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MLA Sample Paper
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This resource contains a sample MLA paper that adheres to the 2016 updates. To download the MLA sample paper, click this link .
- How to setup your software
- Sample MLA Paper – normal paper
- Sample MLA Paper – has cover page
- Sample APA Paper
- Sample Chicago Paper
- Sample CSE Paper
- APA Format Guidelines
MLA Format Heading
This page contains guidelines on how to properly format the headings of your research paper using the MLA format.
1. The Opening Page:
On the opening page or the first page, you would include the whole heading and your paper’s title. The whole heading would include the following information:
- Your Instructor’s Name
- Your Class Information
- Your Paper’s Due Date
- Font: choose an easy to read font such as Times New Roman.
- Font Size: set the font size to be twelve (12) throughout your research paper, including your paper’s title. Never set the font site larger than 12.
- Margins: 1-inch for top/bottom/right/left throughout your paper.
- Double-space: double-space throughout your paper. Don’t add extra spaces (besides double-space) between your headings, your title and your paragraphs.
Sample of the Opening Page:
A sample of the first page of your paper.
2. The Inner Pages:
For the pages that follow the first page, set the heading like this: instead of the whole heading, you would use the header feature on your word processing program and including the following information: Your Last Name and the Page Number.
Sample of the Inner Page:
Example of the heading for inner pages.
3. The Works Cited Page:
Every research paper must include a works cited page.
- The works cited list is placed at the end of your paper, on a new page.
- The heading for your works cited pages should be the same as the heading for your inner pages, which include your name and the page number at the top.
- Enter the title as “ Works Cited ” and place this title 1-inch from the top of the page, see more details in the example illustration picture below.
Sample of the Works Cited Page:
Example of the works cited page.
– MLA Handbook, 8th edition
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I have the following level 3 heading in my thesis:
Project management office and (pmo) metrics team.
Should the abbreviation pmo be in lower case as it is or should it be in upper case?
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So for the works cited page, you don’t need the name, teacher, date, and period heading at all?
No. It should only be on the first page of the essay.
This is some good stuff to know.
I have to write a paper for an application and they want it to be in MLA format. I don’t know how to do the heading because it’s not going to one teacher in particular and it is not for one class.
I don’t think you need a heading besides the “Last name-1” on the inner pages.
Hey Shannon. You might try “To Whom it may concern” or something like that. Don’t trust me on this because I am not for sure on that and if you did do this you might get it wrong and whoever might not accept your application. I hope you figure out how to do it and do great on that application! 😀 – Christopher
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- Tags: Formatting Guidelines , MLA , MLA Style
Like many other formatting styles, the MLA style requires headers to be included on every page. An MLA header focuses on authorship, so the header format contains the author’s name(s) and page numbers.
In this article, we’ll be exploring guidelines around the MLA header format, how to create one, and sample headers. Without further ado, let’s get started!
What is an MLA header?
The MLA header is a line of text above the contents of every page in your MLA-style paper. It contains the author’s last name and the page number. The MLA format header is a mandatory element of MLA-style academic writing and must be present on every page (except the MLA title page , if you have one).
The MLA header helps your readers easily track the page numbers of your paper. It is also known as an MLA running head.
Note: An MLA paper header is not the same as a heading.
MLA header format guidelines
Crafting MLA-style headers requires precision and attention to detail. In this section, we will provide detailed guidelines to format your paper.
Follow these steps to format your MLA format header:
Include the author’s last name(s) followed by the page number after a space. (Example: Hume 24)
- Write your page number in Arabic numerals, starting with “1” on the first page of the paper body.
- Do not include any punctuation marks in the header.
- Place your header in the top-right of the page.
- Leave a margin of 0.5 inches (1.25 centimeters) from the top and right side of the page, as shown in the infographic below.
- Maintain the same font style and size you’re using in the rest of the paper. (This is usually 12-point Times New Roman.)
MLA format header for more than two authors
The official MLA Handbook does not prescribe detailed guidelines for how headers are written in papers with multiple authors. We’ve compiled some commonly used guidelines that you can consider while creating your header.
MLA header for two authors
If you’re writing your paper with someone, your header must contain both your names followed by the page number. For example:
Hume and Bachchhav 24
Separate your names with the conjunction “and”. Avoid the use of ampersands (&).
MLA header for three or more authors
If you’re working on a group project or a paper with three or more authors, you can list only the surname of the first listed author of the paper, followed by “et al.” and the page number. For example, the header for a paper written by Hume, Bachchhav, and Scott will look like this:
Hume et al. 24
Another acceptable header format for a paper with more than three authors is to list down all the authors’ last names, provided that your header doesn’t become too long. Here’s one such MLA header example:
Hume, Bachchhav, and Scott 24
Since there are multiple commonly acceptable variants of MLA format headers, you should consult your university’s style guide and get clarification from your instructor. You can also look for an MLA header example in papers that your peers or seniors have written.
How to create an MLA style header
Popular word processors like Microsoft Word and Google Docs come with built-in features that let you format MLA-style papers. This makes it quite easy to format MLA-style headers. In MS Word, you can create a header under the “Insert” menu.
- Double-click the top of the page.
- Click the “Insert” menu in the toolbar.
- Click “Page Number”, hover over “Top of Page”, and click “Plain Number 3”.
- Enter your last name along with the page number, both right-aligned
Now that you know how to format an MLA running head you can write your paper with confidence. If you’d like to keep reading about the MLA style, here are some more resources:
- How to Cite Sources in the MLA Format
- MLA Citation Examples: Essays, Websites, Movies, and More
- How to Write an Essay Header: MLA and APA Essay Headers
- How to Write an Abstract in MLA Format: Tips & Examples
- What Is a Mind Map? Free Mind Map Templates & Examples
Frequently Asked Questions
Should the mla paper header be on every page, what font and font size should i use for the mla header, what is included in the mla header format, is an mla header and heading the same.
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MLA Format: The Ultimate Guide to Correctly Formatting Your Paper
Hannah Yang
So you need to create an MLA heading? You’re not alone—MLA format is one of the most common styles you’ll be expected to use when you’re writing a humanities paper, whether you’re a high-school student or a PhD candidate.
Read on to learn what a correct MLA heading looks like and how to create one that works like magic.
What Is an MLA Heading?
How do you format an mla heading, what is an mla header, how do you format an mla header, headings are only the beginning, commonly asked questions about mla headers, final thoughts.
The term “MLA heading” refers to five lines of important information that appear at the top of the first page.
Here are two examples of what an MLA heading could look like:
Hermione Granger
Professor McGonagall
Transfiguration—6th period
18 October 1991
“How to Turn A Matchstick into a Needle”
Harry J. Potter
Prof. Remus Lupin
Defense Against the Dark Arts
4 March 1994
“Why I Think My Professor Is a Werewolf”
Why are these headings important? Well, your teacher probably collects hundreds of papers every year. If any identifying information is missing from these assignments, grading and organizing them becomes much more of a challenge.
MLA headings ensure that all key information is presented upfront. With just a glance at the first page, your teacher can easily figure out who wrote this paper, when it was submitted, and which class it was written for.
What Are the Parts of an MLA Heading?
An MLA heading should include:
- Your instructor’s name
- The name of the class
- The date the assignment is due
- The title of your paper
Your instructor may give you specific guidelines about how much detail to include in each line. For example, some teachers may ask you to refer to them by their titles, while others may ask you to use their full names. If you haven’t been given any specific instructions, don’t sweat it—any option is fine as long as it’s clear and consistent.
Follow these formatting rules for your MLA heading:
- Start each piece of information on a separate line
- Don’t use any periods, commas, or other punctuation at the end of the line
- Keep the heading double-spaced, in the same font as the rest of your paper
- Left-align the first four lines (they should start at the 1-inch margin on the left side of your paper)
- Center the title (it should appear in the middle of your paper)
- Make sure your title is in title case
Title case means that major words should be capitalized and minor words should be lowercase. Major words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and any word longer than four letters. Minor words include conjunctions, prepositions, and articles.
Tip: Remember that Hermione’s “Society for the Promotion of Elfish Welfare” shortens to S.P.E.W., not S.F.T.P.O.E.W—only the major words are capitalized!
The MLA heading should only appear on the first page of your paper . But wait, you’re not done yet! In the rest of your paper, you need to include something called an MLA header at the top right corner of every page.
Think of the MLA header as a short, simple “You are here” marker that shows the reader where they are in the paper. By looking at the MLA headers, your instructor can easily understand where each page goes and which paper it belongs to.
What Are the Parts of an MLA Header?
The MLA header consists of your last name and page number.
For example, the second page of Hermione Granger’s essays would be labeled “Granger 2”, the third would be labeled “Granger 3”, and so on.
Creating MLA Headers in Microsoft Word
If you’re writing your paper in Microsoft Word, follow these steps:
- Click Insert
- Scroll down to Page Numbers and click on it
- Set the position to “Top of Page (Header)”
- Set the alignment to “Right”
- Make sure there’s no checkmark in the box for “Show number on first page”
- Click on the page number and type your last name before the number
- Set your font and font size to match the rest of your paper, if they don’t already
Creating MLA Headers in Google Docs
If you’re writing your paper in Google Docs, follow these steps:
- Scroll down to Page Numbers and hover over it
- Choose the option that sets your page number in the upper right corner
- Set your font and type size to match the rest of your paper, if they don’t already
Tip: After you create your first MLA header, save a template document for yourself that you can re-use next time, so you don’t have to follow these steps every time you write a paper!
Once you've got your headings sorted, it's time to start writing your paper. While we can't help you edit the content of your essay , ProWritingAid is here to make sure your grammar, spelling, and style is on point.
As well as checking your grammar, ProWritingAid also shows you your progress towards key goals like varied sentence structure, active voice, readability, and more. The target scores are all based on averages for real essays, so you'll always know if you're on track.
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Whose last name should you use in your MLA header if you’re writing a group paper?The MLA Style Guide has no specific guidelines for group projects. You should always include the names of all members of the group project in the first line of your heading, but you don’t necessarily need to do this for the header on every page. If there are only two or three authors collaborating on your paper, you can include all of your last names in the MLA header, e.g., “Granger, Potter, and Weasley 2.” If you’re part of a bigger group and it would take up too much space to include all of your last names, you can write the name that comes first in the alphabet and then add “ et al. ”, e.g., “Granger et al. 2.” (The term “et al.” is short for the Latin term “et alia”, which means “and others.” You’ll often see it used in academic papers with multiple authors.) Should you include your class period in your MLA heading or just the class name?There’s no MLA rule about this, but when in doubt, it’s always better to err on the side of including too much information in your heading rather than not enough. If your instructor teaches more than one version of the same course, they’ll probably find it helpful if you specify the class period you’re in. You can either include your class period after the class name, e.g., “History of Magic—2nd period”, or before the class name, e.g., “2nd Period History of Magic.” What should you write in your MLA heading if you don’t have an instructor?If you have no instructor, you can explain the situation in the line where you would normally put the instructor’s name, e.g., “Independent Study” or “No Instructor.” What should you write in your MLA heading if you have multiple instructors?If you have multiple instructors, you can include both of their names in the line where you would put the instructor’s name. If you’re in a college course where you have a professor and a TA, you should choose whose name to include in the header depending on who will ultimately be reading your paper. Should you include the date you started writing the paper or the date the paper is due?The MLA Style Guide has no specific guidelines about which date you need to put in the heading. In general, however, the best practice is to put the date the assignment is due. This is because all the papers for the same assignment will have the same due date, even if different students begin writing their assignments on different days, so it’s easier for your instructor to use the due date to determine what assignment the paper is for. Should you format the date as Day Month Year or Month Day Year?In MLA format, you should write the date in the order of Day Month Year. Instead of writing May 31 2021, for example, you would write 31 May 2021. What font should you use for your MLA heading and header?Both the heading and the header should be in the same font as the rest of your paper. If you haven’t chosen a font for your paper yet, remember that the key thing to aim for is readability. If you choose a font where your teachers have to squint to read it, or one where your teachers can’t figure out the difference between what’s italicized and what isn’t, you should rethink your choice. When in doubt, go with Times New Roman, 12 pt. It’s always a safe bet for MLA papers unless your instructor specifically tells you otherwise. Do you need to italicize or bold the title of your MLA paper?No. There’s no need to use any special styling on the title of an MLA paper, such as bold or italics. How do you format section titles in your MLA paper?If you’re writing a paper with multiple sections, you may need to include a subtitle at the top of each section. The MLA Style Guide gives you two options for using subtitles in a paper: one-level section titles or several-level subtitles (for papers with subsections within each section). For one-level section titles, the formatting is simple. Every subtitle should look the same as the title (centered and double-spaced, with no special formatting). The only difference is that instead of using title case, you should capitalize only the first word of each subtitle. For example, a title would be spelled “How to Turn a Matchstick into a Needle”, while a subtitle would be spelled “How to turn a matchstick into a needle.” For several-level subtitles, you will need to format each level in a different way to show which level each section is at. You can use boldface, italics, and underlining to differentiate between levels. For example, subtitles at the highest level should be bolded, while subtitles at the next level down should be italicized. See the chart below for MLA’s suggested formats. What is the difference between MLA format and APA format?MLA and APA are two sets of guidelines for formatting papers and citing research. MLA stands for the Modern Language Association. The MLA handbook is most often used in fields related to the humanities, such as literature, history, and philosophy. APA stands for the American Psychological Association. The APA format is most often used in fields related to the social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and nursing. The APA manual includes a heading format similar to the MLA heading format with a few key differences, such as using a separate cover page instead of simply including the heading at the top of the first page. Both heading formats ensure that all of your papers include all your key identifying information in a clear and consistent way. Where can you learn more about MLA style?If you have questions about how to format a specific assignment or paper, it’s always best to consult your instructor first. Your school may also have a writing center that can help you with formatting questions. In addition, Purdue has fantastic resources for all kinds of formatting topics, from MLA headings to MLA citations and everything in between. If you would like to find out more directly from the Modern Language Association, consult the MLA Style Center or the MLA Handbook (8th edition). Now you’re ready to write an MLA paper with a fantastic heading. Make sure your essay does your heading justice by checking it over with ProWritingAid. Write Better Essays Every TimeAre your teachers always pulling you up on the same errors? Maybe you're losing clarity by writing overly long sentences or using the passive voice too much? ProWritingAid helps you catch these issues in your essay before you submit it. Be confident about grammarCheck every email, essay, or story for grammar mistakes. Fix them before you press send. Hannah Yang is a speculative fiction writer who writes about all things strange and surreal. Her work has appeared in Analog Science Fiction, Apex Magazine, The Dark, and elsewhere, and two of her stories have been finalists for the Locus Award. Her favorite hobbies include watercolor painting, playing guitar, and rock climbing. You can follow her work on hannahyang.com, or subscribe to her newsletter for publication updates. Get started with ProWritingAidDrop us a line or let's stay in touch via : MLA 9th Edition FormattingA Simple, Step-by-Step Guide + Free Template By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Reviewer: Eunice Rautenbach (DTech) | July 2023 Formatting your paper in MLA style can feel like a pretty daunting task . In this post, we’ll show you exactly how to set up your paper for MLA (9th edition), as quickly and easily as possible. We’ll also share our popular free MLA template , to help you fast-track your writing. Overview: MLA 9th Edition Formatting
MLA Structure and LayoutLet’s start by looking at the overall structure of a typical student paper formatted for MLA 9th edition, before diving into the details of each section. For the most part, MLA papers follow a standardised structure, consisting of the following parts: The opening section : While MLA doesn’t require a dedicated title page (unlike APA ), it does require an opening section that details some important information about yourself, your university and the paper itself. The main body : The main body begins directly after the opening section on the first page. This is the “heart” of your paper and there are a very specific requirements regarding how you present and format this content. The appendix (or appendices): While using an appendix in a student paper is relatively uncommon, you’ll place this section directly after the main body section, if required by your university. The “Works Cited” list : This section is equivalent to what we’d usually call a references page and it’s where you’ll detail all the reference information corresponding to the in-text citations in the main body of your paper. These four sections form the standard structure and order of a student paper using MLA 9th edition. As we mentioned, not all sections are always required , so be sure to double check what your university expects from you before submitting. Also, it’s always a good idea to ask your university if they have any style requirements in addition to the standard MLA specification. Now that we’ve got a big-picture view of the typical paper structure, let’s look at the specific formatting requirements for each of these sections. Generic Page SetupBefore you jump into writing up your paper, you’ll first need to set up your document to align with MLA’s generic page requirements. Alternatively, you can download our MLA paper template (which comes fully preformatted). MLA 9th edition requires a 1-inch margin on all sides , for all pages. That said, if you’re writing a dissertation, thesis or any document that will ultimately be printed and bound, your university will likely require a larger left margin to accommodate for physical binding. Fonts & sizing MLA does not require that you use any specific font, but we do recommend sticking to the tried and tested , well-accepted fonts. For example, you might consider using one of the following:
Whichever font you opt for, be sure to use it consistently throughout your paper . Don’t chop and change, or use different fonts for different parts of the document (e.g., different fonts for the body text and the headings). Also, keep in mind that while MLA does not have a specific font requirement, your university may have its own preference or requirement. So, be sure to check with them beforehand regarding any additional specifications they may have. In general, all text throughout your document needs to be left-aligned and should not be justified (i.e., leave an uneven right edge). You might consider using a different alignment for section headings, but in general, it’s best to keep things simple . Line spacing MLA 9th edition requires double line spacing throughout the document . There should also be no extra space before and after paragraphs . This applies to all sections of the paper, including the “Works Cited” page (more on this later). Page header Last but not least, you’ll need to set up a running header for your document. This should contain your last name, followed by the page number. Both of these should be positioned in the top right corner of all pages (even the first page). On a related note, there’s no need for you to include any footer content unless your university specifically requests it. Now that we’ve looked at the generic formatting considerations, let’s dive into the specific requirements for each section of your paper. The Opening SectionWhile MLA-formatted papers typically don’t require a title page, there are very specific requirements regarding the opening section of the first page . Here’s how you can set your first page up for MLA 9th edition.
All of the above should be in plain, unformatted font – in other words, you don’t need to apply any boldfacing, underlining , etc. That said, you should use italics whenever you’re writing out the titles of other works (for example, titles of books or articles). To make it all a little more tangible, below is an example of a first page formatted according to the MLA specifications that we just covered. The Main BodyWhile the formatting requirements for the body section are relatively light for MLA (at least when compared to APA ), there are still quite a few important things to pay attention to. Here’s what you need to know to get started. Each of your paragraphs needs to start on a new line , and the first sentence of each paragraph requires a half-inch indent (while the rest of the paragraph is flush left aligned). Note that each paragraph simply starts on a new line and doesn’t require an additional blank line. MLA 9th edition is fairly flexible in terms of heading formatting. There is no specified formatting, so you can decide what works best for you. However, there are still a few basic rules you need to follow:
Abbreviations When using abbreviations, you’ll need to make sure that you’re using the MLA version of the abbreviation . Below we’ve listed a few common ones you should be aware of:
If you’re interested, you can find a more comprehensive list here . Alternatively, if you have access to the MLA 9th edition handbook, you can find the full list in the first appendix. In-text citations MLA 9 has a very specific set of requirements regarding how to cite your sources within the body of your paper. Here are some of the most important things to help you get started with MLA citations. Author-page number system: in-text citations consist of (at a minimum) the lead author’s last name, followed by the page number of the paragraph you are citing. There is no comma between the two components (only a space). Types of citations: MLA allows two types of in-text citations: parenthetical and narrative . Parenthetical citations feature the author and page number in parentheses (brackets) at the end of the respective sentence. Here’s an example: MLA 9th edition is easy to grasp if you visit the Grad Coach blog (Jansen 13). Narrative citations, on the other hand, weave the author’s name into the flow of the sentence and then present the publication date in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Here’s an example: Jansen states that MLA 9th edition is easy for students to grasp if they visit the Grad Coach blog (13). In general, it’s a good idea to utilise a mix of both in your writing. Narrative citations are particularly useful when you want to highlight or contrast authors or their viewpoints, while parenthetical citations are useful when you want to strengthen your own academic voice. In other words, both formats have their respective strengths and weaknesses, so try to use citation format strategically in your writing. Quotations: when quoting text verbatim from a source, there is no need to do anything differently in terms of the citation itself, but do remember to wrap the verbatim text in quotation marks. Here’s an example: Jansen proposes that MLA 9th edition is “easy to grasp if you visit the Grad Coach blog” (13). Multiple authors: when citing resources that were authored by three or more people, you only need to list the lead author, followed by “et al.”. Here’s an example: MLA 9th edition is easy to grasp if you visit the Grad Coach blog (Jansen et al. 13). Below are a few more examples from our free MLA template . Please keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive list of all the MLA 9th edition citation-related requirements – just a shortlist of the most commonly relevant ones. If you’d like to learn more, consult the MLA handbook . The Works Cited (Reference List)The final section that you’ll need to pay close attention to is the “Works Cited” page, which should contain a list of reference information for all the sources cited in the body of the paper. Again, MLA has a quite a meaty set of specifications regarding the content and formatting of this list, but we’ll cover the basics here to get your started on the right foot. Basic setup Your reference list needs to start on a new page and should be titled “Works Cited”. The title should be unformatted and centred . The reference list should then start on the next line. As with the rest of your document, you should use double line spacing throughout. When it comes to the reference list itself, you’ll need to keep the following in mind:
We have to stress that these are just the basics. MLA 9th edition requires that your references be structured and formatted in a very specific way , depending on the type of resource. If you plan to draft your reference list manually, it’s important to consult your university’s style guide or the MLA manual itself. This leads us to our next point… In general, it’s a bad idea to write your reference list manually . Given the incredibly high level of intricacy involved, it’s highly likely that you’ll make mistakes if you try to craft this section yourself. A better solution is to use (free) reference management software such as Mendeley or Zotero . Either of these will take care of the formatting and content for you, and they’ll do a much more accurate job of it too. If you’re not familiar with any sort of reference management software, be sure to check out our easy-to-follow Mendeley explainer video below. Wrapping UpIn this post, we’ve provided a primer covering how to format your paper according to MLA 9th edition. To recap, we’ve looked at the following:
Remember to always check your university’s style guide to familiarise yourself with any additional requirements they may. Also, if your university has specified anything that contrasts what we’ve discussed here, please do follow their guidance . If you need any help formatting your paper for MLA 9, take a look at our “done for you” language editing and proofreading service . Simply send us your document and we’ll take care of all the MLA formatting intracies on your behalf. You Might Also Like:Very well recounted! Submit a Comment Cancel replyYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
MLA Style Guide, 8th & 9th Editions: Formatting Your MLA Paper
MLA recommends using 12-point Times New Roman font or another readable typeface (e.g. serif ). Line Spacing & MarginsUse double-spacing throughout the entire paper. Leave 1 inch margins on the top, bottom, and each side. Indent the first line of each paragraph half an inch from the left margin. Quotes longer than 4 lines should be written as a block of text a half an inch from the left margin. Heading and TitleAn MLA research paper does not need a title page, but your instructor may require one. If no instructions are given, follow the MLA guidelines below: Type the following one inch from the top of the first page, flush with the left margin (double spacing throughout). Your Instructor's Name Course Number or Name Center the title on the next line. Follow the rules for capitalization. Do not italicize, underline, or bold the title. An exception is when your title includes a title. Example: The Attitude toward Violence in A Clockwork Orange Indent the next line and begin typing your text. Include your last name and page numbers in the upper right-hand corner of every page. The page numbers will be one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. If your instructor prefers no page number on the first page, begin numbering from 2 on the second page. Sample Papers from MLAThere are sample papers available in the MLA Style Center. Check them out to see the correct formatting. Styling Headings and SubheadingsAccording to the MLA Style Center website, writers should avoid using headings in shorter papers. If you are writing a longer research paper, you may want to include headings and subheadings to help organize the sections of your paper. Advice from the MLA Style Center : "Levels The paper or chapter title is the first level of heading, and it must be the most prominent. Headings should be styled in descending order of prominence. After the first level, the other headings are subheadings—that is, they are subordinate. Font styling and size are used to signal prominence. In general, a boldface, larger font indicates prominence; a smaller font, italics, and lack of bold can be used to signal subordination. For readability, don’t go overboard: avoid using all capital letters for headings (in some cases, small capitals may be acceptable): Heading Level 1 Heading Level 2 Heading Level 3 Note that word-processing software often has built-in heading styles. Consistency Consistency in the styling of headings and subheadings is key to signaling to readers the structure of a research project. That is, each level 1 heading should appear in the same style and size, as should each level 2 heading, and so on. Generally, avoid numbers and letters to designate heads unless you are working in a discipline where doing so is conventional. Note that a heading labeled “1” requires a subsequent heading labeled “2,” and a heading labeled “a” requires a subsequent heading labeled “b.” In a project that is not professionally designed and published, headings should be flush with the left margin, to avoid confusion with block quotations. (The exception is the paper or chapter title, which is centered in MLA style.) For readability, it is helpful to include a line space above and below a heading, as shown in this post. No internal heading level should have only one instance. For example, if you have one level 1 heading, you need to have a second level 1 heading. (The exceptions are the paper or chapter title and the headings for notes and the list of works cited.) You should also generally have text under each heading. Capitalization Capitalize headings like the titles of works, as explained in section 1.2 of the MLA Handbook. The shorter, the better." Modern Language Association. "How Do I Style Headings and Subheadings in a Research Paper?" MLA Style Center., 13 December 2018, style.mla.org/styling-headings-and-subheadings . MLA Style Paper Template
You can save a personal template in Microsoft Word (IRSC students, download Office for free, see a librarian if you need help). Above is a template you can use every time you need to set-up a research paper using MLA style format. Simply open the template and type your own information every time you need to write an MLA style paper. Microsoft Word will allow you to save personal templates. Once you have the template opened in Word Click "Save as" Give the file a name Under "Save as type", select Word Template Then when you open Word, you will be able to choose a template rather than a blank document. You might have to select Personal to find your template. Sample MLA PaperHow to Use the MLA Style TemplateFormatting Group Project PapersFor a research paper written collaboratively by several students, such as for a group project, create a title page instead of listing all authors in the header on page 1 of the essay. On the title page, list each student's full name, placing one name on each double-spaced line. After the final student name, enter the professor's name. After the professor's name, give the course name. The last line of the heading will be the date in 5 August 2021 format. Press Enter a few times to move down the page then give the paper title, centered.
Sample Essays: Writing with MLA StyleCongratulations to the students whose essays were selected for the 2024 edition of Writing with MLA Style! Essays were selected as examples of excellent student writing that use MLA style for citing sources. Essays have been lightly edited. If your institution subscribes to MLA Handbook Plus , you can access annotated versions of the essays selected in 2022 and 2023. Writing with MLA Style: 2024 EditionThe following essays were selected for the 2024 edition of Writing with MLA Style. The selection committee for high school submissions was composed of Lisa Karakaya, Hunter College High School; and Heather Smith, Dedham Public Schools. The selection committee for postsecondary submissions was composed of Rachel Ihara, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York; Tarshia L. Stanley, Wagner College; and Joyce MacDonald, University of Kentucky. High School EssaysMiguel Kumar (Ransom Everglades School) “McCarthyism at the Movies: The Effects of Hollywood McCarthyism on the American Public” Catherine Mao (Hunter College High School) “ Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder, and the Beholder Is a White Man: The 1875 Page Act, Eugenics, and Beauty Standards for Chinese Women versus American Women ” Undergraduate EssaysRachelle Dumayas (California State University, Sacramento) “Should Deaf Children Get Cochlear Implants?” Holly Nelson (Johns Hopkins University) “Creating Space? Representations of Black Characters in Regency Romance” Chloe Wiitala (University of Minnesota, Duluth) “ Reanimating Queer Perspectives through Camp: A Study of Frankenstein and Its Parodic Film Adaptations ” Writing with MLA Style: 2023 EditionThe following essays were selected for the 2023 edition of Writing with MLA Style. The 2023 selection committee was composed of Ellen C. Carillo, University of Connecticut (chair); Rachel Ihara, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York; and Tarshia L. Stanley, Wagner College. Caroline Anderson (Pepperdine University) “ L’Appel du Vide : Making Spaces for Sinful Exploration in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ” Hunter Daniels (University of South Carolina, Aiken) “Biblical Legalism and Cultural Misogyny in The Tragedy of Mariam ” Aspen English (Southern Utah University) “Putting the ‘Comm’ in Comics: A Communication-Theory-Informed Reading of Graphic Narratives” Raul Martin (Lamar University) “The Book-Object Binary: Access and Sustainability in the Academic Library” Grace Quasebarth (Salve Regina University) “Finding a Voice: The Loss of Machismo Criticisms through Translation in Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits ” Writing with MLA Style: 2022 EditionThe following essays were selected for the 2022 edition of Writing with MLA Style. The 2022 selection committee was composed of Ellen C. Carillo, University of Connecticut; Jessica Edwards, University of Delaware (chair); and Deborah H. Holdstein, Columbia College Chicago. Kaile Chu (New York University, Shanghai) “Miles Apart: An Investigation into Dedicated Online Communities’ Impact on Cultural Bias” Sietse Hagen (University of Groningen) “The Significance of Fiction in the Debate on Dehumanizing Media Portrayals of Refugees” Klara Ismail (University of Exeter) “Queering the Duchess: Exploring the Body of the Female Homosexual in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi ” Yasmin Mendoza (Whittier College) “Banning without Bans” Niki Nassiri (Stony Brook University) “Modern-Day US Institutions and Slavery in the Twenty-First Century” Samantha Wilber (Palm Beach Atlantic University) “‘Pero, tu no eres facil’: The Poet X as Multicultural Bildungsroman” Writing with MLA Style: 2019 EditionThe following essays were selected for the 2019 edition of Writing with MLA Style. The 2019 selection committee was composed of Jessica Edwards, University of Delaware; Deborah H. Holdstein, Columbia College Chicago (chair); and Liana Silva, César E. Chavez High School, Houston, Texas. Catherine Charlton (University of King’s College, Nova Scotia) “‘Coal Is in My Blood’: Public and Private Representations of Community Identity in Springhill, Nova Scotia” Alyiah Gonzales (California Polytechnic State University) “Disrupting White Normativity in Langston Hughes’s ‘I, Too’ and Toni Morrison’s ‘Recitatif’” Meg Matthias (Miami University, Ohio) “Prescriptions of (Living) Historical Happiness: Gendered Performance and Racial Comfort in Reenactment” Jennifer Nguyen (Chaminade University of Honolulu) “The Vietnam War, the American War: Literature, Film, and Popular Memory” Emily Schlepp (Northwest University) “A Force of Love: A Deconstructionist Reading of Characters in Dickens’s Great Expectations ” Search Modern Language Association Log in to Modern Language Association
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Request Your Free Member Copy Buy the MLA Handbook The MLA Style CenterWhat is mla style. Building confidence in the information and ideas we share with one another is perhaps more important today than ever before, and for nearly a century it has been the driving principle behind MLA style, a set of standards for writing and documentation used by writers to find and evaluate information, alert their audience to the trustworthiness of their findings through citation, and shape the expression of their ideas in conversation with others. Resources for MLA StyleOur new, subscription-based digital platform, MLA Handbook Plus is
Contact [email protected] for more info. MLA Handbook , 9th EditionThe ninth edition of the MLA Handbook , published in spring 2021, builds on the MLA's unique approach to documenting sources using a template of core elements—facts common to most sources, like author, title, and publication date—that allows writers to cite any type of work, from books, e-books, and journal articles in databases to song lyrics, online images, social media posts, dissertations, and more. With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. The new edition offers
The MLA Style Center offers free online resources on MLA style, including an interactive MLA format template, answers to common questions on Ask the MLA, advice from the MLA editors, and more. Get updates by signing up for The Source newsletter, and follow us on Twitter @MLAstyle . MLA Format: A Complete Guide with Examples#scribendiinc Written by Scribendi Your instructor has asked you to format your term paper using Modern Language Association (MLA) style. You feel confident enough to produce the paper, but you have never heard of MLA style. Don't panic—we've got you covered. This article will explain MLA style citation, give examples of MLA formatting for specific aspects of references, provide an MLA format example for each category of source material, and share essay formatting tips that our editors have learned over the years. You'll even find a free, downloadable MLA Works Cited example page for easy reference. So, if you have a general understanding of what MLA style is and are just looking for examples of MLA citations, we can help with that too! Free MLA Cheat Sheet What Is MLA Style?MLA style is an accepted way to document source material for many types of humanities documents. Some would say it is simpler than other style guides, such as the APA Style Guide or the Chicago Manual of Style . An MLA citation has two basic requirements: Brief parenthetical citations in the text An alphabetical list of the works cited that corresponds to the in-text citations and appears at the end of the paper In simple terms, you refer to your source material in parentheses throughout the main text—then, at the end of your paper, you list all the sources to which you have referred, in alphabetical order. Of course, there is so much more to MLA style and MLA formatting than just that. Indeed, the current version of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (7th Edition) runs to 292 pages! But here are the essential style and formatting points. MLA Format Citation ExampleTo start, let's look at a basic example of how to format a citation in MLA. Last Name, First Name. "Title of Webpage/Chapter/Article." Website/Book Title/Journal Title , edition used, vol. X, no. Y, Publisher, Day Month Year of Publication, URL/location/page number. This is MLA format at its simplest. Why Use MLA Format (or Any Other)?The main reason for carefully citing source material is to avoid allegations of plagiarism, which—derived from the Latin word for "kidnapping"—refers to stealing someone else's work. The MLA Handbook explains plagiarism in detail. You should feel free to use another person's words, facts, and thoughts in your research paper, but the material you borrow must not be presented as if it were your own creation. When you write your research paper, remember that you must document everything that you borrow—not only direct quotations and paraphrases but also information and ideas. Our MLA citation guide will walk you through how to properly cite your sources using MLA style. Who Uses MLA Citation Format?MLA-style citation is commonly used by writers and students who create content in the humanities. You'll often see it used for the following subject areas: Language and literature Comparative literature Literary criticism Cultural studies Foreign languages Using MLA's citation guide in these fields of study gives readers an easier option for navigating through your paper. In addition to making you look credible by neatly organizing your sources, MLA citation lends consistency to your work. It provides readers with the opportunity to easily find sources in your paper that interest them. How to Use MLA FormatThe early stages of producing a paper involve copious amounts of reading, research, and note-taking. At this point, it's easy to get confused about who said what. The best way to avoid getting confused right from the start is to keep your ideas, your summary of others' ideas, and direct transcriptions of text clearly marked and separate. Throughout our guide, we'll provide examples of MLA citation to give you a hand. Make notes on the following elements for ease of reference and proper MLA citation later on: Author's name Full title of each publication (from the title page, not the front cover) City of publication (cite only the first city if there is more than one) Date of publication Volume and issue numbers, if available (for journals) Page numbers you have referenced Medium of publication or reception (print, web, radio, television, etc.) Laying the groundwork during your research will make the citation process much easier later on. MLA Citation FormatBecause we know there are many ways to cite a reference in MLA, depending on what source you're using, we've compiled an extensive list of MLA citation examples below. You'll find MLA citation examples for articles, books, images, interviews, journals, movies, and more to ensure you are citing your sources correctly. We've done our best to be as thorough as possible. Review how to use in-text citations in MLA below or skip to the ones you need most! How to Cite Two to Three AuthorsIf you're citing a book in MLA format with two or three authors, use the examples below to format your citation: Bringham, Darrin E., and Sally Knope. Resting Heartbeat Science . 12th ed., Wiley, 2001. Christopherson, Charles, Ronald Swanson, and Roger Koltz. Fog Pirates: On Board the USS Hammerhead . Putters, 2001. Only the first author is listed by their last name followed by their first name. Any subsequent authors are written normally (first name then last name). How to Cite More than Three AuthorsWhen there are more than three authors to reference in MLA, format your citation using et al., as shown below: Niderbacher, Leslie A., et al. Penne and the Jets: A Love Story . Partridge, 2003. Note that only the first author is fully named, followed by et al. Related: Learn more about How to Use Et Al. here. How to Cite No AuthorAn MLA in-text citation with no author begins with the title . If your in-text citation has no author in MLA, you can also use the title in addition to the page number. ( Encyclopedia of Football 54) How to Cite a Journal ArticleCorrect MLA article citation starts with finding good, credible articles. Try looking for peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles in free research databases such as CORE and ScienceOpen. When searching for the best journals for your topic, try to steer clear of regular search engines like Google or Yahoo. Academic databases like JSTOR and Google Scholar are the best sources for scholarly, peer-reviewed articles . MLA journal citation elements include the title of the work, author(s), and publication date. While this information is usually found on the first page of an article, its placement can vary. It may be at the top or bottom of the first page or, in the case of database articles, on the results page or the description page. Related: Check out our list of 17 Research Databases for Free Articles . MLA Citation for an ArticleMLA Article Citation ExamplesLau, Frank. "Vitamin D Insufficiency is Prevalent in Severe COVID-19." Journal of Health , vol. 2, no. 5, Aug. 2020, pp. 34–27. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20075838. Kuehn, Bridget. "Hospitals Turn to Housing to Help Homeless Patients." JAMA , Feb. 2019, pp. 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21476. MLA Website Article Citation ExamplesTomky, Naomi. "Explore the Oregon Coast—but don't touch the 'dragon toes.'" National Geographic , 23 Mar. 2022, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/explore-oregon-coast-but-dont-touch-dragon-toe-barnacles. Gateley, Cheyne. "Netflix's Password Crackdown Will Be Tougher Than It Seems." Variety , 21 Mar. 2022, https://variety.com/vip/netflixs-password-crackdown-will-be-tougher-than-it-seems-1235208619/. Book Citation in MLAIf you're citing passages from a book using MLA, look at the title page of the book to find the information you need to cite the source. The title page can usually be found a couple of pages into the book. This is where you'll find the author(s), date, edition, title, editors (if any), place of publication, and publisher. MLA Book Citation ExamplesSchucman, Helen. A Course in Miracles. Edited by Robert Perry, The Circle of Atonement, Inc., 2017. MLA Textbook Citation ExamplesHow to Cite an ImageImage citation in MLA requires you to first define what type of image you're sourcing. Is it an image you saw in person or an image from a website? Asking yourself this question first will help you decide which format to use to cite your image. Let's look at a few examples below. MLA Image Citation ExamplesHow to Cite an Image from a Website To cite an image from a website in MLA, start with the image creator's last and first name, then add the image title, the website name , day, month, and year published, and the URL. In the example below, there is no image title, so we're using a description of the image: Yam, Marcus. Photograph of a man hurrying away from a building hit by Russian bombs. Los Angeles Times , 25 Mar. 2022, www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-03-25/ukraine-russia-war-biden-heads-to-poland . Here is an example with an image title: Clancy, Pat. "Foggy Sunrise." Flickr , 10 Mar. 2022, https://www.flickr.com/photos/128721907@N02/51958337614/in/explore-2022-03-24/. MLA Citation: InterviewWhen citing an interview in MLA, the information you need can vary depending on the type of interview. For example, if you're citing an interview printed in a magazine, you can find relevant citation information in the title or subtitle of the interview page. For online interviews, the relevant information can be found on the site where the interview was published. Typically, in the title or near the name of the person who published the interview, you'll find the names of the interviewer and interviewee, as well as the date the interview was published. Here are a few elements you'll need if you're citing an interview in MLA: Interviewee's first and last name Interviewer's first and last name Interview title Periodical or journal title (if any) Type of interview Date the interview was conducted/published URL of the interview (if online) Page numbers of the interview (if in print) In MLA, if you can't find the author of an interview you're trying to source, this information can be skipped. Instead, you can start your citation with the title of the interview in quotation marks. You can also skip the date of the interview if it is missing, but you should still include the access date if the interview is online. If, for any reason, you also can't access the title of the interview, MLA allows you to replace the title with a short description. Let's look at a couple of examples below. MLA Interview Citation ExamplesHow to Cite a LectureWhen citing a lecture in MLA, start with the speaker's last and first names, followed by the lecture title in quotes, then the course or event name, the day, month, and year, the institution, the location, and the word "Lecture." Below is an example of how to cite a lecture in MLA. MLA Lecture Citation ExampleHow to Cite a Movie in MLAIf you need to cite a movie in MLA style, you'll need the title of the film, the director, any relevant contributors, the company that produced/distributed the film, and the release year. Be sure to add the words "Directed by" before the director's name, as you'll see in the examples below. MLA Movie Citation ExamplesHow to Cite a PoemTo cite a poem in MLA, begin with listing the author's last name and first, then the poem's title in quotes, followed by the title of the book the poem was found in, and the publisher, year, and page number(s). MLA Poem Citation ExamplesQuotes in MLA FormatWhen you're using a quote, you're taking the exact words from an original source, so you need to make sure you're citing that source correctly. In MLA format, quotes should be cited in the main text and on the Works Cited page. Your in-text citation will need the author's last name and the page number where you found the quote , while the Works Cited page will include the full citation. We've included examples of both MLA quote citation formats below. MLA Short Quote Citation ExamplesIn-text citation example: It appears that creating "businesses that diminish the quality of life and well-being of our citizens" (Williamson 109) will only make things worse. Works Cited example: Williamson, Marianne. A Politics of Love . Harper One, 2019. MLA Format for Long QuotesIf you have to cite quotes longer than four lines in your paper, you'll want to use a block quote. The MLA format is the same on the Works Cited page for long and short quotes, but block quotes look different in the main text. Block quotes are placed in a separate paragraph, indented 1 inch from the left margin. When using a block quote in text, include the last name of the author and page number(s) in parentheses after the closing punctuation at the end of the quote. Note that block quotes are not enclosed in quotation marks. How to Cite a Song in MLAWhen citing a song in MLA, pay close attention to the medium you used to access it. If you heard the song on a CD or on a streaming service like Spotify, you'll want to include this in your reference. For in-text citations of songs, you'll include your citation at the end of your paraphrased portion with the last name of the performer and the specific time stamp of the song. Other elements needed for the citation on the Works Cited page include the album name, label, and release date. MLA Song Citation ExamplesHow to Cite a VideoAn MLA citation for a YouTube video requires a few pieces of information, including the video creator's name, the title of the video, the website hosting the video, the name of the channel or uploader, the day, month , and year the video was published, and its URL. Regardless of the platform from which you cite a video, MLA requires the same standard information, including the creator of the video, the title, where it was found, who uploaded it, the day, month, and year it was uploaded, and the URL. How to Cite a Website in MLA The MLA format for websites requires a few core elements, including the author, title of the source and container, relevant contributors, version, publisher, publication date in day-month-year format, and DOI or URL . Some of this information can be omitted if it isn't available. See the examples below. MLA Format for WebsitesMore about MLA Style and FormatMla heading format. When you're writing a paper in MLA format, headings go on the first page . Your heading should include the following information: Instructor's name Course name or number Submission date Your MLA heading goes in the upper left corner of your paper, double-spaced. Try not to confuse an MLA heading with an MLA header, which is in the upper right corner of every page of your paper and includes your last name and the page number. MLA Format Heading ExamplesHere are two example headings in MLA format for reference. Keep in mind that these should be double-spaced in your paper. Cody Anderson Professor Lockhart Astronomy 103 23 March 2022 Raquel Smith Professor Snape Humanities 605 25 February 2021 MLA In-Text CitationIn the next few sections, we'll look at MLA formatting for sources cited within the main text of your paper, also called in-text citations. In-text citations give your reader a clue about where to find the source you referenced in the Works Cited section at the end of your paper. MLA format for books requires that you briefly acknowledge your sources in the main body of the text by using the author's name and the page number in parentheses. Note the following example: (Clinton 440). The reader knows to consult page 440 of Clinton's book. Larger WorksIf you refer to the title of a large published work in your paper, such as a novel or movie, it should appear as follows: John Clinton's A Study of Life. Please note the use of capital letters and italics. Smaller WorksTitles of smaller works, such as poems, short stories, chapters, and articles, should be written in the text as follows: Raymond Carver's "Cathedral." Please note that smaller works are put in quotation marks and are not italicized. MLA Works CitedTo obtain further information, the reader can refer to the alphabetical references section, called the Works Cited page, at the end of the paper. There, the reader can find the full details of each cited publication. Note the following MLA Works Cited example: Clinton, John. A Study of Life . London: Hodder, 1998. Print. Our John Clinton example is MLA style referencing in its simplest form: one author and one book. MLA citation for multiple authors of a single book and MLA citation for multiple books by a single author tend to complicate matters. However, if you have the basics right and have made good notes for all your source material, these problems are manageable. Multiple Books by One AuthorWhen citing two or more books by one author in your Works Cited section, MLA requires the author's name in the first entry only. In the next entry, replace the author's name with an em dash (—), a period, and the second book title. The em dash takes the place of the author's name. In terms of the order of the books by one author on your Works Cited page, alphabetize the list by title. Brunson, Russell. DotCom Secrets . Morgan James Publishing, 2015. —. Traffic Secrets . Hay House, Inc., 2020. MLA Format with Multiple AuthorsWhen citing three or more authors in MLA, you'll want to use "et al.," which means "and others." Levine, Robert S., et al. The Norton Anthology of American Literature . 9th ed., W.W. Norton & Company, 2022. Missing ItemsIf you're trying to cite a source in MLA with missing information, you have a few options available to you depending on what information is missing. If you're missing the author of a source, use the title of the work in its place for both in-text citations and citations in the Works Cited in MLA format. If your title is also missing, use the source instead. If your source has no page numbers, you can omit these in your citations and use paragraph or line numbers if they are available. If the date of the publication is missing, you don't have to include it. But if it's a resource you accessed online, include the access date at the end of the citation—for example, "Accessed 14 Sep. 2021." You can also omit the publisher if this information is missing. MLA Format Works Cited Page TipsWhen formatting your Works Cited page in MLA format, be sure to pay close attention to all the guidelines. MLA requires all lines to be double-spaced with a hanging indent. A hanging indent is when the first line of your reference starts at the beginning of the line while the next lines are indented by an inch and a half from the left. Free DownloadTo keep all of these MLA examples in one sheet for easy reference, we've compiled a free download. This way, you can review MLA citation examples anytime you need them, either for your Works Cited page or in-text citations, for multiple types of work. Once downloaded, you'll have all of the MLA citation examples you need in your back pocket. This guide will give you examples of MLA citations for the following types of sources: Books (with one author, multiple authors, or no author) Download our free MLA downloadable here. Download NowWriting a paper in mla format. When writing a paper in MLA format, you'll need to cover your bases when it comes to citing your sources. Not only do your sources need to be correct to account for wherever you're pulling information from, but they also need to follow MLA paper formatting basics . So far, we've covered how to cite sources in your Works Cited list and in-text citations. Now, let's talk about how to use footnotes in an MLA paper with a couple of examples. As a general rule, footnotes should be used sparingly in MLA. However, when they are used, there are two types: bibliographical footnotes and content footnotes. Bibliographical footnotes allow you to add more relevant sources. Content footnotes allow you to add commentary or explanations about your topic. We'll look at examples of both of these below. MLA Footnote ExamplesBibliographical footnote: 1 See Clinton, John. A Study of Life . Hodder, 1998. Additional references are for this edition and appear within the text. Content footnote: 1 In a lecture from 2013, Peters mentions his love of science and how science will shape our future. MLA Title Page FormatThe MLA format cover page is not an entirely separate page. It begins with a 1-inch margin, flush left with your name, your instructor's name, the course name or number, and the date typed on separate, double-spaced lines. The title of your research paper should then be centered on the MLA format title page. There is no need for it to be presented in bold, italics, or capital letters. MLA Parenthetical CitationWhen citing a source in your text in MLA, use a parenthetical citation. Parenthetical citations in MLA should include the author's last name and the page number where you found the information. For example: (Lars 86). MLA Page Number FormatIn MLA format, page numbers appear in the top right-hand corner with a 0.5-inch margin from the top and a flush right margin. It is good practice to include your last name before the page number in case pages go astray. Do not use the abbreviation p. before the page number or add any other mark or symbol. You may not need to include a page number on the front page—check with your instructor. Sometimes, it is appropriate to draw attention to particular words in your paper, but using italics for emphasis ("He really ate a lot ") is inappropriate in research writing and inconsistent with MLA style. Generally, in MLA format, italics should be reserved for titles of longer works (e.g., books, films), non-English words, and words and letters referred to as words and letters. MLA Format Essay TipsYour instructor may issue particular instructions if you are to use MLA citation in an essay—if so, follow them. Otherwise, the following MLA essay formatting tips will help you set out your research paper in MLA style. The MLA Style Guide recommends using a clear typeface (Arial or Times New Roman) in a readable size (at least 11 point). JustificationJustify the text to the left margin, leaving the right margin ragged. Leave 1-inch margins on the top, bottom, left, and right of the page. Indent the first word in each paragraph by 0.5 inches. Indent set-off block quotations by 1 inch. Use double-spacing throughout. In accordance with the MLA guide, use single spaces after periods, commas , exclamation marks, etc. Good grammar, punctuation , and spelling are essential parts of your research paper—not just when using MLA style citation. There is no room for typos at this level. Our advice is to check and check again, and don't just rely on your word processor's spell-checker. Get a second pair of eyes to look over your paper. T ry our essay editors to ensure that the MLA formatting is consistent throughout your paper and there are no grammatical errors. Related: Avoid These Common Mistakes in Academic and Scientific Writing The importance of citing your references in your essay cannot be understated. Any time you include a piece of information in your essay that you didn't write yourself, MLA requires two forms of citation: one in the main text and one at the end of your paper in the Works Cited section. MLA Format Essay ExampleTo see how all these formatting elements come together to make an MLA paper, see the example below. https://p113.p2.n0.cdn.getcloudapp.com/items/v1ugxp7E/9e3b21d9-758c-4e27-b6cb-caa1059c0547.jpeg?v=559e925043cbfee9fe816e0568ab3d3b Electronic Sources and MLA FormattingIn this computerized age, electronic publications are widely used as source materials for essays. However, electronic texts are prone to frequent and rapid change—one minute you see them online, and the next they are gone. Therefore, it is important to provide more information when references to electronic works are made. When accessing electronic information, note the following elements: Name of the author, editor, etc. Title of the work Title of the website (if distinct from the title of the work) Version/edition used, if applicable Publisher or sponsor of the site (if not available, use n.p.) Date of publication (day, month, and year, if available; if no date is available, use n.d.) Medium of publication (web) Date of access (day, month, and year) Note the following example of MLA citation: Smith, George. "Trees of the Southern Hemisphere." The International Leaf. Barker University, 2008. Web. 6 Feb. 2009. Please note that the MLA formatting and style guide no longer recommends including the URL of a document. Nevertheless, the URL can be included if it is required by your instructor or if your readers will have difficulty locating the source without it. MLA Format LetterBelow, you'll find examples of how to apply the MLA letter format. Much of the formatting will be similar to that of MLA-style papers, including using double-spaced lines in your text. MLA Letter Heading FormatStart your MLA-formatted letter with your two-line mailing address in the upper left-hand corner, an inch from the top of the page. Skip to the next line and add the date in day-month-year format. On the next line, include the addressee's information, starting with the recipient's title, such as Mr., Ms., or Dr. You can also include their address and contact information. On yet another line, include your salutation—for example, "Dear Ms. Smith"—followed by a colon. If you don't have a name for the person you're writing to, use the person's title—for example, "Dear Director of Operations." When writing a letter in MLA format, be sure to use double-spacing throughout as you would in an MLA paper. Chicago vs. MLA vs. APA CitationThe formatting of citations varies among style guides like Chicago, MLA, and APA. While each style guide has its own way of formatting sources and cover pages, one of the biggest differences is in how they format in-text citations. Let's look at how they differ. MLA stands for the Modern Language Association and is a style used for papers in the humanities. In-text citations in MLA use the author's last name and page number in parentheses: (Smith 15). APA stands for the American Psychological Association and is a style used for scientific papers. In-text citations in APA style include a bit more information than those in MLA style. For example, APA uses the author's last name, year of publication, and page number: (Smith, 2021, p. 15). Chicago style is used mainly for manuscripts by writers, designers, and publishers. In-text citations in this style include the last name of the source, the publication year, and the page number in parentheses, with slightly different formatting than APA: (Smith 2021, 15). Frequently Asked QuestionsHow do i cite a website in mla. To cite a website in MLA, start with the author's last name and first name separated by a comma and punctuated with a period. Next, include the title of the article or page in headline case and in quotes with a period, followed by the title of the website in italics. After that, add a comma, the name of the publisher, the publication date in day-month-year format, and the URL. Shields, Ronan. "'The Threat is Hollow': True Transparency is Some Way Off for Scaled Advertisers." Digiday , Digiday Media, 25 Mar. 2022, https://digiday.com/marketing/the-threat-is-hollow-true-transparency-is-some-way-off-for-scaled-advertisers/. Basu, Tyler. "How to Build a Personal Brand (Complete Guide)." Thinkific , Thinkific, 7 Sep. 2021, https://www.thinkific.com/blog/personal-branding-guide/. For an MLA website in-text citation, simply put the last name of the author in parentheses: (Shields). How Do I Cite a Journal Article in MLA?The MLA citation for a journal article begins with the author's last name and first name separated by a comma. Next, include the title of the article in quotes, punctuated by a period, then the journal title in title case and italics, and then a comma before the volume or issue number. This is followed by the date of publication, the page range, and the DOI or URL (without https://). Finally, add the access date if no publication date is listed. How Do I Write In-Text Citations in MLA?In-text citations allow readers to identify which of the items on your Works Cited page you're referencing. MLA requires the source's last name to be set in parentheses, followed by the page number where you found the information. Below are a few examples of how to use in-text citations in MLA format. (Smith and Jones 53) (Smith et al. 33) (Smith 56–58) (Smith 56–58, 73) How Do I Cite a YouTube Video in MLA?For MLA YouTube citation, start with the video creator's last name and first name, separated by a comma and punctuated by a period. Next, include the title of the video in quotes, also punctuated by a period (inside the quotation marks). Add the website hosting the video in italics (in this case, YouTube), the name of the channel or uploader, and the day, month, and year the video was published. Include the URL at the end of the MLA video citation. Forleo, Marie. "Can You Age in Reverse? Tony Robbins Says Yes." YouTube , uploaded by Marie Forleo, 14 Feb. 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAb5z7NbMYk. Snipes, Doc. "15 Tips to Stop Ruminating and Get Out of Your Head." YouTube , uploaded by Doc Snipes, 23 Mar. 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMZpMtM7TkI. How Do I Use MLA Format for Headings?Put your MLA heading in the upper left-hand corner of the first page of your paper , double-spaced. It should have your name, your instructor's name, the course name or number, and the date. Here are two examples of how to format your headings in MLA: How Do I Cite a Movie in MLA Format?To cite a movie in MLA style, start with the title of the film in italics, then the name of the director, followed by any relevant contributors. Next, include the company that produced or distributed the film and the release year. Jaws . Directed by Steven Spielberg, performances by Roy Scheider and Robert Shaw, Universal Pictures, 1975. To cite a movie from a streaming service such as Netflix, use the following format: Jaws . Directed by Steven Spielberg, performances by Roy Scheider and Robert Shaw, Universal Pictures, 1975. Netflix app. How Do I Format My Paper Using MLA?To recap the most important MLA formatting guidelines, be sure to use 1-inch margins all around your paper, set the font to 12-point Times New Roman (or another easy-to-read font), and double-space the lines in your text. Make sure each word at the start of your paragraphs is indented half an inch from the left margin, and do the same for any block quotations. You must cite all your sources in MLA, both in the text and on the Works Cited page found at the end of your paper. Use the examples and guidelines above to make sure you're formatting your paper and citations according to MLA guidelines. How Do I Cite a Person in MLA?If you're citing an interview, use the last and first name of the person interviewed at the start of your MLA Works Cited citation. Then, add the interview title, periodical title, type of interview, date, and URL of the interview (if online). If the person you're referencing was interviewed in print, include the page numbers. For an in-text citation of an interview, use the last name of the person being interviewed—for example: (Smith). Download our free MLA format PDF for more examples of how to cite a person in MLA for an interview, either one you've conducted yourself or one you found elsewhere. About the AuthorScribendi's in-house editors work with writers from all over the globe to perfect their writing. They know that no piece of writing is complete without a professional edit, and they love to see a good piece of writing transformed into a great one. Scribendi's in-house editors are unrivaled in both experience and education, having collectively edited millions of words and obtained nearly 20 degrees. They love consuming caffeinated beverages, reading books of various genres, and relaxing in quiet, dimly lit spaces. Have You Read? "The Complete Beginner's Guide to Academic Writing" Related PostsExamples of MLA CitationsMLA Citations: A How-To GuideMLA Formatting and MLA Style: An IntroductionUpload your file(s) so we can calculate your word count, or enter your word count manually. 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How to Create a Header
An example of an MLA formatted header is included below. How to Create a Works Cited PageYou can create your Works Cited page before, during, or after you write your essay. If you do not create it before, be sure to document the sources you used, including any website links, so you can go back and create your citations later. Citation format will be discussed in a later section, but this section will detail how to create a Works Cited Page.
Other essay formatting notesWhen formatting your essay, there are a few things to keep in mind:
MLA sample paper with formatting tipsPublished October 31, 2020. Updated February 15, 2023. Formatting notes for the entire paperWhile certain parts of your MLA style paper will require specific formatting, the points below apply to every page. Note that your teacher may have their own preferences, which you should follow.
For help writing your essay, research paper , or other project, check out these writing tips . First page formattingOn the first page, your heading will give all the necessary information to identify your paper. Begin this header one inch from the top of the first page, aligned with the left margin. Then, in descending order, write the following on their own lines:
For more information, visit this page on MLA headings . Separate the title of your paper from your heading with one double-spaced line. Then, center-align your title so that it appears in the middle of the page. Type out your title in plain text, without bold, all-caps, or italics. The only exception is if your title includes the name of a work you would normally italicize (ex: The Hunger Games ). MLA style papers do not require a title page. However, some teachers will ask you to include one. Check out this article to learn how to make an MLA title page , when required. Body of the paper formattingAs you begin writing the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion of your MLA style paper, these are formatting tips to keep in mind.
Works Cited page formattingA Works Cited page appears at the end of your paper on its own page. The page’s title, “Works Cited,” will appear at the top of the page and centered, just like you did with your paper’s title. Your citations will appear in alphabetical order, based on the first letter included in each entry. Each of your sources will be cited differently, depending on many factors. Learn more on this page for MLA Works Cited . IndentationYou will not indent the first line of a citation. Instead, you will make a half-inch indention for the second line and every line afterward. This is called a “hanging indention.” Sample MLA paperBelow are sections from an MLA sample paper. Click here to see the full paper . MLA Style GuidesMLA Format: Annotated bibliography | Abstract | Block Quote | Headings | MLA 8 vs. 9 | Outline | Page Numbers | Sample paper | Title page Citing Sources: In-text citations | Works cited | Footnotes | Citing Multiple Authors | Citing Sources with No Authors | Using et al MLA Citation Generator: Article | Book | Image | Interview | Journal | Movie | PDF | Textbook | Website | YouTube Published July 14, 2021. A parenthetical citation is a type of in-text citation used in MLA style. It uses the author’s name in parenthesis. Depending upon the number of authors used in the source, the citation takes different formats. Below are some examples of how to cite parenthetical in-text citations for different numbers of authors in MLA. One author (Author Surname) (Van Laten) Two authors (Author1 Surname & Author2 Surname) (Mirando and Dennis) Three or more authors (Author1 Surname et al.) (Brisini et al.) Corporate author (Organization Name) (Australian Poets) No author (Shortened Title) ( Vibrant Tales ) For one author, use the author’s surname. For two authors, use “and” to separate the two authors. For more than two authors, use the surname of the first author followed by et al. For the corporate author, use the shortened version of the organization name. For a citation with no author, use the title in place of the author’s name. Shorten the title after the full title has been mentioned in prose. Citation in prose is a type of in-text citation used in MLA style. It uses the author’s name to cite a source. Depending upon the number of authors used in the source, the citation takes different formats. Below are some examples of how to add citations in prose for different numbers of authors in MLA. First occurrence: First Name and Surname Subsequent occurrences: Kate Hunter First Name Surname1 and First Name Surname2 Surname1 and Surname 2 Kenneth Burke and Judith Butler Burke and Butler First Author’s First Name and Surname “and others” or “and colleagues” Surname “and others” or “and colleagues” Kumaran Kirubakaran and others (or) Kumaran Kirubakaran and colleagues Kirubakaran and others (or) Kirubakaran and colleagues Organization Name Indian Academy of Poets Title of the Work or “Title of the Article” The Life and Literature of Thomas Hardy or “The Issues Facing the New Senate” Life and Literature or “Issues” When a source is mentioned in the text for the first time, use the full name of the author. In subsequent occurrences, use only the surname. For more than two authors, use the first author’s name followed by “and others” or “and colleagues.” For a citation with no author, use the title in place of the author’s name. Shorten the title after the first mention written as it appears in the Works Cited. All shortened titles should make the citation in the Works Cited easy to find by alphabetical listing. What’s included with a Chegg Writing subscription
College MLAAi generator. In the realm of college academia, adhering to the appropriate formatting guidelines is paramount, not only for presenting your ideas effectively but also for showcasing your professionalism. One such widely used formatting style is the College MLA Format. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on understanding MLA Format, step-by-step instructions on how to write in this format, answers to frequently asked questions, and examples to help you navigate through your academic writing endeavors seamlessly. What is College MLA Format?The College MLA Format refers to the Modern Language Association’s formatting style commonly used in academic writing, especially in the humanities and liberal arts disciplines. It sets guidelines for organizing and documenting various components of a paper, including in-text citations, works cited pages, headings, and more. Adhering to the MLA Format ensures consistency and facilitates clear communication of ideas within the scholarly community. College MLA FormatThe Modern Language Association (MLA) format is a style guide commonly used for writing and documenting research in the humanities, particularly in English studies. Here is a comprehensive guide on how to format your college paper in MLA style. General Formatting Rules
John Smith Professor Johnson English 101 1 June 2024 In-Text Citations
Works Cited Page
Johnson, Mark. “Global Warming Facts.” Climate Change Resources , 2023, www.climateresources.org/global-warming-facts. College MLA TemplateBelow is the template filled with sample details for a college paper formatted in MLA style: John Smith Professor Johnson English 101 1 June 2024 The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity Climate change has become a critical issue affecting various aspects of the environment. The impact of climate change on biodiversity is particularly significant. As temperatures rise, many species are forced to migrate to cooler areas or face extinction. In this paper, the effects of climate change on different species and ecosystems will be examined, highlighting the importance of immediate action to mitigate these effects. Effects on Animal Species One of the most noticeable impacts of climate change is the alteration of habitats. According to Smith, “Many species are losing their natural habitats due to changing temperatures and weather patterns” (23). For instance, polar bears are struggling to find ice platforms from which they can hunt seals. This habitat loss is leading to a decline in polar bear populations. In addition to habitat loss, some species are facing changes in their food supply. Jones notes that “rising sea temperatures are affecting the availability of certain fish species, which in turn affects the animals that rely on them for food” (45). This chain reaction illustrates how interconnected ecosystems are and how changes in one part can have widespread effects. Effects on Plant Species Climate change also affects plant species. Increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns can disrupt the growth cycles of plants. “Many plant species are blooming earlier than usual, which can disrupt the timing of food availability for herbivores” (Johnson 67). This mismatch can have serious consequences for species that rely on specific plants for food during certain times of the year. Furthermore, the spread of invasive species is a growing concern. Invasive plants, which thrive in changing conditions, can outcompete native species, leading to reduced biodiversity. “Invasive species are often more adaptable to changing climates, allowing them to spread rapidly and dominate ecosystems” (Smith 89). Conclusion The effects of climate change on biodiversity are profound and far-reaching. Both animal and plant species are struggling to adapt to the rapid changes in their environments. Immediate action is necessary to mitigate these effects and preserve the planet’s biodiversity. Conservation efforts, habitat restoration, and policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions are critical steps in addressing this global challenge. Works Cited Johnson, Mark. “Global Warming Facts.” Climate Change Resources , 2023, www.climateresources.org/global-warming-facts. Jones, Emily. “The Effects of Pollution.” Environmental Studies , vol. 34, no. 2, 2019, pp. 123-145. Smith, John. Understanding MLA Format . Penguin, 2020. Smith, John. “Impact of Habitat Loss on Polar Bears.” Wildlife Conservation Journal , vol. 12, no. 1, 2018, pp. 23-30. College MLA HeaderThe header in an MLA-formatted college paper is straightforward. It includes your last name and the page number, aligned to the right. Here’s how you can format it along with a sample filled with details: Header Format
Creating an MLA Header in Word
College MLA Format EssayJohn Smith Professor Brown English 101 4 June 2024 The Impact of Technology on Education Technology has revolutionized the way we approach education. From elementary schools to universities, digital tools and resources have transformed traditional teaching methods, making learning more interactive, engaging, and accessible. This essay explores the impact of technology on education, highlighting both the benefits and the challenges it presents. One significant benefit of technology in education is the increased access to information. With the internet, students can access a wealth of information on any topic imaginable. Online libraries, educational websites, and digital textbooks provide students with resources that were previously unavailable or difficult to obtain. This access to information promotes self-directed learning, allowing students to explore subjects in greater depth and at their own pace. Another advantage is the enhancement of learning experiences through interactive tools. Educational software, virtual simulations, and multimedia presentations make learning more engaging and enjoyable. For example, science students can conduct virtual experiments, history students can explore interactive timelines, and language students can practice with language-learning apps. These tools not only make learning more fun but also cater to different learning styles, helping students to better understand and retain information. Moreover, technology facilitates collaboration and communication among students and teachers. Online discussion forums, group projects using collaborative tools, and video conferencing enable students to work together, share ideas, and receive feedback in real-time, regardless of their physical location. This connectivity fosters a sense of community and teamwork, which are essential skills in the modern workforce. However, the integration of technology in education also presents several challenges. One major issue is the digital divide. Not all students have equal access to digital devices and the internet, leading to disparities in educational opportunities. Schools in underfunded areas may struggle to provide the necessary technology, and students from low-income families may not have access to computers or reliable internet at home. This digital divide can exacerbate existing inequalities and hinder the academic progress of disadvantaged students. Additionally, the overreliance on technology can sometimes detract from traditional learning methods that are still valuable. For instance, excessive screen time can negatively impact students’ health, leading to issues such as eye strain and poor posture. Furthermore, the use of technology in the classroom can sometimes be a distraction, with students being tempted to use their devices for non-educational purposes during lessons. In conclusion, technology has undeniably transformed education, offering numerous benefits such as increased access to information, enhanced learning experiences, and improved collaboration. However, it is crucial to address the challenges it presents, including the digital divide and the potential for distraction. By finding a balance between traditional and digital teaching methods, educators can harness the power of technology to create a more effective and inclusive educational environment. Works Cited Smith, John. The Art of Writing . Penguin, 2020. —. “Understanding Poetry.” Literary Journal , vol. 5, no. 2, 2021, pp. 123-145. Doe, Jane. “The Future of Technology.” Tech Monthly , 4 Mar. 2022, pp. 30-35. Doe, Jane, and John Smith. The Study of Literature . Oxford UP, 2019. Smith, John. “How to Write an Essay.” Writing Help , 5 May 2023, www.writinghelp.com/how-to-write. College MLA Format CitationWhen writing a college paper in MLA format, proper citation is crucial for giving credit to sources and avoiding plagiarism. Below are examples of how to cite various types of sources in MLA format, both in-text and in the Works Cited page. In-text citations are brief references within your text that direct the reader to the complete citation in your Works Cited list. General Format
The Works Cited page lists all the sources cited in your paper. It should start on a new page at the end of your paper.
How to write in College MLA Format?Writing in College MLA Format may initially seem daunting, but with a step-by-step approach, you can easily master this widely used formatting style. Whether you’re working on an college essay , research paper , or any other academic document, following the guidelines of MLA Format ensures consistency and professionalism in your writing. This comprehensive guide will walk you through each stage of the writing process, providing clear instructions to help you navigate the intricacies of MLA Format successfully. By the end, you’ll feel confident in your ability to craft well-structured and properly formatted papers that meet the standards of scholarly communication. So let’s dive in and discover the key steps to writing in College MLA Format. Step 1: Formatting the Document:To begin writing in College MLA Format, start by setting up the document appropriately. Use a standard font such as Times New Roman or Arial, with a size of 12 points. Set the margins to 1 inch on all sides and double-space the entire document. Step 2: MLA Format Heading:At the top left corner of the first page, include a an MLA Format heading with your name, your instructor’s name, the course title, and the date, all aligned to the left. Place your last name and page number in the header’s top right corner, using the “Insert” tab in word processors like Microsoft Word or Google Docs. Step 3: In-Text Citations and Works Cited:When referencing sources within the text, use parenthetical citations including the author’s last name and the page number (e.g., Smith 45). Create a separate page titled “Works Cited” at the end of your paper and list all the sources cited in alphabetical order, following the MLA Format Works Cited guidelines. What is MLA format?MLA format is a style guide for writing and documenting research in the humanities, especially in English studies, established by the Modern Language Association. How do I format the header in MLA?Include your last name and page number in the upper right corner, right-aligned, half an inch from the top. What font and size should I use in MLA format?Use Times New Roman, 12-point font throughout the entire document. How do I format in-text citations in MLA?Include the author’s last name and page number in parentheses, like this: (Smith 123). How should I format the Works Cited page?Title the page “Works Cited,” center it, double-space all entries, and use a hanging indent for each entry. How do I format a block quote in MLA?Indent the entire quote one inch from the left margin, double-space it, and do not use quotation marks. What information goes in the heading on the first page?Include your name, your instructor’s name, the course name, and the date, each on a separate line, left-aligned. Do I need a title page for MLA format?MLA format typically does not require a title page. Instead, use a heading on the first page. How do I cite a book in MLA format?Format: Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book . Publisher, Year. How are multiple authors cited in MLA format?For two authors, use both last names: (Smith and Jones 123). For three or more, use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”: (Smith et al. 123). Text prompt
10 Examples of Public speaking 20 Examples of Gas lighting Generate accurate MLA citations for free
MLA Title Page | When You Need One & How to Format ItPublished on July 12, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 5, 2024. In MLA style , a title page is usually not required for your paper. Instead, MLA recommends including a header on your first page listing your name, your instructor’s name, the course name and number, and the submission date, followed by the title of your paper. However, you should include a separate title page instead in these cases:
The formats for a separate title page and a first-page header are shown below. You can also use our templates in Word or Google Docs. Word template Google Docs template Instantly correct all language mistakes in your textUpload your document to correct all your mistakes in minutes Table of contentsMla title page format, creating an mla header, frequently asked questions about mla format. To create an MLA format title page, list the following on separate lines, left-aligned at the top of the page:
Then leave a few blank lines and list the title of the paper, centered and in title case, halfway down the page. All text should be double-spaced and in the same font as the rest of the paper. Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading servicesDiscover proofreading & editing Most MLA papers will instead list this information in a header , which appears on the same page as your opening paragraphs instead of on a separate page before them. In the header, left-aligned, list Then on the next line, write the title of your paper, centered and in title case. On the line after that, start your first paragraph. The header and title should be double-spaced, like the rest of the paper. Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when:
In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page. If you’re working on a group project and therefore need to list multiple authors for your paper , MLA recommends against including a normal header . Instead, create a separate title page . On the title page, list each author on a separate line, followed by the other usual information from the header: Instructor, course name and number, and submission date. Then write the title halfway down the page, centered, and start the text of the paper itself on the next page. MLA recommends using 12-point Times New Roman , since it’s easy to read and installed on every computer. Other standard fonts such as Arial or Georgia are also acceptable. If in doubt, check with your supervisor which font you should be using. MLA Style is the second most used citation style (after APA ). It is mainly used by students and researchers in humanities fields such as literature, languages, and philosophy. Cite this Scribbr articleIf you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. Caulfield, J. (2024, March 05). MLA Title Page | When You Need One & How to Format It. Scribbr. Retrieved June 11, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/mla-title-page/ Is this article helpful?Jack CaulfieldOther students also liked, mla format for academic papers and essays, mla titles: formatting and capitalization rules, what is your plagiarism score. Our writers are ready to help! Get 15% OFF your first paper
MLA Formatting for PapersTable of contents In academic writing, it is important to observe all formatting rules in the required style. This quick guide will help you learn how to format your paper in MLA. There are obligatory requirements for such formatting. They are the following:
Now, let’s look at the main rules for formatting different parts of papers in detail. Creating Header and TitleAlign the header left on the first page. It should contain:
After the header, you should type the title of your paper. Press ‘Enter’ on the keyboard once and place the title in the center of the page. Use the title-case capitalization, meaning that all meaningful parts of speech should be capitalized. Check whether your title is relevant, strong, and attractive. Dorris McGregor Professor Collins English 108 08 April 2022 Use of Prepositions of Place in Poetry If there are multiple authors of the paper, it makes sense to create a separate title page for each of them. Making Running HeadRunning head should be present at the top of every page, starting with the first one. You need to type your last name and the number of a page in the top header. These are the simple steps to do it in your Word or Google Docs editor:
Usually, the running head has the following format: Formatting Works Cited PageWorks Cited is the title of the bibliography list in MLA that we place at the end of the paper. It contains the basic information about all sources you have used in your paper and research. They go in alphabetical order. If the source is not cited in the work, you do not need to include it in this list. However, if you are completing the annotated bibliography, including all the sources is a must. The title of the page is ‘Works Cited,’ and you have to locate it in the center of the page at the top. Then you click ‘Enter’ once and start writing your references. All the references that are longer than one line should be ½ inch indented. It is called a hanging indent and not applied to the first entry. The entries are double-spaced, similar to the paper’s text. MLA Citations: What You Need to KnowMLA citations are divided into in-text and Works Cited quotes . Formatting them may be a problem for many students, and it takes a lot of time. That is why using the Citation Generator will make the process faster and save you effort. If you want to cite your sources by hand, you need to remember a huge set of citation rules. You can find them all in the MLA Guide. Here are the simple examples of citing a book:
How to Make Headings and SubheadingsYour paper does not necessarily need to contain headings and subheadings. However, if you do include them in your work because of the need for better organization and structuring, you should follow certain requirements. There are only a few of them:
The font and its size should be the same as in the text. Though, the title case capitalization is mandatory. Use boldface if you need focus more on the title. Italics are appropriate for subordinate headings only. Title of the Chapter Heading of the Section If you work with Microsoft Word or Google Docs, you can use the heading levels to be sure that all the formats are appropriate. How to Format Tables and FiguresPlace all the tables and other visuals that are mostly called ‘figures’ as close to the text they illustrate as possible. There are several requirements for them in MLA you should observe. How to Format Tables in MLA You need to label and numerate the tables, providing the descriptive title. Place the label and the title above the table. Use separate lines for a number and label and for the title. The label and number are in bold. You may also need a caption to provide the information about the source. It is located below the table. If you have made the table by yourself, you do not need the caption. You can also make any explanatory notes below the caption. Use a superscript letter to mark the part of the table the note refers to. Indent the first line of every note. If you use a word processor, it will indent the following notes automatically. The text of the captions and notes is double-spaced as in all other parts of the paper. Remember to use the title case capitalization for the title of the table. However, it is not used for captions and notes. How to Format Figures in MLA You need to label and numerate figures and other images you include in the paper. However, the label and number go together with the caption below the figure. Here, the caption is placed in the centered format. Abbreviate the label ‘Figure’ to ‘Fig.’, then place the number and a period. Then, continue the caption with the descriptive information or the full source information about the image you are using. It includes the author, title, and the year of publication. Fig. 2. American Finance Digest. The Growth of Net Capital in Machine Engineering. April 2021. How to Insert the Information About the Source in Captions for Tables and Figures If you include the full information about the source in the caption under your table or figure, you do not need to make a special entry for it in Works Cited. The full information in the caption should follow the same format as if you provided it in the Work Cited list. However, the full name of the author is inverted. You do not use ‘Howard, James’ but ‘James Howard’. If your caption includes only the basic information about the source, you will have to include the full entry for it in Works Cited. Nevertheless, the caption should contain enough information about the source to make it recognizable in the Works Cited list. It can be only an author and abbreviated title. Final ThoughtsYou have learned the basics of paper formatting in MLA from this article. MLA is a widely used citation style in science and technology papers, psychology and sociology, and other disciplines. That is why knowing how to format an academic paper in this style is quite helpful. If you have doubts, you can always consult the MLA Guide or this article. In-Text Citations in MLA Style More interesting articlesHey there, friend! Have you seen our 15% discount ?Order for the first time and save 15%! How does it sound to you? We use cookies on this website to provide you with the most relevant information and optimal services, by remembering your visits and preferences. By clicking “Accept”, you agree to the use of ALL cookies. Privacy OverviewHome / Guides / Citation Guides / How to Cite Sources How to Cite SourcesHere is a complete list for how to cite sources. Most of these guides present citation guidance and examples in MLA, APA, and Chicago. If you’re looking for general information on MLA or APA citations , the EasyBib Writing Center was designed for you! It has articles on what’s needed in an MLA in-text citation , how to format an APA paper, what an MLA annotated bibliography is, making an MLA works cited page, and much more! MLA Format Citation ExamplesThe Modern Language Association created the MLA Style, currently in its 9th edition, to provide researchers with guidelines for writing and documenting scholarly borrowings. Most often used in the humanities, MLA style (or MLA format ) has been adopted and used by numerous other disciplines, in multiple parts of the world. MLA provides standard rules to follow so that most research papers are formatted in a similar manner. This makes it easier for readers to comprehend the information. The MLA in-text citation guidelines, MLA works cited standards, and MLA annotated bibliography instructions provide scholars with the information they need to properly cite sources in their research papers, articles, and assignments.
APA Format Citation ExamplesThe American Psychological Association created the APA citation style in 1929 as a way to help psychologists, anthropologists, and even business managers establish one common way to cite sources and present content. APA is used when citing sources for academic articles such as journals, and is intended to help readers better comprehend content, and to avoid language bias wherever possible. The APA style (or APA format ) is now in its 7th edition, and provides citation style guides for virtually any type of resource. Chicago Style Citation ExamplesThe Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page (in Chicago-format footnotes ) or at the end of a paper (endnotes). The Turabian and Chicago citation styles are almost identical, but the Turabian style is geared towards student published papers such as theses and dissertations, while the Chicago style provides guidelines for all types of publications. This is why you’ll commonly see Chicago style and Turabian style presented together. The Chicago Manual of Style is currently in its 17th edition, and Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is in its 8th edition. Citing Specific Sources or Events
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6 Interesting Citation FactsThe world of citations may seem cut and dry, but there’s more to them than just specific capitalization rules, MLA in-text citations , and other formatting specifications. Citations have been helping researches document their sources for hundreds of years, and are a great way to learn more about a particular subject area. Ever wonder what sets all the different styles apart, or how they came to be in the first place? Read on for some interesting facts about citations! 1. There are Over 7,000 Different Citation StylesYou may be familiar with MLA and APA citation styles, but there are actually thousands of citation styles used for all different academic disciplines all across the world. Deciding which one to use can be difficult, so be sure to ask you instructor which one you should be using for your next paper. 2. Some Citation Styles are Named After PeopleWhile a majority of citation styles are named for the specific organizations that publish them (i.e. APA is published by the American Psychological Association, and MLA format is named for the Modern Language Association), some are actually named after individuals. The most well-known example of this is perhaps Turabian style, named for Kate L. Turabian, an American educator and writer. She developed this style as a condensed version of the Chicago Manual of Style in order to present a more concise set of rules to students. 3. There are Some Really Specific and Uniquely Named Citation StylesHow specific can citation styles get? The answer is very. For example, the “Flavour and Fragrance Journal” style is based on a bimonthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1985 by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes original research articles, reviews and special reports on all aspects of flavor and fragrance. Another example is “Nordic Pulp and Paper Research,” a style used by an international scientific magazine covering science and technology for the areas of wood or bio-mass constituents. 4. More citations were created on EasyBib.com in the first quarter of 2018 than there are people in California.The US Census Bureau estimates that approximately 39.5 million people live in the state of California. Meanwhile, about 43 million citations were made on EasyBib from January to March of 2018. That’s a lot of citations. 5. “Citations” is a Word With a Long HistoryThe word “citations” can be traced back literally thousands of years to the Latin word “citare” meaning “to summon, urge, call; put in sudden motion, call forward; rouse, excite.” The word then took on its more modern meaning and relevance to writing papers in the 1600s, where it became known as the “act of citing or quoting a passage from a book, etc.” 6. Citation Styles are Always ChangingThe concept of citations always stays the same. It is a means of preventing plagiarism and demonstrating where you relied on outside sources. The specific style rules, however, can and do change regularly. For example, in 2018 alone, 46 new citation styles were introduced , and 106 updates were made to exiting styles. At EasyBib, we are always on the lookout for ways to improve our styles and opportunities to add new ones to our list. Why Citations MatterHere are the ways accurate citations can help your students achieve academic success, and how you can answer the dreaded question, “why should I cite my sources?” They Give Credit to the Right PeopleCiting their sources makes sure that the reader can differentiate the student’s original thoughts from those of other researchers. Not only does this make sure that the sources they use receive proper credit for their work, it ensures that the student receives deserved recognition for their unique contributions to the topic. Whether the student is citing in MLA format , APA format , or any other style, citations serve as a natural way to place a student’s work in the broader context of the subject area, and serve as an easy way to gauge their commitment to the project. They Provide Hard Evidence of IdeasHaving many citations from a wide variety of sources related to their idea means that the student is working on a well-researched and respected subject. Citing sources that back up their claim creates room for fact-checking and further research . And, if they can cite a few sources that have the converse opinion or idea, and then demonstrate to the reader why they believe that that viewpoint is wrong by again citing credible sources, the student is well on their way to winning over the reader and cementing their point of view. They Promote Originality and Prevent PlagiarismThe point of research projects is not to regurgitate information that can already be found elsewhere. We have Google for that! What the student’s project should aim to do is promote an original idea or a spin on an existing idea, and use reliable sources to promote that idea. Copying or directly referencing a source without proper citation can lead to not only a poor grade, but accusations of academic dishonesty. By citing their sources regularly and accurately, students can easily avoid the trap of plagiarism , and promote further research on their topic. They Create Better ResearchersBy researching sources to back up and promote their ideas, students are becoming better researchers without even knowing it! Each time a new source is read or researched, the student is becoming more engaged with the project and is developing a deeper understanding of the subject area. Proper citations demonstrate a breadth of the student’s reading and dedication to the project itself. By creating citations, students are compelled to make connections between their sources and discern research patterns. Each time they complete this process, they are helping themselves become better researchers and writers overall. When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations?Make in-text/parenthetical citations as you need them. As you are writing your paper, be sure to include references within the text that correspond with references in a works cited or bibliography. These are usually called in-text citations or parenthetical citations in MLA and APA formats. The most effective time to complete these is directly after you have made your reference to another source. For instance, after writing the line from Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities : “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…,” you would include a citation like this (depending on your chosen citation style): (Dickens 11). This signals to the reader that you have referenced an outside source. What’s great about this system is that the in-text citations serve as a natural list for all of the citations you have made in your paper, which will make completing the works cited page a whole lot easier. After you are done writing, all that will be left for you to do is scan your paper for these references, and then build a works cited page that includes a citation for each one. Need help creating an MLA works cited page ? Try the MLA format generator on EasyBib.com! We also have a guide on how to format an APA reference page . 2. Understand the General Formatting Rules of Your Citation Style Before You Start WritingWhile reading up on paper formatting may not sound exciting, being aware of how your paper should look early on in the paper writing process is super important. Citation styles can dictate more than just the appearance of the citations themselves, but rather can impact the layout of your paper as a whole, with specific guidelines concerning margin width, title treatment, and even font size and spacing. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent. Don’t know where to start? Here’s a formatting guide on APA format . 3. Double-check All of Your Outside Sources for Relevance and Trustworthiness FirstCollecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades. If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run. Finished with your paper? It may be time to run it through a grammar and plagiarism checker , like the one offered by EasyBib Plus. If you’re just looking to brush up on the basics, our grammar guides are ready anytime you are. How useful was this post? Click on a star to rate it! We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! Let us improve this post! Tell us how we can improve this post? 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See how to format a paper in MLA style with this sample from Purdue OWL®. Learn about citations, headings, margins, and more.
Revised on March 5, 2024. The first page of your MLA format paper starts with a four-line left-aligned header containing: Your full name. Your instructor's name. The course name and number. The date of submission. After the header, the title of the paper is centred on a new line, in title case. The header and title do not take any special ...
This page contains guidelines on how to properly format the headings of your research paper using the MLA format. 1. The Opening Page: On the opening page or the first page, you would include the whole heading and your paper's title. The whole heading would include the following information: Your Name Your Instructor's Name Your
No internal heading level should have only one instance. For example, if you have one level 1 heading, you need to have a second level 1 heading. (The exceptions are the paper or chapter title and the headings for notes and the list of works cited.) You should also generally have text under each heading. Capitalization. Capitalize headings like ...
Cite your MLA source. Start by applying these MLA format guidelines to your document: Use an easily readable font like 12 pt Times New Roman. Set 1 inch page margins. Use double line spacing. Include a ½" indent for new paragraphs. Include a four-line MLA heading on the first page. Center the paper's title.
MLA Heading vs. MLA Header. You have graduated from 5-paragraph essays to MLA research papers, so it is time to learn what an MLA heading vs. a header is in MLA format. MLA headings are found on the first page and provide identifying information. MLA headers are identifiers found on every page of your paper.
Do not use a period after your title or after any heading in the paper (e.g., Works Cited). Begin your text on a new, double-spaced line after the title, indenting the first line of the paragraph half an inch from the left margin. Fig. 1. The top of the first page of a research paper.
In MS Word, you can create a header under the "Insert" menu. Double-click the top of the page. Click the "Insert" menu in the toolbar. Click "Page Number", hover over "Top of Page", and click "Plain Number 3". Enter your last name along with the page number, both right-aligned. Now that you know how to format an MLA running ...
The MLA Style Guide gives you two options for using subtitles in a paper: one-level section titles or several-level subtitles (for papers with subsections within each section). For one-level section titles, the formatting is simple. Every subtitle should look the same as the title (centered and double-spaced, with no special formatting).
An MLA heading is a section of information that is included at the top-left of the first page of an MLA format paper. If you write an MLA paper, you will include these details in the MLA heading (in this order): Your name (author of the paper) Instructor's name. Class or Course title or number. Date paper is submitted.
Here's how you can set your first page up for MLA 9th edition. On the first line, write your full name (flush left) On a new line, write your professor or instructor's full name. On a new line, write the course code and course name. On a new line, write the full date spelt out (e.g., 15 June 2023)
For example, if you have one level 1 heading, you need to have a second level 1 heading. (The exceptions are the paper or chapter title and the headings for notes and the list of works cited.) You should also generally have text under each heading. ... Above is a template you can use every time you need to set-up a research paper using MLA ...
Congratulations to the students whose essays were selected for the 2024 edition of Writing with MLA Style! Essays were selected as examples of excellent student writing that use MLA style for citing sources. Essays have been lightly edited. If your institution subscribes to MLA Handbook Plus, you can access annotated versions of the essays selected …
With this focus on source evaluation as the cornerstone of citation, MLA style promotes the skills of information and digital literacy so crucial today. The new edition offers. New chapters on grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, numbers, italics, abbreviations, and principles of inclusive language.
MLA Format Heading Examples. Here are two example headings in MLA format for reference. Keep in mind that these should be double-spaced in your paper. Cody Anderson. Professor Lockhart. Astronomy 103. 23 March 2022. Raquel Smith. Professor Snape. Humanities 605. 25 February 2021. MLA In-Text Citation
Citation format will be discussed in a later section, but this section will detail how to create a Works Cited Page. At the end of your essay, insert a page break (found under the "Insert" tab) and center the words "Works Cited" at the top of your page (not in the header). If there is only one source being cited, type "Work Cited".
While certain parts of your MLA style paper will require specific formatting, the points below apply to every page. Note that your teacher may have their own preferences, which you should follow. Paper size: 8 ½-by-11-inch paper. Page margins: 1-inch margins on the left, right, top, and bottom. Font type and size: No specific font is required ...
College MLA Format Essay. John Smith Professor Brown English 101 4 June 2024. ... Step 2: MLA Format Heading: At the top left corner of the first page, include a an MLA Format heading with your name, your instructor's name, the course title, and the date, all aligned to the left. Place your last name and page number in the header's top ...
MLA title page format. To create an MLA format title page, list the following on separate lines, left-aligned at the top of the page: Then leave a few blank lines and list the title of the paper, centered and in title case, halfway down the page. All text should be double-spaced and in the same font as the rest of the paper.
MLA Sample Paper #2. See below for an example paper or click below to download it as a Word Document. The MLA header should be one inch from the top and left margins. The heading and the entire paper should be double spaced. Eli YaffarabeProfessor Rapheor. GOVT 322. 28 August 2018.
Usually, the running head has the following format: McGregor 1 Formatting Works Cited Page. Works Cited is the title of the bibliography list in MLA that we place at the end of the paper. It contains the basic information about all sources you have used in your paper and research. They go in alphabetical order.
The Chicago/Turabian style of citing sources is generally used when citing sources for humanities papers, and is best known for its requirement that writers place bibliographic citations at the bottom of a page (in Chicago-format footnotes) or at the end of a paper (endnotes). The Turabian and Chicago citation styles are almost identical, but ...