cheapest phd canada

• Top Universities for PhD Study in Canada – 2024

Written by Marcus Holt

Like its near-neighbour, the USA, Canada is a big country. However, unlike the USA, a relatively small proportion of Canada is actually inhabited. This means that the Canadian university system isn't as large (or complicated) as you might expect.

Research universities and graduate schools

There are around 100 research universities in Canada that offer PhD programmes. Other institutions such as liberal arts colleges and community colleges also exist, but these don't tend to offer PhDs. Universities often run their doctoral programmes within dedicated graduate schools.

Canadian universities can be public or private, depending on how they receive their funding:

• Public universities (the great majority) are financially supported by their local province or territory. They tend to offer more comprehensive study opportunities, including doctoral programmes.
• Private universities are funded by third-party sources (such as religious organisations). These tend to be smaller and more specialised.

Universities within Canadian provinces and territories

Canada's vast size and colonial history mean the country has developed a federal structure. It is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories . Provinces are independent sovereign entities (similar to US states). Territories have their authority delegated by the central federal government.

Only provinces possess research universities (with the ability to offer doctoral programmes).

The part of Canada you choose to study in may determine available funding and the course language. Usually programmes will be offered in English, French or both.

There are 10 Canadian provinces whose universities offer PhD study:

• Alberta is a landlocked province in western Canada, famous for its vast forests, prairies and mountain ranges. There are 5 universities offering PhDs in Alberta and the official language is English .
• British Columbia is Canada's westernmost province. Its rugged landscape is characterised by temperate rainforests and striking coastal fjords. There are 7 universities offering PhDs in British Columbia and the official language is English .
• Manitoba is a central province, home to vast prairies and some of Canada's Great Lakes. There are 2 universities offering PhDs in Manitoba and the official language is English .
• New Brunswick is a small province on the eastern coast of Canada. It's home to forests, mountains and some of the oldest European settlements in North America. There are 2 universities offering PhDs in New Brunswick and the official languages are English and French .
• Nova Scotia is a maritime province in Atlantic Canada, made up of a peninsula and neighbouring islands. There are 5 universities offering PhDs in Nova Scotia and the official language is English .
• Newfoundland and Labrador is Canada's easternmost province, made up of the island of Newfoundland and the mainland region of Labrador. It is geographically defined by its subarctic tundra and striking mountains. There is 1 university offering PhDs in Newfoundland and Labrador and the official language is English .
• Ontario is Canada's most populous province, located in the east of the country. It is home to the Canadian capital, Ottawa, as well as the famous Lake Ontario and Niagara Falls. There are 22 universities offering PhDs in Ontario and the official language is English .
• Prince Edward Island is a maritime province on the east coast of Canada - the smallest in the country. It is made up of the titular island, plus a network of smaller islands. There is 1 university offering PhDs in Prince Edward Island and the official language is English .
• Québec is Canada's largest province, situated at the east of the country. It is home to a rich independent Québécois culture and is famous for its rivers, lakes and bays. There are 17 universities offering PhDs in Québec and the official language is French .
• Saskatchewan is a large landlocked province in central Canada, defined by its praries and lakes. There are 2 universities offering PhDs in Saskatchewan and the official language is English .

Canada's three territories are the Yukon , Nanavut and Northwest Territories . They do have colleges offering undergraduate degrees, but do not currently have universities with doctoral programmes.

How much do rankings matter for PhD students?

Rankings can be a helpful resource for prospective PhD students, but they shouldn’t be the be-all-and-end-all of your search. We break down how the system works and how to get the best out of it in our guide to PhD rankings .

Top 20 universities for PhD study in Canada

We’ve listed the top 20 Canadian universities in 2024, based on the current rankings published by Times Higher Education, QS and the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

Top 20 Canadian Universities in 2024

University	THE 2024	QS 2024	ARWU 2023
University of Toronto	21	21	24
University of British Columbia	41	=34	44
McGill University	49	30	70
McMaster University	=103	189	98
University of Alberta	=109	111	91
University of Montreal	=111	141	151-200
University of Waterloo	=158	112	151-200
University of Ottawa	=177	=203	201-300
University of Calgary	201-250	182	201-300
Western Univeristy	201-250	114	301-400
Universitié Laval	251-300	441	301-400
Queen's University	251-300	=209	201-300
Simon Fraser University	251-300	318	301-400
Dalhousie University	301-350	298	301-400
University of Victoria	351-400	322	301-400
University of Manitoba	351-400	651-700	201-300
	351-400	353	401-500
University of Saskatchewan	351-400	=345	301-400
University of Guelph	401-600	=486	501-600
Carleton University	501-600	671-680	501-600
World University Rankings, and . Visit their websites for more information.

Think you’re ready to find the perfect project for you?

Search our database of PhD programmes in Canada .

Want More Updates & Advice?

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

Canada is a popular and surprisingly affordable destination for PhD study, with comparatively low fees and a range of fellowships, graduate assistantships and other funding options.

Want to study a PhD in Canada? This guide gives a detailed introduction to the kind of visa you need to study in Canada and how to apply for it.

What's it like to live in Canada during a PhD? Our guide covers accommodation, student living costs, working and other key information.

Looking for the best universities for PhDs in Environmental Sciences in Canada? Compare ranking tables from top sources here, along with their methodologies.

Looking for the best universities for PhDs in Electrical Engineering in Canada? Compare ranking tables from top sources here, along with their methodologies.

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Tuition fees by university

University tuition fees (Canadian dollars) for full-time Canadian and international students in an arts and humanities program, 2023 – 2024.

Source: Statistics Canada

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Undergraduate		Graduate
University	Undergraduate - Canadian Students	Undergraduate - Foreign Students	Graduate - Canadian Students	Graduate - Foreign Students	Province
Memorial University of Newfoundland	$2,760 - $6,240	$12,390 - $20,790	$1,905 - $3,717	$3,222 - $4,833	Newfoundland & Labrador
University of Prince Edward Island	$6,828 - $6,828	$14,838 - $14,838	$6,450 - $8,961	$10,455 - $16,971	Prince Edward Island
Acadia University	$8,771 - $10,054	$20,947 - $20,947	$8,713 - $9,996	$21,174 - $21,174	Nova Scotia
Université Sainte-Anne	$7,481 - $8,764	$14,425 - $14,425	$7,466 - $8,764	$14,425 - $14,425	Nova Scotia
Dalhousie University	$7,570 - $8,853	$27,399 - $31,900	$8,089 - $9,372	$16,986 - $27,918	Nova Scotia
Mount Saint Vincent University	$7,645 - $8,928	$17,855 - $17,855	$5,942 - $6,711	$12,068 - $12,068	Nova Scotia
NSCAD University	$8,297 - $9,580	$21,451 - $21,451	$8,361 - $9,644	$21,642 - $21,642	Nova Scotia
St. Francis Xavier University	$8,665 - $9,938	$19,876 - $19,876	$5,606 - $6,376	$12,752 - $12,752	Nova Scotia
Saint Mary's University	$7,607 - $8,890	$20,760 - $22,370	$4,264 - $7,564	$12,284 - $16,751	Nova Scotia
University of King's College	$8,922 - $9,380	$27,926 - $31,900			Nova Scotia
Cape Breton University	$7,762 - $9,045	$18,090 - $18,090	$10,036 - $11,319	$20,364 - $20,364	Nova Scotia
Mount Allison University	$10,015 - $10,015	$20,210 - $20,210	$5,010 - $5,010	$5,010 - $5,010	New Brunswick
University of New Brunswick	$7,459 - $8,177	$18,429 - $19,148	$8,001 - $8,001	$14,325 - $14,325	New Brunswick
Université de Moncton	$7,795 - $7,795	$14,285 - $14,285	$3,360 - $10,356	$6,600 - $19,500	New Brunswick
St. Thomas University	$8,280 - $8,280	$18,610 - $18,610	$6,174 - $10,290	$12,636 - $21,060	New Brunswick
Bishop's University	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,922 - $27,006	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,728 - $27,006	Québec
McGill University	$2,881 - $8,992	$20,483 - $41,000	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $28,362	Québec
Université de Montréal	$2,881 - $8,992	$27,102 - $27,102	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $20,553	Québec
Polytechnique Montréal	$2,881 - $8,992	$28,132 - $28,132	$3,241 - $10,116	$19,922 - $22,194	Québec
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales(HEC)	$2,881 - $8,992	$29,870 - $29,870	$2,881 - $8,992	$21,630 - $21,630	Québec
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,728 - $22,037	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $19,728	Québec
Université du Québec à Montréal	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,728 - $22,036	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,709 - $19,728	Québec
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue	$2,881 - $8,992	$22,036 - $22,036	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $19,728	Québec
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,728 - $22,037	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $19,728	Québec
Université du Québec en Outaouais	$2,881 - $8,992	$20,118 - $22,479	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $19,728	Québec
École nationale d'administration publique			$2,881 - $8,992	$17,619 - $19,728	Québec
Institut national de la recherche scientifique			$3,146 - $9,257	$17,974 - $19,993	Québec
Université du Québec à Rimouski	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,729 - $19,729	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,729 - $19,729	Québec
École de technologie supérieure	$2,881 - $8,992	$28,440 - $28,440	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $24,383	Québec
Université Laval	$2,881 - $8,992	$22,699 - $23,218	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $22,699	Québec
Université de Sherbrooke	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,728 - $22,037	$2,881 - $8,992	$17,708 - $19,728	Québec
Concordia University	$2,881 - $8,992	$19,581 - $27,761	$2,160 - $6,744	$13,282 - $22,989	Québec
Université TÉLUQ*	$2,881 - $8,992	$8,992 - $8,992	$2,881 - $8,992	$8,992 - $19,728	Québec
Algoma University	$5,865 - $5,865	$20,000 - $20,000	$8,700 - $8,700	$22,500 - $22,500	Ontario
Brock University	$6,089 - $6,394	$30,744 - $34,152	$8,039 - $8,176	$23,504 - $23,504	Ontario
Carleton University	$6,067 - $10,709	$29,828 - $45,923	$4,952 - $7,256	$13,060 - $17,780	Ontario
University of Guelph	$6,091 - $6,715	$33,046 - $33,046	$4,755 - $4,993	$13,675 - $17,127	Ontario
Lakehead University	$5,398 - $5,985	$27,318 - $28,500	$4,894 - $5,390	$15,334 - $15,334	Ontario
Laurentian University (includes Hearst University)	$5,908 - $6,430	$26,575 - $27,258	$5,721 - $5,721	$14,361 - $14,361	Ontario
University of Sudbury					Ontario
McMaster University	$5,955 - $6,043	$40,318 - $45,703	$6,307 - $6,307	$6,307 - $17,096	Ontario
OCAD University	$6,052 - $6,506	$26,880 - $26,880	$16,670 - $16,670	$34,950 - $34,950	Ontario
University of Ottawa	$6,088 - $6,712	$43,335 - $43,335	$6,367 - $8,597	$17,478 - $31,507	Ontario
Queen's University	$6,083 - $6,706	$51,845 - $54,808	$5,773 - $12,156	$12,927 - $16,592	Ontario
University of Toronto	$6,100 - $12,340	$43,620 - $62,580	$6,210 - $10,350	$6,210 - $45,310	Ontario
University of St. Michael's College	$6,100 - $6,100	$60,510 - $60,510	$4,800 - $7,205	$21,200 - $27,150	Ontario
University of Trinity College					Ontario
Victoria University (includes Emmanuel College)					Ontario
Trent University	$6,118 - $6,118	$23,987 - $28,286	$5,394 - $5,394	$14,851 - $14,851	Ontario
University of Waterloo	$6,128 - $7,946	$37,038 - $51,448	$3,504 - $4,508	$4,602 - $15,392	Ontario
St. Jerome's University	$9,000 - $9,000	$55,000 - $55,000	$4,500 - $4,500	$15,000 - $15,000	Ontario
Western University (excludes colleges)	$6,050 - $6,669	$37,712 - $42,233	$6,360 - $6,360	$19,751 - $19,751	Ontario
Brescia University College					Ontario
Huron University College	$8,415 - $8,415	$46,079 - $58,321	$6,604 - $8,018	$8,018 - $46,179	Ontario
King's University College at Western University	$6,050 - $6,050	$42,233 - $54,475			Ontario
University of Windsor	$5,800 - $6,584	$27,150 - $30,200	$7,179 - $7,538	$22,995 - $23,460	Ontario
York University	$6,118 - $6,118	$34,067 - $34,067	$2,871 - $2,871	$12,550 - $12,550	Ontario
Wilfrid Laurier University	$5,663 - $7,081	$30,777 - $32,251	$4,536 - $11,543	$13,320 - $27,120	Ontario
Toronto Metropolitan University	$6,093 - $6,939	$31,610 - $31,610	$4,307 - $18,485	$23,240 - $31,540	Ontario
Nipissing University	$5,781 - $6,374	$23,000 - $23,000	$8,506 - $9,378	$23,000 - $23,000	Ontario
Redeemer University College	$9,987 - $9,987	$18,566 - $18,566			Ontario
Royal Military College of Canada					Ontario
Ontario Tech University	$9,159 - $10,094	$33,161 - $41,799	$7,579 - $8,860	$19,166 - $30,409	Ontario
Brandon University	$4,284 - $4,551	$15,851 - $16,839	$3,415 - $3,732	$6,830 - $7,147	Manitoba
Canadian Mennonite University	$6,216 - $6,216	$9,632 - $9,632	$6,440 - $6,440	$9,982 - $9,982	Manitoba
University of Manitoba	$4,640 - $5,242	$17,693 - $20,168	$5,907 - $5,907	$12,995 - $12,995	Manitoba
St. Paul's College	$5,700 - $5,700	$19,300 - $19,300			Manitoba
Université de Saint-Boniface	$4,447 - $4,447	$9,784 - $9,784			Manitoba
The University of Winnipeg	$4,370 - $5,012	$16,245 - $19,544	$7,188 - $7,188	$14,798 - $14,798	Manitoba
University of Saskatchewan	$7,258 - $7,433	$30,482 - $31,218	$3,288 - $3,288	$3,288 - $7,398	Saskatchewan
St. Thomas More College (FT and PT combined)					Saskatchewan
University of Regina (excludes colleges)	$7,523 - $7,973	$22,568 - $23,918	$4,916 - $4,916	$8,920 - $8,920	Saskatchewan
Campion College					Saskatchewan
Luther College					Saskatchewan
First Nations University of Canada					Saskatchewan
University of Alberta	$6,875 - $6,875	$31,895 - $31,895	$4,838 - $4,838	$12,093 - $12,093	Alberta
University of Calgary	$6,961 - $6,961	$26,849 - $26,849	$3,604 - $9,238	$8,408 - $23,757	Alberta
University of Lethbridge	$6,429 - $6,429	$21,304 - $21,304	$5,837 - $6,270	$14,208 - $14,208	Alberta
The King's University					Alberta
Concordia University of Edmonton	$9,420 - $11,484	$24,710 - $27,803	$13,300 - $22,750	$11,966 - $38,040	Alberta
Athabasca University (PT only)	$6,090 - $7,840	$10,950 - $17,470	$17,290 - $17,290	$19,740 - $19,740	Alberta
Mount Royal University	$6,624 - $7,259	$23,100 - $23,100			Alberta
MacEwan University	$6,090 - $8,496	$21,600 - $28,800			Alberta
The University of British Columbia	$5,843 - $7,777	$41,595 - $44,942	$5,408 - $5,408	$9,500 - $9,500	British Columbia
Simon Fraser University	$6,236 - $6,236	$29,011 - $33,046	$3,099 - $6,198	$3,099 - $6,198	British Columbia
University of Victoria	$6,166 - $6,166	$23,291 - $29,715	$6,404 - $6,404	$8,077 - $8,077	British Columbia
Trinity Western University	$22,260 - $22,260	$22,260 - $22,260	$20,100 - $45,000	$20,100 - $45,000	British Columbia
University of Northern British Columbia	$5,872 - $5,872	$24,771 - $24,771	$3,640 - $3,640	$5,096 - $5,096	British Columbia
University of the Fraser Valley	$4,804 - $8,403	$20,460 - $20,460	$17,465 - $17,465	$25,000 - $25,000	British Columbia
Vancouver Island University	$4,894 - $4,894	$21,741 - $21,741	$10,636 - $14,301	$19,278 - $25,120	British Columbia
Royal Roads University	$9,271 - $10,554	$22,945 - $22,945	$13,682 - $17,831	$17,926 - $22,238	British Columbia
Emily Carr University of Art + Design	$4,439 - $4,439				British Columbia
Thompson Rivers University	$4,668 - $4,668	$20,546 - $20,546	$10,058 - $10,058	$15,145 - $15,145	British Columbia
Kwantlen Polytechnic University	$4,696 - $6,338	$21,368 - $21,368			British Columbia
Capilano University	$4,592 - $15,661	$19,597 - $31,041			British Columbia

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PhD in Canada: 2024 Admission Process, Cost, Scholarships, & Job Prospects

The annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada range from 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR. PhD in Canada offers a strong return on investment as graduates can earn up to CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR. Universities in Canada offer various scholarships to PhD students to help them manage their financial burden.

3.1 4.1 4.2  ​

PhD in Canada Top Universities

Below is a table showcasing the top universities and total annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada, along with the PhD programs in Canada.

QS World University Ranking 2024	University	Program Name	Annual Total Tuition Fee (CAD)
#21		PhD in Aerospace Science and Engineering, Anthropology, Biochemistry	8,969
#=34		Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership, Combined Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Medicine	9,861
#30		PhD in Information Studies, Biology	8,854
#=189		PhD in Engineering, Humanities	7000
#111		PhD in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Computing Science	8,874
#=203		PhD in Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering	7000
#182		Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Management	12,695
-		PhD in Chemical Engineering, Mining Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Water Engineering	15,142
#209		PhD in Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering	8,011
#112		PhD in Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering	15000

Why Study PhD in Canada?

Here are a few reasons why international students should pursue PhD degree in Canada:

• After completing a doctorate in Canada, international students can earn an average annual salary of CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR.
• Many top universities in Canada offer scholarships to international students to pursue a PhD. Some scholarships are The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship, The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Scholarship, The University of British Columbia Four-Year Doctoral Fellowship and the Ontario Graduate Scholarship.
• Pursuing PhD in Canada will offer international students a high return on investment of 530.42%.
• Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) - International students can stay and work in Canada for up to three years with the PGWP.

PhD in Canada: Admissions

To secure admission to PhD in Canada, the following common documents are required, along with eligibility criteria:

Eligibility Criteria for PhD in Canada

The eligibility criteria for international students to pursue PhD in Canada vary according to the programs and universities.

Here are the common eligibility criteria for PhD in Canada:

• Master’s degree in the relevant field with good grades.
• Proficiency in the English language is mandatory for international students who are not natives of English-speaking countries.
• TOEFL iBT : Overall 79 to 90
• IELTS : Overall 5.5 to 6.5
• Documents required by international students for admission to the PhD in Canada are as follows:
• 2-3 letters of reference
• Statement of Intent (Max 1 page)
• GRE is optional
• Attach Unofficial Transcripts
• Statement of purpose

PhD in Canada: Cost of Attendance

The cost of attendance for pursuing PhD in Canada is calculated by combining the total estimated tuition fees for one year with the cost of living in Canada.

PhD in Canada Fees

The total annual tuition fees for PhD in Canada range from 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD , equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR.

University	Annual Total Tuition Fee (CAD)	Total Annual Tuition Fees (INR)
University of Toronto	8,969	5.49 lakhs
University of British Columbia	9,861	6.04 lakhs
McGill University	8,854	5.42 lakhs
McMaster University	7000	4.29 lakhs
University of Alberta	8,874	5.44 lakhs
University of Ottawa	7000	4.29 lakhs
University of Calgary	12,695	7.78 lakhs
Laval University	15,142	9.28 lakhs
Queen’s University	8,011	4.91 lakhs
University of Waterloo	15000	9.19 lakhs

Cost of Living in Canada

The cost of living in Canada encompasses major expenses such as housing, groceries, transportation, mobile and internet expenses, and electricity. Living in Canada is, on average, almost 195% pricier than in India. Please consult the table below for a breakdown of expenditures in Canada.

Expense Type	Average Annual Expense (CAD)	Cost for Indian Students (INR)
Accommodation	20,376	12.47 lakhs
Meal	24,090	14.74 lakhs
Transportation	1200	73,443
Mobile Phone and Internet	684	41,862
Personal Expenses	15,000	9.18 lakhs
Electricity	2,388	1.46 lakhs
Total	63,738	39 lakhs

PhD Scholarship in Canada

There are various scholarships available for international students to study in Canada which many universities offer. Below is the table shedding light on the scholarships available for PhD in Canada, along with the eligibility criteria and awards.

Scholarships	Offered By	Eligibility	Award
The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships	Government of Canada	Citizenship: Canadian citizens | Permanent residents of Canada | Foreign citizens Health research | Natural sciences and/or engineering | Social sciences and humanities	CAD 50,000 per year for three years during doctoral studies.
Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Scholarship	Trust	Be in the first or second year of a full-time doctoral program, aiming to complete studies in 2027 or later | Study a humanities or human sciences field relevant to Canada's future | Be a Canadian citizen at a Canadian or foreign institution, or a non-Canadian in a Canadian doctoral program.	CAD 40,000 per year for three years, covering tuition and living expenses | Travel and accommodations (approximate value of CAD 5,000).
The University of British Columbia Four-Year Doctoral Fellowship	University of British Columbia	Selection based on academic excellence	CAD 18,200 stipend plus full tuition coverage.
Ontario Graduate Scholarship	University of Toronto	Be a Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or international student | Be registered in a full-time program in 2024-2025.	CAD 5,000 per session

PhD in Canada Job Opportunities

There are high-paying jobs in Canada for international students . After completing a PhD in Canada, graduates can earn an average annual salary of CAD 95,364 equivalent to 58.56 lakhs INR.

The following table showcases job titles available to those with PhD in Canada, along with top recruiters and the average salaries offered:

Job Title	Average Annual Salary (CAD)	Salary Equivalent (INR)
Research Scientist	83,653	51.28 lakhs
Postdoctoral Research Associate	47,524	29.13 lakhs
Assistant Professor	85,141	52.19 lakhs
Data Scientist	92,008	56.40 lakhs
Medical Writer	61,046	37.42 lakhs
Research Engineer	78,135	47.90 lakhs
R&D Director	110,335	67.64 lakhs
Physicist	79,712	48.86 lakhs

Source: Payscale

PhD in Canada: Return on Investment

The table presents the total annual tuition fees of the top universities in Canada for PhD, along with the average graduate salary per year.

University	Total Annual Tuition Fees (INR)	Average Graduate Salary Per Year (CAD)
University of Toronto	5.49 lakhs	136,000
University of British Columbia	6.04 lakhs	107,000
McGill University	5.42 lakhs	102,466
McMaster University	4.29 lakhs	176,000
University of Alberta	5.44 lakhs	150,000
University of Ottawa	4.29 lakhs	101,000
University of Calgary	7.78 lakhs	126,000

When considering studying in Canada , it is important to look toward job opportunities after graduation. Over the period 2022-2031, new job openings for university professors and lecturers are arising from the expansion of demand and replacement. According to the Government of Canada Labour Market Information Survey, A total of 29,700 new job opportunities are predicted between 2022 and 2031. While 29,500 new job seekers arising from school leavers, immigration and mobility are expected to be available to fill them.

Ques. How much does it cost to study PhD in Canada?

Ans . The total cost of pursuing PhD in Canada can be calculated by adding the total annual tuition fees and cost of living in Canada. The annual tuition fee for PhD in Canada is 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR. The cost of living in Canada includes the Rent, Mobile Phone and Internet, Electricity, Meals, Transportation and Personal expenses. Living in Canada costs more than in India. The average annual cost of living in Canada is CAD 63,738 (39 lakhs INR).

Ques. How many years is PhD in Canada?

Ans . PhD in Canada for Indian students takes 3 to 6 years to complete. The duration of the course varies from university to university.

Ques. Can I do PhD in Canada for a fee?

Ans . In Canada, PhD programs are not free for international students. Universities in Canada often charge higher tuition fees for international students compared to domestic or home students. The annual tuition fee for PhD in Canada is 7,000 CAD to 15,142 CAD, equivalent to 4.29 lakhs to 9.28 lakhs INR.

Ques. Can I work while doing PhD in Canada?

Ans . Yes, In Canada, with a valid study permit, full-time international students are usually allowed to work part-time on or off campus during university semesters for up to 20 hours per week . During scheduled breaks, such as winter or summer vacations, students are often permitted to work full-time.

Ques. Which PhD is most in demand in Canada?

Ans . The most in-demand PhD programs in Canada are from STEM disciplines and Humanities. Here are some of the names of the popular PhD programs in Canada:

• PhD in Aerospace Science and Engineering
• PhD in Anthropology
• PhD in Biochemistry
• PhD in Information Studies
• PhD in Biology
• PhD in Biological Sciences
• PhD in Chemistry
• PhD in Computing Science
• PhD in Chemical Engineering
• PhD in Biomedical Engineering
• PhD in Mechanical Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Management
• PhD in Mining Engineering
• PhD in Water Engineering

Ques. How much IELTS score is required for PhD in Canada?

Ans . Proficiency in English is mandatory for pursuing PhD in Canada. International students must have TOEFL scores of 79 to 90 or IELTS scores of 5.5 to 6.5.

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Why Study Ph.D. in Canada?

Overview of ph.d. programs in canada, list of top 5 universities to pursue phd programs in canada, eligibility criteria & admission requirements to study phd in canada, cost of studying phd in canada for international students, top 5 ph.d. scholarships in canada for international students, job opportunities after pursuing ph.d. in canada.

Did you know every year, Canada welcomes over 80,000 international students eager to dive into the world of cutting-edge research and pursue their PhD dreams? With world-renowned universities, groundbreaking innovation, and a supportive research environment, Canada has become a magnet for aspiring academics from around the globe.

But navigating the path to a Ph.D. in Canada can feel like trekking through an unfamiliar forest. Well, breathe easy, future Dr.! This comprehensive guide is your compass, ready to clear the path and lead you on a smooth journey to securing your PhD spot in Canada. Let’s begin!

The journey to a Ph.D. is about pushing boundaries, delving deep into your field, and making a splash in the world of knowledge. But where you choose to start on this exciting quest matters. Let's find out why Canada is your ideal destination for pursuing a PhD program.

• Canada ranks 13th in the Global Innovation Index 2023 , boasting top-notch research facilities and a collaborative environment.
• With 19 universities among the top 200 in QS World University Rankings 2024 , Canada boasts a stellar track record of producing research superstars.
• With over $4 billion invested in health research annually , Canada offers generous funding opportunities for qualified PhD students.
• Completing your PhD grants you valuable Canadian experience and opens doors to permanent residency , making it a strategic investment in your future career.
• With a 12% job growth rate predicted for clinical research professionals, and competitive salaries averaging over $65,000 per year , Canada offers rewarding opportunities to put your expertise to work.

Explore: Is It Worth Moving to Canada from India?

Canada stands as a beacon for pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, offering a diverse range of programs across various disciplines. Here's a comprehensive overview of PhD programs in the Great White North.

Canada is home to world-renowned institutions that offer exceptional Ph.D. programs across diverse disciplines. Here are the top 5 universities known for their excellence in research and academic prowess.

1. University of Toronto

As Canada's leading institution, the University of Toronto consistently ranks among the top global universities. With a robust commitment to research, it provides a conducive environment for pursuing a PhD across a multitude of fields.

2. University of British Columbia (UBC)

The University of British Columbia is acclaimed for its innovative research and academic excellence. Its picturesque Vancouver campus attracts scholars from around the world. UBC offers a wide range of PhD programs with a focus on interdisciplinary research.

3. McGill University

Situated in the vibrant city of Montreal, McGill University is renowned for its research-intensive programs. With a diverse and inclusive academic community, McGill provides an excellent platform for pursuing a PhD with global recognition.

4. McMaster University

McMaster is known for its strong emphasis on research and discovery. Located in Hamilton, Ontario, McMaster offers a collaborative environment for doctoral candidates, fostering innovation and critical thinking.

5. University of Montreal

The University of Montreal, a French-language institution, is a hub for cutting-edge research. With a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary studies, it offers a dynamic platform for pursuing a Ph.D. in a vibrant academic setting.

Pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Canada is a rewarding endeavor, but it requires meeting specific eligibility criteria and fulfilling admission requirements. Here's a breakdown of what aspiring PhD candidates need to consider.

• Educational Qualifications: Candidates must hold a relevant master's degree from a recognized institution. Some programs may accept exceptional candidates with an outstanding bachelor's degree.
• Research Proposal: A well-crafted research proposal outlining your intended area of study is often a crucial part of the application. This should highlight your research goals, methodology, and expected contributions to the field.
• Academic Transcripts: Submit comprehensive academic transcripts from all previous institutions attended. These transcripts should demonstrate a strong academic record, particularly in relevant courses.
• Letters of Recommendation (LOR) : Provide letters of recommendation from professors or professionals who can attest to your academic and research capabilities. These letters should emphasize your potential for successful doctoral research.
• Language Proficiency: Demonstrate proficiency in English or French, depending on the language of instruction at your chosen institution. Most universities accept scores from language proficiency tests such as IELTS or TOEFL. (TOEFL - Overall 107/20, IELTS - Overall 7.5)
• CV/Resume: Submit a detailed curriculum vitae (CV) or resume highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, publications, and any relevant work experience.
• Statement of Purpose (SOP) : Craft a compelling Statement of Purpose detailing your motivation for pursuing a Ph.D., your research interests, and how the program aligns with your career goals.
• Entrance Exams: While not universally required, some programs may mandate standardized entrance exams, such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or discipline-specific exams.
• Portfolio of Research Work: If applicable, include a portfolio showcasing your previous research work, publications, or projects. This can strengthen your application and demonstrate your research capabilities.
• Interview: Be prepared for an interview, either in-person or virtually, where you may discuss your research proposal, academic background, and motivation for pursuing a PhD.
• Proof of Financial Support: Some institutions may require proof of financial support to ensure you can cover your tuition and living expenses throughout the duration of your PhD program.

Note: It's crucial to carefully review the specific requirements of the chosen university and PhD program, as these may vary.

Understanding the comprehensive cost of studying for a PhD in Canada enables international students to plan their finances effectively. Here's a breakdown of the financial considerations.

1. Tuition Fees

Tuition fees for Ph.D. programs in Canada vary by institution and program. On average, international students can expect to pay between 8,000 CAD to 16,000 CAD per year. This cost is influenced by factors such as the university's reputation and the field of study.

2. Living Expenses

The cost of living in Canada also varies based on the city and lifestyle. As a general estimate, international students should budget around 15,000 CAD to 20,000 CAD per year for accommodation, food, transportation, and other personal expenses.

Dive into: Top Jobs in Canada for Indian Freshers in 2023

3. Health Insurance

International students are required to have health insurance coverage in Canada. The cost of health insurance varies, and international students should budget approximately 600 CAD to 1,000 CAD per year for this mandatory expense.

4. Books and Supplies

Ph.D. programs often entail additional expenses for books, research materials, and supplies. International students should allocate around 1,000 CAD to 2,000 CAD annually for these academic resources.

5. Miscellaneous Fees

Institutions may charge miscellaneous fees covering services like access to recreational facilities, student unions, and other campus resources. This can range from 500 CAD to 1,000 CAD per year.

Canada offers a plethora of prestigious scholarships for international PhD students. Here are some notable options that can pave the way for your doctoral journey

1. Ontario Trillium Scholarship (Western University)

Administered by Western University, this scholarship provides substantial financial support for international PhD students, covering tuition and living expenses.

Scholarship Amount: 40,000 CAD/year, renewable for up to 4 years.

2. University of Alberta Graduate Entrance Scholarships

A one-time award for outstanding international PhD candidates entering the University of Alberta. While not renewable, it provides a significant boost to initial finances.

Scholarship Amount: 21,000 CAD, cannot be renewed.

3. Doctoral Scholarship at the University of Montreal

Designed for doctoral candidates at the University of Montreal, this scholarship offers financial assistance for the first year, with the option for renewal for a second year.

Scholarship Amount: 7,000 CAD, renewable once.

Also, read: Best PhD Scholarships for Indian Students Abroad

4. 4-Year Doctoral Fellowship - University of British Columbia

This prestigious fellowship at the University of British Columbia supports international Ph.D. students with a substantial stipend and full coverage of tuition fees throughout the 4-year program.

Scholarship Amount: 18,200 CAD (annual stipend), covers full tuition fees for up to 4 years.

5. Graduate Entrance Scholarship - University of Windsor

Awarded to exceptional international PhD candidates entering the University of Windsor, this scholarship provides financial support for the first year, with the possibility of renewal for three additional years.

Scholarship Amount: 7,500 CAD, renewable for up to 4 years.

Note: Before applying, ensure you thoroughly review the specific eligibility criteria, application requirements, and renewal conditions for each scholarship.

Completing a Ph.D. in Canada not only signifies academic achievement but also opens doors to diverse and rewarding career opportunities. Here are some compelling job prospects for Ph.D. graduates in Canada.

Take off Your Dream Career in Canada with GetGIS

Starting a PhD journey in Canada is a transformative experience, offering academic excellence, diverse research opportunities, and a welcoming environment. Remember that thorough planning and guidance are essential for a successful academic and immigration journey. Navigating visa applications, work permits, and residency options can be complex. That's where GetGIS comes in.

GetGIS stands as a reliable partner in your quest for a seamless transition to Canada. Our dedicated team understands the nuances of the Canadian immigration landscape and is poised to guide you through every step. Don’t wait!

Book Your Free Consultation!

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PhD programs

Take a deep dive into the topic you love with a phd, at the university of ottawa, you can:.

• Join a select community of researchers and work in state-of-the-art labs – uOttawa is ranked among the top 10 research universities in Canada.
• Study in the heart of the nation’s capital, a bilingual and multicultural setting where networks of senior stakeholders take action on major issues and influence decisions.
• Receive considerable financial support.

“One of the reasons I chose the University of Ottawa is for its multidisciplinary or multi-university thesis committees available to students in their first year of doctoral studies.”

Valérie Costanzo, LL.B., LL.M., lawyer, PhD candidate

Explore ways to finance your doctoral studies

The University of Ottawa has many scholarships or financial support options available to you. As a doctoral candidate, there is also the option to earn money while gaining valuable experience through teaching and research assistantships.

“Supervising doctoral students is a privilege: it allows for the discovery of new research challenges and for the development of sustainable relationships.”

Emmanuelle Bernheim, LL.D., PhD, Full professor, Faculty of Law, Civil Law Section

Take the next step

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PhD Tuition & Fees

This page contains information on tuition and fees for the Doctor of Philosphy (PhD) degrees.

Admissions application fee

For the current Graduate Studies application fee, see McGill's Student Accounts Fees, Fines & Charges page .

PhD tuition & fees 

For the current Graduate Studies tuition fees, see McGill's McGill Fee Calculator - Graduate Tuition & Fees

*Dental and Health Insurance - students may opt out under certain conditions. For more information email: info.pgss [at] mail.mcgill.ca

Note: The University reserves the right to make changes without notice in the published scale of fees.

Residency status

Tuition fees for Canadian applicants vary for Quebec residents and out-of-province residents. To find out if you are considered a Quebec resident for the purposes of tuition fee assessment,  start here .

All Canadian students accepted to the program must prove their status as Quebec student or non-Quebec Canadian student, otherwise they will be charged at the international rate. Students who are Canadian citizens or Permanent Residents of Canada, and who wish to qualify for the Quebec tuition fees, must also provide proof of Quebec residency.

Please see McGill Enrolment Service's Legal documents pages for complete information on required documents, deadlines, and information about when to submit.

Please see the Funding & financial aid page for more information.

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Education in Canada

Why Study Education in Canada

• Studying Education in Canada is a great choice, as there are 27 universities that offer PhD degrees on our portal.
• Over 323,000 international students choose Canada for their studies, which suggests you’ll enjoy a vibrant and culturally diverse learning experience and make friends from all over the world.
• We counted 34 affordable PhD degrees in Canada , allowing you to access quality higher education without breaking the bank. Moreover, there are 505 available scholarships you can apply to.

34  Education PhDs in Canada

Theory and Criticism The Theory and Criticism program at Western University - Canada has established strengths in social &... Western University - Canada London, Ontario, Canada

Distance Education Distance Education from Athabasca University is a professional doctoral degree for distance education... Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences Athabasca, Alberta, Canada

Education The Faculty of Education at the Memorial University of Newfoundland is responsible for the... Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Educational Studies The Joint PhD in Educational Studies is offered by Brock University, Lakehead University, and the University... Lakehead University Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

Education The Faculty of Education at the University of Ottawa stands out as an enriching environment in which... University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Education Join our inclusive research community of education experts. Our Education PhD program at Queen's... Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Study in Canada

Canada is one of the most popular study destinations in the world due to its high focus on the quality of its universities and its emphasis on attracting international students who can later immigrate. Canadians are very welcoming to international students and they invest a lot into making sure students are safe, treated fairly, and enjoy their stay in the country. Study in one of the strongest economies in the world while enjoying a high living standard and a flexible study environment. Classes have smaller student groups ensuring everyone gets the attention they need, and encouraging group assignments and debates.

Is Canada the right place for you?

Take the test and find out which country is your best fit.

Explore your Education degree

By studying a degree in Education you will master how to facilitate learning for others, explore teaching methods, psychology, and educational philosophy. Specialisations in the field of Education include Early Childhood Education, Special Needs Education, Educational Leadership, Curriculum and Instruction, and Adult Education. Courses cover teaching strategies, technology, psychology, and assessment. Skills include critical thinking, empathy, and communication. Traits like patience and adaptability are vital. Careers include Teacher, Educational Consultant, School Counsellor, Instructional Coordinator, and Education Policy Analyst, with opportunities in diverse settings from classrooms to policy-making corridors.

Is Education the best for you?

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10 Cheap Universities in Canada for International Students

Updated: June 19, 2024

Published: April 28, 2019

Studying in Canada is an excellent alternative for those looking for an affordable degree as an international student. Canada offers low tuition rates for international and domestic students. Plus, you’ll be studying in an English (or French!) environment in a highly developed country. The education system in Canada is reputable and comparble to countries such as the U.K. and the U.S.

Many international students choose to study in Canada for the low tuition prices , ease and comfort of living, and great reputation of the universities. For those looking for affordable degrees, here are 10 cheap universities in Canada for international students—plus a bonus free one!

Why Study in Canada  

1. it’s affordable..

Compared to top universities in the United States , the United Kingdom, and other English-speaking countries, Canada offers degrees that are much easier on your wallet.

2. The reputation.

Canada has a reputation for one of the best education systems in the world, and its universities are no exception.

3. Ease of living.

Studying in another country can sound daunting, but making that happen in an English-speaking, first-world country makes it easier for international students to get along .

Tuition Fees in Canada for International Students 2022  

Tuition for international students studying in Canada will depend on the type of program and where you choose to study. Bachelor’s degrees will vary from $8,700 up to $54,000 per year in tuition, while yearly tuition fees for Master’s degrees will cost between $4,000 to $30,000 .  

Top Universities  

U.S. News lists the top Canadian universities as University of Toronto, University of British Columbia, McGill University, McMaster University and University of Montreal. These universities are all recognized internationally as excellent global schools and still offer much more affordable tuition rates than their international counterparts.  

University of Montreal  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition : $ 27,102 
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $17,708 – $20,553

McGill University  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $20,483 – $41,000  
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $17,708 – $28,362  

McMaster University  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $40,318 – $45,703  
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $6,307 – $17,096  

University of British Columbia  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $41,595 – $44,942
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $9,500  

University of Toronto  

• Bachelor’s Degree Tuition: $43,620- $62,580
• Graduate Degree Tuition: $6,210 – $45,310  

Cheap Bachelor Degrees in Canada  

If you’re looking for the most affordable options Canada offers, look no further.  

1. University of the People

• Location: Online
• Tuition: Tuition-Free
• Degree Programs: Associate, Bachelor, Master ( Business Administration , Education, Computer Science, and Health Science )

UoPeople is a US-accredited online university, meaning you can study anywhere and anytime! The application process is simple and the rewards of degree completion are definitely worthwhile.

2. Brandon University

• Location: Brandon, Manitoba
• Tuition: $7,203
• Degree Programs: BA, BBA, BEd, BFA, BM, BN, BSc

International students at Brandon U are invited to apply with the university’s international application process. Brandon University claims to have a long and positive relationship with international students and offers one-to-one professor interactions and research opportunities not available at larger universities.

3. Université de Saint-Boniface

• Location: Winnipeg, Manitoba
• Tuition: $10,570 – 16,850
• Degree Programs: Bachelor’s Degrees in Arts, Social Work, Translation, Science, Nursing, Business, and Education. Students may continue studies toward a Master’s degree at the University of Manitoba

International students at Saint-Boniface must expect to be able to speak a certain level of French as this is a French university. Some programs also require a level of English proficiency as well.

4. Canadian Mennonite University

• Tuition: $10,003
• Degree Programs: Three- and four-year BA, BSc, BBA, and Master’s Programs

International students at CMU are welcomed and encouraged to apply due to the undoubtedly wide variety of experiences and perspectives that they may bring. International students may choose from over 19 majors for bachelor’s studies.

5. Memorial University of Newfoundland

• Location: St. Johns, Newfoundland
• Tuition: $20,000
• Degree Programs: More than 100 programs for Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Certificates

International students at MUN: Memorial University warmly welcome and encourage international applications. The university offers specialized services for international students such as student advising, an internationalization office, and international student groups.

Cheap Master Degrees in Canada  

1. memorial university of newfoundland.

• Tuition: $6,390
• Degree Programs: Large variety of Master’s and Doctorate programs both in person and online, in fields of Humanities & Social Sciences, Professional Programs, Interdisciplinary Programs, and Sciences

2. University of Northern British Columbia

• Location: Prince George, British Columbia
• Tuition: $7,494
• Degree Programs: MBA, MSc, MEd, MEng, MScN, MSW, Graduate Certificates, and Doctorate programs

3. University of Calgary

• Location: Calgary, Alberta
• Tuition: $4,319
• Degree Programs: Offers course-based and research-based Master’s and Doctorate degrees in a variety of subjects

4. Simon Fraser University

• Location: Burnaby, British Columbia
• Tuition: $6,075
• Degree Programs: Variety of graduate programs in Applied Sciences, Arts & Social Sciences, Business, Communication, Art & Technology, Education, Environment, Health Sciences, and Science

5. University of Saskatchewan

• Location: Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
• Tuition: $3,000 – $5,000
• Degree Programs: Over 80 Master’s and Doctorate degrees. Specializing in research and medical fields

Tuition-Free Universities in Canada for International Students  

University of the People is accredited by an American accrediting institution and is suitable for all international students including Canadian students. This fully online university offers a variety of tuition-free programs ranging from Associate, Bachelor’s, and Master’s degrees in Business, Computer Science , Education , and Health Science.  

Canadian universities may have low tuition fees, but you can’t beat the tuition-free rates offered by UoPeople. While the flexibility of an online degree offers the chance to study anytime and anywhere you want.  

What is the Cost of Living in Canada for Students?  

As with most large countries, the cost of living varies drastically across the expansive nation of Canada. According to the Canadian Rental Housing Index , many large metropolis areas are unaffordable, however, there are still some areas left in which one can live on a student budget.  

Here’s a breakdown of the average costs a student can expect to find in Canada (in $CAD):  

• Basic lunch & drink: $23  
• Monthly rent in 45 sq m furnished studio: $1,729  
• Monthly utilities: $166  
• Monthly internet: $56  
• Monthly public transport: $109  
• Monthly gym membership: $64  
• Pair of jeans: $77  
• Private doctor visit: $115  
• Toothpaste: $3.47  
• Cappuccino: $5.13  

Note: The Canadian government requires that an applicant show proof of having $10,000 CAD on top of tuition for a student visa, however, you will likely need more.  

How can International Students find Funding and Support?  

While studying in Canada may save you on tuition fees, you may still want to consider applying for funding and scholarships. There are plenty of scholarships and grants available to international students, and even scholarships exclusively for students from specific countries. Check out these top tips to apply for scholarships for international students .  

How do I Apply to Canadian Universities?  

As an international student, your application to a Canadian university will have special requirements. In addition to the typical student application including letters of recommendation, resume and educational history, you may also be asked to provide the following:  

• Proof of finances  
• English proficiency  
• International application  
• Passport information  
• A translated copy of your transcript  

Remember that you will also need a student visa to study for longer than six months in Canada. The application can be done online and costs $150 CAD. The government of Canada will ask for proof of finances, proof of health and general well-being, proof of no criminal record, and your university acceptance letter. It is recommended that you begin your student visa application as soon as you receive acceptance into the Canadian university.  

All in all, studying in Canada as an international student will gain you a reputable internationally recognized degree and you may save money as well! If you are still not convinced and looking to study in the states, check out these 7 affordable U.S. universities for international students .    

Can international students work while studying at these universities?

Yes, international students in Canada can work while studying. They can work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic sessions and full-time during scheduled breaks, such as summer holidays.

What is the student community like for international students in Canada?

The student community in Canada is diverse and welcoming. Canadian universities often have various support services, including international student offices, student associations, and cultural clubs, to help international students integrate and feel at home.

Can international students transfer credits from other universities to Canadian universities?

Yes, international students can transfer credits from other universities to Canadian institutions. The process typically involves submitting transcripts and course descriptions for evaluation to determine credit equivalency.

Are there any cultural integration programs available for international students in Canada?

Many Canadian universities offer cultural integration programs for international students, such as orientation sessions, buddy programs, cultural events, and language exchange programs to help students adjust to their new environment.

What housing options are available for international students in Canada?

International students in Canada have various housing options, including on-campus residences, off-campus apartments, homestays with local families, and shared accommodations. Each university typically provides resources and assistance to help students find suitable housing.

Are there English language proficiency requirements for international students in Canada?

Yes, most Canadian universities require international students to demonstrate English language proficiency. Commonly accepted tests include IELTS, TOEFL, and CAEL. Specific score requirements vary by institution and program.

Are there any specific visa requirements for international students in Canada?

International students need a study permit to study in Canada for more than six months. The application process requires proof of acceptance from a Canadian institution, proof of financial support, and other documents like a valid passport and health insurance.

Can international students bring their families while studying in Canada?

Yes, international students can bring their families to Canada. Spouses or common-law partners may apply for an open work permit, and dependent children can attend school. Family members are required to have proper documentation and visa applications.

What is the process for international students to obtain health insurance in Canada?

Health insurance for international students in Canada varies by province. Some provinces provide health coverage, while others require students to purchase private health insurance. For detailed information, it is essential to check with the specific university and provincial health services.

In this article

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Top 10 PhD Programs in Canada for International Students 2022

Mar 4, 2024 | 8 min read

Know more about PhD programs in Canada with details such as duration, admission requirements, fees & PhD scholarship in Canada for international students.

Canada is home to several globally renowned research universities providing PhD programs in Canada for international students. Canada is the most preferred Study Abroad in Canada  for international students, mainly because of its affordability and also due to its multicultural student community and cosmopolitan environment.

PhD programs in Canada offer high-quality research facilities and opportunities to doctoral students. A PhD in Canada is offered in over 500 different graduate and postgraduate academic disciplines such as business, engineering, mathematics, management, etc. The duration of a PhD in Canada is about 4-6 years. The average tuition fees for a PhD in Canada ranges from $10,000- $20,500 per academic year.

International students are required to have high academic scores in addition to high scores in admission tests such as GMAT and GRE for PhD admission in Canada. International students with a PhD in Canada can avail of post-study work visa schemes. All details related to a PhD in Canada, such as top universities in Canada for PhD, admission requirements, fees, and scholarships in Canada for international students are  discussed.

Table of Contents

List of Top 10 PhD Programs in Canada for International Students

Top universities in canada for phd, why pursue a phd in canada, phd in canada course structure, admission requirements to study phd in canada, application process for phd in canada, phd in canada cost for international students, best phd scholarship in canada for international students, scope of pursuing phd in canada.

In the following table, international students can find the best PhD programs in Canada 2022:

PhD in Philosophy	McMaster University	4	7th September 2022
PhD Program in Management	McGill University	3-5	31st July 2022
PhD in Information	University of Toronto	4-6	1st September 2022
Doctor of Philosophy in Theological Studies	Wycliffe College	4-6	1st September 2022
Doctor of Philosophy in Biomolecular Science	University of Lethbridge	4	1st September 2022
Doctor of Social Sciences	Royal Roads University	4	11th January 2022
PhD in Conflict Studies	Saint Paul University	6	1st January 2022
PhD in Communication, New Media and Cultural Studies	McMaster University	4	7th September 2022
PhD in Theology	Saint Paul University	6	1st January 2022
PhD in Administration	University of Montreal	4	1st August 2022

Canada has nearly 100 research institutions offering doctoral degrees to both domestic and international students. These PhD programs in Canada are offered through dedicated graduate schools and colleges under the respective Canadian universities. Both public and private Canadian universities offer PhD programs in Canada to international students. Online PhD Canada are offered by some universities such as Royal Roads University and Athabasca University . Given below are some of the top universities in Canada for PhD along with their QS World Rankings 2022:

	26
	46
	27
	140
	111
	126
	230
	235
	149
	170

International students in Canada pursuing PhD programs in Canada gain the opportunity to work with leading researchers and avail of top-quality research facilities and opportunities. International students are also eligible for a Canadian work visa post-study in Canada. Online PhD programs in Canada are offered by some of the Canadian universities such as the Royal Roads University and Athabasca University. Online PhD in Canada is offered under various disciplines such as business administration, social sciences, etc. Listed below are some of the reasons for international students to pursue a PhD in Canada:

• PhD programs in Canada are offered in over 500 different graduate and postgraduate academic disciplines such as management, mathematics, business, engineering and technology, etc.
• Canada is home to nearly 100 renowned research universities offering high-quality education and research opportunities to students. Six of the Canadian universities are ranked in the top 150 universities in the world by several ranking agencies.
• Certain PhD programs in Canada do not require a master’s programs in Canada in the respective field. The student pursuing the master’s degree program is provided with the option to switch to the PhD program after the first year.
• Students pursuing PhD in Canada are expected to start working on their thesis and research soon after starting their PhD program. Students have the opportunity to work with top researchers in the respective fields.
• Canada offers affordable education as well as the standard of living to international students.
• International students with a PhD degree in Canada are eligible to apply for a post-study work visa in Canada that could lead to a permanent residence or citizenship in Canada. International students can live and work in Canada for up to 3 years after completion of their doctoral studies.

PhD programs typically require students to pursue a full-time course for a minimum of three years, but it is often found that students require much more time to do their research and complete their degrees. Usually a PhD program in Canada gets completed within a maximum duration of of six years.

The PhD is generally completed under the supervision of one or more academic supervisors in Canada. Students need to submit a substantial doctoral thesis at the end of the course. The thesis is then reviewed and evaluated by a set of examiners.

Additionally, you may be required to prepare a presentation to explain your research to the committee during your PhD oral defense. Your overall performance and the quality of your thesis play a major role in obtaining a PhD degree in Canada.

The admission requirements for international students to study PhD in Canada varies based on the program and the Canadian university. The basic requirement is for the student to have a master’s degree in the respective field of study. A PhD program in Canada takes up to 4-6 years to complete. Some of the PhD requirements in Canada for international students to study PhD in Canada are listed below:

• International students should have high academic grades in the master’s degree in their respective fields. Students should also have excellent research capabilities and potential.
• International students are required to submit the proof of English proficiency with test scores such as TOEFL, IELTS, etc. Students pursuing courses in French are required to prove French language proficiency.
• Applicants should have good GMAT/ GRE scores for admission to any doctoral program in Canada.
• Specific PhD programs in Canada do not require a masters degree from students. Students enrolled in master’s degree programs have an option to switch to a PhD program after the first year.
• A PhD student in Canada is expected to start working on their thesis and research work as soon as the start of the PhD program.

In Canada, the process for applying for a PhD may differ from one university to another. However, the common admission requirements of PhD offering universities in Canada remain the same. Let us look at the step-by-step process of obtaining PhD admission in Canada:

Select the Type of PhD Program you want to Pursue

Submit research outline, apply online and upload necessary documents, attend your interview, obtain your study permit.

You have the option to choose structured or open PhD programs in Canada. In a Structured PhD, the research outline is determined by the university. In an Open PhD, you must propose and outline your own research project.

Both courses require students to identify a supervisor who will guide them throughout the process. In addition to your application, some universities will require a letter of support from your supervisor.

If you have decided to pursue an open PhD in Canada, you must submit a research proposal outlining your project and its significance in the present. The research proposal must comply with the research guidelines set by your chosen university.

Fill out the online application form of the university of your choice, pay the application fees, and attach the important documents. PhD applicants are required to submit the following documents:

• Academic transcripts
• Proof of English language proficiency (IELTS/TOEFL)
• Two to three Letters of recommendation
• Portfolios (for creative fields)

You may be required to sit for an online/virtual interview by some Canadian universities before being admitted. So make sure you do not miss out on the interview date and prepare well in order to secure a seat at the university.

Following acceptance by the university, you need to apply for a Canadian study permit. You need the following documents to obtain your study permit:

• Health insurance
• Medical certificate
• Proof of sufficient funds
• Acceptance letter from a DLI
• Language proficiency scores (IELTS/TOEFL)
• The intent of returning to the home country

The PhD in Canada cost varies based on the different courses and also the university that is offering the doctoral degree. Generally, the PhD in Canada cost for international students is double the cost for Canadian students. The average fees of a PhD program in Canada for international students range between $8,000 - $25,000 per year. In addition to the tuition fees, international students are required to bear the living costs in Canada for the duration of their PhD program. Tuition fees of different universities offering PHD in Canada are shown in the table below:

University of Toronto	4.9 lakhs
University of British Columbia	4.8 lakhs
McGill University	10.6 lakhs
McMaster University	8.9 lakhs
University of Montreal	4.1 lakhs
University of Alberta	5.1 lakhs
University of Ottawa	3.8 lakhs
University of Calgary	7 lakhs
University of Waterloo	7.4 lakhs
Western University	6.2 lakhs

There are several PhD programs in Canada with scholarships for international students. The PhD scholarship in Canada for international students is awarded based on academic merit and covers the charges for tuition fees, cost of research, and sometimes living expenses as well. A fully funded PhD in Canada will cover most of the costs associated with living, travel, accommodation, insurance, and flight charges. The average tuition fee for international students for PhD studies in Canada is $8,000 - $20,000 per academic year. A range of scholarships, fellowships, grants, and awards are available for international students provided by the respective universities in Canada for PhD. Both government-sponsored and independent scholarships are available to international students based on their country of origin. Listed below are some of the PhD scholarship in Canada for international students:

• The Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships
• The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarships
• The University of British Columbia Four Year Doctoral Fellowship
• Tomlinson Doctoral Fellowships
• University of Waterloo Graduate Scholarship
• The Graduate Global Leadership Fellowship
• Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship
• Ontario Trillium Scholarship
• University of Calgary Graduate Scholarship
• The University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship (UMGF)

A doctorate opens up a world of possibilities for a student. Upon completion of your PhD in Canada, you have an array of career options available to you, from teaching to research work with industry giants. You will receive a salary based on the specialization you chose. Even so, we can still take a look at the salaries offered to PhD students at some of Canada's top universities:

University of British Columbia	150,000
McGill University	150,000
University of Toronto	130,000
University of Waterloo	247,000
Carleton University	95,000

Please note that the salaries shown above are the upper range of salaries offered to students. Some of the top research profiles and salary packages offered to PhD graduate in Canada are tabulated below:

Research Scientist	69,000
Postdoctoral Research Associate	53,000
Research Engineer	63,000
Principal Scientist	99,000
R&D Director	135,000
Physicist	79,000
Medical Science Liaison	98,000

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PhD in Canada: Requirements, Fees, & How to Apply?

Pursuing a PhD in Canada may be the perfect path if you're looking to take your education to the highest level. With world-class universities, brilliant experts, and affordable tuition, Canada has become a top destination for PhD students. In fact, PhD graduation rates have skyrocketed, with over 7,000 students earning their doctorate degrees each year since 2002.

But getting started on the road to a Canadian PhD can be tricky for international students. From aligning your research interests with the right program to navigating the admission process, it pays to have an insider guide. This step-by-step guide breaks down everything you need to know as an Indian student looking to earn your doctoral degree in Canada.

We’ll walk through how to choose the university and program that best fits your academic goals. Learn about available funding and scholarships to make a Canadian Ph.D. affordable. Get tips on acing your application, from tailoring your personal statement to shining in interviews. And see what life is really like as a PhD student in Canada’s vibrant, diverse university cities.

If you’re ready to take the next step in your academic journey, let this guide set you up for PhD success in Canada. Be sure to also check out Yocket Premium for more personalized assistance in getting admitted to your dream Canadian university!

Why Study PhD in Canada?

Before we can proceed further toward learning the Ph.D. requirements in Canada , let’s first understand why international students should choose to study Ph.D. in Canada .

• Ideal for Research-Based Studies: Canada has been ranked the number 4 in the world for scientific research studies. Since PhD studies in Canada are more research-oriented, the country proves to be the ideal destination to pursue this type of study.
• Offers In-Demand Ph.D. Programs: Universities in Canada for Ph.D . offers a range of in-demand Ph.D. programs. The most demanded programs from the list are Business Studies, Engineering, Computer Science, Education, and Health.
• Provides Modern Technologies & Facilities: Canada has always been ahead when it came to enhancing its academic standards. The country uses modern technology to cater to the current needs of international students. Apart from this, all PhD-related research facilities retain the modern touch.
• Home to QS Ranked Universities 2024: There are close to 10+ universities that offer PhD courses in Canada. These universities are ranked under the QS World Rankings 2024. Apart from this, these universities also stand high on the list of Nobel Prize Winners worldwide. The University of Toronto is one example.

Suggested: Universities in Canada for PhD

PhD in Canada: Course Overview

Canada has been honored with 28 Nobel Prize awards . There is a strong reason why PhD courses in Canada are considered highly. Thus before we can move ahead, let’s give you a quick overview of the PhD studies in Canada.

	Ph.D.
	4 - 6 years
	98
	Fall, Winter, Spring/Summer
	CAD 8,081 (INR 4,97,770) - CAD 16,122 (INR 9,93,080)/year
	CAD 86,000 (INR 52,97,430)/ year
	Government Fellowships Independent Research Scholarships Graduate Assistantships
	7,059

Are you on your journey to study Ph.D. in Canada? Navigating through countless universities can be overwhelming, but fear not! Yocket's University Finder Tool is your compass to discovering the perfect academic destination tailored to your preferences. Say goodbye to information overload and hello to a personalized university search experience.

Admission Requirements to Study PhD in Canada

There are multiple PhD in Canada for Indian student requirements. Once these are checked, your application process will be conducted smoothly. This is the standard eligibility criteria for all PhD educational institutes in Canada:

• A Masters Degree
• Official Transcripts
• Research Statement
• Writing Sample
• Letters of Recommendation
• English Language Proficiency Test Scores

1. Masters Degree

International students need to submit a Master's Degree when applying for a Ph.D. program in this country. Most educational institutes expect a score of 80% .

2. Official Transcripts

Apart from the Master's degree certificates, international students need to submit all official transcripts of their previous educational qualifications such as a bachelor's degree, etc.

3. GPA scores

Submission of GPA scores is based on the universities you opt for. At the University of Toronto, they accept a GPA score of A-.

4. CV/Resume

Most universities encourage the submission of a CV /Resume. This is helpful for students who are academically weak or are unable to pass the university cut-offs.

5. Research Statement

Submission of a research statement helps experts understand your interest choice in a new or existing project. The research statement is 1500 words long and in essay form. Students can also include their choice of supervisor to work with during the PhD study period.

6. Writing Sample

A writing sample will help experts determine your skills related to how well you can submit a thesis, research paper, or article. The word limit is between 5000-10,000 based on your university choice.

7. Letters of Recommendation

As per the university choice, students need to submit 2-3 letters of recommendation from their previous educational tutors.

8. English Language Proficiency Test Scores

If your first language isn’t English, international students need to write and pass an English proficiency test. Here is the score list:

• TOEFL - Overall 107/20
• IELTS - Overall 7.5

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How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Here is a quick overview of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada.

• Step-1: Choose the project type, new or existing
• Step-2: Find the ideal supervisor for your project
• Step-3: Research for funding opportunities for your PhD studies
• Step-4: Visit the university's official website to submit all related documents before the deadlines
• Step-5: Attend Ph.D. interview if scheduled
• Step-6: Apply for a study permit and PhD visa (electronic travel authorization).

Suggested : How to Apply for PhD in Canada?

Now that you’re aware of how to apply for a Ph.D. in Canada, let’s understand the Ph.D. in Canada in detail.

Cost of Studying PhD in Canada for Indian Students

PhD programs in Canada have a study duration of 4-6 years depending on the course program and university choice. The cost of studying PhD programs in Canada is divided into two categories:

Average Tuition Fees

Most PhD universities in Canada ask international students to conduct PhD fee payments either on an annual basis or per term. The average annual payment for PhD programs is CAD 4000 (INR 2,46,390) - CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780)/year. On a per-term basis, the PhD fees in Canada ranges between CAD 2000 (INR 1,23,190) -  CAD 8000 (INR 4,92,780) .

Cost of Living

The average cost of living in Canada for international students ranges between CAD 15,000 (INR 9,23,970) - CAD 20,000 (INR 12,31,960)/year based on lifestyle preferences and standard of living. 

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List of Top Universities and Colleges that offer PhD Programs in Canada

Canada is home to prestigious universities that offers versatile and highly standard PhD programs for international students. In fact, there is a total of 98 PhD universities in Canada. We have covered the top ones below:

Top PhD Scholarships in Canada for International Students

While Canada has an affordable fees structure, for international students, the PhD fees in Canada move to a higher range. Luckily for the tight-budgeted students looking to pursue PhD programs, the PhD scholarships in Canada are available.

Ontario Trillium Scholarship (Western University)	, renewed for up to 4 years
University of Alberta Graduate Entrance Scholarships	, cannot be renewed
Doctoral Scholarship at the University of Montreal	, renewable once
4-year Doctoral Fellowship- University of British Columbia	( annual stipend) also covers full tuition fees for up to 4 years
Graduate Entrance Scholarship- University of Windsor	up to 4 years

As you’ve witnessed Ph.D. fees in Canada for international students are covered by the PhD scholarships in Canada provided. So, what does the real world look like for PhD graduates?

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Job Opportunities after Pursuing PhD in Canada

PhD graduates have ample amount of opportunities once they’ve completed their study periods. Here are the top job profiles to consider:

Postdoctoral Research Associate	CAD 48,046 (INR 29,59,540)
Research Director	CAD 77,435 (INR 47,69,840)
Research Analyst	CAD 62,617 (INR 38,57,080)
Principal Scientist	CAD 98,881 (INR 60,90,880)
Research Engineer	CAD 63,699 (INR 39,23,730)

PR In Canada After PhD

PhD students are now eligible to apply for PR (Permanent residency) in Canada. The criteria are as follows:

• Applied for PR via a federal skilled work visa
• Completed at least 2 years of study in the Ph.D. program
• Holds a good academic recognition

Ph.D. graduates as well can apply for PR given that they have applied within one year of their graduation.

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Canada has always been a magnet for international students looking to pursue higher education in the country. Graduating after pursuing Ph.D. programs in Canada gives students higher leverage on their career choices and subject knowledge. Now that you have all the PhD requirements in Canada, it’s time to connect with Yocket Counsellors and apply for a PhD in Canada.

From the Desk of Yocket

In conclusion, pursuing a PhD in Canada offers a promising academic journey for international students, particularly from India. The country's robust education system, coupled with top-notch universities and affordable fees, has made it a prime choice. As the number of Ph.D. graduates continues to rise, this guide aims to simplify the complex process, providing a valuable resource for those navigating the intricacies of securing a doctoral position in Canada. Best of luck with your academic pursuit in the Great White North!

Need help with pursuing a PhD in Canada? Navigate the complexities with Yocket Premium ! Our comprehensive guidance covers the best universities, eligibility, requirements, fees, scholarships, and scope for your doctoral journey. Explore Yocket Premium for a seamless experience in planning and achieving your academic aspirations in Canada.

Frequently Asked Questions about Studying PhD in Canada

Is PhD in Canada worth it?

Yes, Pursuing a PhD in Canada is worth all the time, effort, and money as the country is home to bright PhD minds, well-ranked PhD educational institutes, and offers a range of PhD programs in Canada.

Is PhD in Canada for Indian students difficult?

The difficulty level depends on the students pursuing a PhD program. If an international student has sufficient money to survive their PhD program or opts for a funding opportunity, their study period will continue smoothly. PhD programs in Canada are research-oriented and will confidently create a better career path for PhD graduates. 

Is PhD in Canada cost cheaper?

Yes, when compared to other countries such as the USA, Canada is relatively cheaper for PhD studies. Apart from this the country also offers multiple funding opportunities to support tightly budgeted students. To name a few are scholarships, assistantships, and fellowships.

Can PhD students work in Canada?

Yes, PhD students are allowed to work part-time for up to 20 hours a week. Once they graduate, they are eligible to live and work for up to 3 years in the country.

Can PhD in Canada for international students apply for PR?

Yes, PhD students are eligible to apply for PR in Canada. The country allows students who complete 2 years in a PhD program to apply for PR as well as graduate students who apply within a year of graduation.

Rohan Deshmukh

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10 cheap universities in Canada for international students

If you are looking for a quality, affordable education, Canada is the place to be. There are many excellent universities in Canada that offer low tuition fees for international students.

In this article, we will discuss 10 of the best cheap universities in Canada . So whether you are interested in studying business, engineering, or medicine, there is a university in Canada that fits your needs!

• Top 10 Cheap Universities in Canada

Here is a list of the top 10 cheapest universities in Canada for international Students:

• Simon Fraser University
• University of Guelph
• Concordia University
• University of Calgary
• University of Saskatchewan
• Brandon University
• University of Northern British Columbia
• Canadian Mennonite University
• University of Regina
• Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN)

Table of Contents

1. simon fraser university, 2. university of guelph, 3. concordia university, 4. university of calgary, 5. university of saskatchewan, 6. brandon university, 7. university of northern british columbia, 8. canadian mennonite university, 9. university of regina, 10. memorial university of newfoundland (mun), cheapest colleges in toronto for international students, cheapest universities in montreal international students, cheapest universities in vancouver international students, cheapest universities in ottawa international students, cheapest universities in british columbia international students, cheapest universities in quebec international students, cheapest universities in ontario international students, which university has lowest fee in canada, is canada a cheap place to study, is canada cheaper to study than us.

In addition to its main campus, SFU has two satellite campuses in Vancouver and Surrey that offer a wide range of academic programs. With these three campuses combined, SFU is one of the top universities in Canada and abroad for providing an exceptional educational experience.

Simon Fraser University (SFU) is one of the cheapest universities in Canada, offering an excellent quality of education at a relatively low cost. Tuition fees vary by program and campus but generally range from approximately $13,000 annually for international students.

SFU also offers a variety of scholarships and financial aid programs to help offset the cost of tuition, enabling more students to access quality education. All in all, SFU has made higher education more accessible than ever before. With its competitive tuition fees and commitment to student success, it is an ideal choice for anyone looking to further their education. Also Read: 10 of the cheapest countries to study abroad

The University of Guelph is a comprehensive public research university located in the city of Guelph, Ontario. Founded in 1964, it is one of Canada’s oldest universities, with a total enrollment of over 27,000 students and an annual budget of over $500 million.

With seven academic divisions and numerous research centers, the university offers more than 90 undergraduate degrees, 48 master's programs, and 23 doctoral programs. 

The university is also home to the MacKinnon Building, which houses the largest library in Canada, with more than two million volumes.

The University of Guelph is one of the cheapest universities in Canada, offering a wide range of courses to students from all backgrounds. However, tuition fees vary depending on the program chosen and the number of credit hours enrolled.

For example, an undergraduate arts or science program may cost $7,236 per year for full-time students and $1,924 per course for part-time students. 

Graduate programs typically range from $4,800 to $10,000 in tuition fees. The University also offers a variety of scholarships and awards to help offset tuition costs.

Also Read: How much does it cost to study in Canada?

Concordia University is a public university that was founded in 1974 through the merger of Loyola College and Sir George Williams University. It is located in Montreal, Quebec, and has two campuses that cover more than 39 acres and home to over 45,000 students from 150 countries.

It is a comprehensive university that offers undergraduate and graduates degrees in arts & science, fine arts, engineering & computer science, business, journalism and communication, and more.

Tuition fees at Concordia are some of the cheapest in Canada, with bachelor’s degrees starting at around $6,000 per year. In addition, financial aid and scholarships are available to help make tuition more affordable.

Concordia University provides a range of student services to ensure students receive the support they need during their studies. The student services team can assist with academic and personal issues, career counselling, health care, and more. This allows Concordia students to focus on their studies without worrying about other aspects of life.

Also read: Living Cost for International Students in Canada

The University of Calgary is located in the heart of Alberta's largest city and is home to over 30,000 students. The university campus covers a sprawling 200 hectares and is considered one of the most beautiful campuses in Canada, with spectacular views of the Rocky Mountains.

The University has its own foundation to support students, faculty, and staff through scholarships, grants, and awards. It also funds research initiatives at the university, helping foster new knowledge development and innovative solutions.

The University of Calgary is one of the cheapest universities in Canada, with competitive tuition fees for both domestic and international students. With tuition fees below the national average, it provides great value for students pursuing their degrees and educational goals. 

It offers flexible payment plans that allow students to spread out tuition payments over the course of the semester, making it easier for them to manage their finances.

For international students, the university has a variety of visas and work permits available that can make it easier to study at the University of Calgary. Moreover, the university provides a wide variety of support services to help students succeed in their studies and find employment after graduation.

Also Read: Is it Safe to Study in Canada?

The University of Saskatchewan is located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and has a campus of over 500 hectares. The university also has a foundation that supports its various programs and scholarships. 

There are currently over 22,000 students enrolled in different undergraduate and graduate degrees, including arts, engineering, science, health sciences, business administration, education, pharmacy, and many more.

In addition to its academic programs, the University also offers many other services like student housing, counseling, and career development.

The tuition fees of the University of Saskatchewan for international students vary depending on the program and degree level. For undergraduate studies, the tuition fee ranges from $19,200 to $33,500 per year, while the graduate tuition fee may range from $3,400 to $10,000 per year.

International students may also have to pay for living expenses, such as housing and food. However, the University of Saskatchewan offers several financial aid options to help international students cover their tuition fees and other costs associated with studying at the University. 

Scholarships, bursaries, and grants are available to eligible applicants who demonstrate academic excellence or financial need.

Work opportunities are also available on or off campus, which can help international students earn money while they study.

Also Read: Canada Education System for International Students

Brandon University, located in Manitoba, offers a wide range of degrees and programs across its three faculties: arts, science, and education. The university boasts several unique research initiatives that have put it on the map, including the Centre for Aboriginal and Rural Education Studies, which focuses on indigenous issues.

The university also has a variety of student services and support programs, such as the Student Success Centre, which provides academic advising, career counselling, financial aid advice, and much more. Additionally, Brandon University is home to a vibrant campus life with student clubs and organisations that organize events throughout the year.

Brandon University prides itself on providing affordable education to its students, with tuition fees that are substantially lower than those of other Canadian universities. The average cost of tuition at Brandon University is around $2,700 per year for undergraduate programs and around $3,400 per year for graduate programs. 

In addition to these low tuition rates, Brandon University also offers financial aid and scholarships to students in need, allowing them to make their education more accessible.

Also read: Is schooling harder in the US than Canada?

The University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) is a public university located in Prince George, British Columbia. It offers more than 50 programs across three faculties – arts, science, and professional studies – ranging from undergraduate to graduate level.

It has an enrollment of over 3,000 students, a student-to-faculty ratio of 16:1, and a vibrant student life – with over 60 clubs and organisations on campus. In addition, it provides excellent support services such as mental health counselling, career guidance, academic advising, and many others, which help students reach their full potential.

The University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC) is known as the cheapest university in Canada, with tuition fees at UNBC being lower than most other universities in the country due to its unique fee structure. 

Tuition fees are determined by the program of study and the student's residency status ranging from $2,000 to $9,500 per year. International students are charged higher tuition fees than domestic students, with the exact amount depending on their program of choice.

Canadian Mennonite University (CMU), founded in 1999 by the Mennonite Church of Canada, is located in Winnipeg, Manitoba. It offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs in areas such as arts, sciences, business, education, and music.

In addition to its academic programs, CMU offers a variety of extracurricular activities, including sports and student organisations. Students can also get involved in the Mennonite community by attending weekly worship services or volunteering with local charities.

Canadian Mennonite University (CMU) is an ideal choice for those who want to pursue their academic dreams without breaking the bank with an undergraduate tuition fee of just $12,327 per year. 

In addition, CMU has established a work-study program to help students find jobs related to their field of study, allowing them to gain valuable experience while helping cover some of their tuition costs.

The University of Regina , established in 1911, is located in Regina, Saskatchewan. The university campus comprises 10 faculties, 25 research centers, and over 100 clubs where students can get involved to experience vibrant campus life. 

The university is home to an extensive library system that includes several specialised libraries, such as the Health Sciences Library and the Drinkle Library. Additionally, the on-campus Student Centre and Wellness Centre help students stay healthy and get involved in campus life.

The University of Regina is renowned for being one of the cheapest universities in Canada, boasting tuition fees far below the national average. The tuition fee per semester for international students range from $2,000-$7,800 per semester. 

The University of Regina also offers flexible payment plans to spread the tuition cost over a longer period. The University of Regina is committed to making education accessible through its Tuition Reduction Program, which provides tuition fee waivers for eligible students.

The Memorial University of Newfoundland, located in St. John's, was founded in 1925. It offers various undergraduate and graduate programs, including humanities, sciences, engineering, and medicine, and has several research institutes focusing on ocean sciences, aquaculture, and cold-ocean environments.

Memorial University has several satellite campuses in other parts of the province in addition to its main campus in St. John's. The university is also home to Research and Innovation Park, which connects industry partners with academic research expertise.

The Memorial University of Newfoundland has a very affordable tuition fee but the actual tuition fee amounts vary depending on the program and credits taken; for example, the average undergraduate tuition fee for a full-time program is $5,400 per year, significantly less than many other universities in Canada.

MUN also offers a variety of financial assistance and scholarships to help students cover the cost of their tuition, like scholarships, bursaries, grants, and loans to both domestic and international students. Additionally, MUN offers a tuition rebate program that can help further reduce the cost of tuition for qualifying students.

MUN offers a range of academic support services and resources to help students succeed in their studies. This includes a writing center that provides:

• Free one-on-one consultations.
• An academic success center offering tutoring sessions.
• A library with access to over 6 million books.

With all these features combined, MUN is the perfect choice for those looking for a quality university education at an affordable price.

Province-Wise Cheap Universities in Canada

Below is a list of cheap universities in Canada sorted location-wise:

• British Columbia
• Ryerson University
• York University
• University of Toronto
• Ontario College of Art & Design University (OCAD University)
• Centennial College
• Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)
• Université de Montréal
• HEC Montréal
• Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU)
• Capilano University
• Langara College
• Emily Carr University of Art + Design
• Simon Fraser University (SFU)
• University of British Columbia (UBC)
• University of Ottawa
• Carleton University
• Algonquin College
• Saint Paul University
• Thompson Rivers University (TRU)
• University of the Fraser Valley (UFV)
• Vancouver Island University (VIU)
• Université Laval
• Université de Sherbrooke
• Algoma University
• Lakehead University
• University of Windsor
• Laurentian University
• Trent University

Frequently Asked Questions:

Universities with lowest fee in Canada:

• University of Manitoba
• University of Sasketchawan
• Memorial University of Newfoundland
• Bow Valley College
• Humber College

Canada offers affordable education, with tuition fees ranging from CAD 12,000 to CAD 30,000 per year, making it a an economical option, without compromising on the quality of education.

On average, the cost of living in Canada is 13% cheaper than living in the US. Even in some of the largest Canadian cities, cost of living is cheaper than their US counterparts. Canadian tuition is also cheaper in general than US tuition.

Experience the best of education and adventure. Study in Canada and explore breathtaking landscapes, vibrant cities, and a thriving student life. Apply now!

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Disclaimer: The views and opinions shared in this site solely belong to the individual authors and do not necessarily represent t ...Read More

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• Study in Canada /

Fully Funded PhD Programs in Canada

• Updated on  
• Apr 24, 2023

Canada has emerged as a popular study destination for Indian students who want to pursue higher studies abroad. It is known for its quality education and employability, which is no wonder why more than 1 lakh Indian students choose to go to Canada for higher education every year. A PhD Degree in Canada is more affordable in comparison to that in popular study destinations like the UK or the US . More than 90 universities in Canada offer PhD Programs to international students, and it takes around 3-6 years to complete. It becomes a lot easier for Indian students to manage their expenses if they receive any kind of scholarship . But most of the scholarships are partially funded, so students tend to look for fully-funded programs. If you are also looking for a fully-funded PhD Program in Canada, then you are at the right place. Read the blog to know about the fully-funded PhD Programs offered in Canada.

This Blog Includes:

Why study phd in canada, are you eligible, banting postdoctoral fellowships, nserc postgraduate scholarships, anne vallee ecological fund, trudeau scholarships and fellowships, mcgill university scholarships and student aid, career opportunities after pursuing a phd in canada.

• Top-Class Universities : Many universities in Canada have been ranked among the top universities in the world . Canadian Universities are well known for excellent academic and research facilities.
• Work Opportunities: PhD students are already paid a stipend every year as they contribute to their respective field of study throughout their PhD course. However, not many students know that PhD Students in Canada can do a part-time job for 10 hours a week and stay for up to 3 years through Post Graduation Work Permit after completing their studies.
• Affordable: The tuition fee of pursuing a PhD in Canada ranges from CAD 6,000 to 30,000 (INR 3-17Lakhs). Compared to other countries such as the UK or the US, it is a lot more affordable.
• Financial Aid: There is a wide range of financial aid, i.e. scholarships and grants for international students who want to pursue a doctoral program in Canada. 

Have you heard about the popular Leverage Edu scholarship worth INR 5,00,000! CHECK OUT HERE

Also Read: MBA Courses in Canada

To pursue a doctoral degree, you must first be able to fulfil the eligibility criteria set by the Universities offering the same. Eligibility requirements may vary for different courses, given below is the general eligibility criteria you must meet to pursue a PhD in Canada:

• A postgraduate degree in a related field with good grades.
• English Language Proficiency proof through English Language Tests such as IELTS and TOEFL .
• Good scores in GMAT or GRE , if required.

Join Leverage Live to score high in English Language Tests such as IELTS and TOEFL .

Fully-Funded PhD Programs 

The Canadian Government provides international students with a lot of scholarships for every degree. Mentioned below are the fully-funded PhD Programs offered by the Canadian Government:

Also Read: Scholarships in Canada for Indian and International Students

These fully-funded PhD Programs are offered to international students and home students every year. These are offered to students who are pursuing the following:

• Health research
• Natural sciences
• Engineering
• Social sciences and humanities

Award Grant: CAD 70,000 (INR 41.45 Lakhs) per year

These scholarships are offered to international students for up to 3 years who are pursuing a PhD in the following:

• Natural Sciences

Award Grant: CAD 21,000 (INR 12.43 Lakhs) per year

This scholarship is offered to international students who are pursuing a PhD program in Animal Research at any of the following:

• University of British Columbia
• A recognised Canadian university in Quebec

Award Grant: CAD 1,500 (INR 88,840)

These scholarships are offered to international students pursuing any PhD program in Canada. Every year more than 12 scholarships are awarded to students.

Award Grant of CAD 60,000 (INR 35.53 Lakhs).

These fully-funded scholarships are awarded to international students enrolled in doctoral programs at McGill University .

Award Grant is valued between CAD 3,000 and CAD 12,000 (INR 1.77-7.10 Lakhs).

Also Read: Top Colleges and Universities in Canada

There are a variety of career opportunities based on the chosen field of study after pursuing a PhD in Canada. Mentioned below are some of the popular job profiles along with their average salary for PhD students in Canada:

R&D Director	CAD 110,757 (INR 65.59 Lakhs)
Research Scientist	CAD 69,511 (INR 41.16 Lakhs)
Postdoctoral Research Associate	CAD 48,000 (INR 28.42 Lakhs)
Research Engineer	CAD 119,315 (INR 70.66 Lakh)
Principal Scientist	CAD 100,263 (INR 59.38 Lakhs )

Some of the popular PhD courses or subjects in Canada for international students are Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Social Sciences, Humanities, Medicine & Health, Business & Management, Engineering and Computer Science.

Canadian Universities have 3 intakes i.e Winter- January, Fall- September, and Summer- May.

The acceptance rate at the University of Waterloo is 53%.

If you are looking for a fully funded PhD program in Canada but are confused with the admission process, get in touch with our experienced counsellors at Leverage Edu on 1800572000. They’ll guide you throughout the process of selecting the best PhD program and university that will equip you with the right exposure to kick-start your career.

Damanpreet Kaur Vohra

Daman is an author with profound expertise in writing engaging and informative content focused on EdTech and Study Abroad. With a keen understanding of these domains, Daman excels at creating complex concepts into accessible, reader-friendly material. With a proven track record of insightful articles, Daman stands as a reliable source for providing content for EdTech and Study Abroad.

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Clinical Psychology PhDs

Hey Grace. Check out these fully funded scholarships for PhD in Clinical Psychology. That is, the Trudeau Scholarships and Fellowships, and Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships. Several universities also offer scholarships for PhD in Clinical Psychology. Some of them are- Harvard University, Arizona State University, and Fordham University. To know more about courses and university visit the study abroad experts at Leverage Edu

Dear Sister Blessy George, This is Teja from India, Can you please guide me or share some info regarding PHD in Environment or climate change or best one which fit or good to settle in canada after doing PHD.

Hey Teja. Phd in climate change is not available in Canada. However, you can pursue a PhD in Environmental Sciences. Some of the popular universities include the University of Prince Edward Island, Wilfrid Laurier University, and Carleton University. Some of the career options after this course include Environmental Scientist, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Analyst, and professor, among others. To learn more information about this course consult the study abroad experts at Leverage Edu.

I would like to receive guidance on fully funded PhD scholarships in the area of epidemiology in canada. Kindly oblige me this information, I am planning towards admission in January 2024. Thank you.

Hello Blessy I’m currently enrolled in a master’s degree program in international operational law in Sweden. I would like to know of my PhD options in Canada. Please Advise

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PhD in Canada: Guide for International Students in 2024

Pursuing a PhD in Canada can open the door to several academic, professional and personal opportunities. Canada is known for its excellent education system and world-class research facilities, making it an ideal destination for those seeking advanced degrees in their field of choice.

In the first two quarters of 2023, Canada has issued over 96,000 study permits for Indian students. Typically, over 22,000 international studies carry out their doctoral studies in Canada. This number is expected to increase in 2024 as more international students decide to pursue their PhDs in Canada.

Table of Contents

Is PHD in Canada Worth it?

• What is the PhD. Fees in Canada?

What are the general eligibility requirements for PhD programs in Canada?

What are the career opportunities after getting phd from canada, how to apply for phd in canada, what are the best universities in canada for phd, let’s get you into top phd courses in canada.

Pursuing a PhD in Canada gives you the opportunity to be part of an innovative and progressive research environment. Canadian universities typically offer research-based doctoral programmes which last between four to six years. Unlike the American model, which starts with a year or two of taught classes and exams before settling on a thesis topic, Canada’s PhD curriculum is much more grounded in extensive research.

The top seven reasons to pursue this degree in Canada include

1. Access to Top-Notch Research Opportunities:

With its world-class universities and academic institutions, Canada offers a wealth of research opportunities for international students.

2. Cost-Effective Tuition:

Tuition fees for PhD programmes in Canada are generally lower than those of other countries typically ranging from $ CAD 6,000 to 20,000 annually. Universities also offer generous stipends, assistantships and other benefits to PhD students.

3. Quality Education:

Canadian universities provide excellent educational opportunities for international PhD students and offer many diverse fields of study. In contrast to master’s and bachelor’s degree holders, PhD graduates in Canada experience lower levels of unemployment and higher earnings.

4. Supportive Learning Environment:

Canadian universities are known for providing a supportive learning environment for students, making it easy to explore interests and conduct your own research.

5. Professional Career Opportunities:

Pursuing a PhD in Canada can open the door to many potential job opportunities both inside and outside the country. When it comes to career paths outside of academia, PhDs are predominantly finding jobs in private industry – more specifically an estimated 20-25% of recent graduates.

6. Quality of Life:

Canada is a country known for its high quality of life with affordable housing, excellent healthcare, and beautiful outdoors. International PhD students in Canada can take advantage of these benefits while pursuing their studies.

7. Cultural Diversity:

Canada is a diverse country and provides international students with an opportunity to learn about different cultures, lifestyles and languages. With access to world-renowned universities, top-notch research facilities, and plentiful funding opportunities, pursuing a PhD in Canada is well worth the investment. Once you’ve been through this article, you may decide on Canada as opposed to say a PhD in the UK .

What is the Ph.D. Fees in Canada?

Canada is a fairly affordable choice for international students. There are various scholarships and funding opportunities available to help offset the costs of tuition, living expenses, and other related expenses. Tuition fees for a PhD in Canada vary depending on several factors including but not limited to: research field, school, programme duration and student status (international versus domestic).

Here’s a quick look at the list of PhD programme fees of the top 10 universities:

For a more detailed view, with rankings, see this table:

1	University of Toronto	21	Starts at $28,970
2	University of British Columbia	41	Starts at $19,700
3	McGill University	49	Starts at $17,000
4	McMaster University	103	Starts at $6,307.20
5	University of Alberta	109	Starts at $8,874
6	University of Montreal	111	Starts at $19,000
8	University of Waterloo	158	Starts at $22,188
8	University of Ottawa	177	Starts at $11,650
9	University of Calgary	201-250	Starts at $10,000
10	Western University	201-250	Starts at $10,662

Admission requirements for PhD programmes in Canada vary by institution and subject, but there are some general eligibility requirements. Prospective applicants must possess a Master’s degree in the same subject for admission to any doctoral programme. Besides this, the other general eligibility requirements for PhD in Canada are

It’s common to be asked for your Grade Point Average (GPA) when applying to a Canadian doctoral programme while submitting your academic transcripts. To get accepted into one of these programmes, applicants need at least a 3.0 GPA or higher. Students must also show that they have taken advanced courses in their field of study.

Graduate Admissions Tests

Universities and graduate schools use scores from the Graduate Records Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) to assess potential students’ aptitude for higher learning. Requirements can change between universities, so be sure to do your research beforehand.

Language Requirements

Depending on your chosen province of study, a Canadian Doctoral degree can be attained in either English or French. While the majority of universities teach primarily in English, those located within Quebec for example may offer instruction exclusively in French.

If you are a native speaker or have already studied the language at the university level, that should be enough to meet the criteria. Otherwise, you must take and pass a language test before submitting your application as part of its requirements.

Work Experience

Having some experience in the field you are applying to can be beneficial, although it’s not always mandatory. Admissions committees may want to know that students have relevant work experience or volunteer activities in their chosen field prior to applying for a doctoral programme in Canada.

Research Statement

Applicants for PhDs are usually required to show a strong interest in research through their statement of purpose or a research proposal. This is an important part of the application process and should detail why you are applying for the programme, what you hope to gain from it, and your future goals. Having a good research statement can help strengthen your application.

Your resume should include the following information: academic achievements, work experience, extra-curricular activities, and awards. It’s important to provide an accurate and detailed description of your qualifications so that admissions committees can get a better idea of who you are and what you bring to the table.

Canadian universities may conduct a PhD interview as an assessment of your application and capability, or simply to become more acquainted with you. You must be prepared to answer questions about your chosen field and research, experience, interests and career aspirations. It is best to research potential topics of discussion before attending such an interview and practice as best you can.

Admission to a doctoral programme in Canada requires two or three academic references from previous professors or employers, who can be contacted for a reference only after you have received their permission. Ensure that your references are aware of their role in the application process so they can provide the most honest and accurate assessment of your abilities and knowledge.

Reaching Out to Potential Supervisors

Potential PhD students should research possible dissertation supervisors and acquaint themselves with the research areas of their prospective Schools prior to applying. This allows them to understand the type of research they would be expected to undertake and make an informed decision. Finally, make sure that you meet all the deadlines for your application and keep a track of all the documentation you are sending. This will help ensure that you submit a complete and accurate application package.

In Canada, a PhD degree can open the doors to a number of exciting career opportunities. With an advanced research-based degree under your belt, you can expect to find employment opportunities in areas such as teaching and research at universities or research institutes. You may pursue an academic career in the public or private sector, or use your knowledge to launch a successful business venture.

With the right qualifications and experience, you can also find work in areas such as policy analysis, consulting, communication and media, government departments and non-profit organisations. There is also the potential to work abroad, either in academia or for Canadian-based multinational companies.

PhD holders in Canada can expect to earn an average salary of $97,500 per year or $50 per hour. New entrants into the job market could bring home a minimum annual income of $58,032; whereas those with experience may draw up to as much as $128,975 annually.

After completing their doctoral studies at a Canadian designated learning institution , international students may take advantage of the post-graduation work permit (PGWP) or a work visa which grants them the opportunity to stay in Canada for up to three years.

If you would like to work in Canada after acquiring your PhD, make sure to apply within 180 days of earning it. The fee is CAD $255 (USD $200), and the application can be done online through a process that usually takes around 100 days. Students are allowed to obtain gainful employment during this period as long as they hold a valid study permit.

Through the Post-Graduate Work Permit (PGWP) programme, you can gain employability experience that will help you meet the eligibility criteria for Canada’s Experience Class programme and qualify as a permanent resident.

TC Global provides a range of services catering to applicants interested in pursuing a PhD in Canada full-time or part-time.

Our experienced team can help you with:

• 1. Finding the best university and programme that fits your needs, interests, and qualifications
• 2. Preparing and submitting an impressive application package
• 3. Arranging online and face-to-face interviews
• 4. Reviewing documents, such as transcripts and academic records
• 5. Finding financial aid and scholarship options
• 6. Guiding you through the immigration process and securing a student visa
• 7. Offering pre-departure support

TC Global’s team of professionals in the field of higher education, have detailed knowledge of the Canadian admission process to help you get into an accredited Canadian PhD programme of your choice. We provide comprehensive and end-to-end counselling and support services to help you make a successful transition to pursue a PhD in Canada.

Canadian universities offer top-notch doctoral programmes spanning a wide range of disciplines. The best universities in Canada for PhD depend on the individual student’s needs and interests, but some of the most prestigious universities include

1	University of Toronto	21
2	University of British Columbia	41
3	McGill University	49
4	McMaster University	103
5	University of Montreal	111

1: The University of Toronto

Source: University of Toronto

The University of Toronto (U of T) is a renowned pioneer in both teaching and research, with deep roots entrenched across Canada and the world. In only ten years, its entrepreneurs have secured over $1.5 billion in investments while creating more than 500 prospering start-up businesses. As one of North America’s leading study destinations, U of T draws students from over 170 countries worldwide.

What students say: “U of T encourages students to look at the world as a practical laboratory to apply new ideas and explore different avenues.” Jasmeet Journalist, Activist, Recent Alumna

Why study PhD at this school?

U of T continues to make a global impact with the innovative ideas, contributions and inventions of its diverse community of more than 640,000 graduates. The AUTM (Association of University Technology Managers) recognizes U of T as an esteemed frontrunner for invention licensing, options and research-based startups. PhD students are encouraged to explore opportunities to apply their research in the real world, and U of T’s five campus clusters ensure interdisciplinary collaborations between researchers, innovators and entrepreneurs.

Eligibility

The eligibility requirements to pursue a PhD from the University of Toronto are:

• To be considered, you must possess a Master’s degree from an accredited university in Canada or other recognized universities with an A-level grade or equivalent.
• English language proficiency scores such as IELTS, PTE or TOEFL are mandatory.

Admission process & Fees

Students can apply via the University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies   online admissions application . The application fee is $125, CAD. The fee for PhD students starts at $28,970.

Scholarship options

The university offers a range of scholarships, fellowships and grants for international students. Some of these include

• 6T6 Industrial Engineering 50th Anniversary Award in Healthcare Engineering
• Acres Productive Technologies Inc. – Joseph Yonan Memorial Fellowship
• Al and Hannah Perly Graduate Student Scholarship
• Alan H. Weatherley Graduate Fellowship in Environmental Leadership

2: University of British Columbia

Source: University of British Columbia

The University of British Columbia is a top-tier institution committed to producing exceptional graduates with values rooted in global citizenship. Through their rigorous courses and research, they strive to create an environment that promotes civil progress and sustains the well-being of people not only from BC but across Canada, as well as worldwide.

What students say: “I have been exposed to a world of cutting-edge research, and it has been very rewarding. Boluwatife Awonaike PhD Student, Environmental Science

UBC is consistently acknowledged as one of the top 20 public universities worldwide for its cutting-edge research and teaching. Over $1.5 billion has been invested into UBC’s infrastructure and facilities in recent years from government sources, non-profits and industry partnerships. Researchers at UBC file 250 patents on average annually.

The eligibility requirements to pursue a PhD from UBC are:

• The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Academic version with a minimum overall score of 6.5, and no individual component scoring lower than 6.0. Scores from other English proficiency tests are accepted as well.
• Students will require a credential or degree that is similar to the standard of education required in Canada at the Master’s level. All applicants must exhibit excellent academic performance and research potential as demonstrated by grades, academic awards or publications.

Aspiring PhD students can apply online on the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies website. The tuition fee for a PhD programme at UBC typically costs around CA $19,700 per year.

UBC offers a wide range of scholarships, fellowships and bursaries to help support students during their academic journey. Some of the prominent awards are:

• The Public Scholars Initiative
• Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships
• Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships
• The Killam Postdoctoral Fellow Research Prize

3: McGill University

Source: Wikipedia

As one of the world’s most renowned universities and Canada’s premier institution of higher learning, McGill University is home to over 30% of international students from more than 150 countries. It is famous for its research excellence and strong emphasis on experiential learning.

McGill offers an enriching experience with world-class professors, innovative teaching methods, and exciting research opportunities.

At McGill, the average entering grades are among the highest in Canada. The university’s dedication to excellence has enabled its students to win more awards than those at any other Canadian institution – both nationally and globally. McGill University currently has over 698 postdoctoral scholars pursuing research in various disciplines.

The eligibility criteria for the PhD programme are as follows:

• Master’s degrees with a CGPA of at least 3.0 out of 4.0 at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
• International students must submit an IBT (Internet-Based Test) results with a written score of at least 25; a reading, writing and listening score of not less than 20. Alternatively, they can also submit IELTS (International English Language Testing System) results with a band score of 7.5 or greater (Academic module)

To apply for this course, students fill out the application online and pay a non-refundable PhD programme deposit of $300 which will be credited towards tuition. Students must upload all required supporting documents and ensure they follow the instructions for transcripts and letters of recommendation references . The international student fee for doctoral programmes starts at around $17,000.

International students can explore scholarships such as the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships, Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships and University Research Awards. Additionally, McGill offers a number of scholarships including

• Trudeau Foundation Doctoral Scholarship
• Tomlinson Doctoral Fellowships
• Weston Fellowship
• Arbour Foundation – Scholarship for study in Computer Science, Engineering, and Management

4: McMaster University

Since 1887, McMaster University has been an innovative leader in teaching and research. We are dedicated to inspiring curiosity, inquiry and discovery both inside and outside the classroom. Our revolutionary approaches to learning have recently earned us international recognition when we were presented with the coveted Global Teaching Excellence Award by the Higher Education Academy of the United Kingdom.

McMaster University is not only one of the top universities in Canada but also an international leader – consistently ranking within the world’s Top 100. According to Times Higher Education’s 2024 World University Rankings, it placed 103rd out of over 1,800 institutions.

McMaster University is devoted to providing its students with the highest calibre of education, as well as offering global opportunities for experiential learning through international collaborations and various programmes. With this fulfilling vision in mind, they have set out to guarantee that all individuals within their community receive invaluable hands-on experience

Aspiring PhD candidates need to fulfil the following eligibility requirements:

• A master’s degree with an average rating of B+ or higher (or equivalent)
• For certain subjects, a GMAT score of no less than 600 or an equivalent GRE (Graduate Records Exam) scores with at least 80% in the Quantitative Reasoning section is required.
• To demonstrate your English language proficiency, you must submit a certified TOEFL or IELTS score. These scores will remain valid for two years after the test date.

All students must submit a preliminary application which helps the university determine whether or not they qualify to submit a formal application. Qualifying candidates will receive an application link from the university and would be required to pay a $110 CAD fee. The fee for international PhD students starts at $6,307.20 per year

PhD students can apply for scholarships such as:

• Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)
• Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
• Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)

5: University of Montreal

Source: University of Montreal

By studying at the renowned University of Montreal (UdeM), you get to discover one of the most acclaimed university cities in the world – Montréal! This bilingual and multicultural city is celebrated for its diversity, merging North American ingenuity with an undeniable European grace. With UdeM, experience an unparalleled academic journey with an emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches.

The University of Montreal is one of Canada’s leading research institutions, attracting over $600 million in funding annually. With this substantial amount of funds, it has become a hub for groundbreaking and innovative discoveries within the university setting.

The University of Montreal is home to several renowned laboratories, including the world-renowned MILA research centre – a leader in deep learning; IRIC, one of the most productive institutions in immunology and cancer research; and CRDP – Canada’s premier public law research centre. These units are at the cutting edge of innovation within their respective fields, pushing boundaries with ground-breaking discoveries.

To be admitted as a doctoral student, candidates must:

• Have a degree that adequately prepares them for their chosen area of study or show proof of equivalent education with a score of 3.2 out of 4.3 or the equivalent.
• Show mastery in French or English (and any additional languages deemed essential to their study) to demonstrate aptitude for research.

 Admission process & Fees

Students can submit one application per admissions cycle and fill out the online application form here . The fee for international students starts at around $19,000 per year.

Some of the scholarship options include:

• Doctoral Scholarships Université de Montréal (UdeM) and the China Scholarship Council
• The fast-track Master’s to PhD programme scholarship

We understand that applying for a PhD is an important career decision and can be a stressful process. With so many universities and PhD programmes in Canada, it can be overwhelming to find the right one for you. You want to make sure that you are getting into a top-ranked programme with generous scholarship options, but don’t have the time or resources to research all of your options.

At TC Global , we simplify international education, learning, and mobility through connecting students, universities, and a global community on a single platform where there are over 1000+ education providers and over 80,000+ courses.

Our platform enables students to study anywhere in the world in just a few steps. From search and discovery and finding the right course fit for you, to applications, visas, and departure – we see you through it all. We can help get you zero in on Canada’s best PhD courses.

To move forward with us, download our app or visit  tcglobal.com  and sign in to create an account on our student platform and onboard with us in quick, easy steps.! 🚀

Then simply set up a visit Calendly.com/tcglobal to pick a Relationships Team closest to you and choose a slot to meet with a Relationship Member.

You May Also Like

• PhD in UK for Indian Students: Guide for 2023
• Top 10 PhD Scholarships in Canada for Indian Students in 2023
• Scholarships in UK For Indian Students: In-Depth Guide for 2023

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• Terms of Service

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Terms of Use | August 24 2021

THE CHOPRAS GLOBAL HOLDINGS PTE LTD ("TC GLOBAL") END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT AND TERMS OF USE

PLEASE READ THESE TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SERVICES OFFERED BY TC GLOBAL. THESE TERMS OF USE SET FORTH THE LEGALLY BINDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE AT https://tcglobal.com ("THE "SITE") AND THE SERVICES, FEATURES, CONTENT, APPLICATIONS OR WIDGETS OFFERED BY TC GLOBAL ("SERVICE") .

For the purposes of these Terms of Use, "TC Global" shall be deemed to include The Chopras Global Holdings Pte Ltd and/or its affiliates.

Acceptance of Terms

By registering for and/or using the Service in any manner, including but not limited to visiting or browsing the Site, you agree to all of the terms and conditions contained herein ("Terms of Use") and all other operating rules, policies and procedures that may be published from time to time on the Site by TC Global, each of which is incorporated by reference and each of which may be updated by TC Global from time to time without notice to you in accordance with the terms set out under the "Modification of Terms of Use" section below. In addition, some services offered through the Service may be subject to additional terms and conditions specified by TC Global from time to time; your use of such services is subject to those additional terms and conditions, which are incorporated into these Terms of Use by this reference. These Terms of Use apply to all users of the Service, including, without limitation, users who are contributors of content, information, and other materials or services on the Site, individual users of the Service, venues that access the Service, and users that have a page on the Service.

Subject to these Terms of Use, TC Global may offer to provide the Services, as described more fully on the Site, and which are selected by you, solely for your own use, and not for the use or benefit of any third party. Services shall include, but not be limited to, any services TC Global performs for you, any applications or widgets offered by TC Global that you download from the Site or, subject to the terms set out under the "Third party Sites and Services" section below, from third party application stores (eg. App Store, Play Store or Google Apps Marketplace) authorized by TC Global, as well as the offering of any materials displayed or performed on or through the Services (including Content (as defined below)).

Registration and Eligibility

You are required to register with TC Global to browse the Site, view Content and access the Services only and represent, warrant and covenant that you provide TC Global with accurate and complete registration information (including, but not limited to a user name ("User Name") , e-mail address and/or mobile telephone number and a password you will use to access the Service) and to keep your registration information accurate and up-to-date. Failure to do so shall constitute a breach of these Terms of Use, which may result in immediate termination of your TC Global account. We recommend, but do not require, that you use your own name as your User Name so your contacts can recognize you more easily. You shall not:

• Create any account for anyone other than yourself without such person's permission.
• Use a username that is the name of another person with the intent to impersonate that person.
• Use a username or TC Global account that is subject to any rights of a person other than you without appropriate authorization.
• Use a username that is a name that is otherwise offensive, vulgar or obscene or otherwise unlawful.

TC Global reserves the right to refuse registration of, or cancel a User Name at its sole discretion. You are solely responsible and liable for activity that occurs on your account and shall be responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your TC Global password. You shall never use another user's account without such other user's prior express permission. You will immediately notify TC Global in writing of any unauthorized use of your account, or other account related security breach of which you are aware.

You represent and warrant that if you are an individual, you are of legal age to form a binding contract, or that if you are registering on behalf of an entity or a minor, that you are lawfully authorized to enter into, and bind the entity or yourself (as the legal guardian of the minor) to, these Terms of Use and register for the Service. The Service is not available to individuals who are younger than 10 years old. TC Global may, in its sole discretion, refuse to offer the Service to any person or entity and change its eligibility criteria at any time.

You are solely responsible for ensuring that these Terms of Use are in compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to you and the right to access the Service is revoked where these Terms of Use or use of the Service is prohibited and, in such circumstances, you agree not to use or access the Site or Services in any way.

If you use a mobile device, please be aware that your carrier's normal rates and fees, such as text messaging and data charges, will still apply. In the event you change or deactivate your mobile telephone number, you agree that you will update your account information on the Services within 48 hours to ensure that your messages are not sent to the person who acquires your old number.

All Content, whether publicly posted or privately transmitted, is the sole responsibility of the person who originated such Content. TC Global cannot guarantee the authenticity of any Content or data which users may provide about themselves. You acknowledge that all Content accessed by you using the Service is at your own risk and you will be solely responsible and liable for any damage or loss to you or any other party resulting therefrom. For purposes of these Terms of Use, the term "Content" includes, without limitation, any location information, video clips, audio clips, responses, information, data, text, photographs, software, scripts, graphics, and interactive features generated, provided, or otherwise made accessible by TC Global on or through the Service. Content added, created, uploaded, submitted, distributed, posted or otherwise obtained through the Service by users, including Content that is added to the Service in connection with users linking their accounts to third party websites and services, is collectively referred to as, "User Submissions" .

TC Global Content

The Service contains Content specifically provided by TC Global or its partners and such Content is protected by copyrights, trademarks, service marks, patents, trade secrets or other proprietary rights and laws, as applicable. You shall abide by and maintain all copyright notices, information, and restrictions contained in any Content accessed through the Service.

Subject to these Terms of Use, TC Global grants each user of the Site and/or Service a worldwide, non-exclusive, non-sub licensable and non-transferable license to use, modify and reproduce the Content, solely for personal, non-commercial use. Use, reproduction, modification, distribution or storage of any Content for other than personal, non-commercial use is expressly prohibited without prior written permission from TC Global, or from the copyright holder identified in such Content's copyright notice, as applicable. You shall not sell, license, rent, or otherwise use or exploit any Content for commercial (whether or not for profit) use or in any way that violates any third party right.

User Submissions

We may use your User Submissions in a number of different ways in connection with the Site, Service and TC Global's business as TC Global may determine in its sole discretion, including but not limited to, publicly displaying it, reformatting it, incorporating it into marketing materials, advertisements and other works, creating derivative works from it, promoting it, distributing it, and allowing other users to do the same in connection with their own websites, media platforms, and applications ("Third Party Media") . By submitting User Submissions on the Site or otherwise through the Service, you hereby do and shall grant TC Global a worldwide, non- exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid, sub licensable and transferable license to use, copy, edit, modify, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display, perform, and otherwise fully exploit the User Submissions in connection with the Site, the Service and TC Global's (and its successors and assigns') business, including without limitation for promoting and redistributing part or all of the Site (and derivative works thereof) or the Service in any media formats and through any media channels (including, without limitation, third party websites and feeds). You also hereby do and shall grant each user of the Site and/or the Service, including Third Party Media, a non-exclusive license to access your User Submissions through the Site and the Service, and to use, edit, modify, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display and perform such User Submissions in connection with their use of the Site, Service and Third Party Media. For clarity, the foregoing license grant to TC Global does not affect your other ownership or license rights in your User Submission(s), including the right to grant additional licenses to the material in your User Submission(s), unless otherwise agreed in writing with TC Global.

You represent and warrant that you have all rights to grant such license to us without infringement or violation of any third party rights, including without limitation, any privacy rights, publicity rights, copyrights, contract rights, or any other intellectual property or proprietary rights.

You understand that all information publicly posted or privately transmitted through the Site is the sole responsibility of the person from whom such Content originated; that TC Global will not be liable for any errors or omissions in any Content; and that TC Global cannot guarantee the identity of any other users with whom you may interact in the course of using the Service.

You should be aware that the opinions expressed in the Content in User Submissions are theirs alone and do not reflect the opinions of TC Global. TC Global is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied in User Submissions or in relation to any comments that are posted.

You should bear in mind that circumstances change and that information that may have been accurate at the time of posting will not necessarily remain so.

When you delete your User Submissions, they will be removed from the Service. However, you understand that any removed User Submissions may persist in backup copies for a reasonable period of time (but following removal will not be shared with others) or may remain with users who have previously accessed or downloaded your User Submissions.

Rules and Conduct

As a condition of use, you promise not to use the Service for any purpose that is prohibited by these Terms of Use. You are responsible for all of your activity in connection with the Service.

Additionally, you shall abide by all applicable local, state, national and international laws and regulations and, if you represent a business, any advertising, marketing, privacy, or other self-regulatory code(s) applicable to your industry.

By way of example, and not as a limitation, you shall not (and shall not permit any third party to) either (a)take any action or (b)upload, download, post, submit or otherwise distribute or facilitate distribution of any Content on or through the Service, including without limitation any User Submission, that:

• belongs to another person and to which the user does not have any right;
• is defamatory, obscene, pornographic, pedophilic, invasive of another's privacy, including bodily privacy, insulting or harassing on the basis of gender, libelous, racially or ethnically objectionable, relating or encouraging money laundering or gambling, or otherwise inconsistent with or contrary to the laws in force;
• is harmful to a minor;
• infringes any patent, trademark, copyright or other proprietary rights;
• violates any law for the time being in force;
• deceives or misleads the addressee about the origin of the message or knowingly and intentionally communicates any information which is patently false or misleading in nature but may reasonably be perceived as a fact;
• impersonates another person;
• threatens the unity, integrity, defence, security or sovereignty of India, friendly relations with foreign states, or public order, or causes incitement to the commission of any cognizable offence or prevents investigation of any offence or is insulting other nation;
• contains software virus or any other computer code, file or program designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of any computer resource;
• is patently false and untrue, and is written or published in any form, with the intent to mislead or harass a person, entity or agency for financial gain or to cause any injury to any person.

Additionally, you agree not to:

• contact anyone who has asked not to be contacted, or makes unsolicited contact with anyone for any commercial purpose, specifically, contact any user to post an advertisement on a third party website or post any advertisement on behalf of such user; or to "stalk" or otherwise harass anyone;
• make any libelous or defamatory comments or postings to or against anyone;
• collect personal data about other users or entities for commercial or unlawful purposes;
• use automated means, including spiders, robots, crawlers, data mining tools, or the like to download or scrape data from the Site, except for internet search engines (eg. Google) and non-commercial public archives (e.g. archive.org) that comply with our robots.txt file;
• post Content that is outside the local area or not relevant to the local area, repeatedly post the same or similar Content, or otherwise impose unreasonable or disproportionately large loads on our servers and other infrastructure;
• attempt to gain unauthorized access to computer systems owned or controlled by TC Global or engage in any activity that disrupts, diminishes the quality of, interferes with the performance of, or impairs the functionality of, the Service or the Site.
• use any automated device or software that enables the submission of automatic postings on TC Global without human intervention or authorship (an "automated posting device" ), including without limitation, the use of any such automated posting device in connection with bulk postings, or for automatic submission of postings at certain times or intervals; or
• Any Content uploaded by you shall be subject to relevant laws and may disabled, or and may be subject to investigation under appropriate laws. Furthermore, if you are found to be in non-compliance with the laws and regulations, these terms, or the privacy policy of the Site, we may terminate your account/block your access to the Site and we reserve the right to remove any non-compliant Content uploaded by you.

TC Global does not guarantee that any Content or User Submissions (as defined above) will be made available on the Site or through the Service. TC Global has no obligation to monitor the Site, Service, Content, or User Submissions. However, TC Global reserves the right to (i) remove, suspend, edit or modify any Content in its sole discretion, including without limitation any User Submissions at any time, without notice to you and for any reason (including, but not limited to, upon receipt of claims or allegations from third parties or authorities relating to such Content or if TC Global is concerned that you may have violated these Terms of Use), or for no reason at all and (ii) to remove, suspend or block any User Submissions from the Service. TC Global also reserves the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as TC Global reasonably believes is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request, (ii) enforce these Terms of Use, including investigation of potential violations hereof, (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues, (iv) respond to user support requests, or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of TC Global, its users and the public.

Technical Failures

It is possible that you may face disruptions, including, but not limited to errors, disconnections or interferences in communication in the internet services, software or hardware that you have used to avail our Service. TC Global is not responsible for such factors in the disruption or interruption in the Service and you take full responsibility with complete knowledge for any risk of loss or damages caused due to interruption of services for any such reasons.

Advertisements, Third Party Sites and Services

Some of the TC Global Services are supported by advertising revenue and may display advertisements, promotions, and links to third-party websites. You hereby agree that TC Global may place such advertising and promotions on the TC Global Services or on, about, or in conjunction with your Content. The manner, mode and extent of such advertising and promotions are subject to change without specific notice to you.

The Service may permit you to link to other websites, services or resources on the Internet, and other websites, services or resources may contain links to the Site. When you access third party websites, you do so at your own risk. These other websites are not under TC Global's control, and you acknowledge that TC Global is not responsible or liable for the content, functions, accuracy, legality, appropriateness or any other aspect of such websites or resources. The inclusion of any such link does not imply endorsement by TC Global or any association with its operators. You further acknowledge and agree that TC Global shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such Content, goods or services available on or through any such website or resource.

Termination

TC Global may terminate your access to all or any part of the Service at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice, effective immediately, which may result in the forfeiture and destruction of all information associated with your membership. If you wish to terminate your account, you may do so by contacting us at [email protected] till we develop the procedure on the website and apps. Any fees paid hereunder are non-refundable. All provisions of these Terms of Use which by their nature should survive termination shall survive termination, including, without limitation, ownership provisions, warranty disclaimers, indemnity and limitations of liability.

Warranty Disclaimer

Save to the extent required by law, TC Global has no special relationship with or fiduciary duty to you. You acknowledge that TC Global has no control over, and no duty to take any action regarding: which users gain access to the Service; what Content you access via the Service; what effects the Content may have on you; how you may interpret or use the Content; or what actions you may take as a result of having been exposed to the Content.

You release TC Global from all liability for you having acquired or not acquired Content through the Service. The Service may contain, or direct you to websites containing, information that some people may find offensive or inappropriate. TC Global makes no representations concerning any Content contained in or accessed through the Service, and TC Global will not be responsible or liable for the accuracy, copyright compliance, legality or decency of material contained in or accessed through the Service and cannot be held liable for any third-party claims, losses or damages.

You release us from all liability relating to your connections and relationships with other users. You understand that we do not, in any way, screen users, nor do we inquire into the backgrounds of users or attempt to verify their backgrounds or statements. We make no representations or warranties as to the conduct of users or the veracity of any information users provide. In no event shall we be liable for any damages whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, general, special, compensatory, consequential, and/or incidental, arising out of or relating to the conduct of you or anyone else in connection with the Services, including, without limitation, bodily injury, emotional distress, and any damages resulting in any way from communications or meetings with users or persons you may otherwise meet through the Services. As such, you agree to take reasonable precautions and exercise the utmost personal care in all interactions with any individual you come into contact with through the Service, particularly if you decide to meet such individuals in person. For example, you should not, under any circumstances, provide your financial information (e.g., credit card or bank account numbers) to other individuals.

THE SITE, SERVICE AND CONTENT ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", "AS AVAILABLE" AND ARE PROVIDED WITHOUT ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES IMPLIED BY ANY COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE, ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED, SAVE TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY LAW.

TC GLOBAL, AND ITS AFFILIATES, TEAM, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, SUPPLIERS, PARTNERS AND CONTENT PROVIDERS DO NOT WARRANT THAT: (A) THE SERVICE WILL BE SECURE OR AVAILABLE AT ANY PARTICULAR TIME OR LOCATION; (B) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED; (C) ANY CONTENT OR SOFTWARE AVAILABLE AT OR THROUGH THE SERVICE IS FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS; OR (D) THE RESULTS OF USING THE SERVICE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS. YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE, SERVICE AND CONTENT IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. SOME STATES / COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Indemnification

You shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless TC Global, its affiliates and each of its and its affiliates' employees, contractors, directors, suppliers and representatives from all losses, costs, actions, claims, damages, expenses (including reasonable legal costs) or liabilities, that arise from or relate to your use or misuse of, or access to, the Site, Service, Content or otherwise from your User Submissions, violation of these Terms of Use, or infringement by you, or any third party using the your account, of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity (save to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction holds that such claim arose due to an act or omission of TC Global). TC Global reserves the right to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, in which event you will assist and cooperate with TC Global in asserting any available defenses.

Limitation of Liability

ALL LIABILITY OF TC GLOBAL, ITS AFFILIATES, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS HOWSOEVER ARISING FOR ANY LOSS SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF YOUR USE OF THE SITE, SERVICE, CONTENT OR USER SUBMISSIONS IS EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, SAVE THAT, IF A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION DETERMINES THAT LIABILITY OF TC GLOBAL, ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS (AS APPLICABLE) HAS ARISEN, THE TOTAL OF SUCH LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED IN AGGREGATE TO THE VALUE OF TC GLOBAL'S SERVICES AVAILED BY THE USER FOR 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO THE INITIATION OF A CLAIM.

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL TC GLOBAL, NOR ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS, BE LIABLE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY OR OTHERWISE (AND WHETHER OR NOT TC GLOBAL, ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS HAD PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES GIVING RISE TO SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE) WITH RESPECT TO THE SITE, SERVICE, CONTENT OR USER SUBMISSIONS FOR:

• INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSSES OR DAMAGES;
• LOSS OF ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS;
• LOSS OF REVENUE;
• LOSS OF GOODWILL;
• LOSS OF DATA;
• LOSS OF ANTICIPATED SAVINGS;
• WASTED EXPENDITURE; OR
• COST OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUE GOODS OR SERVICES.

NOTHING IN THESE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE DEEMED TO EXCLUDE OR LIMIT YOUR LIABILITY IN RESPECT OF ANY INDEMNITY GIVEN BY YOU UNDER THESE TERMS OF USE. APPLICABLE LAW MAY NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH CASES, TC GLOBAL'S LIABILITY WILL BE LIMITED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

Governing Law

A printed version of these Terms of Use and of any notice given in electronic form shall be admissible in judicial or administrative proceedings based upon or relating to these Terms of Use to the same extent and subject to the same conditions as other business documents and records originally generated and maintained in printed form. You and TC Global agree that any cause of action arising out of or related to the Service must commence within one (1) year after the cause of action arose; otherwise, such cause of action is permanently barred.

Terms of Use and all other policies available on this Service shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with the laws of India. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with these Terms of Use and/ or other policies available on this App, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC Rules") for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause. The Tribunal shall consist of 3 arbitrators. The seat and venue of Arbitration shall be Singapore and the language of proceedings shall be English. Subject to the foregoing, the Courts of Singapore shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any disputes relating to the subject matter, herein.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a dispute arises with respect to the validity, scope, enforceability, inventorship, ownership, infringement, breach or unauthorised use of any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property right or any non-proprietary data owned and/or controlled by TC Global, whether or not arising from the Terms of Use, such dispute (at the option of TC Global) shall not be submitted to arbitration and instead, TC Global shall be free to initiate litigation, including but not limited to a claim for interim injunctive relief, in a court of competent jurisdiction, in any country or other jurisdiction in which such rights apply.

Integration and Severability

These Terms of Use are the entire agreement between you and TC Global with respect to the Service and use of the Site, Service, Content or User Submissions, and supersede all prior or contemporaneous communications and proposals (whether oral, written or electronic) between you and TC Global with respect to the Site. If any provision of these Terms of Use is found to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that these Terms of Use will otherwise remain in full force and effect and enforceable. The failure of either party to exercise in any respect any right provided for herein shall not be deemed a waiver of any further rights hereunder. Waiver of compliance in any particular instance does not mean that we will waive compliance in the future. In order for any waiver of compliance with these Terms of Use to be binding, TC Global must provide you with written notice of such waiver through one of its authorized representatives.

Modification of Terms of Use

TC Global reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to modify or replace any of these Terms of Use, or change, suspend, or discontinue the Service (including without limitation, the availability of any feature, database, or content) at any time by posting a notice on the Site or by sending you notice through the Service or via email. TC Global may also impose limits on certain features and services or restrict your access to parts or all of the Service without notice or liability. It is your responsibility to check these Terms of Use periodically for changes. Your continued use of the Service following the posting of any changes to these Terms of Use constitutes acceptance of those changes. You shall also be notified of any modifications to these Terms of Use as and when effected or at least once a year.

Other Provisions

Claims of Copyright or Trademark Infringement

Claims of copyright or trademark infringement should be sent to TC Global's designated agent. If you believe that someone is infringing your copyright or trademark rights on the Site, you can report it to us by contacting our designated agent at [email protected] with a report containing the following information:

• your complete contact information (name, mailing address and phone number),
• a detailed description of the Content that you claim infringes your copyright or trademark along with details on how it infringes upon your copyright or trademark,
• the web address (URL) of the infringing content,
• a declaration that you are filing this report in good faith and that all the information provided is accurate and that you are the owner of the copyright and/or trademark in question.

Please attach your digital signature or physical signature to the report.

Within 36 hours of receiving this notice with the above mentioned details, we will take down the allegedly infringing material from public view while we assess the issues identified in your notice.

On completion of the take-down procedure above:

• If the complainant is successful in obtaining an order of injunction from a court of competent jurisdiction within 21 days from filing the complaint, the material will be permanently removed from TC Global's Site and database upon TC Global being provided with a copy of such order;
• If the complainant is not successful in obtaining an order of injunction from a court of competent jurisdiction within 21 days from receiving notice from the complainant, the material will be made available for public view once again.

Before you submit a report of infringement, you may want to send a message to the person who posted the Content. You may be able to resolve the issue without contacting TC Global. Please remember, only the copyright/trademark owner or their authorized representative may file a report of infringement. If you believe something on the Site infringes someone else's copyright/trademark, you may want to let the rights owner know.

TC Global may give notice by means of a general notice on the Site / Service, notification within the mobile application on your account, electronic mail to your email address in your account, or by written communication sent to your address as set forth in your account. You may give notice to TC Global by written communication to TC Global's email address at [email protected] or physical address at No. 3, Shenton Way, #10-05/06, Shenton House, Singapore, 068805 .

You may not assign or transfer these Terms of Use in whole or in part without TC Global's prior written approval. You hereby give your approval to TC Global for it to assign or transfer these Terms in whole or in part, including to: (i) a subsidiary or affiliate; (ii) an acquirer of TC Global's equity, business or assets; or (iii) a successor by merger. No joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship exists between you, TC Global or any Third Party Provider as a result of the contract between you and TC Global or use of the Services.

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• Privacy Policy

Privacy Policy | September 6, 2021

• The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd. is an entity registered in Singapore. We are engaged in the business of providing a global education, learning, and investment services Site which caters to students, professionals, universities, corporates and governments. We are committed to ensuring that privacy of our clients, visitors, and other users of the website https://tcglobal.com , its subdomains, the web applications and mobile applications (" Site ") is always respected. This Privacy Policy (" Policy ") is to serve as a testament to our sincere efforts to uphold privacy laws. In this Policy, " TC Global ", " we ", or " us " refers to The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd. and its affiliates and " you " refers to a user who has provided any information including Personal Information ( as defined below ) and using any features therein.
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TC Global controls, collects, owns and directs the use of the Personal Information and Usage Information on its Site and TC Global is the data controller and data processor as regards the Personal Information and Usage Information collected on its Site. For any queries regarding this Privacy Policy and the collection and use of data collected or processed under this Privacy Policy, TC Global can be contacted by mail at The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd, No. 3, Shenton Way, #10-05/06, Shenton House, Singapore 068805 ; by phone at +65 9825 6174 or by e-mail at [email protected] .

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TC Global may also process any Personal Information or Usage Information collected from you for legitimate commercial purposes including to provide you with the requisite information requested. A list of uses of the Personal Information and Usage Information collected is provided at Section 3 of this Policy ( Use of Information Collected ). TC Global implements appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk of our processing of information about individuals such as (i) only sharing and providing access to your information to the minimum extent necessary, subject to confidentiality restrictions where appropriate, and on an anonymised basis wherever possible; (ii) using secure servers to store your information; (iii) verifying the identity of any individual who requests access to information prior to granting them access to information; and (iv) using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) software or other similar encryption technologies to encrypt any payment transactions you make on or via our Site.

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TC Global does not share any Personal Information with any third party without your consent, except when directed by the law. TC Global can use this data to verify user identity in line with engagement initiated by the user. We will communicate with you using the contact information provided by you in order to respond to any queries that you may have and to provide any information that you may request regarding the services provided through the Site. We may communicate with you either by written, physical communication, email, telephone, SMS or via notifications on your mobile device. We may also send strictly service-related announcements to you periodically and when it is necessary to do so. For instance, if our services are temporarily suspended for maintenance, we might send you an email, text message, flash notification or telephone call. If you do not wish to receive such alerts, you have the option to unsubscribe from such emails or opt out by sending an email to [email protected] .

We may use Personal Information or Usage Information collected through the Site in the following ways:

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• To enforce TC Global's Terms of Use.
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We may share non-Personal Information, such as aggregated user statistics and log data, with our business partners for industry analysis, demographic profiling, to deliver targeted advertising about other products or services, or for other business purposes. This information is solely used to analyze company Site and understand usage statistics, as mentioned above, is anonymous. The company may share this data with its business partners on anonymous basis.  We do not sell, share, rent or trade the information we have collected about you, including Personal Information, other than as disclosed within this Privacy Policy or at the time you provide your information. We do not share your Personal Information with third parties for those third parties' direct marketing purposes unless you consent to such sharing at the time you provide your Personal Information.

We cooperate with government and law enforcement officials and private parties to enforce and comply with the law. Thus, we may access, use, store, transfer and disclose your information (including Personal Information), including disclosure to third parties such as government or law enforcement officials or private parties as we reasonably determine is necessary and appropriate: (i) to satisfy any applicable law, regolation, governmental requests or legal process; (ii) to protect the safety, rights, property or security of TC Global, our services, the Site or any third party; (iii) to protect the safety of the public for any reason; (iv) to detect, prevent or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues; and /or (v) to prevent or stop any activity we consider to be, or to pose a risk of being, an illegal, unethical, or legally actionable activity. Such disclosures may be carried out without notice to you.

We may share your information, including your Personal Information and Usage Information with our parent, subsidiaries and affiliates for internal reasons. We also reserve the right to disclose and transfer all such information: (i) to a subsequent owner, co-owner or operator of the Site or applicable database; or (ii) in connection with a corporate merger, consolidation, restructuring, the sale of substantially all of our membership interests and/or assets or other corporate change, including, during the course of any due diligence process. You will be notified via email and/or a prominent notice on our Site of any change in ownership or uses of your personal information, as well as any choices you may have regarding your personal information. We will endeavor that the transferee who is the recipient of Personal Information and Usage Information commits to privacy measures which are substantially similar to the measures under this privacy policy.

We do not include or offer third party products or services on our Site.

Your information may be stored and processed in Singapore or any other country in which TC Global or its subsidiaries, affiliates or service providers maintain facilities. TC Global may transfer information that we collect about you, including Personal Information, to affiliated entities, or to other third parties across borders and from your country or jurisdiction to other countries or jurisdictions around the world. These countries may have data protection laws that are different to the laws of your country and, in some cases, may not be as protective. We have taken appropriate safeguards to require that your information will remain protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy by entering into requisite agreements with the concerned transferees. 

Your information will be retained with TC Global as long as it is needed by TC Global to provide services to you. If you wish to cancel your account or request that TC Global no longer uses your information to provide services, you may contact TC Global at [email protected].. TC Global will promptly delete the information as requested. TC Global will retain and use your information as necessary to comply with its legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce its agreements or for other business purposes. When TC Global has no ongoing legitimate business need to process your information, we will either delete or anonymize it.

In case on any queries on this privacy policy, please contact us at  [email protected] . TC Global reserves the right to update or modify any part of this policy or make any changes without prior notice to the user. The user is advised to check this page periodically to stay abreast of any policy changes by us.

You are responsible for maintaining the accuracy of the information you submit to us, such as your contact information provided as part of account registration. If your Personal Information changes, or if you no longer desire to access the Site, you may correct, delete inaccuracies, or amend information by contacting us through  [email protected] and we will respond within 72 hours of receipt of communication. You have the right to request that we rectify or delete the personal data or restrict the processing of your personal data, if you think they are inaccurate. Furthermore, you have the right to object against the processing based on our legitimate interests as a legal basis. We are required to assess and act on your request. Additionally, you also have the right to data portability if it shoold become relevant. You have a right to lodge a complaint with your local supervisory authority. [You may also cancel or modify your communications that you have elected to receive from the Site by logging into your user account and changing your communication preferences. If you wish to cancel your account or request that we no longer use your information to provide you details with respect to our services and the Site, please write to us at [email protected] .

If you wish to opt out of receiving non-essential communications such as promotional and marketing-related information regarding the Site and our services, please send TC Global an email at [email protected] .

From time to time, we may update this Privacy Policy to reflect changes to our information practices. Any changes will be effective immediately upon the posting of the revised Privacy Policy on the Site. If we make any material changes, we will notify you by email (sent to the e-mail address specified in your account) or by means of a notice on the Site prior to the change becoming effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.

If you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy, please feel free to contact us by writing to us at [email protected] or using the details provided on our 'Contact Us' page. We will use reasonable efforts to respond promptly to requests, questions or concerns you may have regarding our use of personal information about you. Except where required by law, TC Global cannot ensure a response to questions or comments regarding topics unrelated to this policy or Company's privacy practices.

By consenting to the terms under this Privacy Policy, you are expressly granting TC Global the right to collect, share, transfer, store, retain, disseminate or use the Personal Information/Usage Information collected by TC Global from your usage of the Site in accordance with the terms of the Privacy Policy. You may, at any time, withdraw consent for the collection or processing of Personal Information/Usage Information by sending an email to [email protected] . TC Global, shall within 72 hours delete or anonymize the data collected from you.

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us: By email: [email protected]

In the event of any grievances, user can contact the grievance officer at [email protected] or write to us at the following address: Zishan Siddiqui Grievance Officer The Chopras Global Holdings PTE Ltd No. 3 Shenton Way #10-05/06, Shenton House Singapore, 068805

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20 Cheapest Canadian Universities 2024

Published: 04 Feb 2021 Study Abroad 17,193 views

Are you looking for Cheap universities in Canada for international students 2024. This article contains 20 Cheapest Canadian Universities. The Most affordable universities in Canada you can study. These canadian universities has low tuition fees for international student.

Why do most international students prefer to study abroad? A few factors influencing this decision, comes to mind.

International students mainly go abroad to study, due to easy access to quality education, exposure to new cultures, better standard of living, and availability of jobs during and after studies.

However, of all those choice countries on the list for international students, Canada has to be one of the cheapest countries to study in.

Studying in Canada and getting a work permit and then a permanent residency is easier when you compare it to other countries. Another reason why international students choose Canada is because of its cheap tuition fees, and affordability.

Canada has quickly become a favourite for students from all over the world, and if you too are thinking about going to school in this country, we give you 20 cheapest Canadian universities you can choose from.

Content of Content

• Why study in Canada?
• 20 cheapest Canadian universities
• Table Showing 20 cheapest universities In Canada and their average school fees
• Bonus: Cheapest Colleges In Canada

Why Study In Canada?

Choosing Canada for studies, on one hand means that you can either enjoy studying in cheap colleges in Canada for international students, or learn in some of the cheapest universities in Canada for international students.

Wherever you find yourself studying, you should know that Canada is going to offer you the best, regardless of which school your are studying in.

Here are 5 solid reasons why you should study in Canada:

1. it's an affordable country.

Canada is more affordable to study in, when compared to other countries like United Kingdom or United States Of America.

2. A Reputation For Being The Best

Canada's reputation for having a solid standard of education, precedes it as it truly does have one of the best education systems in the world.

3. Easy Living

Living in Canada is easier than it is in other countries and you get along with the indigenes better.

4. Work As You Study

There are some countries that don't allow international students to work, but Canada offers you the opportunity to work as you study.

International students can work for up to 20 hours during semesters and full-time during winter break.

5. Lively Campuses

Canadian campuses are usually very lively and you get to meet a lot of interesting people there, plus the city is usually alive with events, fests, and other countries conducted thorough out campuses.

20 Cheap universities in canada for international students 2024

Table Showing 20 Cheapest Universities In Canada And Their Average School Fees

1	.Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN)	USD 8,150 / academic year
2	University College of the North (UCN)	USD 8,600 - 10,120 / academic year
3	St. Stephen’s University (SSU)	USD 8,400/academic year
4	Athabasca University	USD 8,515/academic year
5	Canadian Mennonite University (CMU)	USD 8,450/ academic year.
6	Brandon University	13,000  CAD
7	University Of Laval	17,000 CAD
8	University Of St. Boniface	22,400 CAD
9	University Of Saskatchewan	USD 16,500
10	Booth University College	USD 9,200/ academic year
11	Kingswood University	USD 9,550/academic year.
12	University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI)	From USD 9,650 - USD 47,200 / academic year
13	Atlantic School of Theology (AST)	USD 9,900/ academic year.
14	University of Manitoba	From USD 10,000 - USD 18,700 / academic year.
15	University of Winnipeg	From USD 10,100 to USD 12,500 per/ year.
16	Alberta University Of The Arts (AUArts)	USD 10,600/academic year
17	Royal Roads University A	3,750 – 27,600 CAD/year
18	Tyndale University	USD 11,300/academic year.
19	St. Thomas University (STU)	From USD 11,400 - USD 14,700/ academic year.
20	McMaster University	Masters starting at 7,710 CAD/year

The above table is a summary for the list of cheap universities in Canada for international students.

20 Cheapest Canadian Universities

Canada boasts some of the most budget friendly schools in the world for international students.

This section, primarily covers 20 of the most affordable universities in Canada for international students, how to apply for admission to them, and their average tuition fees.

If you have been confused for a while now on which schools in Canada you can afford, thankfully our list of cheap universities in Canada will help.

1. Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN)

Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) is currently the cheapest university in Canada for international students to study in, and pulls in about 3,000 international students each year, because of how affordable it is.

MUN is ranked between 701st and 750th position, for best universities in the QS World ranking.

This cheapest Canadian university is spread across seven faculties, six schools, more than 30 research centers, and four additional campuses. 

Average Tuition Fee

$8,150 / academic year

How To Apply To MUN

• Undergraduate
• Choose a program and campus.
• Review application deadlines
• Check the admission requirements
• Start your application

Additional information for application processes.

Memorial University Of Newfoundland undergraduate application.

• Choose your semester and check the deadlines
• Identify and collect all required application materials
• Submit your application

Additional information for graduate application process .

Memorial University Of Newfoundland graduate application .

2. University College of the North (UCN)

Next on our list of affordable universities in Canada is University College of the North. UCN rightfully made its way to our list as one of the low tuition fee universities in Canada.

Originating in 2004, UCN started out as a vocational center on 1966, and has grown to 2 campuses, 10 regional centres, five faculties of trades and technology, education, arts and science, business, and health, and offers 40 degree and non-degree programs.

University College of the North is located in Manitoba province.

  $8,600 - $10,120 / academic year.

How to apply for admission in ucn.

Have your valid student visa or permanent resident card.

• Buy health insurance before you arrive UCN and prior to registrating for the course.
• Health insurance purchased after arriving at University College of the North and must be purchased prior to course registration.
• Pay a non-refundable A fee of $158.00 + GSTm
• Meet the program requirements and deadlines before you apply.
• Complete all applications before submitting for processing, incomplete applications may result in rejection of the application. 

Additional information for international students' application process.

University College of the North international students application .

3. St. Stephen’s University (SSU)

St. Stephen’s University (SSU) is a private university located in a small town in New Brunswick, and is one of the universities in Canada for international students with low tuition fee.

SSU offers many study abroad opportunities to students, and enrols about 30 new students every year.

It offer, four Bachelor of Arts in humanities, international studies, psychology, and community engagement. St. Stephen’s University (SSU) also offers master degree programs in theology and culture, and different diplomas and certificates as well.

 USD 8,400/academic year.

How To Apply For Admission in SSU

Pay the application fee.

Click on the registration button to register and pay the application fee of $100.

Failure to pay the application fee, means that you will have to register again with a different email when a session expires.

SSU Undergraduate Application .

• Fill the form provided by St.Stephen's University.

SSU Graduate Application .

4. Athabasca University

Athabasca University, Alberta is another cheap Canada university for international students to study in in Canada. Athabasca gives students the option to attend distance or online education, and is actually one of the first Canadian universities to offer this type of learning to students.

Athabasca University has 5 faculties of health disciplines, science and technology, humanities and social sciences, business and graduate studies. All programs are taught online, thereby giving students access to a flexible study schedule and aspiring students to apply for courses any time or the year.

Average Tuition Fee  

$8,515/academic year., how to apply for admission in athabasca university.

• Undegraduate students only have to. apply once.
• After applying, you can register for courses.
• Register for AU courses on the 10th day of any month to resume your course on the 1st day of the next month.

AU Undergraduate Application .

• Consult the program’s website and try to learn the admission requirements, deadlines and English Language Proficiency requirements for various graduate programs.

Browse the list of graduate programs and select the one most suitable for you.

• Complete the graduate application form.

AU Graduate Application .

Additional admissions information for Athabasca University .

5. Canadian Mennonite University (CMU)

Canadian Mennonite University is one of the most affordable universities in Canada, you could comfortably study in.

CMU is a private university located in Manitoba and is split into five schools which offer over 20 undergraduate and graduate degree programs.

Average Tuition Fee : USD 8,450/ academic year.

How To Apply for Admission in CMU

• Be aware of Application Deadlines.
• Complete an Application Form.
• Pay $150 Application Fee (non-refundable).
• Submit Supporting Documentation.
• Include English Proficiency Exam Results.
• Receive Notification of Admission from CMU
• Apply for On-Campus Housing (if you hope to live on campus).
• Use your Acceptance Letter to Apply for a Study Permit.

CMU  application additional information .

CMU undergraduate application .

CMU graduate application .

6. Brandon University

Located in Manitoba, Canada, Brandon University is one of the cheap public universities in Canada which was established in 1889

Brandon University is an affiliate of (CUCCOA) Canadian University and College Conference Organizers Association, and trains an estimate of 3,000 students.

BU is one of the renowned universities of Canada which offers undergraduate, graduate, pre-professional and certificate programs in arts, business administration, education, fine arts, music, nursing, science, environmental science, and psychiatric nursing.

Average Tuition Fee : 13,000 (Canadian Dollars) CAD

How To Apply for Admission in BU

• Aspiring students should apply through the Brandon University application portal.
• You will be required to pay an application fee of CAD 138.
• Other requirements for admission include:
• Original documents as directed.
• Health insurance.
• A financial statement including the bank statement verifying resources to pay for total oneyear expenses in Canada.
• Student visa

Brandon University application information .

Brandon University application portal .

Brandon University undergraduate application information.

Brandon University graduate application information.

7. University Of Laval

The University Of Laval was the first French-Language university in North America, founded in 1663, when North America was still a French colony.

University of Laval is a public university, and also one of the low tuition fee universities in Canada. Now located in Quebec, this institution has become a renowned university in Canada, and has produced up to 312,000 graduates and has over 1,600 professors.

Average Tuition Fee : 17,000 CAD.

How to apply for admission in university of laval.

• Interested students should apply on the University of Laval application porta l or through a printable electronic form .
• Application fee: 89 CAD
• Basic Admission Requirements
• Work/life experience
• Letter of interest
• Research project proposal.
• Copy of transcripts from your university studies or additional studies undertaken after completing your preuniversity education.
• Copy of diplomas or degree certificates, once awarded, or official transcripts showing the name of the diploma received.
• 3 copies of the Report on the Applicant(compulsory for doctoral applicants but coursespecific for masters applicants)
• Proof of French language proficiency or English proficiency for English courses

University of Laval further application information .

8. University Of St. Boniface

University of St. Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba was established in 1818 by Father Norbert Provencher and happens to be the only French Language University in the entire province of Manitoba.

University of St. Boniface is a public institution, making it one of the cheapest universities in Canada for international students.

While this institute might have just officially received it's university status in the year 2011, it still maintained a reputable name in the list of coveted higher education institutes in Canada.

Average Tuition Fee: 22,400 CAD

How to apply for admission in university of st. boniface.

• Apply using any of the portals below:
• Undergraduate Portal
• Graduate Portal
• Application Fee: CAD 120
• Admission requirements depend on your program, going through your desired program can shed more light on this.
• Generally, the university requires the following documents:
• Original transcripts
• English Language Proficiency Test Scores: TOEFL, IELTS, CEFR, CLB, CanTest
• French Language Proficiency Test Scores: BI, TestCan, DELF All Public, DALF, TCF, TEF, TFI
• Professional Profile (if applicable to the program)
• Cover letters (if applicable to the program)
• Passport Copies

Note:  The university doesn't accept scanned document, so you either have to mail it to them, or drop it off in person.

9. University Of Saskatchewan

University of Saskatchewan (U of Sask) is a non-profit Canadian university founded in 1907, and is highly regarded as one of 15 leading research-intensive universities in Canada, offering an enriching research environment complete with state of the art facilities.

U of Sask is the only Canadian university to partner with Oxford University, it offers few highly demanded courses in disciplines like - Law, Engineering, and Nursing. We would like to point out that U of Sask is among the  cheap engineering universities in Canada.

The University of Saskatchewan's graduate courses are unmatched, and offers disciplines like MBA in Agriculture and MEng in Computer Science.

Average Tuition Fee : 16,500

How to apply for admission in university of saskatchewan.

• Create your login id and pin on the official website application portal .
• Choose your preferred application type Graduate (A) MPAcc program, Graduate (B) Fall Term start, Graduate (C) Winter Term start, Graduate (D) Spring Term start, Graduate (E) Non-Degree or Graduate (F) Joint Student.
• Add your name to the Application checklist.
• Pay a fee of 68 USD (non-refundable), to submit your application.
• Check your application summary and requirements checklist to see if your admission has been confirmed.

U Of Sask further application information .

10. Booth University College

Booth University College, Manitoba is a private Christian institution, affiliated to Salvation Army, a Christian international organisation, this is why they offer their students the option to study some semesters in other countries.

Booth University College is one of the cheapest colleges in Canada for international students, and offers programs in humanities, business, social work, and social sciences.

Average Tuition Fee: USD 9,200/ academic year

How To Apply for Admission in Booth University College

• Decide on a program.
• Review Booth University College’s entrance requirements.
• Apply to Booth University College (by April 16TH*)
• Arrange for official transcripts
• Accept offer of admission with A tuition deposit
• Apply for a study permit
• Attend a two-day orientation for international students

Booth University College application form .

11. Kingswood University

Kingswood University is perfect for international students who wish to pursue an educational program related to religion, as the school is affiliated to the Christian Church.

Kingswood University awards undergraduate and graduate degrees in areas like and graduate degrees in the areas of theology, evangelism and compassion ministry, ministry, and Christian school education. If you are interested in any of these courses, then you can study it a school that is among the affordable universities in Canada.

Kingswood University has two campuses in New Brunswick which house multiple student houses, and several sports facilities.

Average Tuition Fee: USD 9,550/academic year.  

How to apply for admission in kings university.

• Apply online
• Pay the application fee ($140 non-refundable fee)
• Submit your documents
• Await your admission letter if successful

Kings University application further information .

12. University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI)

Universities Of Prince Edward Island is the only university located in the province of Prince Edward, it is a public university which originated in 1804.

UPEI has seven faculties of business, sustainable design engineering, science, nursing, veterinary medicine, arts, and education, it also has three student residences, a sports complex, and a research institute.

Many programs at University Of Prince Edward typically costs between USD 9,650 and USD 16,650 per year,  making it among the top cheap universities in Canada. The only exception from cheap school fees at UPEI is programs in the fields of health, which cost up to USD 47,200.

Average Tuition Fee: From USD 9,650 - USD 47,200 / academic year.

How To Apply for Admission in UPEI

• Create a UPEI account
• Complete an online application
• Submit your UPEI application fee and completed application
• Submit your transcript and supporting documents
• Check your application status by logging into your account

UPEI additional information for application .

UPEI application website .

13. Atlantic School of Theology (AST)

The Atlantic School of Theology, Nova Scotia  is a public school which offers graduate degrees in both religious and non-religious to students from the two streams, and grants a Master of Arts in Religious Studies and Theology and a Master of Divinity as well.

This affordable Canadian university is among the best cheap universities in Canada and focuses on performing research at its centers too.

Average Tuition Fee : USD 9,900/ academic year.

How to apply for admission in ast.

• To apply to AST select the form you for the program you wish to study, and fill in accordingly.

These are further details for AST application .

14. University of Manitoba

Manitoba province houses several universities and colleges, including the University Of Manitoba which is the largest university in the province.

University Of Manitoba is ranked between the 601st and the 650th best universities according to the QS World University Ranking, it has almost 30,000 students and several education buildings throughout the region besides it's main campus.

The University Of Manitoba to students, offers 24 faculties in the areas of architecture, arts, science, education, humanities, ecology, as well as provides the opportunity for affordable studies, by being both a cheap and best university in Canada.

This Manitoba University is well-known for its faculty of medicine that has over 15 research institutes and 27 departments.

Average Tuition Fee: From USD 10,000 - USD 18,700 / academic year.

How to apply for admission in university of manitoba.

• Visit the university's application page.
• Select your intended program.

Further information on the University Of Manitoba application process .

15. University of Winnipeg

The University of Winnipeg is essentially a low cost university in Canada for international students. This university was established after different colleges were merged.

University of Winnipeg houses six colleges of education, arts, science, kinesiology and applied health, graduate studies, and business and economics. It also has three colleges, 12 research centers and institutes, an anthropology museum, an art gallery, and multiple student residences.

The University Of Winnipeg mainly offers undegraduate courses, being an undergraduate university, but out offers eight master degree programs.

Average Tuition Fee: From USD 10,100 to USD 12,500 per/ year.

How to apply for admission in university of winnipeg.

• Visit the University Of Winnipeg application portal
• Fill your details into the given form

Create an account and submit

University Of Winnipeg application form .

University Of Winnipeg admission requirements .

16. Alberta University Of The Arts (AUArts)

Alberta University of the Arts (AUArts) is a public university which offers degrees in various art and design fields such as - photography, print media, visual communication, ceramics, etc.

The Alberta University campus includes over 10 galleries for exhibiting student work within and outside the university.

When it comes to affordability, AUArts is one of the cheapest Canada universities to make our list.

Average Tuition Fee: USD 10,600/academic year.  

How to apply for admission in auarts.

• Fill the application form for Alberta University, and pay the application fee.
• Portfolio submission & supporting documents
• Official transcripts and English language proficiency documents

Application to Alberta University Of the Arts page.

17. Royal Roads University

Royal Roads University is celebrated and respected as both a military college and a public applied research university.

The programs offered at Royal Roads University equips you with the technique and tools you will depend the most on after graduation. This university is perfect for professionals as it offers a blended learning mode of both online and on-campus classes.

Royal Roads University awards degrees in courses like Education and Training, Humanities, Computer Science and IT, Engineering and Technology, Hospitality, Leisure, Sports and Law.

Additionally, Royal Roads is one university where you can acquire the cheapest LLM in Canada.

Average Tuition Fee: 3,750 – 27,600 CAD/year

How to apply for admission in  royal roads university.

• Select the program you want to study and the start date.
• Read the program’s admission and supporting document requirements.

The application entails :

• A nonrefundable application fee
• No need to finish the application all at once, just make sure you save your progress.
• Your official transcripts, and possibly other supporting documents, will need to be submitted separately after you have applied.
• Changes can't be made to submitted applications.
• Contact the Admissions Office if you need to add or change anything in your application.

Royal Roads University additional information for application processes .

Royal Roads application portal .

18. Tyndale University

Tyndale University is a Christian private university which awards undegraduate degrees in programs like education, religious education, business administration, philosophy, history, religious studies, English, etc.

Tyndale's graduate studies in theological studies, divinity, and a doctor of ministry, are offered at the Seminary. The university also awards various religion-related diplomas and certificates.

Tyndale University is one of the low cost university in Canada, due to its standard courses which are taught to students at an affordable tuition fee.

Average Tuition Fee: USD 11,300/academic year.  

How to apply for admission in tyndale university.

• The application process must be completed before the two main entry points: September (fall semester) and January (winter semester).

Tyndale University additional information for application processes .

Tyndale University application portal .

19. St. Thomas University (STU )

St. Thomas University (STU), New Brunswick is a public Catholic university with over 1,900 students, which is affiliated to the University of New Brunswick (UNB) because they share certain facilities.

STU's studies focus undegraduate education and degree programs include - multiple bachelors of arts, social work, education, and applied arts in more than 30 areas.

St. Thomas University is known for programs in criminology, human rights, journalism, and communication and public policy. Some of these fields are covered at STU's research center.

Average Tuition Fee: From USD 11,400 - USD 14,700/ academic year.

How to apply for admission in st. thomas university.

Create an profile / account on the application portal

Submit your application—admission by  October 1 when it opens.

Send your official documents to the university

St. Thomas University additional information for application processes .

St. Thomas University application portal .

20. McMaster University

Founded in 1887, McMaster University is 1 of the only 4 Canadian universities to be consistently ranked among the top 100 in the world by the major global ranking systems. McMaster is mentioned as Canada's most research-intensive, medical-doctoral university by Research Infosource in the years 2017 and 2018 respectively.

The McMaster model of teaching is a problem-based, student-centred approach to learning.

McMaster university offers Masters degree in Computer Science and IT, Engineering and Technology, Medicine and Health, Social Sciences, and Business and Management which is one of the cheapest course in Canada.

Average Tuition Fee - Masters starting at 7,710 CAD/year  

How to apply for admission in mcmaster university.

• Go through the admission requirements for international students, giving by McMaster University.
• Visit the application portal, and start your application.

McMaster University additional information for application processes.

McMaster University application portal .

The Cheapest Colleges In Canada For International Students

The focus of this article is to introduce you to 20 of the cheapest Canadian Universities, but we have included this part to give you more options of places you can study at an affordable rate, besides a university.

In this section, we are going to be listing out the cheapest colleges in Canada, where they are located, and how much their tuition fees are.

1. Algonquin College

Algonquin attracts international students to its gates, because it is one of the known cheap colleges in Canada due to its low tuition fee.

Algonquin college prides itself with giving quality education at a low tuition price.

Average Tuition Fee : $4,527 per term and $9,054 per year.

Algonquin College Application Link

2 . Seneca College

Seneca College, Toronto is on the list of  cheapest colleges in Toronto Canada for international students.

Seneca has campuses throughout Toronto and offers  various certificate, diploma, bachelor's, and postgraduate degrees.

Average Tuition Fee:   USD 7,262 (CAD 10,169)

Seneca College Application Link

Full Tuition Fees Details .

3. Bow Valley College

Bow Valley College, Alberta is a public comprehensive community institution established in 1965.

Bow Valley offers programs like - Business, Continuing Learning, Community Studies, Creative Technologies, Foundational Learning, Global Access, and Health & Wellness.

It's undergraduate tuition fee, starts from as low as $5,500 a year putting Bow Valley College on the list of cheap colleges in Alberta Canada for international students, if not the cheapest.

Average Fee: For Undergraduate Programs - 7,221 to 9,533 CAD ($5,525 to $7,294) a year.

Application Link Bow Valley College .

4. Camosun College

Camosun College is interested in developing the innovative side of students so that they excel in business and other managerial fields.

Camosun reserves 1000 slots or more every year for the international students who flock to it for studies, due to it being one of the affordable colleges in Canada for international students with a yearly tuition of $7000.

Average Tuition Fee: $7000 per year.

Camosun College Application Link .

International students applying for studies in Canada, will find this article exceptionally helpful when it comes to deciding which schools they want to study in in Canada and when they should start applying.

To reduce your search, we have narrowed the list of schools to cheap universities in Canada for international students 2024 as well as the cheapest colleges in Canada for international students.

Note that most of these universities and colleges are already accepting applications from international students for the year 2024, so hurry and start applying before the slots close.

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15 Cheapest Canadian Universities for International Students

One of the main problems international students have with studying in Canada is the perception that every university in Canada is expensive. This is an absolute myth that needs to be debunked. Canada has too many cheap universities.

If you couldn’t get a scholarship in Canada , and you “activated” your “Plan B” by looking for cheap Canadian universities , then this article is for you! These cheap Canadian universities are perfect for your undergraduate, master’s and doctoral degrees.

Please do keep in mind that these are tuition fees ONLY . The amounts shown below DOES NOT include expenses like textbooks and supplies, residence room, on-campus meals, and  medical insurance…

This list is ordered by Graduate tuition fees for international students :

1. Memorial University of Newfoundland

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $2,550 – $3,330
• Undergraduate International students :  $11,460 – $11,460
• Graduate Canadian students : $1,905 – $3,717
• Graduate International students : $3,222 – $4,833

2. University of Northern British Columbia

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $5,644 – $5,644
• Undergraduate International students : $22,461 – $22,461
• Graduate Canadian students : $3,499 – $3,499
• Graduate International students : $3,499 – $3,499

3. Simon Fraser University

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $5,994 – $5,994
• Undergraduate International students :  $26,822 – $30,552
• Graduate Canadian students :  $3,972 – $3,972
• Graduate International students : $3,972 – $3,972

4. Mount Allison University

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $9,440 – $9,440
• Undergraduate International students :  $19,040 – $19,040
• Graduate Canadian students : $5,010 – $5,010
• Graduate International students : $5,010 – $5,010

5. University of Saskatchewan

• Undergraduate Canadian students :$6,710 – $6,871
• Undergraduate International students : $20,131 – $20,614
• Graduate Canadian students : $2,982 – $2,982
• Graduate International students : $5,397 – $5,397

6. University of Waterloo

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $6,128 – $7,631
• Undergraduate International students : $31,683 – $42,520
• Graduate Canadian students : $3,504 – $4,508
• Graduate International students : $4,254 – $14,944

7. University of Guelph

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $5,893 – $6,091
• Undergraduate International students : $10,703 – $28,334
• Graduate Canadian students : $4,587 – $4,993
• Graduate International students : $5,650 – $15,684

8. McMaster University

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $5,955 – $6,043
• Undergraduate International students : $31,470 – $37,237
• Graduate Canadian students : $6,307 – $6,307
• Graduate International students : $6,037 – $17,096

9. University of Toronto

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $6,100 – $11,420
• Undergraduate International students : $39,560 – $60,150
• Graduate Canadian students : $6,210 – $10,350
• Graduate International students : $6,210 – $42,710

10. University of Calgary

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $6,166 – $6,166
• Undergraduate International students : $22,189 – $22,189
• Graduate Canadian students : $3,464 – $8,183
• Graduate International students : $8,081 – $19,634

11. University of Regina (excludes colleges)

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $6,983 – $7,403
• Undergraduate International students : $20,948 – $22,208
• Graduate Canadian students : $4,564 – $4,564
• Graduate International students : $8,282 – $8,282

12. The University of British Columbia

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $5,617 – $7,475
• Undergraduate International students : $34,276 – $41,156
• Graduate Canadian students :   $5,198 – $5,198
• Graduate International students :  $9,131 – $9,131

13. University of Prince Edward Island

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $6,450 – $6,450
• Undergraduate International students : $13,998 – $13,998
• Graduate Canadian students : $6,080 – $8,448
• Graduate International students : $9,850 – $15,996

14. University Montreal

• Undergraduate Canadian students : $2,725 – $8,506
• Undergraduate International students :  $24,608 – $24,608
• Graduate Canadian students :  $2,725 – $8,506
• Graduate International students :  $16,751 – $18,662

15. University Laval

• Undergraduate International students :  $19,916 – $21,297
• Graduate Canadian students : $2,725 – $8,506
• Graduate International students :   $16,751 – $19,916

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• Doctor of Philosophy in Law (PhD)
• Graduate School
• Prospective Students
• Graduate Degree Programs

Canadian Immigration Updates

Applicants to master’s and doctoral degrees are not affected by the recently announced cap on study permits. Review more details

Go to programs search

The PhD in Law is designed to provide advanced training for outstanding graduate students who have already obtained a Master of Laws (LLM) degree or its equivalent. The PhD is a research-intensive degree that prepares graduates for opportunities in law teaching, legal research, policy development, public and governmental service, and the practice of law.

The degree requirements include course work, comprehensive exams, a dissertation proposal and defence, a dissertation, and an oral dissertation exam. Working closely with a supervising faculty member, a student in the PhD program is expected to produce a book-length piece of original legal scholarship and of publishable quality.

The PhD provides an opportunity for focused study in a chosen field of law. It does not, of itself, qualify a holder for entry to the legal profession in British Columbia or any other certification for legal practice.

For specific program requirements, please refer to the departmental program website

I pursued my graduate studies at UBC to integrate my passions for law, learning, and teaching into a research project that could be of real benefit to legal scholarship and Canadians.

Jason Leslie

Quick Facts

Program Enquiries

Admission information & requirements, 1) check eligibility, minimum academic requirements.

The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies establishes the minimum admission requirements common to all applicants, usually a minimum overall average in the B+ range (76% at UBC). The graduate program that you are applying to may have additional requirements. Please review the specific requirements for applicants with credentials from institutions in:

• Canada or the United States
• International countries other than the United States

Each program may set higher academic minimum requirements. Please review the program website carefully to understand the program requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission as it is a competitive process.

English Language Test

Applicants from a university outside Canada in which English is not the primary language of instruction must provide results of an English language proficiency examination as part of their application. Tests must have been taken within the last 24 months at the time of submission of your application.

Minimum requirements for the two most common English language proficiency tests to apply to this program are listed below:

TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language - internet-based

Overall score requirement : 100

IELTS: International English Language Testing System

Overall score requirement : 7.0

Other Test Scores

Some programs require additional test scores such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Test (GMAT). The requirements for this program are:

The GRE is not required.

Prior degree, course and other requirements

Prior degree requirements.

Completion of either an LLB or JD and a Masters degree.

Document Requirements

Additionally to the required documents please submit: C.V. or resume Dissertation Proposal: PhD degrees in the Allard School of Law at UBC are dissertation-based degrees involving original research. Dissertation (PhD) proposals form an important part of the admissions process and help to guide the assignment of supervisors and supervisory committees. A proposal should outline a research project that could reasonably lead to a dissertation that makes an original scholarly contribution in the chosen field of legal study. The PhD dissertation proposal is approximately 10 pages (2,500 words), excluding bibliography. Clarity of expression is important. Please upload your thesis proposal under "Writing Sample". List of possible thesis supervisors: All applicants must submit a list indicating your first and second choice for a thesis supervisor, this list should be uploaded to your application form. There is no need to secure a thesis supervisor nor is it is necessary to contact potential thesis supervisors prior to submission of an application as many faculty members prefer that applications are referred by the Graduate Committee for their review.

2) Meet Deadlines

3) prepare application, transcripts.

All applicants have to submit transcripts from all past post-secondary study. Document submission requirements depend on whether your institution of study is within Canada or outside of Canada.

Letters of Reference

A minimum of three references are required for application to graduate programs at UBC. References should be requested from individuals who are prepared to provide a report on your academic ability and qualifications.

Statement of Interest

Many programs require a statement of interest , sometimes called a "statement of intent", "description of research interests" or something similar.

Supervision

Students in research-based programs usually require a faculty member to function as their thesis supervisor. Please follow the instructions provided by each program whether applicants should contact faculty members.

Instructions regarding thesis supervisor contact for Doctor of Philosophy in Law (PhD)

Citizenship verification.

Permanent Residents of Canada must provide a clear photocopy of both sides of the Permanent Resident card.

4) Apply Online

All applicants must complete an online application form and pay the application fee to be considered for admission to UBC.

Research Information

Research facilities.

Allard Hall, the home of the Peter A. Allard School of Law, was opened in 2011. The latest technology connects the Faculty with campuses, courthouses and offices around the world, and a new, state-of-the-art UBC Law Library serves as a vital academic hub for students and the legal community. Natural light, contemporary classroom designs, expanded student service spaces, a student forum space at the centre of the building, and new research spaces are all part of the new facility. The Law Library has a research collection of approximately 225,000 volumes.

Tuition & Financial Support

Fees	Canadian Citizen / Permanent Resident / Refugee / Diplomat	International
	$114.00	$168.25
Tuition *
Installments per year	3	3
Tuition	$1,838.57	$3,230.06
Tuition (plus annual increase, usually 2%-5%)	$5,515.71	$9,690.18
Int. Tuition Award (ITA) per year ( )		$3,200.00 (-)
Other Fees and Costs
(yearly)	$1,116.60 (approx.)
	Estimate your with our interactive tool in order to start developing a financial plan for your graduate studies.

Financial Support

Applicants to UBC have access to a variety of funding options, including merit-based (i.e. based on your academic performance) and need-based (i.e. based on your financial situation) opportunities.

Program Funding Packages

From September 2024 all full-time students in UBC-Vancouver PhD programs will be provided with a funding package of at least $24,000 for each of the first four years of their PhD. The funding package may consist of any combination of internal or external awards, teaching-related work, research assistantships, and graduate academic assistantships. Please note that many graduate programs provide funding packages that are substantially greater than $24,000 per year. Please check with your prospective graduate program for specific details of the funding provided to its PhD students.

Average Funding

• 1 student received Teaching Assistantships valued at $1,054.
• 2 students received Research Assistantships. Average RA funding based on 2 students was $6,313.
• 10 students received Academic Assistantships. Average AA funding based on 10 students was $4,505.
• 20 students received internal awards. Average internal award funding based on 20 students was $20,705.
• 8 students received external awards. Average external award funding based on 8 students was $20,750.

Scholarships & awards (merit-based funding)

All applicants are encouraged to review the awards listing to identify potential opportunities to fund their graduate education. The database lists merit-based scholarships and awards and allows for filtering by various criteria, such as domestic vs. international or degree level.

Graduate Research Assistantships (GRA)

Many professors are able to provide Research Assistantships (GRA) from their research grants to support full-time graduate students studying under their supervision. The duties constitute part of the student's graduate degree requirements. A Graduate Research Assistantship is considered a form of fellowship for a period of graduate study and is therefore not covered by a collective agreement. Stipends vary widely, and are dependent on the field of study and the type of research grant from which the assistantship is being funded.

Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTA)

Graduate programs may have Teaching Assistantships available for registered full-time graduate students. Full teaching assistantships involve 12 hours work per week in preparation, lecturing, or laboratory instruction although many graduate programs offer partial TA appointments at less than 12 hours per week. Teaching assistantship rates are set by collective bargaining between the University and the Teaching Assistants' Union .

Graduate Academic Assistantships (GAA)

Academic Assistantships are employment opportunities to perform work that is relevant to the university or to an individual faculty member, but not to support the student’s graduate research and thesis. Wages are considered regular earnings and when paid monthly, include vacation pay.

Financial aid (need-based funding)

Canadian and US applicants may qualify for governmental loans to finance their studies. Please review eligibility and types of loans .

All students may be able to access private sector or bank loans.

Foreign government scholarships

Many foreign governments provide support to their citizens in pursuing education abroad. International applicants should check the various governmental resources in their home country, such as the Department of Education, for available scholarships.

Working while studying

The possibility to pursue work to supplement income may depend on the demands the program has on students. It should be carefully weighed if work leads to prolonged program durations or whether work placements can be meaningfully embedded into a program.

International students enrolled as full-time students with a valid study permit can work on campus for unlimited hours and work off-campus for no more than 20 hours a week.

A good starting point to explore student jobs is the UBC Work Learn program or a Co-Op placement .

Tax credits and RRSP withdrawals

Students with taxable income in Canada may be able to claim federal or provincial tax credits.

Canadian residents with RRSP accounts may be able to use the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) which allows students to withdraw amounts from their registered retirement savings plan (RRSPs) to finance full-time training or education for themselves or their partner.

Please review Filing taxes in Canada on the student services website for more information.

Cost Estimator

Applicants have access to the cost estimator to develop a financial plan that takes into account various income sources and expenses.

Career Outcomes

24 students graduated between 2005 and 2013: 1 is in a non-salaried situation; for 1 we have no data (based on research conducted between Feb-May 2016). For the remaining 22 graduates:

Sample Employers in Higher Education

Sample employers outside higher education, sample job titles outside higher education, phd career outcome survey, alumni on success.

Craig Bateman

Job Title Copy editor, legal researcher, and writing consultant

Employer Self employed

Robert Russo

Job Title Lecturer

Employer Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia

Enrolment, Duration & Other Stats

These statistics show data for the Doctor of Philosophy in Law (PhD). Data are separated for each degree program combination. You may view data for other degree options in the respective program profile.

ENROLMENT DATA

	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
Applications	54	57	72	41	63
Offers	7	6	7	7	7
New Registrations	3	5	7	5	7
Total Enrolment	40	40	40	41	40

Completion Rates & Times

Upcoming doctoral exams, monday, 9 september 2024 - 9:00am.

• Research Supervisors

This list shows faculty members with full supervisory privileges who are affiliated with this program. It is not a comprehensive list of all potential supervisors as faculty from other programs or faculty members without full supervisory privileges can request approvals to supervise graduate students in this program.

• Affolder, Natasha (International Environmental Law, Biodiversity Law, Law and Sustainability)
• Ahmad, Hassan (transnational tort law; interaction of domestic jurisdiction and liability principles with international law; business and human rights law; Law and political economy)
• Aloni, Erez (Law and legal practice; Law; Contracts; family law; law and sexuality)
• Arbel, Efrat (Law and legal practice; Law; Constitutional law; Gender and Law; Legal and Critical Theory; Prison Law and Policy; Refugee Law; Tort Law)
• Bakan, Joel Conrad (Constitutional Law, Legal Theory, Socio-Legal Studies)
• Benedet, Janine (Law and legal practice; Penal Law; Labor Standards and Laws; Human Rights and Liberties, Collective Rights; prostitution and pornography; sexual abuse of girls; sexual harassment in employment and education; sexual violence against women)
• Beswick, Samuel Peter (Private law; Common law; Comparative law; Torts, private obligations and product liability law; Legal theory, jurisprudence and legal interpretation; Law; Law and time; Limitations; Remedies; Tort Law; Restitution and unjust enrichment; Public authority liability)
• Bhandar, Brenna (Law and legal practice; property law)
• Biukovic, Ljiljana (Adaptation of international legal norms by national governments, the impact of regionalism on multilateral trade negotiations and the development of European Union Law,European union Law, International Trade Law, International Dispute Resolution, E-commerce, Comparative Law )
• Cheng, Jie (Comparative Constitutional Law; Chinese Law and Governance; Hong Kong and Macau Basic Laws; Land Property Law; Information Law)
• Christie, Gordon (Legal Theory, and trans-cultural tort law, Aboriginal law, Indigenous legal orders, Indigenous legal theory, Legal Theory and trans-cultural tort law)
• Clifford, Robert (Aboriginal and Indigenous law)
• Cui, Wei (Law and legal practice; Taxation; Law; Social Organization and Political Systems; Chinese administrative law; Chinese legislative system; law and development; Law and political economy; tax and development; tax policy)
• Cunliffe, Emma (Women and the law, evidence, experts, courts and media, open justice, pathology and law, criminal law, SIDS, child homicide )
• Dauvergne, Catherine (Immigration, Immigration Law, Refugee Law, Legal Theory, Globalization)
• Duff, David (Tax Law Tax Policy Environmental Taxation Charities, Tax law and policy, environmental taxation, comparative and international taxation, and distributive justice)
• Etxabe, Julen (Law and society; Literature and critical theory; History and philosophy of law and justice; Law and humanities; Legal Theory and Jurisprudence; Human Rights; Political Theory; Law and literature; Cultural Studies)
• Flynn, Alexandra (Law and society; Municipal Law; Local Governance; property law; Administrative Law; Experiential legal education; Socio-Legal Studies; Law & Cities)
• Ford, Cristie (Law and legal practice; Law; Regulation; Social, Economical and Political Impacts of Innovations; Laws, Standards and Regulation Impacts; Administrative Law; Ideological, Political, Economical and Social Environments of Social Transformations; Financial innovation and fintech; financial regulation; Legal innovation and law tech; regulation & governance theory; securities regulation; the legal profession; Innovation and the law)
• Goldbach, Toby Susan (Law and legal practice; Political Culture, Society and Ideology; Procedural Law; Jurisprudence; Comparative Law; Dispute Resolution; Judicial Politics; law and development)
• Goold, Benjamin (Law and legal practice; Law; Border Studies; Criminal Justice; Human Rights; migration; Privacy; security)
• Gordon, Sara (Law and legal practice; Intersection of psychology and mental health with the criminal justice system; Criminal law and criminal justice; Health law and policy; Legal methodology and interdisciplinary approaches)
• Grant, Isabel (Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, Psychiatry and Law)
• Harris, Douglas (Property law (except intellectual property law); Canadian history; property law; condominium law; legal history; Law & Cities)
• Hastie, Bethany (Labour & Employment Law, Human Rights, Socio-Legal Studies, Access to Justice)

Doctoral Citations

Year	Citation
2024	Dr. Odionu's research focused on innovative international investment law reform approaches emerging from Africa. Drawing on those approaches, he developed a Global South-oriented reform framework that integrates foreign investment, sustainable development, and climate action. His findings present implications for the fight against climate change.
2023	Dr. Leslie examined how the Canadian federal government implements mortgage securitization in Canada. He found that the government provides support to banks and investors and takes risks affecting the Canadian public without meaningful public oversight. His research will assist in developing sound housing finance policy going forward.
2023	Dr. Nosek showed how corporations have leveraged a multi-pronged strategy to simultaneously expand their reach over public discourse on climate change while undermining important checks on influence over discourse, like public protest and government enforcement actions for false and misleading speech.
2022	Dr. Bateman examined the decision of the Roman Emperor Constantine to legislate Bishops into the role of judges in the Roman state. He argues that Constantine did this because of his first hand experience with bishops sitting on a panel of judges with them, and due to the fact the emperor wanted to rid the Roman courts of corruption.
2022	Dr. Maharaj's work examines the law on mitigation of damages for breach of contract by establishing a robust framework that explains how the doctrine applies, why it applies, when it applies, and what it actually demands of contracting parties in practice. It will benefit judges, legal counsels, and the wider scholarly community in private law.
2022	Dr. Ponomarenko studied the requirements the government must meet to justify a limitation of a Charter right. Currently, there is no judicial consensus on when these requirements must be strict and when they can be relaxed. Her dissertation examines this undertheorized body of jurisprudence and provides it with a principled theoretical basis.
2022	Dr. Aikenhead examined the Canadian criminal justice response to technology-facilitated intimate partner violence (TFIPV) through a review of recent case law. She identified concerns and gaps in the legal response from a feminist perspective. Her proposed legislative and policy reforms will assist victims of TFIPV in accessing justice.
2022	The law of negligence claims to deter accidental wrongdoers from causing harm. The mixed doctrinal and qualitative research in this dissertation suggest that in the law of negligence in Canada, deterrence is largely illusory. Potential wrongdoers are so well protected by liability insurance that there is little inclination to avoid causing harm.
2021	Dr. Sankey studied legal processes developed by Squamish Nation for land use planning and environmental assessment of natural gas projects. Her research finds that in developing policy aimed at reconciliation, Canadian governments will learn much by shifting their focus away from principles of consultation defined by Canadian courts, toward processes for achieving consent established by Indigenous nations.
2021	Dr. Dzah studied how Africa influences and is influenced by the concept of sustainable development. He argued that ethics and customary and Indigenous norms can revitalise the legal dimensions of this concept. He proposed ecological law as a new way to theorise and implement sustainable development and to reorganise links between society and nature.

Sample Thesis Submissions

• Sustainable development : Africa's hidden and not-so-hidden contribution to its law, politics, and history
• Africanization of international investment law : reconciling sustainable development, climate action, and foreign investment in the global south
• Rethinking the Antarctic governance and legal framework through the creation of an international legal framework for mining operations in Antarctica
• Overlapping criminal offences and gendered violence : what is overlap and when is it part of the problem of overcriminalisation?
• Climate discourse polluted : a cumulative effects analysis of the fossil fuel industry’s tactics to influence public discourse
• The financialization of housing in Canada and federally-backed mortgage securitization : public risks, private benefits
• Bishops on the bench : why Constantine legislated Christian bishops into the role of judges

Related Programs

Same specialization.

• Juris Doctor (JD)
• LLM - Master of Laws (Common Law) (LLMCL)
• LLM - Master of Laws (LLM)
• LLM in Taxation (LLMT)

Further Information

Specialization, ubc calendar, program website, faculty overview, academic unit, program identifier, classification, social media channels, supervisor search.

Departments/Programs may update graduate degree program details through the Faculty & Staff portal. To update contact details for application inquiries, please use this form .

Terri-Lynn Williams-Davidson, KC

I am Indigenous to this Province. I live in Haida Gwaii and on the territory of the Semiahmoo Nation. UBC is ideal for the location, and because it facilitates ongoing connections with my nation and homeland of Haida Gwaii.

Oludolapo Makinde

Haley Hrymak

Many of the academics I admire and look up to are at UBC. UBC is the ideal place for my work given my focus on BC, my supervisors’ skillsets, and my connection to the legal community and anti-violence sector across BC. I am also very thankful for the funding UBC has offered me to complete my...

Melanie McPhail

Growing up in the Vancouver area, I was thrilled at the opportunity of continuing my graduate studies close to home after spending over a decade in Ontario. Additionally, studying at UBC provides me with the opportunity to work with Dr. Cristie Ford, a leading scholar in regulatory governance.

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• 09 July 2024

Canada just hiked PhD and postdoc pay — here’s how to get your country to do it, too

• Kaitlin Kharas 0

Kaitlin Kharas is executive director of Support Our Science and a PhD candidate at the University of Toronto, Canada.

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

You have full access to this article via your institution.

Graduate students and postdoctoral scholars often struggle to make ends meet, despite playing a crucial part in driving research and innovation. The cost-of-living crisis, which took root in many countries in late 2021, has worsened the situation.

Respondents to a November 2022 Nature survey of early-career academics reported sometimes having to get groceries from food banks. Despite this, most governments have not significantly revised the value of scholarships or postdoctoral remuneration. In Canada, where I am a PhD candidate, federal funding for scholarships and fellowships had remained stagnant for more than 20 years.

But that changed in April 2024, when the Canadian government announced an extra Can$2.6 billion (US$1.9 billion) for graduate student and postdoctoral compensation in its budget. The funding nearly doubled the value of federal scholarships and fellowships, and sets a new benchmark for students not directly covered by federal awards. This drastic change in government policy is, in large part, the product of a grass-roots activism campaign that I lead, called Support Our Science (SOS). Students in other parts of the world could use our methods to achieve similar results.

First, collective organization is key. Our biggest mistake was thinking that one-off, high-profile meetings would create impact. We quickly learnt that individuals talking in isolation, even to those with decision-making power, such as Members of Parliament (MPs), would be unsuccessful. This early lesson led to the formation of SOS. Although we developed a formal organization, with an executive council and a board of directors, it can be helpful to keep the structure informal in the beginning; simplicity encourages inclusion and wider sharing of responsibilities. Whatever the structure, the campaign needs a memorable name to capture the attention of politicians and the wider public.

Second, settle on a simple, repeatable message and a set of actionable recommendations early on. For us, this was increasing the value and number of scholarships and fellowships and tying remuneration to the prevailing inflation rate. Once a consensus is achieved, it’s important to stay laser-focused on the message and repeat, repeat, repeat. The more successful the campaign becomes, the more likely it is to be pulled in different directions. We refrained from taking on provincial or institute-level issues and stayed focused on the federal government, because we felt this had the potential to create the biggest impact.

It is also important to shape the talking points around the language of the government and its current priorities. In the Canadian context, our campaign focused on making life affordable for young people; the role of financing in ensuring that research training remains accessible to a diverse cross section of society; and the need for Canada to attract and retain top talent. The messaging can vary depending on what resonates in each country.

Third, relay the message in as many ways as possible. Only with a large and consistent volume of e-mails, phone calls, social-media posts and petitions will policymakers start to take notice. We began with an open letter to the government that amassed nearly 7,000 signatures, including those of several well-regarded Canadian scientists.

We then launched four MP-sponsored petitions to the Canadian House of Commons and campaigns by e-mail, phone and Twitter (now X) — all timed to garner attention during crucial budget-decision periods in the parliamentary cycle. We created a page on our website where a graduate student, postdoc, tenured faculty member or supporter could send a personalized message to their local MP or the prime minister and other key ministers.

A key turning point for our movement was the nationwide walkout on 1 May 2023, born out of the disappointment of not receiving any funds in the 2023 budget. More than 10,000 researchers from 46 Canadian institutions took part, and the media covered the protest extensively .

Fourth, make connections and build trust. It’s important to be stubborn and not get discouraged when the big meetings don’t happen right away. In the long run, gaining the trust of local parliamentarians, key ministerial staff and departmental policy advisers gave us the opportunity to be a part of ongoing conversations and to have a seat at the table when decisions were eventually made.

Collaborating with players outside academia and government is important, too. Research institutes, hospitals, companies and charities all have advocacy groups representing their interests. As academics, we had relatively little expertise of government relations, and like-minded advocacy organizations kindly provided advice. Along with 11 research lobbying groups, SOS formed the Coalition for Canadian Research in 2023 and aligned on one set of recommendations. A clear, actionable path from the entire research community is more likely to be successful with the government than is a mosaic of varied recommendations.

For any graduate student or postdoc thinking of engaging in advocacy, I’d say: go for it! The scale of the challenge can feel overwhelming, but if we succeeded in Canada, then it’s possible to do so elsewhere, too. The collective voices of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars are too powerful to be ignored.

Nature 631 , 256 (2024)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-02227-6

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Home prices to rise 9% this year, despite uncertainty over rate cuts, Royal LePage says

Prices increase 1.9 per cent in second quarter even as number of properties bought and sold sag

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Article content

The national aggregate home price rose again in the second quarter and is expected to increase further by the end of the year, real estate firm Royal LePage said.

Home prices to rise 9% this year, despite uncertainty over rate cuts, Royal LePage says Back to video

The aggregate price of a home in Canada rose 1.9 per cent year over year to $824,300 in the second quarter of 2024, up 1.5 per cent over the first quarter, according to the house price survey Royal LePage released on Thursday.

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The increase comes despite a slowdown in activity in the country’s most expensive markets. Toronto and Vancouver reported slower-than-usual market activity in the spring as inventory grew.

The national aggregate home price remains well above pre-pandemic levels, with the second quarter showing an increase of 30.8 per cent over the same period in 2019, said Royal LePage.

Among major regions, Quebec City recorded the highest year-over-year aggregate price increase, up 10.4 per cent.

“Nationally, home prices rose while the number of properties bought and sold sagged; an unusual dynamic,” said Royal LePage chief executive Phil Soper. “Canada’s housing market is struggling to find a consistent rhythm, as the last three months clearly demonstrated.”

Soper noted that inventory levels in many regions have climbed materially, which he described as the closest it’s been to a balanced market in several years.

Sales activity in the Greater Toronto Area was unseasonably low this spring, said Royal LePage chief operating officer, Karen Yolevski. Almost all of the price appreciation in the region occurred in the first quarter, followed by a virtual flatline.

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New listings are up double digits compared to last year, and active listings are the highest they’ve been in more than a decade, she said.

Yolevsk i a d d e d that act i v i ty has slowe d across all segments an d hous i ng types, not only i n the resale market, but i n pre-construct i on as well.  

Despite the Bank of Canada ’s move to cut the overnight lending rate last month, buyers did not immediately rush back to the market as initially expected, Royal LePage said.

Soper said that when the first rate cut finally occurred in early June, “market response was tepid.” The quarter-point cut, he said, unsurprisingly didn’t substantially improve the affordability picture.

Further interest rate cuts are required to increase purchasing power and improve consumer confidence, the firm said. Lower rates would mean lower monthly payments, open i ng the d oor to some fam i l i es prev i ously shut out of the market.

Earlier this year, a survey conducted by Leger on behalf of Royal LePage found that 51 per cent of sidelined homebuyers said they would resume their search if interest rates reversed.

“Once consumers regain the confidence to re-enter the market – likely following several more interest rate cuts – this boost in supply will be a welcome improvement to market conditions,” said Yolevski.

• Mortgage seekers need a good broker. Here's how to find one

Royal LePage maintained its national year-end forecast, with prices expected to increase nine per cent in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter last year.

Nationally, home prices will see continued moderate price appreciation throughout the second half of the year, the company forecasted.

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There is trouble brewing in RV country

Howard levitt: canadian workplaces are full of joe bidens, 'good luck getting a seat': that's the message to canadians looking to fly this summer, wave of hudson's bay temporary store closures hints at signs of stress: retail experts, posthaste: canada's housing obsession feeding into productivity slump, report says.

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Canada is facing a housing-affordability crisis even more severe than the US's housing woes. But its federal government is starting to aggressively throw its weight behind fixing the home shortage.

Like the American federal government, Canada's national government doesn't have a lot of control over housing policy. Instead, provincial and municipal governments create land-use policies and control building and demand-side subsidies that shape the housing landscape.

Despite the federal government's limited control over housing policy, it's gotten a lot of the blame for skyrocketing costs, said Mike Moffatt, a senior director at the Smart Prosperity Institute at the University of Ottawa. That public sentiment pushed officials in Ottawa to warm to a more hands-on approach. "Canadians just want to be able to afford a home — they don't really care about the intricacies of constitutional law," Moffatt said.

So last year, the federal government launched an initiative — the Housing Accelerator Fund — that incentivizes local governments to legalize denser housing construction, including by mass transit, and otherwise stimulate more home building. In exchange, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party have opened up billions of dollars in infrastructure funding — from water to transit — to support that new housing.

The program pushes provinces and cities to create more pro-housing policies, including ending single-family zoning, loosening restrictions on how tall and close together residential buildings can be, opening up government land for housing, and eliminating parking mandates. The federal government first made deals directly with all the country's major cities, which the government estimates will allow 750,000 more homes to be permitted than otherwise would have been.

In April, Trudeau announced an additional $5 billion in infrastructure grants for provinces and territories that implement pro-housing policies, including legalizing "missing-middle" homes. Those include medium-density housing like duplexes, triplexes, and small apartment buildings. The most recent push is part of Trudeau's larger housing plan, which aims to get 3.9 million new homes built by 2031 .

Overall, the federal push has already been quite successful in changing the housing-policy landscape across the country, Moffatt said. For example, as a result of their deals with the government, all of the major cities now allow at least four units to be built on single-family lots. Certain provinces, such as British Columbia, have been much more willing to push pro-housing policies. Local governments in places like Ontario and Alberta have put up more of a fight. However, the approach creates some political cover for policymakers facing antihousing constituencies.

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"Uptake hasn't been universal, but overall it's been quite strong," Moffatt said. "We have seen some municipal changes that, even 20 months ago, I would have said were highly, highly unlikely."

But just because denser housing is legal doesn't mean it will get built. Building missing-middle housing and other more-affordable homes needs to be attractive to developers. And with home-construction costs way up, that's a steeper ask, said Matti Siemiatycki, who heads the Infrastructure Institute at the University of Toronto's School of Cities. "With the rising interest rates, with rising construction costs, a lot of the product that used to be financed is now becoming much harder," he said.

City governments have long been "biased towards homeowners and not towards renters," Moshe Lander, a Concordia University economist, told Business Insider late last year , and support policies that limit home building and keep home values elevated.

Like in the US, the housing-affordability crisis in Canada is driven by a lack of housing and rising demand. Over the past several years, an influx of immigrants , rampant investor speculation, and rapidly rising construction costs have also sent prices up. The average home value in Canada has more than doubled since 2011 . Rents are up more than 20% over the past two years. And a ballooning number of Canadians are spending more than they can afford on housing.

At this point, most of Canada's housing landscape looks like California's supply-starved and deeply unaffordable market.

"The difference is that California makes up about 12% or 13% of the United States, whereas Ontario and BC combined are over half," Moffatt said. "Half to two-thirds of the country is unaffordable."

Siemiatycki said there had been a "subtle but noticeable change" in how Canadians view residential density. Many homeowners who previously opposed densification are starting to realize that "even if it's not them that rising prices and skyrocketing impact, it might be their children, or their colleagues, or their elders," he said.

Pro-housing policies are increasingly popular across Canada's ideological spectrum. The federal opposition leader, Pierre Poilievre of the Conservative Party, says Trudeau's government hasn't gone far enough and has proposed his own plan , which would require cities to increase the number of new homes built by 15% each year or lose out on federal grant money. It would also impose a fine on cities that tolerate "NIMBY" — the antidevelopment "not in my backyard" philosophy — opposition to housing construction.

Under President Joe Biden's 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the US federal government is providing states and cities across the country with hundreds of billions of dollars in funding for transportation and other infrastructure projects. Some American fans of Canada's Housing Accelerator Fund suggest it could be a model for US efforts to incentivize denser and more abundant housing construction.

Correction — July 3, 2024: An earlier version of this story misspelled the names of Moshe Lander and Mike Moffatt.

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