essay academic question

The Writing Guide

• The First Thing
• Step 1: Understanding the essay question

Identify task, content & limiting words in the essay question

Words, words, words..., academic writing webinar part 1.

• Step 2: Critical note-taking
• Step 3: Planning your assignment
• Step 4a: Effective writing
• Step 4b: Summarizing & paraphrasing
• Step 4c: Academic language
• Step 5: Editing and reviewing
• Getting started with research
• Working with keywords
• Evaluating sources
• Research file
• Reading Smarter
• Sample Essay
• What, why, where, when, who?
• Referencing styles
• Writing Resources
• Exams and Essay Questions

Essay topics contain key words that explain what information is required and how it is to be presented.  Using the essay question below indentify task content & limiting words.  Regardless of your topic or discipline, if you can identify these words in your essay topic, you can begin to consider what you will need to do to answer the question.

Task words : These are words that tell you what to do, for example “compare”, “discuss”, “critically evaluate”, “explain” etc.

Content words : These words in the essay topic will tell you which ideas and concepts should form the knowledge base of the assignment. Refer to subject specific dictionary or glossary.

Effective communication is considered a core skill in higher education and is usually conveyed through the medium of academic papers and essays. Discuss the process of writing academic essays and critically examine the importance of structure and content.

Before you scroll down to the next box, what can you unpack from this topic? What are you actually going to look for in a search tool like One Search? What are you supposed to do?

• Content Words
• Limiting Words
• Context Words

Task words are usually verbs and they tell you what to do to complete your assignment.

You need to identify these words, because you will need to follow these instructions to pass the assignment.  As you research and write your assignment, check these words occasionally to make sure you are still doing what you have been asked to do.

Here are some definitions of different academic task words.  Make sure you know exactly what you need to do for your assignment.

Don't try to use them in your research - they aren't things to find, only things to do.

The task words from our sample question are:

Effective communication is considered a core skill in higher education and is usually conveyed through the medium of academic papers and essays. Discuss the process of writing academic essays and critically examine the importance of structure and content.

• Discuss means to "consider and offer an interpretation or evaluation of something; or give a judgment on the value of arguments for and against something"
• Examine means to inspect something in detail and investigate the implications

So, you would need to give a short description of what essay writing is all about, and then offer an evaluation of the essay structure and the way it presents content.

• Task Words Here are some definitions of different academic task words. Make sure you know exactly what you need to do for your assignment.

The content words are the "meat" of the question - these are things you can research.

Effective communication is considered a core skill in higher education and is usually conveyed through the medium of academic papers and essays . Discuss the process of writing academic essays and critically examine the importance of structure and content .

You will often be asked to talk about "the role" something plays or "processes", "importance", "methods" or "implementations" - but you can't really research these things just by looking for those words.

You need to find the keywords - the most concrete concepts - and search for those.  The information you find about the concrete terms will tell you about the "roles" and "methods", the "process" or the "importance", but they probably won't use those words exactly.

One of the core skills of academic research is learning to extrapolate :  to find the connections in the information you can find that will help you answer the questions which don't have clear, cut-and-dry answers in the books and articles.

So, the core keywords/concepts to research are:

• "academic writing"
• "higher education"
• structure and content

Limiting words keep you focused on a particular area, and stop you from trying to research everything in the history of mankind.

They could limit you by:

• Time (you may be asked to focus on the last 5 years, or the late 20th Century, for example)
• Place (you may be asked to focus on Australia, or Queensland, or South-East Asia)
• People groups (such as "women over the age of 50" or "people from low socio-economic backgrounds" or "Australians of Asian descent")
• Extent (you are only to look at a particular area, or the details you believe are most relevant or appropriate).

In this example, you have two limits:

• "higher education" is the industry focus. This could be expanded to include the tertiary or university sector.
• Essays - we are concentrating on essay writing as the aspect of communication.  Note that this is also a content word. There can be (and usually is) some crossover.

Sometimes it can help to add your own limits .  With health sciences, you almost always limit your research to the last five or six years. Social sciences  are not as strict with the date range but it's still a good idea to keep it recent.  You could specifically look at the Australian context.  You may decide to focus on the private sector within that industry.

With the question above you could limit yourself to only looking at first year university students.

Sometimes an assignment task will give you phrases or sentences that aren't part of the task at all:  they exist to give you some context .

These can be ignored when you do your research, but you should read over them occasionally as you are writing your assignment.  They help you know what the lecturer was thinking about (and wanted you to think about) when they set that task.

Effective communication is considered a core skill in higher education and is usually conveyed through the medium of academic papers and essays . Discuss the process of writing academic essays and critically examine the importance of structure and content.

You don't have to do anything with the first sentence of this question - but it does get you to think specifically about the "using essays to communicate knoweldge" - something that isn't mentioned in the task itself.

Obviously, whoever wrote the task wants you to think about the assignments as a form of writing and communication.

It is easy to get distracted and go off on tangents when doing your research .  Use the context words to  help you keep your focus where it should be.

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Essay Exams

What this handout is about.

At some time in your undergraduate career, you’re going to have to write an essay exam. This thought can inspire a fair amount of fear: we struggle enough with essays when they aren’t timed events based on unknown questions. The goal of this handout is to give you some easy and effective strategies that will help you take control of the situation and do your best.

Why do instructors give essay exams?

Essay exams are a useful tool for finding out if you can sort through a large body of information, figure out what is important, and explain why it is important. Essay exams challenge you to come up with key course ideas and put them in your own words and to use the interpretive or analytical skills you’ve practiced in the course. Instructors want to see whether:

• You understand concepts that provide the basis for the course
• You can use those concepts to interpret specific materials
• You can make connections, see relationships, draw comparisons and contrasts
• You can synthesize diverse information in support of an original assertion
• You can justify your own evaluations based on appropriate criteria
• You can argue your own opinions with convincing evidence
• You can think critically and analytically about a subject

What essay questions require

Exam questions can reach pretty far into the course materials, so you cannot hope to do well on them if you do not keep up with the readings and assignments from the beginning of the course. The most successful essay exam takers are prepared for anything reasonable, and they probably have some intelligent guesses about the content of the exam before they take it. How can you be a prepared exam taker? Try some of the following suggestions during the semester:

• Do the reading as the syllabus dictates; keeping up with the reading while the related concepts are being discussed in class saves you double the effort later.
• Go to lectures (and put away your phone, the newspaper, and that crossword puzzle!).
• Take careful notes that you’ll understand months later. If this is not your strong suit or the conventions for a particular discipline are different from what you are used to, ask your TA or the Learning Center for advice.
• Participate in your discussion sections; this will help you absorb the material better so you don’t have to study as hard.
• Organize small study groups with classmates to explore and review course materials throughout the semester. Others will catch things you might miss even when paying attention. This is not cheating. As long as what you write on the essay is your own work, formulating ideas and sharing notes is okay. In fact, it is a big part of the learning process.
• As an exam approaches, find out what you can about the form it will take. This will help you forecast the questions that will be on the exam, and prepare for them.

These suggestions will save you lots of time and misery later. Remember that you can’t cram weeks of information into a single day or night of study. So why put yourself in that position?

Now let’s focus on studying for the exam. You’ll notice the following suggestions are all based on organizing your study materials into manageable chunks of related material. If you have a plan of attack, you’ll feel more confident and your answers will be more clear. Here are some tips: 

• Don’t just memorize aimlessly; clarify the important issues of the course and use these issues to focus your understanding of specific facts and particular readings.
• Try to organize and prioritize the information into a thematic pattern. Look at what you’ve studied and find a way to put things into related groups. Find the fundamental ideas that have been emphasized throughout the course and organize your notes into broad categories. Think about how different categories relate to each other.
• Find out what you don’t know, but need to know, by making up test questions and trying to answer them. Studying in groups helps as well.

Taking the exam

Read the exam carefully.

• If you are given the entire exam at once and can determine your approach on your own, read the entire exam before you get started.
• Look at how many points each part earns you, and find hints for how long your answers should be.
• Figure out how much time you have and how best to use it. Write down the actual clock time that you expect to take in each section, and stick to it. This will help you avoid spending all your time on only one section. One strategy is to divide the available time according to percentage worth of the question. You don’t want to spend half of your time on something that is only worth one tenth of the total points.
• As you read, make tentative choices of the questions you will answer (if you have a choice). Don’t just answer the first essay question you encounter. Instead, read through all of the options. Jot down really brief ideas for each question before deciding.
• Remember that the easiest-looking question is not always as easy as it looks. Focus your attention on questions for which you can explain your answer most thoroughly, rather than settle on questions where you know the answer but can’t say why.

Analyze the questions

• Decide what you are being asked to do. If you skim the question to find the main “topic” and then rush to grasp any related ideas you can recall, you may become flustered, lose concentration, and even go blank. Try looking closely at what the question is directing you to do, and try to understand the sort of writing that will be required.
• Focus on what you do know about the question, not on what you don’t.
• Look at the active verbs in the assignment—they tell you what you should be doing. We’ve included some of these below, with some suggestions on what they might mean. (For help with this sort of detective work, see the Writing Center handout titled Reading Assignments.)

Information words, such as who, what, when, where, how, and why ask you to demonstrate what you know about the subject. Information words may include:

• define—give the subject’s meaning (according to someone or something). Sometimes you have to give more than one view on the subject’s meaning.
• explain why/how—give reasons why or examples of how something happened.
• illustrate—give descriptive examples of the subject and show how each is connected with the subject.
• summarize—briefly cover the important ideas you learned about the subject.
• trace—outline how something has changed or developed from an earlier time to its current form.
• research—gather material from outside sources about the subject, often with the implication or requirement that you will analyze what you’ve found.

Relation words ask you to demonstrate how things are connected. Relation words may include:

• compare—show how two or more things are similar (and, sometimes, different).
• contrast—show how two or more things are dissimilar.
• apply—use details that you’ve been given to demonstrate how an idea, theory, or concept works in a particular situation.
• cause—show how one event or series of events made something else happen.
• relate—show or describe the connections between things.

Interpretation words ask you to defend ideas of your own about the subject. Don’t see these words as requesting opinion alone (unless the assignment specifically says so), but as requiring opinion that is supported by concrete evidence. Remember examples, principles, definitions, or concepts from class or research and use them in your interpretation. Interpretation words may include:

• prove, justify—give reasons or examples to demonstrate how or why something is the truth.
• evaluate, respond, assess—state your opinion of the subject as good, bad, or some combination of the two, with examples and reasons (you may want to compare your subject to something else).
• support—give reasons or evidence for something you believe (be sure to state clearly what it is that you believe).
• synthesize—put two or more things together that haven’t been put together before; don’t just summarize one and then the other, and say that they are similar or different—you must provide a reason for putting them together (as opposed to compare and contrast—see above).
• analyze—look closely at the components of something to figure out how it works, what it might mean, or why it is important.
• argue—take a side and defend it (with proof) against the other side.

Plan your answers

Think about your time again. How much planning time you should take depends on how much time you have for each question and how many points each question is worth. Here are some general guidelines: 

• For short-answer definitions and identifications, just take a few seconds. Skip over any you don’t recognize fairly quickly, and come back to them when another question jogs your memory.
• For answers that require a paragraph or two, jot down several important ideas or specific examples that help to focus your thoughts.
• For longer answers, you will need to develop a much more definite strategy of organization. You only have time for one draft, so allow a reasonable amount of time—as much as a quarter of the time you’ve allotted for the question—for making notes, determining a thesis, and developing an outline.
• For questions with several parts (different requests or directions, a sequence of questions), make a list of the parts so that you do not miss or minimize one part. One way to be sure you answer them all is to number them in the question and in your outline.
• You may have to try two or three outlines or clusters before you hit on a workable plan. But be realistic—you want a plan you can develop within the limited time allotted for your answer. Your outline will have to be selective—not everything you know, but what you know that you can state clearly and keep to the point in the time available.

Again, focus on what you do know about the question, not on what you don’t.

Writing your answers

As with planning, your strategy for writing depends on the length of your answer:

• For short identifications and definitions, it is usually best to start with a general identifying statement and then move on to describe specific applications or explanations. Two sentences will almost always suffice, but make sure they are complete sentences. Find out whether the instructor wants definition alone, or definition and significance. Why is the identification term or object important?
• For longer answers, begin by stating your forecasting statement or thesis clearly and explicitly. Strive for focus, simplicity, and clarity. In stating your point and developing your answers, you may want to use important course vocabulary words from the question. For example, if the question is, “How does wisteria function as a representation of memory in Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom?” you may want to use the words wisteria, representation, memory, and Faulkner) in your thesis statement and answer. Use these important words or concepts throughout the answer.
• If you have devised a promising outline for your answer, then you will be able to forecast your overall plan and its subpoints in your opening sentence. Forecasting impresses readers and has the very practical advantage of making your answer easier to read. Also, if you don’t finish writing, it tells your reader what you would have said if you had finished (and may get you partial points).
• You might want to use briefer paragraphs than you ordinarily do and signal clear relations between paragraphs with transition phrases or sentences.
• As you move ahead with the writing, you may think of new subpoints or ideas to include in the essay. Stop briefly to make a note of these on your original outline. If they are most appropriately inserted in a section you’ve already written, write them neatly in the margin, at the top of the page, or on the last page, with arrows or marks to alert the reader to where they fit in your answer. Be as neat and clear as possible.
• Don’t pad your answer with irrelevancies and repetitions just to fill up space. Within the time available, write a comprehensive, specific answer.
• Watch the clock carefully to ensure that you do not spend too much time on one answer. You must be realistic about the time constraints of an essay exam. If you write one dazzling answer on an exam with three equally-weighted required questions, you earn only 33 points—not enough to pass at most colleges. This may seem unfair, but keep in mind that instructors plan exams to be reasonably comprehensive. They want you to write about the course materials in two or three or more ways, not just one way. Hint: if you finish a half-hour essay in 10 minutes, you may need to develop some of your ideas more fully.
• If you run out of time when you are writing an answer, jot down the remaining main ideas from your outline, just to show that you know the material and with more time could have continued your exposition.
• Double-space to leave room for additions, and strike through errors or changes with one straight line (avoid erasing or scribbling over). Keep things as clean as possible. You never know what will earn you partial credit.
• Write legibly and proofread. Remember that your instructor will likely be reading a large pile of exams. The more difficult they are to read, the more exasperated the instructor might become. Your instructor also cannot give you credit for what they cannot understand. A few minutes of careful proofreading can improve your grade.

Perhaps the most important thing to keep in mind in writing essay exams is that you have a limited amount of time and space in which to get across the knowledge you have acquired and your ability to use it. Essay exams are not the place to be subtle or vague. It’s okay to have an obvious structure, even the five-paragraph essay format you may have been taught in high school. Introduce your main idea, have several paragraphs of support—each with a single point defended by specific examples, and conclude with a restatement of your main point and its significance.

Some physiological tips

Just think—we expect athletes to practice constantly and use everything in their abilities and situations in order to achieve success. Yet, somehow many students are convinced that one day’s worth of studying, no sleep, and some well-placed compliments (“Gee, Dr. So-and-so, I really enjoyed your last lecture”) are good preparation for a test. Essay exams are like any other testing situation in life: you’ll do best if you are prepared for what is expected of you, have practiced doing it before, and have arrived in the best shape to do it. You may not want to believe this, but it’s true: a good night’s sleep and a relaxed mind and body can do as much or more for you as any last-minute cram session. Colleges abound with tales of woe about students who slept through exams because they stayed up all night, wrote an essay on the wrong topic, forgot everything they studied, or freaked out in the exam and hyperventilated. If you are rested, breathing normally, and have brought along some healthy, energy-boosting snacks that you can eat or drink quietly, you are in a much better position to do a good job on the test. You aren’t going to write a good essay on something you figured out at 4 a.m. that morning. If you prepare yourself well throughout the semester, you don’t risk your whole grade on an overloaded, undernourished brain.

If for some reason you get yourself into this situation, take a minute every once in a while during the test to breathe deeply, stretch, and clear your brain. You need to be especially aware of the likelihood of errors, so check your essays thoroughly before you hand them in to make sure they answer the right questions and don’t have big oversights or mistakes (like saying “Hitler” when you really mean “Churchill”).

If you tend to go blank during exams, try studying in the same classroom in which the test will be given. Some research suggests that people attach ideas to their surroundings, so it might jog your memory to see the same things you were looking at while you studied.

Try good luck charms. Bring in something you associate with success or the support of your loved ones, and use it as a psychological boost.

Take all of the time you’ve been allotted. Reread, rework, and rethink your answers if you have extra time at the end, rather than giving up and handing the exam in the minute you’ve written your last sentence. Use every advantage you are given.

Remember that instructors do not want to see you trip up—they want to see you do well. With this in mind, try to relax and just do the best you can. The more you panic, the more mistakes you are liable to make. Put the test in perspective: will you die from a poor performance? Will you lose all of your friends? Will your entire future be destroyed? Remember: it’s just a test.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Axelrod, Rise B., and Charles R. Cooper. 2016. The St. Martin’s Guide to Writing , 11th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Fowler, Ramsay H., and Jane E. Aaron. 2016. The Little, Brown Handbook , 13th ed. Boston: Pearson.

Gefvert, Constance J. 1988. The Confident Writer: A Norton Handbook , 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Kirszner, Laurie G. 1988. Writing: A College Rhetoric , 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Lunsford, Andrea A. 2015. The St. Martin’s Handbook , 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St Martin’s.

Woodman, Leonara, and Thomas P. Adler. 1988. The Writer’s Choices , 2nd ed. Northbrook, Illinois: Scott Foresman.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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• Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the Question

About the Author Stephanie Allen read Classics and English at St Hugh’s College, Oxford, and is currently researching a PhD in Early Modern Academic Drama at the University of Fribourg.

We’ve all been there. You’ve handed in an essay and you think it’s pretty great: it shows off all your best ideas, and contains points you’re sure no one else will have thought of.

You’re not totally convinced that what you’ve written is relevant to the title you were given – but it’s inventive, original and good. In fact, it might be better than anything that would have responded to the question. But your essay isn’t met with the lavish praise you expected. When it’s tossed back onto your desk, there are huge chunks scored through with red pen, crawling with annotations like little red fire ants: ‘IRRELEVANT’; ‘A bit of a tangent!’; ‘???’; and, right next to your best, most impressive killer point: ‘Right… so?’. The grade your teacher has scrawled at the end is nowhere near what your essay deserves. In fact, it’s pretty average. And the comment at the bottom reads something like, ‘Some good ideas, but you didn’t answer the question!’.

If this has ever happened to you (and it has happened to me, a lot), you’ll know how deeply frustrating it is – and how unfair it can seem. This might just be me, but the exhausting process of researching, having ideas, planning, writing and re-reading makes me steadily more attached to the ideas I have, and the things I’ve managed to put on the page. Each time I scroll back through what I’ve written, or planned, so far, I become steadily more convinced of its brilliance. What started off as a scribbled note in the margin, something extra to think about or to pop in if it could be made to fit the argument, sometimes comes to be backbone of a whole essay – so, when a tutor tells me my inspired paragraph about Ted Hughes’s interpretation of mythology isn’t relevant to my essay on Keats, I fail to see why. Or even if I can see why, the thought of taking it out is wrenching. Who cares if it’s a bit off-topic? It should make my essay stand out, if anything! And an examiner would probably be happy not to read yet another answer that makes exactly the same points. If you recognise yourself in the above, there are two crucial things to realise. The first is that something has to change: because doing well in high school exam or coursework essays is almost totally dependent on being able to pin down and organise lots of ideas so that an examiner can see that they convincingly answer a question. And it’s a real shame to work hard on something, have good ideas, and not get the marks you deserve. Writing a top essay is a very particular and actually quite simple challenge. It’s not actually that important how original you are, how compelling your writing is, how many ideas you get down, or how beautifully you can express yourself (though of course, all these things do have their rightful place). What you’re doing, essentially, is using a limited amount of time and knowledge to really answer a question. It sounds obvious, but a good essay should have the title or question as its focus the whole way through . It should answer it ten times over – in every single paragraph, with every fact or figure. Treat your reader (whether it’s your class teacher or an external examiner) like a child who can’t do any interpretive work of their own; imagine yourself leading them through your essay by the hand, pointing out that you’ve answered the question here , and here , and here. Now, this is all very well, I imagine you objecting, and much easier said than done. But never fear! Structuring an essay that knocks a question on the head is something you can learn to do in a couple of easy steps. In the next few hundred words, I’m going to share with you what I’ve learned through endless, mindless crossings-out, rewordings, rewritings and rethinkings.

Top tips and golden rules

I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve been told to ‘write the question at the top of every new page’- but for some reason, that trick simply doesn’t work for me. If it doesn’t work for you either, use this three-part process to allow the question to structure your essay:

1)     Work out exactly what you’re being asked

It sounds really obvious, but lots of students have trouble answering questions because they don’t take time to figure out exactly what they’re expected to do – instead, they skim-read and then write the essay they want to write. Sussing out a question is a two-part process, and the first part is easy. It means looking at the directions the question provides as to what sort of essay you’re going to write. I call these ‘command phrases’ and will go into more detail about what they mean below. The second part involves identifying key words and phrases.

2)     Be as explicit as possible

Use forceful, persuasive language to show how the points you’ve made do answer the question. My main focus so far has been on tangential or irrelevant material – but many students lose marks even though they make great points, because they don’t quite impress how relevant those points are. Again, I’ll talk about how you can do this below.

3)     Be brutally honest with yourself about whether a point is relevant before you write it.

It doesn’t matter how impressive, original or interesting it is. It doesn’t matter if you’re panicking, and you can’t think of any points that do answer the question. If a point isn’t relevant, don’t bother with it. It’s a waste of time, and might actually work against you- if you put tangential material in an essay, your reader will struggle to follow the thread of your argument, and lose focus on your really good points.

Put it into action: Step One

Let’s imagine you’re writing an English essay about the role and importance of the three witches in Macbeth . You’re thinking about the different ways in which Shakespeare imagines and presents the witches, how they influence the action of the tragedy, and perhaps the extent to which we’re supposed to believe in them (stay with me – you don’t have to know a single thing about Shakespeare or Macbeth to understand this bit!). Now, you’ll probably have a few good ideas on this topic – and whatever essay you write, you’ll most likely use much of the same material. However, the detail of the phrasing of the question will significantly affect the way you write your essay. You would draw on similar material to address the following questions: Discuss Shakespeare’s representation of the three witches in Macbeth . How does Shakespeare figure the supernatural in Macbeth ?   To what extent are the three witches responsible for Macbeth’s tragic downfall? Evaluate the importance of the three witches in bringing about Macbeth’s ruin. Are we supposed to believe in the three witches in Macbeth ? “Within Macbeth ’s representation of the witches, there is profound ambiguity about the actual significance and power of their malevolent intervention” (Stephen Greenblatt). Discuss.   I’ve organised the examples into three groups, exemplifying the different types of questions you might have to answer in an exam. The first group are pretty open-ended: ‘discuss’- and ‘how’-questions leave you room to set the scope of the essay. You can decide what the focus should be. Beware, though – this doesn’t mean you don’t need a sturdy structure, or a clear argument, both of which should always be present in an essay. The second group are asking you to evaluate, constructing an argument that decides whether, and how far something is true. Good examples of hypotheses (which your essay would set out to prove) for these questions are:

• The witches are the most important cause of tragic action in Macbeth.
• The witches are partially, but not entirely responsible for Macbeth’s downfall, alongside Macbeth’s unbridled ambition, and that of his wife.
• We are not supposed to believe the witches: they are a product of Macbeth’s psyche, and his downfall is his own doing.
• The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is deliberately unclear. Their claim to reality is shaky – finally, their ambiguity is part of an uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. (N.B. It’s fine to conclude that a question can’t be answered in black and white, certain terms – as long as you have a firm structure, and keep referring back to it throughout the essay).

The final question asks you to respond to a quotation. Students tend to find these sorts of questions the most difficult to answer, but once you’ve got the hang of them I think the title does most of the work for you – often implicitly providing you with a structure for your essay. The first step is breaking down the quotation into its constituent parts- the different things it says. I use brackets: ( Within Macbeth ’s representation of the witches, ) ( there is profound ambiguity ) about the ( actual significance ) ( and power ) of ( their malevolent intervention ) Examiners have a nasty habit of picking the most bewildering and terrifying-sounding quotations: but once you break them down, they’re often asking for something very simple. This quotation, for example, is asking exactly the same thing as the other questions. The trick here is making sure you respond to all the different parts. You want to make sure you discuss the following:

• Do you agree that the status of the witches’ ‘malevolent intervention’ is ambiguous?
• What is its significance?
• How powerful is it?

Step Two: Plan

Having worked out exactly what the question is asking, write out a plan (which should be very detailed in a coursework essay, but doesn’t have to be more than a few lines long in an exam context) of the material you’ll use in each paragraph. Make sure your plan contains a sentence at the end of each point about how that point will answer the question. A point from my plan for one of the topics above might look something like this:

To what extent are we supposed to believe in the three witches in Macbeth ?  Hypothesis: The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is deliberately unclear. Their claim to reality is uncertain – finally, they’re part of an uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. Para.1: Context At the time Shakespeare wrote Macbeth , there were many examples of people being burned or drowned as witches There were also people who claimed to be able to exorcise evil demons from people who were ‘possessed’. Catholic Christianity leaves much room for the supernatural to exist This suggests that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might, more readily than a modern one, have believed that witches were a real phenomenon and did exist.

My final sentence (highlighted in red) shows how the material discussed in the paragraph answers the question. Writing this out at the planning stage, in addition to clarifying your ideas, is a great test of whether a point is relevant: if you struggle to write the sentence, and make the connection to the question and larger argument, you might have gone off-topic.

Step Three: Paragraph beginnings and endings

The final step to making sure you pick up all the possible marks for ‘answering the question’ in an essay is ensuring that you make it explicit how your material does so. This bit relies upon getting the beginnings and endings of paragraphs just right. To reiterate what I said above, treat your reader like a child: tell them what you’re going to say; tell them how it answers the question; say it, and then tell them how you’ve answered the question. This need not feel clumsy, awkward or repetitive. The first sentence of each new paragraph or point should, without giving too much of your conclusion away, establish what you’re going to discuss, and how it answers the question. The opening sentence from the paragraph I planned above might go something like this:

Early modern political and religious contexts suggest that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might more readily have believed in witches than his modern readers.

The sentence establishes that I’m going to discuss Jacobean religion and witch-burnings, and also what I’m going to use those contexts to show. I’d then slot in all my facts and examples in the middle of the paragraph. The final sentence (or few sentences) should be strong and decisive, making a clear connection to the question you’ve been asked:

  Contemporary suspicion that witches did exist, testified to by witch-hunts and exorcisms, is crucial to our understanding of the witches in Macbeth.  To the early modern consciousness, witches were a distinctly real and dangerous possibility – and the witches in the play would have seemed all-the-more potent and terrifying as a result.

Step Four: Practice makes perfect

The best way to get really good at making sure you always ‘answer the question’ is to write essay plans rather than whole pieces. Set aside a few hours, choose a couple of essay questions from past papers, and for each:

• Write a hypothesis
• Write a rough plan of what each paragraph will contain
• Write out the first and last sentence of each paragraph

You can get your teacher, or a friend, to look through your plans and give you feedback. If you follow this advice, fingers crossed, next time you hand in an essay, it’ll be free from red-inked comments about irrelevance, and instead showered with praise for the precision with which you handled the topic, and how intently you focused on answering the question. It can seem depressing when your perfect question is just a minor tangent from the question you were actually asked, but trust me – high praise and good marks are all found in answering the question in front of you, not the one you would have liked to see. Teachers do choose the questions they set you with some care, after all; chances are the question you were set is the more illuminating and rewarding one as well.

Image credits: banner ; Keats ; Macbeth ; James I ; witches .

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Essay writing: Analysing questions

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“It is well worth the time to break down the question into its different elements.” Kathleen McMillan & Jonathan Weyers,  How to Write Essays & Assignments

When you get an essay question, how do you make sure you are answering it how your tutor wants? There is a hidden code in most questions that gives you a clue about the approach you should be taking...

Decoding the question

Here is a typical essay question:

Analyse the impact of the employability agenda on the undergraduate student experience.

Let's decode it...

Understanding the instruction words

Did you know that analyse  means something different to discuss  or evaluate ?  In academic writing these have very specific and unique meanings - which you need to make sure you are aware of before you start your essay planning. For example:

Examine critically so as to bring out the essential elements; describe in detail; describe the various parts of something and explain how they work together, or whether they work together.

It is almost impossible to remember the different meanings, so download our Glossary of Instruction Words for Essay Questions to keep your own reminder of the most common ones.

Redundant phrases

Don't get thrown by other regularly used phrases such as "with reference to relevant literature" or "critically evaluate" and "critically analyse" (rather than simply "evaluate" or "analyse").   All  your writing should refer to relevant literature and all  writing should have an element of criticality at university level. These are just redundant phrases/words and only there as a gentle reminder.

Recognise the subject of the question

Many students think this is the easy bit - but you can easily mistake the focus for the subject and vice versa.  The subject is the general topic of the essay and the instruction word is usually referring to something you must do to that topic .

Usually, the subject is something you have had a lecture about or there are chapters about in your key texts.

There will be many aspects of the subject/topic that you will not need to include in your essay, which is why it is important to recognise and stick to the focus as shown in the next box.

Identify the focus/constraint

Every essay has and needs a  focus .  If you were to write everything about a topic, even about a particular aspect of a topic, you could write a book and not an essay!  The focus gives you direction about the scope of the essay.  It usually does one of two things:

• Gives context (focus on the topic within a particular situation, time frame etc).

This could be something there were a few slides about in your lecture or a subheading in your key text.

I don't have an essay question - what do I do?

I have to make up my own title.

If you have been asked to come up with your own title, write one like the ones described here. Include at least an instruction, a subject and a focus and it will make planning and writing the essay so much easier. The main difference would be that you write it as a description rather than a question i.e.:

An analysis of the impact of the employability agenda on the undergraduate student experience.

I have only been given assignment criteria

If you have been given assignment criteria, the question often still contains the information you need to break it down into the components on this page. For example, look at the criteria below. There are still instruction words, subjects and focus/constraints.

Aims of the assignment (3000 words):

An understanding of learning theories is important to being an effective teacher. In this assignment you will select two learning theories and explain why they would help you in your own teaching context. You will then reflect on an experience from your teaching practice when this was, or could have been, put into practice.

Assignment criteria

Select two learning theories , referring to published literature, explain why they are relevant to your own teaching context.

Reflect on an experience from your teaching practice .

Explain why a knowledge of a learning theory was or would have been useful in the circumstances .

• Instructions words = explain (twice); reflect on.
• Subjects = two learning theories; an experience from your teaching practice; knowledge of a learning theory.
• Focus/constraints = your own teaching context; in the circumstances

Think of each criterion therefore as a mini essay. 

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To answer an essay question (EQ), students must assess the purpose of the essay question: factual recall, analysis (explanation of relationships) synthesis (application/transfer of previously learned principles) opinion

How much information to include, repeat, restate (intro needed? details needed?).

The chart below outlines 4 main types of essay questions, the verbs/cues that indicate the type of essay question and its purpose, and the strategy to be used to answer it.

Read the questions very carefully at least 2 or 3 times. Circle  the main verb (= action verb/imperative) in the question and decide on the necessary rhetorical strategy for answering the question (cause-effect, comparison-contrast, definition, classification, problem-solution). Make sure you understand what type of answer the main verb calls for (a diagram a summary, details, an analysis, an evaluation). Circle all the keywords in the question. Decide if you need to write a 1-paragraph or a multi-paragraph answer. Write a brief outline of all the points you want to mention in your answer. Restate the question and answer it with a topic sentence (for a 1-paragraph answer) or a thesis statement (for a multi-paragraph answer).  Answer the question according to general rules of academic writing.  Use indentations; begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; support the topic sentence(s) with reasons and/or examples; use transition words to show logical organization; write a conclusion.  Use correct punctuation throughout. Read over your answer again and check if all the main ideas have been included. Check your answer for grammar and punctuation.

© 2005: Christine Bauer-Ramazani ; last updated: September 02, 2019

A strong analytical question

• speaks to a genuine dilemma presented by your sources . In other words, the question focuses on a real confusion, problem, ambiguity, or gray area, about which readers will conceivably have different reactions, opinions, or ideas.  
• yields an answer that is not obvious . If you ask, "What did this author say about this topic?” there’s nothing to explore because any reader of that text would answer that question in the same way. But if you ask, “how can we reconcile point A and point B in this text,” readers will want to see how you solve that inconsistency in your essay.  
• suggests an answer complex enough to require a whole essay's worth of discussion. If the question is too vague, it won't suggest a line of argument. The question should elicit reflection and argument rather than summary or description.  
• can be explored using the sources you have available for the assignment , rather than by generalizations or by research beyond the scope of your assignment.  

How to come up with an analytical question  

One useful starting point when you’re trying to identify an analytical question is to look for points of tension in your sources, either within one source or among sources. It can be helpful to think of those points of tension as the moments where you need to stop and think before you can move forward. Here are some examples of where you may find points of tension:

• You may read a published view that doesn’t seem convincing to you, and you may want to ask a question about what’s missing or about how the evidence might be reconsidered.  
• You may notice an inconsistency, gap, or ambiguity in the evidence, and you may want to explore how that changes your understanding of something.  
• You may identify an unexpected wrinkle that you think deserves more attention, and you may want to ask a question about it.  
• You may notice an unexpected conclusion that you think doesn’t quite add up, and you may want to ask how the authors of a source reached that conclusion.  
• You may identify a controversy that you think needs to be addressed, and you may want to ask a question about how it might be resolved.  
• You may notice a problem that you think has been ignored, and you may want to try to solve it or consider why it has been ignored.  
• You may encounter a piece of evidence that you think warrants a closer look, and you may raise questions about it.  

Once you’ve identified a point of tension and raised a question about it, you will try to answer that question in your essay. Your main idea or claim in answer to that question will be your thesis.

• "How" and "why" questions generally require more analysis than "who/ what/when/where” questions.  
• Good analytical questions can highlight patterns/connections, or contradictions/dilemmas/problems.  
• Good analytical questions establish the scope of an argument, allowing you to focus on a manageable part of a broad topic or a collection of sources.  
• Good analytical questions can also address implications or consequences of your analysis.
• picture_as_pdf Asking Analytical Questions

IELTS Preparation with Liz: Free IELTS Tips and Lessons, 2024

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100 IELTS Essay Questions

Below are practice IELTS essay questions and topics for writing task 2. The 100 essay questions have been used many times over the years. The questions are organised under common topics and essay types. IELTS often use the similar topics for their essays but change the wording of the essay question.

In order to prepare well for writing task 2, you should prepare ideas for common topics and then practise applying them to the tasks given (to the essay questions). Also see model essays and tips  for writing task 2.

Below you will find:

• Essay Questions By Topic
• Essay Questions by Essay Type

Please also note that my new Grammar E-book is now available in my store along with my Ideas for Essay Topics E-book and Advanced Writing Lessons. To visit store, click here: Liz’s Store

1) Common IELTS Essay Questions

IELTS practice essay questions divided by topic. These topics have been reported by IELTS students in their tests. Essay questions have been recreated as accurately as possible.

• Art   (5 essay questions)
• Business & Money   (17 essay questions)
• Communication & Personality   (20 essay questions)
• Crime & Punishment   (12 essay questions)
• Education   (17 essay questions)
• Environment   (12 essay questions)
• Family & Children   (8 essay questions)
• Food & Diet (13 essay questions)
• Government (6 essay questions)
• Health   (9 essay questions)
• Housing, Buildings & Urban Planning (8 essay questions)
• Language (6 essay questions)
• Leisure (1 essay question)
• Media & Advertising   (12 essay questions)
• Reading  (5 essay questions)
• Society   (10 essay questions)
• Space Exploration (3 questions)
• Sport & Exercise   (6 essay questions)
• Technology  (6 essay questions)
• Tourism and Travel   (11 essay questions)
• Transport  (7 essay questions)
• Work (17 essay questions)

2) IELTS Essay Questions by Essay Type 

There are 5 main types of essay questions in IELTS writing task 2 (opinion essays, discussion essay, advantage/disadvantage essays, solution essay and direct question essays). Click on the links below to see some sample essay questions for each type.

• Opinion Essay Questions
• Discussion Essay Questions
• Solution Essay Questions
• Direct Questions Essay Titles 
• Advantage / Disadvantage Essay Questions

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50 Essay Examples with High-Scoring Answers - PTE Academic

The Essay is the final question in part 1 of the Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic.

You will be given a prompt and you have 20 minutes to write an essay response that is 200 to 300 words long. The prompt usually has a sentence that introduces the topic. Then, you will be asked a question or a few to guide your response.

In this article, I’m going to provide high-scoring answers to 50 example essay prompts.

Example Essays with Answers

With the rise of digital media, books are becoming less significant in everyday life. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Support your argument with examples and reasons.

The statement that books are becoming less significant in everyday life with the rise of digital media captures a current trend but does not fully encompass the continued relevance and evolution of books in our society. While it is true that digital media has altered how we consume information and entertainment, it has not rendered books obsolete.

Firstly, digital media, including ebooks, audiobooks, and online articles, has expanded the accessibility and convenience of reading. People can now carry entire libraries on their devices, making reading possible anywhere and at any time. This shift to digital does represent a change in the medium through which many people read, but it doesn't necessarily diminish the importance of books; rather, it transforms their format. For example, the increasing popularity of audiobooks has opened up the world of literature to busy commuters and those who may struggle with traditional printed text.

Furthermore, despite the digital surge, physical books continue to hold a unique appeal. Many readers prefer the tactile experience of holding a book and the absence of screen glare. Physical books do not require batteries or an internet connection, making them particularly valuable in areas with limited digital infrastructure. Additionally, books as physical objects can have sentimental value and aesthetic qualities that enhance personal libraries or serve as meaningful gifts.

In conclusion, although digital media has changed how we access and consume literature, it has not decreased the significance of books in everyday life. Instead, it has broadened the ways in which literature can be appreciated and accessed, indicating an evolution rather than a decline in the importance of books.

With the increasing prevalence of fast food, health issues related to diet have become more common. Should there be stricter regulations on fast food restaurants? Support your argument with reasons and examples.

In the face of rising health issues associated with diet, largely propelled by the widespread availability of fast food, there is a compelling argument for the implementation of stricter regulations on fast food restaurants. Primarily, such regulations could directly address the nutritional content of the foods offered, ensuring healthier options are available and prominent. This could include mandatory calorie counts on menus and restrictions on certain harmful ingredients like trans fats, which have been linked to heart disease.

Moreover, stricter regulations could also mandate fast food chains to provide clear and accessible nutritional information, empowering consumers to make more informed choices about their food consumption. For instance, detailed descriptions of ingredients and potential allergens could prevent health risks among individuals with dietary restrictions or allergies.

In addition, implementing regulations on marketing practices, especially those targeted at children, could reduce the appeal of unhealthy fast food options to vulnerable groups. The compelling nature of fast food advertising significantly influences eating habits, particularly in children, leading to poor dietary choices that carry into adulthood.

By enforcing these measures, not only could the immediate health of consumers improve, but it could also instigate a broader cultural shift towards healthier eating practices across society.

The arts (music, visual arts, theater) are as important as the sciences in education. How far do you agree with this statement? Justify your viewpoint with examples from your own experiences or observations.

I strongly agree that the arts are as essential as the sciences in education, as they contribute uniquely to the development of well-rounded individuals. Integrating arts into the curriculum fosters creativity, emotional expression, and cultural awareness, which are vital in today’s diverse society.

From my own experience, participation in school theater productions not only honed my public speaking skills but also enhanced my ability to work collaboratively within a team. These are practical skills that are valuable in any professional environment, not just in the arts. Moreover, the confidence I gained from performing in front of an audience has been instrumental in other areas of my academic and personal life, such as during presentations in science classes or leading group projects.

Observationally, I’ve noticed that students who engage in artistic activities seem more adept at problem-solving and thinking outside the box—skills that are crucial in scientific fields as well. For instance, a friend who excels in both music and mathematics often explains how studying music theory has improved her ability to recognize patterns and solve complex equations, suggesting a complementary relationship between these disciplines.

Therefore, I believe that sidelining the arts in favor of a more science-heavy curriculum could hinder the development of diverse skills that are applicable across various fields. Both the arts and sciences are fundamental to fostering a holistic educational environment that prepares students for the multifaceted challenges of the future.

Privacy in the digital age is increasingly becoming a myth. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss the implications and provide examples to support your viewpoint.

I agree significantly with the statement that privacy in the digital age is increasingly becoming a myth. In today’s world, the proliferation of digital technologies means that vast amounts of personal data are collected, stored, and analyzed by various entities, often without the explicit consent of individuals.

For instance, social media platforms gather data on users' browsing habits, personal interests, and even location histories to tailor advertisements and content. This data collection is so pervasive that escaping it completely is nearly impossible unless one entirely opts out of using digital services, which is impractical for most people.

Moreover, the use of smartphones and other connected devices has led to a situation where privacy breaches are not just possible but are occurring with alarming regularity. Hackers can gain unauthorized access to personal information, leading to identity theft and financial fraud. Companies might also suffer data breaches that expose sensitive user information.

The implications of this erosion of privacy are profound. It affects individuals’ sense of security and can lead to a chilling effect on free expression online. People may feel less inclined to share honest opinions or explore sensitive topics if they fear that their activities are being monitored.

In conclusion, while technology has brought many benefits, the cost to personal privacy is a significant concern. The digital age indeed challenges the notion of privacy, turning it into something that feels more like a privilege than a guaranteed right.

Globalization brings more positive impacts than negative ones on cultures around the world. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Support your view with examples and reasons.

I agree that globalization tends to have more positive impacts than negative ones on cultures around the world. Globalization encourages the exchange of ideas, traditions, and values among diverse cultures, leading to greater understanding and cooperation among people.

One positive impact of globalization is the increased exposure to different cultures, which can enrich a society. For example, through globalization, culinary traditions from around the world have been introduced to different countries. This means that people can enjoy a wide variety of foods, such as sushi from Japan, tacos from Mexico, or curry from India, right in their hometowns. This not only enhances the culinary experience but also promotes appreciation and respect for other cultures.

Another benefit of globalization is the spread of technology and innovation. When cultures collaborate, they share technologies that can improve lives. For instance, many developing countries have experienced rapid technological advances due to globalization, such as access to smartphones and the internet. This connectivity helps bridge cultural gaps and fosters global awareness among populations.

However, it is important to acknowledge that globalization can also lead to the dilution of cultural identities if not managed properly. When cultures adopt aspects of others too rapidly, they may lose parts of their own traditions and heritage. Nonetheless, with conscious efforts to preserve cultural uniqueness while embracing beneficial exchanges, globalization can significantly enrich cultures rather than diminish them.

In conclusion, while there are some drawbacks, the positive impacts of globalization on cultures around the world generally outweigh the negatives, leading to a more interconnected and harmonious global society.

Renewable energy should completely replace fossil fuels in the next 20 years. Discuss the feasibility and implications of this statement. Provide arguments and examples to support your viewpoint.

The idea of replacing fossil fuels entirely with renewable energy within the next 20 years is ambitious and reflects a growing concern about environmental issues and climate change. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power offer numerous benefits, such as reducing carbon emissions and diminishing pollution, which are crucial for sustaining our environment.

However, the complete replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy in just two decades poses several challenges. First, the infrastructure for renewable energy is not yet fully developed in many parts of the world. Building this infrastructure, including solar farms, wind turbines, and hydroelectric plants, requires significant investment and time. Moreover, the technology for storing energy generated from renewable sources is not as advanced as needed for consistent and reliable energy supply, especially in regions with fluctuating weather conditions.

Additionally, the global economy is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Many industries use fossil fuels not only for energy but also as raw materials in products like plastics and pharmaceuticals. Transitioning these sectors to alternative materials could be complex and costly.

While aiming to replace fossil fuels entirely in 20 years might not be fully feasible, a gradual transition with increasing reliance on renewable sources is more practical. This approach allows for the development of necessary technologies and infrastructure, and provides time for industries to adapt to new methods, making the shift towards renewable energy sustainable and less disruptive to the global economy.

Public transportation should be made free to reduce environmental pollution. Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of this policy. Use examples to support your argument.

Making public transportation free could offer significant environmental benefits. Primarily, it could lead to a decrease in the number of cars on the road. As public transit becomes a more attractive option due to being cost-free, more people might choose it over driving their personal vehicles. This shift could reduce traffic congestion and the emission of pollutants like carbon dioxide, which are major contributors to air pollution and climate change.

Additionally, free public transit could be particularly beneficial in urban areas where traffic congestion is a common issue. For example, in cities like New York or London, where public transport systems are already heavily utilized, making them free could encourage even more commuters to leave their cars at home, further decreasing environmental pollution.

However, there are also potential drawbacks to consider. One major concern is funding. Public transportation systems are expensive to operate, and without fare revenue, money would need to come from other sources, such as increased taxes. This could be unpopular among taxpayers who do not use public transit regularly.

Moreover, if public transportation were free, there could be a surge in usage, potentially leading to overcrowded trains and buses. This could result in a decline in service quality and comfort, possibly deterring people from using public transit despite the lack of cost.

In summary, while offering free public transportation could help reduce environmental pollution and ease urban congestion, it also poses challenges related to funding and capacity.

Mental health awareness should be integrated into school curriculums from a young age. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your opinion with reasons and examples from your own experiences.

I strongly agree with the statement that mental health awareness should be integrated into school curriculums from a young age. Educating children about mental health can foster a positive and supportive environment, where mental well-being is prioritized alongside physical health.

Introducing mental health awareness in schools can equip children with the knowledge to identify and understand their emotions and the emotions of others. This understanding can help reduce the stigma surrounding mental health issues. For example, in my own school years, we rarely discussed mental health, which led to a lot of misconceptions and a general lack of support among peers facing mental health challenges.

Furthermore, incorporating mental health education into the curriculum can provide students with crucial coping mechanisms for stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues. In my experience, many students struggle with stress due to academic pressures but lack the tools to manage it effectively. If I had been taught strategies for dealing with stress in school, I believe I would have been better prepared to handle academic and personal challenges.

Lastly, mental health education can promote a healthier future generation. Children who learn about mental health from a young age are more likely to grow into adults who prioritize their mental well-being, seek help when needed, and support others in their community.

Overall, integrating mental health awareness into the school curriculum is essential for fostering a well-rounded, supportive, and empathetic society.

Education systems should focus more on practical skills than academic knowledge in the modern world. How far do you agree with this assertion? Provide reasons and examples to support your opinion.

In the modern world, the debate between prioritizing practical skills over academic knowledge in education systems is significant. I agree to a large extent that education should focus more on practical skills, as these are crucial in preparing students for real-world challenges.

Firstly, practical skills such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and technical abilities directly apply to various occupational fields. For example, a mechanic uses hands-on skills to repair vehicles, which he would learn more effectively through practical instruction rather than theoretical knowledge alone. Similarly, a nurse benefits more from simulated practice and real-life internships than just textbook information.

Secondly, focusing on practical skills in education systems can make learning more engaging for students. When learners see the direct application of their studies, it can enhance their interest and motivation. For instance, when students engage in projects or experiments, they often find the lessons more memorable and relevant compared to traditional lecture-based learning.

Moreover, in today's rapidly changing job market, employers increasingly value practical skills. They are looking for candidates who can perform tasks effectively from day one, rather than those who only have theoretical knowledge.

While academic knowledge remains important for foundational understanding and critical analysis, integrating more practical skills into the curriculum prepares students better for future careers and daily life. Therefore, education systems should adapt to include a greater emphasis on these practical skills.

With the increasing globalization of business, many people are required to work in countries other than their own. What are the advantages and disadvantages of working abroad? Discuss with reference to cultural and economic aspects.

One major advantage is the opportunity for cultural exchange. Individuals working abroad immerse themselves in a new culture, learn a new language, and experience daily life in a different context. This broadens their perspectives, fosters personal growth, and enhances their adaptability and communication skills. Economically, working abroad can offer higher salaries, better employment opportunities, and the chance to work in industries that may not be available or developed in one’s home country. This can lead to professional advancement and financial benefits.

However, there are notable disadvantages as well. On a cultural level, expatriates might face significant challenges such as language barriers, homesickness, and cultural shock. These factors can lead to feelings of isolation or difficulty in adjusting to the new environment. Economically, while one might earn more, the cost of living in a foreign country can be higher. Additionally, job security can be a concern, especially in countries where foreign workers might be the first to face layoffs during economic downturns.

In conclusion, working abroad can be immensely rewarding but also challenging. The cultural exposure and economic benefits are significant, yet they come with the potential for cultural disorientation and financial uncertainties. Each individual’s experience will vary depending on their circumstances and the country they choose to work in.

The growth of online education has transformed the way students learn around the world. Do the benefits of studying online outweigh the disadvantages? Support your opinion with specific examples and evidence.

The growth of online education has indeed transformed the educational landscape globally, making learning more accessible and flexible than ever before. This transformation brings numerous benefits, but also several disadvantages, which need to be considered.

One of the primary benefits of studying online is accessibility. Students from remote or underserved areas can access quality education that previously might have been out of reach due to geographic or economic barriers. For example, a student in a rural village can now take courses from prestigious universities without the need to relocate.

Another significant advantage is flexibility. Online education allows students to learn at their own pace and on their own schedule. This is particularly beneficial for those who need to balance other responsibilities, such as work or family care, with their studies. It enables them to attend classes and complete assignments whenever it is most convenient, even if that means engaging in learning activities late at night or early in the morning.

However, online education also has its disadvantages. The lack of face-to-face interaction can hinder the development of interpersonal skills and reduce the opportunities for spontaneous discussion and deeper understanding that physical classroom settings offer. Additionally, students may face challenges with self-discipline and motivation without the structured environment of a traditional classroom.

In conclusion, while online education has disadvantages, its benefits of accessibility and flexibility make it a valuable option for many learners, allowing education to be more inclusive and adaptable to individual needs.

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. Discuss the role that individual actions can play in combating climate change. Are these actions enough to make a significant difference, or should the focus be on governmental and corporate policies?

Climate change represents a critical challenge that affects everyone globally. It's clear that addressing this issue requires action at various levels, including individual, corporate, and governmental.

Individual actions, such as reducing energy consumption, recycling, and using public transportation, are important. These efforts can lead to significant environmental benefits. For example, when people choose to recycle or cut down on waste, they help reduce pollution and conserve resources. Similarly, opting for public transport or carpooling can decrease the number of vehicles on the road, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

However, while these actions are beneficial and necessary, they may not be sufficient on their own to combat climate change effectively. This is because individual choices can only do so much when larger structural and systemic issues persist. For instance, if the energy provided to homes and businesses is still largely sourced from fossil fuels, individual efforts to reduce consumption will still indirectly support these harmful industries.

Therefore, the focus should also strongly be on governmental and corporate policies. Governments have the capacity to enact laws and regulations that require businesses to reduce emissions and promote renewable energy sources. Corporations, which are major contributors to pollution, must also be held accountable and encouraged to adopt more sustainable practices.

In conclusion, while individual actions are a part of the solution to climate change, they need to be supported by robust governmental and corporate policies to truly make a significant impact.

Public art plays an important role in cities around the world. What are the benefits of investing in public art, and how does it impact communities? Discuss with examples from different cities that you are familiar with or have researched.

Public art significantly enhances urban environments worldwide, offering numerous benefits to communities. By investing in public artworks, cities can transform mundane spaces into vibrant areas that foster community engagement and cultural expression.

One primary benefit of public art is its ability to beautify cities. For example, sculptures and murals in places like New York City's High Line Park convert an old rail line into a captivating outdoor gallery, making the area more attractive to both locals and tourists. This beautification helps improve the overall atmosphere of urban spaces, making them more welcoming and enjoyable.

Additionally, public art serves as a platform for cultural expression and education. In Melbourne, Australia, the city’s laneways are adorned with ever-changing street art, showcasing works that reflect current social issues and cultural trends. This not only enriches the urban aesthetic but also stimulates discussions among viewers, promoting a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives within the community.

Public art also boosts local economies by attracting tourism. Cities like Lisbon have integrated public art into their tourism strategies, drawing visitors eager to explore unique installations and vibrant street art scenes. This influx of tourists supports local businesses and creates job opportunities, enhancing economic vitality.

In conclusion, investing in public art brings multiple advantages to cities, including beautification, cultural expression, and economic growth. It enriches urban life, making cities not just places to live but places to experience and enjoy.

The rise of remote work has changed how many people work. Discuss the impact of working from home on productivity and work-life balance. Include arguments and examples to support your point of view.

The rise of remote work has significantly transformed the landscape of employment, affecting productivity and work-life balance. On one hand, working from home has led to increased productivity for many. Without the need to commute, employees can save time and start their workday feeling fresher and more focused. Additionally, the flexibility to design their workspace and schedule allows workers to operate during their peak productivity hours, leading to more efficient workdays.

For example, a typical office worker might have spent an hour commuting each way to the office; now, that time can be used for work or personal activities, effectively extending the day without adding stress. This flexibility often results in higher quality of work and faster completion of tasks.

On the other hand, remote work can blur the boundaries between personal life and work, potentially leading to poor work-life balance. The constant presence of work in a home environment can make it difficult to 'switch off' and fully engage in personal activities. Some individuals might find themselves working longer hours than they would in an office because their work is always accessible.

For instance, a parent working from home might continue to answer work emails during family time, finding it hard to fully detach from work responsibilities. This can lead to burnout and reduced overall well-being, as personal time is encroached upon by work demands.

Overall, while remote work offers the advantage of flexibility and potential for increased productivity, it also poses challenges to maintaining a healthy work-life balance.

Urbanization is a trend seen in nearly every country. What are the primary benefits and challenges associated with living in large cities as opposed to rural areas? Use specific examples to illustrate your points.

Urbanization, the migration of people from rural to urban areas, presents both benefits and challenges for those living in large cities.

One of the primary benefits of urban living is the accessibility to amenities and services. Large cities often offer more job opportunities, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and entertainment options than rural areas. For example, a resident of a large city might have the convenience of using public transportation to commute to work, access to diverse cultural festivals, and multiple choices for shopping and dining.

However, urbanization also comes with significant challenges. One major issue is the high cost of living. Housing in large cities can be much more expensive than in rural areas, making it difficult for many people to afford comfortable living spaces. For instance, a small apartment in a major city like New York or London can cost as much as a large house in a rural area.

Additionally, large cities often struggle with pollution and overcrowding. The concentration of vehicles, factories, and large populations can lead to poor air quality and congested streets. This not only affects daily life by increasing commute times but can also have long-term health impacts on the residents.

In conclusion, while urban areas offer enhanced access to services and job opportunities, they also pose economic and environmental challenges. The decision to live in a city or a rural area often depends on personal priorities and lifestyle choices.

The impact of social media on mental health is a topic of growing concern. Analyze how social media usage affects mental well-being, particularly among adolescents. Discuss both the positive and negative aspects, supported by personal experiences and observations.

The impact of social media on mental health, especially among adolescents, is a complex issue with both positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, social media provides a platform for young people to connect with friends and family, share experiences, and express themselves creatively. It can be especially beneficial for those who feel isolated geographically or socially, as it offers a way to communicate with others who share similar interests and experiences.

However, there are also significant negative impacts associated with social media use. One of the main concerns is the pressure to maintain a perfect image online, which can lead to anxiety and low self-esteem. Adolescents may compare themselves to others and feel inadequate if their own lives do not seem as exciting or happy as what they see on their feeds. Additionally, the need to constantly check updates and respond to messages can lead to addiction and reduce the time spent on other important activities, such as studying or sleeping.

From personal observation, it is clear that excessive use of social media can affect young people's mental health. I have seen peers who are deeply affected by the comments and likes they receive, basing their self-worth on these digital validations. This dependence on social media approval can lead to emotional disturbances, highlighting the need for balance and awareness in its use. In conclusion, while social media has its benefits, it is vital to use it wisely and maintain a healthy perspective on its role in our lives.

Multilingualism is increasingly viewed as a necessary skill in the global marketplace. Discuss the advantages and potential challenges of raising children to be bilingual or multilingual. Include personal examples or observations, if relevant.

Multilingualism, the ability to communicate in multiple languages, is becoming an essential skill in today's interconnected world. Raising children to be bilingual or multilingual can offer numerous advantages. Firstly, children who learn multiple languages often develop better cognitive skills, such as problem-solving and critical thinking. This enhanced cognitive flexibility helps them in various areas of learning throughout their lives. Additionally, multilingual children typically have a deeper understanding and appreciation of different cultures, which is invaluable in our diverse global society.

However, there are also challenges associated with raising bilingual or multilingual children. One potential difficulty is the initial confusion that might occur in young children as they try to differentiate and switch between languages. This can sometimes lead to a temporary delay in language proficiency in one or both languages. Another challenge is maintaining the child's interest and proficiency in each language, especially if one language is less spoken in their everyday environment. For instance, a child learning a language that is not spoken by their peers may feel less motivated to use it.

From personal observation, children who grow up in a bilingual household often find innovative ways to merge their languages, creating a rich, unique way of expressing themselves. Although there are challenges, the long-term benefits of raising multilingual children—such as enhanced cultural empathy and better career prospects in a globalized economy—far outweigh the initial hurdles.

The influence of technology on children's development is a topic of growing interest and concern. Discuss the positive and negative effects of early exposure to technology on children's cognitive, social, and physical development.

Technology has a profound impact on children's development, encompassing cognitive, social, and physical aspects. Starting with the positives, technology enhances cognitive development by providing interactive and engaging educational content. Apps and games designed for learning stimulate problem-solving skills and creativity. Children can access a vast array of information that supports diverse learning experiences, aiding in knowledge acquisition and mental growth.

However, technology also presents several challenges. Excessive screen time can hinder cognitive development by reducing attention spans and impairing learning abilities. When children spend too much time on devices, they may struggle to concentrate on longer tasks or complex problems.

Socially, technology offers benefits such as connecting with peers across the globe and enhancing communication skills through interactive and social media platforms. It allows children to build relationships and learn about different cultures, fostering a sense of global community.

Conversely, early exposure to technology can negatively affect social skills. Physical interactions are often replaced by digital communication, which can limit children's ability to develop empathy and understand non-verbal cues. This might lead to isolation and difficulties in forming real-life relationships.

Physically, technology encourages sedentary behavior, which can lead to health issues like obesity and poor posture. Children who are glued to screens for extended periods may not engage enough in physical activities, which are crucial for healthy growth and development.

In conclusion, while technology provides valuable educational tools and connectivity, it is essential to balance its use to safeguard and nurture all aspects of a child's development.

Evaluate the impact of technology on the role of teachers in the classroom. With the increasing use of digital tools and resources, how might the role of teachers evolve in the next decade?

Technology has significantly influenced the role of teachers in the classroom and is poised to further alter their responsibilities and methods in the coming decade. Traditionally, teachers have been the primary source of knowledge, delivering information directly to students. However, with the advent of digital tools and resources, this dynamic is shifting.

One major impact of technology is the transformation of teachers into facilitators rather than sole providers of knowledge. With abundant information available online, teachers are increasingly guiding students on how to access, assess, and apply this information effectively. This involves teaching critical thinking and digital literacy skills, which are essential in navigating the vast resources available on the internet.

Furthermore, technology allows for more personalized learning experiences. Teachers can use software and applications to track individual student performance, identify areas of need, and tailor educational content accordingly. This shift can help meet diverse learning needs within the classroom, making education more inclusive and effective.

In the next decade, the role of teachers is likely to evolve to incorporate more mentorship and coaching. As educational tools become more sophisticated, teachers will spend less time on traditional lecturing and more on supporting students' individual learning journeys. This could lead to a more collaborative and interactive classroom environment where teachers facilitate discussions and project-based learning, enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills among students.

Overall, technology does not diminish the teacher's role but rather enriches it, requiring them to adapt new skills and methods to better serve their students.

Analyze the importance of continuing education in a person's career. How can professionals stay competitive in their fields through lifelong learning?  Should employers support ongoing education for their employees?

Continuing education is crucial for personal and professional development, enabling individuals to stay relevant and competitive in their careers. As industries evolve due to advancements in technology and changes in market demands, the skills that were once sufficient may no longer be adequate. Lifelong learning allows professionals to keep up with new techniques, technologies, and industry standards, ensuring they remain valuable to their employers and on the cutting edge of their fields.

Professionals can engage in lifelong learning in various ways, such as attending workshops, enrolling in courses, or obtaining certifications that are related to their fields. This not only broadens their knowledge and skills but also demonstrates a commitment to their profession and a willingness to invest in their own growth.

Employers play a significant role in supporting ongoing education for their employees. By encouraging and sometimes funding further education and professional development opportunities, employers benefit from a workforce that is skilled, innovative, and efficient. This support can be provided in the form of tuition reimbursement, time off for educational purposes, or access to training programs.

Ultimately, ongoing education is beneficial for both employees and employers. It leads to improved job performance, fosters innovation, and contributes to job satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, it is in the interest of employers to invest in the continuous education of their workforce.

Cultural heritage is important for national identity. To what extent do you think governments should invest in preserving cultural landmarks? Support your view with examples and reasons.

Cultural heritage plays a crucial role in shaping national identity by connecting people to their history and traditions. Governments should invest significantly in preserving cultural landmarks for several reasons.

Firstly, cultural landmarks are physical representations of a country's history and achievements. They remind citizens of their shared past, fostering a sense of unity and pride. For example, historic buildings, monuments, and sites tell the story of a nation's journey through time. Without these landmarks, future generations might lose touch with their heritage and identity.

Secondly, preserving cultural landmarks can boost tourism, which benefits the economy. Tourists are often attracted to countries with rich histories and well-preserved sites. For instance, the preservation of ancient ruins or historic districts can draw visitors from around the world, creating jobs and generating revenue for local businesses.

Additionally, maintaining cultural landmarks can also support education and cultural awareness. Schools and universities can use these sites as real-life classrooms, allowing students to learn about their heritage in an engaging way. This hands-on experience can make history more tangible and memorable for learners.

However, it is important for governments to balance their investments. While preserving cultural landmarks is essential, they should also ensure that funds are allocated to other critical areas such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. By striking the right balance, governments can protect their cultural heritage without neglecting other societal needs.

In conclusion, governments should invest in preserving cultural landmarks to maintain national identity, boost tourism, and support education. These efforts help ensure that future generations remain connected to their heritage while benefiting from the economic and educational advantages such preservation brings.

Education systems around the world are emphasizing STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and math). Should there be equal emphasis on humanities and social sciences? Explain your viewpoint with examples from your own experiences or observations.

Education systems globally are prioritizing STEM subjects to prepare students for the modern workforce. While STEM education is undoubtedly important, I believe that humanities and social sciences deserve equal emphasis. These fields offer critical insights into human behavior, culture, ethics, and communication, which are essential for a well-rounded education.

From my experience, studying humanities subjects such as history, literature, and philosophy has significantly broadened my perspective. For instance, learning about historical events helps us understand current societal structures and challenges. Literature encourages empathy by allowing us to experience diverse lives and viewpoints. Philosophy teaches us to question, reason, and develop strong arguments, fostering critical thinking skills.

Moreover, social sciences like psychology, sociology, and economics equip students with an understanding of societal dynamics and human behavior. These subjects are crucial in developing effective communication skills, conflict resolution, and the ability to work collaboratively in diverse teams. For example, understanding economic principles can help individuals make informed financial decisions, while knowledge of psychology can improve interpersonal relationships.

In today's interconnected world, problems are rarely isolated within one discipline. Addressing global challenges such as climate change, poverty, and healthcare requires interdisciplinary approaches. STEM provides the technical solutions, but humanities and social sciences offer the ethical and social frameworks necessary for implementing these solutions responsibly.

In conclusion, equal emphasis on humanities and social sciences alongside STEM subjects is vital for nurturing well-rounded individuals capable of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and effective communication. These skills are indispensable in both personal and professional spheres, contributing to a more empathetic and informed society.

Climate change is often described as the greatest challenge of our time. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your argument with examples and reasons.

Climate change is often considered the greatest challenge of our time, and I agree with this statement to a significant extent. The reasons are clear and multifaceted, affecting both the environment and human life on a global scale.

Firstly, climate change leads to extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events disrupt lives, destroy homes, and cause significant economic damage. For instance, stronger and more frequent hurricanes devastate coastal regions, displacing families and requiring massive rebuilding efforts. Similarly, prolonged droughts affect agricultural productivity, leading to food shortages and higher prices, which hit the poorest communities the hardest.

Secondly, climate change affects biodiversity. As temperatures rise, many species are unable to adapt quickly enough, leading to extinction or forced migration. The loss of biodiversity affects ecosystems, which in turn impacts human life. For example, bees are crucial for pollinating many of the crops we rely on for food. A decline in bee populations due to changing climates can threaten food security.

Furthermore, climate change has health implications. Increased temperatures contribute to the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, which thrive in warmer climates. Additionally, heatwaves can cause heat strokes and exacerbate existing health conditions, especially among the elderly and children.

Addressing climate change requires a global effort. It is not just an environmental issue but one that affects economies, health, and social stability. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have roles to play in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating the impacts. In conclusion, given its widespread and profound effects, climate change indeed stands as one of the greatest challenges of our time.

Video games are often blamed for violence in youth. Do you think video games influence behavior? Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

Video games are a popular form of entertainment, especially among young people. Some believe that these games can lead to violent behavior, but this connection is not straightforward. While it's true that some video games contain violent content, whether they cause violent behavior depends on various factors.

First, it's important to consider the environment in which a young person is playing these games. If a child is raised in a supportive and understanding family, they are more likely to distinguish between game violence and real-life behavior. Parents and guardians play a crucial role in guiding their children and helping them understand that what happens in a game should not be imitated in real life.

Second, video games can have positive effects. Many games require strategic thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork. For instance, multiplayer games encourage cooperation and communication skills. These positive aspects can contribute to a child's development in beneficial ways, showing that video games are not entirely negative.

Additionally, it's worth noting that not all children who play violent video games become violent. Many children can play these games and still lead peaceful, productive lives. This suggests that individual personality and external influences, like family, friends, and community, are more significant factors in determining behavior than video games alone.

In conclusion, while video games with violent content might influence behavior to some extent, they are not the sole cause of violence in youth. A child's environment, guidance from adults, and individual personality are much more crucial in shaping behavior. Therefore, blaming video games alone for youth violence oversimplifies a complex issue.

Recycling should be mandatory for everyone. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Discuss your reasons and give examples.

I strongly agree that recycling should be mandatory for everyone. Recycling helps reduce waste and conserve natural resources. When we recycle, materials like paper, plastic, glass, and metal can be reused to make new products. This reduces the need to extract raw materials from the earth, which can harm the environment.

One of the main reasons recycling should be mandatory is to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. Landfills take up a lot of space and can produce harmful chemicals that pollute the soil and water. By recycling, we can decrease the amount of waste in landfills and protect our environment.

Another important reason is that recycling can save energy. Producing new products from raw materials requires a lot of energy, but recycling uses less energy. For example, recycling aluminum cans saves about 95% of the energy needed to make new ones from raw materials. This energy savings can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change.

Moreover, mandatory recycling can create jobs and boost the economy. Recycling programs need workers for collection, sorting, and processing materials. This can provide employment opportunities in communities and contribute to economic growth.

Some people might argue that making recycling mandatory is inconvenient or expensive. However, the long-term benefits of recycling far outweigh these short-term challenges. Many communities have already implemented successful recycling programs, proving that it is feasible and effective.

In conclusion, mandatory recycling is a crucial step toward a sustainable future. It helps protect the environment, saves energy, and creates jobs. Everyone should participate in recycling to ensure a cleaner, healthier planet for future generations.

Eating together as a family is important. Do you agree? Justify your answer with reasons and personal experiences.

I strongly agree that eating together as a family is important. Sharing meals brings family members closer and strengthens relationships. In today’s busy world, finding time to connect with loved ones can be challenging, and mealtime offers a perfect opportunity for this connection.

One reason eating together is important is that it allows family members to communicate and share their experiences. When I was growing up, my family always made it a point to have dinner together. During these meals, we would talk about our day, discuss any problems we were facing, and celebrate our achievements. This open communication helped us understand each other better and provided emotional support.

Another reason is that eating together creates a sense of routine and stability. For children, especially, having a set time to eat with the family can provide a sense of security and belonging. I remember looking forward to dinner time because it was a moment when we could all be together, regardless of how busy our schedules were. This routine helped me feel grounded and gave me something to rely on.

Additionally, eating together can promote healthier eating habits. When families eat together, they are more likely to prepare home-cooked meals, which tend to be healthier than fast food or takeout. In my family, we often cooked meals together, which taught me valuable cooking skills and the importance of a balanced diet.

In conclusion, eating together as a family is important because it fosters communication, creates stability, and encourages healthy eating habits. These benefits have a lasting impact on family relationships and individual well-being.

Online shopping is becoming more popular than going to physical stores. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? Explain your opinion with examples.

Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years, and this trend brings both positive and negative aspects. Overall, I believe the positives outweigh the negatives, making it a beneficial development for many reasons.

Firstly, online shopping offers unparalleled convenience. People can browse and purchase items from the comfort of their homes without the need to travel to physical stores. This saves time and effort, especially for those with busy schedules or limited mobility. Additionally, online stores are open 24/7, allowing people to shop whenever it suits them, unlike physical stores with fixed operating hours.

Secondly, online shopping provides access to a wider range of products. Customers can easily compare prices and features from different sellers around the world, often finding unique or better-priced items that are not available locally. This increased variety enhances the shopping experience and often leads to more informed purchasing decisions.

However, there are also some drawbacks to online shopping. One significant concern is the impact on local businesses. As more people choose to shop online, small local stores may struggle to compete, potentially leading to their closure. This can negatively affect communities by reducing the availability of personalized customer service and the charm of local shopping areas.

Additionally, online shopping can lead to impulsive buying due to the ease of making purchases. Without the physical act of going to a store, people might buy things they don’t really need, leading to unnecessary spending and waste.

In conclusion, while online shopping presents some challenges, its benefits of convenience, variety, and accessibility make it a positive development overall. With mindful shopping habits and support for local businesses, we can enjoy the advantages of online shopping while mitigating its downsides.

Sports are important in the development of young people. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give examples and reasons to explain your view.

Sports play a crucial role in the development of young people for several reasons. Firstly, sports promote physical health. Engaging in regular physical activity helps young people maintain a healthy weight, develop strong muscles and bones, and improve cardiovascular health. This foundation of physical fitness can lead to a healthier lifestyle as they grow older.

Secondly, sports teach valuable life skills. Participating in sports requires discipline, time management, and teamwork. Young people learn how to set goals, work hard to achieve them, and manage their time effectively to balance sports with academic and other responsibilities. Team sports, in particular, teach cooperation, communication, and how to work with others towards a common goal. These skills are essential in both personal and professional life.

Additionally, sports can boost mental health and social development. Physical activity is known to reduce stress and anxiety, and participating in sports can improve mood and overall mental well-being. Being part of a team or sports community provides a sense of belonging and can help young people build friendships and social networks. This social interaction is important for developing communication skills and self-confidence.

Finally, sports can instill a sense of discipline and perseverance. The challenges and setbacks faced in sports teach young people resilience and the importance of hard work and dedication. These qualities can be applied to various aspects of life, helping young people overcome obstacles and achieve their goals.

In conclusion, sports significantly contribute to the physical, mental, and social development of young people. By promoting health, teaching life skills, and providing social interaction, sports help shape well-rounded and resilient individuals.

"Televised sports are as important to society as live sports events." Debate this claim, considering both the social and economic impacts of each.

Televised sports and live sports events both hold significant importance in society, each bringing unique social and economic impacts.

Televised sports have revolutionized the way people engage with sports. They offer accessibility, allowing millions to watch games from the comfort of their homes. This inclusivity means that regardless of location or financial capability, people can enjoy major sporting events. Televised sports also bring families and friends together, fostering social bonds as they gather to watch their favorite teams. Economically, televised sports generate substantial revenue through advertising and broadcasting rights, supporting various industries such as media, hospitality, and retail.

On the other hand, live sports events provide an irreplaceable experience. The atmosphere in a stadium, with its excitement and energy, creates a sense of community among fans. Attending a live game can be a memorable experience, one that televised events can't fully replicate. Live events also boost local economies significantly. From ticket sales to merchandise and food, the spending associated with attending games supports local businesses and provides jobs.

However, live events have limitations. They can be costly, making them less accessible to many people. Travel and accommodation can add to the expense, making it a luxury for some. In contrast, televised sports break down these barriers, offering a more democratic form of entertainment.

In conclusion, both televised and live sports events are crucial to society. Televised sports provide broad access and significant economic benefits through widespread viewership. Live sports events, while less accessible, offer unique experiences and support local economies directly. Together, they complement each other, enhancing the overall impact of sports on society.

"Libraries are no longer necessary in the digital age." Challenge or support this statement using specific examples and reasoning.

Libraries have always been vital centers for learning and community engagement. Despite the advent of the digital age, libraries remain necessary, and their roles have evolved rather than diminished.

Firstly, libraries offer access to resources that many people might not afford otherwise. Not everyone has the luxury of owning a computer or subscribing to various online databases. Libraries provide free internet access and computers, making them essential for bridging the digital divide. They ensure that all members of the community, regardless of their financial situation, have access to information and technology.

Additionally, libraries serve as community hubs. They host events, workshops, and programs that cater to various interests and age groups. These activities promote lifelong learning, cultural exchange, and social interaction. For instance, children's story hours, job search workshops, and book clubs are just a few examples of how libraries foster a sense of community and support personal development.

Moreover, the digital age has brought about an overwhelming amount of information, and not all of it is reliable. Libraries offer a curated collection of resources, both physical and digital, ensuring that the information is accurate and trustworthy. Librarians play a crucial role in helping people navigate this information landscape, teaching them how to find, evaluate, and use information effectively.

In conclusion, libraries are more important than ever in the digital age. They provide equal access to technology, serve as community centers, and offer reliable information. Rather than becoming obsolete, libraries have adapted to meet the changing needs of society, continuing to be indispensable resources for learning and connection.

Explore the potential consequences of eliminating cash and moving to a fully digital economy. What might be the benefits and drawbacks of such a shift?

Eliminating cash and transitioning to a fully digital economy can bring about significant changes in how we manage and use money. One of the main benefits is convenience. Digital payments are quick and easy, allowing people to make transactions with just a tap or a click. This can save time and reduce the need to carry physical money, which can be lost or stolen. Digital transactions also create a record, making it easier to track spending and manage finances.

Another advantage is security. Digital payments can be more secure than cash, as they often include protections against theft and fraud. If money is stolen or lost, digital systems can sometimes recover it, unlike cash, which is gone once taken.

However, there are also drawbacks to consider. One major concern is privacy. Digital transactions can be tracked, and this data could be used in ways that infringe on personal privacy. For example, companies could use this information for targeted advertising, or governments could monitor financial activities more closely.

Additionally, moving to a fully digital economy could exclude those who are not tech-savvy or who do not have access to digital devices. This includes older adults, people in remote areas, and those who cannot afford smartphones or computers. These groups might find it challenging to adapt to a cashless society, leading to greater inequality.

In conclusion, while a fully digital economy offers convenience and security, it also raises important issues around privacy and accessibility. It is crucial to consider these factors to ensure that everyone can benefit from such a shift.

Discuss the role of social media in shaping public opinion during election campaigns. Evaluate whether social media platforms should have a greater responsibility in regulating misinformation. Provide examples to support your argument.

Social media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion during election campaigns. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram provide a space where people can share their views, follow political leaders, and access news. These platforms make it easy for information to spread quickly, allowing voters to stay informed and engage in discussions about the candidates and their policies.

However, social media can also be a breeding ground for misinformation. False news and misleading content can influence people's opinions and decisions, sometimes without them even realizing it. For instance, during election campaigns, fake news stories can go viral, spreading incorrect information about candidates. This can sway public opinion unfairly and affect the outcome of an election.

Given this, social media platforms should take on a greater responsibility in regulating misinformation. They have the tools and technology to detect and remove false content. By implementing stricter policies and improving their fact-checking processes, social media companies can help ensure that the information people see is accurate. This would help voters make more informed decisions based on facts rather than falsehoods.

For example, platforms can flag suspicious posts and provide users with links to verified information. They can also work with independent fact-checkers to review content and take down posts that spread false information. By taking these steps, social media platforms can play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of election campaigns and supporting a healthy democratic process.

Mental health awareness has increased significantly in the past decade. Discuss the impact of this greater awareness on societal attitudes and healthcare policies. Support your discussion with examples of changes in public perception or policy shifts.

The past decade has seen a significant increase in mental health awareness, which has had a profound impact on societal attitudes and healthcare policies. This greater awareness has led to a shift in how people view mental health, moving from a taboo subject to an important topic of public conversation. Society is now more accepting and understanding of mental health issues, which has helped reduce the stigma that once surrounded them. People are more willing to talk about their experiences, seek help, and support others who are struggling.

In terms of healthcare policies, this shift in awareness has prompted changes that aim to improve mental health services and accessibility. For example, many countries have implemented policies that require health insurance to cover mental health treatments just as they would physical health treatments. This ensures that more people can afford to get the help they need. Additionally, there has been an increase in funding for mental health programs, including those in schools and workplaces, which focus on early intervention and prevention.

Public campaigns and educational programs have also played a crucial role in changing perceptions and policies. Campaigns such as World Mental Health Day and Mental Health Awareness Month bring attention to the importance of mental health, encouraging people to seek help and support each other. Schools and workplaces are increasingly offering mental health training and resources, which helps create environments where mental well-being is prioritized.

Overall, the increase in mental health awareness has led to a more supportive and understanding society, as well as significant improvements in healthcare policies, making mental health care more accessible and equitable for all.

Examine the influence of artificial intelligence on creative industries such as music, writing, and art. Discuss whether AI can truly be creative or if it merely mimics human creativity. Use specific examples to support your points.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted creative industries such as music, writing, and art. AI tools like deep learning algorithms and neural networks can produce music compositions, generate written content, and create visual art pieces. These advancements have sparked debates about whether AI can be truly creative or if it merely mimics human creativity.

In the music industry, AI can compose songs by analyzing patterns in existing music. For example, AI programs have created symphonies in the style of famous composers like Beethoven. These compositions can be impressive, but they often lack the emotional depth and personal touch that human composers bring to their work. While AI can generate new music, it does so by processing and combining existing patterns, which suggests it is mimicking rather than creating original content.

In writing, AI tools like language models can generate articles, stories, and even poetry. These models analyze vast amounts of text to learn grammar, style, and structure. While AI-generated writing can be coherent and well-structured, it often lacks the nuanced understanding and emotional resonance of human writing. For instance, an AI can write a news article, but it may miss the subtle insights and perspectives that a human journalist provides.

In the art world, AI can create paintings and digital art by learning from a database of images. AI-generated art can be visually striking and innovative, but it typically relies on pre-existing styles and techniques. This reliance on existing data suggests that AI is imitating rather than inventing new artistic expressions.

In conclusion, while AI has made impressive strides in creative industries, its creations often lack the emotional and personal elements that characterize true human creativity. AI mimics patterns and styles, producing content that is impressive yet fundamentally derivative. Thus, AI's role in creative fields is more about enhancing and augmenting human creativity rather than replacing it.

The aging population in many countries presents economic and social challenges. Discuss the implications of this demographic shift and propose solutions that could alleviate potential problems. Include examples of successful aging policies from around the world.

The aging population in many countries presents both economic and social challenges that need addressing. Economically, an increasing number of elderly people means a higher demand for pensions and healthcare services. This puts pressure on government budgets and can lead to higher taxes or reduced spending in other areas. Additionally, a smaller working-age population can result in a shortage of workers, which can hinder economic growth and productivity.

Socially, the aging population may face issues such as loneliness, inadequate care, and age discrimination. Older individuals often require more healthcare and support services, which can strain family members and social systems. Without proper care, the quality of life for the elderly can significantly decline, leading to increased rates of depression and other health issues.

To alleviate these potential problems, several solutions can be considered. Firstly, policies that encourage higher birth rates, such as family-friendly work policies, child care support, and parental leave, can help balance the age distribution. Secondly, immigration policies that attract younger workers can help mitigate the labor shortage and support the economy.

Implementing successful aging policies is also crucial. For example, in Japan, the government has introduced programs that promote lifelong learning and active aging, encouraging older adults to stay engaged in the workforce and community. Similarly, in Nordic countries, comprehensive social welfare systems ensure that elderly citizens receive adequate healthcare and financial support, reducing the burden on families and improving overall well-being.

By adopting and adapting these policies, countries can better manage the economic and social challenges posed by an aging population, ensuring a more balanced and supportive society for all ages.

The importance of cybersecurity has never been more evident. Discuss the key challenges that individuals and companies face in maintaining digital security. Propose strategies that could improve overall cybersecurity readiness.

The importance of cybersecurity has never been more evident in today's digital age. Both individuals and companies face numerous challenges in maintaining digital security. One key challenge is the increasing sophistication of cyber-attacks. Hackers are constantly developing new methods to breach systems, making it difficult to stay ahead of threats. Another challenge is the human factor. Many security breaches occur due to human error, such as weak passwords or falling for phishing scams. Additionally, the vast amount of data being generated and stored online makes it a lucrative target for cybercriminals.

Companies face the additional challenge of protecting not only their own data but also the data of their customers. This responsibility requires significant resources, both in terms of technology and personnel. Smaller companies, in particular, may struggle to allocate sufficient funds for comprehensive cybersecurity measures.

To improve overall cybersecurity readiness, several strategies can be implemented. First, education and training are crucial. Individuals and employees should be regularly trained on best practices for digital security, such as creating strong passwords and recognizing phishing attempts. Second, companies should invest in robust cybersecurity infrastructure. This includes up-to-date antivirus software, firewalls, and encryption tools to protect sensitive data.

Third, adopting a proactive approach to cybersecurity can make a significant difference. This involves regularly updating software and systems to fix vulnerabilities and conducting frequent security audits to identify potential weaknesses. Lastly, fostering a culture of cybersecurity within organizations can help. Encouraging employees to prioritize security and report suspicious activities can lead to a more secure digital environment.

By addressing these challenges and implementing these strategies, individuals and companies can enhance their cybersecurity readiness and better protect themselves against digital threats.

Explore the ethical implications of genetic engineering in humans. Discuss the potential benefits and risks of editing human DNA, using examples from scientific research or speculative scenarios.

Genetic engineering in humans is a fascinating and controversial topic. On one hand, it offers the potential to eliminate genetic diseases, improve human capabilities, and extend life expectancy. On the other hand, it raises significant ethical concerns about the impact on society and the natural course of human evolution.

One potential benefit of genetic engineering is the ability to eradicate hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis or Huntington's disease. By editing the DNA of embryos, scientists can remove or alter genes that cause these conditions, leading to healthier individuals and potentially reducing the overall burden on healthcare systems. This technology could also be used to enhance human abilities, such as improving intelligence, physical strength, or resistance to diseases.

However, these advancements come with serious ethical risks. One major concern is the possibility of creating a genetic divide in society. If only wealthy individuals can afford genetic enhancements, it could lead to increased inequality and social division. Additionally, there is the risk of unintended consequences. Editing the human genome is complex and not fully understood, and changes could have unforeseen effects on the individual and their descendants.

Furthermore, the idea of "playing God" by altering human DNA raises moral questions. Some argue that it is unnatural and that humans should not interfere with the fundamental aspects of life. Others worry about the loss of genetic diversity and the potential for new forms of discrimination based on genetic characteristics.

In conclusion, while genetic engineering in humans has the potential to bring significant benefits, it also poses serious ethical challenges. Society must carefully consider these implications and establish regulations to ensure that this powerful technology is used responsibly and equitably.

The rise of veganism and plant-based diets has implications for health, the environment, and the economy. Discuss the potential impacts of a widespread shift to plant-based eating.

The rise of veganism and plant-based diets is a significant trend that can affect health, the environment, and the economy in various ways.

Firstly, on health, shifting to a plant-based diet can lead to numerous benefits. Plant-based foods are often rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, and can help in reducing the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. People who adopt vegan diets may experience improved digestion and overall well-being. However, it is essential to ensure that a plant-based diet is balanced and includes all necessary nutrients, which might require more careful meal planning.

Secondly, the environmental impact of widespread plant-based eating can be profound. The production of plant-based foods generally requires fewer resources, such as water and land, compared to animal-based foods. Additionally, it generates fewer greenhouse gas emissions, which are a significant contributor to climate change. A global shift towards plant-based diets could help reduce deforestation and biodiversity loss, contributing to a healthier planet.

Lastly, the economic implications of a move towards plant-based diets can be both positive and challenging. The demand for plant-based products could spur innovation and growth in the food industry, creating new jobs and market opportunities. However, it might also disrupt traditional agricultural sectors that rely heavily on livestock farming. Farmers and businesses might need support and adaptation strategies to transition to new methods and crops.

In conclusion, a widespread shift to plant-based eating holds potential benefits for health and the environment, while also presenting economic opportunities and challenges. Careful planning and support will be essential to manage this transition effectively.

Debate the pros and cons of implementing a four-day workweek in various industries. Consider productivity, work-life balance, and economic impacts. Provide case studies or hypothetical scenarios to illustrate your points.

Implementing a four-day workweek has both advantages and disadvantages, impacting productivity, work-life balance, and the economy in various ways.

One of the main benefits of a four-day workweek is improved work-life balance. Employees have more time to spend with their families, pursue hobbies, or rest, which can lead to higher job satisfaction and overall well-being. This can also reduce stress and burnout, resulting in happier and healthier employees.

Productivity might also see a boost. With longer weekends, employees may return to work more refreshed and motivated. For instance, some companies that have adopted a four-day workweek report that their workers accomplish the same amount, if not more, in less time. This suggests that shorter workweeks could lead to more focused and efficient work.

However, there are potential downsides. In industries where continuous service is crucial, such as healthcare or customer service, a four-day workweek might be challenging to implement without affecting service quality. Companies may need to hire more staff or adjust shift patterns, which can increase operational costs.

Economic impacts can be mixed. On one hand, reduced work hours can lead to lower operational costs for businesses, such as savings on utilities and office supplies. On the other hand, if productivity does not increase proportionally, companies might face higher labor costs per hour worked, which can affect their competitiveness.

In a hypothetical scenario, consider a tech company that switches to a four-day workweek. Employees might initially enjoy the extra day off, but if deadlines remain tight, the pressure to deliver could increase, potentially leading to stress. Conversely, a creative agency could benefit greatly, as employees might produce higher-quality work due to reduced burnout.

In conclusion, while a four-day workweek offers significant benefits for work-life balance and potential productivity gains, it also presents challenges in maintaining service levels and economic viability in certain industries. Each company must weigh these factors carefully before making a decision.

Examine the role of women in leadership positions within corporations and government. Discuss the barriers they face and propose solutions to increase female representation in leadership roles.

Women in leadership positions within corporations and government play a crucial role in fostering diversity, promoting innovative ideas, and driving social progress. However, they often face significant barriers that hinder their advancement to these roles.

One major barrier is the persistent gender stereotypes that suggest women are less capable leaders compared to men. These stereotypes can lead to biases in hiring and promotion practices, making it harder for women to reach top positions. Additionally, women often struggle with work-life balance due to societal expectations regarding family responsibilities. This challenge can limit their career growth and opportunities for leadership roles.

Another barrier is the lack of mentorship and support networks for women. Men are more likely to have mentors who can guide them and advocate for their career advancement. Without similar support, women may find it more difficult to navigate their career paths and access leadership positions.

To increase female representation in leadership roles, several solutions can be implemented. First, organizations and governments should actively promote gender diversity by setting clear goals and policies to ensure equal opportunities for women. This can include initiatives such as gender quotas or diversity training programs to address unconscious biases.

Second, creating supportive environments for women in the workplace is essential. This can involve offering flexible work arrangements, such as remote work or flexible hours, to help women balance their professional and personal responsibilities. Additionally, establishing mentorship programs specifically for women can provide them with the guidance and support they need to succeed.

Lastly, raising awareness about the importance of gender diversity in leadership can help change societal attitudes and reduce stereotypes. Education and advocacy campaigns can highlight the benefits of having women in leadership positions, encouraging more organizations to prioritize gender equality.

By addressing these barriers and implementing these solutions, we can create a more inclusive and equitable environment where women can thrive in leadership roles, benefiting both organizations and society as a whole.

Write an essay on the impact of social media on modern communication. Discuss how it has changed the way people interact and the consequences for personal relationships and professional communications.

Social media has significantly transformed modern communication, affecting both personal relationships and professional interactions. One of the most noticeable changes is the speed and convenience with which people can now connect. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow individuals to share updates, photos, and messages instantly, regardless of geographical distances. This ease of communication has helped people maintain relationships that might have otherwise faded over time due to physical separation.

In personal relationships, social media has enabled people to stay connected with friends and family, sharing life events and daily experiences. However, it also has downsides. The constant influx of information and the pressure to maintain a certain online image can lead to stress and anxiety. Moreover, online interactions often lack the depth and emotional connection of face-to-face conversations, which can weaken the quality of personal relationships.

Professionally, social media has opened new avenues for networking, marketing, and collaboration. LinkedIn, for example, has become a vital tool for job seekers and employers, enabling them to connect and interact in ways that were not possible before. Businesses use social media to engage with customers, promote products, and build brand loyalty. Despite these benefits, there are challenges as well. Miscommunications can occur easily through text, leading to misunderstandings and conflicts. Additionally, the line between personal and professional lives can become blurred, sometimes leading to issues with privacy and professionalism.

In conclusion, social media has revolutionized communication by making it faster and more accessible. While it has brought many advantages in maintaining relationships and facilitating professional interactions, it also poses challenges that need to be managed carefully to maintain the quality and integrity of our communications.

Discuss the role of renewable energy sources in combating climate change. Evaluate the potential of solar and wind power in replacing fossil fuels and the challenges that might arise during this transition. Use examples from various countries.

Renewable energy sources play a crucial role in combating climate change by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels, which are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Among these renewable sources, solar and wind power stand out for their potential to significantly replace fossil fuels.

Solar power harnesses energy from the sun using photovoltaic panels. Countries like Germany and Australia have made great strides in integrating solar power into their energy grids. Germany, for instance, has implemented policies that encourage the installation of solar panels on rooftops, making solar energy more accessible to households and businesses. Similarly, Australia benefits from its sunny climate, allowing it to generate substantial solar power.

Wind power is another promising renewable energy source. It involves using wind turbines to convert wind energy into electricity. Denmark and the United States are leading examples of countries investing heavily in wind power. Denmark aims to be completely fossil fuel-free by 2050, largely through wind energy. The U.S. has significant wind farms, particularly in states like Texas, which contribute to a cleaner energy mix.

Despite the promise of solar and wind power, several challenges must be addressed during the transition from fossil fuels. One major challenge is the intermittency of these energy sources; the sun doesn’t always shine, and the wind doesn’t always blow. This intermittency requires the development of efficient energy storage systems and smart grids to ensure a reliable supply of electricity.

Another challenge is the initial cost of setting up renewable energy infrastructure. While long-term savings and environmental benefits are substantial, the upfront investment can be a barrier for many countries. Additionally, existing fossil fuel industries may resist the transition due to economic and employment concerns.

In conclusion, while solar and wind power have the potential to replace fossil fuels and mitigate climate change, addressing their intermittency and the economic challenges of transitioning are essential for a successful shift to a sustainable energy future.

Discuss the importance of preserving indigenous languages. What are the broader cultural and societal implications if these languages continue to disappear, and what steps can be taken to revitalize them?

Preserving indigenous languages is crucial for maintaining the cultural heritage and identity of native communities. These languages are not just means of communication but are deeply embedded with the traditions, knowledge, and worldviews of their speakers. When an indigenous language disappears, it takes with it a unique way of understanding and interacting with the world.

The loss of indigenous languages has broader cultural and societal implications. It often leads to the erosion of cultural diversity, as each language carries its own set of stories, practices, and perspectives. This diversity is valuable because it enriches the global tapestry of human culture and provides different ways of thinking and solving problems. Additionally, the disappearance of these languages can lead to a loss of community cohesion and identity, as language is a key component of group solidarity and continuity.

To revitalize indigenous languages, several steps can be taken. First, education systems should incorporate indigenous languages into their curricula, allowing children to learn and use these languages from a young age. Community programs can also play a role, offering classes and activities that encourage the use of indigenous languages in daily life. Additionally, technology can be a powerful tool, with apps and online resources developed to support language learning and usage.

Governments and organizations should support these efforts by providing funding and resources. Policies that recognize and protect indigenous languages can also create an environment where these languages can thrive. By taking these steps, we can help ensure that indigenous languages continue to be a living part of our world, preserving the cultural richness they bring to all of humanity.

Immigration has complex effects on a country's economy and cultural landscape. What are the challenges and benefits of immigration? What steps can governments take to encourage the advantages and mitigate the disadvantages?

Immigration is a multifaceted issue that brings both challenges and benefits to a country's economy and cultural landscape. One major benefit is that immigrants often fill labor shortages, contributing to economic growth and bringing diverse skills and perspectives. They can start businesses, create jobs, and add to the cultural richness of a society by introducing new traditions, foods, and ideas.

However, immigration also presents challenges. Economically, there may be increased competition for jobs, which can lead to tensions with local workers. Socially, there might be difficulties in integrating immigrants into the community, leading to issues such as discrimination or cultural clashes.

Governments can take several steps to maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges of immigration. Firstly, they can implement policies that facilitate the integration of immigrants into society, such as language and cultural education programs. This helps immigrants adapt to their new environment and promotes mutual understanding with the local population.

Secondly, governments can create fair and efficient immigration systems that match immigrants' skills with labor market needs. This ensures that immigrants can contribute effectively to the economy without displacing local workers. Additionally, offering support for immigrant entrepreneurs can stimulate economic growth and innovation.

Lastly, fostering a culture of inclusivity and respect is crucial. Anti-discrimination laws and community-building initiatives can help create a welcoming environment for immigrants, reducing social tensions and fostering a sense of belonging for everyone.

In conclusion, while immigration poses challenges, it also offers significant benefits. With thoughtful policies and a commitment to inclusivity, governments can harness the positive aspects of immigration while addressing its potential downsides.

The future of work is being reshaped by automation and robotics. What are the potential benefits for the workforce and employers, and what strategies can be implemented to address the challenges this change brings?

Automation and robotics are transforming the future of work, bringing both benefits and challenges. For the workforce, these technologies can improve job efficiency and safety by taking over repetitive or dangerous tasks. This shift allows workers to focus on more complex and creative activities, potentially increasing job satisfaction and opening up new career opportunities. For employers, automation and robotics can lead to cost savings, higher productivity, and consistent quality in production. These benefits can enhance a company's competitiveness and profitability.

However, the transition to a more automated workplace also presents challenges. Workers may face job displacement, requiring new skills to stay relevant in the changing job market. This can lead to economic instability for those unable to adapt quickly. Employers, on the other hand, must invest in new technologies and manage the integration of robots and automation systems, which can be costly and complex.

To address these challenges, several strategies can be implemented. For the workforce, continuous education and training programs are essential. These programs can help workers acquire new skills and adapt to new roles created by automation. Additionally, promoting a culture of lifelong learning can encourage employees to stay updated with technological advancements.

For employers, a phased approach to automation can be beneficial. Gradually introducing new technologies allows time for adjustment and reduces the risk of large-scale disruptions. Collaborating with educational institutions and governments can also help create a supportive ecosystem for both workers and businesses.

In conclusion, while automation and robotics offer significant benefits, careful planning and proactive strategies are crucial to ensuring a smooth transition for both the workforce and employers.

"Fast fashion" refers to the rapid production of large quantities of stylish clothing. It often leads to a lot of waste because once a particular style goes out of fashion, no one wants the clothing any longer. Why is "fast fashion" so popular? Should anything be done to address to the issues associated with it?

Fast fashion is popular for several reasons. Firstly, it offers trendy clothing at affordable prices, making it accessible to a wide range of people. Consumers can quickly update their wardrobes with the latest styles without spending a lot of money. This instant gratification appeals to many, especially younger generations who are influenced by social media and celebrity trends. Additionally, fast fashion brands often release new collections frequently, creating a sense of urgency and excitement among shoppers.

However, fast fashion has significant drawbacks, primarily its environmental impact. The rapid production cycle leads to a high turnover of clothing, resulting in a massive amount of waste. Many of these clothes end up in landfills because they are made of low-quality materials that do not last long. Moreover, the production processes of fast fashion often involve harmful chemicals and significant water usage, contributing to pollution and resource depletion.

To address these issues, several steps can be taken. One approach is to promote sustainable fashion practices. Consumers can be encouraged to buy fewer, higher-quality items that last longer. Additionally, brands can adopt more eco-friendly production methods and use sustainable materials. Another solution is to increase awareness about the environmental impact of fast fashion. Educating people on the consequences of their purchasing choices can lead to more responsible consumer behavior.

In conclusion, while fast fashion's popularity is driven by affordability and trendiness, its negative environmental effects cannot be ignored. By promoting sustainability and raising awareness, we can help mitigate the issues associated with fast fashion.

Mental health has long been an overlooked aspect of our health. However, mental health issues are increasingly discussed more openly. What has caused this increased awareness of the importance of mental health? What other measures could be taken to further increase awareness?

The increased awareness of mental health can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the rise of social media and digital platforms has played a significant role. These platforms allow people to share their personal experiences and struggles with mental health more openly, creating a community of support and understanding. Stories that once went untold are now shared widely, helping to reduce stigma and encourage others to seek help.

Secondly, there has been a growing recognition within the healthcare community of the importance of mental health. Doctors and healthcare professionals now emphasize that mental health is just as crucial as physical health. This shift in perspective has led to more discussions about mental well-being in medical settings and more resources being allocated to mental health services.

Celebrities and public figures have also contributed to this increased awareness. When well-known individuals speak out about their mental health struggles, it resonates with the public and normalizes the conversation around mental health. Their influence helps to break down the barriers and misconceptions associated with mental health issues.

To further increase awareness, educational institutions should integrate mental health education into their curriculums. Teaching students about mental health from a young age can help them understand and manage their emotions better. Additionally, workplaces should implement mental health programs and provide resources for employees to seek help without fear of judgment.

Public campaigns and community programs can also play a significant role. By organizing events, workshops, and seminars, communities can foster a more supportive environment for discussing mental health. Increased funding for mental health research and services is crucial to ensure that those who need help can access it easily. Overall, continued efforts in education, community support, and resource allocation are essential for sustaining and furthering the awareness of mental health.

Debate the necessity and effectiveness of international aid. Is aid beneficial to developing countries, or does it lead to dependency? Provide examples to support your argument.

International aid is a topic of great debate, with arguments both for and against its necessity and effectiveness. On one hand, international aid is seen as crucial for helping developing countries overcome poverty, improve healthcare, and build infrastructure. For example, aid can provide immediate relief in times of crisis, such as natural disasters, by supplying food, clean water, and medical assistance. It can also support long-term development projects, like building schools and hospitals, which are essential for a country's growth and stability.

However, there are concerns that international aid can lead to dependency. When countries rely heavily on aid, they may not develop the necessary skills and resources to sustain themselves. This dependency can create a cycle where aid is continuously needed, rather than fostering self-sufficiency. For instance, some argue that aid can discourage local businesses and agricultural industries, as people may prefer free or subsidized goods over locally produced ones.

Moreover, the effectiveness of aid is often questioned due to issues like corruption and mismanagement. In some cases, aid money does not reach the intended recipients but is instead lost through bureaucratic inefficiencies or siphoned off by corrupt officials. This not only wastes resources but can also undermine trust in international aid efforts.

In conclusion, while international aid has the potential to bring significant benefits to developing countries, it must be carefully managed to avoid fostering dependency and to ensure that the aid reaches those who need it most. Building sustainable systems and empowering local communities are essential to making aid truly effective.

Celebrity endorsements play a significant role in modern marketing strategies. Analyze their impact on consumer behavior and how they influence the perception of brands.

Celebrity endorsements are a powerful tool in modern marketing, significantly impacting consumer behavior and brand perception. When celebrities endorse products, their fans and followers often view these products more favorably. This is because people tend to trust and admire their favorite celebrities, believing that if a product is good enough for them, it must be good enough for everyone.

This influence can be seen in various ways. For instance, a sports star endorsing a particular brand of sneakers can lead to increased sales among their fans who aspire to emulate their success and lifestyle. Similarly, when a popular actor promotes a skincare brand, consumers might believe that using these products will help them achieve similar beauty and confidence.

Celebrity endorsements also help in building brand credibility. A well-known and respected celebrity can lend their positive image to a brand, making it appear more trustworthy and high-quality. This can be especially important for new or lesser-known brands trying to establish themselves in a competitive market.

However, there are potential downsides to this strategy. If a celebrity faces a scandal or public backlash, the brands they endorse can suffer as a result. Consumers might also feel deceived if they find out that the celebrity does not genuinely use or believe in the product they are promoting.

In conclusion, celebrity endorsements can greatly influence consumer behavior and brand perception, making them a valuable marketing strategy. However, companies must carefully choose the right celebrities and manage these relationships to avoid potential risks.

Discuss the role of scientific research in shaping public policy on health issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic. How can governments better utilize scientific advice to make informed decisions?

Scientific research plays a crucial role in shaping public policy, especially in health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. During such times, governments rely heavily on scientific findings to formulate effective strategies to protect public health. Researchers provide essential information on virus transmission, effective treatments, and preventive measures, guiding policymakers in their decisions.

One significant aspect of scientific research is its ability to offer evidence-based recommendations. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists conducted numerous studies to understand how the virus spreads and which interventions are most effective. This information helped governments implement measures such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and vaccination campaigns. Without scientific input, these policies might have been less effective or even harmful.

To better utilize scientific advice, governments can take several steps. Firstly, they should establish clear communication channels between scientists and policymakers. This ensures that scientific findings are promptly and accurately conveyed to those making decisions. Secondly, governments should foster a culture of trust in science among the public. By promoting transparency and explaining the rationale behind policies, they can improve compliance and reduce misinformation.

Additionally, governments should invest in continuous scientific research and ensure that funding is available for studies that address emerging health threats. This proactive approach enables a quicker and more efficient response to future crises. Finally, involving a diverse range of experts from various fields can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the situation, leading to more robust policy decisions.

In conclusion, scientific research is vital for informing public health policy, especially during pandemics. By improving communication, fostering trust, investing in research, and involving diverse experts, governments can better utilize scientific advice to make informed decisions and protect public health.

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Our answers to the top 25 essay writing questions

(Last updated: 13 May 2021)

Since 2006, Oxbridge Essays has been the UK’s leading paid essay-writing and dissertation service

We have helped 10,000s of undergraduate, Masters and PhD students to maximise their grades in essays, dissertations, model-exam answers, applications and other materials. If you would like a free chat about your project with one of our UK staff, then please just reach out on one of the methods below.

We get asked similar questions about essay writing time and time again. From ‘basic’ questions like “How many types of essay are there?” through to more complex questions on structure and language. So, we thought it was high time we gathered all the answers together into one place, where every curious student can turn to when in need.

Below are the top 25 questions students ask us about essay writing and our answers, plus plenty of links to other useful articles on our blog and on the web. Hopefully, this material will help get your essay writing off to a great start!

1. How do you write an academic essay?

You read widely, take copious notes, and develop a sound knowledge both of the broader field and of the debate into which your essay will intervene. You develop an outline and a plan, both to test the feasibility of your thesis and to structure your arguments optimally. You come up with an argument. You support the hell out of it. You structure it impeccably, with appropriate introduction, body, and conclusion. You use all that reading you’ve done to anticipate counter-arguments to your position, and you rebut them. You use all the academic turns of phrase you’ve learned, and above all else, you answer the question!

Want to know more? We’ve got lots of articles on our website to help you through every step of this process. But reading the tips on this page isn’t a bad start…

2. Can you start an essay with a quote?

This really depends on how well you pull it off. A quotation that perfectly encapsulates the essence of your essay topic can be a very effective way of leading your reader into it. On the other hand, it’s common for students to use quotations as a kind of “cop-out”, or a way of avoiding constructing the kind of well-crafted introduction a top-quality essay demands. If you’re writing about an artistic work – like a literary text or a movie – your title might be the best place for a resonant quote that encapsulates the essay question.

You should avoid starting your essay with a quote from a dictionary definition. If you’re asked to discuss a specific term, it’s very likely that term has a specific meaning in your field of study that extends far beyond what any dictionary definition covers, and falling back to the dictionary may simply make your work look ill-researched.

3. How do you reference an essay?

Whenever you reproduce other people’s work – whether through direct quotation or paraphrase – you need to cite it using a referencing system. Familiarity with the referencing systems used by your department is one of the fundamental skills you need to learn as an undergraduate. There are three basic types:

• Footnotes (e.g. MHRA, Oxford): Citation information for each quote is referenced by a numbered superscript note in the text, and appears in a separate section at the bottom of the page.
• Parenthetical (e.g. Harvard, Chicago, MLA): The author’s name, publication date, and page number of the quotation are given in parentheses in-text.
• Numbered (e.g. Vancouver): Each source is assigned a number the first time it is cited, and thereafter each subsequent citation of this source is referenced using the same number.

Keep reading below for more questions and answers on Oxford and Harvard referencing,

4. What is Oxford referencing?

Oxford referencing is a form of academic referencing that provides citation information for sources you’ve used in your essay in footnote form. Whenever you quote or paraphrase a source in the body of your text, you insert a footnote, which has two parts:

• A superscript number in the body of your essay, indicating the note the reader should seek out.
• A detailed note in a ruled-off section at the bottom of the page, which provides bibliographic details of the work, or works, you’ve referenced.

Footnote referencing systems are used extensively in the arts and humanities, where it’s common not only to provide a reference for the source but also to provide some expanded parenthetical remarks on the context of their arguments, and their relationship to the field as a whole, which are important but would disrupt the flow of the essay if included in the body.

5. What is Harvard referencing?

Harvard referencing is a form of academic referencing that provides brief bibliographic data for citations (author’s name, date, page number if applicable) in parentheses in the body of the essay, allowing your reader to cross-reference to a list of references at the end of your essay. Harvard is a type of parenthetical referencing system, which are most common in social sciences disciplines. They allow you to cite three or four sources at a time with relatively little disruption to the text (since if you’re summarising a particular trend or position in a field your parenthetical reference will look something like “see Smith 1999; Jones 2002; Thomas 2010”) but you’re unlikely to be referencing ten or more sources at a time (as is common in some scientific disciplines, which are therefore better suited to numbered systems).

Want more advice on referencing systems? See How to reference an essay or dissertation using Oxford or Harvard referencing and How to correctly reference a dissertation .

6. How do you structure an essay?

All essays require an introduction, a body, and a conclusion, but good structure requires more than just assembling these basic building blocks. It’s accomplished by establishing a clear sense of purpose in the introduction, and carrying through on your promises. Here are a few quick tips:

• Signpost your essay. Set out each item you’ll discuss in your introduction, and gesture back and forth in your body paragraphs so that your reader gets a sense that your arguments are building towards your conclusion.
• Transition appropriately between arguments. Make sure your reader is aware that your arguments relate to one another; refer back to principles you’ve previously established and indicate ahead to where you’re going next.
• Address counter-arguments. If there are obvious objections a reader might raise to your arguments, address them yourself, and explain why you’re still right! Thinking about possible counter-arguments can help you put your points in the best possible order.

7. What do you include in an introduction?

An introduction to an academic essay should present the context for the argument you’re about to make, clearly outlining the debates in which you’re trying to intervene, and positioning your intervention in relation to the positions of other scholars. You should start out with a broad pitch that captures the wider significance of the argument you’re about to make, before zeroing in on a clear thesis statement (a brief precis of your argument and the evidence you’ll use to support it).

Your broad pitch should be relevant to the topic you’re about to discuss, should base its claims to significance on scholarly/critical debates and conversations. Like all other statements you make in your essay it should be supportable with evidence. Avoid unsupportable generalisations containing phrases like “Throughout history…”. And don’t try to avoid phrases like “in this essay” – your introduction is all about signposting your ideas, and such phrases are perfectly fine for this purpose.

For more on this, see How to craft the perfect introduction to your essay .

8. How many types of essays are there?

There are three broad types of academic essay that you might be asked to write at university:

• Expository essays ask you to explain an idea or issue, and are common in first-year modules. You don’t generally need to do much in the way of argument in these essays; the emphasis is on thorough research, and on demonstrating you have a grasp of the material.
• Persuasive/argumentative essays are common in exams and in intermediate undergraduate modules. They’ll ask you to consider a point of debate between scholars – and ask you to demonstrate knowledge of both sides of the argument by arguing for one side.
• Research essays are common in upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses. They require you to synthesise a large amount of existing research and to position an intervention of your own within the context of the research you’ve read.

For more on the different types of essay and what's required for each, see What even is an essay?

9. How do you write an essay plan?

An essay plan is a crucial step on the path to writing a successful essay. It’s where you outline and briefly summarise each of your body paragraphs and arguments, and crucially, the approximate number of words you’ll devote to each argument. It’s more detailed than an essay outline (see question 11 below), and when you draw one up, you need to make sure your essay plan…

• Addresses the question posed through an outline of the introduction and conclusion
• Draws on the relevant reading you have already gathered
• Sets out an argument with different points in each paragraph

What’s particularly useful about drawing up an essay plan before you start writing , is that it acts as a kind of feasibility study for the argument you’re proposing to make. If the various strands of argument you’ll need to prove your thesis add up to 2500 words, you’ll need to seriously refine and narrow your thesis! Similarly, if you’re planning a 4000-word essay but can only think of two or three main arguments, it’s possible you need to broaden out your focus.

A plan is also a great summary document that you can submit to your instructor to ask for feedback and direction whilst working on your essay.

10. How do you write a persuasive essay?

Persuasive essays are most often set as a means of testing that you’ve understood the terms of a particular debate or point of contention in your field, and can argue for one side or the other. The key to writing a persuasive essay is to demonstrate mastery of both sides of the argument, debate, or proposition.

You persuade your audience both by making a convincing case for your side of the argument and by providing convincing rebuttals to counter-arguments from the other side. By giving a fair hearing to both sides of the argument, you demonstrate both the depth of your understanding and an ability to evaluate the merits of both sides of a debate and draw a conclusion based on the weight of evidence.

11. How do you write an essay outline?

An essay outline gives a sense not only of what your main arguments are, but how they fit together. You can move around items in your outline, and nest one beneath the other, until you’re confident you’ve planned the optimal structure. The outline itself is essentially a set of headings and subheadings under which you categorise the main ideas and arguments you want to explore in an essay. It’s best to use a numbered list in your word processing program to create your outline, and use the tab key to indent items appropriately (the application will automatically number first-level points 1, 2, 3…, second-level points a, b, c…, and so on). Once you’ve formulated your initial thesis, you should attempt to distil each argument and sub-argument into a short heading (maximum five words) and assign it a place in the structure.

For further advice, we like this useful guide to creating essay outlines .

12. How do you create a research proposal?

A research proposal serves two main functions: it provides your supervisors/funders/stakeholders with a concise summary of what you plan to do, so that they can evaluate its merits and feasibility, and it provides you with a plan that you can regularly refer back to and, if necessary, modify. Your proposal isn’t set in stone; your research questions and the precise means you use to explore them can and will change as you write, but your research proposal should give a good overview of the following:

• Your main research question, and preliminary thesis/ hypothesis
• An outline literature review, noting the major influences on your thinking and the major debates with which your project engages
• An outline methodology, indicating the theoretical or experimental frameworks and protocols you’ll follow in discussing your thesis
• A discussion of the project’s limitations and ethical considerations.

For more on dissertation proposals, this in-depth guide is packed full of advice and information.

13. Can I publish my essay in a journal?

You should discuss this question with your instructor or supervisor. They will often, through the feedback they give you on your essay(s), be the first person to suggest publishing your work if it’s of a high enough quality.

You’ll probably be a Master’s student by the time this suggestion happens, though there are undergraduate student journals – run within universities exclusively for their students, and some that are open – that may be suitable for outstanding undergraduate work.

If you’re a postgraduate student, you’ll be submitting your work to journals that don’t just cater to students but to seasoned academics as well, and it can be a daunting experience to submit work for publication for the first time. But again, ask your instructor or supervisor for suggestions of journals to submit to, and be prepared to take reviewer feedback constructively, and to revise your paper numerous times before it ends up in print.

Find out more about getting your work published in our article Dissertation writing: publishing a dissertation .

14. How do you write a paragraph?

A paragraph should contain one single idea or strand of your argument, and function as a self-contained “building block” within your essay. The structure of a body paragraph should mirror the structure of your essay as a whole. The first sentence or two should introduce the topic you’re going to discuss, the bulk of the paragraph should be given over to the detailed discussion of the topic, and the final sentence or two should work as a mini-conclusion, summing up the ideas you’ve been discussing.

It’s important to use your “mini-introduction” and “mini-conclusion” sentences to effectively transition between ideas – that is, to refer back to your previous paragraph(s) and signpost where your essay is going next, respectively. A well-constructed essay transitions almost seamlessly between paragraphs, with transition sentences used as a rhetorical device to help convince your reader that your arguments relate strongly and coherently to each other.

15. How do you write a five-paragraph essay?

The five-paragraph essay is a standard format of essay often required of first-year undergraduate students. It’s designed to get you accustomed to the rudiments of the introduction-body-conclusion structure, and requires an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion, to prove a single thesis statement.

Because it’s so formulaic, the biggest danger with a five-paragraph essay is that you focus too much on the need for your thesis to contain three main body parts, and not enough on ensuring that these three elements cohere into a single thesis statement.

But know this: the principles on introductions, body paragraphs, and conclusions discussed in this post and elsewhere on our blog apply just as well to five-paragraph essays as to longer-form pieces. Don’t scrimp on the quality of your structure , or the flow of your argument , because you are focused too much on achieving five paragraphs. The general rules of good essay writing still apply.

16. Introductions and conclusions: how are they different?

Introductions and conclusions are the two most difficult parts of your essay to write, and they fulfil related but distinct functions: your introduction states your thesis and establishes the context for your argument; your conclusion is your last opportunity to make the case that you’ve proved your argument, and also to gesture towards the broader significance of that argument, and as such it fulfils a powerful rhetorical function.

It can be helpful to think of the “shape” of introductions and conclusions as the two halves of an egg timer. Your introduction starts out with broad statements about the field before narrowing its focus to your specific argument. Your conclusion starts narrow, recapping the arguments you’ve made and how they prove your thesis, but then broadens out, considering what your intervention might mean to the study of your specific topic and even to the field as a whole.

Our guide How to structure an essay has lots more advice and information on introductions and conclusions.

17. What does 'to what extent' mean?

Whenever you see this phrase, you should approach it as if it’s written in red, flashing, neon lights! It catches a lot of people out, and for good reason.

Simply put, “to what extent” means, how much do you agree with the idea being posed in the essay question. You must always agree – at least a little bit – with the idea and have reasons for it, and be able to say why you disagree with it too (if you do). “To what extent…” questions always involve a statement that offers a partial explanation for a phenomenon, or that is partially true, or is a simplification of some kind. Your answer should therefore always be balanced, exploring both the strengths and weaknesses of the proposition you’re asked to discuss.

“To what extent…” questions test many of the same skills as persuasive essays: you need to show breadth of understanding, balance, and a mastery of exploring competing viewpoints.

If you want to learn more, our article Focus on directive essay words: “to what extent…” offers a deeper insight into how to answer “to what extent” essay questions.

18. Does punctuation really matter?

Yes. Absolutely. The correct use of punctuation demonstrates a mastery of grammar in English (or whatever language you happen to be writing in) and to anyone who cares about language and is invested in its proper use (spoiler alert: this includes anyone who is likely to be grading your essays!), poorly implemented apostrophes, commas, semicolons and full-stops (periods) are likely to be jarring in the extreme. Good grammar – including the appropriate use of punctuation – is about more than just getting the “technical stuff” right: punctuation gives us important cues about how we should read long or complex sentences and, especially if we’re reading quite quickly (which – spoiler alert #2 – the instructors marking your essay are very likely to be doing) give us the information we need to parse out the logic of a sentence.

19. What's a reflective essay?

A reflective essay is a tricky feat to pull off. It requires that you synthesise academic research and personal experience, usually by asking you to comment on how one has impacted the other – and sometimes both at once! Reflective essays deploy many of the formal conventions of normal academic writing, but emphasise use of the first-person (“I”) voice.

Reflective writing is very common in practice-based disciplines like nursing or teacher training, where you’ll be asked to reflect on how theory has informed your practice, and how practice has modified or enhanced your understanding of theory. The trickiest aspect of reflective writing is managing a balance between the formal academic register and the personal narrative voice; it’s easy to become too personal and informal, and forget the need for scholarly rigour in your essay.

Want to know more? See The complete guide to writing a reflective essay .

20. How can I make my writing better?

One goal you should be aiming towards in higher education is to make your writing move beyond reading like that of a new and inexperienced student, and towards that of a seasoned academic. One way you can do this is through better use of vocabulary.

But how does one improve their academic vocab? In a word: read. The best way to learn the phrases, habits and devices that are common in academic writing is to read widely and deeply, but also with discipline. However tempting it may be to gloss over words you don’t understand, you’ll do your writing a big favour if you actively look up any unfamiliar words, either in a general dictionary or (preferably) in a dictionary of terms dedicated to your own discipline. And do pay close attention to turns of phrase and ways of positioning arguments that regularly crop up in academic writing. Chances are that adopting some of these will help you sound like a “real” scholar in no time.

This guide: Essay writing skills: how to build your vocabulary has some great advice if you would like to learn more.

21. How can I avoid plagiarising?

Plagiarism is a cause of great anxiety among undergraduate students, largely because university instructors and departments are much better at issuing threats and dire warnings than they are at actually defining what plagiarism is.

Simply, plagiarism is the act of presenting others’ ideas as your own, whether or not that’s intentional. You should scrupulously cite others when you incorporate their words and ideas into your work, whether that’s through direct quotation or paraphrase.

One of the most important ways to avoid plagiarism is to be a disciplined note-taker. If you’ve noted down someone else’s words and ideas, and failed to attribute them properly or at least clearly note that they don’t belong to you, these could easily find their way into your essays later. And remember: just because it was accidental doesn’t mean it’s not plagiarism!

Take a look at our guide, Playing by the rules: avoiding plagiarism in essay writing , if you want to ensure you steer clear of plagiarism in your work.

22. How do you create a strong argument?

Essays live and die by the strengths of their arguments. The perfect argument is one that is original enough to sustain interest, but robust enough to be supported by evidence. Ask these questions about your argument:

• Is it supportable? Be honest with yourself: do the facts actually support the argument you’re trying to make? It doesn’t matter how original or clever your idea; if you can’t support it you’re in trouble.
• Is it original? Are you offering a genuinely new take on the topic, or just synthesising what’s gone before?
• Can you rebut the counter-arguments? Even if you can find a couple of bits of evidence that support your thesis, that’s still likely to be insufficient if there are several obvious counter-arguments that sweep your interpretation away entirely! If you’re going out on a limb, make sure you can and do address the obvious objections to your stance.

Want to know more? See Essay writing tips: a strong argument .

23. Masters and undergraduate essays – what's the difference?

If you pursue postgraduate studies after you’ve completed your first degree, it can be quite a culture shock. The leap in expectations is quite considerable, as you go from demonstrating you have a good grasp of the core concepts of your discipline to being expected to produce writing of a standard matching that of seasoned academics, or not too far below. Distinction-level Master’s writing is very often publishable in academic journals, and requires you to show mastery of all academic conventions – from referencing to stylistics – and to demonstrate depth of reading, sophisticated understanding of current issues in your field, and original, independent thought.

A more in-depth and insightful answer can be read in our guide: How to write a Masters essay: Masters essay writing tips .

24. How formal does my writing need to be?

“Formal” writing is a highly subjective construct, and everybody you ask has a different idea what it looks like. For example, there are some people – especially in the sciences – who think you should never refer to yourself in an essay (using I, me or my, etc.) or that you should exclusively use the passive voice when reporting the methodology of a study or experiment. For others, navigating around these rules is wholly unnecessary and produces awkward, cumbersome prose.

To some extent, therefore, the correct answer to “what does formal academic writing look like?” is: whatever your instructor thinks formal academic writing looks like. There are some pretty solid dos and don’ts, though. You should avoid using abbreviations and colloquialisms unless they’re in quotations. Examples of this are, “my results were totally unexpected” (the word “totally” is too colloquial and not quantifiable enough) and, “the battle took place on 1st Feb 1892” (“February” should not be abbreviated).

You should do your best to master academic diction: a set of transitional and framing phrases that allow you to, for want of a better expression, sound like a “proper” academic.

Want to know more? For extra guidance, see 10 academic phrases to use in your essay .

25. How do you write a conclusion for an essay?

The conclusion is where you both recap succinctly on the arguments you’ve made and gesture towards the broader significance of your argument, with the rhetorical goal of convincing your reader of both the importance of the question you’ve been answering and the validity of your particular approach to this question! By briefly recapping on your body paragraph arguments and highlighting the ways they support your thesis, you can help to convince a sceptical reader of the validity of your position.

Avoid simply repeating phrases you’ve used elsewhere in your body paragraphs; instead generalise about how the common threads between your points lead unavoidably to your interpretation. You should also discuss the broader implications of the argument you’ve made. Don’t make any unsupportable statements, but if your argument has implications for the field as a whole, don’t shy away from them.

For more helpful advice on writing a great conclusion for your essay, read Your essay conclusion: how to conclude an essay well .

It is always beneficial to have a second set of eyes assess your work for any errors or omissions and many students choose to contact editors to help with the final editing and proofreading of their work . Professional editors hold the relevant expertise to guide you on the correct path to creating a discussion section that is perfectly structured, formatted and ready for submission, helping you to achieve a high result.

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Academic Essay: From Basics to Practical Tips

Has it ever occurred to you that over the span of a solitary academic term, a typical university student can produce sufficient words to compose an entire 500-page novel? To provide context, this equates to approximately 125,000 to 150,000 words, encompassing essays, research papers, and various written tasks. This content volume is truly remarkable, emphasizing the importance of honing the skill of crafting scholarly essays. Whether you're a seasoned academic or embarking on the initial stages of your educational expedition, grasping the nuances of constructing a meticulously organized and thoroughly researched essay is paramount.

Welcome to our guide on writing an academic essay! Whether you're a seasoned student or just starting your academic journey, the prospect of written homework can be exciting and overwhelming. In this guide, we'll break down the process step by step, offering tips, strategies, and examples to help you navigate the complexities of scholarly writing. By the end, you'll have the tools and confidence to tackle any essay assignment with ease. Let's dive in!

Types of Academic Writing

The process of writing an essay usually encompasses various types of papers, each serving distinct purposes and adhering to specific conventions. Here are some common types of academic writing:

• Essays: Essays are versatile expressions of ideas. Descriptive essays vividly portray subjects, narratives share personal stories, expository essays convey information, and persuasive essays aim to influence opinions.
• Research Papers: Research papers are analytical powerhouses. Analytical papers dissect data or topics, while argumentative papers assert a stance backed by evidence and logical reasoning.
• Reports: Reports serve as narratives in specialized fields. Technical reports document scientific or technical research, while business reports distill complex information into actionable insights for organizational decision-making.
• Reviews: Literature reviews provide comprehensive summaries and evaluations of existing research, while critical analyses delve into the intricacies of books or movies, dissecting themes and artistic elements.
• Dissertations and Theses: Dissertations represent extensive research endeavors, often at the doctoral level, exploring profound subjects. Theses, common in master's programs, showcase mastery over specific topics within defined scopes.
• Summaries and Abstracts: Summaries and abstracts condense larger works. Abstracts provide concise overviews, offering glimpses into key points and findings.
• Case Studies: Case studies immerse readers in detailed analyses of specific instances, bridging theoretical concepts with practical applications in real-world scenarios.
• Reflective Journals: Reflective journals serve as personal platforms for articulating thoughts and insights based on one's academic journey, fostering self-expression and intellectual growth.
• Academic Articles: Scholarly articles, published in academic journals, constitute the backbone of disseminating original research, contributing to the collective knowledge within specific fields.
• Literary Analyses: Literary analyses unravel the complexities of written works, decoding themes, linguistic nuances, and artistic elements, fostering a deeper appreciation for literature.

Our essay writer service can cater to all types of academic writings that you might encounter on your educational path. Use it to gain the upper hand in school or college and save precious free time.

Essay Writing Process Explained

The process of how to write an academic essay involves a series of important steps. To start, you'll want to do some pre-writing, where you brainstorm essay topics , gather information, and get a good grasp of your topic. This lays the groundwork for your essay.

Once you have a clear understanding, it's time to draft your essay. Begin with an introduction that grabs the reader's attention, gives some context, and states your main argument or thesis. The body of your essay follows, where each paragraph focuses on a specific point supported by examples or evidence. Make sure your ideas flow smoothly from one paragraph to the next, creating a coherent and engaging narrative.

After the drafting phase, take time to revise and refine your essay. Check for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Ensure your ideas are well-organized and that your writing effectively communicates your message. Finally, wrap up your essay with a strong conclusion that summarizes your main points and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

How to Prepare for Essay Writing 

Before you start writing an academic essay, there are a few things to sort out. First, make sure you totally get what the assignment is asking for. Break down the instructions and note any specific rules from your teacher. This sets the groundwork.

Then, do some good research. Check out books, articles, or trustworthy websites to gather solid info about your topic. Knowing your stuff makes your essay way stronger. Take a bit of time to brainstorm ideas and sketch out an outline. It helps you organize your thoughts and plan how your essay will flow. Think about the main points you want to get across.

Lastly, be super clear about your main argument or thesis. This is like the main point of your essay, so make it strong. Considering who's going to read your essay is also smart. Use language and tone that suits your academic audience. By ticking off these steps, you'll be in great shape to tackle your essay with confidence.

Academic Essay Example

In academic essays, examples act like guiding stars, showing the way to excellence. Let's check out some good examples to help you on your journey to doing well in your studies.

Academic Essay Format

The academic essay format typically follows a structured approach to convey ideas and arguments effectively. Here's an academic essay format example with a breakdown of the key elements:

Introduction

• Hook: Begin with an attention-grabbing opening to engage the reader.
• Background/Context: Provide the necessary background information to set the stage.
• Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main argument or purpose of the essay.

Body Paragraphs

• Topic Sentence: Start each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis.
• Supporting Evidence: Include evidence, examples, or data to back up your points.
• Analysis: Analyze and interpret the evidence, explaining its significance in relation to your argument.
• Transition Sentences: Use these to guide the reader smoothly from one point to the next.

Counterargument (if applicable)

• Address Counterpoints: Acknowledge opposing views or potential objections.
• Rebuttal: Refute counterarguments and reinforce your position.

Conclusion:

• Restate Thesis: Summarize the main argument without introducing new points.
• Summary of Key Points: Recap the main supporting points made in the body.
• Closing Statement: End with a strong concluding thought or call to action.

References/Bibliography

• Cite Sources: Include proper citations for all external information used in the essay.
• Follow Citation Style: Use the required citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) specified by your instructor.
• Font and Size: Use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) and size (12-point).
• Margins and Spacing: Follow specified margin and spacing guidelines.
• Page Numbers: Include page numbers if required.

Adhering to this structure helps create a well-organized and coherent academic essay that effectively communicates your ideas and arguments.

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How to Write an Academic Essay Step by Step

Start with an introduction.

The introduction of an essay serves as the reader's initial encounter with the topic, setting the tone for the entire piece. It aims to capture attention, generate interest, and establish a clear pathway for the reader to follow. A well-crafted introduction provides a brief overview of the subject matter, hinting at the forthcoming discussion, and compels the reader to delve further into the essay. Consult our detailed guide on how to write an essay introduction for extra details.

Captivate Your Reader

Engaging the reader within the introduction is crucial for sustaining interest throughout the essay. This involves incorporating an engaging hook, such as a thought-provoking question, a compelling anecdote, or a relevant quote. By presenting an intriguing opening, the writer can entice the reader to continue exploring the essay, fostering a sense of curiosity and investment in the upcoming content. To learn more about how to write a hook for an essay , please consult our guide,

Provide Context for a Chosen Topic

In essay writing, providing context for the chosen topic is essential to ensure that readers, regardless of their prior knowledge, can comprehend the subject matter. This involves offering background information, defining key terms, and establishing the broader context within which the essay unfolds. Contextualization sets the stage, enabling readers to grasp the significance of the topic and its relevance within a particular framework. If you buy a dissertation or essay, or any other type of academic writing, our writers will produce an introduction that follows all the mentioned quality criteria.

Make a Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the central anchor of the essay, encapsulating its main argument or purpose. It typically appears towards the end of the introduction, providing a concise and clear declaration of the writer's stance on the chosen topic. A strong thesis guides the reader on what to expect, serving as a roadmap for the essay's subsequent development.

Outline the Structure of Your Essay

Clearly outlining the structure of the essay in the introduction provides readers with a roadmap for navigating the content. This involves briefly highlighting the main points or arguments that will be explored in the body paragraphs. By offering a structural overview, the writer enhances the essay's coherence, making it easier for the reader to follow the logical progression of ideas and supporting evidence throughout the text.

Continue with the Main Body

The main body is the most important aspect of how to write an academic essay where the in-depth exploration and development of the chosen topic occur. Each paragraph within this section should focus on a specific aspect of the argument or present supporting evidence. It is essential to maintain a logical flow between paragraphs, using clear transitions to guide the reader seamlessly from one point to the next. The main body is an opportunity to delve into the nuances of the topic, providing thorough analysis and interpretation to substantiate the thesis statement.

Choose the Right Length

Determining the appropriate length for an essay is a critical aspect of effective communication. The length should align with the depth and complexity of the chosen topic, ensuring that the essay adequately explores key points without unnecessary repetition or omission of essential information. Striking a balance is key – a well-developed essay neither overextends nor underrepresents the subject matter. Adhering to any specified word count or page limit set by the assignment guidelines is crucial to meet academic requirements while maintaining clarity and coherence.

Write Compelling Paragraphs

In academic essay writing, thought-provoking paragraphs form the backbone of the main body, each contributing to the overall argument or analysis. Each paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence that encapsulates the main point, followed by supporting evidence or examples. Thoroughly analyzing the evidence and providing insightful commentary demonstrates the depth of understanding and contributes to the overall persuasiveness of the essay. Cohesion between paragraphs is crucial, achieved through effective transitions that ensure a smooth and logical progression of ideas, enhancing the overall readability and impact of the essay.

Finish by Writing a Conclusion

The conclusion serves as the essay's final impression, providing closure and reinforcing the key insights. It involves restating the thesis without introducing new information, summarizing the main points addressed in the body, and offering a compelling closing thought. The goal is to leave a lasting impact on the reader, emphasizing the significance of the discussed topic and the validity of the thesis statement. A well-crafted conclusion brings the essay full circle, leaving the reader with a sense of resolution and understanding. Have you already seen our collection of new persuasive essay topics ? If not, we suggest you do it right after finishing this article to boost your creativity!

Proofread and Edit the Document

After completing the essay, a critical step is meticulous proofreading and editing. This process involves reviewing the document for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and punctuation issues. Additionally, assess the overall coherence and flow of ideas, ensuring that each paragraph contributes effectively to the essay's purpose. Consider the clarity of expression, the appropriateness of language, and the overall organization of the content. Taking the time to proofread and edit enhances the overall quality of the essay, presenting a polished and professional piece of writing. It is advisable to seek feedback from peers or instructors to gain additional perspectives on the essay's strengths and areas for improvement. For more insightful tips, feel free to check out our guide on how to write a descriptive essay .

Alright, let's wrap it up. Knowing how to write academic essays is a big deal. It's not just about passing assignments – it's a skill that sets you up for effective communication and deep thinking. These essays teach us to explain our ideas clearly, build strong arguments, and be part of important conversations, both in school and out in the real world. Whether you're studying or working, being able to put your thoughts into words is super valuable. So, take the time to master this skill – it's a game-changer!

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What Is An Academic Essay?

How to write an academic essay, how to write a good academic essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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50 Argumentative Essay Topics for Students

4-minute read

• 11th June 2022

The goal of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to understand and support your position on an issue by presenting your reasoning along with supporting evidence. It’s important to find the right balance between giving your opinions and presenting established research.

These essays discuss issues around a range of topics, including science, technology, politics, and healthcare. Whether you’re a teacher looking for essay topics for your students or a student tasked with developing an idea of your own, we’ve compiled a list of 50 argumentative essay topics to help you get started!

●  Does texting hinder interpersonal communication skills?

●  Should there be laws against using devices while driving?

●  Do violent video games teach or encourage people to behave violently?

●  Should social media sites be allowed to collect users’ data?

●  Should parents limit how long their children spend in front of screens?

●  Is AI helping or hurting society?

●  Should cyber-bullying carry legal consequences?

●  Should Supreme Court justices be elected?

●  Is war always a political decision?

●  Should people join a political party?

●  Is capitalism ethical?

●  Is the electoral college an effective system?

●  Should prisoners be allowed to vote?

●  Should the death penalty be legal?

●  Are governments around the world doing enough to combat global warming?

●  Is healthcare a fundamental human right?

●  Should vaccinations be mandated for children?

●  Are there any circumstances under which physician-assisted suicides should be legal?

●  Should parents be able to choose specific genetic modifications of their future children?

●  Should abortion be legal?

●  Is it ethical to perform medical experiments on animals?

●  Should patients who lead unhealthy lifestyles be denied organ transplants?

●  Should doctors be able to provide medical care to children against their parents’ wishes?

Mental Healthcare

●  What causes the stigma around mental health?

●  Discuss the link between insufficient access to mental health services and the high suicide rates among veterans.

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●  Should cannabis be used as a treatment for patients with mental disorders?

●  Is there a link between social media use and mental disorders?

●  Discuss the effect of physical activity on mental health.

●  Should sports be segregated by gender?

●  Should male and female athletes be given the same pay and opportunities?

●  Are professional athletes overpaid?

●  Should college athletes be paid?

●  Should sports betting be legal?

●  Should online access to art such as music be free?

●  Should graffiti be considered art or vandalism?

●  Are there any circumstances under which books should be banned?

●  Should schools be required to offer art courses?

●  Is art necessary to society?

●  Should schools require uniforms?

●  Should reciting the Pledge of Allegiance be required in schools?

●  Do standardized tests effectively measure intelligence?

●  Should high school students take a gap year before pursuing higher education?

●  Should higher education be free?

●  Is there too much pressure on high school students to attend college?

●  Are children better off in two-parent households?

●  Should LGBTQ+ partners be allowed to adopt?

●  Should single people be able to adopt children as easily as couples?

●  Is it okay for parents to physically discipline their children?

●  Does helicopter parenting help or hurt children?

●  Should parents monitor their children’s Internet use?

Proofreading & Editing

An argument could also be made for the importance of proofreading your essay ! The reader can focus more on your message when your writing is clear, concise, and error-free, and they won’t question whether you’re knowledgeable on the issues you’re presenting. Once you have a draft ready, you can submit a free trial document to start working with our expert editors!

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IELTS Writing Topics July & August 2024

The collection of writing topics that were reported by IELTS student in 2024 . These questions could be repeated from previous months. Keep in mind that the provided questions are not predictions.

Pick one of the topics and improve your writing skills every day. If you can't come up with ideas for a topic just click the "Answers" button and you will see the different ideas.

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Getting College Essay Help: Important Do's and Don’ts

College Essays

If you grow up to be a professional writer, everything you write will first go through an editor before being published. This is because the process of writing is really a process of re-writing —of rethinking and reexamining your work, usually with the help of someone else. So what does this mean for your student writing? And in particular, what does it mean for very important, but nonprofessional writing like your college essay? Should you ask your parents to look at your essay? Pay for an essay service?

If you are wondering what kind of help you can, and should, get with your personal statement, you've come to the right place! In this article, I'll talk about what kind of writing help is useful, ethical, and even expected for your college admission essay . I'll also point out who would make a good editor, what the differences between editing and proofreading are, what to expect from a good editor, and how to spot and stay away from a bad one.

Table of Contents

What Kind of Help for Your Essay Can You Get?

What's Good Editing?

What should an editor do for you, what kind of editing should you avoid, proofreading, what's good proofreading, what kind of proofreading should you avoid.

What Do Colleges Think Of You Getting Help With Your Essay?

Who Can/Should Help You?

Advice for editors.

Should You Pay Money For Essay Editing?

The Bottom Line

What's next, what kind of help with your essay can you get.

Rather than talking in general terms about "help," let's first clarify the two different ways that someone else can improve your writing . There is editing, which is the more intensive kind of assistance that you can use throughout the whole process. And then there's proofreading, which is the last step of really polishing your final product.

Let me go into some more detail about editing and proofreading, and then explain how good editors and proofreaders can help you."

Editing is helping the author (in this case, you) go from a rough draft to a finished work . Editing is the process of asking questions about what you're saying, how you're saying it, and how you're organizing your ideas. But not all editing is good editing . In fact, it's very easy for an editor to cross the line from supportive to overbearing and over-involved.

Ability to clarify assignments. A good editor is usually a good writer, and certainly has to be a good reader. For example, in this case, a good editor should make sure you understand the actual essay prompt you're supposed to be answering.

Open-endedness. Good editing is all about asking questions about your ideas and work, but without providing answers. It's about letting you stick to your story and message, and doesn't alter your point of view.

Think of an editor as a great travel guide. It can show you the many different places your trip could take you. It should explain any parts of the trip that could derail your trip or confuse the traveler. But it never dictates your path, never forces you to go somewhere you don't want to go, and never ignores your interests so that the trip no longer seems like it's your own. So what should good editors do?

Help Brainstorm Topics

Sometimes it's easier to bounce thoughts off of someone else. This doesn't mean that your editor gets to come up with ideas, but they can certainly respond to the various topic options you've come up with. This way, you're less likely to write about the most boring of your ideas, or to write about something that isn't actually important to you.

If you're wondering how to come up with options for your editor to consider, check out our guide to brainstorming topics for your college essay .

Help Revise Your Drafts

Here, your editor can't upset the delicate balance of not intervening too much or too little. It's tricky, but a great way to think about it is to remember: editing is about asking questions, not giving answers .

Revision questions should point out:

• Places where more detail or more description would help the reader connect with your essay
• Places where structure and logic don't flow, losing the reader's attention
• Places where there aren't transitions between paragraphs, confusing the reader
• Moments where your narrative or the arguments you're making are unclear

But pointing to potential problems is not the same as actually rewriting—editors let authors fix the problems themselves.

Bad editing is usually very heavy-handed editing. Instead of helping you find your best voice and ideas, a bad editor changes your writing into their own vision.

You may be dealing with a bad editor if they:

• Add material (examples, descriptions) that doesn't come from you
• Use a thesaurus to make your college essay sound "more mature"
• Add meaning or insight to the essay that doesn't come from you
• Tell you what to say and how to say it
• Write sentences, phrases, and paragraphs for you
• Change your voice in the essay so it no longer sounds like it was written by a teenager

Colleges can tell the difference between a 17-year-old's writing and a 50-year-old's writing. Not only that, they have access to your SAT or ACT Writing section, so they can compare your essay to something else you wrote. Writing that's a little more polished is great and expected. But a totally different voice and style will raise questions.

Where's the Line Between Helpful Editing and Unethical Over-Editing?

Sometimes it's hard to tell whether your college essay editor is doing the right thing. Here are some guidelines for staying on the ethical side of the line.

• An editor should say that the opening paragraph is kind of boring, and explain what exactly is making it drag. But it's overstepping for an editor to tell you exactly how to change it.
• An editor should point out where your prose is unclear or vague. But it's completely inappropriate for the editor to rewrite that section of your essay.
• An editor should let you know that a section is light on detail or description. But giving you similes and metaphors to beef up that description is a no-go.

Proofreading (also called copy-editing) is checking for errors in the last draft of a written work. It happens at the end of the process and is meant as the final polishing touch. Proofreading is meticulous and detail-oriented, focusing on small corrections. It sands off all the surface rough spots that could alienate the reader.

Because proofreading is usually concerned with making fixes on the word or sentence level, this is the only process where someone else can actually add to or take away things from your essay . This is because what they are adding or taking away tends to be one or two misplaced letters.

Laser focus. Proofreading is all about the tiny details, so the ability to really concentrate on finding small slip-ups is a must.

Excellent grammar and spelling skills. Proofreaders need to dot every "i" and cross every "t." Good proofreaders should correct spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. They should put foreign words in italics and surround quotations with quotation marks. They should check that you used the correct college's name, and that you adhered to any formatting requirements (name and date at the top of the page, uniform font and size, uniform spacing).

Limited interference. A proofreader needs to make sure that you followed any word limits. But if cuts need to be made to shorten the essay, that's your job and not the proofreader's.

A bad proofreader either tries to turn into an editor, or just lacks the skills and knowledge necessary to do the job.

Some signs that you're working with a bad proofreader are:

• If they suggest making major changes to the final draft of your essay. Proofreading happens when editing is already finished.
• If they aren't particularly good at spelling, or don't know grammar, or aren't detail-oriented enough to find someone else's small mistakes.
• If they start swapping out your words for fancier-sounding synonyms, or changing the voice and sound of your essay in other ways. A proofreader is there to check for errors, not to take the 17-year-old out of your writing.

What Do Colleges Think of Your Getting Help With Your Essay?

Admissions officers agree: light editing and proofreading are good—even required ! But they also want to make sure you're the one doing the work on your essay. They want essays with stories, voice, and themes that come from you. They want to see work that reflects your actual writing ability, and that focuses on what you find important.

On the Importance of Editing

Get feedback. Have a fresh pair of eyes give you some feedback. Don't allow someone else to rewrite your essay, but do take advantage of others' edits and opinions when they seem helpful. ( Bates College )

Read your essay aloud to someone. Reading the essay out loud offers a chance to hear how your essay sounds outside your head. This exercise reveals flaws in the essay's flow, highlights grammatical errors and helps you ensure that you are communicating the exact message you intended. ( Dickinson College )

On the Value of Proofreading

Share your essays with at least one or two people who know you well—such as a parent, teacher, counselor, or friend—and ask for feedback. Remember that you ultimately have control over your essays, and your essays should retain your own voice, but others may be able to catch mistakes that you missed and help suggest areas to cut if you are over the word limit. ( Yale University )

Proofread and then ask someone else to proofread for you. Although we want substance, we also want to be able to see that you can write a paper for our professors and avoid careless mistakes that would drive them crazy. ( Oberlin College )

On Watching Out for Too Much Outside Influence

Limit the number of people who review your essay. Too much input usually means your voice is lost in the writing style. ( Carleton College )

Ask for input (but not too much). Your parents, friends, guidance counselors, coaches, and teachers are great people to bounce ideas off of for your essay. They know how unique and spectacular you are, and they can help you decide how to articulate it. Keep in mind, however, that a 45-year-old lawyer writes quite differently from an 18-year-old student, so if your dad ends up writing the bulk of your essay, we're probably going to notice. ( Vanderbilt University )

Now let's talk about some potential people to approach for your college essay editing and proofreading needs. It's best to start close to home and slowly expand outward. Not only are your family and friends more invested in your success than strangers, but they also have a better handle on your interests and personality. This knowledge is key for judging whether your essay is expressing your true self.

Parents or Close Relatives

Your family may be full of potentially excellent editors! Parents are deeply committed to your well-being, and family members know you and your life well enough to offer details or incidents that can be included in your essay. On the other hand, the rewriting process necessarily involves criticism, which is sometimes hard to hear from someone very close to you.

A parent or close family member is a great choice for an editor if you can answer "yes" to the following questions. Is your parent or close relative a good writer or reader? Do you have a relationship where editing your essay won't create conflict? Are you able to constructively listen to criticism and suggestion from the parent?

One suggestion for defusing face-to-face discussions is to try working on the essay over email. Send your parent a draft, have them write you back some comments, and then you can pick which of their suggestions you want to use and which to discard.

Teachers or Tutors

A humanities teacher that you have a good relationship with is a great choice. I am purposefully saying humanities, and not just English, because teachers of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, and any other classes where you do a lot of writing, are all used to reviewing student work.

Moreover, any teacher or tutor that has been working with you for some time, knows you very well and can vet the essay to make sure it "sounds like you."

If your teacher or tutor has some experience with what college essays are supposed to be like, ask them to be your editor. If not, then ask whether they have time to proofread your final draft.

Guidance or College Counselor at Your School

The best thing about asking your counselor to edit your work is that this is their job. This means that they have a very good sense of what colleges are looking for in an application essay.

At the same time, school counselors tend to have relationships with admissions officers in many colleges, which again gives them insight into what works and which college is focused on what aspect of the application.

Unfortunately, in many schools the guidance counselor tends to be way overextended. If your ratio is 300 students to 1 college counselor, you're unlikely to get that person's undivided attention and focus. It is still useful to ask them for general advice about your potential topics, but don't expect them to be able to stay with your essay from first draft to final version.

Friends, Siblings, or Classmates

Although they most likely don't have much experience with what colleges are hoping to see, your peers are excellent sources for checking that your essay is you .

Friends and siblings are perfect for the read-aloud edit. Read your essay to them so they can listen for words and phrases that are stilted, pompous, or phrases that just don't sound like you.

You can even trade essays and give helpful advice on each other's work.

If your editor hasn't worked with college admissions essays very much, no worries! Any astute and attentive reader can still greatly help with your process. But, as in all things, beginners do better with some preparation.

First, your editor should read our advice about how to write a college essay introduction , how to spot and fix a bad college essay , and get a sense of what other students have written by going through some admissions essays that worked .

Then, as they read your essay, they can work through the following series of questions that will help them to guide you.

Introduction Questions

• Is the first sentence a killer opening line? Why or why not?
• Does the introduction hook the reader? Does it have a colorful, detailed, and interesting narrative? Or does it propose a compelling or surprising idea?
• Can you feel the author's voice in the introduction, or is the tone dry, dull, or overly formal? Show the places where the voice comes through.

Essay Body Questions

• Does the essay have a through-line? Is it built around a central argument, thought, idea, or focus? Can you put this idea into your own words?
• How is the essay organized? By logical progression? Chronologically? Do you feel order when you read it, or are there moments where you are confused or lose the thread of the essay?
• Does the essay have both narratives about the author's life and explanations and insight into what these stories reveal about the author's character, personality, goals, or dreams? If not, which is missing?
• Does the essay flow? Are there smooth transitions/clever links between paragraphs? Between the narrative and moments of insight?

Reader Response Questions

• Does the writer's personality come through? Do we know what the speaker cares about? Do we get a sense of "who he or she is"?
• Where did you feel most connected to the essay? Which parts of the essay gave you a "you are there" sensation by invoking your senses? What moments could you picture in your head well?
• Where are the details and examples vague and not specific enough?
• Did you get an "a-ha!" feeling anywhere in the essay? Is there a moment of insight that connected all the dots for you? Is there a good reveal or "twist" anywhere in the essay?
• What are the strengths of this essay? What needs the most improvement?

Should You Pay Money for Essay Editing?

One alternative to asking someone you know to help you with your college essay is the paid editor route. There are two different ways to pay for essay help: a private essay coach or a less personal editing service , like the many proliferating on the internet.

My advice is to think of these options as a last resort rather than your go-to first choice. I'll first go through the reasons why. Then, if you do decide to go with a paid editor, I'll help you decide between a coach and a service.

When to Consider a Paid Editor

In general, I think hiring someone to work on your essay makes a lot of sense if none of the people I discussed above are a possibility for you.

If you can't ask your parents. For example, if your parents aren't good writers, or if English isn't their first language. Or if you think getting your parents to help is going create unnecessary extra conflict in your relationship with them (applying to college is stressful as it is!)

If you can't ask your teacher or tutor. Maybe you don't have a trusted teacher or tutor that has time to look over your essay with focus. Or, for instance, your favorite humanities teacher has very limited experience with college essays and so won't know what admissions officers want to see.

If you can't ask your guidance counselor. This could be because your guidance counselor is way overwhelmed with other students.

If you can't share your essay with those who know you. It might be that your essay is on a very personal topic that you're unwilling to share with parents, teachers, or peers. Just make sure it doesn't fall into one of the bad-idea topics in our article on bad college essays .

If the cost isn't a consideration. Many of these services are quite expensive, and private coaches even more so. If you have finite resources, I'd say that hiring an SAT or ACT tutor (whether it's PrepScholar or someone else) is better way to spend your money . This is because there's no guarantee that a slightly better essay will sufficiently elevate the rest of your application, but a significantly higher SAT score will definitely raise your applicant profile much more.

Should You Hire an Essay Coach?

On the plus side, essay coaches have read dozens or even hundreds of college essays, so they have experience with the format. Also, because you'll be working closely with a specific person, it's more personal than sending your essay to a service, which will know even less about you.

But, on the minus side, you'll still be bouncing ideas off of someone who doesn't know that much about you . In general, if you can adequately get the help from someone you know, there is no advantage to paying someone to help you.

If you do decide to hire a coach, ask your school counselor, or older students that have used the service for recommendations. If you can't afford the coach's fees, ask whether they can work on a sliding scale —many do. And finally, beware those who guarantee admission to your school of choice—essay coaches don't have any special magic that can back up those promises.

Should You Send Your Essay to a Service?

On the plus side, essay editing services provide a similar product to essay coaches, and they cost significantly less . If you have some assurance that you'll be working with a good editor, the lack of face-to-face interaction won't prevent great results.

On the minus side, however, it can be difficult to gauge the quality of the service before working with them . If they are churning through many application essays without getting to know the students they are helping, you could end up with an over-edited essay that sounds just like everyone else's. In the worst case scenario, an unscrupulous service could send you back a plagiarized essay.

Getting recommendations from friends or a school counselor for reputable services is key to avoiding heavy-handed editing that writes essays for you or does too much to change your essay. Including a badly-edited essay like this in your application could cause problems if there are inconsistencies. For example, in interviews it might be clear you didn't write the essay, or the skill of the essay might not be reflected in your schoolwork and test scores.

Should You Buy an Essay Written by Someone Else?

Let me elaborate. There are super sketchy places on the internet where you can simply buy a pre-written essay. Don't do this!

For one thing, you'll be lying on an official, signed document. All college applications make you sign a statement saying something like this:

I certify that all information submitted in the admission process—including the application, the personal essay, any supplements, and any other supporting materials—is my own work, factually true, and honestly presented... I understand that I may be subject to a range of possible disciplinary actions, including admission revocation, expulsion, or revocation of course credit, grades, and degree, should the information I have certified be false. (From the Common Application )

For another thing, if your academic record doesn't match the essay's quality, the admissions officer will start thinking your whole application is riddled with lies.

Admission officers have full access to your writing portion of the SAT or ACT so that they can compare work that was done in proctored conditions with that done at home. They can tell if these were written by different people. Not only that, but there are now a number of search engines that faculty and admission officers can use to see if an essay contains strings of words that have appeared in other essays—you have no guarantee that the essay you bought wasn't also bought by 50 other students.

• You should get college essay help with both editing and proofreading
• A good editor will ask questions about your idea, logic, and structure, and will point out places where clarity is needed
• A good editor will absolutely not answer these questions, give you their own ideas, or write the essay or parts of the essay for you
• A good proofreader will find typos and check your formatting
• All of them agree that getting light editing and proofreading is necessary
• Parents, teachers, guidance or college counselor, and peers or siblings
• If you can't ask any of those, you can pay for college essay help, but watch out for services or coaches who over-edit you work
• Don't buy a pre-written essay! Colleges can tell, and it'll make your whole application sound false.

Ready to start working on your essay? Check out our explanation of the point of the personal essay and the role it plays on your applications and then explore our step-by-step guide to writing a great college essay .

Using the Common Application for your college applications? We have an excellent guide to the Common App essay prompts and useful advice on how to pick the Common App prompt that's right for you . Wondering how other people tackled these prompts? Then work through our roundup of over 130 real college essay examples published by colleges .

Stressed about whether to take the SAT again before submitting your application? Let us help you decide how many times to take this test . If you choose to go for it, we have the ultimate guide to studying for the SAT to give you the ins and outs of the best ways to study.

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Anna scored in the 99th percentile on her SATs in high school, and went on to major in English at Princeton and to get her doctorate in English Literature at Columbia. She is passionate about improving student access to higher education.

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• The four main types of essay | Quick guide with examples

The Four Main Types of Essay | Quick Guide with Examples

Published on September 4, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An essay is a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. There are many different types of essay, but they are often defined in four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive essays.

Argumentative and expository essays are focused on conveying information and making clear points, while narrative and descriptive essays are about exercising creativity and writing in an interesting way. At university level, argumentative essays are the most common type. 

In high school and college, you will also often have to write textual analysis essays, which test your skills in close reading and interpretation.

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Table of contents

Argumentative essays, expository essays, narrative essays, descriptive essays, textual analysis essays, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about types of essays.

An argumentative essay presents an extended, evidence-based argument. It requires a strong thesis statement —a clearly defined stance on your topic. Your aim is to convince the reader of your thesis using evidence (such as quotations ) and analysis.

Argumentative essays test your ability to research and present your own position on a topic. This is the most common type of essay at college level—most papers you write will involve some kind of argumentation.

The essay is divided into an introduction, body, and conclusion:

• The introduction provides your topic and thesis statement
• The body presents your evidence and arguments
• The conclusion summarizes your argument and emphasizes its importance

The example below is a paragraph from the body of an argumentative essay about the effects of the internet on education. Mouse over it to learn more.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An expository essay provides a clear, focused explanation of a topic. It doesn’t require an original argument, just a balanced and well-organized view of the topic.

Expository essays test your familiarity with a topic and your ability to organize and convey information. They are commonly assigned at high school or in exam questions at college level.

The introduction of an expository essay states your topic and provides some general background, the body presents the details, and the conclusion summarizes the information presented.

A typical body paragraph from an expository essay about the invention of the printing press is shown below. Mouse over it to learn more.

The invention of the printing press in 1440 changed this situation dramatically. Johannes Gutenberg, who had worked as a goldsmith, used his knowledge of metals in the design of the press. He made his type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, whose durability allowed for the reliable production of high-quality books. This new technology allowed texts to be reproduced and disseminated on a much larger scale than was previously possible. The Gutenberg Bible appeared in the 1450s, and a large number of printing presses sprang up across the continent in the following decades. Gutenberg’s invention rapidly transformed cultural production in Europe; among other things, it would lead to the Protestant Reformation.

A narrative essay is one that tells a story. This is usually a story about a personal experience you had, but it may also be an imaginative exploration of something you have not experienced.

Narrative essays test your ability to build up a narrative in an engaging, well-structured way. They are much more personal and creative than other kinds of academic writing . Writing a personal statement for an application requires the same skills as a narrative essay.

A narrative essay isn’t strictly divided into introduction, body, and conclusion, but it should still begin by setting up the narrative and finish by expressing the point of the story—what you learned from your experience, or why it made an impression on you.

Mouse over the example below, a short narrative essay responding to the prompt “Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself,” to explore its structure.

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.

A descriptive essay provides a detailed sensory description of something. Like narrative essays, they allow you to be more creative than most academic writing, but they are more tightly focused than narrative essays. You might describe a specific place or object, rather than telling a whole story.

Descriptive essays test your ability to use language creatively, making striking word choices to convey a memorable picture of what you’re describing.

A descriptive essay can be quite loosely structured, though it should usually begin by introducing the object of your description and end by drawing an overall picture of it. The important thing is to use careful word choices and figurative language to create an original description of your object.

Mouse over the example below, a response to the prompt “Describe a place you love to spend time in,” to learn more about descriptive essays.

On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax. I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.

My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.

With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…

Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.

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Though every essay type tests your writing skills, some essays also test your ability to read carefully and critically. In a textual analysis essay, you don’t just present information on a topic, but closely analyze a text to explain how it achieves certain effects.

Rhetorical analysis

A rhetorical analysis looks at a persuasive text (e.g. a speech, an essay, a political cartoon) in terms of the rhetorical devices it uses, and evaluates their effectiveness.

The goal is not to state whether you agree with the author’s argument but to look at how they have constructed it.

The introduction of a rhetorical analysis presents the text, some background information, and your thesis statement; the body comprises the analysis itself; and the conclusion wraps up your analysis of the text, emphasizing its relevance to broader concerns.

The example below is from a rhetorical analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech . Mouse over it to learn more.

King’s speech is infused with prophetic language throughout. Even before the famous “dream” part of the speech, King’s language consistently strikes a prophetic tone. He refers to the Lincoln Memorial as a “hallowed spot” and speaks of rising “from the dark and desolate valley of segregation” to “make justice a reality for all of God’s children.” The assumption of this prophetic voice constitutes the text’s strongest ethical appeal; after linking himself with political figures like Lincoln and the Founding Fathers, King’s ethos adopts a distinctly religious tone, recalling Biblical prophets and preachers of change from across history. This adds significant force to his words; standing before an audience of hundreds of thousands, he states not just what the future should be, but what it will be: “The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.” This warning is almost apocalyptic in tone, though it concludes with the positive image of the “bright day of justice.” The power of King’s rhetoric thus stems not only from the pathos of his vision of a brighter future, but from the ethos of the prophetic voice he adopts in expressing this vision.

Literary analysis

A literary analysis essay presents a close reading of a work of literature—e.g. a poem or novel—to explore the choices made by the author and how they help to convey the text’s theme. It is not simply a book report or a review, but an in-depth interpretation of the text.

Literary analysis looks at things like setting, characters, themes, and figurative language. The goal is to closely analyze what the author conveys and how.

The introduction of a literary analysis essay presents the text and background, and provides your thesis statement; the body consists of close readings of the text with quotations and analysis in support of your argument; and the conclusion emphasizes what your approach tells us about the text.

Mouse over the example below, the introduction to a literary analysis essay on Frankenstein , to learn more.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, protagonist Victor Frankenstein is a stable representation of the callous ambition of modern science throughout the novel. This essay, however, argues that far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as. This essay begins by exploring the positive portrayal of Frankenstein in the first volume, then moves on to the creature’s perception of him, and finally discusses the third volume’s narrative shift toward viewing Frankenstein as the creature views him.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
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• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
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At high school and in composition classes at university, you’ll often be told to write a specific type of essay , but you might also just be given prompts.

Look for keywords in these prompts that suggest a certain approach: The word “explain” suggests you should write an expository essay , while the word “describe” implies a descriptive essay . An argumentative essay might be prompted with the word “assess” or “argue.”

The vast majority of essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Almost all academic writing involves building up an argument, though other types of essay might be assigned in composition classes.

Essays can present arguments about all kinds of different topics. For example:

• In a literary analysis essay, you might make an argument for a specific interpretation of a text
• In a history essay, you might present an argument for the importance of a particular event
• In a politics essay, you might argue for the validity of a certain political theory

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

Cite this Scribbr article

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Research Question Generator: Best Tool for Students

Stuck formulating a research question? Try the tool we’ve made! With our research question generator, you’ll get a list of ideas for an academic assignment of any level. All you need to do is add the keywords you’re interested in, push the button, and enjoy the result!

Now, here comes your inspiration 😃

Please try again with some different keywords.

Why Use Research Question Generator?

The choice of research topic is a vital step in the process of any academic task completion. Whether you’re working on a small essay or a large dissertation, your topic will make it fail or fly. The best way to cope with the naming task and proceed to the writing part is to use our free online tool for title generation. Its benefits are indisputable.

• The tool generates research questions, not just topics
• It makes questions focused on your field of interest
• It’s free and quick in use

Research Question Generator: How to Use

Using our research question generator tool, you won’t need to crack your brains over this part of the writing assignment anymore. All you need to do is:

• Insert your study topic of interest in the relevant tab
• Choose a subject and click “Generate topics”
• Grab one of the offered options on the list

The results will be preliminary; you should use them as an initial reference point and refine them further for a workable, correctly formulated research question.

Research Questions: Types & Examples

Depending on your type of study (quantitative vs. qualitative), you might need to formulate different research question types. For instance, a typical quantitative research project would need a quantitative research question, which can be created with the following formula:

Variable(s) + object that possesses that variable + socio-demographic characteristics

You can choose among three quantitative research question types: descriptive, comparative, and relationship-based. Let's consider each type in more detail to clarify the practical side of question formulation.

Descriptive

As its name suggests, a descriptive research question inquires about the number, frequency, or intensity of something and aims to describe a quantitative issue. Some examples include:

• How often do people download personal finance apps in 2022?
• How regularly do Americans go on holidays abroad?
• How many subscriptions for paid learning resources do UK students make a year?

Comparative

Comparative research questions presuppose comparing and contrasting things within a research study. You should pick two or more objects, select a criterion for comparison, and discuss it in detail. Here are good examples:

• What is the difference in calorie intake between Japanese and American preschoolers?
• Does male and female social media use duration per day differ in the USA?
• What are the attitudes of Baby Boomers versus Millennials to freelance work?

Relationship-based

Relationship-based research is a bit more complex, so you'll need extra work to formulate a good research question. Here, you should single out:

• The independent variable
• The dependent variable
• The socio-demographics of your population of interest

Let’s illustrate how it works:

• How does the socio-economic status affect schoolchildren’s dropout rates in the UK?
• What is the relationship between screen time and obesity among American preschoolers?

Research Question Maker FAQ

In a nutshell, a research question is the one you set to answer by performing a specific academic study. Thus, for instance, if your research question is, “How did global warming affect bird migration in California?," you will study bird migration patterns concerning global warming dynamics.

You should think about the population affected by your topic, the specific aspect of your concern, and the timing/historical period you want to study. It’s also necessary to specify the location – a specific country, company, industry sector, the whole world, etc.

A great, effective research question should answer the "who, what, when, where" questions. In other words, you should define the subject of interest, the issue of your concern related to that subject, the timeframe, and the location of your study.

If you don’t know how to write a compelling research question, use our automated tool to complete the task in seconds. You only need to insert your subject of interest, and smart algorithms will do the rest, presenting a set of workable, interesting question suggestions.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay: Topics, Samples and Tips to Score Band 9!

Are you aiming for excellence in your IELTS Writing? Do you dream of achieving that elusive band 9 score? Look no further! In this blog, we will embark on a journey of transforming your essay writing skills from good to great. Scoring a band 9 in the IELTS Writing module requires not only a strong command of language but also a deep understanding of the assessment criteria and effective writing strategies.

Whether you're a beginner looking to improve or an experienced test-taker seeking that extra edge, this guide will provide you with valuable insights, practical tips, and real examples to help you unlock the secrets of achieving a band 9 in your IELTS essays. So, let's delve into the world of high-scoring IELTS Writing essays and discover how to take your writing prowess to new heights!

IELTS Writing test syllabus, exam pattern, and duration

Duration: 60 minutes

Writing – Academic

The Academic version of the Writing component consists of two tasks, each addressing topics of broad relevance and suitability for individuals entering undergraduate or postgraduate studies, or those seeking professional registration.

Writing – General Training

The General Training version of the Writing component comprises two tasks that revolve around topics of general interest, designed to assess candidates' ability to communicate effectively in common real-life situations.

IELTS Writing task 2 essay writing – Step-by-step guide for scoring a band 9

Here's a step-by-step guide to the IELTS Writing Task 2 :

Step 1: Understand the task requirements

Carefully read and comprehend the task prompt

Identify the type of essay you are required to write, such as opinion, discussion, or problem-solution

Take note of any specific instructions, word limits, or key points to address

Step 2: Plan and organise your ideas

Spend a few minutes brainstorming and generating ideas related to the task.

Create a clear and coherent outline that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

Organise your ideas logically and decide on the main points for each paragraph.

Step 3: Write an engaging introduction

Begin your essay with a captivating opening sentence that grabs the reader's attention

Provide some background information or context related to the topic

State your thesis or main argument clearly, which will guide the rest of your essay

Step 4: Develop coherent body paragraphs

Commence each body paragraph with a topic sentence that presents the primary concept

Support your ideas with relevant examples, facts, or evidence

Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence and flow

Step 5: Showcase language skills and vocabulary

Employ an extensive array of vocabulary and grammatical structures

Demonstrate your ability to express ideas accurately and precisely

Show awareness of cohesive devices, such as linking words and phrases

Step 6: Conclude effectively

Provide a concise summary of the key points addressed in the body paragraphs

Restate your thesis and provide a concise closing statement

Leave the reader with a lasting impression or a thought-provoking question

Step 7: Revise and edit

Allocate time to review your essay for any grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, or typos

Check the coherence and coherence of your ideas and arguments

Make necessary revisions to improve clarity, coherence, and overall quality

Step 8: Practice time management

Allocate the appropriate amount of time for each task (Task 1 and Task 2)

Practice writing essays within the given time limit to build speed and efficiency

Monitor your progress and adjust your writing speed accordingly

Step 9: Seek feedback and continuous improvement

Share your essays with a teacher, tutor, or native English speaker for feedback

Identify areas for improvement and focus on enhancing those skills

Regularly practice writing essays to refine your technique and boost your confidence

By following these step-by-step guidelines and consistently practicing, you can improve your IELTS Writing Task performance and work towards achieving your desired band score. Remember, practice and perseverance are key to success in the IELTS Writing module. Good luck!

IELTS Writing Task 2 sample essays to achieve a band score of 9

Here are a few IELTS essay samples for band 9 that demonstrate a high level of language proficiency and can help you understand how to score a band 9. Please note that these are samples for your reference and should not be copied/used as they are presented below:

IELTS Writing Task 2 essay topic: Advantages and disadvantages of technology in education

Introduction: In recent years, technology has revolutionised the education sector, providing both benefits and drawbacks. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating technology into education and argue that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

Body Paragraph 1 (Advantages): One major advantage of technology in education is enhanced learning opportunities. With the help of interactive multimedia tools, students can access a vast range of information and resources, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of complex concepts. Additionally, technology promotes student engagement and active learning, as it enables personalised and interactive teaching methods.

Body Paragraph 2 (Disadvantages) : Despite the numerous advantages, there are some disadvantages to using technology in education. Firstly, excessive reliance on technology may lead to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and hinder the development of crucial social skills. Moreover, the availability of inaccurate or biased information on the internet can pose a challenge in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of sources used for academic purposes.

Body Paragraph 3 (Benefits outweigh drawbacks) : However, the benefits of technology in education far outweigh the drawbacks. By incorporating technology, educational institutions can bridge the gap between traditional teaching methods and the digital world, preparing students for future careers that heavily rely on technological literacy. Furthermore, technology can facilitate distance learning, reaching students who are geographically isolated or have limited access to educational resources.

Conclusion: In conclusion, technology has transformed education by offering enhanced learning opportunities and promoting student engagement. While there are some disadvantages associated with technology, the benefits of incorporating it into education outweigh the drawbacks. It is crucial for educators to strike a balance between traditional teaching methods and technology to maximize the potential of both.

IELTS Writing Task 2 essay topic: Effects of global warming on the environment

Introduction : Global warming, caused primarily by human activities, has become a pressing issue with far-reaching consequences for the environment. This essay will explore the effects of global warming on the environment and argue that urgent action is required to mitigate its detrimental impacts.

Body Paragraph 1 (Rise in temperatures) : One of the most significant effects of global warming is the rise in temperatures worldwide. This leads to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, resulting in sea-level rise and an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and heat waves. Moreover, higher temperatures disrupt ecosystems, endangering various plant and animal species.

Body Paragraph 2 (Loss of biodiversity) : Global warming poses a significant threat to biodiversity. As temperatures increase, many species struggle to adapt or migrate to more suitable habitats, leading to their decline or extinction. The loss of biodiversity has severe consequences for ecosystem stability, as each species plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.

Body Paragraph 3 (Environmental degradation) : Another consequence of global warming is environmental degradation. Rising temperatures contribute to the acidification of oceans, damaging coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Additionally, increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere lead to oceanic dead zones, negatively impacting marine life. Deforestation, driven by the need for resources and land for agriculture, exacerbates global warming by reducing the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.

In conclusion, global warming has profound effects on the environment, including rising temperatures, loss of biodiversity, and environmental degradation. Immediate and concerted efforts are necessary to address this issue, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainable practices, and preserving natural habitats. Only through collective action can we mitigate the impacts of global warming and protect our planet for future generations.

These sample essays showcase the structure, vocabulary, and coherence necessary to achieve a band 9 score. Remember to practice writing within the time constraints of the IELTS test (40 minutes for the writing section).

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Understanding the Concept of Justification in Academic Discourse

This essay is about the concept of justification and its significance in various fields such as philosophy law science and ethics. Justification involves providing reasons or arguments that support a claim action or belief ensuring that these are grounded in sound reasoning. In philosophy it addresses how beliefs are supported by evidence. In law it explains actions to avoid culpability like self-defense. In science it underpins the validation of hypotheses through empirical evidence. In ethics it evaluates the morality of actions based on principles or theories. The essay emphasizes the importance of justification for critical thinking effective communication and informed decision-making in both academic and everyday contexts.

How it works

In academic discourse the term “justification” holds a significant and multifaceted role. It is a concept that permeates various fields from philosophy and law to science and ethics. At its core justification involves providing reasons or arguments that support a particular claim action or belief. This concept is essential for establishing credibility validating decisions and ensuring that assertions are grounded in sound reasoning.

In philosophy justification is a central theme particularly in epistemology—the study of knowledge. Philosophers have long debated what it means for a belief to be justified.

The traditional view often associated with the work of René Descartes and John Locke posits that a justified belief is one that is supported by evidence or logical reasoning. For example if someone believes that it will rain because they see dark clouds in the sky and feel the humidity rising their belief is justified based on the available evidence. However justification in philosophy is not always straightforward. The Gettier problem introduced by Edmund Gettier in 1963 challenged the notion that having justified true belief is sufficient for knowledge suggesting that one can have justified beliefs that are true by mere coincidence.

In the legal realm justification is also a pivotal concept particularly in criminal law. Legal justification refers to the reasoning that an individual uses to explain their actions often to avoid culpability. For instance self-defense is a common justification used in legal cases. When someone claims self-defense they are arguing that their actions were justified because they were necessary to protect themselves from imminent harm. This type of justification must meet specific legal criteria to be accepted in court such as the presence of an immediate threat and a proportional response.

Justification is equally important in the sciences where it underpins the scientific method. Scientists justify their hypotheses and conclusions through rigorous testing experimentation and peer review. A hypothesis must be supported by empirical evidence and must be replicable by others in the field to be considered justified. For example the theory of evolution is justified by a vast body of evidence from various disciplines including genetics paleontology and comparative anatomy. This extensive evidence provides the necessary justification for the scientific community to accept the theory as a valid explanation of biological diversity.

In ethics justification is crucial for evaluating the morality of actions and decisions. Ethical justification involves providing reasons why a particular action is right or wrong often based on moral principles or theories. For instance utilitarianism justifies actions based on their consequences arguing that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness. On the other hand deontological ethics justifies actions based on adherence to moral rules or duties regardless of the consequences. These differing approaches to ethical justification highlight the complexity and variability of moral reasoning.

The concept of justification also extends to everyday decision-making and interpersonal interactions. People often seek justification for their choices to validate their actions to themselves and others. For example someone might justify purchasing an expensive item by citing its long-term durability and quality thus providing reasons to support their decision. Similarly in social contexts individuals may justify their behavior to maintain social harmony or to align with group norms.

Understanding justification is essential for critical thinking and effective communication. It requires the ability to construct coherent arguments evaluate evidence and recognize the strengths and weaknesses of different justifications. Whether in academic research legal proceedings scientific inquiry or ethical debates justification serves as the foundation for rational discourse and informed decision-making.

In conclusion justification is a multifaceted concept that plays a vital role across various domains. It involves providing reasons or arguments that support a claim action or belief and it is essential for establishing credibility and validity. By understanding the principles of justification individuals can enhance their critical thinking skills make informed decisions and engage in meaningful dialogue. This foundational concept underscores the importance of reasoning and evidence in all aspects of knowledge and human interaction.

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Home > Blog > Student > Scholarship > How to Write a Winning UK Scholarship Essay: 2024 Guide for Indian Students

How to write a strong scholarship essay for colleges in UK?

30sec Snapshot

Applying for scholarships in the UK? Learn how to write a standout essay that impresses UK universities. This guide provides practical tips, examples, and resources tailored for Indian students seeking funding for their UK education in 2024. Discover how to highlight your unique strengths and make a lasting impression on scholarship committees.

Unlocking UK Scholarships: Crafting the Perfect Essay for Indian Students

Dreaming of a world-class education amidst the historical charm and academic excellence of the United Kingdom? Scholarships are your key to turning this dream into reality. But with countless talented applicants, how can you make your scholarship essay stand out? This guide dives deep into the art of crafting compelling essays tailored for different UK scholarships, specifically for Indian students.

Why the UK is a Prime Destination for Indian Students

Before we delve into essay writing, let’s recap why the UK is a top choice for Indian students:

• Academic Excellence: World-renowned universities with cutting-edge research and a legacy of innovation.
• Cultural Diversity: Immerse yourself in a multicultural society with a rich history and vibrant arts scene.
• Global Career Opportunities: Gain a globally recognized degree and access to a vast network of professionals.
• Post-Study Work Visa: The UK offers post-study work visas, allowing you to gain valuable work experience.

Crafting Your Winning Scholarship Essay: A Strategic Approach

Your scholarship essay is your chance to showcase your unique qualities and potential beyond your academic achievements. Let’s break down the key strategies for different types of scholarships:

Merit-Based Scholarships: Showcase Your Academic Prowess

Emphasize your academic achievements, such as your GPA, standardized test scores (like IELTS or TOEFL), and any academic awards or honors. Highlight relevant coursework, research projects, or publications that demonstrate your exceptional abilities in your chosen field.

“As a top-ranking student with a [GPA] and [standardized test scores], I consistently strive for academic excellence. My research project on [topic] at [institution] showcases my dedication to [field of study] and my potential to contribute to the UK’s research landscape.”

Need-Based Scholarships: Tell Your Story of Resilience

Focus on your financial circumstances and how the scholarship would be instrumental in helping you achieve your academic goals. Explain how the scholarship would alleviate your financial burden and allow you to focus on your studies.

“Coming from a modest background in India, affording a UK education is a significant financial challenge for my family. However, my determination to pursue a degree in [field of study] remains unwavering. This scholarship would empower me to overcome financial barriers and make meaningful contributions to society.”

Subject-Specific Scholarships: Demonstrate Your Expertise

Highlight your passion and accomplishments in your chosen field of study. Mention relevant coursework, research projects, internships, or awards that demonstrate your expertise and interest in pursuing your studies in the UK.

“My internship at [company name] in India ignited my passion for [field of study]. The [scholarship name] would enable me to delve deeper into this field through the [specific UK program], where I aim to contribute to groundbreaking research and innovation in the UK’s thriving academic environment.”

University-Specific Scholarships: Connect with the Institution

Research the university thoroughly and tailor your essay to their values, mission, and specific scholarship criteria. Highlight how your goals and aspirations align with the university’s vision and how you would contribute to their academic community.

“The University of [University Name]’s emphasis on [university value] deeply resonates with my own values and aspirations. My experiences in [your experiences] have instilled in me a strong desire to [your goal]. With the [scholarship name], I can immerse myself in the university’s diverse and intellectually stimulating environment, contributing to [specific area].”

General Tips for a Winning Essay:

• Read the Prompt Carefully: Understand the essay question and address all aspects thoroughly.
• Connect with the UK: Showcase your interest in the UK’s culture, history, or academic landscape.
• Be Specific: Use concrete examples and anecdotes to illustrate your points.
• Tell a Story: Craft a compelling narrative that showcases your personality, goals, and motivations.
• Proofread Meticulously: Ensure your essay is error-free, well-structured, and engaging.

Helpful Resources:

• UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA): https://www.ukcisa.org.uk/
• Study UK: https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/
• The Scholarship Hub: https://www.thescholarshiphub.org.uk/
• Leverage Edu: https://leverageedu.com/

Factors Influencing Scholarship Coverage

Several factors influence the amount of financial support a scholarship offers:

• Scholarship Type: Government-funded scholarships often provide more comprehensive coverage than university-specific or private scholarships.
• Academic Merit: Scholarships often consider academic achievements like GPA, standardized test scores, and research publications. High-achieving students may be eligible for larger awards.
• Degree Level: Scholarships for postgraduate programs, especially doctoral studies, might offer more comprehensive financial support compared to undergraduate programs due to the higher costs associated with research and advanced studies.

Maximizing Your Scholarship Opportunities:

To increase your chances of securing financial aid, consider these tips:

• Start Early: Begin your scholarship search well in advance of the application deadlines.
• Research Thoroughly: Explore various scholarship programs and identify those that align with your academic profile, field of study, and career goals.
• Tailor Your Application: Customize your application materials for each scholarship, highlighting your unique strengths and qualifications.
• Network with Alumni: Connect with alumni of your target universities who might be aware of additional scholarship opportunities or can offer valuable advice.

Useful Resources:

• UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA): This website provides comprehensive information on scholarships and financial aid for international students in the UK. Visit their website at https://www.ukcisa.org.uk/ .
• Study UK: The British Council’s Study UK website offers a scholarship search tool to help you find suitable scholarships: https://study-uk.britishcouncil.org/
• The Scholarship Hub: This platform aggregates various scholarships available for international students in the UK: https://www.thescholarshiphub.org.uk/

What is the Niyo Scholarship -

The Niyo Scholarship for Indian students with sights set on international education this Fall 2024!

Niyo which provides free Zero Forex Cards to Indian students to help them save forex charges while studying abroad has launched a $20,000 scholarship fund divided into 10 scholarships each worth $2,000, to outstanding Indian students who are starting their Master’s or Bachelors programs at universities outside India.

The eligibility criteria are broad to ensure that students from all backgrounds have a chance. Whether you are an academic achiever, facing financial difficulties, demonstrated innovative ideas, or are committed to social work, the Niyo Scholarship can support your journey to a world-class education. 

This initiative aims to help students from various fields and encourage diverse talents to pursue their educational dreams abroad.

How to Apply:

• Download the Niyo app (click on the button or scan the QR to download). 
• Get your free Niyo card (it’s quick and easy!).
• Watch for the scholarship banner on the Niyo app homepage (will appear once you complete the card order process).
• Click on the banner to access the application form.
• Fill out the form and submit your application.

Top Questions Answered: Your Guide to the Niyo Scholarship

1. who can apply, what’s the eligibility.

• Indian students starting their studies abroad in Fall 2024 (between July and September). This includes both bachelor’s and master’s programs.
• Parents can apply on behalf of their minor children pursuing a bachelor’s degree.
• Must be a Niyo Card Holder.

2. What countries are eligible?

The scholarship is open to all Indian students starting education abroad in any country outside India, including the

• United States
• United Kingdom
• Netherlands
• United Arab Emirates
• Philippines

And many more

3. Is academic merit the only factor?

Absolutely not! We celebrate well-rounded individuals. Here’s how you can qualify:

• Merit: Stellar academic performance is always impressive.
• Financial Need: Facing financial limitations? We understand. Explain how the scholarship would make a difference.
• Innovation: Pioneered a groundbreaking project? Showcase your ingenuity!
• Social Work: Actively involved in social or environmental causes? Let your dedication shine.

4. Why Apply for the Niyo Scholarship?

There are several compelling reasons to join the Niyo Scholarship race:

• Financial Support: Each scholarship provides a substantial $2,000 to ease your educational expenses abroad.
• Recognition: Be acknowledged for your academic excellence, innovative spirit, or dedication to social good.
• Easy Application: The entire process is conveniently accessible through the user-friendly Niyo app.

5. Can I apply if I already have another scholarship?

Yes! The Niyo Scholarship is designed to be stackable with other financial aid awards you might receive. This means you can combine the Niyo Scholarship award with your existing scholarship to maximize your financial support for your studies abroad.

6. When will the winners be announced?

Niyo shall start announcing the award winners by mid-July.

Don’t miss out on this incredible opportunity! Download the Niyo app, get your card, and be ready to apply for the scholarship.

By compiling the necessary documents and presenting a well-rounded application that showcases your academic merit and interest in studying in Armenia, you’ll significantly increase your chances of securing a scholarship to support your academic journey in this fascinating country!

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