976 : Apple I is released, mainly as an assembled circuit board.
• 1977 : Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 hit the market, defining the term “home computer.”
• 1981 : IBM introduces its first Personal Computer, simply named the IBM PC.
• 1983 : Apple launches Lisa, one of the first PCs with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) .
• 1984 : Apple Macintosh is launched, popularizing the concept of GUI and the mouse.
• 1987 : IBM releases the PS/2 and introduces the VGA standard for video display.
• 1989 : Intel’s 486 series of microprocessors is launched, featuring more than one million transistors.
• 1990 : Microsoft releases Windows 3.0 , which becomes a best-seller.
• 1993 : The Pentium processor is introduced by Intel.
• 1995 : Windows 95 is released, featuring a start menu and taskbar.
• 1998 : Apple introduces the iMac, which popularizes the use of USB ports .
• 1999 : AMD releases the Athlon processor, offering stiff competition to Intel.
• 2001 : Microsoft releases Windows XP, which becomes highly popular for its stability and usability.
• 2006 : Intel introduces the Core microarchitecture, leading to more energy-efficient CPUs.
• 2007 : Apple releases the MacBook Air, pushing the boundaries of laptop portability.
• 2009 : Microsoft launches Windows 7, which corrects many of the shortcomings of Windows Vista.
• 2012 : Microsoft introduces Windows 8 with a touch-friendly interface.
• 2015 : USB-C is introduced, providing a universal connector for data and power.
• 2017 : AMD launches the Ryzen series, again challenging Intel’s market dominance.
• 2019 : Apple introduces the 16-inch MacBook Pro with a redesigned keyboard.

Milestones in Hardware and Software

• Microprocessor Evolution : The transition from the Intel 4004 to multi-core processors like the Intel Core i9 and AMD Ryzen has enabled dramatic improvements in computing power.
• Storage Evolution : Mechanical hard drives have largely given way to Solid State Drives (SSDs), which offer faster data access and reduced power consumption.
• Portability : Laptops, Ultrabooks, and 2-in-1 devices have made computing portable and versatile.
• Graphics : Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have evolved from basic video controllers to powerful units capable of real-time 3D rendering and complex computations.
• Operating Systems : The journey from DOS to Windows 11, macOS Monterey, and various Linux distributions has drastically improved user interface and capabilities.
• Web Browsers : The introduction of web browsers like Netscape Navigator and later Google Chrome, Firefox, and Safari have made the internet more accessible.
• Productivity Suites : Software like Microsoft Office and Google Workspace have redefined productivity, offering numerous tools for work and collaboration.
• Security Software : The development of antivirus, firewall, and encryption technologies has kept pace with increasing threats to secure personal computing.

The evolution of the Personal Computer is a fascinating journey filled with innovation and competition. From basic computing devices to powerful machines capable of virtual reality, AI computations, and real-time 4K video editing, the PC has come a long way. As we look to the future, one thing is clear: the Personal Computer will continue to evolve, and its impact on our lives will only grow.

3. Architectural Components

Understanding the anatomy of a Personal Computer (PC) offers insights not just into the machine’s capabilities, but also into the rapid advancements that continue to shape the PC landscape. While the exterior might seem straightforward—a box or a slim laptop—the interior is a marvel of engineering. This chapter aims to demystify the key architectural components that make up a Personal Computer, namely the CPU, Memory, Storage, and Peripheral Devices.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The Central Processing Unit, often referred to as the ‘brain’ of the computer, executes instructions and performs calculations. Modern CPUs are highly complex, capable of executing billions of instructions per second.

Key Milestones:

• Single-core to Multi-core : CPUs have evolved from single-core processors, capable of executing one task at a time, to multi-core processors that can perform multiple tasks simultaneously.
• Clock Speed : Initially measured in megahertz (MHz), modern CPUs operate at gigahertz (GHz) frequencies.
• Transistor Count : While the Intel 4004 had 2,300 transistors, modern processors like the AMD Ryzen and Intel Core series have billions, all packed into a tiny silicon chip.

Memory serves as the computer’s workspace. It temporarily stores data and instructions for quick retrieval, crucial for the efficient performance of the machine.

• RAM (Random Access Memory) : Volatile memory used for storing data temporarily. It’s fast but loses information when the power is turned off.
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) : Non-volatile memory that retains data even when the power is off. It typically contains firmware that boots up the computer.

Storage devices provide long-term data retention. While memory is fast and volatile, storage is slower but non-volatile, preserving data even when the computer is turned off.

• HDD (Hard Disk Drive) : Older, mechanical devices that use magnetic storage.
• SSD (Solid State Drive) : Faster, more reliable, and energy-efficient drives that use flash memory.
• Hybrid : Combines elements of HDDs and SSDs for a balance between speed and storage capacity.

Peripheral Devices

These are external devices that provide additional functionalities to the computer. They connect via various interfaces like USB, Bluetooth, or specialized connectors.

Categories:

• Input Devices : Keyboard, mouse, touchpad, and even more specialized hardware like graphics tablets and VR controllers.
• Output Devices : Monitors , printers, and speakers.
• Storage Devices : External hard drives, USB drives, and optical drives.
• Networking Devices : Ethernet cards , Wi-Fi adapters, and Bluetooth dongles.

The architectural components of a Personal Computer are the building blocks that contribute to its functionality, performance, and capabilities. From the CPU’s raw processing power to the flexibility offered by peripheral devices, understanding these elements can greatly enhance your appreciation and usage of the technology.

As we move forward, these components will continue to evolve, bringing about even more sophisticated and powerful Personal Computers. And as they do, we’ll keep updating this guide to provide you with the latest, most accurate information.

4. Operating Systems and Software Ecosystem

The hardware of a Personal Computer (PC) serves as the foundation, but it’s the software that brings the machine to life. At the heart of this software ecosystem is the operating system, which manages hardware resources, executes programs, and provides an interface for users to interact with the computer. This chapter explores the key operating systems that have shaped the PC landscape, along with software milestones that have made these machines indispensable in modern life.

Operating Systems: A Brief History

Dos to windows.

The Disk Operating System (DOS) was one of the earliest operating systems for IBM-compatible PCs. Its command-line interface, although less intuitive compared to today’s graphical interfaces, provided users a way to navigate and manage files. Microsoft Windows was introduced as a graphical extension for DOS and later evolved into a full-fledged operating system. With releases like Windows 95, XP, and Windows 10 , Microsoft has aimed for an optimal balance between usability, performance, and features, making it the most widely-used OS to date.

Apple introduced its Macintosh operating system, now known as macOS, in 1984. The Mac OS was one of the first to offer a graphical user interface (GUI) with the concept of windows, icons, and menus. Over the years, macOS has become known for its sleek design, stability, and security features, attracting a loyal user base particularly among creative professionals.

Linux was introduced in 1991 as a free and open-source alternative to Unix. Known for its versatility and robustness, Linux is used extensively in server environments and has also made its way into desktop computing with distributions like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Its open-source nature allows for extensive customization and has garnered a passionate community of developers and users.

Software that Made PCs Ubiquitous

Office suites.

Microsoft Office, initially launched in 1989, brought word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations into the mainstream. This software suite made PCs indispensable tools for businesses, educational institutions, and home users alike. Alternatives like Google Workspace and Apple’s iWork have also contributed to this trend.

Web Browsers

Netscape Navigator was among the first web browsers to make internet navigation simple and accessible. Today, browsers like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge are essential software, making the PC a gateway to the world’s information.

Multimedia Software

Programs like Adobe Photoshop for image editing, VLC for media playback, and a host of video editing software have made PCs versatile tools for content creation and consumption.

Security Software

As computers became more interconnected, the need for security software grew. Antivirus programs, firewalls, and encryption tools have become essential for safeguarding data and privacy.

Development Environments

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) like Microsoft Visual Studio, Eclipse, and JetBrains’ suite of IDEs have made PCs crucial for software development, offering features like code editing, debugging, and version control in one package.

The operating system is the cornerstone of a PC’s software ecosystem, determining not just how a user interacts with a computer, but also how software and hardware coalesce into a harmonious computing experience. Coupled with essential software—from office suites to web browsers—PCs have become ubiquitous, transforming how we work, learn, create, and communicate. As operating systems and software continue to evolve, they will undoubtedly steer the course of Personal Computers in new, exciting directions.

5. Social Impact

The advent of the Personal Computer (PC) has had far-reaching implications on modern society. While its technological feats are a marvel in themselves, the impact of the PC transcends technology, affecting how we work, learn, and even spend our free time. This chapter aims to delve into the profound ways in which Personal Computers have transformed these three fundamental aspects of human life.

The transformation of work due to the PC cannot be overstated. Long gone are the days of manual typewriters and carbon paper; today’s workplace is a hotbed of digital activity.

Efficiency and Productivity

The integration of PCs into the workspace has dramatically improved efficiency. Tasks that once required tedious manual effort, like data entry and report generation, can now be automated or significantly expedited. Spreadsheet software alone has revolutionized financial analysis and planning, making complex calculations not just easier but also more accurate.

Remote Work

The capability to work remotely is another profound change brought about by Personal Computers. With a PC and internet connection, a variety of jobs can be done from anywhere in the world. This has enabled greater work-life balance for many and opened up employment opportunities for those who are unable to commute or relocate.

Job Transformation and Creation

PCs have also led to the transformation and creation of new job roles. Fields like IT management, cybersecurity, and data science are direct results of the computer revolution.

From the way we consume media to how we interact with one another, PCs have radically altered our leisure activities.

Digital Media

Before the PC, media consumption was largely limited to broadcast television and print publications. Now, streaming services, eBooks, and online news are just a click away, offering unprecedented variety and convenience.

Gaming and Virtual Worlds

The gaming industry has exploded, thanks in part to the capabilities of modern PCs. Virtual worlds provide not just entertainment but also platforms for socialization, creative expression, and even economic activity.

Social Media

Personal Computers have facilitated the rise of social media, allowing for instantaneous communication across the globe. Social networks have become a significant part of many people’s leisure time, often serving as a primary source of news, entertainment, and social interaction.

The impact of PCs on education is transformative, democratizing access to information and changing the pedagogical landscape.

Research and Information Access

With the internet and academic databases at their fingertips, students and researchers have access to a wealth of information that was previously difficult or even impossible to find.

The rise of online courses and degree programs has made education more accessible, flexible, and affordable. Students can now learn anything from programming to philosophy without setting foot in a traditional classroom.

Interactivity and Engagement

Interactive software and educational games have introduced a new dimension to learning. They engage students in ways that traditional methods may fail to do, aiding comprehension and retention of material.

The Personal Computer has not just revolutionized our technological capabilities; it has fundamentally changed how we live. Its impact on work, leisure, and education has been so deeply transformative that it’s challenging to envision a world without it. The democratization of information, the facilitation of global communication, and the enhancement of work and education are just a few of the vast changes we’ve seen. As PCs continue to evolve, their role in shaping society will only expand, promising an exciting, if unpredictable, future.

6. Current State (Market and Technologies)

In today’s landscape, the Personal Computer (PC) is no longer a luxury; it’s a necessity. The technology has become so ingrained in daily life that its market dynamics offer a fascinating look into both consumer behavior and technological advancement. This chapter delves into the current state of the PC market, highlighting market share among key players and spotlighting the latest technologies shaping the industry.

The Market: An Overview

The PC market is currently experiencing a renaissance, fueled by various factors:

Demand Surges

With the advent of remote work and e-learning, the demand for PCs has surged. This trend was particularly evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to an unprecedented spike in sales.

Enterprise Adoption

Businesses are increasingly digitizing their operations, requiring more powerful and specialized computers. This shift has driven innovation and competition among manufacturers to produce more efficient and capable machines.

Consumer Preferences

The consumer market has diversified, with various segments seeking different types of PCs. Gaming PCs, ultra-portable laptops, and even retro-inspired machines have found their niches.

Market Share

As of the most recent data, the PC market is dominated by a handful of major players.

With an overwhelming majority of market share, Windows PCs continue to be the choice for both businesses and general consumers. The platform’s flexibility and wide range of software make it a versatile option for various use-cases.

Although Apple’s market share is smaller in comparison, it remains a strong player, particularly among creative professionals and loyal consumers who appreciate its design and ecosystem.

Linux holds a niche but significant portion of the market, especially among developers and system administrators who favor its open-source nature and robustness.

Current Technologies

CPUs have progressed into multi-core configurations, with companies like AMD and Intel pushing the boundaries of performance and energy efficiency.

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are becoming the standard, offering faster data access speeds and reliability compared to traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs).

Connectivity

Wi-Fi 6 and USB-C are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, offering faster data transfer and more straightforward connectivity solutions.

With the growth of gaming and content creation, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are receiving significant attention. Technologies like ray tracing are making real-time rendering more realistic than ever.

The current state of the PC market is a blend of dynamism and stability. On one hand, established players continue to dominate the market share; on the other, rapid technological advancements are continually reshaping the landscape. As we look towards the future, the ongoing evolution of processors, storage solutions, and connectivity options promises to make Personal Computers more capable and versatile than ever before.

7. Future Prospects

As we stand on the cusp of a new decade, the future of Personal Computers (PCs) seems both thrilling and nebulous. Advances in hardware, software, and connectivity promise a future where PCs are not just faster and more powerful but also more integrated into our daily lives. This chapter aims to shed light on the exciting developments we can expect in the next decade.

Quantum Computing

While still in its nascent stage, quantum computing promises to revolutionize computational power. Quantum processors may eventually outperform classical computers by leaps and bounds, especially in complex simulations and cryptographic tasks.

Artificial Intelligence

The integration of AI and machine learning into PCs will bring about smarter systems that can adapt to individual users’ needs. Anticipate more personalized and predictive computing experiences, such as intelligent data sorting and natural language understanding .

Augmented and Virtual Reality

AR and VR technologies are improving at an exponential rate. Future PCs could serve as the backbone for sophisticated virtual environments, enhancing everything from gaming and social interaction to professional training and education.

Sustainable Computing

As environmental concerns grow, the next decade will see a push towards greener, more sustainable PCs. This includes energy-efficient designs, biodegradable materials, and recycling programs to manage electronic waste.

Internet of Things (IoT)

As IoT devices proliferate, PCs will likely serve as centralized hubs that manage and control smart ecosystems, from homes and offices to entire smart cities.

8. Conclusion

The Personal Computer, a marvel of modern technology, has journeyed from a revolutionary concept to an integral part of human civilization. Its impact on work, leisure, and education has been transformative, fundamentally changing how we interact with the world and each other. With dominant market players like Windows, macOS, and Linux shaping the current landscape, the PC market is both dynamic and stable.

As we look towards the future, emerging technologies like quantum computing, AI, and sustainable computing promise to redefine the very fabric of personal computing. The next decade holds exciting prospects, and the evolution of the Personal Computer will undoubtedly continue to shape society in ways we can only begin to imagine.

9. References

• Levy, Steven. “ Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. ” Delta, 1984.
• Ceruzzi, Paul E. “ Computing: A Concise History ” MIT Press, 2003.
• “The Quantum Computing Report.” Available at: Quantum Computing Report
• “ The VR Book: Human-Centered Design for Virtual Reality. ” Jason Jerald, ACM, 2015.
• “ Sustainable ICTs and Management Systems for Green Computing .” IGI Global, 2012.

• Games & Quizzes
• History & Society
• Science & Tech
• Biographies
• Animals & Nature
• Geography & Travel
• Arts & Culture
• On This Day
• One Good Fact
• New Articles
• Lifestyles & Social Issues
• Philosophy & Religion
• Politics, Law & Government
• World History
• Health & Medicine
• Browse Biographies
• Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates
• Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates
• Environment
• Fossils & Geologic Time
• Entertainment & Pop Culture
• Sports & Recreation
• Visual Arts
• Demystified
• Image Galleries
• Infographics
• Top Questions
• Britannica Kids
• Saving Earth
• Space Next 50
• Student Center
• Introduction

From hobby computers to Apple

• Faster, smaller, and more-powerful PCs

• Why is Steve Jobs significant?
• What was Steve Jobs’s early life like?
• How did Steve Jobs die?

personal computer

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• Computer Hope - What is a Computer?
• University at Albany - Introduction to Personal Computers
• Carnegie Mellon University - Computers Types
• Humanities LibreTexts - Personal Computers
• Computer History Museum - Personal Computer
• Table Of Contents

Recent News

personal computer (PC) , a digital computer designed for use by only one person at a time. A typical personal computer assemblage consists of a central processing unit (CPU), which contains the computer’s arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry on an integrated circuit ; two types of computer memory , main memory , such as digital random-access memory (RAM), and auxiliary memory, such as magnetic hard disks and special optical compact discs , or read-only memory (ROM) discs ( CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs); and various peripheral devices , including a display screen, keyboard and mouse, and printer . See also computer: History of computing .

Computers small and inexpensive enough to be purchased by individuals for use in their homes first became feasible in the 1970s, when large-scale integration made it possible to construct a sufficiently powerful microprocessor on a single semiconductor chip . A small firm named MITS made the first personal computer, the Altair . This computer, which used Intel Corporation ’s 8080 microprocessor, was developed in 1974. Though the Altair was popular among computer hobbyists, its commercial appeal was limited.

The personal computer industry truly began in 1977, with the introduction of three preassembled mass-produced personal computers: the Apple Computer, Inc. (now Apple Inc. ), Apple II , the Tandy Radio Shack TRS-80, and the Commodore Business Machines Personal Electronic Transactor (PET). These machines used eight-bit microprocessors (which process information in groups of eight bits, or binary digits , at a time) and possessed rather limited memory capacity—i.e., the ability to address a given quantity of data held in memory storage. But because personal computers were much less expensive than mainframe computers (the bigger computers typically deployed by large business, industry, and government organizations), they could be purchased by individuals, small and medium-sized businesses, and primary and secondary schools.

Of these computers, the TRS-80 dominated the market. The TRS-80 microcomputer came with four kilobytes of memory, a Z80 microprocessor, a BASIC programming language, and cassettes for data storage. To cut costs, the machine was built without the ability to type lowercase letters. Thanks to Tandy’s chain of Radio Shack stores and the breakthrough price ($399 fully assembled and tested), the machine was successful enough to persuade the company to introduce a more powerful computer two years later, the TRS-80 Model II, which could reasonably be marketed as a small-business computer.

The Apple II received a great boost in popularity when it became the host machine for VisiCalc, the first electronic spreadsheet (computerized accounting program). Other types of application software soon developed for personal computers.

IBM Corporation , the world’s dominant computer maker, did not enter the new market until 1981, when it introduced the IBM Personal Computer, or IBM PC. The IBM PC was significantly faster than rival machines, had about 10 times their memory capacity, and was backed by IBM’s large sales organization. The IBM PC was also the host machine for 1-2-3, an extremely popular spreadsheet introduced by the Lotus Development Corporation in 1982. The IBM PC became the world’s most popular personal computer, and both its microprocessor, the Intel 8088 , and its operating system , which was adapted from Microsoft Corporation ’s MS-DOS system, became industry standards. Rival machines that used Intel microprocessors and MS-DOS became known as “IBM compatibles” if they tried to compete with IBM on the basis of additional computing power or memory and “IBM clones” if they competed simply on the basis of low price.

In 1983 Apple introduced Lisa , a personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) to perform routine operations. A GUI is a display format that allows the user to select commands, call up files, start programs, and do other routine tasks by using a device called a mouse to point to pictorial symbols (icons) or lists of menu choices on the screen. This type of format had certain advantages over interfaces in which the user typed text- or character-based commands on a keyboard to perform routine tasks. A GUI’s windows, pull-down menus, dialog boxes, and other controlling mechanisms could be used in new programs and applications in a standardized way, so that common tasks were always performed in the same manner. The Lisa’s GUI became the basis of Apple’s Macintosh personal computer, which was introduced in 1984 and proved extremely successful. The Macintosh was particularly useful for desktop publishing because it could lay out text and graphics on the display screen as they would appear on the printed page.

The Macintosh’s graphical interface style was widely adapted by other manufacturers of personal computers and PC software. In 1985 the Microsoft Corporation introduced Microsoft Windows , a graphical user interface that gave MS-DOS-based computers many of the same capabilities of the Macintosh. Windows became the dominant operating environment for personal computers.

Essays About Computers: Top 5 Examples Plus Prompts

Computers are helpful technology that many of us use on a daily basis; if you are writing essays about computers, use our essay examples and prompts below. 

We often recognize computers as the devices we use to browse the internet, communicate with others, and type down notes, but there is more to a computer than this. A complex set of processes, calculations, and operations performs everything we do on a computer. Without a doubt, computers make our lives easier and enhance our personal and working life.

5 Top Essay Examples

1. types of computers by brent dawson, 2. uses of computers in education by kristina barroso, 3. our dependency on computers by nora fox, 4. neural networks: is your brain like a computer by shamli prakash.

• 5. ​​The Human Brain vs. Supercomputers… Which One Wins? By John Staughton

1. The Many Uses of Computers

2. can computers take over society, 3. is computer science a worthwhile program to study, 4. pros and cons of computers, 5. can computers compete with the human brain.

“Calculations for things such as automotive design, weather forecasting, and aerospace use supercomputers. Embedded computers are used for functions in a larger product. They are located in things such as automobiles, consumer electronics and office machines. As we all know computers come in many shapes and sizes. They can be used for many different things and can be located anywhere. Technology has increased so much that the most unheard compact thing can be a computer.

Dawson stresses that computers can come in all shapes and sizes. There are different types of computers, such as personal computers, mobile computers, game consoles, and supercomputers, each with its own functions and specialties. He briefly touches on each type of computer and its uses. Technology has come a long way, as the most complex computers are everywhere, whether in laboratories, offices, or even our mobile phones or watches. 

“Critics argue that spell check and other computer features that automatically correct errors in spelling and punctuation make students too lazy to learn and apply the rules themselves. These features, however, help point out where students went wrong and offer valuable learning opportunities that can help students enhance their understanding of appropriate spelling and punctuation.”

In her essay, Barroso discusses the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating computers into education. They allow schools to maximize online resources, foster student engagement, and make it easier for teachers and students to perform school-related tasks. However, they may make students lazy to check mistakes, thinking that the computers will automatically check them. Ultimately, the pros outweigh the cons. 

“As far as I concerned, computer is a great invention and it is useful to human life. It should be impossible to live without computer as we get too much used of computers nowadays. However, we should use it wisely. We know the fact that the more we rely on computer, the more we will lose in our life. So, we should also find ways to make our dependence on computers less dangerous to us, so that we will not rely on computer completely.”

Fox discusses the state of society today where we rely far too much on computers. They help us greatly in our daily lives, but they have made us depend on technology for information rather than thinking for ourselves. And if something goes wrong, like the servers crash, the world is at a standstill. Computers are a net good for society, but we must avoid revolving our lives around technology. 

“In data science terms, this phase is somewhat akin to ‘Model Training’ — the more things a child is exposed to the more the synapses associated with it get built. A good example is language — the more a child is exposed to linguistics in early years, the more evolved the area of her brain that is associated with languages would get. Ditto for other cognitive and non-cognitive abilities.”

Prakash discusses the different ways in which our brains operate as computers. An information processing system has five components: input, output, storage, processing, and program. The human brain does have all of these components, which are used to perform our daily functions. She looks into how human intelligence can be “trained,” like computers are developed. 

5. ​​ The Human Brain vs. Supercomputers… Which One Wins? By John Staughton

“When the brain identifies a more efficient or effective way to compute and function, it can morph and alter its physical and neuronal structure, hence the term “plasticity“. Until we achieve true Artificial Intelligence (in which computers should theoretically be able to re-wire themselves), neuroplasticity will always keep the human brain at least one step ahead of “static” supercomputers.”

Staughton writes about how much more advanced computers have become in recent decades, with some of them being able to outsmart humans in tasks such as chess. However, he explains that our brains are very different from technology and are inherently superior to even the most powerful computers in terms of efficiency, adaptability, and many other factors. However, he keeps the door on computers, eventually developing beyond our capabilities in the future. 

5 Helpful Writing Prompts on Essays About Computers

Computers aid us in many tasks; it is undeniable that they make our lives easier. Think of the different uses of computers, both in your life and in general, and list them. Briefly explain each, and if you want, also explain how computers have been most helpful in your life. You can also check out these essays about the internet .

This is a question many have grappled with and is the subject of many science-fiction and dystopian stories. Many believe that only good can come from greater technological advancement, while others believe humanity will be subject to much conflict and suffering. Based on research, decide whether we should introduce computers into more aspects of our lives. You can cite articles, essays, books, or even movies to prove your point. 

In your essay, discuss how helpful an education in computer science would be. Research the course’s requirements, benefits, disadvantages, and expectations and, based on your personal opinion, write about whether it would be worth it to pursue this program. This essay is more suited for those with experience, but if not, consult online sources or interview people with experience for a solid evidence base.

Computers have many advantages as well as disadvantages. List down the pros and cons of computers you can come up with, and discuss a few of them in your essay. Then, based on the evidence you’ve provided, decide whether computers are a net good or bad for society in the long run. 

A few essay examples above have compared technology and artificial intelligence to the human brain, as they are both “computers,” so to speak. In your opinion, will technology ever come to a point where it will rival our abilities? Conduct research and cite credible sources for a strong essay .  

For help with this topic, read our guide explaining “ what is persuasive writing ?”If you’d like to learn more, our writer explains how to write an argumentative essay in this guide.

Personal Computer Evolution Overview Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

A personal computer is a machine that performs many functions such as manipulation of data, calculations, and acts as a spring of information. In most cases, a personal computer like its name performs individual tasks. The first computers, also known as mainframe computers or ENIAC, appeared huge and occupied even the whole room. However, several centuries later, technological advancements led to the development of microprocessors that reduced the size of mainframe computers into household and business items. Historically, the question of who invented the computer has not been easy to answer. This is because the computer is a complex machine with many parts. Additionally, not one inventor was involved in the development of the personal computer. History asserts that different inventors invented different parts of the personal computer before the actual amalgamation. So far, the evolution of personal computers has been a startling story; a story so hilarious and entertaining; a story of invention and development of technology (Allan 2-3).

To date, the computer industry has registered numerous astounding successes not comparable to any other industry. Almost 2000 years ago, experts engaged in themselves in technical expertise that saw the development of the first computer through huge. However, today 2000 years later, we now have a portable digital machine that can store massive data and process others within seconds. It is important to note that the first evolution of a personal computer occurred in the first century. However, these computers were not electronic. The first electronic computers came into the market 50 years ago. Over the last forty years, the world has witnessed the evolution of personal computers from mainframe computers into portable microcomputers. Astonishingly, these machines have changed the lifestyle of many people from America to Asia, from Europe to America, and from Australia to South America. Today, at least every one out of two homes in North America possesses a personal computer. Amazingly, the effectiveness of any business organization depends on the use of personal computers. From banking to the stock market to manufacturing, a personal computer is a vital item for business success. Contemporary society relies heavily on computers for day-to-day activities, processes, and practices (Sherman 3-13).

Historical writers claim that the abacus, a wooden rack with double parallel wires and bead strung hang on them, was the foundation of modern-day computers. In those times, scientific programmers had to commit to memory the conventions of programming in order to place the bead at its rightful position. In that case, the beads assisted users to carry out calculations. Later on, the experts of that time managed to develop an Astrolabe to perform navigation. In the seventeenth century, the computer industry started shaping up. Precisely, in 1642, an engineer by the name of Blaise Pascal became the first person to assemble the world’s foremost digital personal computer that performed arithmetic that involves additions. Thirty years later, Gottfried Leibniz invented the computer but did not assemble it. However, in 1694, this particular computer became a real item used for personal purposes. The computer could perform additional arithmetic calculations such as addition, multiplication, and addition. Nevertheless, many people did not use the two computers developed by Leibniz and Pascal as they considered them bizarre. One hundred years later, Charles Thomas successfully developed the foremost perfunctory calculator, which had the capability to add, divide, subtract, and multiply digits. These mechanical calculators acted as the springboard towards the development of new and enhanced desktop calculators, and by 1890, there were many desktop calculators in the market. These desktop calculators performed distinctive tasks as compared to mechanical calculators. For example, they could stockpile and perform habitual reentry of precedent results, accrue fractional outcomes, and even print them. However, these operations could not go through the manual installation. Nevertheless, these desktop calculators assisted people in the commercial sector to perform various tasks but not those working in the field of science (A Brief History of the abacus, p.1).

Coincidentally, as Thomas Charles was busy developing a desktop calculator, a mathematics professor at Cambridge University, Charles Babbage was also busy developing the existing computers to give them a new look. His work of developing a complex calculator started in 1812 when it came to his realization that the pre-existing long computers, principally those that generate mathematical tables, were in actuality a succession of conventional actions that are continually recurring. Thus, he suggested that one can manage to perform such operations automatically. Based on this assumption, Charles Babbage embarked on the journey of producing an automatic mechanical calculating machine, and towards the end of 1822, he had managed to stage a working model as an exhibit of his work. He named this model a different engine. However, Charles Babbage was not a rich man. The desire to manufacture this model of calculators forced him to seek financial support from the British Government in order to fabricate a different engine. One year later, in 1823 to be precise, Babbage managed to fabricate a steam motorized and entirely automatic difference engine. The difference engine was a complex machine controlled by a predetermined instruction program that could perform varied tasks such as printing the ensuing tables.

Although the different engine was the grand progress of the century, characteristically, it had imperfect malleability and applicability. Nevertheless, this did not deter Babbage from researching ways to improve the difference engine. However, in 1833, stopped the development of the different engines and instead, sought to develop another machine. His main idea was to develop an entirely program-driven, routine perfunctory digital workstation called an Analytical Engine. A number of personal computer evolution history materials quickly assert that this was the prime idea behind the development of the modern digital computers, microcomputers. Among the very many features of the Analytical Engine is an identical decimal computer that could work under the instruction of decimal digits, and a memory of one thousand digits. Thus, for the purpose of future operations, the in-built functions of the engine had to be complex and included sophisticated functions that could perform conditional credit transfer hence, tolerating the execution of instructions in multiple ways. Nevertheless, it took a century to develop this particular engine.

In the period between the first century and 1970s, personal computers were outsized, pricey systems owned by gigantic conglomerates, government bureaus, and research institutions such as universities and colleges. Unlike today, the end-user of mainframe computers could not intermingle with the machine. Nevertheless, these computers had the capacity to set up errands for the mainframe on off-line equipment, for example, card punches. During ancient times, computer experts piled and processed numerous assignments in batch mode. Thereafter, the users would then come for the results (Wulforst 12-56).

Nevertheless, users had to wait for long hours or even days for the experts to complete particular tasks. This is because of the slowness of the mainframe computers to process information and deliver the output. Perhaps as a relief to many users, engineers managed to develop the first commercial computer in the 1960s. These computers appeared complicated as compared to earlier mainframe computers. Unlike the mainframe computer, these minicomputers interacted with other machines via a time-sharing system and manifold computer terminals, which allowed many users to use a single processor to perform multiple tasks. Consequently, many business firms and organizations benefitted from this development. Slowly by slowly, the huge computers were with time reduced into smaller items with advanced features.

The successive evolution of personal computers that took very many years to complete resulted in the present personal computer, the microcomputer. This would not have been a reality had it not been scientific research in the field of microelectronics. Scientists researching the standardization of computers came up with two paramount technical innovations. In 1959, scientists came up with an integrated circuit (IC), setting up the stage for further computer development and hence, evolution. The development process did not continue at this stage. Several years later, in 1971 to be exact, scientists developed the first microprocessor. These two technical innovations became the driving gear of personal computer evolution. For instance, the development of an integrated circuit allowed the miniaturization of memory circuits of the computer for easier data retrieval. On the other hand, it was also a sigh of relief to computer users when the first microprocessor came into the market. This is because the microprocessor abridged the size of the central processing unit to an equivalent size of a solitary silicon chip.

Primarily, a microprocessor is an electronic device, which merges thousands of transistors into a miniature silicon chip. The person behind the development of the microprocessor is Ted Hoff, at that time worked for Intel Corporation in the United States. Up to this particular stage, we now almost have a microcomputer characterized by a condensed central processing unit that is acting on a single silicon chip called a microprocessor. It is important to note that the central processing unit of the computer is actually the heart of the computer. In particular, it is the one responsible for computations, logical operations, encloses in service commands, and administers data flows. Thus, there was still immense prospective to develop another system, which will operate as an absolute microcomputer.

In 1974, something peculiar happened in the computer industry. This year, engineers under the umbrella of Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS) managed to assemble the world’s foremost desktop-size classification mainly for individual purposes. The news of the development of this system came as a surprise to many people who eventually demanded to acquire the new system for personal use. This demand heightened further when the editor of a trendy technology periodical challenged the inventors to vend a mail-order computer kit via the periodical. The inventors of this desktop-size system named it the Altair computer and anybody who wished to acquire an Altair computer had to pay four hundred dollars. To the dismay of the inventors, many people made offers to acquire Altair computers. The demand heightened further until there were no more computers to buy. However, numerous entrepreneurial companies who had acquired the art of manufacturing Altair computers developed additional computers that responded to the ever-rising demand. In 1977, Tandy Corporation established new models of computers with two foremost attractive features. These new models of computers from Tandy Corporation came with a keyboard in addition to a cathode-ray display terminal. Consequently, these computers became the most fashionable simply because a user can program them. Additionally, these computers had the capability to store data using another device known as a cassette tape (Hewlett Packard 1-5).

Personal computer evolution did not stop here. The new phase of yet personal computers was on the way when Stephen Wozniak and Stephen Jobs established their own computer fabrication firm known as Apple computers. The two engineers cum programmers had managed to develop a homespun microprocessor workstation slat-Apple I while working at Intel Corporation in 1976. Since the two were now working in their own firm, they managed to develop Apple II. The Apple Computer Incorporation was now selling Apple I and Apple II electronic devices, the latter selling at $1,290. Apple II also came with a keyboard and complete color graphics among other distinctive features. Furthermore, the new computers from Apple Computer Incorporation had advanced features that none of the previous computers had. For example, Apple microcomputers are characterized by a long-drawn-out memory, low-priced disk-drive programs, and data storage. They also had some advanced features such as color graphics; made available by the Apple II electronic device. Later on, Apple Computer Incorporation sold millions of microcomputers that making it one of the biggest manufacturing companies not only in the United States but also worldwide. Driven by the hunger for success just like Apple Incorporation, several computer-manufacturing firms emerged in order to compete with Apple Computer Incorporation. In fact, before the end of the 1970s, there was a potential market for microcomputers as the sales increased each year.

Among the several manufacturing firms that opted to compete with Apple Incorporation was IBM. However, the first computer manufactured by IBM came into the market in 1981. Popularly known as IBM PC, the model appeared less complicated, mainly fabricated from ancient technologies. Nevertheless, according to researchers, the model was a landmark in the mushrooming meadow of computer manufacturing. Although the IBM personal computer did not make use of the recent technology, it showed that the microcomputer industry was new above contemporary vogue. In fact, many businesspersons preferred this model as compared to other models. Among the very many features of an IBM personal computer was a 16-bit microprocessor. This microprocessor was the fundamental basis for future developments, for example, powerful micros and operating systems. Notably, the availability of this microprocessor to other manufacturing firms initiated the standardization of the computer industry.

In the 1980s, a major development occurred in the computer industry evolving the personal computer further. For example, manufacturing firms managed to develop a potent 32-bit computer proficient in running complex multi-user operating systems at elevated velocities. In fact, the 32-bit computer separated minicomputers from microcomputers. The new microcomputer characterized with sufficient computing power was now capable to serve even big organizations without any quandary. Additionally, the manufacturers developed trouble-free, comprehensible means for managing the operations of a microcomputer. For example, the conservative operating system replaced the graphical user interface to allow computers to choose icons, either graphic signs or computer functions, from the monitor as a substitute to typed commands. Later on, an engineer by the name of Douglas Engelbart developed a computer mouse whose expediency modernized personal computing. There were also major developments that occurred in the 1980s for example, the establishment of voice-controlled systems and the use of lexis and syntax of verbal communication to run microcomputers (Sherman 34-76).

The next model of computers appeared in the 1990s. However, in order to come up with such models, vast intelligence and fortitude were principal prerequisites. Consequently, the knowledge on computer usage increased and many people began to realize the importance of computers in their lives. Additionally, many people realized that just like somebody attending driving lessons, the operation of a computer also required some knowledge and skills. Nonetheless, in those times, it was not easy to figure out the exact roles of computers in society. This is because different types of computers performed different functions; an operation that confused many computer users of that time. The emerging computers and the increasing knowledge on computers made it possible for the execution of varied tasks, which could take several pages to name every single one. For instance, it is paramount to note that the novel computers that came into the market in the 1940s were simple and their purpose undoubtedly spelled out. Precisely, these computers performed mathematical functions as the main fundamental task. As compared to manual calculations, these computers were far much better. Nevertheless, the successive evolution of computers influenced the improvisation of loads of usage styles and computer types, which lucidly delineated the purpose of the personal computer (Allan 526-528).

As from 1990, a particular computer had to fall into one group of computers comprising mainframes, minicomputers, or microcomputers (personal computers). Perhaps to explain the features and characteristics of computers in each group, the mainframes as explained earlier, were huge but with the potential to amass substantial volumes of data in form of numbers and lexis. Noticeably, these were the world’s first categories of computers, which came into the limelight in the 1940s. In most cases, not very many people owned mainframe computers but they had suitors from the banking firms, manufacturing and service industries, and educational or government institutions. This is because these computers were costly hence, many individuals could afford them. Moreover, the lifetime of mainframe computers was between five and ten years. Larry Wulforst asserts that these types of computers required immense expertise to run and maintain. There is a great contract between these computers and the other remaining groups. For example, they produced a roaring sound when in operation due to their vast engine (126).

The next group comprises minicomputers or network computers. The inventors of these computers wanted to enhance communication via computers. Indeed, this type of the computer revolutionalized the communication industry from the time of their invention to date since they interlinked very well. For instance, in order to counter the nuclear threats and assails from enemies abroad, the United States government designed standard networking computers in the 1960s aimed at enhancing communication among soldier camps. Further research on these computers saw the design of the internet, which is a fundamental tool in modern communication systems. In fact, according to statistics released in the 1990s, these computers had spread to every corner of the world. Primarily, networking computers performed the function of traffic managers and controlled the whole internet. Today, so many people all over the world access internet either at home or in cyber cafes courtesy of these computers. With the emergence of optical fiber transmission cables and the standardization of other technologies, the internet has become one of the fundamental tools of communication Campbell-Kelly and Aspray 297).

The last types of computers are those classified as personal computers. It is important to note that successive evolution of personal computers beginning from an abacus resulted in what we now call a personal computer. These computers are easy to use and can perform multiple tasks such as word processing and communication via links concurrently. Comparatively small in size, these computers also have additional features and sell at a cheaper price. In conclusion, the evolution of personal computers has been a long journey that has taken over 2000 years. The present personal computers comprise a central processing unit, a keyboard, a mouse, and a video monitor all working as a single unit. Each of these parts performs different tasks even as the CPU remains the heart and brainpower of the entire system (Palferman and Swade 48).

A Brief History of the Abacus. 2010. Web.

Allan, Roy. A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology . London: Allan Publishing. 2001. Print.

Campbell-Kelly, Martin, William Aspray. Computer, A History of the Information Machine . New York: Basic Books. 1996. Print.

Hewlett Packard. 9100A desktop calculator. 1968. Web.

Palferman, Jon, and Swade Doron. The Dream Machine. London: BBC Books. 1991. Print.

Sherman, Josepha. The History of the Personal Computer . New York: Franklin Watts. 2003. Print.

Wulforst, Harry. Breakthrough to the Computer Age. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1982. Print.

• Tripwire Software Verifying File System Integrity
• Network Caching Overview and Analysis
• The impact of using calculators in teaching mathematics at lower grades
• Modification of Tools in AutoCAD in Saving Time
• Top Microprocessors in Computational Biology
• Excel Spreadsheet Tools and Their Applications
• Lighting Techniques in 3D Animation
• Evaluation of Software: Oracle
• Token-Based MAC Protocols: Wireless Networks
• Computer Sciences Technology: Smart Clothes
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2022, March 22). Personal Computer Evolution Overview. https://ivypanda.com/essays/personal-computer-evolution-overview/

"Personal Computer Evolution Overview." IvyPanda , 22 Mar. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/personal-computer-evolution-overview/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Personal Computer Evolution Overview'. 22 March.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Personal Computer Evolution Overview." March 22, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/personal-computer-evolution-overview/.

1. IvyPanda . "Personal Computer Evolution Overview." March 22, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/personal-computer-evolution-overview/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Personal Computer Evolution Overview." March 22, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/personal-computer-evolution-overview/.

Calculate for all schools

Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, writing a standout computer science college essay.

Hey all, I'm applying to colleges next year and I plan on majoring in computer science. I want my college essay to stand out, so do you have any tips or ideas on how to make a computer science-related essay unique? Thanks in advance!

Absolutely! Your college essay is a great opportunity to showcase your passion for computer science while also highlighting your personality and unique experiences. Here's an outline to help make your computer science-related essay stand out:

1. Choose a specific angle: Avoid writing a general essay about your love for computers or programming. Instead, focus on a particular aspect of computer science that has significantly impacted your life or inspired you. This could be a project you worked on, a specific concept or language you found fascinating, or a problem you encountered and worked to solve.

2. Incorporate a personal story or moment: Present your idea or experience through a personal narrative to make it relatable and engaging. A moment of conflict, challenge, discovery, or growth can make for a captivating story, allowing you to demonstrate how you've applied computer science to your own life or how it has shaped you.

3. Show your passion and curiosity: Highlight your enthusiasm for learning and exploring new concepts within computer science. Showing that you're not only skilled in this field but also genuinely interested and dedicated to its development will make your essay more compelling to admissions officers.

4. Emphasize your impact or contribution: Colleges love to see how you've made a positive impact or contributed to something greater through your passion for computer science. Discuss how you've overcome obstacles, acted as a mentor, or used your skills to benefit your community, school, or other organizations. This will demonstrate your commitment to bettering the world through your talents.

5. Infuse your personality: Don't forget to let your personality shine through in your writing. Admissions officers want to get to know you as an individual, so write as authentically as possible and use your unique voice. This could include sharing a quirky hobby related to computer science or revealing how your cultural or personal background has shaped your perspective in the field.

6. Revise and polish: Finally, don't underestimate the importance of editing and revising your essay. Ensure that your narrative flows smoothly, and work on making your sentences clear, concise, and powerful. Ask for feedback from a trusted friend, teacher, or family member, and be open to their suggestions.

Remember, the key is to make your essay a reflection of who you are and how computer science has played a meaningful role in your life. Good luck with your writing!

About CollegeVine’s Expert FAQ

CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

Computer Science Essay Examples

Explore 15+ Brilliant Computer Science Essay Examples: Tips Included

Published on: May 5, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

Share this article

Do you struggle with writing computer science essays that get you the grades you deserve?

If so, you're not alone!

Crafting a top-notch essay can be a daunting task, but it's crucial to your success in the field of computer science.

For that, CollegeEssay.org has a solution for you!

In this comprehensive guide, we'll provide you with inspiring examples of computer science essays. You'll learn everything you need to know to write effective and compelling essays that impress your professors and get you the grades you deserve.

So, let's dive in and discover the secrets to writing amazing computer science essays!

On This Page On This Page -->

Computer Science Essays: Understanding the Basics

A computer science essay is a piece of writing that explores a topic related to computer science. It may take different forms, such as an argumentative essay, a research paper, a case study, or a reflection paper. 

Just like any other essay, it should be well-researched, clear, concise, and effectively communicate the writer's ideas and arguments.

Computer essay examples encompass a wide range of topics and types, providing students with a diverse set of writing opportunities. 

Here, we will explore some common types of computer science essays:

Middle School Computer Science Essay Example

College Essay Example Computer Science

University Computer Science Essay Example

Computer Science Extended Essay Example

Uiuc Computer Science Essay Example [

Computer Science Essay Examples For Different Fields

Computer science is a broad field that encompasses many different areas of study. For that, given below are some examples of computer science essays for some of the most popular fields within the discipline. 

By exploring these examples, you can gain insight into the different types of essays within this field.

College Application Essay Examples Computer Science

The Future of Computers Technology

Historical Development of Computer Science

Young Children and Technology: Building Computer Literacy

Computer Science And Artificial Intelligence

Looking for more examples of computer science essays? Given below are some additional examples of computer science essays for readers to explore and gain further inspiration from. 

Computer Science – My Choice for Future Career

My Motivation to Pursue Undergraduate Studies in Computer Engineering

Abstract Computer Science

Computer Science Personal Statement Example

Sop For Computer Science

Computer Science Essay Topics

There are countless computer science essay topics to choose from, so it can be challenging to narrow down your options. 

However, the key is to choose a topic that you are passionate about and that aligns with your assignment requirements.

Here are ten examples of computer science essay topics to get you started:

• The impact of artificial intelligence on society: benefits and drawbacks
• Cybersecurity measures in cloud computing systems
• The Ethics of big data: privacy, bias, and Transparency
• The future of quantum computing: possibilities and challenges
• The Role of computer hardware in Healthcare: current applications and potential innovations
• Programming languages: a comparative analysis of their strengths and weaknesses
• The use of machine learning in predicting human behavior
• The challenges and solutions for developing secure and reliable software
• The Role of blockchain technology in improving supply chain management
• The use of data analytics in business decision-making.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Tips to Write an Effective Computer Science Essay

Writing an effective computer science essay requires a combination of technical expertise and strong writing skills. Here are some tips to help you craft a compelling and well-written essay:

Understand the Requirements: Make sure you understand the assignment requirements, including the essay type, format, and length.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about and that aligns with your assignment requirements.
• Create an Outline: Develop a clear and organized outline that highlights the main points and subtopics of your essay.
• Use Appropriate Language and Tone: Use technical terms and language when appropriate. But ensure your writing is clear, concise, and accessible to your target audience.
• Provide Evidence: Use relevant and credible evidence to support your claims, and ensure you cite your sources correctly.
• Edit and Proofread Your Essay: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and accuracy. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and formatting issues.

By following these tips, you can improve the quality of your computer science essay and increase your chances of success.

In conclusion, writing a computer science essay can be a challenging yet rewarding experience. 

It allows you to showcase your knowledge and skills within the field and develop your writing and critical thinking abilities. By following the examples provided in this blog, you can create an effective computer science essay, which will meet your requirements.

If you find yourself struggling with the writing process, consider seeking essay writing help online from CollegeEssay.org. 

Our AI essay writer can provide guidance and support in crafting a top-notch computer science essay.

So, what are you waiting for? Hire our computer science essay writing service today!

Nova A. (Literature, Marketing)

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That’s our Job!

Legal & Policies

• Privacy Policy
• Cookies Policy
• Terms of Use
• Refunds & Cancellations
• Our Writers
• Success Stories
• Our Guarantees
• Affiliate Program
• Referral Program
• AI Essay Writer

Disclaimer: All client orders are completed by our team of highly qualified human writers. The essays and papers provided by us are not to be used for submission but rather as learning models only.

Personal computer essay

Personal Computers can help individuals solve a variety of problems. Computer applications enable an individual to manage information effectively, provided the user has basic knowledge of computers. A basic training in computers would mean – knowing the parts of the computer, writing drafts and final products with a word processor, searching for information using a CD-ROM database A basic level of knowledge of computers can help a great deal. Work that would otherwise need to be done manually can be done using spreadsheets. This includes day to day accounting work like keeping track of expenses and bills.

Computer applications not only make it easier but also allow comparative analysis and support various other features that would be quite difficult and sometimes even impossible to be done manually. One advantage of using computer applications is that a copy is always saved in the computer. The search facility of a computer allows easy to old files and documents. A search through a file of hard copies can take many times more time that an electronic search. Word processing applications make letter writing very simple. One can save sample letters and drafts.

It becomes easy to open an existing document and make a few changes here and there than to rewrite another. With a basic training in database management systems a PC user can start building simple database applications and using them. There are various software programs that can be used for training purposes. A personal computer allows access to emailing and internet which is one of the most effective means of communication and access to any information.

Related essays:

• TABLE OF CONTENTS essay
• Hacking In Ethical Way essay
• Riverbed Modeler Software By, essay
• Computer Hacking essay

Computer Skills for Information Problem-Solving: Learning and Teaching Technology in Context. ERIC Digest, Eisenberg, Michael B. – Johnson, Doug

What are your chances of acceptance?

Calculate for all schools, your chance of acceptance.

Your chancing factors

Extracurriculars.

How to Write the “Why Computer Science?” Essay

What’s covered:, what is the purpose of the “why computer science” essay, elements of a good computer science essay, computer science essay example, where to get your essay edited.

You will encounter many essay prompts as you start applying to schools, but if you are intent on majoring in computer science or a related field, you will come across the “ Why Computer Science? ” essay archetype. It’s important that you know the importance behind this prompt and what constitutes a good response in order to make your essay stand out.

For more information on writing essays, check out CollegeVine’s extensive essay guides that include everything from general tips, to essay examples, to essay breakdowns that will help you write the essays for over 100 schools.

Colleges ask you to write a “ Why Computer Science? ” essay so you may communicate your passion for computer science, and demonstrate how it aligns with your personal and professional goals. Admissions committees want to see that you have a deep interest and commitment to the field, and that you have a vision for how a degree in computer science will propel your future aspirations.

The essay provides an opportunity to distinguish yourself from other applicants. It’s your chance to showcase your understanding of the discipline, your experiences that sparked or deepened your interest in the field, and your ambitions for future study and career. You can detail how a computer science degree will equip you with the skills and knowledge you need to make a meaningful contribution in this rapidly evolving field.

A well-crafted “ Why Computer Science? ” essay not only convinces the admissions committee of your enthusiasm and commitment to computer science, but also provides a glimpse of your ability to think critically, solve problems, and communicate effectively—essential skills for a  computer scientist.

The essay also gives you an opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the specific computer science program at the college or university you are applying to. You can discuss how the program’s resources, faculty, curriculum, and culture align with your academic interests and career goals. A strong “ Why Computer Science? ” essay shows that you have done your research, and that you are applying to the program not just because you want to study computer science, but because you believe that this particular program is the best fit for you.

Writing an effective “ Why Computer Science ?” essay often requires a blend of two popular college essay archetypes: “ Why This Major? ” and “ Why This College? “.

Explain “Why This Major?”

The “ Why This Major? ” essay is an opportunity for you to dig deep into your motivations and passions for studying Computer Science. It’s about sharing your ‘origin story’ of how your interest in Computer Science took root and blossomed. This part of your essay could recount an early experience with coding, a compelling Computer Science class you took, or a personal project that sparked your fascination.

What was the journey that led you to this major? Was it a particular incident, or did your interest evolve over time? Did you participate in related activities, like coding clubs, online courses, hackathons, or internships?

Importantly, this essay should also shed light on your future aspirations. How does your interest in Computer Science connect to your career goals? What kind of problems do you hope to solve with your degree?

The key for a strong “ Why This Major? ” essay is to make the reader understand your connection to the subject. This is done through explaining your fascination and love for computer science. What emotions do you feel when you are coding? How does it make you feel when you figure out the solution after hours of trying? What aspects of your personality shine when you are coding? 

By addressing these questions, you can effectively demonstrate a deep, personal, and genuine connection with the major.

Emphasize “Why This College?”

The “ Why This College? ” component of the essay demonstrates your understanding of the specific university and its Computer Science program. This is where you show that you’ve done your homework about the college, and you know what resources it has to support your academic journey.

What unique opportunities does the university offer for Computer Science students? Are there particular courses, professors, research opportunities, or clubs that align with your interests? Perhaps there’s a study abroad program or an industry partnership that could give you a unique learning experience. Maybe the university has a particular teaching methodology that resonates with you.

Also, think about the larger university community. What aspects of the campus culture, community, location, or extracurricular opportunities enhance your interest in this college? Remember, this is not about general praises but about specific features that align with your goals. How will these resources and opportunities help you explore your interests further and achieve your career goals? How does the university’s vision and mission resonate with your own values and career aspirations?

It’s important when discussing the school’s resources that you always draw a connection between the opportunity and yourself. For example, don’t tell us you want to work with X professor because of their work pioneering regenerative AI. Go a step further and say because of your goal to develop AI surgeons for remote communities, learning how to strengthen AI feedback loops from X professor would bring you one step closer to achieving your dream.

By articulating your thoughts on these aspects, you demonstrate a strong alignment between the college and your academic goals, enhancing your appeal as a prospective student.

Demonstrate a Deep Understanding of Computer Science

As with a traditional “ Why This Major? ” essay, you must exhibit a deep and clear understanding of computer science. Discuss specific areas within the field that pique your interest and why. This could range from artificial intelligence to software development, or from data science to cybersecurity. 

What’s important is to not just boast and say “ I have a strong grasp on cybersecurity ”, but instead use your knowledge to show your readers your passion: “ After being bombarded with cyber attack after cyber attack, I explained to my grandparents the concept of end-to-end encryption and how phishing was not the same as a peaceful afternoon on a lake. ”

Make it Fun!

Students make the mistake of thinking their college essays have to be serious and hyper-professional. While you don’t want to be throwing around slang and want to present yourself in a positive light, you shouldn’t feel like you’re not allowed to have fun with your essay. Let your personality shine and crack a few jokes.

You can, and should, also get creative with your essay. A great way to do this in a computer science essay is to incorporate lines of code or write the essay like you are writing out code. 

Now we will go over a real “ Why Computer Science? ” essay a student submitted and explore what the essay did well, and where there is room for improvement.

Please note: Looking at examples of real essays students have submitted to colleges can be very beneficial to get inspiration for your essays. You should never copy or plagiarize from these examples when writing your own essays. Colleges can tell when an essay isn’t genuine and will not view students favorably if they plagiarized.

I held my breath and hit RUN. Yes! A plump white cat jumped out and began to catch the falling pizzas. Although my Fat Cat project seems simple now, it was the beginning of an enthusiastic passion for computer science. Four years and thousands of hours of programming later, that passion has grown into an intense desire to explore how computer science can serve society. Every day, surrounded by technology that can recognize my face and recommend scarily-specific ads, I’m reminded of Uncle Ben’s advice to a young Spiderman: “with great power comes great responsibility”. Likewise, the need to ensure digital equality has skyrocketed with AI’s far-reaching presence in society; and I believe that digital fairness starts with equality in education.

The unique use of threads at the College of Computing perfectly matches my interests in AI and its potential use in education; the path of combined threads on Intelligence and People gives me the rare opportunity to delve deep into both areas. I’m particularly intrigued by the rich sets of both knowledge-based and data-driven intelligence courses, as I believe AI should not only show correlation of events, but also provide insight for why they occur.

In my four years as an enthusiastic online English tutor, I’ve worked hard to help students overcome both financial and technological obstacles in hopes of bringing quality education to people from diverse backgrounds. For this reason, I’m extremely excited by the many courses in the People thread that focus on education and human-centered technology. I’d love to explore how to integrate AI technology into the teaching process to make education more available, affordable, and effective for people everywhere. And with the innumerable opportunities that Georgia Tech has to offer, I know that I will be able to go further here than anywhere else.

What the Essay Did Well 

This essay perfectly accomplishes the two key parts of a “ Why Computer Science? ” essay: answering “ Why This Major? ” and “ Why This College? ”. Not to mention, we get a lot of insight into this student and what they care about beyond computer science, and a fun hook at the beginning.

Starting with the “ Why This Major? ” aspect of the response, this essay demonstrates what got the student into computer science, why they are passionate about the subject, and what their goals are. They show us their introduction to the world of CS with an engaging hook: “I held my breath and hit RUN. Yes! A plump white cat jumped out and began to catch the falling pizzas. ” We then see this is a core passion because they spent “ Four years and thousands of hours ,” coding.

The student shows us why they care about AI with the sentence, “ Every day, surrounded by technology that can recognize my face and recommend scarily-specific ads ,” which makes the topic personal by demonstrating their fear at AI’s capabilities. But, rather than let panic overwhelm them, the student calls upon Spiderman and tells us their goal of establishing digital equality through education. This provides a great basis for the rest of the essay, as it thoroughly explains the students motivations and goals, and demonstrates their appreciation for interdisciplinary topics.

Then, the essay shifts into answering “ Why This College? ”, which it does very well by honing in on a unique facet of Georgia Tech’s College of Computing: threads. This is a great example of how to provide depth to the school resources you mention. The student describes the two threads and not only why the combination is important to them, but how their previous experiences (i.e. online English tutor) correlate to the values of the thread: “ For this reason, I’m extremely excited by the many courses in the People thread that focus on education and human-centered technology. ”

What Could Be Improved

This essay does a good job covering the basics of the prompt, but it could be elevated with more nuance and detail. The biggest thing missing from this essay is a strong core to tie everything together. What do we mean by that? We want to see a common theme, anecdote, or motivation that is weaved throughout the entire essay to connect everything. Take the Spiderman quote for example. If this was expanded, it could have been the perfect core for this essay.

Underlying this student’s interest in AI is a passion for social justice, so they could have used the quote about power and responsibility to talk about existing injustices with AI and how once they have the power to create AI they will act responsibly and help affected communities. They are clearly passionate about equality of education, but there is a disconnect between education and AI that comes from a lack of detail. To strengthen the core of the essay, this student needs to include real-world examples of how AI is fostering inequities in education. This takes their essay from theoretical to practical.

Whether you’re a seasoned writer or a novice trying your hand at college application essays, the review and editing process is crucial. A fresh set of eyes can provide valuable insights into the clarity, coherence, and impact of your writing. Our free Peer Essay Review tool offers a unique platform to get your essay reviewed by another student. Peer reviews can often uncover gaps, provide new insights or enhance the clarity of your essay, making your arguments more compelling. The best part? You can return the favor by reviewing other students’ essays, which is a great way to hone your own writing and critical thinking skills.

For a more professional touch, consider getting your essay reviewed by a college admissions expert . CollegeVine advisors have years of experience helping students refine their writing and successfully apply to top-tier schools. They can provide specific advice on how to showcase your strengths, address any weaknesses, and generally present yourself in the best possible light.

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

• Essay on Computer

Long and Short Computer Essay

The term computer was once used to refer to a person who did computation, unlike today. The development of early prototypes that led to the modern computer is credited to many individuals throughout history. A series of breakthroughs, beginning with transistor computers and then integrated circuit computers, resulted in the development of transistor technology and the integrated circuit chip, causing digital computers to largely replace analogue computers. 

In this essay, we will discuss the various components and types of computers and talk about their uses in various fields.

Long Computer Essay in English

A computer is an electronic tool that manipulates data or information. It can store, retrieve, and process information. We can type documents, send emails, play games, and browse the Web using a computer. It can also be used to edit spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos, or create them. 

Early computers were conceived only as devices for calculating. Simple manual devices such as the abacus have helped individuals do calculations since ancient times. Some mechanical devices were built early in the Industrial Revolution to automate long, tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. In the early 20th century, more sophisticated electrical machines performed specialized analogue calculations. 

Common Components of Computers

All those parts of a computer that are tangible physical objects are covered under the term hardware. The hardware includes circuits, computer chips, graphics cards, sound cards, memory (RAM), motherboards, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and "mice" input devices.

 There are five main hardware components: 

Input Devices: 

These are devices that are used to enter data/information in the central processing unit. Example- keyboard, mouse, scanner, document reader, barcode reader, optical character reader, magnetic reader etc.

Output Devices: 

These are devices that provide the processed data/information into human-readable form. Example- monitor, printer, speaker, projector etc.

Control Unit: 

The control unit handles the various components of the computer; it reads and interprets (decodes) the instructions for the program, transforming them into control signals that activate other computer parts.

Arithmetic Logic Unit: 

It is capable of performing arithmetical and logical functions. The set of arithmetic operations supported by a specific ALU may be restricted to addition and subtraction or may include functions of multiplication, division, trigonometries such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots.

Central Processing Unit: 

The ALU, control unit and registers and together called the CPU. It is sometimes called the computer's brain, and its job is to perform commands. We send instructions to the CPU whenever we press a key, click the mouse, or start an application.

Software refers to computer parts, such as programs, data, protocols, etc., that do not have a material form. In contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, the software is that portion of a computer system consisting of encoded information or computer instructions.

It is sometimes called "firmware" when the software is stored in hardware that can not be easily modified, such as with a BIOS ROM on an IBM PC compatible computer.

Computer hardware and software require each other, and neither of them can be realistically used on their own. There are four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the I/O (collectively called input and output) devices.

Uses of Computer

Computers are used in various fields, such as homes, businesses, government offices, research organizations, educational institutions, medicine, entertainment, etc. because of their features and powerful functions. They have taken sectors and companies to a whole new level.

Science- 

Computers are best suited for the collection, analysis, categorization, and storage of data in science, research and engineering. They also help scientists to exchange data both internally and internationally with each other.

Government-  

Computers in the government sector are used to perform various functions and improve their services. In most cases, data processing tasks, the maintenance of citizens' databases, and the promotion of a paperless environment are the primary purposes of using computers. In addition to this, computers play a key role in the country's defence system.

Health and Medicine- 

They are used to preserve information, records, live patient monitoring, X-rays, and more from patients. Computers assist in setting up laboratory tools, monitoring heart rate and blood pressure, etc. Besides, computers allow physicians to easily exchange patient data with other medical specialists.

Education- 

They help people get different educational materials (such as images, videos, e-books, etc.) in one place. Also, computers are best suited for online classes, online tutoring, online exams, and task and project creation. Also, they can be used to maintain and track student performance and other data.

Banking- 

Most countries use online banking systems so that customers can access their data directly. People can verify the balance of their account, transfer cash, and pay online bills, including credit cards. Besides, banks use computers to execute transactions and store client information, transaction records, etc.

Short Computer Essay in English

A computer's a programmable device that accepts raw data(input) and processes it as output with a group of instructions (a program) to supply the result. It renders output after performing mathematical and logical operations and can save the output for future use. The word "computer" derives from the word "computare" in Latin, which means calculating.

Types of Computer

Computers are of different types based on different criteria. Based on their size, computers are of five types:

Micro Computers- 

It is a single-user computer that has less capacity for speed and storage than the other types. For a CPU, it uses a microprocessor. Laptops, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, and smartphones are common examples of microcomputers. Microcomputers are generally designed and built for general use, such as browsing, information search, the internet, MS Office, social media, etc.

Mini Computers- 

Minicomputers are also referred to as "Midrange Computers." They are multi-user computers designed to simultaneously support multiple users. Therefore, they are generally used by small companies and firms. 

Mainframe Computers- 

It is also a multi-user computer that large companies and government organizations use to run their business operations as large amounts of data can be stored and processed. Banks, universities, and insurance companies, for example, use mainframe computers to store data from their customers, students, and policyholders.

Super Computer- 

Among all types of computers, supercomputers are the fastest and most costly computers. They have an enormous capacity for storage and computing speeds and can therefore perform millions of instructions per second.

Workstations-  

It is a single-user computer with a comparatively more powerful microprocessor and a high-quality monitor compared to a mini-computer.

Benefits of Computers:

It increases productivity.

It helps in connecting to the internet.

It helps in organizing data and information.

It allows storing large amounts of data.

Fun Facts About Computers

The first electric computer that was invented weighed around 27 tons or even more than that and took up to 1800 square feet.

There are about 5000 new viruses that are released every month.

The original name of Windows was Interface Manager.

It is surely known that the life of humans would not have been so easy if computers were not a part of human life. This is also supported by a lot of pieces of evidence where we can even see in daily life how the computer is not just present in an organization but is also available right in the pockets of everyone. Thus, the computer has surely made it easy while also spoiling a lot of people's lives. 

FAQs on Essay on Computer

1. What are the disadvantages of computers?

While the computer has surely made life easier, it also has a lot of disadvantages. The disadvantages of the computers can be provided as follows:

People spend too much time sitting and doing nothing but watching the content on computers.

People staring at computers for a long time also tend to strain their eyes, and as a result, they need spectacles to understand what is being written in front of them.

Attention span is decreasing with an increase in the use of computers. 

With computers being AI-powered, it is now easier for people to do all the tasks on a computer and not work on it themselves. This has made a lot of people lazy.

2. What is the process of working on a computer?

A computer is an electronic machine and it needs information to be added in as raw data to function well. It has a flow that determines the accessing of data. The following steps take place before the results are obtained:

Information is taken in by the computer in the form of raw data. This process is also called the input.

Then the information that is not needed will be stored while the information that is needed is passed onto the next step. The storing of data is called memory.

Then the information that is required is crushed or it is split and this process is called processing.

The last step is where the results are obtained. This process is called getting the output.

Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance

The computer can be defined as an electronic appliance or device used in just about every field in contemporary society. That is why this generation is known as the IT era, it is impossible to imagine a world without computer technology. A computer maneuvers information in accordance with the list of instructions. Today, Computer has turned out to be extremely vital because it is very accurate, fast, and can complete numerous tasks effortlessly. Otherwise, carrying out those tasks by hand requires lots of time and effort. The computer has become indispensable to the urbanized society.

Many people need a computer for different reasons; some use it for entertainment while others use it for research, to access information, and to communicate. The benefit of a computer cannot be denied in the business world, at the place of work and even in our personal life. At times, one can feel crippled when they don’t use a computer because it is compulsive. Personally, I need a computer for communication and to access essential information. It helps me to know what everyone else is doing, the network allows me to share documents, view other people’s work, and interchange ideas resourcefully. I use instant messaging devices and e-mails to communicate fast and to store important information for reference.

Additionally, computers continue to benefit my family because they run the washing machines, refrigerators, and other numerous items that make use of the software. They store all vital records concerning work and other daily activities. Families access the computer to help them with their everyday activities such as job vacancies, schoolwork, and booking appointments or flights. It is necessary for all people to acquire basic knowhow and experience concerning computer technology. Otherwise, one cannot get good employment because the computer has inundated nearly all fields of operation in the contemporary world.

Computers have become an important educational resource for my family members, especially my siblings. They acquire more learning materials and vital educational programs, thus exposing them to a wider range of knowledge. They also interact with their classmates and friends through social networking sites and are able to retrieve data easily and quickly. They perform simple research through the internet and so they do not waste a lot of time doing their projects manually. Computers have also enhanced their learning, and their teachers find it easier to assign and collect their assignments electronically. This is an added way for my siblings to show their resourcefulness and inventiveness. It also helps them to come up with problem-solving abilities, writing skills, and design expertise.

Laptops computers are ubiquitous and convenient ; they can be taken wherever one is going. They can be used for recreational purposes like listening to music, watching movies, chatting with friends, and browsing. Computer technology is a positive aspect of contemporary society because nowadays, so many things need to be done at the same time. They have made things very easy for the common man. One rarely finds children playing in the parks, internet games have made children stick to computers. Children all over the globe have great enthusiasm for the birth of new computer games. It’s amazing how computers have changed people’s lives. Although there are disadvantages associated with computers, the advantages outweigh the risks. At times we take this device for granted and don’t truly realize its importance in our daily lives until something goes wrong.

Cite this paper

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2021, January 9). Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance. https://studycorgi.com/personal-computer-daily-use-and-importance/

"Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance." StudyCorgi , 9 Jan. 2021, studycorgi.com/personal-computer-daily-use-and-importance/.

StudyCorgi . (2021) 'Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance'. 9 January.

1. StudyCorgi . "Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance." January 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/personal-computer-daily-use-and-importance/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance." January 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/personal-computer-daily-use-and-importance/.

StudyCorgi . 2021. "Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance." January 9, 2021. https://studycorgi.com/personal-computer-daily-use-and-importance/.

This paper, “Personal Computer Daily Use and Importance”, was written and voluntary submitted to our free essay database by a straight-A student. Please ensure you properly reference the paper if you're using it to write your assignment.

Before publication, the StudyCorgi editorial team proofread and checked the paper to make sure it meets the highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, fact accuracy, copyright issues, and inclusive language. Last updated: November 11, 2023 .

If you are the author of this paper and no longer wish to have it published on StudyCorgi, request the removal . Please use the “ Donate your paper ” form to submit an essay.

Personal Computer Essay Examples

Many students are faced with the problem of finding ideas for writing their essays. This website contains a database with more than 50 000 essay examples, using which you can easily find inspiration for creating your own essay on Personal Computer.

Here you will find many different essay topics on Personal Computer. You will be able to confidently write your own paper on the influence of Personal Computer on various aspects of life, reflect on the importance of Personal Computer, and much more. Keep on reading!

The laptop industry in India, as discussed by Abhishek Dutta, Ayush Palod, Amit Jha, Aditya Patnaik, Debanjan Roy, Kanwardeep Singh, Mukesh Lohan, Pallavi Arora, Ravinder Pal Singh, Shantanu Sinha, Sujay Kher and Somdipto Ghosh in an article, is a part of the IT sector. Despite industrial slowdowns it has maintained annual growth rates for software […]

Apple Computer Inc. has achieved success in producing computer hardware and software on both national and global levels. Their introduction of personal computers, including the highly regarded Apple II model in the 1970s, quickly gained popularity among home consumers. The company’s innovative approach has cemented their position as a top player in the industry. By […]

Executive Summary Apple Computer Inc. ’s strategy to gain market share dominance by market penetration has achieved poor results. This report finds that the industry has consolidated around six companies. The industry is unattractive for new entrants but for the existing firms, there is much market growth to be exploited. The financial analysis of Apple […]

Apple Computers are now operating in a vastly different world than when they began in the 1980s, encountering differences such as the shrewdness of modern-day consumers, and the rise of new markets and challengers. Utilizing Porter’s 5 Force Model, we shall analyze significant alterations in the market. The intensity of competitive rivalry has heightened due […]

An economic crisis can be a crucible that forges new innovations in business operations or they can lead companies to make dumb mistakes that destroy them as they rush blindly to survive. We’re beginning to see corporations move into one camp or the other as the economic downturn gets worse and worse but one company […]

The gaming industry has evolved tremendously over the past 20 years. Most of us can think back to the first video games we played and how astonished we were at what great graphics or unique control schemes they offered. It’s strange to look at how far they have come since then. One of the biggest […]

Get a Mac: Campaign Analysis Introduction “Hello, I’m a Mac… and I’m a PC” But who are you? You have been listening to the quirky duo fight for almost two years now, but have you picked a side, are you still on the fence or could you not be bothered? The twosome at the forefront […]

Hewlett Packard Hewlett Packard is a technology solutions provider to consumers, businesses and institutions globally. The company’s offerings span IT infrastructure, global services, business and home computing, imaging and printing. Hewlett Packard company headquarters are located in Palo Alto, California. HP serves more than one billion customers in more than 170 countries on 6 continents. […]

Define IT Infrastructure from both a technology and a service perspective. Which services does IT infrastructure comprise? IT infrastructure consists of a set of physical devices and software applications that are required to operate the entire enterprise. It is also a set of firmwide of services budgeted by management and comprising both human and technical […]

Definition of the Industry The computers and peripherals industry is comprised of manufacturers of personal computers, servers, mainframes and workstations, electronic computer components, various types of peripheral equipment, and ATMs. While many of the major players in this business operate in various sectors of this industry, the primary computers and peripherals industry is defined under […]

Medicine was revolutionized in 1928 when Professor Alexander Fleming stumbled upon a fortuitous finding – antibiotics. During laboratory clean-up, he observed mold growing on a glass plate that had previously contained staphylococcus bacteria for his investigation. Curiously, the region encircling the mold exhibited no bacterial growth. Further research on the mould revealed its ability to […]

The role of technology in our daily lives has become indispensable. Children have also embraced it as their new mode of entertainment and education, replacing traditional toys with tablets, pods, TV, and video games. The use of technology in education is predicted to shift from books to screens, with robots potentially serving as teachers in […]

Thus the product will be conducive to ransom any screen or surface to a touch screen and hence the name ‘Portable Touch Screen’. The underlying technology used Is surface acoustic waves (SAW). The wave propagates on the surface and gets readily attenuated if interfered by soft objects. Mall parts of the system Includes two transmitting […]

The business environment regulates the management and strategic planning of a company’s growth, which involves reducing negative effects and increasing positive factors. Samsung vs. Apple The title is intriguing and it is challenging to write about these two international companies due to the numerous factors that can affect them, which we as customers or business […]

The international marketplace is changing very fast every day. E-commerce and E-Business is now one of the standard ways to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for business to tap into new markets all over the world. The use of the Internet removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishment of virtual […]

Technology has transformed the concern universe of the 20 first century. Business patterns are affected in every degree whether selling. selling or human capital ; new advanced technological thoughts have improved companies substructure and direction procedures. The intent of this literature reappraisal is to research the inflow of engineering into the concern sector and to […]

Strategic Decision-making is a crucial part of good business. The question then is ‘how is a good decision made? One part of the answer is good information, and experience in interpreting information. Consultation ie seeking the views and expertise of other people also helps, as does the ability to admit one was wrong and change […]

Apple computer has had its fair share of successes and setbacks in the computer industry. Despite being a prominent player, it has struggled to keep up with the rapidly evolving technology landscape after pioneering various trends. The business world has become fiercely competitive due to the integration of technology and computer software. In order to […]

Founded in 1987, Dell Computer Corporation specializes in computer systems, offering a range of computing products and services such as enterprise systems, notebook computers, and desktop computer systems. The company’s goal is to increase market share while maximizing profits. Dell’s expansion into certain Asian Pacific markets in 1993 included investments in regional facilities, management, service, […]

Both are form of communication. We should know its effects, advantages and disadvantages. Rhea growing need of computers and cellophanes A. What is a computer and cellophane? 1 . A Computer is a programmable machine. It is a device that accepts information. Amounts of communications. It is an electronic machine that can deal and store […]

We chose to research Apple Incorporated. one of the most advanced companies of our coevals. It is safe to state that about every one in the US and many foreign states have used or at least heard of Apple merchandises. We will be looking at the macroeconomic variables that impact Apple’s concern every bit good […]

Digital cameras allow computer users to take pictures and store the photographed images digitally instead of on traditional film. With some digital cameras, a user downloads the stored pictures from the digital camera to a computer using special software included with the camera. With others the camera stores pictures directly on a floppy disk or […]

Popular Questions About Personal Computer

Haven't found what you were looking for, search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards.

• Enter your topic/question
• Receive an explanation
• Ask one question at a time
• Enter a specific assignment topic
• Aim at least 500 characters
• a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
• supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
• evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
• analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.

Personal Statement Examples for Graduate School: Computer Science

Crafting a Standout Computer Science Personal Statement

Crafting a compelling personal statement is crucial for graduate school acceptance. Successful statements showcase your academic and professional accomplishments. They also put a spotlight on your personality, goals, and motivations. When you master this process can make your application stand out and secure your place in graduate school. That’s where our expertise comes into play. Our expertise is here to guide you through the graduate application complexities, providing insights, guidance, and feedback to enhance your writing and engage admissions committees.

Successful Personal Statement Examples for Graduate School

In this post, we’re excited to open our collection of personal statement examples for graduate school. We’re sharing two that students just like you used to get into graduate Computer Science programs:

Both essays, while strong in their current form, nevertheless offer learning opportunities on how further refinement can enhance clarity, coherence, and impact. Our commentary on these pieces provides actionable advice on how to approach revisions, ensuring that each paragraph serves a clear purpose and contributes to the overall narrative effectively.

Explore our graduate school personal statement examples and feedback to grasp the detailed analysis and attention that perfects a statement. Whether starting your draft or finalizing revisions, our insights will help you showcase your strengths, improve weaknesses, and express your future vision.

Finally, remember that a great personal statement does not just happen—it is crafted. Let us guide you through this process, offering the expertise and feedback necessary to turn a good personal statement into an outstanding one. Explore our blog for more tips, examples , and professional guidance on making your graduate application journey a success.

View all posts

More from Magoosh

Leave a Comment

Please leave any questions or suggestions in the comments, we try our best to respond within a few days! Your email address will not be published.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Essay on Generation of Computer

Students are often asked to write an essay on Generation of Computer in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Generation of Computer

Introduction.

Computers are essential parts of our lives. They have evolved over time, leading to five generations. Each generation is defined by a significant technological development.

First Generation (1940-1956)

The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They were large, slow, expensive, and produced a lot of heat.

Second Generation (1956-1963)

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. Computers became smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient, and reliable.

Third Generation (1964-1971)

The third generation introduced integrated circuits, combining many transistors onto a single chip. Computers became even smaller, faster, and more reliable.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present)

Fifth generation (present and beyond).

The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence and aims to create computers that can process natural language and have capabilities of learning and self-organization.

250 Words Essay on Generation of Computer

The evolution of computers has been a transformative journey. From the rudimentary first generation to the sophisticated fifth generation, computers have drastically changed, shaping society and technology along the way.

First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tubes

The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. These machines were enormous, consumed massive power, and required constant cooling. However, they laid the foundation for modern computing, introducing binary code and stored programs.

Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, leading to smaller, faster, cheaper, and more reliable computers. This generation also introduced the concept of a programming language, allowing for more complex tasks.

Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits

The third generation saw the advent of integrated circuits, miniaturizing transistors by embedding them into silicon chips. This led to further reduction in size and cost while increasing speed and reliability. High-level programming languages like FORTRAN and COBOL were born.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors

Fifth generation (present and beyond): artificial intelligence.

The fifth generation, still in its infancy, aims to create computers that can process natural language and have artificial intelligence capabilities. The goal is to develop machines that can understand, learn, and respond like a human.

The generational advancement of computers is a testament to human ingenuity and innovation. Each generation has brought us closer to creating machines that not only augment human capability but also possess the potential to mimic human intelligence.

500 Words Essay on Generation of Computer

The first generation (1940-1956): vacuum tubes.

The first generation of computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes. These machines were enormous, occupying entire rooms, and were prone to overheating. Their programming was done in machine language, which was a low-level language. Despite their size and inefficiency, these computers laid the groundwork for modern computing and marked the beginning of the digital age.

The Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, resulting in smaller, faster, and more reliable machines. This generation also saw the introduction of assembly language, which was easier to understand and use than machine language. Computers became more accessible, leading to increased commercial use.

The Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits

The fourth generation (1971-present): microprocessors.

The fourth generation of computers heralded the era of microprocessors. A single chip now contained thousands of ICs, leading to the development of personal computers. The advent of graphical user interfaces, the mouse, and the internet revolutionized the way we interact with computers. This generation also saw the rise of object-oriented programming, which has become the standard in software development.

The Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence

The fifth and current generation of computers is characterized by artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing. AI enables machines to learn and make decisions, while quantum computing promises to solve complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. This generation aims to create computers that can understand, learn, and respond to natural language, a significant leap in human-computer interaction.

The journey of computer evolution is a testament to human ingenuity and innovation. From the colossal vacuum tube machines of the first generation to the AI-driven systems of today, each generation of computers has brought us closer to creating machines that can match, and perhaps one day surpass, human cognitive abilities. As we stand on the brink of a new era in computing, the possibilities are as exciting as they are limitless.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• How to structure an essay: Templates and tips

How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates

Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

Upload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes

Table of contents

The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.

There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.

Parts of an essay

The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.

Order of information

You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.

The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.

For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.

The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.

The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.

The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.

Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services

Discover proofreading & editing

The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.

A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.

Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.

• Thesis statement
• Discussion of event/period
• Consequences
• Importance of topic
• Strong closing statement
• Claim that the printing press marks the end of the Middle Ages
• Background on the low levels of literacy before the printing press
• Thesis statement: The invention of the printing press increased circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation
• High levels of illiteracy in medieval Europe
• Literacy and thus knowledge and education were mainly the domain of religious and political elites
• Consequence: this discouraged political and religious change
• Invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg
• Implications of the new technology for book production
• Consequence: Rapid spread of the technology and the printing of the Gutenberg Bible
• Trend for translating the Bible into vernacular languages during the years following the printing press’s invention
• Luther’s own translation of the Bible during the Reformation
• Consequence: The large-scale effects the Reformation would have on religion and politics
• Summarize the history described
• Stress the significance of the printing press to the events of this period

Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.

There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.

Alternating

In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.

The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.

• Synthesis of arguments
• Topical relevance of distance learning in lockdown
• Increasing prevalence of distance learning over the last decade
• Thesis statement: While distance learning has certain advantages, it introduces multiple new accessibility issues that must be addressed for it to be as effective as classroom learning
• Classroom learning: Ease of identifying difficulties and privately discussing them
• Distance learning: Difficulty of noticing and unobtrusively helping
• Classroom learning: Difficulties accessing the classroom (disability, distance travelled from home)
• Distance learning: Difficulties with online work (lack of tech literacy, unreliable connection, distractions)
• Classroom learning: Tends to encourage personal engagement among students and with teacher, more relaxed social environment
• Distance learning: Greater ability to reach out to teacher privately
• Sum up, emphasize that distance learning introduces more difficulties than it solves
• Stress the importance of addressing issues with distance learning as it becomes increasingly common
• Distance learning may prove to be the future, but it still has a long way to go

In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.

The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.

• Point 1 (compare)
• Point 2 (compare)
• Point 3 (compare)
• Point 4 (compare)
• Advantages: Flexibility, accessibility
• Disadvantages: Discomfort, challenges for those with poor internet or tech literacy
• Advantages: Potential for teacher to discuss issues with a student in a separate private call
• Disadvantages: Difficulty of identifying struggling students and aiding them unobtrusively, lack of personal interaction among students
• Advantages: More accessible to those with low tech literacy, equality of all sharing one learning environment
• Disadvantages: Students must live close enough to attend, commutes may vary, classrooms not always accessible for disabled students
• Advantages: Ease of picking up on signs a student is struggling, more personal interaction among students
• Disadvantages: May be harder for students to approach teacher privately in person to raise issues

An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.

This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.

The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.

• Introduce the problem
• Provide background
• Describe your approach to solving it
• Define the problem precisely
• Describe why it’s important
• Indicate previous approaches to the problem
• Present your new approach, and why it’s better
• Apply the new method or theory to the problem
• Indicate the solution you arrive at by doing so
• Assess (potential or actual) effectiveness of solution
• Describe the implications
• Problem: The growth of “fake news” online
• Prevalence of polarized/conspiracy-focused news sources online
• Thesis statement: Rather than attempting to stamp out online fake news through social media moderation, an effective approach to combating it must work with educational institutions to improve media literacy
• Definition: Deliberate disinformation designed to spread virally online
• Popularization of the term, growth of the phenomenon
• Previous approaches: Labeling and moderation on social media platforms
• Critique: This approach feeds conspiracies; the real solution is to improve media literacy so users can better identify fake news
• Greater emphasis should be placed on media literacy education in schools
• This allows people to assess news sources independently, rather than just being told which ones to trust
• This is a long-term solution but could be highly effective
• It would require significant organization and investment, but would equip people to judge news sources more effectively
• Rather than trying to contain the spread of fake news, we must teach the next generation not to fall for it

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows.  It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.

The essay overview

In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.

The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what  comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

Transitions

Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.

Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.

Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.

Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.

… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.

However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

College essays

• Choosing Essay Topic
• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
• Comparing and Contrasting in an Essay

 (AI) Tools

• Grammar Checker
• Paraphrasing Tool
• Text Summarizer
• AI Detector
• Plagiarism Checker
• Citation Generator

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.

The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.

Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:

• The alternating method, where you compare your subjects side by side according to one specific aspect at a time.
• The block method, where you cover each subject separately in its entirety.

It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.

You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved July 13, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/essay-structure/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, comparing and contrasting in an essay | tips & examples, how to write the body of an essay | drafting & redrafting, transition sentences | tips & examples for clear writing, "i thought ai proofreading was useless but..".

I've been using Scribbr for years now and I know it's a service that won't disappoint. It does a good job spotting mistakes”

The Personal Statement Topics Ivy League Hopefuls Should Avoid

• Share to Facebook
• Share to Twitter
• Share to Linkedin

Yale University

A compelling personal statement is a critical component of an Ivy League application, as it offers students the unique opportunity to showcase their personality, experiences, and aspirations. Kickstarting the writing process in the summer can give students a critical advantage in the admissions process, allowing them more time to brainstorm, edit, and polish standout essays. However, as students begin drafting their essays this summer, they should bear in mind that selecting the right topic is crucial to writing a successful essay. Particularly for students with Ivy League aspirations, submitting an essay that is cliche, unoriginal, or inauthentic can make the difference between standing out to admissions officers or blending into the sea of other applicants.

As ambitious students embark on the college application process, here are the personal statement topics they should avoid:

1. The Trauma Dump

Many students overcome significant hurdles by the time they begin the college application process, and some assume that the grisliest and most traumatic stories will attract attention and sympathy from admissions committees. While vulnerability can be powerful, sharing overly personal or sensitive information can make readers uncomfortable and shift focus away from a student’s unique strengths. Students should embrace authenticity and be honest about the struggles they have faced on their path to college, while still recognizing that the personal statement is a professional piece of writing, not a diary entry. Students should first consider why they want to share a particular tragic or traumatic experience and how that story might lend insight into the kind of student and community member they will be on campus. As a general rule, if the story will truly enrich the admissions committee’s understanding of their candidacy, students should thoughtfully include it; if it is a means of proving that they are more deserving or seeking to engender pity, students should consider selecting a different topic. Students should adopt a similar, critical approach as they write about difficult or sensitive topics in their supplemental essays, excluding unnecessary detail and focusing on how the experience shaped who they are today.

2. The Travelogue

Travel experiences can be enriching, but essays that merely recount a trip to a foreign country without deeper reflection often fall flat. Additionally, travel stories can often unintentionally convey white saviorism , particularly if students are recounting experiences from their charity work or mission trips in a foreign place. If a student does wish to write about an experience from their travels, they should prioritize depth not breadth—the personal statement is not the place to detail an entire itinerary or document every aspect of a trip. Instead, students should focus on one specific and meaningful experience from their travels with vivid detail and creative storytelling, expounding on how the event changed their worldview, instilled new values, or inspired their future goals.

3. The Superhero Narrative

Ivy League and other top colleges are looking for students who are introspective and teachable—no applicant is perfect (admissions officers know this!). Therefore, it’s crucial that students be aware of their strengths and weaknesses, and open about the areas in which they hope to grow. They should avoid grandiose narratives in which they cast themselves as flawless heroes. While students should seek to put their best foot forward, depicting themselves as protagonists who single-handedly resolve complex issues can make them appear exaggerated and lacking in humility. For instance, rather than telling the story about being the sole onlooker to stand up for a peer being bullied at the lunch table, perhaps a student could share about an experience that emboldened them to advocate for themselves and others. Doing so will add dimension and dynamism to their essay, rather than convey a static story of heroism.

Best High-Yield Savings Accounts Of 2024

Best 5% interest savings accounts of 2024, 4. the plan for world peace.

Similarly, many students feel compelled to declare their intention to solve global issues like world hunger or climate change. While noble, these proclamations can come across as unrealistic and insincere, and they can distract from the tangible achievements and experiences that a student brings to the table. Instead, applicants should focus on demonstrable steps they’ve taken or plan to take within their local community to enact positive change, demonstrating their commitment and practical approach to making a difference. For instance, instead of stating a desire to eradicate poverty, students could describe their extended involvement in a local charity and how it has helped them to discover their values and actualize their passions.

5. The Sports Story

While sports can teach valuable lessons, essays that focus solely on athletic achievements or the importance of a particular game can be overdone and lack depth. Admissions officers have read countless essays about students scoring the winning goal, dealing with the hardship of an injury, or learning teamwork from sports. Students should keep in mind that the personal essay should relay a story that only they can tell—perhaps a student has a particularly unique story about bringing competitive pickleball to their high school and uniting unlikely friend groups or starting a community initiative to repair and donate golf gear for students who couldn’t otherwise afford to play. However, if their sports-related essay could have been written by any high school point guard or soccer team captain, it’s time to brainstorm new ideas.

6. The Pick-Me Monologue

Students may feel the need to list their accomplishments and standout qualities in an effort to appear impressive to Ivy League admissions officers. This removes any depth, introspection, and creativity from a student’s essay and flattens their experiences to line items on a resume. Admissions officers already have students’ Activities Lists and resumes; the personal statement should add texture and dimension to their applications, revealing aspects of their character, values and voice not otherwise obvious through the quantitative aspects of their applications. Instead of listing all of their extracurricular involvements, students should identify a particularly meaningful encounter or event they experienced through one of the activities that matters most to them, and reflect on the ways in which their participation impacted their development as a student and person.

7. The Pandemic Sob Story

The Covid-19 pandemic was a traumatic and formative experience for many students, and it is therefore understandable that applicants draw inspiration from these transformative years as they choose their essay topics. However, while the pandemic affected individuals differently, an essay about the difficulties faced during this time will likely come across as unoriginal and generic. Admissions officers have likely read hundreds of essays about remote learning challenges, social isolation, and the general disruptions caused by Covid-19. These narratives can start to blend together, making it difficult for any single essay to stand out. Instead of centering the essay on the pandemic's challenges, students should consider how they adapted, grew, or made a positive impact during this time. For example, rather than writing about the difficulties of remote learning, a student could describe how they created a virtual study group to support classmates struggling with online classes. Similarly, an applicant might write about developing a new skill such as coding or painting during lockdown and how this pursuit has influenced their academic or career goals. Focusing on resilience, innovation, and personal development can make for a more compelling narrative.

Crafting a standout personal statement requires dedicated time, careful thought, and honest reflection. The most impactful essays are those that toe the lines between vulnerability and professionalism, introspection and action, championing one’s strengths and acknowledging weaknesses. Starting early and striving to avoid overused and unoriginal topics will level up a student’s essay and increase their chances of standing out.

• Editorial Standards
• Reprints & Permissions

• Share full article

Opinion ‘Michelle Cottle

The ‘Philly Girl’ Shielding Biden From the Bad News

Credit... Damon Winter/The New York Times

Supported by

By Michelle Cottle

Michelle Cottle writes about national politics for Opinion and is a host of the podcast “Matter of Opinion.”

• July 3, 2024

Amid the public fretting and finger-pointing rage over how to deal with a Democratic presidential nominee who most Americans think is too old for the job, some of the frustration is being directed at the first lady, Jill Biden. Which has me thinking back to one of the viral moments from her husband’s 2020 campaign.

On the night of Super Tuesday, as Joe Biden was delivering his celebratory speech at a rally in Los Angeles, two anti-dairy demonstrators rushed the stage , only to run smack up against the protective wall of Dr. Biden. With impressively fleet feet — rocking metallic sling-back pumps, no less — she inserted herself between her man and potential harm. There is an amazing photo of her grimacing and holding a protester at bay by the wrists as Mr. Biden looks on with concern. “We’re OK,” she assured everyone once the spectacle was over. “We’re OK.”

Notably, this was not the first time the candidate’s wife had served as a human shield for him in that race. Less than a month earlier, on the eve of the New Hampshire primary, she blocked an aggressive heckler and then showed him the door, joking afterward , “I’m a good Philly girl.”

Philly tough. That is who Dr. Biden is, fiercely and reflexively, when it comes to protecting and supporting her husband. This has been her role since the couple’s courting days, when he was a young senator struggling to recover from losing his first wife and baby daughter in a car crash. And those looking to recruit her to encourage Mr. Biden to reconsider his presidential bid may sorely misunderstand her — and their marriage.

“She gave me back my life,” he gushed of Dr. Biden in his 2007 memoir, “Promises to Keep.” Even before officially joining the family, she became a surrogate mother to his two young sons. And for nearly half a century since, she has sustained her husband through enough high-intensity drama to shatter a lesser spouse: his near-fatal aneurysm, the death of his oldest child, the disastrous drug addiction of his younger son, multiple presidential runs.

Which means that if Mr. Biden is determined to stay in this race, Jilly, as he calls her, is going to have his back. Period. Even if much of his own party suspects that he is very much not OK. In fact, the more that elite establishment types clamor for him to move aside, the more Dr. Biden is likely to get her back up.

We are having trouble retrieving the article content.

Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and  log into  your Times account, or  subscribe  for all of The Times.

Thank you for your patience while we verify access.

Already a subscriber?  Log in .

Want all of The Times?  Subscribe .

Advertisement

We've detected unusual activity from your computer network

To continue, please click the box below to let us know you're not a robot.

Why did this happen?

Please make sure your browser supports JavaScript and cookies and that you are not blocking them from loading. For more information you can review our Terms of Service and Cookie Policy .

For inquiries related to this message please contact our support team and provide the reference ID below.

An official website of the United States Government

• Kreyòl ayisyen
• Search Toggle search Search Include Historical Content - Any - No Include Historical Content - Any - No Search
• Menu Toggle menu
• INFORMATION FOR…
• Individuals
• Business & Self Employed
• Charities and Nonprofits
• International Taxpayers
• Federal State and Local Governments
• Indian Tribal Governments
• Tax Exempt Bonds
• FILING FOR INDIVIDUALS
• How to File
• When to File
• Where to File
• Update Your Information
• Get Your Tax Record
• Apply for an Employer ID Number (EIN)
• Check Your Amended Return Status
• Get an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN)
• File Your Taxes for Free
• Bank Account (Direct Pay)
• Payment Plan (Installment Agreement)
• Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)
• Your Online Account
• Tax Withholding Estimator
• Estimated Taxes
• Where's My Refund
• What to Expect
• Direct Deposit
• Reduced Refunds
• Amend Return

Credits & Deductions

• INFORMATION FOR...
• Businesses & Self-Employed
• Earned Income Credit (EITC)
• Child Tax Credit
• Clean Energy and Vehicle Credits
• Standard Deduction
• Retirement Plans

Forms & Instructions

• POPULAR FORMS & INSTRUCTIONS
• Form 1040 Instructions
• Form 4506-T
• POPULAR FOR TAX PROS
• Form 1040-X
• Circular 230

IRS reminds car dealers and sellers to be aware of phishing scams

More in news.

• Topics in the news
• News releases for frequently asked questions
• Multimedia center
• Tax relief in disaster situations
• Inflation Reduction Act
• Taxpayer First Act
• Tax scams and consumer alerts
• The tax gap
• Fact sheets
• IRS Tax Tips
• e-News subscriptions
• IRS guidance
• Media contacts
• IRS statements and announcements

IR-2024-186, July 11, 2024

WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service would like to remind car dealers and sellers to be aware of evolving phishing and smishing scams that could impact day-to-day operations of the business.

In light of the recent ransomware attack aimed at car dealers, the IRS is warning individuals and businesses to remain vigilant against these attacks. Fraudsters and identity thieves attempt to trick the recipient into clicking a suspicious link, filling out personal and financial information or downloading a malware file onto their computer.

Scammers are relentless in their attempts to obtain sensitive financial and personal information, and impersonating the IRS remains a favorite tactic. The IRS urges car dealerships to be extra cautious about unsolicited messages and avoid clicking any links in an unsolicited email or text if they are uncertain.

Phish or smish: Don’t take the bait

The IRS continues to see a barrage of email and text scams targeting businesses and individual taxpayers. The IRS and the Security Summit partners continue to remind taxpayers, businesses and tax professionals to be alert for a wide variety of these scams and schemes . Businesses such as car dealerships should remain alert for targeted email and text scams aimed to disrupt their computer systems.

These businesses should be alert to fake communications posing as legitimate organizations. These messages arrive in the form of unsolicited texts or emails to lure unsuspecting victims to provide valuable information that can lead to identity theft or malicious malware installed on computer systems. There are two main types:

• Phishing: An email sent by fraudsters claiming to come from a legitimate source. The email lures the victims into the scam with a variety of ruses such as enticing victims to provide sensitive information.
• Smishing: A text or smartphone SMS message where scammers often use alarming language such as, "Your account has now been put on hold," or "Unusual Activity Report," with a bogus "Solutions" link to restore the recipient's account.

Never click on any unsolicited communication as it may surreptitiously load malware. It may also be a way for malicious hackers to load ransomware that keeps the legitimate user from accessing their system and files.

In some cases, phishing emails appear to come from a legitimate sender or organization that has had their email account credentials stolen. Setting up two-factor or multi-factor authentication with their email provider will reduce the risk of individuals having their email account compromised.

Posing as a trusted organization, friend or family member remains a common way to target individuals and businesses for various scams. Individuals and businesses should verify the identity of the sender by using another communication method, for instance, calling a number they independently know to be accurate, not the number provided in the email or text.

• Never respond to phishing or smishing or click on the URL link.
• Don't open any attachments. They can contain malicious code that may infect the computer or mobile phone.
• Don't click on any links. If a taxpayer inadvertently clicked on links in a suspicious email or website and entered confidential information, visit the IRS’ identity protection page.
• Send the full email headers or forward the email as-is to [email protected] . Don't forward screenshots or scanned images of emails because this removes valuable information.
• Delete the original email.
•  Facebook
•  Twitter
•  Linkedin

US back-to-school spending to remain muted in 2024, Deloitte says

• Medium Text

WHY IT'S IMPORTANT

By the numbers.

Sign up here.

Reporting by Anuja Bharat Mistry and Ananya Mariam Rajesh in Bengaluru; Editing by Shreya Biswas

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. New Tab , opens new tab

Thomson Reuters

Ananya as the U.S. Consumer and Retail Sector Specialist covers breaking and business news on major firms including Walmart, Nike, Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola among other U.S. listed Cruises, Apparel Makers, Discount Stores, Beverages, Second-hand Retailers, Restaurants, Luxury companies. She writes long-form initiative stories supported by data sets explaining the current consumer demand trends in the U.S. and the impact of macroeconomic conditions on retailers and companies. As a sector lead, she mentors and trains newer members of the team bringing them up to speed with sector knowledge.

Markets Chevron

Treasuries slip, dollar firm as markets grapple with US politics

U.S. bond futures slipped and the dollar firmed on Monday as investors wagered the attack on U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump made his victory more likely, while injecting a whole new level of political uncertainty into markets.