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Essay on Animals | Animals Essay for Students and Children in English

March 18, 2023 by Prasanna

Essay on Animals: The presence of animals is essential because it maintains the balance in the ecosystem. In today’s world, some animals also serve as companions and help reduce our stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Every organism has a unique place in the food chain, and each contributes to maintaining the existence of life on this planet. The man had learned early that with their more complex and advanced mind, they are superior to any other animal on the Earth.

What makes man superior to them? Humans had learned the ways they can use some animals for their survival, like for transportation or as a food source.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Animals for Students and Kids in English

We are providing students with essay samples, both long and short essay type, on the topic ‘Animals.’ We will also include ten pointers on the same topic so that the students can use these to construct their essays.

On the topic ‘Science,’ we are providing readers with long essays of 400-500 words and short essays of 100-200 words. Animal essay will help the students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; whereas, the long essay will be highly beneficial for students of classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Long Essay on Animals 500 Words in English

The living organisms that are eukaryotes and formed of numerous cells and those who sexually reproduce are called animals. Animals play a unique role in maintaining the balance of nature. Several animal species exist in both land and water, and each has a purpose for their existence.

The animals are divided into particular groups in biology for better understanding of their species like- amphibians (the animals that can live on both land and water), reptiles (scaled body and cold-blooded animals), mammals (the animals that give birth to the offspring in the womb and has mammary glands), birds (forelimbs evolved to wings, mostly feather-covered body, and lays eggs for giving birth), fishes (has fins in place of limbs, and gills for respiration in water), insects (they are mostly six-legged or more, and most have a head, thorax, and abdomen), etc.

Since human beings’ existence and evolution, we have established ourselves as the greater and more superior species for our sophisticated and more advanced way of thinking and applying. Humans have also learned to use animals for their benefit and have realized how to incorporate animals into our social lives. Animal husbandry is not a new practice done and has been in existence for a very long time.

The bond between humans and animals has increased, and now both coexist with a mutual understanding of nature. We have also strived to preserve the near exist and rare species through modern modes of conservation like zoological gardens and sanctuaries.

We have used animals for clothes, food, transportation, and entertainment. Animals have also been beneficial for us to discover new things from research and tests. Several vaccines and medicines are the blessings of the resources we obtained from animals. Animals have also been a part of outer-space explorations, which has achieved milestones in scientific discoveries.

Among these activities, some were for good reasons and to sustain a livelihood, but some were just the act of evil and torture the poor animals. With the modernization of the world, people started thinking about animals and worked for their rights.

It is essential to realize that with power, great responsibility comes as well. Hence, we should never abuse animals for our benefits. As good human beings, we must always revolt against any inhumane activity that harms our fellow wild friends.

Short Essay on Animals 150 words in English

From the beginning of human civilization, we have interacted with wildlife. Before trade and commerce existed, human life had to depend on animal resources in some places solely. Our ancestors who lived in caves and were nomads and some big animals were a threat to their life.

But eventually, they learned to fight and survive and use the skin of the animal for clothing as a layer of protection from cold, used the meat as food or bait, and also came to use ivory elements as utensils or ornaments. Now animals contribute to many more aspects like our transportation, social life, economy, etc. Hence, it is our responsibility to preserve and protect them against any abuse that is not necessary for our existence.

10 Lines on Essay on Animals in English

• It would be a shame not to mention bees in the list of essential animals for they are the most potent pollinators in this world, and almost one-third of the world’s food source depends on pollination.
• Dogs have been a loyal and faithful companion to man throughout their life, and they ensure physical security and emotional support as our loving pets.
• Squirrels are responsible for growing several trees on this planet, for they often collect nuts and seeds for winter and forget the place they stored them; eventually, those seeds and nuts grow into trees and sustain our ecosystem.
• Birds are called the ecological handyman, for they are responsible for many things like pollination, pest control, reforestation, soil fertilization, etc.
• Elephants are called the largest mammals living on land, whereas Blue Whales are the largest animals that exist on Earth.
• We all are aware of the importance of fishes and other aquatic animals, and firstly they maintain the balance of the marine ecosystem. They are also a source of food and have a significant contribution to our economy.
• Giraffes initially didn’t have an as long neck as we see them now; it was because of gradual evolution that their neck lengthened so that they can reach the upper branches of trees for leaves, i.e., their food.
• The Camel is called the ‘Ship of the desert,’ and they are highly used as a medium of transportation in dry sandy areas by humans.
• People often mistake camels to carry water in their humps, but it is fat that is stored in the tissues of a camel’s hump. These fatty tissues help to convert into energy or water, and hence a camel can survive for almost six months without water or food.
• Animal rights are the idea submitted by humans, which declares that some of the animals are entitled to some rights of their existence and their fundamental interests. This was introduced to reduce the exploitation of animals and stop the torture that man does to them.

FAQ’s on Essay on Animals

Question 1. What is the study of animals called?

Answer: The scientific study of animals is called zoology, which involves research and discoveries about different animals.

Question 2. What is the definition of animals?

Answer: The animals are the multi-cellular eukaryotic (living) organisms that belong to the biological kingdom ‘Animalia’ and can sexually reproduce (other than the asexual animals).

Question 3. What is a zoo?

Answer: A ‘zoo’ is the abbreviation of the zoological garden or zoological park, and it is a confined facility that encloses several breeds of animals. A zoo is a place open for public viewing, and the purpose of this facility is to entertain and educate the people while also serving as a scientific research opportunity for those species present in the zoo. Zoos are also used for rare species conservation and are regulated by the government.

Question 4. What are the living organisms other than plants, which are not considered to be animals?

Answer: Apart from plants and animal species, several living organisms exist on Earth. Examples of some of these organisms are bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, etc.

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Essay on Animals: Samples in 100, 200 and 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Dec 27, 2023

Animals are an important part of the natural world. Their existence in our environment is as important as ours. Some of the common animals that we see regularly are dogs, cats, cows, birds, etc. From small insects to blue whales, there are millions of species of animals in our environment, each having their habitat and way of living. Some animals live in seas, while others on land. Our natural environment is so diverse that there are more than 7 million species of animals currently living. Today, we will provide you with some essay on animals. Stay tuned!

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Animals in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Animals in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Animals in 300 Words

Also Read: Essay on New Education Policy in 500 Words

Essay on Animals in 100 Words

Animals are part of our natural world. Most of the animal specials are related to humans in direct or indirect ways. In agricultural and dairy production, animals play an important role. Our food, such as eggs, milk, chicken, beef, mutton, fish, etc. all come from animals. Animals are generally of two types; domestic and wild. 

Domestic animals are those that we can keep at our homes or use their physical strength for activities like agriculture, farming, etc. Wild animals live in forests, where they have different ways of survival. There is an interdependence between humans and animals. Without animals, our existence would be impossible. Therefore, saving animals is as important as saving ourselves.

Also Read: Essay on Cow: 100 to 500 Words

Essay on Animals in 200 Words

Animals play a major role in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. They contribute to our biodiversity by enriching the environment with their diverse species. Animals range from microscopic organisms to majestic mammals with their unique place in the intricate web of life.

Animals provide essential ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control, which are vital for the survival of many plant species. Animals contribute to nutrient cycling and help in maintaining the health of ecosystems. Animals have an interdependency on each other which creates a delicate equilibrium. Our activities often disturb his balance, which affects the entire ecosystem.

There are a lot of animals that we can domesticate, such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, etc. These animals bring joy and companionship to our lives. We also domesticate milch animals, such as cows, goats, camels, etc. for services like milk or agricultural activities. Wild animals living in forests contribute to our cultural and aesthetic aspects, inspiring art, literature, and folklore.

In recent years, animal species have faced threats due to habitat destruction, climate change, and human activities. Conservation efforts are crucial to protecting endangered species and preserving the diversity of life on Earth.

Animals are integral to the health of our planet and contribute to the overall well-being of human societies. It is our responsibility to appreciate, respect, and conserve the rich tapestry of animal life for the benefit of present and future generations.

Essay on Animals in 300 Words

Scientific studies say there are 4 types of animals; mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. All these types of animals are important in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. From the smallest insects to the largest mammals, each species has a unique role to play in the web of life.

One of the fundamental roles of animals is in ecosystem services. Bees and butterflies, for example, are crucial pollinators for many plants, including crops that humans rely on for food. Birds and mammals contribute to seed dispersal, facilitating the growth of various plant species. Predators help control the population of prey animals, preventing overgrazing and maintaining the health of ecosystems.

Beyond their ecological contributions, animals also have immense cultural significance. Throughout history, animals have been revered and represented in art, mythology, and religious beliefs. They symbolize traits such as strength, agility, wisdom, and loyalty, becoming integral to human culture. Domesticated animals, such as dogs and cats, have been companions to humans for thousands of years, providing emotional support and companionship.

However, the impact of human activities on animals is a growing concern. Habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and poaching pose significant threats to many species. Conservation efforts are crucial to safeguarding biodiversity and ensuring the survival of endangered animals.

Moreover, the well-being of animals is closely linked to human welfare.  Livestock and poultry contribute to the global food supply, and advancements in medical research often rely on animal models. Ethical considerations surrounding animal welfare are increasingly important, leading to discussions on responsible and humane treatment.

Animals are essential components of our planet’s ecosystems and contribute significantly to human culture and well-being. Balancing our interactions with animals through conservation, ethical treatment, and sustainable practices is imperative to ensure a harmonious coexistence and preserve the diversity of life on Earth.

Tree: trimmed. ✔ Goats are skilled climbers who don't limit their search for food to the ground. #goat #greatestholidayofalltime #Morocco pic.twitter.com/eQrwHPWSPr — Animal Planet (@AnimalPlanet) December 19, 2023

Ans: Animals are an important part of our natural environment. Humans and animals depend on each other for their survival. We humans depend on animals for food, agricultural activities, etc. Domestic animals are those that we can keep at our homes or use their physical strength for activities like agriculture, farming, etc. Wild animals live in forests, where they have different ways of survival. There is an interdependence between humans and animals. Without animals, our existence would be impossible. Therefore, saving animals is as important as saving ourselves.

Ans: Some of the domesticated animals are dogs, cats, cows, goats, camels, etc.

Ans: Mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

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With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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How to Write an Expository Essay on an Animal

Last Updated: September 15, 2021

This article was co-authored by Bess Ruff, MA . Bess Ruff is a Geography PhD student at Florida State University. She received her MA in Environmental Science and Management from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2016. She has conducted survey work for marine spatial planning projects in the Caribbean and provided research support as a graduate fellow for the Sustainable Fisheries Group. This article has been viewed 76,396 times.

Expository essays describe a particular topic and provide the reader with relevant information. An expository essay about an animal can take a variety of different directions. Choose a topic that interests you, outline and write your essay, and then proofread your work before turning it in.

Outlining and Researching

• An expository essay is an essay that provides the reader information about a particular topic. To write an expository essay on an animal, you'll have to choose an animal and provide a variety of information on that animal. It would likely include things like what that animal looks like, what it eats, where it lives, and so on.
• Choose an animal that personally interests you. You'll have more fun writing your essay if you are writing about something you enjoy. Pick an animal you like. Your favorite animal could be a good topic for an expository essay on an animal.

• You can review the assignment sheet given to you or ask your teacher in person. If you speak with your teacher, be sure to take notes so you can refer back to them when researching, outlining, writing, and polishing your essay.

• Look for sources that are valid. Major newspapers like the New York Times and the San Francisco Chronicle are a good place to start. You also might want to find some history behind your topic. Go your school's library and ask a librarian to help you use the card catalogue to locate books and magazines on your topic. An encyclopedia could be a good reference for an expository essay. [1] X Research source
• The Internet is a major source of information and can be extremely helpful when researching. However, you should know how to evaluate sources before relying on the internet for information. Look for current resources so you know the information is up-to-date. Go for websites associated with universities or government organizations, with domains like .edu and .gov, over business or commercial websites.
• Select pages where the author's name is clearly visible and the page is easy to navigate. Personal blogs are not a good resource. Websites for organizations advocating strongly for a particular political cause may have a strong bias. Avoid sites like Wikipedia, as they are user generated and may not have accurate information.
• Take notes while researching. Keep a notebook with you and jot down relevant information. Write down which source you got this information from so you can refer to the source later on. If possible, print out your own copies of library texts so you can underline and write notes in the margins.

• Outlines are usually formed using a series of numbers and letter. You write down main points as headings and then expand upon these points in subheadings.
• For example, you can use Roman numerals as headings and then use letters as subheadings. Say you're writing about potbelly pigs. You can start with “I. Introduction.” Then something like “a. Introduce my topic, including a brief description of potbelly pigs” and “b. briefly state the personality traits and appearance of a potbelly pig.”
• You don't need to use full sentences in an outline. It's just a tool to help you organize your ideas. Don't worry about forming full sentences or thoughts yet. You can get to that during the writing process.

Writing the Essay

• Begin your introduction with a fun opening sentence that gets the reader's attention. You can open with a question, a quote, a joke, or anything that introduces your topic in a creative manner. For example, let's return to the potbelly pig example. Open with something like, "Did you know that not all pigs are farmyard animals? Some pigs are kept domestically as pets." This invites the reader to think about your topic.
• From there, briefly state what you'll be discussing in your paper. You can provide a brief description of a potbelly pig, including things like a brief overview of their appearance and personality traits.

• For example, one paragraph can describe the appearance of a potbelly pig. Another paragraph can then describe the eating habits of a potbelly pig, and another can talk about how to care for potbelly pigs, health problems they're prone to, and so on.
• Make sure you stick to one main topic per paragraph.

• Go to your sources for support of the information you're listing. If you're talking about how potbelly pigs are prone to bacterial infections in the ear, you'll need a source that shows that this is true.

• Certain questions can help guide a good conclusion. Did you think of any new ideas about the animal you're researching? Are there any questions or concerns that need further research? What larger significance does your topic have in the bigger world?
• However, you should not suddenly introduce new information in the conclusion. Instead, you should speculate and reflect on the information provided. Think of a good closing line that will stay in readers' minds. You want to make sure your essay has an impact. [2] X Research source

Reviewing Your Work

• A good way to structure transitions is to make them a bridge between the old paragraph and the new. For example, to connect a paragraph on keeping a potbelly pig as a pet to a previous paragraph about eating habits, you could use something like this: "Although potbelly pigs can eat a variety of things in the wild, if you're keeping a potbelly pig as a pet, you need to be more careful about providing a balanced diet." The word Although sets up a connection between the ideas.
• Focus on clarity. You want to make sure the information is presented in as straightforward means as possible. If you notice any sentences that seem unclear in your first draft, work on rewording them in revision.

Community Q&A

• Pick an animal you would like to know about. This can help you have fun researching and writing. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

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How to write an animal report

Your teacher wants a written report on the beluga whale . Not to worry. Use these organizational tools from the Nat Geo Kids Almanac so you can stay afloat while writing a report.

STEPS TO SUCCESS:

Your report will follow the format of a descriptive or expository essay and should consist of a main idea, followed by supporting details and a conclusion. Use this basic structure for each paragraph as well as the whole report, and you’ll be on the right track.

Introduction

State your main idea .

The beluga whale is a common and important species of whale.

Provide supporting points for your main idea.

1. The beluga whale is one of the smallest whale species.

2. It is also known as the “white whale” because of its distinctive coloring.

3. These whales are common in the Arctic Ocean’s coastal waters.

Then expand on those points with further description, explanation, or discussion.

1a. Belugas range in size from 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6.1 m) in length.

2a. Belugas are born gray or brown. They fade to white at around five years old.

3a. Some Arctic belugas migrate south in large herds when sea ice freezes over.

Wrap it up with a summary of your whole paper.

Because of its unique coloring and unusual features, belugas are among the most familiar and easily distinguishable of all the whales.

Key Information

Here are some things you should consider including in your report:

What does your animal look like? To what other species is it related? How does it move? Where does it live? What does it eat? What are its predators? How long does it live? Is it endangered? Why do you find it interesting?

SEPARATE FACT FROM FICTION: Your animal may have been featured in a movie or in myths and legends. Compare and contrast how the animal has been portrayed with how it behaves in reality. For example, penguins can’t dance the way they do in Happy Feet.

PROOFREAD AND REVISE: As with any essay, when you’re finished, check for misspellings, grammatical mistakes, and punctuation errors. It often helps to have someone else proofread your work, too, as he or she may catch things you have missed. Also, look for ways to make your sentences and paragraphs even better. Add more descriptive language, choosing just the right verbs, adverbs, and adjectives to make your writing come alive.

BE CREATIVE: Use visual aids to make your report come to life. Include an animal photo file with interesting images found in magazines or printed from websites. Or draw your own! You can also build a miniature animal habitat diorama. Use creativity to help communicate your passion for the subject.

THE FINAL RESULT: Put it all together in one final, polished draft. Make it neat and clean, and remember to cite your references.

Download the pdf .

More resources

Homework help, science lab, (ad) national geographic kids almanac.

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Essay on Animals: How to Write a Persuasive Paper

• Shelter and Rescue Work
• Grassroots Advocacy
• Spay and Neuter

When writing a persuasive paper, your purpose is to convince your audience to agree with your idea or accept your recommendation for a course of action. If you’ve decided to write an essay on animals (either for a school assignment or for another purpose), here are the steps to follow.

1. Choose a topic

Some sample topics for an essay on animals include:

• Everyone should spay or neuter their pets .
• Adoption is the best option.
• Dogs should be treated as individuals, not discriminated against because of breed.
• Microchipping is important to keep pets with their families.

2. Research information on the topic

You can do research online and at the library, plus talk to experts in the field, to get more information. While reviewing the materials, look for interesting facts or tidbits that will hook your readers.

3. Create a flow chart 

4. Write the thesis statement for your paper

Now it's time to fill in the flow chart, first with your thesis statement. For example: "Everyone should spay or neuter their pets." This statement will go in the first box in your flow chart. The flow chart is a visual way to help you create an outline. An outline will help you organize the information in a logical order. Your finished product will have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

5. Write the reasons and supporting data

The body will contain the reasons and the supporting data listed on your flow chart. The body not only contains evidence to support your opinion but also addresses one or two opposing views. 

Be sure to include your counter-argument when stating the opposing view. For example, one opposing view to the above statement might be this: "Many people think that an animal who has been spayed or neutered will become lazy and fat." Your counter-argument could be this: "This is a misconception. The main reason pets become overweight is lack of exercise and overfeeding."

6. Note engaging facts

Keep the flow chart handy as you read through all the information you have gathered. In a separate place, write “Hooks and facts to grab the reader’s attention,” and as you review your material, jot down cool facts that you come across. For example: "Just one female cat and her offspring can produce an estimated 420,000 cats in only seven years."

7. Consider all angles

Be sure to address a wide variety of reasons to support your topic statement. For example: Think about pet overpopulation, overcrowded shelters, the costs to your city or town, the effects on pet health, and pet behavior. What would your audience find most important?

8. Expand each reason individually

Before writing your actual paper, keep your facts straight by writing each reason and the supporting evidence on separate sheets of paper or documents.

9. Write your essay

Write your first draft. Then, revise your outline and draft as needed until you have your final draft. If necessary, include a bibliography.

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Essay on Wild Animals

Students are often asked to write an essay on Wild Animals in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Wild Animals

Introduction.

Wild animals are creatures that live freely in nature, without human intervention. They are an essential part of the ecosystem, contributing to the balance of nature.

Types of Wild Animals

Wild animals and ecosystem.

Wild animals help maintain the ecosystem. Predators control the population of other animals, while herbivores aid in plant dispersion.

Threats to Wild Animals

Wild animals face threats like habitat loss, hunting, and climate change. Protecting them is crucial for a balanced ecosystem.

250 Words Essay on Wild Animals

Wild animals are an integral part of our planet’s biodiversity. They exist in varied ecosystems, ranging from the freezing Arctic to the scorching Sahara, each species uniquely adapted to its habitat. Their survival and prosperity are crucial for maintaining ecological balance.

Role in Ecosystem

Every wild animal plays a specific role in the ecosystem. Predators control the population of herbivores, preventing overgrazing. Scavengers and decomposers aid in nutrient recycling, ensuring soil fertility. Pollinators, like bees and butterflies, are critical for plant reproduction. Thus, each species’ extinction can trigger a domino effect, disrupting this delicate balance.

Unfortunately, human activities pose substantial threats to wild animals. Habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, and hunting are causing rapid biodiversity loss. Deforestation for agriculture and urbanization displaces animals, leading to conflicts with humans. Poaching for fur, ivory, or medicinal uses also threatens many species.

Conservation Efforts

To mitigate these threats, conservation efforts are underway globally. Protected areas like national parks and wildlife sanctuaries have been established, providing safe habitats for animals. Legal measures against hunting and trade of endangered species are also in place. However, these efforts need to be strengthened, and public awareness about the importance of wild animals must be increased.

500 Words Essay on Wild Animals

The vitality of wild animals.

Wild animals are an integral part of our ecosystem and biodiversity. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature, contributing to the health and functionality of the world’s ecosystems. These animals, each with their unique characteristics and behaviors, contribute to the diversity of life forms on Earth.

The Role of Wild Animals in Ecosystems

Wild animals have significant roles in the ecosystem. Predators help control the population of various species, preventing overpopulation and ensuring the balance of the ecosystem. Herbivores, on the other hand, contribute to the propagation of plant species by spreading seeds. Moreover, animals like bees and butterflies play a vital role in pollination, which is essential for plant reproduction.

Despite their importance, wild animals face numerous threats. Habitat loss due to urbanization, deforestation, and climate change is one of the most pressing issues. As humans continue to encroach on their habitats, these animals struggle to survive. Poaching and illegal wildlife trade also pose significant threats. Many species are hunted for their fur, horns, or other body parts, leading to a decline in their populations.

Given the threats to wild animals, conservation efforts are now more critical than ever. Governments, non-profit organizations, and individuals worldwide are implementing various strategies to protect and conserve wildlife. These include establishing and managing protected areas, enforcing anti-poaching laws, and promoting sustainable practices that minimize human impact on wildlife habitats.

The Importance of Education and Awareness

Education and awareness are key to wildlife conservation. By understanding the importance of wild animals and the threats they face, people can make informed decisions that contribute to conservation efforts. This includes adopting sustainable practices, supporting conservation organizations, and advocating for policies that protect wildlife.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

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Essay On Animals

500+ words essay on animals, the different animal species and their importance.

The planet we live on is home to both humans and animals. An animal is a living creature, which is part of a group of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. These organisms have special sense organs and nervous systems and are capable of locomotion and reproduction. All animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide and with the exception of a few, most animals consume organic matter. 

Animals are very important for the environment. We need them for several things from companionship to food and even balancing the ecosystem. There are several species of animals in the world and they live on land and water. Each of these animals has a unique place in the environment and are crucial to maintain the balance of the ecosystem. And each of them has a purpose for their existence. The study of animals is called biology.

In this essay on animals, you’ll learn about the different species of animals and how they’re classified. This essay on animals also talks about the importance of animals.

Essay On Animals: The Different Species Of Animals

Animals are divided into different groups or species in Biology. It is estimated that the world has over 7 million species of animals. According to biology, animals can be classified into two groups, vertebrates and invertebrates. 

Vertebrates

All animals that have a backbone are called vertebrates. Vertebrates can be further classified into 5 groups, mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles.

• Mammals: These are warm-blooded animals that have hair or fur and vertebrates (a backbone). Most mammals give birth to their young ones and produce milk to feed and nourish their young ones. Some examples of mammals are human beings, cats, dogs, cows, lions, dolphins, whales etc.
• Birds: Birds are warm-blooded animals with feathers, wings and a light skeleton, which helps them fly. But, some birds like ostriches, penguins, emus, kiwis, cassowary etc cannot fly. Birds lay eggs and hatch them to give birth to their young ones. Some examples of birds are crows, ducks, swans, geese, chickens, pigeons, peacocks etc.
• Fish: Fish are cold blooded vertebrates that live in water. They have fins and scales that help them swim in the water. Like birds, fish also lay eggs to reproduce. Some examples of fish are sharks, clownfish, salmon, eels, seahorses etc.
• Amphibians: Amphibians are vertebrates that live on both land and water. These cold blooded animals need a moist environment to survive. They breathe through their skin by absorbing water. Like birds and fish, amphibians also reproduce by laying eggs. Some examples of amphibians are frogs, toads, salamanders, etc
• Reptiles:  Reptiles are cold blooded animals with a backbone and live on land and water. Their skin is covered with scales or bony plates. Reptiles give birth to their young ones by laying eggs. Some examples of reptiles are snakes, lizards, geckos, crocodiles, turtles etc.

Invertebrates

Invertebrates are animals, which do not have a backbone. About 95% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates, which are mostly insects. The eight different types of invertebrates, which can be found today are: annelida, arthropoda, cnidaria, echinodermata, mollusca, nematoda, platyhelminthes and porifera. Some examples of invertebrates are mosquitoes, spiders, earthworm, jellyfish, snails, squid, bees etc.

Classifying Animals Based On Food

Like us humans, animals also need food to survive. Animals can be further classified into 3 kinds based on what they eat. 

• Carnivores: Animals that eat the meat of other animals to survive are called carnivores or carnivorous animals. For example tigers, lions, hyenas, sharks, hawks, eagles etc. 
• Herbivores: These animals eat only plants, their leaves, fruits and vegetables. Some examples of herbivorous animals are cows, horses, elephants, deer, rabbits, butterflies, silkworms etc.
• Omnivores: Animals, which eat both plants and animals are called omnivorous animals. Some examples of omnivores are human beings, wolves, raccoons, bears, dogs, rats, skunks etc.

Also explore: Read some more essay on animals with Essay on Cat , Essay On Dog and Essay On Tiger .

Essay On Animals: The Importance Of Animals

Animals are important for the environment and even our lives. They serve as our companions, our eyes and ears, our workers and even provide us with food. They are extremely vital to maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem. 

• Animals for transportation: Since early ages, humans have used animals for transportation. Horses, camels, oxen and donkeys have pulled carts and aided in transportation for a long time. Even in today’s modern world, animals are used for transportation in some countries.
• Animals as companions: Domestic animals and pets like dogs, cats, pigs etc have served as loyal companions to humans for centuries. These days, animals like service dogs serve as help for visually impaired people, emotional support for people with special needs etc. 
• Animals for food: Humans have consumed animals and animal products like meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese etc for ages. 
• Animals as workers: We humans often use animals for tasks like guarding, farming, hunting and protecting. For example, guard dogs, oxen for farming, hunting dogs etc.
• A balanced ecosystem: Each animal in the world has a unique place in the food chain and contributes to the ecosystem in their own way. For example, bees and birds help in pollination. Carnivorous animals keep the population of other animals in check. They are also necessary for contributing to the carbon and nitrogen cycle and decomposition. 

Humans and animals have to learn to coexist. A healthy ecosystem is dependent on relationships between different organisms, food webs and food chains. Protecting animals is important because it could have disastrous consequences on our ecosystem. Additionally, they have an equal right to survive in this world just as much as humans.

We hope you found this essay on animals interesting and helpful. Check Osmo’s essays for kids to explore more essays on a wide variety of topics. 

Frequently Asked Questions On Animals

What are animals.

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that have special sense organs and nervous systems. They breathe in oxygen, consume organic matter and are capable of reproduction and locomotion.

How are animals classified?

Animals are classified into two main types: vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals with fur and a backbone. These vertebrates can be further classified into mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. Invertebrates are animals that don’t have a backbone. 95% of the animals in the animal kingdom are invertebrates.

How are animals important for humans?

Animals are extremely important for us humans. We use them for food, transportation, companionship, as workers, for medicine etc. They are also important to maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem.

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Animals - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

The domain of animals encompasses a vast diversity of species that interact with humans in numerous ways, ranging from companionship to wildlife conservation concerns. Essays on animals could explore the biological diversity, behaviors, and habitats of different species, as well as delve into ethical, environmental, and socio-economic aspects related to animals. Discussions might cover topics like animal rights, conservation efforts, human-animal relationships, and the impact of habitat loss and climate change on wildlife. Through examining the historical and contemporary interactions between humans and animals, these essays can provide insight into the broader implications of these relationships and the importance of responsible stewardship. We’ve gathered an extensive assortment of free essay samples on the topic of Animals you can find at Papersowl. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Relationship between Humans and Animals

Humans and animals across the globe have had coexistence together for quite a while now and this has been amazing since the relationship is great. The relationship between the two groups of which they are different beings can be described from two angles of both the positive and the negative parts. This essay simply examines the given theoretical arguments that create the relationship between the humans and animals to be smooth. In the modern society, humans have taken the step […]

Keeping Animals in Zoos is Cruel?

How would you feel if you had bars surrounding you, faces peering in every minute of the day, and being taken out of your natural habitat? Having animals in a zoo is simply cruel to the animal. Most people get entertained by watching animals in zoos and knowing more about their behaviors. However, others believe that it is not right to keep animals trapped in zoos because that is not where they belong. One argument in favor of keeping animals […]

Should Zoos Exist or be Banned?

 Bang! Boom! Clinking! Rattle! Zoos have millions of animals, but there are kids who bang on the glass of exhibits and shake the animals cages, when the animals are in them. There are also animals dying in zoos. Even zoos with to little space. That’s horrendous for animals who live in zoos. Zoos should be banned for eternity because; the animals have barely any space, zoos are killing innocent animals, people taunt/ abuse them. To begin, people taunt and abuse […]

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We Need to Protect Endangered Animals

   The issue of Endangered Animals is important because Healthy ecosystems depend on animal species as their foundations and ‘’The American tourism industry is dependent on plant and animal species and their ecosystems for their multi-billion dollar, job-intensive industry’’(Endangered Species Coalition). This issue is debatable because while some believe that once the animals that are endangered go extinct will affect the human population negatively, others believe that it does not matter at all if endangered animals die off for good.,My […]

Nature and Animals 1984 Essay

In George Orwell's 1984, the reader follows a middle-aged man named Winston Smith. In Winston's society, people can be under surveillance at any time, in any place. The reader follows Winston through his affair with a woman named Julia, and the consequences that they face after. Throughout 1984, many motifs are represented, one of them being nature and animals. The motif of nature/animals demonstrates how Orwell connects characters in his book to animals. In 1984, the first time the reader […]

The Definition of Animal Cruelty

The definition of animal cruelty is the infliction by omission or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human. A car like any other is driving down the street, rain pounding on the windshield. The girl in the passenger seat sees a dark blur on the side of the road. She focuses on it, and sees a soaked dog, whose fur is severely matted, and covered in mud. Its tail had no wag, and it was so […]

Adopting Animals is Better than Obtaining them from Breeders or Pet Stores

Today there are distinctive methods by which an individual can get a pet. The individual can either go to a shelter to adopt a pet, or they can purchase their pet from a breeder or pet store. Either of these places can an individual get a pet, however one is superior to the other. Pet stores and shelters use cash for various purposes, regardless of whether it is for a worthy or unworthy cause. Shelters use money to spare the […]

Should Animals be Kept in Zoos and Aquariums?

For years animals have been kept in zoos and aquariums for the sole purpose of entertainment. These animals have no choice when it comes to deciding weather they are kept in captivity or not. This is because when it comes to animal welfare in the United States there is no laws in place to protect them. The only thing close to it the animal welfare act ""which requires a minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals […]

The Moral Debate: Animal Rights Vs. Human Interests

In the article “All Animals Are Equal” by Peter Singer he argues that there is no reason to deny that animals are equal to humans in many ways. He elaborates on the term speciesism (the exploitation of animal,) and how it is wrong and needs to be stopped. He claims that our pleasure is not a valid reason for animals suffering. In this paper, I will argue how this fails, I am going to argue the point of view that […]

Cloning in Farm Animals

Although cloning may not seem to be a huge practice, it has been done several times in different breeds of animals. Everyone has heard of Dolly the sheep, right? She is the first, and most famous, clone in the world. Cloning is a complex process that lets one exactly copy the genetic, or inherited, traits of an animal(FDA, 2017). The cloning of livestock began in 1996, with Dolly, and has become more prevalent in the years since. There are many […]

Different Types of Animals at the Zoo

There are many types of animals at the zoo. Giraffes are one of the most loved animals at the zoo. Giraffes are the tallest animal on planet Earth. Their legs are about 6 feet long, and they can run as fast as 35 miles an hour. Giraffes only need to drink water every few days, and a giraffe's neck is too short to reach the ground, so they have to spread its front legs to reach groundwater. Giraffes feed off […]

How Animal Behavior Affects Adoption Rates

"The statistics are staggering at the amount of animals that wind up in animal shelters and humane societies across the country. While purchasing an animal from a registered purebred breeder is perfectly within the rights of an individual, we are facing a crisis in this country of over population. Ideally, every animal would have a home and every home would have an animal. However, that being said, that is not the case that we are currently facing. Millions of animals […]

Going Vegan for the Animals

For as long as I can remember, I always loved animals but I never asked myself as an animal lover if it was okay to eat other animals but now that I look back,I feel like a hypocrite, loving one animal and eating another. And I always ask myself why I didn’t think of it earlier but the reason I didn’t was because the people around me ate meat like it was okay and so it was normal for me […]

Using Animals for Medical Testing is both Ethical and Essential?

In this Argumentative essay I have chosen to talk about Animal testing and why I think it is needed in today's work of medicines and cures. I will be given you four main facts on why I believe it is still very helpful to us humans and even helpful to the animals themselves. Honestly speaking people have become so sensitive in today's environments about many things like animal feelings, or they think like us humans. They truly forgotten that these […]

The Americans for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ASPCA

Introduction Service learning and community partnership incorporates academic learning into service projects that becomes more common and popular in today's community. What it does is teaches us about the history and needs of the agency being helped as well as seeing positive changes that their involvement makes. Just by incorporating different aspects of learning into community service, we can become invested in their work and more likely to stay committed to the cause. The cause of the agency is to […]

Cruelty to Animals and Animal Testing

Animal cruelty can be defined in many ways: Being violent to animals in any way, failure to provide for animals, being neglectful to animals. Also causing animals psychological harm in the form of distress, torment or terror may also constitute animal cruelty (RSPCA). For example when picking out eyeliner or other makeup products, do people stop to see at the stores what kind of makeup they are buying and using? People could be supporting animal testing and cruelty and not […]

Industrial Farm Animal Welfare in the United States

Industrial farm animal welfare is horrendous, only two federal laws protect these animals which proves this true. Firstly, the law regarding trucking animals states that every 28 hours they are unloaded from the truck for rest, water and food. Trucks aren't required to be cleaned during this rest period. Meaning the livestock has to stand in feces during travel. Secondly, livestock be quickly rendered insensible to pain before being slaughtered. These laws aren't actively enforced leading to increased animal cruelty. […]

It’s Wrong to Use Animals in Zoos and Circuses

We think of wildlife as running on the prairie, or swimming through the forest, or swimming in the ocean - but in reality, it's more of a picture on the TV screen. Zoos and circuses are ""animal prisons"" set up to satisfy human curiosity by exploiting animals freedom, this can never be ethical. Though the animals cannot talk, they are suffering silently in captivity. They are far from their natural surroundings, humans turned their natural habitats to entertain us in […]

Is Staying in a Zoo Safe for Animals

Many people have always questioned If being captive behind a cage is good or bad for animals. According to National Geographic, ""zoos have been around since before 2500 BC, but the first U.S. zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo, opened in 1874""(Andrew). Americans have been keeping wild animals in captivity for almost 150 years (Andrew). There has always been day to day controversial situation involving animals in zoos. For example, some people say zoos are an amazing way for people to learn […]

Housing Animals in Zoos is Inhumane

In the recent times, the practice of housing animals in zoos has become a major problem and a point of debate among different stakeholders, zoo advocated and animal rights advocates across the world. Everybody has a different opinion on the issue with some advocating for the act while others are against it. For instance, in the article Increasing Legal Rights for Zoo Animals, the author stated that, animal rights activists, have been arguing that, housing animals in zoos violates their […]

Freeing Animals from Zoos

Picture living in a cage from birth to death. Those are the types of things animals go through every single day until they die. Zoos may seem like these amazing places where tourists get a chance to learn about these animals. Inside of these exhibits, animals are either tortured, abused, or even killed. Many zoos are known for taking animals from their families to either impress a crowd or train to be in a circus. Animals have been on this […]

What is Animal Cruelty?

Animal cruelty is the act of humans inflicting harm and suffering onto an animal. This can include neglect, animal fighting, and overt abuse. In the United States, an animal is abused every ten seconds. Animal protection organizations are working to stop animal cruelty everywhere. Many of these organizations believe in animal rights and animal welfare. Animal rights activists usually go to the extremes, and will even break laws to make a statement to the public. One point of contention for […]

Animals in Zoos

Animals shouldn't be kept in the zoo. Tigers and lions have around 18,000 times less space in zoos than they would in the wild. ” 75% of elephants were overweight and only 16% could walk normally, the remainder having various degrees of lameness. Lions in zoos spend 48% of their time pacing, a recognized sign of behavioral problems. Zoos spend millions on keeping animals confined, while natural habitats are destroyed and animals killed as there is insufficient funding for protection. […]

Experimenting on Animals

As the years pass, more and more animals are being terrorized and are being used for testing. Animal testing is when they use animals to test out cosmetics, medicinal products, household cleaners, chemicals, etc (Humane Society International). 'Peta' one of the many animal rights groups had only 18 members just four years ago. Now there are more than 23,000 supporters(Robins). The number of people in this group shows how much they are wanting a stop to come to this. This […]

The Practice of Dissection of Animals

The response to intense pressure from American Humane, congress passed a bill prohibiting the practice of dissection of animals.In schools because that is how innocent animals die, scientist who perform the procedure under governmental regulation and supervision.Along with the international ladies garment workers union american formed a major committee to limit child labor in the emerging textile industry in the south.And also American Humane advocated for the rights of children in divorce cases. American Humane incorporated under federal law as […]

Homosexuality Behavior is Exhibited through all Types of Species of Animals

We as a species are the only ones to grasp an understanding of it through biological, psychological and social aspect. We can view how biology,psychology and social play factors into why are gay ro why they might hide the fact that they are. I will be discussing how this mainly affects male homosexuals in general. Most cases are focused on the male narrative of homosexuality in the aspect that males are the mainly subjects in biological study, socially are more […]

Biological Behavior of Altruism

The selfless act of the aliens made me think of the biological behavior of altruism. Altruism is an action that is costly to the organism that performs it but is beneficial to the other organism (West et al., 2007). West indicated differences between reciprocal and week altruism. Reciprocal altruism takes place between nonrelatives and happens when individuals take turns helping each other. This is termed "reciprocal" because the individual with favor helping an individual that has helped them in the […]

The Euthanizing of Zoo Animals in European Zoos

In Europe, zoos have been euthanizing healthy animals. The zoos are killing animals because the zoos want to prevent inbreeding between animals and help with gene control. Zoos want to make sure that not too much of one gene is over represented. The euthanization of a healthy zoo animal helps to prevent inbreeding and gene control. However, there are many other ways to approach the issue without euthanization. The zoos are concerned about inbreeding between animals because it can lead […]

How Humanity Influence on Animals

The rise in the human population has lead to a decrease in overall biodiversity. One prime example of how specific species are affected is the whale shark. The whale shark is a suction-filter feeder and is the largest extant fish-like vertebrate (Martin, 2007). They have laterally placed and small circular eyes. It is believed that whale sharks are capable of discerning movement at close range even though they have low visual acuity. It is mostly unknow on how they filter-feed […]

Zoo Animals

The unfair treatment of zoo animals is heartbreaking. People capturing wild animals and keeping them in captivity is inhumane and cruel. These animals are used to natural spacious environments, so forcefully taking them from their homes and putting them into secluded cages is harmful to their physical, social, and emotional health. The zoo enclosures offer no natural predator or food sources to hunt, so the animals will lose their instincts that are necessary for survival in the wild. This bounds […]

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Essay on Animals | Animals Essay for Students and Children in English

Essay on Animals: The Earth is not just our home planet, but the home to many animals. Since the beginning of time, animals have inhabited the plant, serving as a friend and foe to humans. Humans used animals for transportation protection as well as hunting.

There are different species, such as amphibians, reptiles, mammals, insects, and birds; the population is widespread. Animals are not just fellow inhabitants but an essential part of our ecosystem. However, many of these animals face the threat of extinction due to the actions of humankind. Environmentalists and international organizations such as PETA and WWF have raised the conservation of many species.

Long Essay regarding Animals 500 Words in English

Short essay on animals 200 words in english for kids, 10 lines on animals essay in english.

• What are some of the species of the animal kingdom?
• How do animals help ecology?
• Mention some organizations for wildlife conservation.
• When is Wildlife Day commemorated?

Long and Short Essays on Animals for Students and Kids in English

There is one long essay on animals of 500 words and one short essay of 200 words on animals.

Long essay on Animals is for students of Classes 8,9 and 10 and competitive exam aspirants.

The Earth is home to many creatures. Animals have been the inhabitants of this planet, along with humans. Historically, animals were used for transportation, protection, as well as for hunting. Animals have been companions to man since time immemorial.

Animals are the kingdom while classifying their species. There are a variety of species present under this, with their presence spanning across the world. Amphibians primarily require a moist environment as they breathe and absorb through thin skins. Some amphibians include frogs, salamanders, toads, and caecilians. Mammals are vertebrates and warm-blooded. Females have mammary glands to feed their young ones and have a thick coat of fur. Mammals include carnivores, bears, rodents, etc. Reptiles are vertebrates, but lay eggs. Some of them have scales. Common reptiles are lizards, turtles, and snakes.

Insects have an exoskeleton. They have three pairs of legs, a head, thorax, and abdomen. Beetles, ants, and bees are some insects. Birds have wings, beaks, and feathers such as eagles, pigeons, crows, and sparrows. There are many species of animals that are domesticated as well, such as dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, etc.

Animals are vital to the ecosystem. Animals have different purposes when it comes to the environment. Even microorganisms help to clean our planet. Many animals aide plants to converting free nitrogen present in the air and nourishing the roots and a crucial role in sustaining ecological balance. Predatory animals keep the population in the animal population controlled. Animals that feed on plants help to control plant growth. They also provide us with the food required for our survival. Poultry, dairy, and meat serve as essentials to many cultures and their diets. Animals are one of the oldest companions of humans.

However, many species face the threat of extinction. Urbanization causes cutting down forests to meet the needs of the growing human population. Cutting down forests has led to a loss of habitat for many animals. Habitat destruction has caused damage to animal life. Lions and bears traditionally hunted for their fur, elephants for their ivory tusks, and alligators for leather sell in black markets. Torturing animals and locking them in cages affects their wellbeing. Dumping effluents into water bodies affect marine life. Global warming also affects animals, with dried up water bodies and seasonal changes that have consequences on these species. Using animals to test human-made drugs has received widespread criticism as the animals suffer irreparable damages.

The importance of conserving animals has been recognized all over the world. International organizations such as the PETA and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) aim to spread awareness on preservation. Countries have strict laws for animal conservation. The Indian government has many wildlife protection projects such as Project Tiger and Project Elephant, animals whose populations are decreasing drastically.

World Wildlife Day is commemorated on the 3rd of March every year. An initiative by the United Nations, 2020’s theme is “Sustaining all life on Earth” to meet sustainable development goals. It is vital to conserve animals as the Earth is there home as much as it is ours.

Students can find more English Essay Writing Topics, Ideas, Easy Tips to Write Essay Writing and many more.

Short Essay on Animals will help students of Classes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6.

Earth is the home to many animals. They are man’s companion. Animals have various species. Amphibians have thin skin through which they absorb and breathe. Frogs and toads are some examples. Mammals have a coat of fur and warm-blooded like lions, tigers, and bears. Reptiles lay eggs and cold-blooded. Some reptiles include snakes and crocodiles. Insects and birds are a part of the animal kingdom.

Animals help our environment. They provide nutrition to the soil, and they are a source of food. Predatory animals like lions and tigers help to control the animal population. They help in agriculture as well. However, animals face the threat of extinction. Man cuts down many forests to build homes and factories while animals lose their home. Hunters torture animals and kill them for leather, fur, and ivory. Caging animals and keeping them away from their habitat affects their well-being. Water bodies polluted with harmful substances affect the animals that live in water.

We need to protect animals because the Earth is not just our home; it belongs to them as well. They are the faithful companions of man. Every year we celebrate the 3rd of March as World Wildlife Day to spread the message of protecting our animals.

These ten lines are helpful for competitive exam aspirants and making speeches.

Animals have been companions to man since time immemorial.

Animals are the kingdom while classifying their species. There are a variety of species.

Amphibians primarily require a moist environment and breathe through their thin skins. Some amphibians include frogs, salamanders, toads, and caecilians.

Mammals are vertebrates and warm-blooded. Females have mammary glands to feed their young ones and have a coat of fur. Mammals include carnivores, bears, rodents, etc.

Reptiles are another species that are vertebrates but coldblooded and lay eggs, such as crocodiles and snakes. Insects and birds are also different species of animals.

Animals play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. Predatory animals keep populations in the animal population controlled, and feed on plants help to control growth. Animals are a source of food such as poultry, dairy, and meat.

Cutting down forests has led to a loss of habitat for many animals. Lions and bears traditionally hunted for their fur, elephants for their ivory tusks, and alligators for leather sell in black markets.

Caging animals and keeping them away from their habitat affects their wellbeing. Water bodies polluted with harmful substances affect marine life.

Organizations like PETA and WWF spread awareness and work towards the conservation of animals. The Indian government has undertaken many wildlife protection projects such as Project Tiger and Project Elephant.

World Wildlife Day is commemorated on the 3rd of March every year. An initiative by the United Nations, 2020’s theme is “Sustaining all life on Earth” to meet sustainable development goals.

FAQ’s on Essay on Animals

Question 1. What are some of the species of the animal kingdom?

Answer: Some of the species of the animal kingdom include amphibians, reptiles, mammals, insects, and birds.

Question 2. How do animals help ecology?

Answer: Animals help to maintain the ecosystem. Microorganisms help to clean our planet. Many animals’ aide plants to converting free nitrogen present in the air and nourishing the roots. Predatory animals keep the population in the animal population controlled. Animals that feed on plants help to control plant growth.

Question 3. Mention some organizations for wildlife conservation?

Answer: Some organizations are PETA, WWF, or World Wide Fund for Nature and Wildlife Conservation Society.

Question 4. When is Wildlife Day commemorated?

Answer: World Wildlife Day is commemorated on the 3rd of March every year.

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Essay Topics About Animals to Help You Brainstorm Ideas

Updated 18 Apr 2024

From middle school to college, we are often required to write all kinds of essays. This includes persuasive, informative, argumentative, and other types of essays. Animal essays can be in any of these categories, but the point is the same - their focus is on exciting topics concerning living creatures.

Luckily, there are a lot of animals essay topics, and many of them are controversial. But coming up with a good topic isn’t always that easy. It’s essential to have the correct facts to support your claims while hitting that “sweet spot” where all people will have an opinion on the topic.

This can often be difficult if you love animals because you’re emotionally involved, and everything about these creatures is important to you. That’s why we’ve decided to share some advice and topic suggestions with you.

Finding the Right Essay Topics about Animals 

Humans and living creatures have a long history together. That’s why there are so many different topics to explore. You can talk about zoos, animal rights, human interaction with them, as well as whether any living creatures should be used for testing, and so much more.

If you’re wondering how to write a persuasive essay , here are some tips that can help you come up with the right topic and come up with a proper structure for your animal essay. 

• Ensure there’s enough research!

All of the topics connected to worlds’ living things you choose need to have the right information to support your claims. Ensure whether there’s enough research for a topic and, more importantly, useful facts that will give your credibility. 

• Understand the topic! 

When you come up with a topic, take a deeper look into it. What will it have to cover? What is the relevant information for that topic? How many words will it need? Take the time to understand what this topic will encompass. 

• Find a question that hasn’t been answered! 

Think about a topic that interests you and you don’t know the answer to. This will make the whole process more interesting for you. At the same time, it will make it easier to include relevant information in your essay. Curiosity might have killed the cat, but it will help you kill with your essay.

List of Essay Topics about Animals

To help you brainstorm a topic for your essay, we’ve gathered a list of 170 topics. These topics can work really well, but it’s crucial to rely on your intuition and interests when choosing one. You must be sure that you’ll be able to write the paper.

Animal Rights and Ethics Topics

• The moral implications of animal testing in cosmetics.
• Should animals have the same rights as humans?
• The ethical considerations of keeping animals in zoos.
• The debate over hunting for sport: Conservation tool or cruelty?
• Animal labor: The use of animals in entertainment industries.
• The impact of factory farming on animal welfare.
• Ethical dilemmas in medical research using animals.
• The legality of animal fights: Tradition vs. animal rights.
• The morality of using animals for educational dissections.
• Veganism as an ethical stance against animal exploitation.
• The role of animal rights organizations in legislation.
• The ethics of pet breeding practices.
• Animal rights in the fashion industry: Fur and leather debate.
• The controversy over animal euthanasia in shelters.
• The ethical implications of genetic modification of animals.
• The use of animals in military and police work.
• Animal rights vs. cultural traditions and practices.
• The ethics of wildlife photography and observation.
• The impact of animal rights on food industry practices.
• Ethical considerations of animal rescue and rehabilitation.

Wildlife Conservation Essay Topics

• The role of national parks in wildlife conservation.
• The effects of climate change on biodiversity.
• Strategies for combating wildlife trafficking and poaching.
• The importance of coral reefs and efforts to save them.
• Conservation challenges for migratory species.
• The impact of deforestation on wildlife habitats.
• Marine conservation: Protecting oceanic biodiversity.
• The role of zoos in conservation and species preservation.
• Rewilding: Restoring natural habitats and reintroducing species.
• The plight of endangered species: Causes and solutions.
• The impact of invasive species on native wildlife.
• Conservation genetics: Using science to save species.
• The role of community-based conservation efforts.
• The impact of pollution on wildlife health and habitats.
• The significance of wildlife corridors in conservation.
• The challenges of conserving urban wildlife.
• The role of technology in wildlife conservation.
• The importance of global treaties in wildlife protection.
• The impact of ecotourism on conservation efforts.
• The role of education in promoting wildlife conservation.

Animal Behavior and Cognition Essay Topics

• The intelligence of dolphins and their communication methods.
• Bird migration patterns and the mysteries behind them.
• The social structures of wolf packs.
• Animal emotions: Do animals feel like humans?
• The cognitive abilities of primates compared to humans.
• The phenomenon of animal play: Purpose and benefits.
• The mating rituals of different animal species.
• Animal problem-solving skills and tool use.
• The impact of domestication on animal behavior.
• Communication methods in the animal kingdom.
• The role of pheromones in animal behavior.
• Parental care strategies in the wild.
• The effects of captivity on animal behavior.
• Navigation and homing instincts in animals.
• The study of animal personalities.
• Behavioral adaptations for survival.
• The role of memory in animal behavior.
• Social learning and imitation in animals.
• Territorial behavior and its ecological impact.
• The influence of environmental changes on animal behavior.

Human-Animal Interactions Essay Topics

• The benefits of pet ownership on human health.
• The history of domestication of animals.
• The role of animals in therapy and rehabilitation.
• Ethical considerations of pet ownership.
• The impact of service animals on individuals with disabilities.
• Cultural differences in human-animal relationships.
• The psychological effects of losing a pet.
• The growing trend of urban farming and its implications.
• The role of animals in human societies throughout history.
• The impact of pets on child development.
• The legal status of animals as property or sentient beings.
• The phenomenon of internet-famous pets and their influence.
• The challenges of wildlife encounters in urban areas.
• The role of animals in human rituals and traditions.
• The impact of human activity on wildlife populations.
• Ethical considerations of pet cloning.
• The debate over keeping exotic animals as pets.
• The role of animals in educational settings.
• The psychological benefits of human-animal bonding.
• The impact of animal-assisted interventions in healthcare.

Animal Health and Veterinary Medicine Essay Topics

• Advances in veterinary medicine for wildlife conservation.
• The challenge of antibiotic resistance in veterinary practice.
• The role of vaccines in preventing animal diseases.
• Ethical considerations in euthanasia of animals.
• The impact of nutrition on pet health.
• Emerging diseases in wildlife and their implications for humans.
• The importance of spaying and neutering pets.
• Rehabilitation techniques for injured wildlife.
• The role of veterinary forensics in animal welfare cases.
• The impact of parasites on animal health.
• Zoonotic diseases: Transmission from animals to humans.
• The use of technology in veterinary medicine.
• The challenges of veterinary care in rural areas.
• Animal welfare standards in veterinary practice.
• The role of genetics in animal health and disease.
• The ethical implications of animal testing in veterinary research.
• The importance of mental health care for animals.
• The impact of environmental toxins on animal health.
• The role of alternative medicine in veterinary care.
• The challenges of diagnosing and treating exotic pets.

Animals in Agriculture Essay Topics

• The impact of livestock farming on the environment.
• Ethical considerations of factory farming practices.
• The role of animals in sustainable agriculture.
• The impact of genetic selection on livestock health and welfare.
• The challenges of disease management in livestock farming.
• The benefits and drawbacks of organic farming for animal welfare.
• The role of bees in agriculture and efforts to protect them.
• The impact of climate change on livestock and crop production.
• The use of technology in improving agricultural efficiency and animal welfare.
• Ethical considerations of animal slaughter for food.
• The role of aquaculture in meeting global food demands.
• The impact of agricultural policies on animal welfare.
• The challenges of maintaining biodiversity in agricultural practices.
• The role of livestock in rural economies.
• The impact of feed production on environmental sustainability.
• The ethical implications of hormone and antibiotic use in livestock.
• The role of animals in permaculture systems.
• The impact of livestock grazing on land management.
• The challenges of transitioning to cruelty-free animal products.
• The future of lab-grown meat and its implications for agriculture.

Endangered Species and Extinction Essay Topics

• The causes and consequences of animal extinction.
• Conservation efforts for critically endangered species.
• The role of captive breeding programs in species preservation.
• The impact of habitat destruction on biodiversity.
• The challenges of protecting marine species.
• The role of international law in combating wildlife trafficking.
• The impact of climate change on endangered species.
• The ethics of de-extinction: Bringing extinct species back to life.
• The role of zoos in endangered species conservation.
• The impact of human population growth on wildlife habitats.
• The challenges of reintroducing species into the wild.
• The role of community conservation efforts in protecting endangered species.
• The role of technology in monitoring and protecting endangered species.
• The importance of genetic diversity in conservation efforts.
• The impact of pollution on endangered species.
• The role of ecotourism in supporting conservation efforts.
• The challenges of balancing human needs and wildlife conservation.
• The role of education in promoting awareness of endangered species.
• The future of endangered species: Hope and challenges.

Animal Intelligence and Emotion Essay Topics

• The evidence of emotional experiences in animals.
• The intelligence of crows and other corvids.
• The concept of animal consciousness and self-awareness.
• The emotional bonds between animals and humans.
• The problem-solving abilities of octopuses.
• The use of language and communication in animal species.
• The capacity for grief and mourning in animals.
• The implications of animal intelligence for ethical treatment.
• The role of play behavior in animal cognition.
• The intelligence of elephants and their social structures.
• The emotional lives of farm animals.
• The cognitive abilities of marine mammals.
• The impact of environmental enrichment on animal welfare.
• Animal intelligence: Comparing across species.
• The capacity for empathy and altruism in animals.
• The implications of animal intelligence for conservation efforts.
• The study of animal intelligence: Methods and challenges.
• The impact of captivity on animal cognition and emotion.
• The future of research in animal intelligence and emotion.

Animals and Climate Change Essay Topics

• The impact of climate change on polar bear populations.
• The role of animals in mitigating climate change effects.
• The impact of ocean acidification on marine life.
• The challenges of climate change for migratory species.
• The adaptation strategies of animals to climate change.
• The role of wildlife in carbon sequestration.
• The impact of melting ice caps on arctic fauna.
• The effects of extreme weather events on animal habitats.
• The role of conservation efforts in protecting species from climate change.
• The impact of drought on terrestrial wildlife.
• The challenges of habitat shifts due to climate change.
• The impact of climate change on biodiversity hotspots.
• The role of animals in ecosystem resilience to climate change.
• The impact of rising sea levels on coastal habitats and species.
• The effects of climate change on predator-prey dynamics.
• The challenges of conserving climate change-affected coral reefs.
• The impact of climate change on infectious disease patterns in wildlife.
• The role of animal behavior in adapting to changing climates.
• The impact of deforestation on climate change and wildlife.
• The future of wildlife conservation in the face of climate change.

Animals in Literature and Mythology Topics

• The symbolism of animals in world mythology.
• Animals as characters in children's literature.
• The role of animals in folklore and fairy tales.
• The depiction of animals in classical literature.
• Animals as metaphors in modern literature.
• The cultural significance of mythical creatures.
• The representation of animals in indigenous stories.
• Animals in religious texts: Symbolism and significance.
• The role of animals in dystopian literature.
• The portrayal of human-animal relationships in novels.
• The symbolism of animals in poetry.
• The depiction of animals in science fiction and fantasy.
• The role of animals in conveying moral lessons in literature.
• The representation of extinct and mythical animals in literature.
• The use of animal narrators in storytelling.
• The portrayal of animal intelligence and emotion in literature.
• The impact of anthropomorphism in children's literature.
• The role of animals in illustrating cultural values and norms.
• The depiction of animals in war literature.
• The future of animal representation in literature and media.

Conclusion 

Go through our list of animal essay topics to find inspiration. Take the time to choose the right subject, and we guarantee you will write a better essay. Not only this, but it will actually be fun!

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Written by David Kidwell

David is one of those experienced content creators from the United Kingdom who has a high interest in social issues, culture, and entrepreneurship. He always says that reading, blogging, and staying aware of what happens in the world is what makes a person responsible. He likes to learn and share what he knows by making things inspiring and creative enough even for those students who dislike reading.

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Essay on Animals

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Animals have been an integral part of our planet’s diverse ecosystem for millions of years. They come in all shapes, sizes, and species, each contributing to the balance and beauty of our natural world. The animal kingdom is a fascinating realm filled with remarkable creatures, each with its unique adaptations, behaviors, and roles in the ecosystem. In this essay, we will delve into the incredible world of animals, exploring their diversity, significance, and the crucial role they play in maintaining the delicate balance of our planet.

Diversity of the Animal Kingdom:

The animal kingdom is incredibly diverse, encompassing a vast array of species, each uniquely adapted to its environment. From the smallest microscopic organisms to the largest mammals, the variety of life in this kingdom is awe-inspiring. Animals can be broadly categorized into several groups:

• Invertebrates: These animals lack a backbone and include creatures like insects, arachnids, mollusks, and crustaceans. They constitute the majority of animal species on Earth, with insects alone accounting for over a million identified species.
• Fish: The aquatic world is teeming with fish, which come in various shapes, sizes, and colors. They play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems and are a vital food source for many other animals, including humans.
• Amphibians: Amphibians, such as frogs, toads, and salamanders, are known for their ability to live both in water and on land. They are important bioindicators, helping scientists monitor the health of ecosystems.
• Reptiles: Reptiles, like snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles, are characterized by their scaly skin and cold-blooded nature. They have been on Earth for millions of years and have adapted to various environments.
• Birds: Birds are known for their feathers, beaks, and ability to fly. They come in diverse shapes, sizes, and colors and have a profound impact on ecosystems through pollination, seed dispersal, and predation on insects and small animals.
• Mammals : Mammals, including humans, are characterized by features like hair or fur, live birth, and the ability to nurse their young with milk. They exhibit remarkable diversity, from tiny shrews to massive elephants.

The Significance of Animals:

Animals hold immense significance in our lives, the environment, and the world at large. Here are some key reasons why animals matter:

Biodiversity: Animals contribute to the rich tapestry of life on Earth. Their diversity is essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and ensuring the survival of countless other species.

Ecosystem Services: Animals provide crucial ecosystem services, such as pollination by bees, seed dispersal by birds, and nutrient cycling by decomposers like insects and microbes. These services are vital for maintaining the balance of nature.

Scientific Research: Animals have been instrumental in scientific research, helping us gain insights into genetics, behavior, and physiology. They have been used in medical studies, leading to significant advancements in human healthcare.

Cultural and Aesthetic Value: Animals have cultural and aesthetic value, inspiring art, literature, and folklore throughout human history. They are symbols of identity and heritage for many communities.

Economic Importance: Many industries rely on animals for economic purposes, such as agriculture (livestock and poultry), tourism (wildlife safaris), and the pet trade.

Education and Conservation: Studying animals enhances our understanding of the natural world, leading to better conservation efforts. Zoos, wildlife documentaries, and educational programs teach people about the importance of animal preservation.

Role of Animals in Ecosystems:

• Animals play vital roles in various ecosystems, ensuring their proper functioning. These roles are interconnected and essential for the health of the environment:
• Pollinators: Bees, butterflies, and birds are key pollinators, facilitating the reproduction of plants by transferring pollen from one flower to another. This process is critical for the production of fruits and vegetables, supporting agriculture and food security.
• Seed Dispersers: Animals like birds, bats, and rodents aid in seed dispersal by consuming fruits and then dispersing the seeds in different locations. This helps plants colonize new areas and maintain genetic diversity.
• Predators and Prey: Predators help control prey populations, preventing overgrazing and ensuring the survival of plant species. The prey, in turn, serve as a food source for predators, forming intricate food webs within ecosystems.
• Decomposers: Scavengers and decomposers, such as vultures, insects, and bacteria, break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. This decomposition process is crucial for soil health and nutrient cycling.
• Ecosystem Engineers: Some animals, like beavers and termites, modify their environments by building dams and nests. These modifications can create new habitats and affect the water flow and nutrient cycling of ecosystems.

Conservation and Animal Welfare:

Despite the critical roles animals play in our world, many species face threats from habitat destruction, pollution, poaching, and climate change. Conservation efforts are essential to protect endangered species and preserve biodiversity. These efforts involve creating and maintaining protected areas, implementing sustainable practices, and raising awareness about the importance of animal conservation.

Animal welfare is another crucial aspect that concerns the ethical treatment of animals in various settings, including agriculture, research, and entertainment. Ethical treatment includes providing animals with adequate living conditions, proper nutrition, and protection from harm.

In conclusion, animals are a fundamental part of our planet’s intricate web of life. Their incredible diversity, significance, and roles in ecosystems make them indispensable to the health and well-being of our world. As responsible stewards of the Earth, it is our duty to protect and conserve these amazing creatures for future generations. By understanding and appreciating the wonders of the animal kingdom, we can better appreciate our interconnectedness with all living beings and work towards a harmonious coexistence with the natural world.

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Why you should eat meat

Not eating animals is wrong. if you care about animals, then the right thing to do is breed them, kill them and eat them.

by Nick Zangwill   + BIO

If you care about animals, you should eat them. It is not just that you may do so, but you should do so. In fact, you owe it to animals to eat them. It is your duty. Why? Because eating animals benefits them and has benefitted them for a long time. Breeding and eating animals is a very long-standing cultural institution that is a mutually beneficial relationship between human beings and animals. We bring animals into existence, care for them, rear them, and then kill and eat them. From this, we get food and other animal products, and they get life. Both sides benefit. I should say that by ‘animals’ here, I mean nonhuman animals. It is true that we are also animals, but we are also more than that, in a way that makes a difference.

It is true that the practice does not benefit an animal at the moment we eat it. The benefit to the animal on our dinner table lies in the past. Nevertheless, even at that point, it has benefitted by its destiny of being killed and eaten. The existence of that animal, and animals of its kind, depends on human beings killing and eating animals of that kind. Domesticated animals exist in the numbers they do only because there is a practice of eating them. For example, the many millions of sheep in New Zealand would not begin to survive in the wild. They exist only because human beings eat them. The meat-eating practice benefits them greatly and has benefitted them greatly. So, we should eat them. Not eating them is wrong, and it lets these animals down.

Of course, the animals we eat should have good lives, and so the worst kind of factory farming is not justified by this argument, since these animals have no quality of life. Life is not enough; it must be life with a certain quality. But some farmed animals do have good lives overall, and sheep farming in New Zealand is an example. Perhaps a minority of meat produced in the world today involves such happy animals. But it is a significant minority, one that justifies much eating of those happy animals. If demand shifted to these animals, there would be fewer animals in existence than there actually are. But that is OK, since the argument is not a maximising one, but an appeal to history.

Yes, there is the day of the abattoir, and the sad death of the animal, which is not usually as free from pain and suffering as it might be. And there is other pain and suffering in the lives of those animals, such as when mothers are separated from their young. However, the pleasure and happiness of animals also matters, and it may outweigh pain and suffering – something usually overlooked by most of those who affect to care for animals. The emphasis among the defenders of so-called ‘animal rights’ on animal pain and suffering while ignoring animal pleasure and happiness is bizarre and disturbing. Human beings suffer, and their deaths are often miserable. But few would deem their entire lives worthless because of that. Likewise, why should the gloomy and unpleasant end of many of the animals we eat cast a negative shadow over their entire lives up to that point?

I suspect that the pleasure and happiness of animals is overlooked because they are not of our species. This is a kind of speciesism that particularly afflicts devotees of ‘animals rights’. All lives have their ups and downs; and this is true for animals as well as human beings. Both ups and downs are important.

I t is this ongoing history of mutual benefit that generates a moral duty of human beings to eat animals. Were the practice beneficial only to one of the two parties, that would perhaps not justify persisting with it. But both benefit. In fact, animals benefit a lot more than human beings do. For human beings could survive as vegetarians or vegans, whereas very few domesticated animals could survive many human beings being vegetarians or vegans. Indeed, if many human beings became vegetarians or vegans, it would be the greatest disaster that there has ever been for animals since the time that an asteroid strike wiped out the dinosaurs and many other species.

Vegetarians and vegans are the natural enemies of domesticated animals that are bred to be eaten. Of course, not all vegetarians and vegans are alike. Quite a few vegetarians and vegans are not motivated by animal rights or welfare, but by a feeling of taboo or pollution – a revulsion at the idea of eating animal flesh. For such vegetarians and vegans, roadkill is off the menu. Unlike the appeal to animal rights or the welfare of animals, this is a reason I respect. But such vegetarians and vegans should admit that acting on these feelings is bad for animals.

Do the motives of carnivores and farmers matter? Typically, they are not high-mindedly concerned with the welfare of animals. But if there are beneficial effects on animals as a side-effect of impure motives, we might think that is all that matters. Or: we might follow Immanuel Kant in distinguishing between treating humans or animals as a means, which may be acceptable, and treating them merely as a means, which is not. So long as carnivores and farmers have the former motives, not the latter, there is no complaint against them.

Small-scale farming in which animals have good lives does not harm the environment much

It is because history matters that we should not eat dogs that were originally bred to be pets or for work. The dog-human institution licenses only the behaviour that is in accordance with its historical function . Eating dogs would violate that tradition. The reason that these domesticated animals exist makes a difference.

Carnivorous institutions do not exist in isolation. Whatever may be the benefit or harms to the animals and human beings that are its participants, there are also further effects of the practice that may be considered. First, consider some positive effects. There are the gustatory pleasures of human beings. There are some health benefits to human beings. There is employment for many who work in the meat industry. There are the aesthetic benefits of countryside with charming grazing animals in elegant, well-maintained fields.

However, the big negative, for many people is climate, and the effects, mostly, of cattle burping and farting. Does not climate give us reason to be vegetarian or vegan? Well, since the problem mostly comes from cows, one option would be to move to eating other kinds of animals in greater numbers. Moreover, the climate damage is mostly due to very intensive factory farming, which I do not defend because the animals do not have good lives. Indeed, the evidence is that small-scale farming in which animals have good lives does not harm the environment much, and it may even benefit it.

T he argument from historical benefit does not apply to wild animals, which are in an entirely different category. Human beings did not create these animals with a purpose, and so we do not owe them anything in virtue of that relationship, although, as sentient beings, their lives deserve respect. Can we hunt them for food if we are hungry, or kill them if they harm us? Probably yes, depending on the degree of need and the degree of harm. Can we hunt them purely for sport? Perhaps not. They have their conscious lives, and who are we to take it away from them without cause?

The lives of wild animals are an endless cycle of trauma, pain and death. Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s phrase about nature ‘red in tooth and claw’ hardly begins to do justice to the extent of the hunger, fear and agony of the lives and deaths of animals in the wild. They kill and eat each other relentlessly, by the billion. This awful truth about wild animals is concealed from children in the vast majority of children’s books and films in which fictional animals of different kinds are represented as chummy friends, instead of ripping each other apart for food. Where they get their food is usually glossed over. Most of what adults tell children about animals is a spectacular lie.

In nurturing animals that we raise for food or other purposes, human beings seem to do better than God

The ‘problem of evil’ is a standard problem for belief in God’s existence, and the usual focus is on human suffering. But the suffering of wild animals should also be a major headache for God, and perhaps more of a headache than human suffering. Why would an all-good, all-knowing and all-powerful god make animals suffer so much? The nature and extent of animal suffering makes an even more compelling argument against God’s existence because the usual replies in the human case, especially the appeal to the value of free will, are not available for animals. If there is a good god, we might well wonder why such bloody horror was unleashed on these creatures.

Human beings are in fact a rare light in the darkness of the animal kingdom when we nurture some animals in order to eat them. Many domesticated animals are bred and raised for food in conditions that should be the envy of wild animals. The daily life of some of the animals we eat is almost like a spa! If vegetarians and vegans are the natural enemies of domesticated animals, carnivorous human beings are their natural friends. Indeed, in nurturing and caring for animals that we raise for food or other purposes, human beings seem to do better than God.

D oes this pro-carnivorous argument apply to eating human beings? Does it imply that we should enslave, kill and eat some human beings if it is to their benefit? No. For one thing, the situations are entirely different. Domesticated animals, such as cows, sheep and chickens, owe their existence to the fact that we prey upon them, whereas human beings do not owe their existence to being preyed on. As far as I know, there are no human beings who owe their existence to a cannibalistic meat-eating practice. And even if there were, they could survive without it, if liberated, which is radically unlike domesticated animals. The situation of human beings and domesticated animals is entirely different.

More fundamentally, human beings have rights of a kind that animals lack. Having rights does not just mean that the lives of human beings and animals matter – of course they do. It means something more specific, which implies that it would be wrong to kill and eat human beings against their will, even if the practice were to benefit them. So, for example, when one human being innocently goes for a hospital checkup, a doctor should not cut them open for the purpose of harvesting their organs for transplants that will save the lives of five other human beings. But a veterinary surgeon may , I believe, cut open one innocent ownerless dog who wanders in off the street to save five other ownerless dogs. In that sense, animals do not have ‘rights’. These rights mark a moral line between human beings and animals. Suppose, though, that we are less particular about how we use the word ‘rights’, and animals having ‘rights’ just means that their conscious lives matter. In that case, we respect those ‘rights’ when we kill and eat domesticated animals. Indeed, if we did not do that, there would be no such animals to have rights.

What, then, is the source of these rights, which human beings have and that animals lack? Along with many others, I think that source is our ‘rationality’, where that is an ability to think things, do things or make decisions, for reasons. Of course, we do not always reason as we should. But all that rationality means here is that we often do or think things because we think it was the right thing to do or think. The philosopher Christine Korsgaard seems to have got this right with her idea that reasoning, or at least the kind of human reasoning that is self-conscious, involves what she calls ‘normative self-government’. This is more than the ability to think about our own thoughts (often called ‘metacognition’) but is also the ability to change one’s mind, for instance, in forming beliefs or intentions, because we think that our mindset demands it. In reasoning, of the more self-conscious kind, we apply normative concepts to ourselves and change our minds because of that.

We should kill and eat them, so long as their lives are good overall before we do that

It is true that human babies cannot yet use reason, and that there are adult human beings who cannot reason, due to a mental disability. Rationality theorists have stumbled over these cases. But they can easily be finessed if we say that human beings have reasoning as their nature or telos , as the ancient Greeks might have said. Being rational is a function of human beings, which they do not always fulfil, just as not all hearts pump blood and not all coffee machines make coffee. We may say that dogs have four legs even though there are a very few unfortunate dogs with only three legs who have had an accident or were born with a genetic deformity. Likewise, we may say that human beings are rational animals, despite human babies and adult human beings with mental disabilities that preclude reasoning, because mature human beings often have reasons for what they think, do and decide.

A Butcher’s Counter (1810-12), by Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Photo courtesy the Louvre Museum, Paris

In 1780, Jeremy Bentham said of animals: ‘The question is not, Can they reason ?, nor Can they talk ? but, Can they suffer ?’ I agree that the suffering of animals is important, but, as I have complained, so is their pleasure and happiness. And I would also like to complain that just because suffering is important does not make reasoning unimportant. Perhaps both are important, in different ways. If, unlike Bentham, we admit rights (he thought they were ‘nonsense upon stilts’), then the question is very much ‘Can they reason?’ Because they reason, human beings have rights, whereas animals lack rights because they cannot reason. Since they lack rights, we can paternalistically consider what is good for them. And this good dictates that we should kill and eat them, so long as their lives are good overall before we do that. They have no rights standing in the way of the mutually beneficial carnivorous practice.

Someone might wonder whether we should rest all of our special worth, and our right to protection from intraspecies predation, on our rationality. We have other impressive characteristics that might also generate rights. However, one of the advantages of the appeal to rationality is the way that it embraces many other aspects of human life that we think are important and valuable. Consider our impressive knowledge or creative imagination – these might also be intrinsically valuable in such a way as to generate distinctive rights, including the right not to be eaten against our will. These valuable characteristics also seem to be distinctive of human beings. However, many of these characteristics depend on rationality. Knowledge, of the extent, and acquired in the way that much human knowledge is acquired, is also possible only for reflective rational beings. The scientific project, for example, is predicated on a certain self-reflectiveness about methods and evidence – especially measurement.

So, these phenomena seem still to be within the orbit of rationality. What about the creative imagination? Many Surrealists thought that excessive rational thought was responsible for the horrors of the First World War, and as a response they valued creative imagination over rational deliberation, as in André Breton’s Manifesto of Surrealism (1924). However, what is human creative imagination? Do animals imagine in this way? Perhaps a pet dog can imagine being taken for a walk. But this is not like the creative imagination of human beings who invent interesting or beautiful works of art or literature, who revolutionise scientific theories or who envisage novel ways of living. Only the reflective rational mind can have creative imagination of this sort. Thus, it seems that many phenomena of human beings that seem special and distinctive, and that are of moral significance in the sense of having potential to generate rights, turn out to depend on rationality.

W ith this conception of rationality in hand, let us now turn the spotlight on the minds of animals. Let us begin with our close cousins – apes and monkeys. Do they share the rational capacities of human beings? The research on apes and monkeys is currently inconclusive. Researchers do not agree. There is some evidence suggesting that some such creatures can engage in a kind of reasoning, or at least that they have modes of thought continuous with human reasoning. In fact, the best evidence for primate reasoning is a kind of upside-down evidence, that some apes and monkeys appear to suffer from irrationalities similar to those besetting human beings. The psychologists Laurie Santos and Alexandra Rosati argued this in an article in 2015. And surely: if the animals are reasoning badly, then they are reasoning. The conclusion that they reason is controversial but, if it were right, it would mean that such animals should be protected by moral rights like those of human beings in virtue of their rationality. However, at present, we do not know enough to go one way or the other with full personhood rights for apes and monkeys.

By contrast with these cases, the research is less ambiguous concerning most of the domesticated animals that we eat: cows, sheep, chickens, and the rest. Hardly any researchers think these animals reason. They are conscious, they have pleasures and pains, and they show intelligence of a kind when they use tools, for example. They can pursue means to an end. However, many highly intelligent species, such as elephants and dogs , pursue means to an end, but only inflexibly, so that they carry on pursuing the means when the two are visibly disconnected. Such inflexibility suggests that the psychological mechanism in play is association, not reasoning. And if elephants and dogs are not reasoning, it is unlikely that cows, sheep and chickens do better on this score.

We do not have to wait to see what the research turns up; we may proceed directly to the dinner table

Even Lori Marino , who is an enthusiastic advocate for the sophistication of the minds of domesticated animals does not suggest that these animals have anything like the self-conscious reasoning that is characteristic of human beings. There just seems to be no evidence suggesting that cows , sheep and chickens can reason in Korsgaard’s self-reflective sense; and that means that they lack rights. Of course, lacking rights does not mean that their lives have no value, unless one deploys a uselessly obese notion of rights. Their consciousness matters. But that is exactly why we should kill and eat them. With these animals, we are doing them a favour if we kill and eat them. The exceptions among the animals that we breed to eat are pigs, whose surprisingly adept operation of computer joysticks demonstrates cognitive flexibility that may indicate reasoning.

In all, the state of play of the evidence in animal psychology suggests different degrees of certainty for different animals. There is uncertainty concerning our nearest relatives – apes and monkeys – while there is more clarity about most of the domesticated animals that we breed to eat. Apart from pigs , it is clear that farmed animals cannot reason reflectively, and therefore they lack the rights that would prevent us eating them for their benefit. With cows, sheep and chickens, we do not have to wait to see what the research turns up; we may proceed directly to the dinner table.

A chicken may cross a road, but it does not decide to do so for a reason. The chicken may even be caused to cross the road by some desire that it has; and the chicken may exhibit intelligence in whether or not it crosses the road. But the chicken makes no decision to follow its desires, and it makes no reasoned decision about whether or not it is a good idea to cross the road. We can ask: ‘Why did the chicken cross the road?’ but the chicken cannot ask itself: ‘Why should I cross the road?’ We can. That’s why we can eat it.

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Selfishness channels ambition, envy drives competition, pride aids the win. Does it take a bad person to be a good athlete?

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For the entire 20th century, it had felt like telepathy was just around the corner. Why is that especially true now?

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Wildlife Conservation Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on wildlife conservation.

Wildlife, like trees, is also a domestic asset that not only helps to maintain the ecological balance but also benefits from financial, recreational and aesthetic points of perspective. There was a time when the number of wild animals was quite large when human interference was minimum and there was no issue with their safety or conservation. But, with the development of farming , settlement, industrial and other development activities, and primarily due to man’s greed, the number of wild animals gradually decreased and decreased. As a consequence, several animal species have become extinct and several are on the brink of being so. The Wildlife Conservation Essay is an insight into the requirements of conserving wildlife globally.

Deforestation

Deforestation is also a major cause of wildlife loss. Mass murders of wild animals are taking place all over the globe for their meat, bones, fur, teeth, hair, skin, etc. The need for conservation of wildlife has now become a necessity.

Population growth, agricultural and livestock development, urban and road building, and pollution are among the many pressures on wildlife’s natural habitat. In addition to illegal hunting, the decrease of habitat and its degradation has endangered the biodiversity of the widespread areas.

Wildlife preservation does not imply blanket protection for all species of fauna and flora; rather, it means adequate, judicious control over the multiplication of crops and animals that communicate to provide a suitable atmosphere for the man whose very life is at risk today.

In the past, due to the irrational use of the earth’s natural and biotic resources, most wildlife was demolished after recovery. It is our immediate responsibility to safeguard the ecosystem’s natural splendor and to develop a system of coexistence with every living creature on earth.

While the world’s nations must be very specific in terms of wildlife conservation, the amount of wildlife is diminishing day by day. The World Wild Life Fund is a global organization that does a praiseworthy job of encouraging wildlife protection. National agencies are also involved in wildlife conservation.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Steps Towards Wildlife Conservation

• To study and retrieve all wildlife data, in particular, the amount and development of wildlife.
• Habitat protection through forest protection.
• Delimiting their natural habitat regions.
• Protecting animals against pollution and natural hazards.
• Full limitation on wildlife hunting and capture.
• To impose constraints on the export and importation of wildlife products and to impose serious penalties on those engaged in such activity.
• Developing game sanctuaries for particular wildlife or world life in particular.
• Special arrangements should be made to safeguard those very restricted species.
• To create a general understanding of wildlife protection at domestic and international level.
• The adoption by trained personnel of a wildlife management system.

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50, 100, 200, 300 And 500 Words Essay On Animals

We are not the only animals on our planet, but many other species live there as well. A variety of animals have inhabited this plant since the beginning of time. These animals served as both friends and foes to humans. Transport, protection, and hunting were all carried out with the help of animals.

Different species inhabit the area, including amphibians, reptiles, mammals, insects, and birds. Animals play an essential role in maintaining our ecosystem. The actions of humans, however, threaten to exterminate many of these animals. Conservation of many species has been raised by environmentalists and international organizations like PETA and WWF.

Table of Contents

Animals Essay in 100 Words

Dogs are my favorite animals. Dogs are pets. Four-footed animals have four legs. A pair of beautiful eyes adorn it. Besides its small tail and two ears, this animal has no other distinguishing features. Dogs come in a variety of shapes and sizes. A dog’s body may be covered with fur. Different colors are represented by the dogs. There is a difference in size between them.

There is nothing more useful and faithful than dogs. Swimming is possible for the dog. All over the world, it can be found. There is a great deal of love between it and its master. In this way, it prevents car thieves from breaking into a house. Thieves and criminals are located by police officers using dogs.

An essay of 200 words about animals

Many animals live on Earth. A man’s companion, they are there for him at all times. There are many types of animals. In order to absorb and breathe, amphibians have thin skin. An example would be a frog or a toad. Warm-blooded mammals, such as lions, tigers, and bears, have fur and a coat of fur. Eggs are laid by reptiles, and they have cold blood. Snakes and crocodiles, for instance, are reptiles. The animal kingdom includes insects and birds.

Our environment benefits from animals. Besides providing nourishment for the soil, they also provide food. Animal populations are controlled by predators such as lions and tigers. As well as being useful in agriculture, they are also useful in other fields. There is, however, a threat of extinction facing animals. 

As humans build homes and factories, many forests are destroyed, causing animals to lose their homes. Leather, fur, and ivory are stolen from animals by hunters. The well-being of animals is negatively affected when they are caged and kept away from their habitats. It is harmful to animals that live in water bodies that are polluted by harmful substances.

Animals are part of the Earth, and they should be protected because it belongs to them as well. Humans depend on them for companionship. In order to spread the message of preserving our wildlife, we celebrate World Wildlife Day every year on the 3rd of March.

Animals Essay in 300 Words

From time immemorial, man has been accompanied by animals. Species classify animals into kingdoms. Species vary widely.

They breathe through their thin skin and require a moist environment. Frogs, salamanders, toads, and caecilians are examples of amphibians.

Warm-blooded vertebrates are mammals. In addition to mammary glands, females have a coat of fur that they use to feed their young. A mammal can be a carnivore, a bear, a rodent, etc.

Crocodiles and snakes are reptiles, which are vertebrates but have a cold blood system and lay eggs. Different species of animals include insects and birds.

Ecological balance is maintained by animals. Feeding on plants helps control growth and keep populations under control. In addition to poultry and dairy products, meat is also produced by animals.

Several animals have lost their habitat due to the cutting down of forests. Leather is extracted from alligators, fur from lions and bears, ivory from elephants, and ivory tusks from elephants are harvested.

It is detrimental to the well-being of animals to confine them and keep them away from their habitat. Marine life is negatively affected by polluted water bodies.

Organizations like PETA and WWF promote animal conservation and spread awareness. Project Tiger and Project Elephant are two wildlife protection projects undertaken by the Indian government.

On the third Saturday of March every year, World Wildlife Day is observed. To achieve sustainable development goals, the United Nations has chosen to promote sustainable development through the 2020 theme, “Sustaining all life on Earth”.

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500-word essay on animals

The importance of animals in our lives cannot be overstated. Additionally, humans can benefit from them in a number of ways. Meat, eggs, and dairy products, for instance, are among the products we consume. It is also possible to keep animals as pets. People with disabilities greatly benefit from them. This essay will examine the importance of these creatures through the eyes of animals.

Animal Types

The balance of nature is maintained by animals, which are eukaryotes with multiple cells.

Land and water are both home to many species of animals. Thus, each has a reason for existing. There are different groups of animals in biology. Land and water-dwelling amphibians are known as amphibians.

The body of a reptile is covered with scales and it is cold-blooded. Mammals have mammary glands, as well as give birth to their offspring in the womb. Unlike other animals, birds have feathers covering their bodies and their forelimbs become wings.

Eggs are used to give birth. The fins of fish are not like the limbs of other animals. Their gills allow them to breathe under water. It is also relevant to note that most insects have six legs or more. On earth, there are these types of animals.

The importance of animals

On our planet and in human life, animals play an essential role. Animals have been used by humans throughout history. Transport was their primary function earlier.

The animals also serve as food, hunters, and protectors. Oxen are used by humans for farming. Humans also enjoy the company of animals. People with physical challenges and the elderly can both benefit from dogs’ assistance.

The testing of drugs on animals is done in research laboratories. The most common animals used for testing are rats and rabbits. Using these studies, we can predict future outbreaks of diseases and take protective measures.

It is quite common for astronomers to conduct research on animals. Other uses are also possible for them. Animals are used in various sports such as racing, polo, and others. Other fields also use them.

The use of them is also common in recreational activities. The tricks of animals are often demonstrated door-to-door by people in addition to circuses. Their use as detection dogs is also widespread among police forces.

Our joyride also takes place on them. There are a variety of animals that can be used for this purpose, including horses, elephants, camels, etc. Our lives are greatly influenced by them.

As a result,

As a result, animals play a vital role in the lives of humans and our planet. In order to ensure a better future for animals, it is our responsibility to protect them. Without animal help, humans cannot survive.

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Essay on Animals For IELTS Writing Task 2 With Sample

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Writing an IELTS essay on animals should not be taken lightly. Ensure that you state your objectives clearly in the essay and follow a proper structure that the examiner can understand. Write your essay within the stipulated timeline of 40 minutes while sticking to the minimum word count of 250 words. There is no maximum limit to the word count.

Table of Contents

Popular study abroad destinations, ielts essay on animals- samples for your perusal.

Many advocate the need to protect all wild animals, while others think that it is important to protect some, not all of them. Discuss both views and give your opinion . 

Essay 1- 

Some people have recommended selective and analytical protection or safeguarding of wild animals. In my personal opinion, the world and humanity hold responsibility for all kinds of wild animals. However, it may periodically have justifications for allocating more resources towards conserving species of a more valuable nature. 

Those advocating the protection of specific wild animal species talk about various specific aspects, including the threats faced by these particular species and their overall value from an environmental perspective. For example, tigers are endangered animals and require resource-intensive efforts for conservation compared to commoner animals without the threat of extinction, such as pigeons or even rats, for instance, that have already adapted the skills of thriving in urban semi-urban environments. 

Many people will agree that there is a lack of proper logic in offering equal protection and support for species in varying habitats and circumstances. Extreme critics of such policies may also add that some animals deserve better preservation than many others. The tiger, for example, is valued for its biodiversity contributions, its overall nature, and aesthetic factors. Other species like honey bees, for instance, have medicinally and commercially valuable offerings for mankind and the world at large while they are not as valued for aesthetics. 

However, I still opine that protection should be similar for all wild animals since humankind has played the biggest role in endangering them. Before the growing population and industrialization over the last few hundred years, animals and humans resided on Earth as equals while sharing its bounties and natural resources more judiciously and equally. For a long time, human beings have kept developing, outstripping natural development. They have now started becoming threats to the natural growth and habitats of innumerable species of wild animals. Humans must implement proper safeguards for all species of wild animals. The absence of protective measures will lead to the entire biodiversity chain collapsing globally, with more ecosystems shrinking and animals dying out and going extinct. Even if a wild animal is not about to go extinct, it will always be crucial for maintaining the population levels of the species to combat any future cycle of irreversible damage. 

To conclude, human beings should take protective measures for all wild animals and as many wild animals as possible. However, there are some exceptional scenarios where priority could be given to a few species based on circumstantial factors and reasons. Society and global governments should participate and collaborate in measures and regulations to ensure that wild animals are not casualties of human growth and development. (447 words) 

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Question- Several people believe that animals should have equal rights as humans and shouldn't be exploited by people. In contrast, others think that humans must use animals to satisfy their needs, including uses for food and research. 

Talk about both sides and give your opinion . 

Essay 2- 

Human beings have always used animals in various forms to fulfill diverse requirements. Yet, while some individuals think that animals should have similar treatment in human beings with equal rights, others feel that it is vital to use animals for medical research, food, and other uses. 

Talking about animals being exploited, many feel it is rather acceptable for different reasons. They feel that human beings are the most vital on the Earth and the entire food chain, with every possible measure being taken for ensuring their continued survival, growth, and progress. If this equates to animal experimentation for curing and combating diseases, then that would be a bigger priority than the suffering of animals. At the same time, these people also believe that animals do not have feelings of loss or pain in the manner of human beings, and hence if they are killed for use as food, then it could be morally and ethically all right. 

Yet, I do not feel that these arguments have much meat. Several secret films in laboratories have already shown that courtesy of groups for animal rights and other evidence, animals feel pain akin to human beings and suffer when caged for longer durations. Alongside, a major amount of research on animals is already done for medicinal and cosmetic uses. It is not all for finding remedies to ailments, and hence the cosmetics and beauty industry exploits animals greatly for its profits. This is not fully necessary, in my opinion. It has also been seen that human beings can receive all necessary vitamins and nutrients from plants. Hence, killing animals for food purposes is not a suitable argument. 

In conclusion, though some people state that animals can be killed or exploited for food and research purposes, I will ethically argue that there is evidence to show that this is not the right path. Steps should be taken to enhance the safety and rights of animals instead. (347 words) 

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Walnut and Me

By Sam Anderson Illustrations by Gaia Alari

Listen to Episode 1 of the series, where Sam Anderson explains his love for his dog, Walnut. Find all episodes of ‘Animal’ at nytimes.com/animal .

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Photo credit: Ryan Carll/Upstate Images

Sam Anderson is a staff writer for the magazine. He has written about rhinos, pencils, poets, water parks, basketball, weight loss and the fountain of youth.

Gaia Alari is a self-taught illustrator and animator, specializing in a traditional frame-by-frame style of hand animation.

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The Importance of Animal Rights Essay

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Animal rights are a matter of active debate in society nowadays since there are many related issues that, being unresolved, may endanger many creatures inhabiting the planet. Animals play a significant part in human lives, which is why humanity puts much effort into protecting them, creating various associations, organizing charity events, and educating children about the importance of different species. However, many people treat other living creatures as if they had no rights, which often leads to suffering, high mortality rates, and generally poor animal welfare. They should have legal rights since they significantly influence the economy, make people’s lives better, and do not significantly differ from humans in many senses.

First of all, animals significantly impact human lives since many species contribute to the world economy by producing fur, food, and other essential products. Blattner argues that animals are people’s co-workers, which is a common opinion among researchers and farmers (33). However, people do not always recognize the contributions to society made by animals. According to statistics, a single cow produces more than 5,000 liters of milk per year, which is probably enough for several people to consume at the same time (Blattner 33). Many cows have to suffer to achieve that production level as they are forcefully impregnated and separated from their families. In other words, people treat cows improperly to gain as much benefit as possible, and they do not even appreciate animals for their contribution to food production.

Furthermore, animals can help vulnerable groups such as autistic children or people with mental illnesses. Concerning humans, animals do not understand disabilities or ugliness, which is why these creatures can love others under no conditions (Baka et al. 11). Thus, domestic pets can provide a positive atmosphere of socialization for people who lack an opportunity or desire to socialize among humans. Baka et al. report that animals can also help little children develop empathy as they can learn to understand others’ needs by putting themselves into their pets’ places (11). Animals can make people’s lives better, which is a weighty reason for them to have the same rights as people do.

Finally, it is imperative to clarify that there is no actual reason to consider rights only as an element of human society. Humans and animals are living creatures that inhabit the same Earth, and all of them should have the same rights here. It is well-known that various animal species lived on this planet long before the first human was born. These facts make it unclear why the only species that should have legal rights are humans. Cesario argues that rights should not be “limited to members of a species that can petition for rights and respect the rights of others” (40). In many respects, humans are animals, which is why both groups should have the same, or at least similar, rights.

Overall, animals should have rights as they contribute to the world economy and improve people’s lives by providing favorable socializing conditions, and there is no reason to believe that animals are different from humans. Like any living creature, every animal is a part of this planet, and it should be outlawed to treat them as if they had no rights. Animals should not be subjected to torture and poor living conditions, and people should ensure their welfare by giving them the corresponding rights.

Works Cited

Baka, Alexandra, et al., “Animal rights.” Open Schools Journal for Open Science, vol. 3, no. 3, 2020, pp. 1-14.

Blattner, Charlotte. “Should Animals Have a Right to Work? Promises and Pitfalls.” Animal Studies Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 2020, pp. 32-92.

Cesario, Anthony. “Reconciling the Irreconcilable: A Property Rights Approach to Resolving the Animal Rights Debate.” Studia Humana, vol. 10, no. 4, 2021, pp. 36-65.

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Animals self-medicate with plants − behavior people have observed and emulated for millennia

Research Scholar, Classics and History and Philosophy of Science, Stanford University

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When a wild orangutan in Sumatra recently suffered a facial wound, apparently after fighting with another male, he did something that caught the attention of the scientists observing him.

The animal chewed the leaves of a liana vine – a plant not normally eaten by apes. Over several days, the orangutan carefully applied the juice to its wound, then covered it with a paste of chewed-up liana. The wound healed with only a faint scar. The tropical plant he selected has antibacterial and antioxidant properties and is known to alleviate pain, fever, bleeding and inflammation.

The striking story was picked up by media worldwide. In interviews and in their research paper , the scientists stated that this is “the first systematically documented case of active wound treatment by a wild animal” with a biologically active plant. The discovery will “provide new insights into the origins of human wound care.”

To me, the behavior of the orangutan sounded familiar. As a historian of ancient science who investigates what Greeks and Romans knew about plants and animals, I was reminded of similar cases reported by Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, Aelian and other naturalists from antiquity. A remarkable body of accounts from ancient to medieval times describes self-medication by many different animals. The animals used plants to treat illness, repel parasites, neutralize poisons and heal wounds.

The term zoopharmacognosy – “animal medicine knowledge” – was invented in 1987. But as the Roman natural historian Pliny pointed out 2,000 years ago, many animals have made medical discoveries useful for humans. Indeed, a large number of medicinal plants used in modern drugs were first discovered by Indigenous peoples and past cultures who observed animals employing plants and emulated them.

What you can learn by watching animals

Some of the earliest written examples of animal self-medication appear in Aristotle’s “ History of Animals ” from the fourth century BCE, such as the well-known habit of dogs to eat grass when ill, probably for purging and deworming.

Aristotle also noted that after hibernation, bears seek wild garlic as their first food. It is rich in vitamin C, iron and magnesium, healthful nutrients after a long winter’s nap. The Latin name reflects this folk belief: Allium ursinum translates to “bear lily,” and the common name in many other languages refers to bears.

Pliny explained how the use of dittany , also known as wild oregano, to treat arrow wounds arose from watching wounded stags grazing on the herb. Aristotle and Dioscorides credited wild goats with the discovery. Vergil, Cicero, Plutarch, Solinus, Celsus and Galen claimed that dittany has the ability to expel an arrowhead and close the wound. Among dittany’s many known phytochemical properties are antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and coagulating effects.

According to Pliny, deer also knew an antidote for toxic plants: wild artichokes . The leaves relieve nausea and stomach cramps and protect the liver. To cure themselves of spider bites, Pliny wrote, deer ate crabs washed up on the beach, and sick goats did the same. Notably, crab shells contain chitosan , which boosts the immune system.

When elephants accidentally swallowed chameleons hidden on green foliage, they ate olive leaves, a natural antibiotic to combat salmonella harbored by lizards . Pliny said ravens eat chameleons, but then ingest bay leaves to counter the lizards’ toxicity. Antibacterial bay leaves relieve diarrhea and gastrointestinal distress. Pliny noted that blackbirds, partridges, jays and pigeons also eat bay leaves for digestive problems.

Weasels were said to roll in the evergreen plant rue to counter wounds and snakebites. Fresh rue is toxic. Its medical value is unclear, but the dried plant is included in many traditional folk medicines. Swallows collect another toxic plant, celandine , to make a poultice for their chicks’ eyes. Snakes emerging from hibernation rub their eyes on fennel. Fennel bulbs contain compounds that promote tissue repair and immunity.

According to the naturalist Aelian , who lived in the third century BCE, the Egyptians traced much of their medical knowledge to the wisdom of animals. Aelian described elephants treating spear wounds with olive flowers and oil . He also mentioned storks, partridges and turtledoves crushing oregano leaves and applying the paste to wounds.

The study of animals’ remedies continued in the Middle Ages. An example from the 12th-century English compendium of animal lore, the Aberdeen Bestiary , tells of bears coating sores with mullein . Folk medicine prescribes this flowering plant to soothe pain and heal burns and wounds, thanks to its anti-inflammatory chemicals.

Ibn al-Durayhim’s 14th-century manuscript “ The Usefulness of Animals ” reported that swallows healed nestlings’ eyes with turmeric , another anti-inflammatory. He also noted that wild goats chew and apply sphagnum moss to wounds, just as the Sumatran orangutan did with liana. Sphagnum moss dressings neutralize bacteria and combat infection.

Nature’s pharmacopoeia

Of course, these premodern observations were folk knowledge, not formal science. But the stories reveal long-term observation and imitation of diverse animal species self-doctoring with bioactive plants. Just as traditional Indigenous ethnobotany is leading to lifesaving drugs today , scientific testing of the ancient and medieval claims could lead to discoveries of new therapeutic plants.

Animal self-medication has become a rapidly growing scientific discipline. Observers report observations of animals, from birds and rats to porcupines and chimpanzees , deliberately employing an impressive repertoire of medicinal substances. One surprising observation is that finches and sparrows collect cigarette butts . The nicotine kills mites in bird nests. Some veterinarians even allow ailing dogs, horses and other domestic animals to choose their own prescriptions by sniffing various botanical compounds.

Mysteries remain . No one knows how animals sense which plants cure sickness, heal wounds, repel parasites or otherwise promote health. Are they intentionally responding to particular health crises? And how is their knowledge transmitted? What we do know is that we humans have been learning healing secrets by watching animals self-medicate for millennia.

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• Animal behavior
• Self-medication
• Phytochemicals
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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Animal Farm — Animal Farm: An Allegorical Satire on Power and Corruption

Animal Farm: an Allegorical Satire on Power and Corruption

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Published: Jun 14, 2024

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Characters as symbols, events as parallels, themes of power and corruption.

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History of Now

What Does George Orwell’s ‘1984’ Mean in 2024?

Now 75 years old, the dystopian novel still rings alarm bells about totalitarian rule

Anne Wallentine

In recent years, some conservative American groups have adopted the slogan “Make Orwell fiction again,” a line that suggests the dystopian depictions of totalitarianism, historical revisionism and misinformation found in George Orwell ’s 1984 are now reality. Liberal groups may agree with some of those concepts—but would likely apply them to different events.

Seventy-five years after its publication on June 8, 1949, Orwell’s novel has attained a level of prominence enjoyed by few other books across academic, political and popular culture. 1984 ’s meaning has been co-opted by groups across the political spectrum, and it consequently serves as a kind of political barometer. It has been smuggled behind the Iron Curtain during the Cold War and used as counterpropaganda by the CIA; at moments of political crisis, it has skyrocketed to the top of best-seller lists.

The language and imagery in the novel—which Anthony Burgess, author of A Clockwork Orange , once called “an apocalyptical codex of our worst fears”—have also been reinterpreted in music, television, advertisements and films, shaping how people view and discuss the terror of political oppression. The terms the book introduced into the English language, like “Big Brother” and “thought police,” are common parlance today. “ Big Brother ” is now a long-running reality TV show. 1984 -like surveillance is possible through a range of tracking technologies. And the contortion of truth is realizable via artificial intelligence deepfakes . In a world that is both similar to and distinct from Orwell’s imagined society, what does 1984 mean today?

Jean Seaton , director of the Orwell Foundation and a historian at the University of Westminster in England, says that 1984 has become a way to “take the temperature” of global politics. “It goes up and down because people reinvent it [and] because people turn to it … to refresh [their] grasp on the present. It’s useful because you think, ‘How bad are we in comparison to this?’”

In 1984 , three totalitarian states rule the world in a détente achieved by constant war. The all-seeing Party dominates a grimly uniform society in the bloc called Oceania. As a low-level Party member, protagonist Winston Smith’s job is to rewrite historical records to match the ever-changing official version of events. As a Party slogan puts it , “Who controls the past controls the future: Who controls the present controls the past.”

Winston begins to document his contrarian thoughts and starts an illicit affair with a woman named Julia, but the two are soon caught and tortured into obedience by the regime. Ultimately, Smith’s individuality and attempt to rebel are brutally suppressed. While most contemporary societies are nothing like the book’s dystopia, in the context of today’s proliferating misinformation and disinformation , the Party’s primary propaganda slogans—“War is peace,” “Freedom is slavery” and “Ignorance is strength”—don’t seem all that far-fetched.

According to Orwell’s son, Richard Blair , the writer thought his novel would “either be a best seller or the world [would] ignore it. He wasn’t quite sure which of the two it would be.” But soon after its publication, 1984 ’s best-seller status became clear. The book has since sold around 30 million copies. It most recently returned to the top of the American best-seller list in January 2017, after a Trump administration adviser coined the doublespeak term “alternative facts.”

“It’s a very relevant book … to the world of today,” Blair says. “The broad issue [is] the manipulation of truth, something that large organizations and governments are very good at.”

Many other dystopian novels carry similar warnings. So why does 1984 have such staying power? Orwell’s novels “all have exactly the same plot,” says the author’s biographer D.J. Taylor . “They are all about solitary, ground-down individuals trying to change the nature of their lives … and ultimately being ground down by repressive authority.”

1984 , Taylor adds, is the apotheosis of Orwell’s fears and hypotheses about surveillance and manipulation: “It takes all the essential elements of Orwell’s fiction and then winds them up another couple of notches to make something really startling.” Orwell’s precise, nightmarish vision contains enough familiar elements to map onto the known world, giving it a sense of alarming plausibility.

The novel traces the dystopian future onto recognizable London landmarks. “The really scary thing for the original readers in 1949 was that although it was set in 1984, it’s there: It’s bomb-cratered, war-torn, postwar England,” says Taylor. The University of London’s Senate House inspired the novel’s “ Ministry of Truth ,” as it had housed the Ministry of Information during World War II’s propaganda push.

Born Eric Blair in 1903, Orwell had a short but prolific writing career, chronicling politics, poverty and social injustice before his early death from tuberculosis in January 1950, just seven months after 1984 ’s publication. Though an accomplished essayist, Orwell is best known for 1984 and Animal Farm , his 1945 satire of Stalinist Russia.

Born in Bengal when the region was under British colonial rule, Orwell studied at Eton College but left the school to follow his father into the civil service. He became disillusioned with the colonial British Raj while serving in the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, an experience that inspired his first novel, Burmese Days . In 1927, Orwell returned to England and Europe, where he immersed himself in working-class poverty to write Down and Out in Paris and London and The Road to Wigan Pier . He fought against fascism in the Spanish Civil War, almost dying from a throat wound. The conflict reinforced his socialist politics : “Everything he wrote after that was against totalitarianism [and] for democracy,” Blair says.

Orwell wrote 1984 while battling tuberculosis on the Isle of Jura in Scotland, aware that his condition was deteriorating as he wrote the novel, Taylor says. Upon finishing the manuscript, he went to a London hospital for treatment, where he married editorial assistant Sonia Brownell from his hospital bed. The writer died three months later at age 46. Blair, whom Orwell had adopted with his first wife, Eileen O’Shaughnessy, shortly before her death in 1945, was 5 years old at the time.

Though Orwell described 1984 as a warning rather than a prophecy, scholars have demonstrated significant interest in mapping the author’s imaginings onto the modern world. “When I started writing, what I was involved in was something you could call ‘Orwell Studies.’ And now there's an Orwell industry,” says Taylor, who has published two biographies of the author. (His latest , released in 2023, was informed by new primary source material.)

Taylor attributes this popularity to Orwell’s “uncanny ability … to predict so many of the things that trouble us here in the 2020s.” He notes that in the United Kingdom, Orwell mainly draws political and literary audiences, while in the United States, scientific circles are increasingly curious about Orwell’s foreshadowing of modern technology and surveillance methods.

“There’s something about his work that keeps getting reinvented and reactivated” in relation to events that happened well after Orwell’s death, says Alex Woloch , a literary scholar at Stanford University. “I think of Orwell as a text that people can turn to in confronting many different kinds of political problems, and particularly propaganda, censorship and political duplicity.”

Orwell’s “main relevance in the U.S. was forged during the Cold War,” Woloch says. A democratic socialist and anti-Stalinist, Orwell was able to “represent the contradictions of the communist ideology, the gap between its self-image and its reality.” 1984 and Animal Farm “were understood as the exemplary anti-communist texts ,” embedded in U.S. curriculums and widely taught in the decades since.

“With the end of the Cold War,” Woloch adds, “Orwell’s writing could be claimed by many different people who were arguing against what they saw as various forms of political deceptiveness,” from the Marxist Black Panther Party to the ultraconservative John Birch Society .

“It’s very difficult to think of another writer who’s so much admired across all parts of the political spectrum,” Taylor says. “He’s almost unique in that way.”

Adapted to the needs of a broad range of readers, 1984 took on a life beyond its author and its pages. In her forthcoming book, George Orwell and Communist Poland: Émigré, Official and Clandestine Receptions , Krystyna Wieszczek , a research fellow at Columbia University, explores the use of 1984 as a tool of resistance. The novel “provided an easy-to-use vocabulary … that [readers] could use to name the phenomenon” of oppression, Wieszczek says. Copies were smuggled into Poland and other countries behind the Iron Curtain that divided Eastern Europe from Western Europe, some even in the diplomatic bag of a secretary to the French Embassy in Warsaw.

In the 1950s, a CIA operation sent Animal Farm and other “printed matter from the West [into communist countries] in gas-filled balloons,” Wieszczek says. But many Poles objected to this tactic, fearing a reprise of the devastating and unsuccessful 1944 Warsaw Uprising . Through distribution points across Europe, the U.S. also sent millions of copies of anti-communist literature, including 1984 , to Poland. According to Wieszczek, surveys suggest that as much as 26 percent of Poland’s adult population—around seven million people—had some access to clandestine publications in the 1980s. Polish émigré imprint s like Kultura in Paris also ensured banned publications reached audiences in the Eastern bloc during the Cold War. Cheekily, one of Kultura’s editions of 1984 even used a “Soviet militant poster as a cover,” Wieszczek says.

“Many people read 1984 as a very negative, pessimistic book, but … it had a kind of liberating impact … for some readers,” she explains. They were reading a banned book about banned books that reflected, to an extent, their own circumstances.

“ 1984 is a horrible book,” Wieszczek adds. “You never forget—it stays with you, this big pressure on the chest and the stomach. But somehow, it brought hope. There was this man on other side of the Iron Curtain who understood us. … There is hope because people understand.”

A protean text for political, intellectual and underground movements, 1984 has also resonated in popular culture. Its myriad artistic interpretations are explored in Dorian Lynskey’s The Ministry of Truth: The Biography of George Orwell’s 1984 . The novel inspired television shows, films , plays, a David Bowie album (though Orwell’s widow, Sonia, turned down the artist’s offer to create a 1984 musical) and even a “ Victory gin ” based on the grim spirits described in the novel. It was cited in songs by John Lennon and Stevie Wonder and named by assassin Lee Harvey Oswald as one of his favorite books. And its imagery continues to inform the public’s perception of what might happen if 1984 weren’t fiction after all.

In January 1984, an Apple Macintosh ad directed by Ridley Scott aired during the Super Bowl. It depicted a maverick woman smashing a Big Brother-esque screen that was broadcasting to the subordinate masses, and it ended with the tagline , “You’ll see why 1984 won’t be like ‘1984.’” The implication was that buying Apple products would set people apart from the crowd. In an Orwellian twist, although the ad positioned Apple as the underdog against the dominant IBM, the company actually had a competitive market share, claiming 25 percent to IBM’s 24 percent at the end of 1983.

While the term “Orwellian” can be used to describe Orwell’s style, “the classic use … is for politicians [who] grotesquely misuse language for ideological purposes and use language to disguise or pervert reality rather than to expose it,” Woloch says. Today, the phrase has become a “floating signifier,” Taylor says. “It’s so regularly used it doesn’t actually mean anything.” He cites a politician misusing “Orwellian” to complain about a perceived personal injustice (a canceled book contract).

“[Orwell’s] books have such widespread currency that you can use him to describe anything, really,” Taylor adds. “The word can mean anything and nothing at the same time.”

This is ironic, given how precise Orwell was about language. The reduction of language and creative thought to “ Newspeak ” in the novel figures largely in the population’s oppression. Orwell “was passionately committed to language as a contract crucial to all our other contracts,” writes Rebecca Solnit in Orwell’s Roses . He is “an exemplar of writing as the capacity to communicate other people’s experience,” Seaton says, “… so to read Orwell is, in a sense, to defend language and writing.”

Orwell’s main question, according to Woloch, “is how, as a thinking person and a fair-minded person, … do you confront the genuine pervasiveness of political problems that make up the world that we’re in?” The scholar quotes Orwell’s famous line from a 1938 New Leader essay : “It is not possible for any thinking person to live in such a society as our own without wanting to change it.”

“The big three themes [of 1984 ] that people ought to bear in mind,” Taylor suggests, “are the denial of objective truth, which we see everywhere about us, every war that’s currently taking place anywhere in the world and in quite a lot of domestic political situations, too; the manipulation of language … and the use of words to bamboozle people; and the rise of the surveillance society. … That to me, is the definition of the adjective ‘Orwellian’ in the 21st century.”

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Anne Wallentine is a writer and art historian with a focus on the intersections of art, culture and health. A graduate of Washington University in St. Louis and the Courtauld Institute of Art, she writes for outlets that include the Financial Times , the Economist , the Art Newspaper  and Hyperallergic .