tourism geography essay

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In This Article Expand or collapse the "in this article" section Tourism Geography

Introduction, general overviews.

• Progress in Human Geography Reports
• The Institutional Environment Shaping Tourism Geography Education
• Culture and Heritage Tourism
• Tourism and Agriculture
• Economic Geography and Tourism
• Migration and Mobilities
• Destination Place Branding

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Tourism Geography by Deborah Che LAST REVIEWED: 27 April 2017 LAST MODIFIED: 27 April 2017 DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780199874002-0156

Geography is the ideal discipline for studying the global tourism industry; as the key journal Tourism Geographies (under Journals ) explains, there are many fundamentally geographical aspects to tourism which (1) “occurs in places, (2) is sold and begins in a place of origin and is consumed in destination places, (3) transforms the environment of visited places in ways that are distinct from non-tourism processes, (4) involves the movement of people, goods, services, ideas, and money over space, and (5) presents a distinct way that people view, understand and relate to the world.” Given the inherently spatial aspects of tourism, geographers have contributed significantly to academic tourism studies. They have developed some of the most important conceptual models for explaining tourism development, including resort morphology, the tourist-historic city, and the tourist area life cycle. Additionally geographers have made the most sustained contributions to the study of the environmental dimensions of tourism and have been major contributors to the concepts of sustainable tourism and Ecotourism . Even though it has been at the core of tourism studies and also strengthened geography department enrollments, tourism geography ironically has been somewhat peripheral in academic geography. This status may be due in part to the inertia of academic institutions and staff in not seeing tourism as a serious subject for study, as well as the difficulty in measuring the tourism industry as compared to primary and secondary industries. This bibliography highlights the contributions of tourism geography and geographers to tourism research and education through a review of general overviews, Handbooks , Journals , Progress in Human Geography Reports , and Textbooks and publications on Tourism Geography Education , as well as those on specific topical areas including Culture and Heritage Tourism , Sustainability and Tourism , Migration and Mobilities , Economic Geography and Tourism , and Destination Place Branding .

The sources in this section provide overviews of tourism geography and are references to the extensive literature reviewed. Butler 2004 interweaves personal experiences from Butler’s academic career in geography in Canada and tourism management in the UK in discussing geographical research on tourism before 1950, from 1950–1980 and post-1980 to the early 21st century. His earlier contributions primarily concerned environmental aspects of tourism such as sustainable development, carrying capacity, and limits to use, while his later work diversified into areas including mobilities and movement, regional development, and cultural topics. Hall 2013 reviews contemporary tourism geography and argues that the subdiscipline has been a significant contributor to the melding and hybridity of geographic binaries, especially in the development of more critical applied geographies of environmental change. Hall and Page 2009 identifies themes emerging from the research of geographers, including explaining spatialities, tourism planning and places, development and its critiques, tourism as an “applied” area of research, and future prospects in the development of spatiality in tourism research. Focusing on the state of North American tourism geography, Meyer-Arendt and Lew 2003 highlights the research themes and approaches of members of the Recreation, Tourism and Sport specialty group of the Association of American Geographers. In contrast to the former pieces, which largely focus on tourism geography research published in English, Kreisel 2004 provides an insight into the German geographical research on tourism and leisure which—with the exception of Christaller’s application of his central places theory to tourism and his hypothesis that zones more distant from urban and industrial agglomerations were more favorable for tourism development—is largely unfamiliar to non-German readers. Likewise, Lazzarotti 2002 reviews French tourism geography research outside the Anglo-American dominated academic literature. The general overviews in Butler 2004 , Hall 2013 , and Hall and Page 2009 note that while geography has been foundational to tourism studies, with over one-third of the most cited tourism scholars from 1970–2007 having graduate qualifications in geography ( Hall and Page 2009 ), tourism has been marginalized in academic geography, with few positions in geography departments and barely a mention in key publications on the history of geographical thought. Likewise Butler 2004 (see also Sustainability and Tourism ) found hardly any articles on tourism and recreation were published in the leading geographical journals from 1950–1990. While the 1970s embargo on tourism research at the Annals of the Association of American Geographers ended with a change in editors and policy ( Butler 2004 ), tourism research has remained relatively peripheral in geography as contrasted to geography’s core status within tourism.

Butler, Richard. “Geographical Research on Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure: Origins, Eras, and Directions.” Tourism Geographies 6.2 (2004): 143–162.

DOI: 10.1080/1461668042000208453

Draws on the author’s four-decade involvement in the field of leisure, recreation, and tourism. Uniquely interweaves personal narratives in discussing the diverse research emphases and contributions by geographers; the explosion in tourism programs (mainly in business and management schools); and future contributions possible if a strong spatial focus and a synthesizing approach are maintained.

Hall, C. Michael. “Framing Tourism Geography: Notes from the Underground.” Annals of Tourism Research 43 (2013): 601–623.

DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.06.007

While noting the context in which tourism geography operates as a foundational discipline to the study of tourism (although perceived as marginal to institutional geography) the article argues that tourism geography has been a significant contributor to bridging geographic binaries, including the applied versus theoretical and physical versus human.

Hall, C. M., and S. J. Page. “Progress in Tourism Management: From the Geography of Tourism to Geographies of Tourism—A Review.” Tourism Management 30.1 (2009): 3–16.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.05.014

Provides a review of the state of tourism geography thirty years from when the journal first began publishing articles by geographers; especially timely given the subdiscipline is at a crossroads with the retirement of those who contributed significantly to tourism studies and the emergence of a new generation of tourism geographers.

Kreisel, Werner. “Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research in the German-speaking World: Three Pillars to Progress.” Tourism Geographies 6.2 (2004): 163–185.

DOI: 10.1080/1461668042000208435

This article provides an insight into German-language research in this subdiscipline, from Hans Poser’s 1939 on landscape and tourism regions to current applied foci on sustainable tourism, including strategic resource and quality management planning and the transformation of former industrial landscapes for recreation, leisure, and tourism.

Lazzarotti, Olivier. “French Tourism Geographies: A Review.” Tourism Geographies 4.2 (2002): 135–147.

DOI: 10.1080/14616680210124909

This article provides an historical overview of the French geographical literature on tourism since the end of the 19th century, which has been hampered by academic institutional assumptions of what is/is not geography.

Meyer-Arendt, Klaus J., and Alan A. Lew. “Recreation, Tourism and Sport.” In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21 st Century . Edited by Gary L. Gaile and Cort J. Willmott, 526–542. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

A useful overview that identifies the broad tourism geography themes and approaches in which recreation, tourism and sport academics have published, including travel; historical tourism; perception; environmental aspects; destination studies; specialized tourism including cultural, farm, and rural tourism and resorts and marketing; and economic aspects of tourism.

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Tourism Essay Topics & Examples

Travelling adds colors and new experiences to our life. It enables one to learn something new, break the boundaries, and expand a mindset. Indeed, the importance of tourism is hard to overestimate. It is the easiest way to learn about a country, its culture, and the people. Tourism is also vital for the economy because a lot of businesses depend on people visiting.

Besides mass tourism, other forms exist. There is medical tourism, niche tourism, sustainable tourism, winter tourism, volunteer tourism, etc. You need to carefully choose what to write about if you need to compose a paper on a related topic.

Looking for travel and tourism essay topics? To help you write an excellent essay about tourism, we’ve combined a list of suggestions. These tips will be beneficial for you whether you need to write a short tourism essay or a more solid research paper about travel industry.

In this article prepared by our writers , you will find tricks on how to select a tourism essay topic, how to outline your paper, and what to write in introduction, body, and conclusion. 665 tourism essay examples are added to inspire you. Let’s start!

As we already mentioned, there are many types of tourism for your essay to explore. You can subdivide it into two distinct groups: domestic and international tourism.

• The kind when people travel within their own country is called domestic tourism . It is easier because it does not require visas, passports, and other formalities.
• When a person visits another country for tourism, then it is international tourism . Usually, it is much more complicated than domestic tourism. It involves having a valid passport, foreign currency, a booked hotel, and a visa in some cases.

As you can suspect, there is an abundance of topics available for your writing. Yet, you’re likely to encounter one of the following tourism essay types:

• A descriptive essay tries to deliver a profound message. The author should communicate some problems by describing them with graphic elements of speech. The goal is to invoke feelings and make a reader think about the issues related to the paper.
• An expository essay aims to inform a reader about a particular issue. Rather than appealing to emotions and feelings, it relies on facts, stats, and data to prove the point. To invoke a personal response, you should incorporate examples. However, persuasion happens because of the facts and not the sentiments.

After carefully choosing your topic, think about the structure of your paper. Tourism essays are not going to be any different in form than other 5-paragraph essays . So, as you can imagine, the travel and tourism essay will consist of four parts:

• Introduction. It has a fundamental purpose because it states what the essay will be about. It should present the topic in an exciting and captivating way to go on with reading.
• Thesis statement. This should be the very last part of the introduction. In one sentence, you should deliver the paper’s message, stating your position. Don’t include any arguments: you will have the central body part for that.
• Main body. This part can consist of more than three paragraphs, connected by linking words. Here you will present your point of view and the arguments. You do not need to travel to a specific country to write about it. To compose a good tourism essay, you need to rely on data and facts. You can also demonstrate other forms of visual aid. For instance, if you compare two cities, tell about their history or architecture.
• Conclusion. This paragraph is the last part of your essay, and it summarizes all arguments together. It should come back to the thesis statement and be supported by your findings from the main body. You can write your personal opinion about the matter. However, the conclusion should not be extended. It should also not include any new facts or ideas.

20 Tourism Essay Topics

You can still have doubts about what you can write about. That’s why we’ve combined a list of 20 tourism essay topics for you to consider. You can use the following topics for your inspiration:

• The influence of Instagram on the tourism industry.
• Entrepreneurship in the hospitality industry.
• Social impact of tourism in Africa.
• Advantages and disadvantages of ecotourism.
• Negative environmental impact of tourism: the importance of sustainable tourism.
• The economic impact of medical tourism.
• Terrorism and how it affects tourism.
• Wildlife activities in tourism and the most popular travel destinations.
• Negative social impact of tourism.
• Significant trends in tourism: how the pandemic has shaped the industry.
• What is educational international tourism?
• The economic impact of tourism in Africa.
• The roots of ecotourism, its future, and trends of this type of tourism in the world.
• The role of media in tourism as the mediator between the tourist sector and the population.
• Food festivals and their impact on destination tourism.
• The origins of religious tourism: the development of the pilgrimage.
• The growth of the hospitality and tourism industry in the past decade.
• Innovations in the field of tourism: new apps, technologies, and advancements.
• Blockchain cases in the travel industry.
• Musical tourism in Russia.

5 Tourism Essay Prompts

Besides, here you can check these tourism essay prompts to start writing right away:

• Negative and positive impacts of dark tourism. First, students are invited to explain what dark tourism is. It is a modern phenomenon that has its bright and dark sides. Explain what the advantages and disadvantages of tourism are in particular.
• Camping in the United States. Each year thousands of people travel to the US for camping. If you choose this topic, you can speak about the most popular parks and destinations for camping trips.
• Effects of mass tourism on local communities. Sadly, mass tourism requires more extensive facilities and hotels. Speak about the impact of mass tourism on the local communities and ecosystems. Try to appeal to the emotions and feelings of the reader.
• World Heritage and Tourism. Tourism is sometimes perceived as a threat to the world and cultural heritage. Large numbers of tourists can ruin conservation efforts. Nevertheless, governments can use tourism to balance and protect these sites. This research paper topic can provide a platform to discuss these critical issues.

That’s all! Thank you for reading the article. Below, you’ll find the tourism essay samples. They can help you start and finish your paper on the given or chosen topic.

774 Tourism Essay Examples

Traveling, its advantages and disadvantages essay.

• Subjects: Trips and Tours
• Words: 1480

Camping Essay: Advantages and Disadvantages

• Subjects: Hiking
• Words: 1482

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology in Tourism Industry

• Subjects: World Tourism
• Words: 2235

Travelling Alone or in a Group Essay

London as a place for a tourist vacation.

• Subjects: Tourism Destinations
• Words: 1135

Tourism Target Market Analysis and Examples: Marketing in Hospitality and Tourism

• Subjects: Hospitality Industry
• Words: 1452

Saudi Arabia, Tourism, Attractions, and Development

• Subjects: Tourist Attractions
• Words: 2034

Why People Travel Essay: Reasons for and Benefits of Travelling

• Subjects: Effects of Tourism

Tourism Information System

• Words: 4454

Maasai Mara Trip and Preparations

Social cultural impacts of tourism.

• Words: 2453

Bali Island in Family Trip Experience

Economic factors that affect tourism essay (assessment).

• Words: 1857

Issues in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Essay

• Words: 1278

Benefits of Tourism

• Words: 1612

Tourism and language

• Words: 1654

Cause and effect analysis of tourism

• Words: 1021

The Future for Space Tourism

• Words: 2499

Tourism Impacts on Dubai: Positive & Negative

• Words: 2078

Tourism In Kenya Review

• Words: 2633

Intercontinental Hotels Group: Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning

• Subjects: Hotels
• Words: 1094

Social Factors that Motivate People to Travel (in Tourism Industry)

• Words: 1796

Executive Summary: Hotel Industry

Factors that have led to the development of the tourism industry.

• Words: 1709

Turkey as a Tourist Destination

• Words: 3016

Travels: the Kenyan Coast

Comparative analysis of hilton hotel and marriot international hotels.

• Words: 1360

The Most Beautiful Place on Earth the Austrian Alps

Sustainable tourism development.

• Words: 2845

Sex Tourism: Features, Effects, and Control

• Words: 2228

Hospitality Management: Food & Beverage Service

• Words: 1786

Heritage Tourism and Cultural Tourism

• Words: 2736

Niagara Falls as a Canadian Tourist Attraction

• Words: 2769

Dubai City: A top destination for tourists

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in relation to the hospitality industry.

• Words: 1866

Tourism Destinations in Dubai

• Words: 2859

Managing Cultural Diversity in the Hospitality Industry

• Words: 2163

African Adventure Trip

• Words: 1086

Problems facing tourism in Africa

• Words: 1716

Student Trip to the Kenya National Parks

• Words: 10804

Sustainability Challenges in Dubai Tourism

• Words: 2860

Tourism and the balance of payments

• Words: 1661

Itinerary for the Trip of a Lifetime

Property management systems in hospitality industry.

• Words: 3366

Tourism Industry in France

• Words: 4257

Trends in Ecotourism

Marriott hotels’ corporate social responsibility, traveling as the best contribution to personal development, importance of hotel industry.

• Words: 3349

Travel Agencies in the 21st Century – Challenges and Prospects

• Words: 2169

Concept of Cruise Industry

• Words: 1922

Tourism Contribution to the Developing Countries Development

• Words: 2414

The Trip of a Lifetime for a Family of Four: Project Plan

• Words: 1017

Two Vacation Locations: Thailand and Paris

• Words: 1927

Sri Lanka’s Development as a Tourist Attraction Site

• Words: 1800

Tourism in a Goa

• Words: 1784

PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain

• Words: 2780

Adventure tourism and development: Conservation or exploitation

• Words: 1632

Disruptive Innovation in Hospitality Industry

Victoria falls in zimbabwe: destination marketing.

• Words: 3028

Tourism Industry: Sectors and Services

• Words: 2811

Kenya Attractiveness for Tourism

Tourism: current and future trends.

• Words: 1705

Religion and Tourism Relations

• Words: 3206

Boat trip at Lake Leman

• Words: 1218

Destination Marketing and Destination Management in Tourism

• Words: 3612

Tourism’ and Employment’ Relationship in the Present World

• Words: 1609

Tourism in Japan

• Words: 1646

Intercontinental Hotels and Resorts Challenges

Tourism – environment relationships.

• Words: 1720

Virtual Reality Tourism Technology

• Words: 1594

Exploring the Role of Gastronomy in Tourism

• Words: 1378

The Philosophy of Tourism

• Words: 2500

Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries

• Words: 3307

Tourism: Benefits and Costs

• Words: 3498

Hospitality Industry Impact on Society

• Words: 1040

National Tourism Organizations

Hotel industry: choosing the right location.

• Words: 2204

Trip in Taiwan

• Words: 1104

InterContinental Hotels Group’s Differentiation

• Words: 3814

The Importance of Travel

Comparison of dubai and cape town as vacation locations.

• Words: 2295

Marriott International Hotel Group’s and Environment

• Words: 2807

Stakeholders of Tourism in Thailand

Pdr hotel & resorts: managing hospitality.

• Words: 3077

Tourism, Leisure and Society

• Words: 2149

Tourism Industry and Natural Disasters

• Words: 1234

Tourism Management of the National Parks and Heritage

Water conservation and drought issues in resorts.

• Words: 3081

PESTLE analysis of the China Hotel Industry

• Words: 3825

Volunteer Tourism

• Words: 1026

Sustainable Tourism Practices: Progress and Limits

• Words: 2490

Niche Tourism Major Characteristics

Recommended tourist sites in beijing, global distribution system in hospitality industry.

• Words: 4461

Code of Ethics in the Hospitality Industry

• Words: 1143

Adventure Tourism as a Major Form of Tourism

• Words: 2290

Kakadu National Park: Tourism in Australia

• Words: 1102

Sarova Whitesands Beach Resort and Spa

• Words: 4183

Impact of the Tourism Industry on Orlando

Security measures in the hotel industry, accor hotel group’s strategic analysis.

• Words: 1493

Integrity in the Hospitality Industry

Heritage tourism vs. cultural tourism definition.

• Words: 1951

Cruise Ship Tourism: Health and Safety Issues

• Words: 3359

A trip to Venice

• Words: 3248

The Northern Lights as Tourist Attraction

Impact of tourism on built environments.

• Words: 1719

Tourism and Hospitality Industry After COVID-19

• Words: 1016

Hotel Industry in the UK and Premier Inn

• Words: 3543

Travel and Tourism Definition

Hotels go green.

• Words: 4252

International Tourism Trends in 1950 -2010

• Words: 1171

Sustainability in Cruise Tourism Industry

• Words: 2392

The Three Cs of History: Change, Comparison, Conversion

Shangri-la group of hotels in the luxury sector, managers in the tourism industry, tourism destination management and development.

• Words: 1380

Authenticity in Cultural Tourism Sites: A Critical Discussion

• Words: 2562

External & Internal Forces Analysis for Red Carpet

Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Tourism Industry — Concept and Meaning of Place in Tourism Geography

Concept and Meaning of Place in Tourism Geography

• Categories: Tourism Industry Travel and Tourism Industry

About this sample

Words: 3914 |

20 min read

Published: Mar 17, 2023

Words: 3914 | Pages: 9 | 20 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, place: physical and human characteristics, place and space, globalization of place, place categorization and tourism geography.

• Carney, G. O. (1999). Cowabunga! Surfer rock and the five themes of geography. Popular Music & Society, 23(4), 3-29. doi.org/10.1080/03007769908591750.
• Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Castree, N. (2003). Place: connections and boundaries in an interdependent world. Key concepts in geography, 165-186.
• Grüning, Barbara, and René Tuma. ‘Space, Interaction and Communication. Sociology in Dialogue with Spatial Studies: An Introduction.’ Sociologica 11, no. 2 (2017): 0-0.
• Monnet, Jérôme. ‘The symbolism of place: A geography of relationships between space, power and identity.’ Cybergeo: European journal of geography (2011).
• Hartshorne, R. (1939) The Nature of Geography. Lancaster, PA: Association of American Geographers.
• Vidal de La Blache, Paul, Emmanuel de Martonne, and Millicent Todd Bingham. ‘Principles of human geography.’ (1926).
• Claval, P., 1981. La nouvelle géographie. FeniXX
• Lau, Chammy, and Yiping Li. ‘Analyzing the effects of an urban food festival: A place theory approach.’ Annals of Tourism Research 74 (2019): 43-55.
• Cresswell, Tim. Place: an introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
• Cresswell, T. (2011). Place: Part 1. In J. Agnew & J. Duncan (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell companion to human geography (pp. 235–244).
• Cresswell, Tim, and Peter Merriman, eds. Geographies of mobilities: Practices, spaces, subjects. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011.

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Tourism Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Tourism

Tourism Essay – Tourism is a major economic activity that has developed significantly over the years. It’s an activity that can be recognized in both developed and developing nations. In general terms, tourism is the movement of a person from one place to another to visit and mesmerize the beauty of that place or to have fun. Moreover, the concept of traveling is considered a luxury and only people with higher income can afford this luxury.

The Growth of Tourism

Earlier our ancestors used to travel by sea routes as it was a convenient and most affordable medium but it was time taking. Due to, technological advancement we can now easily travel to any place without wasting time we can travel thousands of miles within a few hours. Technological advancement has shrunk the earth into a global village. Besides, the modern modes are much safer than the modes that our predecessors used.

Effect of Tourism on a Country

For any country, tourism generates a lot of money especially a country like India. Due to the Taj Mahal (one of the seven wonders of the world) every year the government raise a huge sum of revenue. Also, because of tourism other industries also bloom. Such industries include transportation, wildlife, arts and entertainment, accommodation, etc.

Moreover, this ultimately leads to the creation of job and other opportunities in the area. But there are some drawbacks too which can affect the lifestyle and cultural value of the country.

Importance of Tourism

Traveling is a tiring and difficult thing and not everyone is able to travel. But at the same time, it’s a fun activity that takes your tiredness away. Travelling adds flavor to life as you travel to different places that have a different culture and lifestyle. Also, it’s an easy way to learn about the culture and tradition of a place. Besides, for many areas, tourism is their main source of income.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

India- A Tourist Attraction

The Taj Mahal is not the only destination in India that attract tourist. Likewise, there are hundreds of tourist destination that is spread over the Indian plateau. India has a large variety of Flora and Fauna. Besides, the equator divides the geographical land of India into almost two equal halves that make India a country where six seasons occurs.

Moreover, in almost every city of India, there is a historical monument made by the rulers in their time period.

Benefits of Tourism

Tourism not only benefits the government but also the people that live in the local area. It also creates a business as well as employment opportunities for the local people which ultimately help the government to earn income.

Benefits Due to Tourism

As we know that tourism contributes a lot to the revenue of the country. Also, the government uses this income for the growth and development of the country. Likewise, they construct dams, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, Dharamshala and many more.

In conclusion, we can say that tourism is a very productive activity both for the tourist and the government. As they support each other simultaneously. Also, the government should consider improving the conditions of the country as more and more number of tourist visit their country.

Above all, tourism is one of the fastest-growing industry in the world that has changed the scenario of the world.

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Course layout.

Week – I 1. Introduction to Geography | 2.Geography  and  Tourism | 3.Geography  of  Travel | 4.Classification of Resources |

Week –II   5. Conservation of Biodiversity | 6. Tourism in Africa – Introduction: Part – I | 7.Tourism in Africa – Introduction: Part – II | 8. Tourism Attractions in Singapore and Indonesia |

Week – III -9. Tourism Attractions in Thailand and Malaysia |10. Tourism in Gulf Countries: Part I |11. Tourism in Gulf countries Part - II |12. Tourism in South East Asia: Part – I |

Week - IV -13. Tourism in South East Asia: Part – II |14.Tourist attractions and activities in Egypt, Kenya and Uganda | 15.Tourist attractions in South Africa and emerging Tourist Destinations in Africa |16. North America |

Week – V -17. Central & South America |18. Europe |19. Africa | 20. Asia |

Week – VI - 21. Australia | 22. New Zealand | 23. Antarctica |

Week – VII - 24. Cultural Geography | 25. Outline of Urban Geography | 26. Island Biogeography |

Week - VIII - 27. Tourism in India - Arunachal Pradesh | 28.  Tourism in India - Assam | 29. Tourism in India - Goa |

Week – IX - 30. Geography of Kerala | 31. Geography of Goa | 32. Geography of Karnataka | 33. Geography of Gujarat |

Week - X - 34. Geography of Odisha | 35. Sustainable Development | 36. Geography of Himachal Pradesh |

Week - XI -37. Geography of Madhya Pradesh | 38. Geography of Tamil Nadu | 39. Geography of Puducherry | 40. Career in Geography|

Books and references

Course Status :	Completed
Course Type :	Elective
Duration :	12 weeks
Category :
Credit Points :	4
Undergraduate
Start Date :	15 Jun 2020
End Date :	29 Nov 2020
Enrollment Ends :	14 Oct 2020
Exam Date :	26 Mar 2021 IST

Reading material	Author & Year	Type of publication (article/notes)	Content Abstract	Number of pages
A Geography of World Tourism	Milton Rafferty (1993)	Text Book	Geography around the world and its impact on tourism	1090
Worldwide destinations: The Geography of Travel and Tourism	Boniface and Coopers (2006)	Text Book	A brief explanation of well known destinations around the world based on geographical conditions	624
Worldwide destinations Casebook: The geography of Travel and Tourism	Boniface and Coopers (2009)	Text Book	Comprehensive Case studies on 38 international tourism destinations.	324
Tourism Geography	Geethanjali(2010)	Text Book	Fundamentals of geography and its linkages with tourism	356
National Geographic Learning's Visual Geography of Travel and Tourism	Harssel, Jackson and Hudman (2014)	Reference book	Geography of important tourist destinations around the world	640
Geography of Travel and Tourism	Dr.ChaturbhujMamoria and Komal Singh	Text	Geography and Tourism linkages explained in simple words.	148
India -  A comprehensive Geography.	D.R Khullar	Reference book	Comprehensive information about Indian geography	650

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Urban Tourism in the Global South

South African Perspectives

• © 2021
• Christian M. Rogerson 0 ,
• Jayne M. Rogerson 1

School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

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• Introduces new perspectives on urban tourism drawn from the perspective of the Global South
• Examines distinctive niches in the evolution of the city tourism product of Southern destinations
• Highlights important policy challenges for planning urban tourism and maximising its potential for inclusive settlements

Part of the book series: GeoJournal Library (GEJL)

Part of the book sub series: Urban Perspectives from the Global South (URPGS)

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About this book

This book examines and addresses the particular character of urban tourism occurring in the global South. It presents research essays on tourism in urban areas of South Africa, a country which is associated with big 5 nature tourism but where urban areas are also major tourism destinations. The book contextualizes urban tourism in South Africa as part of ‘the other half of urban tourism’, an overlooked but energetic scholarship which is emerging on urban places in the global South. The volume moves to present a collection of original material variously on national perspectives on urban tourism following by a cluster of city level perspectives. The last three contributions turn to the role of tourism in small towns, the bottom rung in the urban settlement system. Issues of concern include gastronomic tourism, VFR travel, airportscapes, climate change, AirBnb and creative tourism. Finally, as COVID-19 is potentially a defining historical moment for urban tourism, the volume incorporates historical research perspectives in order to address the overwhelming ‘present-mindedness’ of mainstream urban tourism writings.  The book highlights the challenges and opportunities for tourism development in the environment of the urban global South and is relevant to scholars of both tourism and urban studies as well as researchers in development studies.

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Tourism as Urban Phenomenon and the Crux of “Urban Tourism”

A Decade of Progress in African Urban Tourism Scholarship

Recent Trends in South African Tourism Geographies

• Major tourism destination
• Urban tourism in the global South
• Geography of urban tourism
• Rethinking slum tourism
• Small enterprise development
• Off the beaten track city tourism
• Accessible tourism
• Evolution of urban tourism
• Contemporary South Africa
• Capital city tourism
• Facilities for the disabled
• Township tourism
• Small town tourism
• Music festivals
• Urban festivals
• The German bierfest
• Hotel industry under apartheid
• Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism
• Urban hotels
• Tourism and COVID-19

Table of contents (11 chapters)

Front matter, the other half of urban tourism: research directions in the global south.

Christian M. Rogerson, Jayne M. Rogerson

Looking to the Past: The Geography of Tourism in South Africa During the Pre-COVID-19 Era

Climate change threats to urban tourism in south africa.

• Jennifer M. Fitchett

Mundane Urban Tourism: The Historical Evolution of Caravan Parks in South Africa 1930–1994

Connection, place, transit: airport atmospherics and meaning-making at cape town international airport.

• Bradley Rink, Lisa Grobler

Airbnb in Townships of South Africa: A New Experience of Township Tourism?

• Jana Hofäcker, Matthias Gebauer

Urban Tourism Under Apartheid: The Johannesburg Chapter

Student-centred vfr travel: evidence from johannesburg.

• Jermaine Barnes, Christian M. Rogerson

Small Town Tourism in South Africa Revisited

• Ronnie Donaldson

The Role of Tourism in Small Town Cultural and Creative Industries Clustering: The Sarah Baartman District, South Africa

• Fiona J. Drummond

Creative Networks and the Making of Africa’s First UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy

Editors and affiliations, school of tourism & hospitality, university of johannesburg, johannesburg, south africa, about the editors.

Christian M. Rogerson is Research Professor at the School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. For nearly 20 years he has been involved in research concerning the tourism-development nexus in sub-Saharan Africa, including local economic development, small enterprise development, poverty studies, historical research and with a particular interest in urban tourism. He has over 200 publications on tourism among others papers in Tourism Geographies, Tourism Management, International Journal of Tourism Research and  Tourism Review. Edited books have included Tourism and Development in South Africa, Urban Tourism in the Developing World: The Southern Africa Experience, and The Geography of South Africa.

Jayne M. Rogerson is Associate Professor at the School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business & Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. She is an urban geographer by training with a specific research interest in the hotel industry and tourism in cities. She has published over 70 articles including papers in Urban Studies, Applied Geography, Urban Forum and Development Southern Africa. Currently, she is completing an edited book for Springer on New Directions in the Tourism Geography of South Africa .

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Urban Tourism in the Global South

Book Subtitle : South African Perspectives

Editors : Christian M. Rogerson, Jayne M. Rogerson

Series Title : GeoJournal Library

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71547-2

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Social Sciences , History (R0)

Copyright Information : Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-030-71546-5 Published: 14 July 2021

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-030-71549-6 Published: 15 July 2022

eBook ISBN : 978-3-030-71547-2 Published: 13 July 2021

Series ISSN : 0924-5499

Series E-ISSN : 2215-0072

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : IX, 266

Number of Illustrations : 42 b/w illustrations

Topics : Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns) , Urban Studies/Sociology , Tourism Management

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• Introduction

The origins of tourism

Technology and the democratization of international tourism.

• Day-trippers and domestic tourism
• A case study: the beach holiday

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tourism , the act and process of spending time away from home in pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of the commercial provision of services. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in western Europe in the 17th century, although it has antecedents in Classical antiquity .

Tourism is distinguished from exploration in that tourists follow a “beaten path,” benefit from established systems of provision, and, as befits pleasure-seekers, are generally insulated from difficulty, danger, and embarrassment. Tourism, however, overlaps with other activities, interests, and processes, including, for example, pilgrimage . This gives rise to shared categories, such as “business tourism,” “sports tourism,” and “ medical tourism ” (international travel undertaken for the purpose of receiving medical care).

By the early 21st century, international tourism had become one of the world’s most important economic activities, and its impact was becoming increasingly apparent from the Arctic to Antarctica . The history of tourism is therefore of great interest and importance. That history begins long before the coinage of the word tourist at the end of the 18th century. In the Western tradition, organized travel with supporting infrastructure , sightseeing, and an emphasis on essential destinations and experiences can be found in ancient Greece and Rome , which can lay claim to the origins of both “heritage tourism” (aimed at the celebration and appreciation of historic sites of recognized cultural importance) and beach resorts. The Seven Wonders of the World became tourist sites for Greeks and Romans.

Pilgrimage offers similar antecedents, bringing Eastern civilizations into play. Its religious goals coexist with defined routes, commercial hospitality, and an admixture of curiosity, adventure, and enjoyment among the motives of the participants. Pilgrimage to the earliest Buddhist sites began more than 2,000 years ago, although it is hard to define a transition from the makeshift privations of small groups of monks to recognizably tourist practices. Pilgrimage to Mecca is of similar antiquity. The tourist status of the hajj is problematic given the number of casualties that—even in the 21st century—continued to be suffered on the journey through the desert. The thermal spa as a tourist destination—regardless of the pilgrimage associations with the site as a holy well or sacred spring—is not necessarily a European invention, despite deriving its English-language label from Spa , an early resort in what is now Belgium. The oldest Japanese onsen ( hot springs ) were catering to bathers from at least the 6th century. Tourism has been a global phenomenon from its origins.

Modern tourism is an increasingly intensive, commercially organized, business-oriented set of activities whose roots can be found in the industrial and postindustrial West. The aristocratic grand tour of cultural sites in France , Germany , and especially Italy—including those associated with Classical Roman tourism—had its roots in the 16th century. It grew rapidly, however, expanding its geographical range to embrace Alpine scenery during the second half of the 18th century, in the intervals between European wars. (If truth is historically the first casualty of war, tourism is the second, although it may subsequently incorporate pilgrimages to graves and battlefield sites and even, by the late 20th century, to concentration camps .) As part of the grand tour’s expansion, its exclusivity was undermined as the expanding commercial, professional, and industrial middle ranks joined the landowning and political classes in aspiring to gain access to this rite of passage for their sons. By the early 19th century, European journeys for health, leisure , and culture became common practice among the middle classes, and paths to the acquisition of cultural capital (that array of knowledge, experience, and polish that was necessary to mix in polite society) were smoothed by guidebooks, primers, the development of art and souvenir markets, and carefully calibrated transport and accommodation systems.

Transport innovation was an essential enabler of tourism’s spread and democratization and its ultimate globalization . Beginning in the mid-19th century, the steamship and the railway brought greater comfort and speed and cheaper travel, in part because fewer overnight and intermediate stops were needed. Above all else, these innovations allowed for reliable time-tabling, essential for those who were tied to the discipline of the calendar if not the clock. The gaps in accessibility to these transport systems were steadily closing in the later 19th century, while the empire of steam was becoming global. Railways promoted domestic as well as international tourism, including short visits to the coast, city , and countryside which might last less than a day but fell clearly into the “tourism” category. Rail travel also made grand tour destinations more widely accessible, reinforcing existing tourism flows while contributing to tensions and clashes between classes and cultures among the tourists. By the late 19th century, steam navigation and railways were opening tourist destinations from Lapland to New Zealand , and the latter opened the first dedicated national tourist office in 1901.

After World War II , governments became interested in tourism as an invisible import and as a tool of diplomacy , but prior to this time international travel agencies took the lead in easing the complexities of tourist journeys. The most famous of these agencies was Britain’s Thomas Cook and Son organization, whose operations spread from Europe and the Middle East across the globe in the late 19th century. The role played by other firms (including the British tour organizers Frame’s and Henry Gaze and Sons) has been less visible to 21st-century observers, not least because these agencies did not preserve their records, but they were equally important. Shipping lines also promoted international tourism from the late 19th century onward. From the Norwegian fjords to the Caribbean , the pleasure cruise was already becoming a distinctive tourist experience before World War I , and transatlantic companies competed for middle-class tourism during the 1920s and ’30s. Between the World Wars, affluent Americans journeyed by air and sea to a variety of destinations in the Caribbean and Latin America .

Tourism became even bigger business internationally in the latter half of the 20th century as air travel was progressively deregulated and decoupled from “flag carriers” (national airlines). The airborne package tour to sunny coastal destinations became the basis of an enormous annual migration from northern Europe to the Mediterranean before extending to a growing variety of long-haul destinations, including Asian markets in the Pacific, and eventually bringing postcommunist Russians and eastern Europeans to the Mediterranean. Similar traffic flows expanded from the United States to Mexico and the Caribbean. In each case these developments built on older rail-, road-, and sea-travel patterns. The earliest package tours to the Mediterranean were by motor coach (bus) during the 1930s and postwar years. It was not until the late 1970s that Mediterranean sun and sea vacations became popular among working-class families in northern Europe; the label “ mass tourism,” which is often applied to this phenomenon, is misleading. Such holidays were experienced in a variety of ways because tourists had choices, and the destination resorts varied widely in history, culture, architecture, and visitor mix. From the 1990s the growth of flexible international travel through the rise of budget airlines, notably easyJet and Ryanair in Europe, opened a new mix of destinations. Some of these were former Soviet-bloc locales such as Prague and Riga , which appealed to weekend and short-break European tourists who constructed their own itineraries in negotiation with local service providers, mediated through the airlines’ special deals. In international tourism, globalization has not been a one-way process; it has entailed negotiation between hosts and guests.

Tourism ( CIE IGCSE Geography )

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Study Fig. 5.1, which is information about the climate of the Maldives (an LEDC). The Maldives is a group of islands on the Equator in the Indian Ocean, which are important for tourism.

950mm

1750mm

2050mm

3250mm

                                              

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Study Fig. 6.1, which shows how the number of tourists to Acapulco, a tourist destination on the coast of Mexico, has changed between 1920 and 2010.

	Tick (✓)
Acapulco City market
La Quebrada cliffs
Lucha Libre Mexican wrestling show
Our Lady of Solitude Cathedral
Palma Sola archaeological site
Playa Condesa beach

Study Fig. 5.1, which shows a map of the island of Gran Canaria, a Spanish island off the coast of Africa. Fig. 5.2, is a photograph of the tourist resort of Taurito in Gran Canaria.

Study Fig. 6.1, which shows information about the Kafue National Park in Zambia, an area where the tourist industry is important. Zambia is an LEDC in Africa.

Estimate the area of Kafue National Park in square kilometres.

Circle the correct answer below.

1000

6000

22000

100000

Many tourists enter Kafue National Park at Nalusanga Gate and drive through it to Tatayoyo Gate.

What is the distance and direction along the main road from Nalusanga Gate to Tatayoyo Gate?

Distance ............................................... km

Direction ..............................................

Study Fig. 5.2, a map of Hulhumalé, an island in the Maldives, and Fig. 5.3 which shows a new hotel being built.

The new hotel is located at X in Fig. 5.2.

Figure 5.3 

Study Figs. 5.2 and 5.3, which are photographs that were taken in Grand Baie, Mauritius.

Suggest how tourism in Grand Baie may have negative impacts on local people and the natural environment.

Study Fig. 6.2, which is an advert for a tourist resort in the Silvassa Forest region in India (an LEDC).

Study Fig. 5.3, which shows an island in the Indian Ocean before and after the construction of tourist facilities.

Study Figs. 6.2 and 6.3 (Insert), which are photographs taken in national parks.

Fig. 6.2 was taken in the Lake District National Park in the UK. Fig. 6.3 was taken in the Matopos National Park in Zimbabwe.

Describe the natural attractions of the Lake District and Matopos National Parks which are shown in Figs. 6.2 and 6.3.

Fig. 6.2 ........................................

Fig. 6.3 ........................................

For a named area where tourism is important, describe and explain how it has negative impacts for both people and the environment.

For a named country or area you have studied, describe the different methods which are used to manage tourism.

Name of country or area......................

For a named area you have studied, explain how the tourist industry is being developed without destroying the natural environment.

Name of area ......................................................................................

For a named area you have studied where tourism is important, explain how it is managed so that the risks to the natural environment are reduced. Name of area ............................................................

For a named area you have studied, explain how tourism is managed in order for it to be sustainable. Name of area...............................................

For a named tourist area you have studied, explain how the tourist industry may cause problems for local people. Name of tourist area ....................................

Understanding the Distinct Sovereignty of the Bahamas and its Relationship with the United States

This essay is about the common misconception that The Bahamas is part of the United States. It clarifies that The Bahamas is an independent nation having gained independence from Britain in 1973. The essay highlights the geographical political and cultural distinctions between The Bahamas and the United States. It explains that while there are close economic ties and strong tourism links The Bahamas operates as a sovereign country with its own government and international memberships. Additionally the essay emphasizes the rich and unique cultural heritage of The Bahamas distinct from American influences.

How it works

When thinking about tropical paradises the serene beaches and turquoise waters of The Bahamas often come to mind. However a common misconception persists: many people erroneously believe that The Bahamas is part of the United States.

This misunderstanding while not entirely surprising given the proximity and strong ties between the two regions overlooks critical distinctions about their governance history and sovereignty.

Firstly it’s essential to clarify that The Bahamas is an independent nation not a territory or state of the United States. The Bahamas officially known as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas gained independence from British colonial rule on July 10 1973. This marked a significant milestone as it transitioned from a British colony to a member of the Commonwealth of Nations with its own government and constitution. The capital city Nassau located on New Providence Island is the political and economic hub of the country.

The geographical and political distinction between The Bahamas and the United States is crucial. Geographically The Bahamas is an archipelago consisting of around 700 islands and over 2000 cays located in the Atlantic Ocean southeast of Florida and northeast of Cuba. Politically it operates under a parliamentary democracy with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a Governor-General representing the British monarch as the ceremonial head of state.

The confusion about The Bahamas being part of the United States likely stems from several factors. One of the main reasons is the close proximity and strong tourism links. The Bahamas is one of the most popular tourist destinations for Americans with millions visiting its shores each year. The tourism industry is a vital part of the Bahamian economy and the ease of travel coupled with the prevalence of American culture can give the impression of closer political ties than actually exist.

Additionally historical interactions have played a role. During the American War of Independence and the subsequent periods there were various movements and settlements that linked The Bahamas and the United States. For example the islands were a haven for Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution who brought enslaved Africans with them significantly influencing the demographic and cultural landscape of The Bahamas.

Economically The Bahamas and the United States share a symbiotic relationship. The Bahamian dollar is pegged to the US dollar facilitating trade and investment. American businesses and financial interests are prominent in The Bahamas and many Bahamians travel to the US for education healthcare and business. Despite these close economic ties The Bahamas maintains its own regulatory and legislative frameworks demonstrating its sovereignty and independence.

Moreover The Bahamas is an active participant in international organizations. It is a member of the United Nations the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) the Organization of American States (OAS) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) among others. These memberships further affirm its status as a distinct and autonomous nation on the global stage.

Culturally while there are significant American influences due to media tourism and economic relations The Bahamas has its own rich heritage. Bahamian culture is a vibrant blend of African British and indigenous influences with unique traditions music dance and festivals such as Junkanoo. This cultural distinctiveness underscores the nation’s identity separate from that of the United States.

In conclusion while The Bahamas and the United States share close geographical economic and cultural ties it is crucial to recognize The Bahamas as an independent nation with its own government and distinct identity. The relationship between the two countries is marked by cooperation and mutual benefit but it does not alter the fundamental sovereignty of The Bahamas. Understanding these distinctions helps appreciate the rich and unique history and culture of The Bahamas while acknowledging the importance of respecting national sovereignty in a globalized world.

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• DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2024.2370381
• Corpus ID: 271021353

Group lifestyle mobilities: understanding Chinese senior long-stay tourists in rural destinations

• Huan Huang , Scott Cohen , Jiaying Lyu
• Published in Current Issues in Tourism 4 July 2024
• Sociology, Geography

40 References

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