Development and optimization of pyrolysis biochar production systems towards advanced carbon management

Downloadable content.

thesis on biochar pdf

  • Dutta, Baishali
  • G S Vijaya Raghavan (Supervisor)
  • About 10% of the 60 Petagram (Pg)-Carbon fixed annually through worldwide photosynthetic activity ends up in agricultural residues. Through a heat-induced chemical conversion process such residues can be converted to biochar, a form of carbon that can be employed as a soil amendment, thereby providing long-term storage of carbon in soil. In this application, it has the ability to both reduce GHG emissions and enhance soil structure, moisture and nutrient retention, thereby also addressing global food security issues by improving soil fertility and crop yields.Dealing with several aspects of carbon management and resulting mitigation of GHG emissions, the current project sought to maximize biochar yield from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of maple (Acer L.) wood biomass. Microwave-assisted heating processes are known to be faster and more energy-efficient, yielding higher quality products than conventional methods. Volumetric, spectral and thermodynamic analysis of biochar developed through microwave-assisted pyrolysis showed it to exhibit greater porosity, lower reflectance and greater exothermic energy, and therefore greater overall quality than conventionally-produced biochar. This study also showed this microwave-assisted process to be capable of both producing high quality char and synthesize value-added carbon products. A three-dimensional finite element numerical model developed to optimize the primary parameters was instrumental in optimizing microwave pyrolytic process parameters so as to maximize biochar yields. The influence of selective heating phenomena on pyrolysis conditions was an important factor maximizing biochar yields arising from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass. The application of a doping agent (i.e., microwave receptor) such as char enhanced the severity of the pyrolysis process by better temperature distribution within the biomassBased on numerical models and simulation data, the design of a microwave-assisted pyrolysis reactor affording optimal performance in terms of biochar yields was experimentally validated in a custom-built lab-scale unit. Biochar yield decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature and time while doping ratio had no significant effect on biochar yields. The maximum predicted yield occurred for an microwave-assisted pyrolysis process optimized at the pyrolysis temperature of 250°C, reaction time of 1 min and doping ratio of 16%.The biochar resulting from microwave-assisted pyrolysis was characterized through various physical and chemical analyses: hyper-spectral imaging, pycnometry, proximate analyses, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The biochar's structural development was directly influenced by the pyrolysis conditions of temperature, residence time and doping ratio.In light of GHG emission balances and the economic feasibility of biochar production, a life cycle analysis was important in estimating the benefits of biochar systems over a wide range of biomass, process and application scenarios. The life cycle analysis determined the sustainability — in terms of reducing the undesired effects of pyrolysis biochar systems — of the proposed process for different types of agricultural residues in Quebec, Canada. This would help farmers to assess the economic vs. environmental benefits of employing this technology to put the agricultural waste they generate to optimal use. The economic viability of the pyrolysis-biochar system was found to be largely dependent on the costs of feedstock production, pyrolysis, and the value of carbon offsets. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from such a life cycle analysis would represent a useful tool in assessing the potential of biochar systems worldwide.
  • Des 60 Petagram (Pg)-C par an fixés à l'échelle mondiale par l'activité photosynthétique, environ 10% demeurent dans les résidus agricoles. Un processus de transformation thermochimique permet de transformer ces résidus en biochar, une forme de carbone (C) dont l'utilisation comme amendement du sol, permet un entreposage du C à long terme, une réduction correspondante des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, ainsi qu'une amélioration de la structure, teneur en eau et rétention d'éléments nutritifs du sol. En améliorant la fertilité des sols et le rendement des cultures, ce procédé s'adresse donc aux enjeux de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale Le présent projet chercha à maximiser le rendement en biochar advenant d'une pyrolyse de biomasse de bois d'érable (Acer L.). Offrant des produits d'une qualité supérieur à celle des procédés conventionnels, le chauffage assisté par micro-ondes est parmi les procédés les plus rapides et écoénergétiques. Les analyses volumétriques, spectrales et thermodynamiques du biochar provenant d'une pyrolyse assistée par micro-ondes (PAM) démontrèrent sa plus grande porosité, son coefficient de réflexion moins élevé et sa plus grande énergie exothermique, et donc sa plus grande qualité globale par rapport au biochar d'origine conventionnelle. La PAM a produit un biochar de haute qualité tout en synthétisant des composés de carbone à valeur ajoutée. Une modélisation tridimensionnelle par éléments finis visant à optimiser les paramètres du procédé de PAM s'avéra clé à l'optimisation du rendement en biochar. L'influence de phénomènes d'échauffement sélectif sur les conditions de pyrolyse s'avéra un facteur important dans l'optimisation du rendement en biochar produit par PAM de biomasse. L'ajout d'un agent dopant (i.e., matériel récepteur des micro-ondes) tel que du biochar, a réduit la sévérité du procédé de PAM en permettant une meilleure distribution de la température à travers la biomasse.Grâce à des modélisations numériques et des données de simulation, la conception d'un réacteur pyrolytique assisté par micro-ondes, permettant d'obtenir une performance optimale quant au rendement de biochar, fut validée expérimentalement dans un appareil bâti sur mesure à l'échelle du laboratoire. Face à une augmentation de la température de pyrolyse, le rendement en biochar diminua, mais la fraction d'agent de dopage n'eut aucun effet significatif sur celui-ci. Le rendement maximum prévu pour le procédé de PAM fut obtenu avec une température de pyrolyse de 250°C, un temps de réaction de 1 min, et une fraction d'agent de dopage de 16%.Diverses analyses physiques et chimiques de biochar provenant d'une PAM servirent à sa caractérisation: imagerie hyperspectrale, pycnométrie, analyses immédiates, microscopie à balayage électronique, spectrométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier, analyse calorimétrique différentielle. La structure du biochar fut influencée par les conditions de pyrolyse (e.g., température, temps de séjour, coefficient de dopage).Une analyse du cycle de vie s'avéra importante à l'évaluation des avantages des systèmes de biochar pour une variété de biomasses, procédés de pyrolyse et taux d'amendement. Cette analyse évalua, pour différents résidus agricoles du Québec, le caractère durable du procédé proposé, particulièrement vis-à-vis la réduction des effets néfastes de la production de biochar par pyrolyse. Cette analyse permettra aux agriculteurs d'évaluer les avantages économiques vs. environnementaux de cette technologie pour la mise en valeur optimale des résidus agricoles. La viabilité économique du système de production de biochar par PAM se trouva principalement liée aux coûts de production des matières premières, de pyrolyse, et de la valeur des crédits d'émission de carbone. Les conclusions d'une telle analyse représentent donc un outil d'une grande valeur dans l'évaluation du potentiel du biochar à l'échelle mondiale.
  • Health And Environmental Sciences - Environmental Sciences
  • McGill University
  •  https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/9z903318r
  • All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated.
  • Department of Bioresource Engineering
  • Doctor of Philosophy
  • Theses & Dissertations

University of Illinois at Chicago

Evaluation of Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Bioswale Using BOF Slag and Biochar

Degree grantor, degree level, degree name, committee member, submitted date, thesis type, usage metrics.

IMAGES

  1. (PDF) PhD Thesis

    thesis on biochar pdf

  2. OPTIMALISASI LIMBAH PERTANIAN SEBAGAI BIOCHAR

    thesis on biochar pdf

  3. Studies Point To Biochar As A Solution To Environmental Issues

    thesis on biochar pdf

  4. Architectural thesis on Mixed-use complex by adichinchkar

    thesis on biochar pdf

  5. (PDF) Thesis Application of fast pyrolysis biochar to a loamy soil

    thesis on biochar pdf

  6. Biochar PDF

    thesis on biochar pdf

VIDEO

  1. Exploring the Role of Biochar

  2. Biochar: An Effective and Green Adsorbent for Hazardous Pollutants

  3. Biochar preparation & Uses || Methods of Planting Using Biochar

  4. Biochar production in Ouagadougou

  5. Thesis/Dissertation-PDF File Content

  6. 108.Green Carbon Webinar

COMMENTS

  1. PhD Thesis -- Impact of Biochar and Compost on Hydrophysical Properties of Sandy Soil and Water Use Efficiency

    PDF | On Nov 10, 2018, Alaa Ibrahim published PhD Thesis -- Impact of Biochar and Compost on Hydrophysical Properties of Sandy Soil and Water Use Efficiency | Find, read and cite all the research ...

  2. PDF A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Biochar as an Adsorbent for

    A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Biochar as an Adsorbent for Removal of Acid Gases (CO 2 and H 2 S) By ©Hanieh Bamdad ... thesis chapters. Chapter two provides a literature review to identify different types of biochar production methods, reaction conditions ...

  3. PDF Reactor design and characterization of biochar

    A definition of biochar is the carbon-rich product obtained when biomass is heated in a closed container with absence of air, this process is known as pyrolysis and it produces biochar as well as produced gas and tar [3].

  4. PDF Masters thesis: The Effect Of Biochar On Biogas Yield From Anaerobic

    Biochar is the porous carbonaceous solid produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass in the absence or limited oxygen environment at a temperature ranging from 350 to 1000oC. Recently, the use of Biochar in anaerobic digestion has been explored. However Biochar is mainly known as soil amendment or used for carbon sequestration.

  5. PDF Biochar as Soil Amendment: The Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties

    Biochar, a product of biomass pyrolysis, is recog-nized for its positive effects on soil fertility and carbon sequestration. This review emphasizes the need for systematic research on biochar stability and highlights the potential of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for analyzing soil-biochar interactions.

  6. (PDF) An overview on biochar production, its implications, and

    An overview on biochar production, its implications, and mechanisms of biochar-induced amelioration of soil and plant characteristics

  7. (PDF) Biochar: Preparation, Properties and Applications in Sustainable

    The biochar is carbon rich has emerged as a possible option for restoration of degraded land and to increase agriculture efficiency in numerous frameworks and carbon fixation. This paper is an ...

  8. PDF Biochar, compost and biochar-compost: effects on crop performance, soil

    The role of biochar and biochar-compost in improving soil quality and crop performance: A review. Applied Soil Ecology (accepted). • Getachew Agegnehu: conducted the literature search, prepared the database, analysed the selected literature, created the figures and tables, and wrote the review. • Michael Bird: edited the section.

  9. PDF The Biochemical Impact of Biochar in Soil Environments

    The Biochemical Impact of Biochar in Soil Environments A thesis submitted to Newcastle University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for

  10. PDF Influence of biochar properties on sorption and remobilization of

    The results from this thesis highlight that biochar is an excellent sorption material for organic pollutants with great potential for a variety of different applications in environmental remediation. Thereby, feedstock- governed biochar properties show a strong influence on the overall fate of pollutants, indicating that sorbents ...

  11. PDF High Temperature and Their Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emission And

    Note: Control = Soil; M = Manure with soil; MDDG = Manure with low temperature Dry Distiller Grain biochar; MWDG = Manure with low temperature Wet Distiller Grain biochar; MCS = Manure with low temperature Corn Stover biochar; MHDDG = Manure with High temperature Dry Distiller Grain biochar; MHWDG = Manure with High temperature Wet Distiller Grain biochar; MHCS = Manure with High temperature ...

  12. Thesis

    The biochar's structural development was directly influenced by the pyrolysis conditions of temperature, residence time and doping ratio.In light of GHG emission balances and the economic feasibility of biochar production, a life cycle analysis was important in estimating the benefits of biochar systems over a wide range of biomass, process and ...

  13. PDF Benefits of Biochar and its Applications for Runoff Water Management

    This thesis work was carried out with guidance from Willow Partners, a Finnish company with expertise on the use of willow biochar for soil amendment and water treatment purposes.

  14. PDF Biochar Production, Applications, and Waste Management for Enhancing

    Biochar Production, Applications, and Waste Management for Enhancing Sustainability Benefits across Food-Energy-Water Systems A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

  15. PDF Biochar characterization and engineering

    Graduate Theses and Dissertations Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations 2012 Biochar characterization and engineering Catherine Elizabeth Brewer

  16. PDF Microsoft Word

    However, the heterogeneity of biochar production and application—and of restoration context and focal species—prevents broad generalization and indicates the need for additional field studies assessing the effects of biochar on woody plants.

  17. PDF OAKTrust Home

    significant soil nutrient responses to biochar were generally present regardless of method because the solubility of the nutrients in biochar allow for mobility through the soil.

  18. Microgranular biochar improves soil fertility and mycorrhization in

    Our study addresses the practical aspects of biochar application to soil, such as the lack of nutrients in pristine biochar, issues with its application because of the dusty nature of biochar and targeted application in precision agriculture.

  19. PDF Analysis of Pollutants in Biochars and Hydrochars Produced by Pyrolysis

    of joy to me which in turn boosted my confidence in writing this 80,000 word thesis. Thanks to ArsenalFanTv especially to Robbie Lyle and Tao, thank you for boosting my ... conditions, the biochar yields ranged from 26% to 69% for biochar and 20% to 75% for hydrochar. Model compounds (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose also had similar yields ...

  20. PDF Mountain Scholar Home

    Figure 2.5 Concentration of FAME biomarker for AM fungi (16:1ω5c) under corn in June 2009 (0-30 cm depth), after a November 2008 application of biochar, manure, or biochar plus manure to experimental research plots (n=3). Histogram bars labeled by the same letter are not significantly different (α = 0.05).

  21. PDF Characterization of biochar produced by pyrolysis of biomass and co

    We are not allowed to display external PDFs yet. You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here.

  22. PDF Biochar From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches and Oil Palm Shells Via Slow

    application of biochar which is a carbon-rich material into the soil also will lock the carbon in soil for longer time. Thus, there is a net decrease of carbon in the atmosphere.

  23. PDF ES_BEM_16-2

    What is biochar? Simply put, biochar is the carbon-rich prod-uct obtained when biomass, such as wood, manure or leaves, is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. In more technical terms, biochar is produced by so-called thermal decomposition of organic material under limited supply of oxygen (O 2), and at relatively low ...

  24. Evaluation of Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Bioswale Using BOF Slag

    The methods used to test the capacity of BOF slag and biochar are column tests, batch tests, and swelling tests of BOF slag. The column tests results for nitrate removal are 63 mg/kg for BOF slag and 229 mg/kg for biochar. The results show a similar trend for phosphate removal in column test with 25 mg/kg for BOF slag and 150 mg/kg for biochar.

  25. (PDF) BIOCHAR

    PDF | Current book chapter covers Biochar Technology related to its features, elemental composition consist of and its production technology. Its... | Find, read and cite all the research you need ...

  26. PDF stacks.stanford.edu

    stacks.stanford.edu