bsc to phd

A Complete Roadmap for Degree to PhD

A journey from degree to PhD is full of hurdles and obstacles. One has to do many things starting from competitive exams to presenting the thesis. However, the journey indeed starts from the master’s.

PhD is the utmost esteem to a person henceforth don’t think it is easy to get! It’s a complicated academic process and one has to face problems, deal with stress & frustration and failures. And including me, everyone has faced these problems during their research tenure.

Nonetheless, it’s not always a case, you can do better if you follow some rules, a blueprint or a kind of roadmap that actually needed. The present article is a kind of “roadmap from degree to PhD” that I think helps you to better understand the process but before going into the topic,

Let’s first introduce a PhD. 

The PhD is known as a doctor of philosophy and renowned as the highest level of academic honor. It can be given to any student of any subject. Once someone completes their PhD, they can use the prefix “Dr” and be known as a doctor of their subject. 

A PhD person can become a research scientist or academician which probably are two evergreen, popular and suitable options with a decent amount of earnings. Notedly, a doctor in science earns more than any other doctorate.

Read further: Life after PhD- doctor of philosophy .

Pre-admission process: 

Phd admission: , post admission process: , the phd tenure: , requirement for degree to phd: , time duration for degree to phd: , conclusion:, a roadmap for a degree to phd: .

To start anything, people always wonder where to start! And so it’s a question here also! Where to start for a degree to PhD. First, make sure you have completed your master’s degree or M Phil, or you are sure about it. Now start preparing for PhD. See getting admission into PhD is a lengthy and time-consuming process. 

Even after getting admission, you have to complete so many formalities to actually get into PhD. So for that understand the PhD about the process, admission, criteria and requirements from your degree. It will eventually help you to get the doctorate smoothly.  

How to start? We are dividing the roadmap into several milestones to understand it properly. 

Process of Degree to PhD- milestones

• Pre-admission process 
• Admission process 
• Post admission process 
• The PhD tenure. 

In this section, we will understand what are the requirements for admission. key things needed in the post-admission phage, important takeaways for you as a PhD student and how to clear the PhD smoothly.

First, you need a master’s degree, with decent credentials, for instance, in India minimum criteria for applying is 55% which is compulsory. If you are sure about getting the honor, do not wait for notifications or examinations, immediately contact some expert, your professor or guide and start preparing a PhD project.

Start with an idea, do literature research and note things. Keep in mind to choose a topic as per your interest and knowledge. Look, the PhD project is the key thing that makes you stand above all! Make your entire research work ready before your admission. Decide which subject and topic you wish to do research on, the running title of your PhD, methods and techniques and other related things. 

This article will help you surely: Designing a PhD Project from Scrap to Craft .

Some universities conduct an entrance exam while others allot students directly to the PhD based on their PhD project, merits of masters and personal interview.

The next thing is to select a university or college or place to do a PhD and the supervisor obviously. These have been done before admission, keep in mind. Even if you have completed the entrance exam and no PhD supervisor is ready to take you, you can’t do PhD, it’s a harsh fact! So immediately contact the PhD supervisor associated with the university with whom you wish to do PhD. 

In this, your PhD project helps you a lot and will prepare a positive image of yours, because ultimately newbies don’t know these things at all. Now, you can contact them on LinkedIn or email them your Project, meet them and show your research interest. A guide will definitely take interest in you. We have covered an amazing article on how to select a PhD guide, you can read it here: How to become a PhD guide .

Meanwhile, you can prepare for entrance exams. Once A PhD guide will be ready to take you under them! Your admission will be almost stamped. 

So during the pre-admission phase: 

• Prepare a PhD project 
• Design a research proposal 
• Form a working title
• Contact guides and supervisor 
• Prepare for the entrance examination. 

The second phase deals with the admission process, requirements and related stuff. So if are getting admission, surely you have completed the entrance examination. During the PhD admission process, you have to first submit your PhD proposal and your degree certificates. 

A PhD proposal is the working, brief and summarizes draft of your entire research work . It comprises a 10 to 12 page long written draft, a working title, an overview of the topic and the budget information of the entire PhD. 

Moreover, master’s degree certification, university transfer certificate and other related documents and their true copies are submitted to the university PhD cell. Meanwhile, you have to select your PhD guide, which we already had done. It’s just formality for you now. 

To admit into PhD you need to submit this many documents: 

• A research proposal 
• A working title 
• No objection certificate from you 
• No objection certification form you guide 
• Acceptance letter from your guide 
• Your degree certificates 
• Certificate of clearing entrance example, if applicable 
• IELTS or TOEFL score, for foreign students 
• University migration certificate 

Though till now your admission is confirmed you are yet not allowed to do research. For that, you have to fulfill some more criteria. 

This phase is a bit tedious and boring as well, excluding research (what are eager to!) you have to and arrange so many other things, simultaneously. First, after getting admission you will enroll in the course work. You will have to study coursework for at least one year in which your major study subjects are related to research methodologies. 

If you fail to complete the coursework, you can’t go further. Universities give 3 trials for completing course work with a minimum of 50% marks. Meanwhile, you have to design your entire research work layout for 3 to 6 years, keeping in mind that you will pass the course work. The research design is nothing new but the more elaborative version of your research proposal. 

Furthermore, you have to arrange funding, scholarship or fellowship facilities to fund your PhD. So there are so many things for you to do during this whole first year of your PhD. Once you complete the course work, you will become a PhD candidate , an actual PhD scholar to do research. From the second year, you can actually start your research journey.

After the second year onward you can start your actual research work. But mostly lack of planning and plotting lead to deal the completion. Again, directly going further, plan things, what you will do daily, what goals you will have to achieve monthly, quarterly and yearly. Take your supervisor’s help to bifurcate your research work, lab or fieldwork, accordingly.

Give equal time to research and reading & writing. Try to stick with your plan always. Most works, largely done during this tenure are,

• Sampling and lab work
• literature review
• Publication in the peer-reviewed journal
• Thesis writing
• Thesis submission and viva preparation
• Doing a lab work  

Lab work is something that is so important in the PhD. Failure results in thesis rejection. You may face failures, problems and hurdles in your theory, technique, method or hypothesis but that is the research. You have to work constantly on it. Identify the loopholes and problems, and try to correct them. 

Read related articles, techniques, meet scientists, get suggestions from experts to complete your research. Your lab work should be performed properly and documented correctly. 

Another important thing in the post-admission process is the PhD thesis. Your daily journal, documentations and indications help you to write a thesis. Thesis writing is not rocket science. Everyone wonders, it is the hardest thing in PhD, but trust me you need a little knowledge of English and the Grammarly software. 

Grammarly is a software that will take care of all your writing errors, you can read our article on its benefits and how to use it. Grammarly: A PhD writing assistant . 

If I describe a PhD thesis, comprehensively then a PhD thesis is a written proof or draft of your entire research work. 

Elements of PhD thesis: Abstract, introduction, material & methods, results & discussion, interpretations and references. 

Whilst you are writing a dissertation thesis, you should worry about your publication. One of the major criteria for appearing in PhD viva is the publication of your research work in the peer-review journal. With your thesis, you can write your research paper, simultaneously. You may submit it in different journals for publications.  

After doing all these, a final stage will come when you will appear in your PhD viva voce. It’s a discussion session where you have to defend your thesis. The viva-voce session will be easy for you if you read this article of our: Preparing for PhD viva voce .

Hey there to the students of Genetics, biotechnology or microbiology and those who are working with PCR, RT-PCR, microarray or sequencing, we will help you to prepare a research proposal, thesis, research paper or even your entire PhD project from start to end. contact us: [email protected] .

A roadmap overview of Degree to PhD:

• Master’s degree/ M Phil 
• Good research background and publications (option)
• Entrance exam
• PhD project
• Research proposal 
• Course work 
• PhD title 
• Wet and dry lab work 
• Publication in peer review journal 
• PhD thesis 
• Viva voce 

The PhD time duration varies from subject to subject, for instance, PhD in science or applied subject takes a long time in comparison with PhD in history or literature. Broadly it takes up to 4 to 7 years to complete a PhD (or sometimes 8 to 10 years!).

If we include the time duration after degree and take into account your preparation time of 1 to 1.5 years, the whole process of Master’s degree to PhD takes 4.5 to 7 years. 

Related article: What is PhD?- History, Definition, Origin, Requirement, Fees, Duration and Process .

Undoubtedly, a PhD-doctor of philosophy is one of the hardest things to do in life. Notwithstanding, determination leads to success. If you, as a student will know these things before deciding to go for PhD, it surely, undoubtedly help a lot. And mark my words no one of your fellow students knows these things.

If you are willing to do PhD, start from today. Prepare for competitive examination and try to make a PhD project. I hope what roadmap I have prepared will help you. Thank you for reading this article.

Dr. Tushar Chauhan is a Scientist, Blogger and Scientific-writer. He has completed PhD in Genetics. Dr. Chauhan is a PhD coach and tutor.

Share this:

• Share on Facebook
• Share on Twitter
• Share on Pinterest
• Share on Linkedin
• Share via Email

About The Author

Dr Tushar Chauhan

Related posts.

Why is it called a Doctor of Philosophy?

Preparing for a PhD Viva

Leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

Is it possible to get a PhD position with only a Bachelor's degree?

I have done a Bachelor's (4 years) and my GPA is quite low. But I have research experiences (more than 3 years) and few publications in some good journals. I want to do a Ph.D. in biology or a related field. Is it possible to get a position (e.g. in the USA or Europe) when research experience is the only strong point? Or should I go for a Master's first?

• graduate-admissions
• career-path

• 5 What about just finding an advisor and stapling those good papers of yours to a cumulative thesis? –  Oleg Lobachev May 23, 2020 at 20:31
• 1 It may be more helpful for you to mention which countries you are considering, so you can get more specific answers about how likely it is to be accepted to a PhD only with a Bachelor's degree. –  DimP May 24, 2020 at 23:36
• @DimP: ...and a low GPA... –  Bob Jarvis - Слава Україні May 25, 2020 at 12:45
• @OlegLobachev I think it's a bit disingenuous to refer to a ~5 year long PhD process as "just stapling those papers to a thesis". –  Stack Tracer May 25, 2020 at 21:11
• @StackTracer: The key question is if OP wants to obtain a PhD as fast as possible or to acquire the grad student experience. Judging from the question, OP already has a few journal publications. If those papers have a common idea/research direction beihind them, they are stapl'ble into a staple thesis. If those assumptions are correct, OP already has those papers. No more than a few papers are needed for a thesis material. Writing an introduction is not much work. The details will be told by an advisor, if OP finds some. In total, this sounds like a fast track to a defence, just what I said. –  Oleg Lobachev May 26, 2020 at 20:47

7 Answers 7

In the UK a PhD (or DPhil) typically starts after a 4-year undergrad program: so yes, it's normal to do a PhD right after your undergrad.

At a top-level research institution in the USA (at least in the sciences, and biology is what you said you want to pursue) a Masters is something that you would normally only get if you dropped out of a PhD program: so yes it's normal to do a PhD right after your undergrad.

In Canada, for some reason the majority of the people think they have to do a Masters before a PhD, but there is no university in Canada that requires a Masters to do a PhD in biology. In fact NSERC funding for your PhD will last only 3 years if you have a Masters, and 4 years if you do not: so yes, there is a way for you to start your PhD right after your undergrad .

People have mentioned that it's normal in Denmark and Australia too.

Some European universities (for example some, but not all, universities in Germany) you might require a Masters.

Now for some advice:

But I have research experiences (more than 3 years) and few publications in some good journals. I want to do a Ph.D. in biology or a related field. ... should I go for a Master's first?

You have more publication experience than some people have after their first post-doctoral position. A "few publications in some good journals" is what PhD students aim towards for graduation.

Masters programs can take 1 to 3 years (longer if your experiments don't work out). Why not instead do a 3-year PhD program in UK or most of Europe, or a 4-year "direct" PhD program in USA or Canada, and get Doctor beside your name for the rest of your life?

If you're going to do research for the next 6 years, would you rather:

• Earn a Masters salary (e.g. ~$25,000/year in Canada) for 2 years, then a PhD salary (e.g. ~$35,000/year in Canada) for 4 years, or
• Earn a PhD salary (e.g. ~$35,000/year in Canada) for 3-4 years, then a post-doc salary (e.g. $40,000-$70,000/year in Canada) for the remaining 2-3 years?

These days, it is getting harder and harder to get a stable job while our bodies are still in their prime condition for raising a family (or doing whatever else we enjoy). There still are PhDs getting permanent or tenure-track jobs in their 20s, but it's becoming common for people to reach 40 by the time this happens, because there's more humans to compete with than any time in our history. Do you really want to delay your life by 2-3 years by getting a Masters, when your goal is to get a PHD?

I am of course not listing the advantages of doing a Masters rather than a PhD, since you said you want to do a PhD eventually, and you seem to be a very strong candidate for a PhD position, so with no other information, I am certainly happy to encourage you to go straight to a PhD position. If you do want to know the reasons why one would choose a Masters rather than a PhD, the reasons do exist, but to explain them might double the size of this answer, and I would only do it if there was some reason why you were still considering a Masters even though you now know that it's not abnormal to go straight to a PhD: perhaps in that case you could describe what you want and the reasons for it, in a separate question).

• The University of Ottawa requires a MSc to be admitted for a doctorate in biology catalogue.uottawa.ca/en/graduate/doctorate-philosophy-biology/… . . McMaster also requires a MSc for admission to PhD program in biology gs.mcmaster.ca/program/biology Are you sure no university in Canada requires a MSc to do a PhD? –  Cell May 26, 2020 at 1:09
• @Cell the McMaster URL you provided does not say what you say it does. The UOttawa site does say that a Masters is required for PhD, but if you scroll further down it says that there's a "fast-track PhD program" in which you don't have to finish the Masters to move into the PhD program. Based on the information we have available, OP has enough publications that they could find a supervisor willing to take them as a PhD student, except formally they have to apply to the Masters program and then "transfer" to the PhD program after a year, if they're in good standing. Direct PhD can be like that. –  Nik May 26, 2020 at 1:16
• "UK ... typically starts after a 4-year undergrad program" -- but doesn't that 4-year undergrad program typically award you a Masters, not a Bachelor's? If so, you just need to check whether or not a 4-year US Bachelor's degree is valid in place of the local 4-year undergrad MSc, which frequently will be more specialised than a typical US 4-year undergrad program. My 4-year MMath degree was all mathematics courses, all the time, as you'd expect in the UK. No minor subject, no Spanish 101, as you might get in a US undergrad degree ;-) –  Steve Jessop May 26, 2020 at 1:19
• @SteveJessop You're right about everything, except I started a DPhil at Oxford directly after my 4-year undergrad in Canada. –  Nik May 26, 2020 at 1:20
• 1 Perfect. It's basically either they accept the application or they don't, and if they did for you it sounds like it's allowed... –  Steve Jessop May 26, 2020 at 1:25

It's certainly possible -- in fact, in the USA it's more common to start a PhD directly after a Bachelor's than after a Master's. In Europe, having a Master's first is a more typical requirement, but I have known some people to start PhDs straight after their Bachelor's (in physics, in the UK). Having significant research experience and published papers will certainly help your application a lot.

Why not apply for PhD and Master's positions at the same time? That way, you may get accepted to a PhD, in which case great, if not then you will likely have the Master's to fall back on.

• 4 And some programs allow you to be considered for both (with preference for PhD) in the same application. –  GoodDeeds May 23, 2020 at 11:37
• 13 In Germany, I think you need a masters to apply for a doctoral position. In general, anyway, if not universal. –  Buffy May 23, 2020 at 11:43
• 2 @Buffy: that's true for those who did their Bachelor/Master in Germany - but for foreign students there may be exceptions decided on a case-to-case basis. I had a colleague who came with a BSc from Southeast Asia to do a PhD in Germany. She had to take some exams to show that she's up to the requirements. (The same may happen if you apply for a PhD in a field that is totally unrelated to your MSc). –  cbeleites unhappy with SX May 23, 2020 at 19:55
• I thought this was more true outside the USA. On this site if a PhD student talks about taking classes they're normally studying in the USA. In Australia you go straight from a 4 year bachelor's to a PhD. –  curiousdannii May 25, 2020 at 6:02
• 3 @Buffy: In Germany, my university cooperated with a British university to get a PhD with a Bachelor... It's not that it's not possible in Germany, but only "real" universities may grant them, and I studied at a "Hochschule", which is translated to university in English as well, but is more practice-oriented. Therefore, "real" university professors are being overrun by students wanting a PhD in Germany. So the very first challenge here is not to PhD, but to find a German "doctor father", which is made even harder if it's only a Bachelor's degree. You really have to have a name to get there. –  Jessica May 25, 2020 at 6:28

I'm starting a PhD program in January. I won't have technically finished my Bachelor's at that point as due to some scheduling issues I'll still have one module left.

If you get the grades and can persuade the supervisor you'll be a good fit for the role, anything is possible.

I'm in the UK.

In Denmark, at least at the University of Copenhagen, they have a 3+5 and 4+4 PhD programs :

In the 3+5 system, you start on an integrated Masters and PhD process straight after graduating with your Bachelors.

It exists at the Aarhus University as well, see section "I'm doing/have a Bachelor's degree". The other Danish universities may have something similar, you can google.

Some programs that don't accept people without a master's degree into their PhD program have a "bypass" mechanism where you can essentially decide after completing the first part of your program that you want to treat your completed work as the first part of your PhD program rather than completing the requirements for the Master's degree. (For example, here's the description from the University of Alberta nursing programme .) You usually need to have performed up to some standard and have the agreement of your supervisor, but the requirements are generally not onerous. ( This web page says this is a Canadian thing; it existed at my previous institution (a top research university in the US) when I was there 15 years ago, but seems to have disappeared since then.)

Why not? In Australia, only Bachelor is officially required for PhD. There is no such thing as a master degree requirement in the country.

I have done exactly that, I had a Bachelor from Switzerland and did a PhD in the UK. I think it is more common in the US than in Europe. In Europe you might be more successful in getting a PhD position in a field where your research experience is relevant. I ended up with a PhD position in a group I had previously collaborated with. They had to invest a lot less time into my training and I got a PhD out of it, so it worked out for everyone.

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged phd graduate-admissions career-path ., hot network questions.

• I am international anyway
• Can someone explain the damage distrubution on this aircraft that flew through a hailstorm?
• How to see face value by name?
• How to unplug heating element connector in tumble dryer
• Anime about a girl who can see spirits that nobody else can
• My son (infant) has received a Schengen tourist visa (Switzerland). However, his name is not printed as per passport. Please help
• British child with Italian mother travelling to Italy
• Problems with coloured tables with \multirow and \multicolumn and text-wrapping for table with a lot of text. Getting blank, white areas
• Draw Memory Map/Layout/Region in TikZ
• Do reflective warning triangles blow away in wind storms?
• What is this symbol?
• What do humans do uniquely, that computers apparently will not be able to?
• Who would I call to inspect the integrity of a truss after an electrician cut into it?
• Do we know how the SpaceX Starship stack handles engine shutdowns?
• What happens when you target a dead creature with Scrying?
• Word for a country declaring independence from an empire
• Ceiling Fan Installation with Light
• What terminal did David connect to his IMSAI 8080?
• When was the last time the G7 invited many guest countries?
• What is the point of triggering of a national snap election immediately after losing the EU elections?
• Why at 1 Corinthians 10:9 does the Jehovah's Witnesses NWT use the word "Jehovah" when the Greek uses "Christos/kurion" referring to Jesus Christ?
• Geometric Brownian Motion as the limit of a Binomial Tree?
• siblings/clones tour the galaxy giving technical help to collapsed societies
• If SSD begins degrading will that affect online backup?

Exploring Postgraduate Opportunities: Can You Pursue a PhD After Completing a BSc Degree?

Table of contents.

• Understanding the Basics: What is a BSc Degree and a PhD?
• The Traditional Path: From BSc to Masters to PhD
• Alternative Routes: Pursuing a PhD Directly After a BSc Degree
• Advantages and Challenges of Applying to a PhD Without a Masters
• Universities Offering Direct Entry into PhD Programs After BSc
• How Does the Job Market View Candidates with Direct BSc to PhD Transitions?
• Case Study: Successful Stories of Individuals Who Moved from BSc to PhD Directly
• Making an Informed Decision: Is Direct BSc to PhD Transition Right for You?

Introduction

In the realm of academia, the journey from a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree to a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a path that many students aspire to undertake. But is it possible to pursue a PhD immediately after obtaining a BSc? This question is one that often arises among students eager to fast-track their academic progression. However, before embarking on this journey, it's crucial to evaluate the necessity of a PhD in achieving your career objectives and to consider the challenges that lie ahead.

Contrary to some misconceptions, a BSc degree is not simply a stepping stone to academic jobs. It equips students with a versatile set of skills that are highly transferable across various industries. The ability to think critically and analytically, adapt to new fields, and tackle complex problems makes science students valuable assets in an ever-evolving job market. However, if you're certain that a PhD will open doors to the career opportunities you desire, it's important to make an informed decision that aligns with your goals and ambitions.

In this article, we will explore the different paths from a BSc to a PhD, the advantages and challenges of pursuing a PhD directly after a BSc, and the perceptions of the job market towards candidates with this transition. We will also delve into case studies of individuals who have successfully made the leap from a BSc to a PhD, offering insights into their journeys and experiences. By considering these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether pursuing a PhD directly after a BSc is the right path for you.

1. Understanding the Basics: What is a BSc Degree and a PhD ?

An undergraduate degree in the sciences, often known as a Bachelor of Science (BSc), is bestowed upon students who successfully complete a focused course of study in a field related to science. The curriculum typically emphasizes the major subject area, complemented by ancillary studies in related disciplines. Contrastingly, a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) represents the pinnacle of academic achievement, awarded by universities to those who have made significant original contributions to their field of study, developed novel concepts, and demonstrated a high degree of expertise in their discipline. The question of whether one can pursue a PhD immediately after obtaining a BSc is a common query among students eager to expedite their academic progression.

However, the decision to embark on a PhD journey should not be taken lightly. It's not a path to consider if you're simply unsure of your next step, or if you feel 'stuck' in your current role. Pursuing a PhD requires a great deal of motivation and self-drive, particularly when faced with inevitable challenges. It's essential to evaluate the necessity of a PhD in achieving your career objectives before committing to this path. Conducting informational interviews with professionals in your desired roles can provide valuable insights into various career trajectories and help ascertain if a PhD is the right choice for you.

A BSc degree, contrary to some misconceptions, is not merely a stepping stone to academic jobs.

It equips students with a versatile set of skills that apply across various domains. A science student learns to think critically and analytically, breaking down complex problems into manageable parts. This analytical mindset is not limited to specific technologies or systems but can be applied universally. The skills acquired through a science education are highly transferable, making science students valuable assets to a diverse range of industries. The ability to think independently and adapt to new fields is a hallmark of a good science student, which adds to the flexibility and value of the degree.

Discover the diverse range of academic programs we offer and apply now.

This adaptability makes them indispensable to emerging industries in a constantly evolving job market.

Therefore, if you're certain that a PhD will open the doors to the career opportunities you desire, then by all means, consider graduate school. But remember, it's not a decision to rush into. Take the time to explore all your options, understanding your current educational background and future career aspirations. The choice between a BSc and a PhD is a personal one, and it's important to make an informed decision that aligns with your goals and ambitions.

2. The Traditional Path: From BSc to Masters to PhD

In the conventional academic journey, scholars usually advance from a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree to a Master's degree, before finally embarking on a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program.

The Master's degree acts as a stepping stone, equipping learners with an enhanced depth of knowledge and skillset necessary for the intensive research involved in a PhD program. This progression enables students to incrementally cultivate their research capabilities and deepen their comprehension of their chosen field of study.

However, it is crucial for learners to conduct further research to ensure that the courses and qualifications they choose align with their personal, professional, and financial objectives. This is particularly important considering the rapidly changing landscape of education and employment, as evident from initiatives such as the Future Telecoms Skills Taskforce and the Science & Technology Venture Capital Fellowship Programme in the UK, aimed at equipping individuals from all educational backgrounds with the skills needed for a technologically advanced future.

Pursuing a PhD is not merely about obtaining a title; it's about cultivating a mindset of curiosity and in-depth inquiry. If you found your time in the lab exhilarating and often caught yourself wondering about the next experiment you could conduct, you likely possess the curiosity necessary for graduate school. Such curiosity could indicate that you might not be satisfied with the work assigned to you as a bachelor-level technician. As such, a PhD could accelerate your career progression, allowing you to lead projects, design experiments, and think more broadly about the commercial impact of your work.

Moreover, a PhD offers more than just domain-specific knowledge. It sharpens your research skills, equips you with the ability to lead advanced projects, and refines your communication skills. These transferable skills can be invaluable in a variety of career paths. Furthermore, a PhD is a respected credential that adds legitimacy in many contexts, including academic research and industry. It allows you to present at conferences, submit to journals, and gain exposure to cutting-edge research in your field. All these factors combined can make a PhD a valuable asset in your career journey, regardless of the field you choose to specialize in.

3. Alternative Routes: Pursuing a PhD Directly After a BSc Degree

While the conventional academic journey involves progressing from a BSc to a Masters, and then to a PhD, some institutions offer an alternative pathway.

They provide an opportunity for students to leapfrog directly from a BSc to a PhD. This unconventional route can be demanding as it propels students into rigorous research without the cushion of a Master's program. Nevertheless, it can be an enticing choice for those with a keen research interest and a strong drive to expedite their scholarly pursuits.

An example of this alternative route is embodied in the story of Dr. Reinoso, who was initially on a scholarship from Ecuador to study a Masters program at the University of Melbourne. Despite the traditional route, his supervisor saw his potential and encouraged him to stay for a PhD in Engineering and IT. This opportunity allowed Dr. Reinoso to delve into his research interest in how virtual reality could be used to train martial arts, a project he had begun during his Master of Science.

In deciding whether to pursue a direct BSc to PhD route, it's crucial to consider your career goals. As one expert advises, 'Only if you find that you really need the degree to pursue your career goals should you head back to school for your PhD.' It's also important to consider the different guidelines in job level responsibilities in large and small companies. The decision to get a PhD is a tricky question, and often involves more than just your career goals. Family and financial situations can play a role in making the decision, particularly if the decision involves leaving a job to go back to school or trying to complete a PhD while working.

Furthermore, the journey to a PhD is not just about the degree, but also about the relationships you build along the way. As one academic points out, 'It's dangerous to go to a place with only one advisor you want to work with. You never know what might happen.' Hence, it's crucial to ensure a supportive and collaborative environment for your PhD journey.

In addition, the direct BSc to PhD route also offers the opportunity for greater focus and flexibility in your research. As one PhD student points out, working on two projects can indeed generate more focus. When you're stuck on one project, you can move to the other, ensuring there's always something to do and you don't feel bored at all.

Ultimately, the decision to pursue a direct BSc to PhD route is a personal one and depends on various factors, including your research interests, career goals, and personal circumstances. It's a challenging yet rewarding path for those who are driven by their passion for research and are eager to fast-track their academic journey.

4. Advantages and Challenges of Applying to a PhD Without a Masters

Opting for a PhD immediately after earning a BSc degree can be a game-changer. This path offers the chance to expedite your academic progress, potentially conserving time and resources. It's a thrilling prospect for research enthusiasts, those who are eager to immerse themselves in their chosen study area. However, this journey is not without its trials. It demands an unwavering commitment, strong self-discipline, and robust research capabilities. Without the cushion of a Master's degree, students are expected to prove their aptitude for PhD-level research, setting the bar high.

To put this into perspective, let's consider Vincent's experience. Passionate about maths, Vincent was initially apprehensive that his love for numbers would limit his ability to contribute to practical, real-world solutions. However, his PhD journey offered the best of both worlds. He was able to work with numbers while being part of a broader project with practical applications. His PhD journey also proved beneficial for industry partners, who gained access to a community of innovative researchers capable of devising solutions for emerging challenges.

This journey also offered Vincent networking opportunities beyond Melbourne. Thanks to the Faculty of Engineering and IT Ingenium scholarship, he could attend conferences and academic visits, even reaching out to global platforms like the Global Young Scientists Summit.

However, not every PhD journey is the same. A student's experience can vary widely depending on various factors, including the program's structure, location, and the individual's personal circumstances. For instance, New York, despite its high living cost, can provide transformative experiences due to its vibrant city life and diverse opportunities.

Furthermore, pursuing a PhD directly after a BSc degree can have significant implications for your career trajectory. If your end goal is to establish yourself in the industry as a private scientist with marketable skills and knowledge, this path can be rewarding. It offers the chance to be part of a specialized team conducting cutting-edge work, providing a gratifying work experience, especially if you enjoy problem-solving and finding solutions.

However, this path also presents certain challenges. You may face restrictions in choosing your research topic and might have to undertake tasks beyond your primary work. Your job security could be influenced by market forces and the company's standing, making maintaining work-life balance challenging.

In conclusion, the decision to pursue a PhD directly after a BSc degree is not one to be taken lightly. It's essential to weigh the pros and cons, consider your long-term career goals, and prepare for the commitment and discipline required to successfully navigate this path.

5. Universities Offering Direct Entry into PhD Programs After BSc

In the global academic sphere, numerous universities have begun to acknowledge and cater to the potential of students who demonstrate exceptional academic prowess and research potential, thereby offering direct entry into PhD programs right after a BSc degree. For instance, at the University of Limassol, students have the opportunity to bypass the traditional path of acquiring a master's degree before a PhD.

However, it is crucial for students to extensively research and explore various universities and programs to find one that aligns perfectly with their academic aspirations and fields of interest. An example of a successful program is one at a University in northern New England, which is one of only two CAMPEP accredited PhD programs in New England. This program has a strong record of student success, with an average of 5.7 first author papers per student and a total of 11.3 papers per student, reflecting a robust academic environment.

Additionally, a program like this also offers an excellent geographical opportunity for students residing in that region. It is worth noting that all 10 students who sought out residencies found them, with four entering 3-year research residencies. This highlights the program's effectiveness in preparing students for their future careers.

On the other hand, universities like Uppsala University offer a PhD program in Political Science that focuses on developing scientific research capabilities with a mandatory year of coursework and the development of a PhD thesis at the core. Admission to this program is highly competitive, attracting a large number of international and Swedish applicants each year.

Moreover, the University's EPCC provides students with high-level grid computing, data integration, and computer simulation and process optimization, with training in all relevant programs required to achieve their research goals. They also provide excellent facilities, including one of the world's major supercomputing hubs and generous library provisions.

The job market perspective also plays a significant role in this decision. For instance, a PhD in political science from Uppsala holds significance for advanced academic research, teaching roles, and professional opportunities beyond academia. However, it is important to note that two-thirds of PhD students in social sciences wanted to stay in academia, while the remaining one-third aspired to work in the industry.

In conclusion, while the decision to pursue a direct BSc to PhD program can be daunting, it can also be a rewarding one, providing students with a unique opportunity to fast-track their academic journey and dive into the world of research. However, students should carefully consider their options and make an informed decision based on their academic goals, career aspirations, and the resources available at their chosen institution.

6. How Does the Job Market View Candidates with Direct BSc to PhD Transitions?

Perceptions within the job market can differ when it comes to candidates who have leapt straight from a BSc to a PhD. In the realms of academia and research-heavy fields, a PhD is often held in high esteem, irrespective of a candidate's possession of a Master's degree. Yet, in certain sectors, employers may hold a preference for candidates with a wider educational landscape, which includes a Master's degree. It's of paramount importance for students to align their career aspirations and the anticipations of their intended job market while deciding on pursuing a PhD right after obtaining a BSc degree.

Take the example of someone who transitioned from a PhD to a consulting role. They were able to leverage their scientific skills and knowledge in a completely different field, demonstrating the versatility and applicability of a PhD. The individual's journey also highlights the importance of being open-minded and ready to tackle new challenges, even if they stray from the traditional academic path.

Moreover, companies in various industries, including consulting, appreciate the value that a PhD holder can bring to their organization. But it's important to note that they also recognize the benefits of having employees with diverse educational backgrounds. They understand that a candidate's unique experiences and perspectives can be just as valuable as a PhD.

To ensure you're making the right decision, consider conducting informational interviews. Talking to alumni or professionals in your field of interest can provide you with valuable insights into the job market and help you understand how different educational backgrounds are valued.

Finally, remember that your personal statement can play a vital role in your application process. Tailor your statement to highlight your research interests and how they align with the faculty at the university you're applying to. This can significantly increase your chances of admission.

In conclusion, the job market's perception of candidates who transition directly from a BSc to a PhD can vary significantly. As an aspiring PhD candidate, it's crucial to research your intended job market, understand the value of your qualifications, and be open to diverse career paths.

7. Case Study: Successful Stories of Individuals Who Moved from BSc to PhD Directly

The journey from a BSc to a PhD is filled with tales of triumph, each unique and inspiring. These individuals are known for their self-motivation, clarity in research objectives and an ability to work independently. Let's take the example of Dr. Reinoso, a member of a research centre, who applied his innovative thinking to resolve problems using technology. One such instance was when he collaborated with the artist, Benjamin Skepper, to create an artwork named 'Pump up your blood' for a Science Gallery Melbourne exhibition. The artwork resonated with the rhythm of a human heartbeat, which fluctuated based on the music played.

Another such story is of Dr. Lu who was far from his family and had to manage his PhD journey amid the pandemic. He effectively utilized the University's free counselling and psychological services to maintain his mental health and work-life balance. He also became part of the University's fitness facilities at a discounted membership to build resilience. Post-work, he used to relax with his colleagues at University House, a staff and alumni club of the University of Melbourne. This space provided him with an environment for socializing, relaxation, and collaboration over affordable drinks.

Aoife, a former accountant, found her true calling in Mathematics and embraced the opportunity to pursue a PhD. She credits her positive academic journey to the additional funding provided by the IRC for expenses such as attending conferences. This support not only eased her financial stress but also helped her feel part of a larger academic community.

The journey from BSc to PhD is not just about academic progression but also about personal growth, resilience, and the ability to manage projects. It's about learning to navigate through challenges and making the most of the opportunities that come your way. These stories serve as a beacon of inspiration for students contemplating a direct transition from a BSc to a PhD, emphasizing the potential and possibilities of this unconventional path.

8. Making an Informed Decision: Is Direct BSc to PhD Transition Right for You?

The path towards a PhD right after acquiring a BSc degree is a significant one, requiring a thoughtful evaluation of multiple factors. Reflect on your academic proficiency, research inclinations, career objectives, and personal situations. Seek advice from academic mentors, faculty associates, and professionals in your chosen field to gain a broader perspective. Remember, your decision should resonate with your academic and professional ambitions, laying a strong foundation for your future success.

Consider the case of Dr. Reinoso, who during his Master of Science, explored the potential of virtual reality in martial arts training. His interest later shifted to augmented reality, integrating virtual elements into the real world, particularly beneficial for fields requiring a three-dimensional understanding like physiotherapy and medicine. His journey illustrates the importance of aligning your passion and skills with your academic journey for long-term success.

Reflect on the recent surge in the value of federal scholarships for postgraduate students and postdoctoral researchers. For instance, stipends for master's students have seen a significant increase, and the number of scholarships and fellowships have also seen a rise. This financial support can ease the burden of pursuing a PhD and provide you with the freedom to focus on your research.

There are numerous factors to consider when deciding to pursue a PhD. As mentioned by a few experts, impactful research, enhancement of research skills, and development of transferable skills are some of the key advantages. Additionally, you can contribute to groundbreaking theories and innovations that have the potential to shape the future.

As you ponder this decision, remember that your choice should not only ensure your happiness during the academic journey but also lead to a successful and fulfilling career where your skills, passion, and aspirations align. Keep in mind that many institutions and governments offer fellowships to support graduate students. Therefore, financial challenges should not deter you from pursuing your academic goals.

To sum up, the decision to pursue a PhD directly after a BSc is a significant one that requires careful consideration of various factors. Your decision should be rooted in your passion, academic abilities, and personal circumstances. Always remember, your decision will shape your academic journey and future career path.

In conclusion, pursuing a PhD directly after obtaining a BSc degree is a decision that should not be taken lightly. While a BSc degree equips students with versatile skills and opens doors to various industries, a PhD offers the opportunity for advanced research, deeper knowledge, and specialized expertise. It is important to evaluate your career objectives and consider the challenges and commitments involved in pursuing a PhD. Conducting informational interviews with professionals in your desired field can provide valuable insights into different career trajectories and help you make an informed decision.

Additionally, the path from BSc to PhD can take different routes, including the traditional path of obtaining a Master's degree before pursuing a PhD or opting for direct entry into a PhD program. Each option has its advantages and challenges, and it is crucial to carefully consider your research interests, career goals, and personal circumstances when making this decision. Ultimately, the choice between a BSc and a PhD is personal, and it is important to choose the path that aligns with your goals and ambitions.

To explore the possibilities of pursuing a PhD directly after obtaining a BSc degree, consider researching universities that offer direct entry into PhD programs and reach out to professionals in your field of interest. By considering all these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether pursuing a PhD directly after a BSc is the right path for you.

• Log in
• Site search

5 routes to getting a Doctorate

While most of those studying for a PhD take the PhD by thesis pathway, there are five viable routes to achieving a Doctorate, with both full-time and part-time options available

PhD by thesis

This is the most common means of getting a Doctorate. Over the three or four years of research at university, your PhD supervisor will support you as you aim to produce a thesis based on your research proposal .

A thesis is typically 60,000-90,000 words in length - although this can vary between institutions. For instance, the University of Glasgow's College of Social Sciences expects a thesis to be 70,000 to 100,000 words including references, bibliography and appendices, while the University of Cambridge has set an upper limit of 80,000 words.

Once completed, you'll need to defend your PhD thesis in front of a panel of examiners during your viva voce .

Doctorate by publication

This route involves submitting previously published work - such as books, book chapters and journal articles, which together form a coherent body of work and show evidence of an original contribution to a particular field of study.

The PhD by publication route is often taken by mid-career academics that haven't had the opportunity to undertake a standard Doctorate degree.

Generally, a minimum of five to eight published pieces are required, but this varies between institutions and depends on their length. The published work will be assessed to the same rigorous standards as a traditional PhD by thesis.

You must also provide a written supporting statement, which typically ranges from 5,000 to 15,000 words.

For instance, the University of Westminster asks for a commentary of 5,000 words (science and technology subjects) or 10,000 words (arts, social sciences and humanities). On the other hand, Queen Margaret University Edinburgh requires 12,000 to 15,000 words on the rationale and theoretical context for the portfolio of published work.

The work will then be presented to an academic committee. A supervisor will assist you with selecting which publications to submit, as well as guidance on the supporting statement.

Some universities accept only their own graduates for a PhD by publication, while others restrict this route to their academic staff. In general, you should have graduated from your first degree at least seven years ago to be eligible.

For example, The University of Manchester has published its own Guidance for the PhD By Published Work , with eligibility only extending to current members of staff.

Professional Doctorate

This type of Doctorate includes a significant taught component and a smaller research project, and is geared primarily towards current professionals in vocational sectors such as:

• engineering and manufacturing
• teaching and education .

Professional Doctorates are often taken on a part-time basis and can last between two and eight years. Like their standard PhD counterparts, they usually begin in October or January.

While you won't typically be looking to get an academic job , your research is expected to contribute to theory as well as professional practice. Projects often revolve around a real-life issue that affects your employer.

Several professional Doctorates, such as the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy), are accredited by a professional body - for instance, the Health & Care Professions Council (HCPC) and The British Psychological Society (BPS) - and may also lead to a professional qualification .

Common titles for graduates of professional Doctorate degrees include:

• Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Doctor of Education (EdD)
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD)
• Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Unlike many professional Doctorates, the EngD is typically offered as a full-time course and is aimed at young engineering graduates with little or no professional experience.

Integrated PhD

This four-year qualification, also known as the New Route PhD, involves studying a one-year research Masters degree (MRes) before progressing onto a three-year PhD.

Offered by a select number of universities across the UK, integrated PhDs are supported by the government and the British Council through UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) .

Visit Research Council funding for further information on research and funding for different types of PhD.

The integrated PhD involves a combination of taught materials, practical experience and advanced research. This allows you to learn subject-specific methodologies, while building the transferable skills that will enable you to become a leader in your chosen profession.

Institutions can also develop personalised integrated PhD programmes to meet each student's needs. For example, universities may offer you the opportunity to gain a postgraduate certificate (PGCert) in Learning and Teaching in Higher Education - perfect if you're considering a career as a higher education lecturer .

Online/distance learning PhD

As PhDs are based primarily on independent research rather than time spent in lectures and seminars, distance learning has always been a viable route for many Doctoral students.

PhDs by distance learning offered by course providers such as The Open University are therefore a good option to consider if you've got family or work commitments or are an international student - as this gives you the chance to undertake Doctoral research without having to live close to your chosen institution. It's also a suitable mode of study if your subject requires you to be based in a specific location away from the university.

For the most part, you'll be in touch with your supervisor by phone, email or Skype/Zoom. You'll need to bear in mind that even if you opt for this form of research, you'll generally still need to attend university for one or two weeks of each academic year for meetings and to receive research skills training. Your final exam may be undertaken either face-to-face or virtually.

With online PhDs, you can usually register as a full or part-time student. The level of fees you pay varies between institutions - some charge the same as for a standard PhD while others offer a reduced rate.

Check that any funding you plan to apply for is available to distance learning students, as this isn't always the case.

Search for online/distance learning PhDs .

Find out more

• Discover what is a PhD?
• Sort out funding for postgraduate study .
• Consider what to do after completing your PhD .

How would you rate this page?

On a scale where 1 is dislike and 5 is like

• Dislike 1 unhappy-very
• Like 5 happy-very

Thank you for rating the page

Have a language expert improve your writing

Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.

• Knowledge Base
• Applying to graduate school
• Master’s vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on May 10, 2024.

The two most common types of graduate degrees are master’s and doctoral degrees:

• A master’s is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
• A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.

A master’s is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master’s is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required before applying for PhDs.

Master’s are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master’s or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.

Table of contents

Master’s vs phd at a glance, which is right for you, length of time required, career prospects, costs and salaries, application process, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about master's and phd degrees.

The table below shows the key differences between the two.

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
• Vague sentences
• Style consistency

See an example

A PhD is right for you if:

• Your goal is to become a professor at a university or some other type of professional researcher.
• You love research and are passionate about discovering the answer to a particular question.
• You are willing to spend years pursuing your research even if you have to put up with a lot of dead ends and roadblocks.

A master’s degree is the better choice if any of the following apply:

• You want to continue studies in your field, but you’re not committed to a career as a professional researcher.
• You want to develop professional skills for a specific career.
• You are willing to pay a higher upfront cost if it means finishing with your degree (and thus being able to work) much faster.
• You want the option to study part-time while working.

The length of time required to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies. Unsurprisingly, PhDs take much longer, usually between 3–7 years. Master’s degrees are usually only 1–2 years.

Length of a master’s

Master’s degrees are usually 2 years, although 1-year master’s degrees also exist, mainly in the UK.

Most of the degree consists of classes and coursework, although many master’s programs include an intensive, semester-long master’s thesis or capstone project in which students bring together all they’ve learned to produce an original piece of work.

Length of a PhD

In the US, a PhD usually takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. The first 2 years are spent on coursework. Students, even those who choose to leave without finishing the program, usually receive a master’s degree at this point.

The next 3–5 years are spent preparing a dissertation —a lengthy piece of writing based on independent research, which aims to make a significant original contribution to one’s field.

Master’s degrees tend to prepare you for a career outside of academia, while PhDs are designed to lead to a career in research.

Careers for master’s graduates

There are two types of master’s degrees: terminal and research-intensive. The career prospects are different for each.

Terminal master’s degrees are intended to prepare students for careers outside of academia. Some degrees, known as professional degrees, specifically prepare students for particular professions; these include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Other master’s degrees, usually Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Sciences (MS or MSc) degrees, do not necessarily lead to a specific career, but are intended to be a final degree. Examples include an MS in Communications or MS in Data Analytics.

In research-intensive master’s programs, students take coursework intended to prepare them for writing an original piece of research known as the master’s thesis . Such programs are usually intended to prepare for further study in a doctoral program.

Careers for PhD graduates

As research degrees, PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career. A PhD can be thought of like an apprenticeship, where students learn from professional researchers (academics) how to produce their own research.

Most students aspire to become a university professor upon the completion of their degree. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and the skills learned in a doctoral program often lend themselves well to other types of careers.

Some graduates who find they prefer teaching to producing research go on to be teachers at liberal arts colleges or even secondary schools. Others work in research-intensive careers in the government, private sector, or at think tanks.

Below are a few examples of specific fields and non-academic careers that are common destinations of graduates of those fields.

• Computer Science
• Lab Sciences

Many government jobs, including economists at a country’s central bank, are research-intensive and require a PhD. Think tanks also hire economists to carry out independent research.

In the private sector, economic consulting and technology firms frequently hire PhDs to solve real-world problems that require complex mathematical modeling.

Graduate students from the humanities are sometimes hired by museums, who can make use of their research and writing skills to curate exhibits and run public outreach.

Humanities PhDs are often well-suited to research and grant-writing roles at nonprofits. Since so much of research is funded by grants, PhD students often gain a lot of experience applying for them, which is a useful skill in the nonprofit sector.

There are a wide range of non-academic research jobs for lab scientists with doctorates in subjects like chemistry, biology, ecology and physics.

Many PhD graduates are hired by pharmaceutical companies that need to perform research to create and test their products. Government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also hire lab scientists to work on research projects.

Job prospects after graduation vary widely based on the field. In fields like management, computer science, statistics, and economics, there’s little underemployment—even graduates from less well-known programs can easily find jobs that pay well and use the skills they’ve gained from the PhD.

However, in other fields, particularly in the humanities, many PhD graduates have difficulty in the job market. Unfortunately, there are far more PhD graduates than assistant professor roles, so many instead take on part-time and low-paid roles as adjunct instructors. Even non-academic careers can sometimes be difficult for PhDs to move into, as they may be seen as “overqualified”  or as lacking in relevant professional experience.

Because career options post-PhD vary so much, you should take the time to figure out what the career prospects are in your field. Doctoral programs often have detailed “placement” records online in which they list the career outcomes of their graduates immediately upon leaving the program. If you can’t find these records, contact the program and ask for them—placement information should play an important role in your choice of PhD program.

Although PhDs take far longer to complete, students often receive a living stipend in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant. Master’s degrees are shorter but less likely to be funded.

Both master’s degrees and PhDs lead to increased salaries upon graduation. While PhDs usually earn a bit more than those with a master’s degree, in some fields, the wages are identical, meaning that no financial benefit is gained from going on to a PhD.

Cost of a master’s

The upfront cost of a master’s degree is usually higher than a doctoral degree due to the lower amount of financial aid available. However, increased salaries also arrive faster than with a doctoral degree, because people graduate much earlier from a master’s program.

Some master’s students do receive stipends for their degrees, usually as compensation for being a teaching or research assistant. In addition, many people complete master’s degrees part time while working full-time, which allows them to fund their living costs as well as tuition.

The cost varies significantly by school and program. Public schools are usually cheaper than private ones. Some master’s degrees, such as MBAs, are notoriously expensive, but also result in much higher wages afterwards that make up for the high cost.

The master’s wage premium , or the extra amount that someone with a master’s degree makes than someone with just a high school diploma, is 23% on average. Many universities provide detailed statistics on the career and salary outcomes of their students. If they do not have this online, you should feel free to contact an administrator of the program and ask.

Cost of a PhD

PhDs, particularly outside the humanities, are usually (though not always) funded, meaning that tuition fees are fully waived and students receive a small living stipend. During the last 3–5 years of a PhD, after finishing their coursework (and sometimes before), students are usually expected to work as graduate instructors or research assistants in exchange for the stipend.

Sometimes students can apply for a fellowship (such as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program in the United States) that relieves them of any obligations to be a teaching or research assistant. Doctoral programs in the US tend to be better funded than in the rest of the world.

Sometimes, PhD degrees can be completed part-time, but this is rare. Students are usually expected to devote at least 40 hours a week to their research and work as teaching or research assistants.

The main cost of doctoral programs comes in the form of opportunity cost—all the years that students could be working a regular, full-time job, which usually pays much better than a graduate school stipend.

The average wage premium for PhDs is 26%, which is not much higher than the master’s degree premium.

In the US, the application process is similar for master’s and PhD programs. Both will generally ask for:

• At least one application essay, often called a personal statement or statement of purpose .
• Letters of recommendation .
• A resume or CV .
• Transcripts.
• Writing samples.

Applications for both types of programs also often require a standardized test. PhDs usually require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tries to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative, critical thinking , and analytical writing skills. Many master’s programs require this test as well.

Applying for a master’s

Master’s degrees programs will often ask you to respond to specific essay prompts that may ask you to reflect upon not just your academic background, but also your personal character and future career ambitions.

Northwestern University’s Kellogg Business School requires Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) applicants write two essays, one about a recent time they demonstrated leadership and the second about their personal values.

Who you should ask for your letters of recommendation varies by program. If you are applying to a research-intensive master’s program, then you should choose former professors or research supervisors. For other programs, particularly business school, current work supervisors may be a better choice.

Some professional master’s programs require a specific test. For example, to apply to law school, you must take the Law School Admissions Test, or LSAT. For business school, you must take either the GRE or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Applying for a PhD

When applying for a PhD, your resume should focus more on your research background—you should especially emphasize any publications you’ve authored or presentations that you’ve given.

Similarly, your statement of purpose should discuss research that you’ve participated in, whether as an assistant or the lead author. You should detail what exactly you did in projects you’ve contributed to, whether that’s conducting a literature review, coding regressions, or writing an entire article.

Your letters of recommendations should be from former professors or supervisors who can speak to your abilities and potential as a researcher. A good rule of thumb is to avoid asking for recommendations from anyone who does not themselves have a PhD.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

College essays

• College essay examples
• College essay format
• College essay style
• College essay length
• Diversity essays
• Scholarship essays

Academic writing

• Writing process
• Avoiding repetition
• Literature review
• Conceptual framework
• Dissertation outline
• Thesis acknowledgements
• Burned or burnt
• Canceled or cancelled
• Dreamt or dreamed
• Gray or grey
• Theater vs theatre

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Thomas, L. (2024, May 09). Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences. Scribbr. Retrieved June 10, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/graduate-school/masters-vs-phd/

Is this article helpful?

Lauren Thomas

Other students also liked, when to apply for graduate school | month-by-month timeline, how to write a statement of purpose | example, how to write a graduate school resume | template & example, get unlimited documents corrected.

✔ Free APA citation check included ✔ Unlimited document corrections ✔ Specialized in correcting academic texts

• Master’s to Ph.D. Bridge Program
• Master’s Programs

Work toward your master’s and your Ph.D. at the same time.

Designed for students from underrepresented communities, our Bridge Program offers a tuition waiver and stipend, individualized mentorship, and advanced laboratory training.

Why Choose the Bridge Program? 

The Bridge Program is ideal for students who are passionate about research but want to strengthen their research skills before starting a doctoral program. As a Bridge Program participant, you’ll have the opportunity to engage with research groups, participate in faculty-led research and maybe even serve as a teaching assistant.

You’ll also receive a full tuition waiver and an annual stipend to cover personal expenses for up to two years. (Master’s program requirements can be fulfilled within two years of full-time study.) And you can transfer up to nine master’s course units toward your doctoral program.

Eligibility

The Bridge Program is intended for full-time students who want to pursue a doctoral degree but require additional mentorship and hands-on laboratory training to excel in a rigorous doctoral program. To be considered for this program, you must identify as both:

• A U.S. citizen or permanent resident, and
• A first-generation college student from a low-income family, and/or a student committed to the school’s goal of an inclusive student body.

How to Apply

There is no separate application for the Bridge Program. Eligible Ph.D. applicants who have been admitted will be contacted with more information on how to apply to this program.

For details about the Ph.D. application process, see How to Apply . 

From a BSc to a PhD?

I'm at the end of my second year as a BSc Psychology student, and I'm pretty sure that I'm heading down a career in academia (I have experience of it in a few different capacities, from doing a bit of casual research in my department to having an 18-month internship currently running alongside my degree doing research at the Anna Freud Centre in London). So now I'm starting to think about postgraduate courses. My main concern about doing a Masters is the cost, and I'm also quite keen to get stuck into doing my own research, rather than being taught more stuff. Hence my (preliminary) plan is to skip the Masters and go straight onto a PhD. Is it common for individuals to do this? Is it even possible? Do you need a 1st to do so? I averaged at 69% last year but my module marks were a bit all over the place, and it's difficult for me to tell how I'm going to do this year as the exam period is so tough in our department. I guess I'm just asking about the feasibility of going straight to a PhD, and also, not just about being accepted onto a PhD, but dealing with the transition of being 'babied' at undergrad. to doing it all myself at postgrad. Any help would be appreciated! Thank you for your time!

To be honest, regardless of your overall grade at undergraduate level you'll most likely need to do a masters before gaining a funded place on a PhD. If you are prepared to fund yourself that might be a different matter.

Hi there, I think that you need to do the masters first. I have a 2.1 and a 1st with my 2 degrees, and a post grad cert. Still i cannot get accepted on a phd. the feedback is you need to have the 'research skills' from the masters programme to be able to do a phd. So best advice and I'm in the same position, is do the masters then your be able to get onto a phd no problem. best of luck

Hi there! Im a psychology PhD person so can tell you a little about the experiences of myself and my fellow psychology people. To skip the masters isn't impossible. I have a friend who was able to do this. However, she worked hard as a research assistant with the guy who she ended up being supervised by for her PhD. And when she was working on her PhD still had to carry on some of her assistant work on top of doing her PhD work. My own experience is that I did do an MSc and funded this via a graduate loan, which I paid back over a period of 5 years. Obviously its not ideal to have to get into debt to fund your career, but sometimes you have to be willing to make sacrifices if you really want something. And I think that in psychology were quite lucky as there seems to be many more funded PhD studentships than in other subjects. I have friends who are doing humanities PhDs and its been much more difficult for them to get a funded PhD. Having said that, there is some funding out there for Psychology masters courses, but id recommend doing some research and applying for this as early as possible. It might also help to spend a couple of years working as a research assistant between masters and PhD as this enables you to learn the ropes and maybe give you an apportunity to get some publications under your belt. This will mean that you'll increase your chances of getting a funded PhD studentship. Hope that helps!! Good luck!

Firstly, thank you for all of your replies! You've been really helpful, so thank you. Snelison, it's great to hear from a Psychology PhD student! The internship I'm currently on is basically the role of research assistant in the sense that we have to carry out the study ourselves, do lit. reviews, and a lot of the write-up as well, and for those who put enough effort in, there's a chance of getting published (fingers crossed!) I know I'm doing this at the same time as my undergrad., but do you think it might help at all? The reason I asked about potentially skipping a Masters was because I know someone who has done so, but now I think about it more, it seems to have a lot to do with the PhD supervisor system; the guy I know has remained at the same institution he did his undergraduate degree at, so he obviously knew the lecturers well and so I guess they were more willing to take him on without a Masters. I'll look into the graduate loan thing, and other ways of self-funding a Masters, so thanks for the heads-up on that. You're right; it does seem like sacrifices have to be made in this area, but I truly can't imagine doing anything else with my life now, even though I know it's a tough route to go down. Is it possible to work part-time whilst doing a Masters, or is it a full-time commitment? May I ask what your Masters was in- i.e., was it in the more specific area of psychology that you've ended up doing your PhD on, or did you just do a Research Methods Masters or something like that? A friend of mine who is looking for a research assistant post has been saying that she's been struggling to find one despite being a very good student- but, saying that, she's only got her BSc and not a Masters, so that might be the key. I'm starting the third year of my degree in September, so I plan on doing my research and deciding where I want to apply by the end of summer- is this the right sort of timeframe? I know postgrad. applications can be a bit labour-intensive and I don't want it to detract from my third year work too much. Thank you once again for your help! I really appreciate it.

Hello Llacerta, I'm currently a second year PhD student in Psychology and I was having the same thinking as you a few years back. I'll try my best to answer your questions under different headings so it is as clear as possible. Academic In our department we have one PhD student who went from BSc to PhD and coped with the transition very well. She did study her BSc at the same University and that appears to be in line with what others have said. I know at our University, the guidelines are very strict. Even if you have an MSc in a related field or within Psychology/Research Methods from a different University you must complete two Postgraduate Statistics modules. This is to ensure skills in Statistics meet University requirements. I was very fortunate as I studied my MSc at the same University so did not need to complete these modules. It was tough for other students in my year to complete both of these alongside the full time commitments of the PhD. It is worth checking with Universities you apply to whether they have a similar system in place. As for entry requirements, I know many funded PhD studentships I looked at require an MSc. There are also some courses that require the MSc with Merit or Distinction. I know at my University, if you do not have a 1st at UG then you must have a 2.1 with a minimum of a good Merit in the MSc. I'm self funding my PhD as I wanted to work part time alongside it to improve career prospects and my MSc is in Developmental Psychopathology. Luckily, this MSc included 4 modules in Research Methods and 2 modules in Statistics so I met the research requirements. I believe most people have a MSc in Research Methods when applying for funded PhD studentships. Funding for PhD I have found this works in two ways. The first is that you apply for a funded studentship with a set supervisor on a set project that has been awarded a research grant. These are often advertised on jobs.ac.uk. The second is approaching a supervisor (or sometimes they approach you) with a research idea, applying for funding with a research council (normally ESRC for Psychology) and seeing of you are awarded a studentship. Both of these methods are very competitive but then what isn't these days! I have applied in both of these different methods. The first I came second place for the award which was very upsetting at the time but I didn't want to study full time anyway. The second method was with the ESRC, you get points awarded to you for your background, supervisors background and scientific merit of the proposal. Each of these are awarded a grade from A+ to E-. We achieved an A- in all three categories, however due to limited research funding, only the A+ (and not even all of them!) candidates received funding. Funding for MSc There are many graduate loans or career development loans that can be applied for now with local banks. If you are certain you want to apply for a PhD after the MSc, you can always look into ESRC 1+3 funding. This will cover both your MSc and PhD funding. I studied for my MSc full time and worked part time at the weekends which was doable. I did take a loan out and I have paid around 40% off in the last 2 1/2 years. If you really want to do the qualifications and progress in your career, then this is certainly one way to do it. When to apply - PhD All funding bodies have different deadlines, I applied for MRC/ESRC studentship that had a deadline of December (starting in the October), ESRC had a deadline of April and open competition was around June. Specific studentships open appear soon after award dates so it is worth knowing when those are. When to apply - MSc I applied for two MSc courses during my final year of my BSc. I believe one had a deadline of March and the other accepted applications until the August so it does differ quite a bit. I applied to one MSc in the April and had an interview within the month. I was sent my offer letter within 2 days of the intervi

It appears my last message was too long! To finish my section on when to apply for an MSc. I was saying that I was offered a place 2 days after my interview and 9 days after I finished my BSc so things can happen really quickly. I hope this helps! I think there are many different routes to follow after graduating from Psychology and it is not always clear what one we want/need to follow. I know after I finished my BSc I was interested in the DClinPsy so was also building up my clinical experience. I even completed a year in the NHS between my MSc and PhD which included a clinical PG (Cert) so you never know what lies ahead :-)

Wow, thank you so much, PsychBrainiac! You're right, there does seem to be many different routes one can go down- I mean, I knew it was a complicated process, but I don't think I quite anticipated how complicated it can get... You've answered all of my questions, so thank you. I have just one more quick query- I have spied a four-year programme at a couple of universities that sound amazing, incorporating both a Masters and a PhD, but unfortunately studentship places are very limited. I figure it's worth a shot, but is it possible to make several applications to the same university? For example, I might apply for the four-year programme and also a Research Methods Masters, since it's unlikely I'd get into the former. I know I've said thank you a lot, but you've really helped clarify the whole process for me! Seems like I've got a lot to think about this summer.

My pleasure! I'm really glad you have found this information useful. Yes, I was in exactly the same position 4-5 years back when I knew what wanted to do (or at least thought I knew!) but not too sure on how to go about it. After some looking around and research, I'm sure you will be absolutely fine. As far as I'm aware, yes, you can certainly apply for more than one course or scheme at any one University. I applied for the open competition at RHUL as well as applying with a potential supervisor through RHUL for another source of funding. It is certainly possible and as long as the schemes are similar in content, you will appear to have a set idea about how you wish to continue your career development. Good luck and keep us updated!

Ah, okay, that's good to know! Funny that you mention RHUL- that's where I'm a current student! You don't happen to be doing your PhD there at the moment, do you? Thanks once again!

Unfortunately no, I'm not too far away though as I'm studying at Reading :-)

Hello again fellow Psych PhD Forumers! It looks as though PsychBrainiac has provided pretty much all the relevant info. Great post! What i would add also is that it important to make sure you do stuff (either MSc or assistant posts) that you're going to find interesting. My MSc was Philosophy of Mental Disorder at KCL. It wasn't something i did because i thought it would help my career particularly, I just did it because it sounded fascinating, and it didn't disappoint! Also you cant rule out the influence of chance. Often our career trajectories go in the direction they do simply from being in the right place at the right time (or being in the wrong place at the wrong time unfortunately!). But with perseverance and resilience we can all get to where we want to be!! :-)

Post your reply

Postgraduate Forum

Masters Degrees

PhD Opportunities

Postgraduate Forum Copyright ©2024 All rights reserved

PostgraduateForum Is a trading name of FindAUniversity Ltd FindAUniversity Ltd, 77 Sidney St, Sheffield, S1 4RG, UK. Tel +44 (0) 114 268 4940 Fax: +44 (0) 114 268 5766

Welcome to the world's leading Postgraduate Forum

An active and supportive community.

Support and advice from your peers.

Your postgraduate questions answered.

Use your experience to help others.

Sign Up to Postgraduate Forum

Enter your email address below to get started with your forum account

Login to your account

Enter your username below to login to your account

Reset password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password

An email has been sent to your email account along with instructions on how to reset your password. If you do not recieve your email, or have any futher problems accessing your account, then please contact our customer support.

or continue as guest

Postgrad Forum uses cookies to create a better experience for you

To ensure all features on our website work properly, your computer, tablet or mobile needs to accept cookies. Our cookies don’t store your personal information, but provide us with anonymous information about use of the website and help us recognise you so we can offer you services more relevant to you. For more information please read our privacy policy

School of Graduate Studies

Guidelines for five-year phd direct-entry programs, introduction.

The School of Graduate Studies allows admission directly into a PhD program on the basis of an appropriate University of Toronto bachelor’s degree, or its equivalent from a recognized university, when the five-year PhD program is approved through University governance and offered by the graduate unit. Applicants are expected to be of exceptional promise and demonstrate superior academic performance.

1. Admission Requirements

Where a graduate unit allows direct entry from a bachelor’s degree to a PhD program, the academic requirements for admission will be as follows:

A . an appropriate U of T bachelor’s degree, or its equivalent from a recognized university, with at least an A-minus average in courses in the relevant discipline;

B . demonstration that the applicant is capable of independent research at an advanced level in the subject matter of the relevant program;

C . at least two strong supporting letters of recommendation attesting to the applicant’s research potential; and

D . other qualifications as may be specified by the graduate unit.

To be admitted as a candidate for the degree, the applicant must be accepted by the Admission Committee of the relevant graduate unit. A candidate accepted on the basis of a bachelor’s degree will be admitted to a five-year PhD program with a seven-year time limit for completion of all requirements for the degree.

Note: In certain circumstances, an applicant with a master’s degree might be admitted to a five-year program, as well: If the applicant has a master’s degree in a different field of study, or if the applicant hasa master’s degree in the same field of study but is judged to require significant additional preparation, he or she would normally be admitted to a five-year program.

2. Program Requirements

When a graduate unit allows direct entry from a bachelor’s degree to a PhD program, the graduate unit will specify the program requirements for such students. The program requirements for a PhD candidate who enters the PhD program on the basis of a bachelor’s degree should include a substantial portion of the requirements for a master’s degree in the relevant discipline (about two sessions of master’s degree level program requirements), together with the program requirements for a PhD candidate who enters the PhD program on the basis of a master’s degree. A graduate unit may require certain direct entry students to complete additional requirements beyond the normal ones when the graduate unit assesses their backgrounds as deficient in some area.

Graduate units will closely monitor the progress of direct entry students during the first year of the PhD program. They should, in particular, specify a minimum number of courses to be completed during the first year of the program, together with an acceptable minimum grade or average for those courses, in order for those students to maintain good academic standing and to be eligible to continue in the PhD program.

Note: Transfers from the Five-Year PhD Program to the Master’s Program

Students registered in the five-year PhD program are eligible to transfer to the master’s program under certain circumstances. See section 2 of “Transfers” (“PhD to Masters”), under the Degree Regulations for the Doctor of Philosophy, in the SGS Calendar .

• Top University in USA
• Top University in Canada
• Top University in Ireland
• Top Universities in UK
• Top Universities in Australia
• Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
• Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

• Study in USA
• Study in UK
• Study in Canada
• Study in Australia
• Study in Ireland
• Study in Germany
• Study in China
• Study in Europe

Student Visas

• Student Visa Canada
• Student Visa UK
• Student Visa USA
• Student Visa Australia
• Student Visa Germany
• Student Visa New Zealand
• Student Visa Ireland
• JEE Main 2024
• MHT CET 2024
• JEE Advanced 2024
• BITSAT 2024
• View All Engineering Exams
• Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
• Top Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
• Top IITs in India
• Top NITs in India
• Top IIITs in India
• JEE Main College Predictor
• JEE Main Rank Predictor
• MHT CET College Predictor
• AP EAMCET College Predictor
• GATE College Predictor
• KCET College Predictor
• JEE Advanced College Predictor
• View All College Predictors
• JEE Advanced Cutoff
• JEE Main Cutoff
• MHT CET Result 2024
• JEE Advanced Result
• Download E-Books and Sample Papers
• Compare Colleges
• B.Tech College Applications
• AP EAMCET Result 2024
• MAH MBA CET Exam
• View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

• MBA College Admissions
• MBA Colleges in India
• Top IIMs Colleges in India
• Top Online MBA Colleges in India
• MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
• BBA Colleges in India
• XAT College Predictor 2024
• SNAP College Predictor
• NMAT College Predictor
• MAT College Predictor 2024
• CMAT College Predictor 2024
• CAT Percentile Predictor 2024
• CAT 2024 College Predictor
• TS ICET 2024 Results
• AP ICET Counselling 2024
• CMAT Result 2024
• MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
• Download Helpful Ebooks
• List of Popular Branches
• QnA - Get answers to your doubts
• IIM Fees Structure
• AIIMS Nursing
• Top Medical Colleges in India
• Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
• Medical Colleges accepting NEET
• List of Medical Colleges in India
• List of AIIMS Colleges In India
• Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
• Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
• NEET College Predictor
• NEET PG College Predictor
• NEET MDS College Predictor
• NEET Rank Predictor
• DNB PDCET College Predictor
• NEET Result 2024
• NEET Asnwer Key 2024
• NEET Cut off
• NEET Online Preparation
• Download Helpful E-books
• Colleges Accepting Admissions
• Top Law Colleges in India
• Law College Accepting CLAT Score
• List of Law Colleges in India
• Top Law Colleges in Delhi
• Top NLUs Colleges in India
• Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
• Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

• CLAT College Predictor
• MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
• AILET College Predictor
• Sample Papers
• Compare Law Collages
• Careers360 Youtube Channel
• CLAT Syllabus 2025
• CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
• NID DAT Exam
• Pearl Academy Exam

Predictors & Articles

• NIFT College Predictor
• UCEED College Predictor
• NID DAT College Predictor
• NID DAT Syllabus 2025
• NID DAT 2025
• Design Colleges in India
• Top NIFT Colleges in India
• Fashion Design Colleges in India
• Top Interior Design Colleges in India
• Top Graphic Designing Colleges in India
• Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
• Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
• Top Interior Design Colleges in Bangalore
• NIFT Result 2024
• NIFT Fees Structure
• NIFT Syllabus 2025
• Free Sample Papers
• Free Design E-books
• List of Branches
• Careers360 Youtube channel
• IPU CET BJMC
• JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
• IIMC Entrance Exam
• Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
• Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
• Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
• List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
• Free Ebooks
• CA Intermediate
• CA Foundation
• CS Executive
• CS Professional
• Difference between CA and CS
• Difference between CA and CMA
• CA Full form
• CMA Full form
• CS Full form
• CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

• Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
• Master of Commerce (M.Com)
• Company Secretary
• Cost Accountant
• Charted Accountant
• Credit Manager
• Financial Advisor
• Top Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
• Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
• Top B.Com Colleges in India
• IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
• MCA Colleges in India
• BCA Colleges in India

Quick Links

• Information Technology Courses
• Programming Courses
• Web Development Courses
• Data Analytics Courses
• Big Data Analytics Courses
• RUHS Pharmacy Admission Test
• Top Pharmacy Colleges in India
• Pharmacy Colleges in Pune
• Pharmacy Colleges in Mumbai
• Colleges Accepting GPAT Score
• Pharmacy Colleges in Lucknow
• List of Pharmacy Colleges in Nagpur
• GPAT Result
• GPAT 2024 Admit Card
• GPAT Question Papers
• NCHMCT JEE 2024
• Mah BHMCT CET
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Delhi
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Hyderabad
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Mumbai
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Maharashtra
• B.Sc Hotel Management
• Hotel Management
• Diploma in Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Diploma Colleges

• Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
• UPSC IAS 2024
• SSC CGL 2024
• IBPS RRB 2024
• Previous Year Sample Papers
• Free Competition E-books
• Sarkari Result
• QnA- Get your doubts answered
• UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
• CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
• SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
• NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

• NDA Application Form 2024
• UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
• CDS Application Form 2024
• CTET Admit card 2024
• HP TET Result 2023
• SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
• UPTET Notification 2024
• SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

• SSC CHSL 2024
• UP PCS 2024
• UGC NET 2024
• RRB NTPC 2024
• IBPS PO 2024
• IBPS Clerk 2024
• IBPS SO 2024
• CBSE Class 10th
• CBSE Class 12th
• UP Board 10th
• UP Board 12th
• Bihar Board 10th
• Bihar Board 12th
• Top Schools in India
• Top Schools in Delhi
• Top Schools in Mumbai
• Top Schools in Chennai
• Top Schools in Hyderabad
• Top Schools in Kolkata
• Top Schools in Pune
• Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

• JEE Main Knockout April
• NCERT Notes
• NCERT Syllabus
• NCERT Books
• RD Sharma Solutions
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11
• NCERT solutions for Class 10
• NCERT solutions for Class 9
• NCERT solutions for Class 8
• NCERT Solutions for Class 7
• CUET PG 2024
• IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
• DU Admission 2024
• UP B.Ed JEE 2024
• LPU NEST 2024
• IIT JAM 2024
• IGNOU Online Admission 2024
• Universities in India
• Top Universities in India 2024
• Top Colleges in India
• Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Bihar
• Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
• Central Universities in India
• CUET DU Cut off 2024
• IGNOU Date Sheet
• CUET DU CSAS Portal 2024
• CUET Response Sheet 2024
• CUET Result 2024
• CUET Participating Universities 2024
• CUET Previous Year Question Paper
• CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
• E-Books and Sample Papers
• CUET Exam Pattern 2024
• CUET Exam Date 2024
• CUET Cut Off 2024
• CUET Exam Analysis 2024
• IGNOU Exam Form 2024
• CUET PG Counselling 2024
• CUET Answer Key 2024

Engineering Preparation

• Knockout JEE Main 2024
• Test Series JEE Main 2024
• JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

• Knockout NEET 2024
• Test Series NEET 2024
• Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

• JEE Main One Month Course
• NEET One Month Course
• IBSAT Free Mock Tests
• IIT JEE Foundation Course
• Knockout BITSAT 2024
• Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

• IT & Software Certification Courses
• Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
• Programming And Development Certification Courses
• Business and Management Certification Courses
• Marketing Certification Courses
• Health and Fitness Certification Courses
• Design Certification Courses
• Specializations
• Digital Marketing Certification Courses
• Cyber Security Certification Courses
• Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
• Business Analytics Certification Courses
• Data Science Certification Courses
• Cloud Computing Certification Courses
• Machine Learning Certification Courses
• View All Certification Courses
• UG Degree Courses
• PG Degree Courses
• Short Term Courses
• Free Courses
• Online Degrees and Diplomas
• Compare Courses

Top Providers

• Coursera Courses
• Udemy Courses
• Edx Courses
• Swayam Courses
• upGrad Courses
• Simplilearn Courses
• Great Learning Courses

How to Apply for PhD After Bachelors?

How to Apply for PhD after Bachelor's: USA continues to maintain its stronghold as the most preferred study abroad destination as numerous students from across the world apply to various programs in its universities every year. Universities for Ph.D. in USA for Indian students or any other international students offer a wide scope for research in their subject of interest. USA attracts a large number of foreign students wishing to pursue a Ph.D. in USA, as the country invests a lot in research and development. This is why international students prefer to study in the USA , especially for a Ph.D. after their bachelor’s degree. The USA holds an edge over several countries in a way that its universities offer PhD programs to students wishing to pursue PhD in USA soon after their Bachelor's degree. What's more, many of these universities offer students a master's degree en route to a Ph.D. degree. But how to apply for PhD directly after bachelor's? Read the full article to know how to apply for PhD abroad after bachelor's in USA. TOP EXAMS: IELTS | TOEFL | GRE | G MAT Country Guide: UK | Ireland | Australi a | Canada

Can students apply for a Ph.D. after a bachelor’s in USA?

What is a combined ms and ph.d. degree.

• How to apply for Ph.D. after a bachelor's degree?

Top Reasons to Pursue PhD after Bachelors

List of countries offering phd after bachelor’s.

While it is not the norm, there are quite a few universities in USA that allow students to opt for a Ph.D. after bachelor’s. However, while knowing how to apply for PhD after bachelors, the candidates must know that some of these universities do not let students skip their master's degree altogether. In fact, in most cases, the master’s program is clubbed with the Ph.D.

While some universities in USA let students apply for a Ph.D. after a bachelor’s, it is, however, a combined master's and Ph.D. program. Therefore, a student gets a master's degree on his way to a Ph.D. degree. The master's program goes on for 2-3 years and thereafter the student can continue with his Ph.D. studies. Interestingly, some universities automatically confer a master's degree upon admission while some others may require the aspirant to take a few extra credits of coursework to lead to the master's degree. The below table also mentions the details like how many years for Ph.D. after bachelor's.

Shortlist best ranked universities & get expert guidance

Want to study in Ireland? Explore Universities & Courses

Top universities in the US for PhD after bachelor’s degree

(Not all the programs offered by the US universities cover combined MS and PhD. Check the individual sites of the universities for more information)

In case students want to do a PhD in America after their bachelor’s degree, remember that there is no definite list of universities in USA that offer a Ph.D. after a bachelor’s degree. But the good news is many universities do not insist on a master's degree to apply for a Ph.D. program. However the admission for Ph.D. requirements in USA for international students requirements varies between universities and even departments, so they will need to check the requirements before they apply. When applying for a Ph.D. degree after a bachelor’s degree, ensure that they have a strong application because they will be competing for a place in a Ph.D. program with candidates who may have a master's degree.

Know about study in abroad countries:

How to apply for Ph.D. after a bachelor's degree?

The application process of how to apply for PhD is similar to applying for any other degree in the university. The application can be sent online through the university website but before checking about how to apply for PhD, the candidates need to check a few requirements for PhD.

Requirements to pursue PhD after Bachelors

The entry requirements for a combined MS and Ph.D. program are similar to that of a doctorate, as most applicants for the combined program would not have an advanced degree or journal publications. Admission to a combined degree can also be very competitive with most universities accepting just 3-4 candidates in a session.

1. Strong GPA - Candidates must have an excellent grade point average (GPA) to qualify for the programs. Students from other boards can find the equivalent of the GPA to assess their eligibility.

2. Standardized test scores - Candidates have to score very high points in the standardized scores. Here the student will be asked to submit test scores.

GRE: GRE is mandatory for almost all Ph.D. programs, including management studies, after a bachelor’s in the USA. In the case of doctoral programs, most students are required to present GRE subject scores of the course as well.

GMAT: GMAT is taken for admission to management studies. Business schools offering Ph.Ds in business management accept GMAT scores for admission into a wide range of Ph.D. programs in management.

TOEFL: TOEFL is an English proficiency test for students from non-native English-speaking countries. For international students, a high TOEFL score is a must for admission to Ph.D. courses.

IELTS: IELTS is also accepted for international students' admission to Ph.D. programs. Like TOEFL, it is also an English proficiency test for students from non-native English-speaking countries. The IELTS test measures a candidate’s English language command in four different parameters- Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking.

3. Letter of Recommendation (LOR) - One of the most important elements for admission to direct PhD programmes is a letter of recommendation . The letter of recommendation is an independent assessment of a candidate's potential. Most universities require at least two to three recommendation letters. It is advisable for students to have letters of recommendation written by either their professors or employees

4. Statement of Purpose (SOP) - The statement of purpose is another important element of the application package for admission to direct Ph.D. programs in the USA. It reflects the student's commitment to the Ph.D. program and goals in his life.

5. Resume - At the Ph.D. level, many universities would require the student to submit a resume along with the application. The resume should contain the candidate's basic information like date of birth, academic qualifications, achievements and details of any previous work in his area of interest.

6. Research projects - It is always helpful if the aspirant has the Ph.D. as an elective subject in the final year of their bachelor’s. Also, one can get additional points if the application is accompanied by any research or journal publications or any projects in the related field.

7. Interview - Most of the universities for PhD in the USA offering direct PhD hold a separate interview round for the aspirants. As in most cases, the Ph.D. interviews are conducted by invitation only. The questions are general as well as specific to the subject the candidate wants to pursue.

• Saves Time - Pursuing a PhD is a long time-consuming process and commitment for years. So combining a master's with PhD does not totally skip the master's duration but enables to study without a break period.
• Early chance for Teaching - While continuing this PhD, students can work as assistant professor lecturers at a young age. Candidates can enjoy the benefits of teaching and learning at the same time.
• Expertise in the Field - Rather than focusing time only on the theoretical learning of masters, the candidates get an early chance to research and get experts in their chosen field.

For students who are looking forward to pursuing PhD after bachelors, there are many abroad countries that accept admissions. The process of how to apply for PhD more or less remains the same.

• Netherlands

Manipal University Online MBA

Apply for Online MBA from Manipal University

Even though these countries provide courses for PhD after bachelors, every university has its own course specifications and eligibility. The candidates have to look up each university's PhD requirements individually before applying.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

The cost of a PhD program varies between universities. The average cost can be between 12,000 to 150,000 USD per year depending on the program or the university. In addition living expenses can be anywhere between 20,000 to 40,000 USD per year.

International students have access to numerous scholarship options when pursuing a PhD program in the USA. They can also apply for assistantships, financial aid and work while studying to reduce their tuition cost for a PhD program.

The average length of a PhD program is between 4 to 6 years. This includes coursework, research projects and dissertation.

Many PhD courses in top universities will be provided with fully-funded scholarships in USA. Few of the PhD programs in USA which are fully funded are: PhD in Business at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, PhD in Anthropology at the University of Chicago, PhD in Chemical Engineering at Cornell University, etc. 

To apply for a PhD, the candidates must have completed a bachelor's or master's degree, along with good GRE scores and English proficiency test scores.

Based on the course program the PhD duration after bachelors will be varying from 5 years to 7 years.

Yes, there are many universities abroad that accept PhD admissions on the bachelor's education qualification. This criterion can change depending on the university and course so it is suggested the candidate to check the admission requirements of each course they wish to apply for. However, most of these courses integrate the PhD along with a master's. Here the candidate will complete both the master's and PhD in one go.

The integrated PhD courses that can be applied after completion of a bachelor's, have a course duration of 4 to 7 years. However, these courses also include the master's for 1  to 2 years in the initial phase of their degree.

It is possible to pursue a PhD without obtaining a Master’s degree. However, it depends upon several factors such as your individual background, the field of study you wish to pursue, the duration of the PhD program, and the geographical location. It is to be noted that the specific requirements for admission may differ from country to country.

It usually requires several years of focused study and research to obtain a PhD, usually lasting from 4 to 7 years or even longer. Nevertheless, there exist accelerated programs that enable exceptional students to finish their PhD in a shorter duration, usually within 1-2 years. Such programs usually require students to have already accomplished a substantial amount of pertinent coursework and research at the undergraduate and/or master's level.

The average annual salary for a PhD holder in India is approximately Rs. 24 lakhs. Nevertheless, this figure may vary depending on the employer, industry, and location of work.

Students who have successfully completed their eighth semester of their Bachelor's degree program (or are awaiting their results) and have achieved a minimum CGPA of 7.5/10 or an equivalent percentage are eligible to apply for direct admission to the Ph.D. program.

• Latest Articles

Upcoming Studyabroad Exams

Law school admission test.

Result Date : 26 June,2024

Certifications By Top Providers

• Most Viewed

Explore Top Universities Across Globe

• Universities
• Popular Articles

Related E-books & Sample Papers

Ace ielts speaking: expert conversations & top tips for 8+ bands.

52 + Downloads

IELTS Exam Guide

19815 + Downloads

ACT Mock Test

503 + Downloads

ACT Syllabus

187 + Downloads

ACT Practice Test Science

108 + Downloads

ACT Practice Test Maths

71 + Downloads

IELTS 2024 Listening Section - Study Material PDF

2040 + Downloads

GRE Psychology Practice Test

177 + Downloads

GRE Physics Practice Test

103 + Downloads

GRE Maths Practice Test

116 + Downloads

GRE Syllabus for Psychology

98 + Downloads

GRE Syllabus for Physics

123 + Downloads

Applications for Admissions are open.

TOEFL ® Registrations 2024

Accepted by more than 11,000 universities in over 150 countries worldwide

GRE ® Registrations 2024

Apply for GRE® Test now & save 10% with ApplyShop Gift Card | World's most used Admission Test for Graduate & Professional Schools

PTE Exam 2024 Registrations

Register now for PTE & Save 5% on English Proficiency Tests with ApplyShop Gift Cards

Explore Universities, Courses & Subjects | Work while study

Apply for upcoming intake & plan your journey

MET Institute of International Studies BBA Admissions 2024

B.Sc (Hons)/BA (Hons) Business Administration, is an International BBA programme offered at MET Institute of International Studies, Mumbai

Stay up-to date with News

Explore on careers360.

• Explore Top Study Abroad Exams
• Study Destinations and Visa
• TOEFL Syllabus
• TOEFL Exam Pattern
• TOEFL Eligibility
• TOEFL Registration
• TOEFL Result
• LSAT Eligibility
• LSAT Scores
• LSAT Test Dates
• LSAT Test Centres
• LSAT Eligibility Criteria
• LSAT Sample Papers
• LSAT Exam Pattern
• LSAT Preparation Tips
• LSAT Syllabus
• LSAT Selection Process
• IELTS Application Form
• MCAT Test Dates
• IELTS Cut Off
• MCAT Exam Pattern
• IELTS Eligibility Criteria
• MCAT Syllabus
• IELTS Preparation Books And Study Materials
• MCAT Registration
• IELTS Preparation Tips
• MCAT Eligibility
• GRE Test Syllabus
• GRE Sample Paper
• GRE Eligibility Criteria
• GRE Registration
• GRE Test Pattern
• GRE Test Dates
• GRE Test Centres
• GRE Preparation Tips
• GRE Selection Procedure
• SAT Preparation Tips
• SAT Syllabus
• SAT Test Centres
• SAT Exam Pattern
• SAT Test Eligibility
• SAT Registration
• SAT Exam Dates
• SAT Sample Papers
• USMLE Exam Dates
• USMLE Test Centres
• USMLE Scores
• USMLE Application Form
• USMLE Eligibility Criteria
• ACT Test Dates
• ACT Registration
• ACT Eligibility Criteria
• ACT Exam Pattern
• ACT Test Centres
• GMAT Test Dates
• GMAT Exam Pattern
• GMAT Syllabus
• GMAT Registration
• GMAT Eligibility
• GMAT Scores

Popular Study Abroad Countries

• Study in Singapore
• Student Visa For Canada
• Student Visa For UK
• Student Visa For USA
• Student Visa For Australia
• Germany Student Visa
• New Zealand Student Visa
• Student Visa For Ireland

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Certifications

We Appeared in

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean?

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD (and more) are abbreviations of British degrees.

They reflect the specific level and discipline of a qualification achieved at university.

While most courses are conducted on a full-time basis, there are options for part-time, distance learning and other flexible learning arrangements.

Here is a breakdown of some of the most common qualifications and ones that Aberystwyth University offers.

• BA = Bachelor of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• BSc = Bachelor of Sciences;
• BENG = Bachelor of Engineering (Software, Robotics and Physics);
• LLB = Bachelor of Law.

Achieved after 3 to 4 years of study. The extra year (for a 4 year course) can be from a year studying abroad or a year working in industry.

Integrated-Masters:

• MARTS = Masters of Arts;
• MBIOL = Masters of Biology;
• MCOMP = Masters of Computer Science;
• MENG = Masters of Engineering;
• MMATH = Masters of Mathematics;
• MPHYS = Masters of Physics;
• MSCI = Masters of Sciences and Humanities.

4 years course (3-year Bachelors, 1 year Masters) that enables you to secure a loan for the full duration rather than having to fund a Masters degree separately.

• MA = Masters of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
• MSc = Masters of Sciences;
• MBA = Masters of Business Administration;
• MPhil = Masters of Philosophy: Advanced research Masters degree;
• MRes = Masters of Research: Contains some taught and research elements;
• LLM = Masters of Law.

Achieved after graduation from Bachelors level, usually 1-2 years duration.

• PhD = Doctor of Philosophy: for a range of disciplines.

Achieved after graduating from Masters level, usually 3-8 years duration.

A wide range of Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Further-Research courses – across the Arts and Sciences – are available at Aberystwyth.

• Announcements
• Bachelor of Science (Research)
• B.Tech. (Mathematics and Computing)
• M.Tech. and M.Des.
• M.Tech through CFTI Mode
• Joint M. Tech in Semiconductor Technology
• 1 Year M. Engg.
• M.Tech/M.Des for Sponsored Candidates (Govt. & PSU)
• M.Tech. (Online) for Sponsored Candidates
• Integrated Ph.D.
• M.Tech. (Research) and Ph.D. Programmes
• External Registration Program (ERP) for Ph.D./M.Tech. (Research)
• Programs for OCI and International Students
• Message From Deans of Faculties
• Entry Modes into IISc
• Information at a Glance
• List of CFTI
• Fees and Scholarship
• Formats for Certificates
• Cut off Report of previous years
• Contact – Admissions Unit
• Contact – Departments
• My Life@IISc: a student perspective
• Relevant External Websites
• Important Dates
• International and OCI Students
• Instructions for Online Admissions Portal
• Online Admissions Portal

Integrated Ph. D. Programmes

You should apply through the Online Admissions Applications Portal . Instructions for the portal are provided here .

, Selection Procedure, Online Application Instructions Please click here

Important deadlines, click here to view

Fee structure, click here to view .

• Biological Sciences
• Chemical Sciences
• Physical Sciences
• Mathematical Sciences

Department/Centre/Unit: Biochemistry, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics, Molecular Biophysics, Microbiology & Cell Biology, and Centre for Neuroscience (BS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: A minimum of first class or equivalent in Bachelor’s or an equivalent degree in Physical, Chemical, or Biological Sciences (including Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, Veterinary Sciences, and Agricultural Sciences) or A minimum of first class or equivalent in BE/B Tech degree.

Areas of Research: Biomembranes – Physical and Physiological Studies; Structure-Function of Nucleic Acids; Gene Structure and Function in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes; Microbial and Human Genetics; Recombinant DNA Technology; Molecular Virology and Mechanisms of Disease Processes; Enzymology, Protein Chemistry and Engineering; Cellular and Applied Immunology; Molecular Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology; Conformation of Biomolecules and Biopolymers; Protein and Virus Crystallography; Structural Biology; Mathematical Ecology; Human Ecology; Behaviour and Sociobiology; Conservation Ecology; Evolutionary Biology, Ecophysiology, Plant Molecular Biology and Development, Imprinting, Molecular Oncology, Cell Biology. Neurobiology of diseases, Nervous System Development; Learning and Memory and Synaptic Physiology; Cognitive Neuroscience and Computation in visual and motor systems.

Department/Centre/Unit: Organic Chemistry, Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Solid State & Structural Chemistry Unit and Materials Research Centre (CS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: First Class in B Sc or an equivalent degree with Chemistry as one of the main subjects with Mathematics at the PUC or Plus 2 level.

Areas of Research: Ultrafast Chemical Dynamics; Theoretical Chemistry; Statistical Phenomena; Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Chemical Kinetics; Solid State Materials Chemistry; Amorphous Materials; Nanomaterials; Ceramics; Super-Conductors; Biomaterials; Synthetic Organic, Physical Organic and Organometallic Chemistry; Chemistry of Transition & Non-Transition Metals; Bioorganic Chemistry; Chemical Biology;  Biomaterials and Biological Processes at Materials Interface; Supramolecular Chemistry and  Applications; Chemistry and Applications of Polymers; Electrochemistry: Principles, Electrochemical Energy Storage and Generation, Electrochemical Devices; Thin film devices;Molecular and Van der Walls Spectroscopy; Development of NMR Methodologies and Applications.

Department/Centre/Unit: Physics and Centre for High Energy Physics, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics (PS).

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: A minimum of first class or equivalent in B.Sc. or an equivalent degree with Physics as one of the main subjects or BE/B Tech or equivalent in any discipline.

Areas of Research: (A) Experimental Studies: (I) Condensed Matter Physics (Ii) Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, and (Iii) X-Ray Crystallography of Bio-Molecular Structures. Specific Areas Include: Raman and Other Spectroscopies; Fast Ionic Conductivity; Manipulation of Matter By Light, Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms, Ion Trapping, Precision Laser Spectroscopy; Magnetism, Spintronics, Magnetic Thin Films, Magnetotransport; Quantum Transport in Low-Dimensional and Disordered Materials, The Metal-Insulator Transition; Magnetic Resonance Phenomena; NMR Spectroscopy; Nanoscience and Nanomaterials; Superconductivity in Bulk as well as Thin Films; Semiconductors; Ferroelectricity, Crystal Growth Studies, Nonlinear Optical Materials, Multiferroics; Phase Transition Studies, High Pressure and Low Temperature Studies, Study of Low Dimensional Materials, Amorphous Materials, Novel Glasses and Nanocomposites; Soft Condensed Matter: Colloids, Surfactants and Biological Material; Peptide and Protein Crystallography, Complexation Studies and Drug-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Molecular Modeling, Database Analysis; Polymer Physics, Surface X-Ray Scattering, Surface Phase Transitions. (B)Theoretical Studies On a Variety of Aspects of Condensed Matter Physics, in Particular: Strongly Correlated Systems, Quantum Many-Body Theory and Magnetism, Exotic Order and Quantum Criticality; Phase Transitions, Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics; Disordered and Amorphous Systems, The Glass Transition, Neural Networks; Spatiotemporal Chaos and Turbulence in Fluids, Plasmas and Cardiac Tissue; Soft Condensed Matter: Colloids, Surfactants, Membranes, Liquid Crystals, Vortex Lattices; Biological Physics: The Mechanics of Living Matter; Molecular Modeling of Soft and Bio-Materials. (C) High Energy Physics: Quantum Field Theory, The Standard Model of Particle Physics and Beyond, Physics of and At High Energy Particle Colliders, Field Theory in Non-Commutative Space Time, Quantum Computation, Applications of Quantum Field Theory To Condensed Matter Systems, String Theory. High Energy Physics; Experiment. CMS Experiment at CERN; Large Hadron Collider. (D) Astronomy & Astrophysics: Theoretical Cosmology, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Structure formation, Gravitational Lensing, Physics Around Black Holes, Nuclear Astrophysics, Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Compact Objects, Plasma Astrophysics, Computational Astrophysics, Galaxy Clusters, Galactic Astronomy, Interstellar Matter, Astrophysical Turbulence

Department/Centre/Unit: Mathematics (MS)

BASIC QUALIFICATION FOR ELIGIBILITY: First Class in B Sc or equivalent degree with Mathematics as one of the subjects or BE/ B Tech or equivalent degree.

Areas of Research: Numerical Analysis, Partial Differential Equations, Controllability, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Probability Theory, Random Matrix Theory and Random Analytic Functions, Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes, Stochastic Control, Stochastic Dynamic Games, Stochastic Geometry, Interacting Particle Systems,, Time Series Analysis with Applications to Neuroscience, Mathematical Finance, Functional Analysis, Harmonic Analysis, Several Complex Variables, Operator Theory, Algebraic Topology, Geometric Topology, Combinatorial Topology, Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Geometry, Differential Geometry, Representation Theory, Non-commutative Geometry, Combinatorics, Mathematical Physics, Experimental Mathematics, Modular Forms, Analytic Number Theory.

Eligibility and Selection Procedure

• Eligibility
• Selection Procedure

Additional notes

(a) Candidates with a Bachelor’s degree in Biology/Biotechnology/ Chemistry/ Physics/ Mathematics/ Pharmacy/ Veterinary Sciences/ Agriculture as applicable to individual discipline, under the 10+2+3/4 system, are eligible to apply to this program.

(b) The minimum requirement for admission to the Integrated Ph D programme is a FIRST CLASS or equivalent Grade in the Bachelor’s degree (as declared by the University) as indicated against each department.

(c) The minimum requirement of FIRST CLASS in the qualifying examination is relaxed to PASS CLASS for SC/ST candidates.

(d) Some departments have specific requirements of subjects at the Bachelor’s or 10+2 levels. Candidates have to ensure that they meet these requirements.

(e) Those in the final year of their qualifying examination and awaiting results are also eligible to apply. However, they should have completed all the requirements for the award of the qualifying degree, including all examinations, dissertation projects, viva-voce, etc., by the time of joining.

(f) While the regular PhD program allows an exemption from GATE scores for students with a 4-year degree from a CFTI and with a >= 8.0 CGPA out of 10.0, this is not applicable to Integrated PhD programme.

The short-listing of candidates for in-person(offline) interview is done based on the performance in JAM 2024. Short listing for Physical Sciences is also done based on JEST 2024. The selection of candidates for admission to research programmes is through an interview to be held at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. To see Important Dates

Selection – For Biological, Physical and Mathematical Sciences selection will be based on the combined performance in the Test and in Interview. For Chemical Sciences, selection will be based only on the performance in the Interview.

Candidates written the following papers in JAM are eligible for the discipline(s) to which they seek admission.

(a) The interview letters for the short-listed candidates will be sent by email and the same is available on the Applicant’s interface after login to the Admission Portal. Such candidates shall make necessary arrangements for attending the interview. No separate communication will be sent by post. TA (second class sleeper class train fare) will be paid to all the SC/ST candidates who attend the in-person interview.

(b) Candidates called for an interview have to make their own arrangements for travel and accommodation etc.

(c) Candidates called for an interview should bring with them attested copies of all the transcripts (marks cards from SSLC or equivalent onwards, degree certificates of the qualifying examination, etc.) and produce them before the interview committee, failing which, they will not be interviewed.

(d) Candidates belonging to the SC/ST category should bring the original caste/tribe certificates, issued by competent authorities for purposes of verification.

(e) If you belong to Economically Weaker Section (EWS) – you must produce the original Income and Asset Certificate issued on or after 01 April 2024 by the competent authority at the time of interview.

(f) If you belong to OBC-NCL catregory – you must produce the valid OBC-NCL issued on or after 01 April 2024 by the competent authority at the time of interview.

(g) Candidate belonging to PwD (person-with-disability), KM (Kashmiri-Migrant) categories should produce the originals of the appropriate certificates, issued as per Government of India rules, and Kashmiri Pandit/Kashmiri Hindu Family living in Kashmiri valley should produce Kashmiri valley domicle certificate.

(h) The offer letter for the selected candidates will be posted on Applicant’s interface on IISc Admission portal under Application Status. You can download the offer letter and make necessary arrangements including payment of fees etc. No separate communication will be sent by post.

(i) The candidates admitted to the Integrated Ph D programmes should report to the Institute for completing admission formalities.

(j) At the time of joining, candidates should have completed all the requirements for the award of the qualifying degree including all examinations, dissertation projects, viva-voce, etc.

(k) Only candidates who produce all the mark sheets and degree certificates (original or provisional) issued by the University Authority will be given regular admission.

(l) Candidates who are awaiting results but have completed all formalities for the award of a degree should produce at the time of joining, a Course-Completion Certificate, issued by the Head of the institution (The Principal/Registrar). Such candidates will be given only provisional admission, which will be regularized on their producing all the marks sheets and degree certificates (original, or provisional) etc., issued by the University Authority on or before 31 October 2024, failing which, the provisional admission stands cancelled.

(m) Candidates who are given provisional admission are eligible for a scholarship only on regularisation of admission (on production of the required documents). They will be paid a scholarship with retrospective effect, i.e., from the date of joining.

NOTE: The results for some of the recent National Entrance Tests, such as GATE/ JAM etc, may not be available at the time of submitting the IISc admissions application. You must enter the available details of these exams, such as your enrolment/ roll number, paper, etc., in the application, but you may leave the score/rank/results blank. You will have the option to update your national entrance results in the application from the main “Application Status” page. You must make this update within 3 days of the results being declared.

Programme Details for Admissions 2023-24

• Equipment Directory
• Business Development
• Procurement & Contracts
• Faculty directory
• KU Connect (KU Portal)
• Webmail (Office 365)
• Banner Student Registration
• ADERP – [Off Campus]
• ADERP – [On Campus]
• MFA Self-Service
• Future Students
• Prospective Bachelors
• Prospective Masters & PhD

• Undergraduate Admissions
• Postgraduate Admissions
• Scholarships

College of Engineering and Physical Sciences

• College of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
• College of Medicine And Health Sciences
• Academic Calendar
• General Education Unit
• Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL)
• Cyber Security Academy
• Undergraduate
• Postgraduate
• Continuing Education Department
• Accreditation
• Body Museum
• Khazna – Institutional Repository
• University Research Council
• Research Offices
• R&D Facilities
• Research Centers
• Technology, Management & Innovation
• Research Groups & Labs
• Student Council
• Clubs and Association
• Student Events & Programs
• Getting Around
• Resident Life
• Career And Alumni Services
• Student Success
• Events Calendar
• Brand Guidelines
• Newsletters and Publications
• Exhibitions and Conferences
• Achievements & Rankings
• Provost Office
• Research & Development Office
• Ethics & Compliance
• Living in Abu Dhabi
• Partnerships and Initiatives
• Environment heath and safety campus
• Sustainability
• Organizational Chart
• ISO Certificates
• Khazna – Institutional Repository
• Civil Security Unit
• Research Projects
• Clubs & Associations
• Pre-Medicine Bridge
• Doctor Of Medicine (M.D.)

Postgraduate Programs

Scholarships.

Khalifa University’s interdisciplinary Master’s degree and PhD programs are focused on the skills and sectors in greatest demand regionally and internationally. Our internationally renowned faculty give students hands-on training and guidance to become world-class problem-solvers. Students work in our cutting-edge labs and on-site with our industry partners to hone their scientific and technical skills.

To date, Khalifa University has awarded over 1,800 master’s and doctoral degrees to qualifying students.

Graduate programs, at both Master’s and PhD levels, are offered in both the College of Engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences. The University offers 20 Master’s degree programs, of which some offer optional concentrations, and six PhD degree programs, one of which offers eleven optional concentrations.

Khalifa University of Science and Technology offers a range of graduate programs designed for the pursuit of advanced specialized knowledge and skills in engineering, medicine, security, science and technology. Students engage in cutting-edge research and formulate innovative solutions to contemporary global challenges. Selected programs also allow students to focus their coursework in a chosen area via an optional track or concentration.

• Space Systems and Technology
• Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems
• Food Process Engineering and Technology
• Metallurgical Engineering
• Master of Science in Civil and Infrastructural Engineering
• Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Technology Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
• Complex Systems Acquisition and Management
• Master of Science in Health Systems Management - NEW
• Master of Science in Nuclear Engineering
• Master of Science in Petroleum Engineering
• Master of Science in Water and Environmental Engineering
• Master of Engineering in Health, Safety and Environmental Engineering
• Master of Science in Applied Chemistry
• Master of Science in Medical Physics
• Master of Science in Petroleum Geosciences
• Aerospace Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering
• Electrical and Computer Engineering
• Engineering Systems and Management
• Material Science and Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Nuclear Engineering (offered to UAE and Saudi Nationals only)
• Petroleum Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry
• Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Sciences
• Doctor of Philosophy in Physics

College Of Computing And Mathematical Sciences

• Computational Systems
• Data Analytics
• Artificial Intelligence
• Master of Science in Applied Mathematics
• Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

• Master of Science in Biomedical Engineering
• Master of Science in Molecular Life Sciences
• Biomedical Engineering
• Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular Life Sciences
• PhD in Biomedical Sciences
• PhD in Public Health

PG Academic Catalogues

Khalifa University of Science and Technology offers its graduate students comprehensive scholarships that cover all necessary educational expenses and may also offer recipients the potential to earn an attractive monthly stipend. The scholarships available are as follows:

The Buhooth Scholarship Program is an ambitious initiative that aims to achieve the vision of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, to transform the UAE into a center of excellence in engineering and science research. The initiative offers Master’s and Doctorate scholarships to UAE Nationals with the aim of promoting graduate studies and research, as well as developing specialized human capital in the areas of science and engineering for the benefit of national institutions.

Students accepted to the Buhooth program will be registered in selected Master’s and Doctorate programs offered by Khalifa University of Science and Technology, or top international universities.

Buhooth Scholarship Benefits

Please note that scholarship benefits are subject to change.

• Monthly stipend
• Full coverage of tuition fees
• Support to attend international research conferences
• Opportunity to visit international research centers

There are two types of Buhooth Scholarship:

1) UAE-Based Buhooth

This scholarship will provide an opportunity for applicants to pursue Master’s and Doctorate degree studies at Khalifa University of Science and Technology.

• The scholarship will be open for selected majors only, as determined by Khalifa University of Science and Technology.
• Under the conditions of the scholarship, an applicant holding a Bachelor’s degree must sign a contract committing to completing their Master’s degree at Khalifa University of Science and Technology.
• Under the conditions of the scholarship, an applicant holding a Master’s degree must sign a contract committing to complete their Doctorate degree at Khalifa University of Science and Technology.
• The indicative monthly stipend for UAE-based Buhooth Scholarship is as follows (subject to change):

During MSc:     Single AED 30,000      Married AED 33,000 During PhD:     Single AED 36,000      Married AED 39,000

2)   International Buhooth

This scholarship aims to provide an opportunity for applicants to pursue Master’s and Doctorate degree studies at top international universities.

• The scholarship is open for selected majors only, as determined by Khalifa University of Science and Technology.
• The scholarship is highly competitive and will only be offered to a limited number of successful applicants each year.
• An applicant holding a Bachelor’s degree will sign a contract committing to complete both their Master’s and Doctorate degrees at the selected institution and then must accept employment in a suitable post for a defined period of time, which must be at least equal to the length of time of the study period.
• An applicant holding a Master’s degree will sign a contract committing to complete their Doctorate studies at the selected institution and then accept employment in a suitable post for a period of time which is at least equal to the study period.
• The stipend amount includes an additional allowance to UAE Nationals living outside the UAE.
• Recipients of this scholarship are placed on an “employment contract” and therefore are registered on the Abu Dhabi Retirement Pensions and Benefits Fund during the period of study and the period of employment that is included as part of the scholarship criteria.
• International Buhooth scholarship recipients will receive medical insurance for themselves, their spouse and eligible dependents.
• Recipients of this scholarship are eligible for yearly round trip airline tickets for themselves, their spouse and eligible dependents.

Eligibility Criteria for Buhooth Scholarship

• Applicants must be UAE Nationals.
• Applicants must satisfy the admission requirements of the academic program that they are applying to. Please note that admission is highly competitive and meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee entry into the program.
• In order to be considered for the International Buhooth Scholarship, applicants must have excellent credentials and provide a letter of offer from a top-ranked international institution. The letter should be submitted at the time of application to Khalifa University.

How to Apply

Please refer to the  Graduate Admissions   webpage for details on how to apply to Khalifa University of Science and Technology. Applicants are automatically considered for a graduate scholarship, if applicable. No additional scholarship application is required. The recipients will be confirmed at the conclusion of the admission process.

The KU MED Scholarship program supports students who have chosen to pursue a career that will positively impact on people’s lives. This program offers scholarships to all students to support graduate studies in medicine. Students who receive a Khalifa University (KU) MED Scholarship will be registered in the Pre-Medicine Bridge program. Please note that scholarship benefits are subject to change.

KU MED Scholarship for UAE Nationals

• A monthly stipend of AED27,000.
• Full university tuition paid by the university.
• Support to attend educational events locally and internationally.
• Housing in university accommodations at no cost, subject to availability.
• Textbooks are provided by the university.

KU MED Scholarship for Expatriates

Khalifa University of Science and Technology offers the following scholarships to support qualified international students enrolled in graduate programs on a full-time basis. The University reserves the right to make changes to the published scholarship benefits and conditions without prior notice.

• Master Research Teaching Scholarship (MRTS)

The MRTS scholarship supports international students pursuing a Master degree at Khalifa University. Scholarship benefits include:

• Full coverage of tuition fees.
• Medical insurance coverage for students sponsored by Khalifa University (student visa).
• Support to attend international research conferences.
• Mobilization and demobilization flight assistance for overseas international students.
• Monthly stipend of AED 4,000.
• Combined Master/Doctoral Research Teaching Scholarship (CMDRTS)

The CMDRTS scholarship supports international students pursuing both the Master’s and Doctorate degrees at Khalifa University. Students who wish to complete a Master degree only should apply for the MRTS scholarship. CMDRTS scholarship benefits include:

• During MSc:     AED 8,000
• During PhD:     AED 12,000
• Free University accommodation (or accommodation assistance of up to AED 2,000 per month if University accommodation is not available) for eligible students.
• Doctoral Research Teaching Scholarship (DRTS)

The DRTS scholarship supports international students pursuing a Doctorate degree at Khalifa University. Scholarship benefits include:

• Monthly stipend of AED 12,000.

Khalifa University of Science and Technology offers this scholarship to help employed UAE Nationals undertake graduate studies on a part-time basis. The scholarship provides full coverage of tuition fees.

During their graduate studies, students have the opportunity to conduct research within one of the research centers based at Khalifa University of Science and Technology. In order to be eligible for sponsorship, applicants must meet the eligibility criteria specific to the relevant center, as well as the admission requirements of the academic program to which they are applying.

Emirates ICT Innovation Center – EBTIC

EBTIC is an information and communications technology research and innovation center established by Etisalat, British Telecom, and Khalifa University of Science and Technology, with the support of UAE Telecommunications Regulatory Authority’s ICT Fund.

EBTIC aims to advance intelligent systems and technologies for the Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and NGN-enabled ICT applications and services, to put in place the support infrastructure to facilitate, develop and enable a digital-networked economy in the UAE and beyond.

Through collaboration with industry, universities and governmental organizations, EBTIC is expected to become a driving force for innovation in the field of NGN-enabled ICT applications and services, within the region and abroad.

EBTIC offers fully-funded Buhooth Scholarships for UAE National students wishing to undertake a Master’s or Doctorate degree on a full-time basis. Student research projects are linked to the major projects being undertaken within the Center.

Eligibility

Applicants must satisfy the admission requirements of the academic program to which they are applying and meet the eligibility criteria outlined for UAE-based Buhooth Scholarships.

Aerospace Research and Innovation Center (ARIC)

The Aerospace Research and Innovation Center (ARIC) was established in 2012 as a joint effort between Mubadala Aerospace and Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research to undertake cutting-edge research in aerospace engineering.

The center focuses on developing new and novel techniques for manufacturing advanced composites and developing advanced procedures for the automated manufacturing and assembly of aerospace structures.

ARIC also acts as a global research hub, collaborating with leading universities across the world, developing research opportunities over a broad spectrum of areas, and assisting technology transfer and innovation possibilities across the aerospace sector.

ARIC offers fully-funded Buhooth Scholarships for UAE National students wishing to undertake a Master’s or Doctorate degree on a full-time basis. Its research projects are linked to the major projects being undertaken within ARIC and involve working closely with the aerospace industry on the latest technological challenges.

Khalifa University of Science and Technology (KU), in collaboration with the China Scholarship Council (CSC), offers the CSC- KU Scholarship to highly qualified Chinese nationals admitted to PhD in Engineering or science on a full-time basis.

PhD Scholarship Benefits

• Monthly stipend of AED 5,500 from Khalifa University and an additional stipend from CSC.
• Flight tickets provided by CSC.
• Full waiver of tuition fees and any research-associated fees.
• Free University accommodation (or accommodation assistance of up to AED 3,000 per month if University accommodation is not available).
• Free textbooks.
• Visa processing costs.
• UAE medical insurance.

Application

• Apply  online  for the PhD program at Khalifa University.
• After receiving the admission offer letter from Khalifa University, candidates must also apply to CSC by completing an application for funding and employer reference (forms are available online at  http://apply.csc.edu.cn ).

Scholarship Eligibility

To be eligible an applicant must:

• Be a citizen and permanent resident of the People’s Republic of China at the time of applying.
• Be approved for unconditional admission to a PhD program at Khalifa University.
• Have official approval for a scholarship award from CSC prior to first registration at Khalifa University.
• The PhD scholarship is awarded to successful applicants for up to a maximum of 48 months.

Other terms and Conditions

To continue to receive the CSC-KU Scholarship the student must:

• Register as a full-time student every semester, including the summer term.
• Maintain a minimum Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 3.5 out of 4 during his/her study at Khalifa University.
• Comply with the policies, rules and regulations of Khalifa University.

Graduate Admission Application Deadlines

Spring 2022 admission for graduate programs will be open from 1 June 2021 until 16 October 2021. 

Admission decisions are released at different times, depending on when the complete application is submitted. Key admission round dates are summarized in the table below

All applicants are strongly encouraged to submit the completed application form and all the required documents as soon as possible. Please note:

* It is recommended that international applicants apply in the first admission round.  * Late applications submitted after the Round 2 deadline may be considered based on merit and subject to University strategic priorities. * Applicants can apply to only one program per semester. Applicants denied admission in one round cannot re-apply in another round.

ADMISSIONS OFFICE

• {{item.title}} {{item.title}} 0" aria-label="Find options under this page" @click="mobchildshow(true, item.title)" class="more-menu">
• {{subitem.title}}

Types of university qualifications and degrees explained

Types of qualifications available at huddersfield, undergraduate qualifications (level 6), postgraduate qualifications (level 7 and level 8), types of university degrees.

Combine subjects, take a placement year, learn online or even while you’re working – study in a way that suits you.

• Bachelor’s Degrees

Integrated Master's Degree

• Degree apprenticeship
• Distance Learning
• Taught Master's Degree
• Research Degree

Bachelor’s Degree

A Bachelor’s Degree is available either full-time or part-time, usually three years (full-time) often with the opportunity of a placement year.

The BA and BSc are two of the most common types of Bachelor’s degrees. However, there are also a number of subject specific qualifications, most of which can be studied at Huddersfield.

One year full-time so you can build on a foundation degree or HND qualification and go on to degree level.

Some courses combine undergraduate and postgraduate. Meaning you’ll study for four or five years with a placement.

Distance learning

Study from wherever you are using online learning tools and learn at your own pace, part-time or full-time.

Degree Apprenticeship

Paid for by your employer, this is hands-on learning in an industry setting. Learn more about Degree Apprenticeships.  

Stack Exchange Network

Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow , the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.

Q&A for work

Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

BSc, MSc, PhD vs. B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D

ODO prefers Ph.D. over PhD in US English. But at the same time, there is no B.Sc. and no M.Sc. entry in OED, which leads me into thinking that there is a mismatch: Ph.D. is typically written with periods, but MSc and BSc without in the US English. Am I right? Which forms are most widespread in the US? And in the UK?

• american-english
• british-english
• abbreviations

In the US, the Associated Press style uses periods: B.S., M.S., Ph.D., M.D. , etc. However, other sources may use a different style, (e.g. PhD).

B.Sc. and M.Sc . are not the usual degree abbreviations in the US. Instead use B.S. and M.S.

• 2 To complete the answer, add that in British usage, no periods: PhD, MSc MA BSc BA and so on –  James K Mar 24, 2018 at 23:29

You must log in to answer this question.

Hot network questions.

• When was the last time the G7 invited many guest countries?
• What's the maximum amount of material that a puzzle with unique solution can have?
• How do Authenticators work?
• A trigonometric equation: how hard could it be?
• How to make instanced primitives' max/min coordinates to not be higher/lower than input mesh? (geometry nodes)
• A question about cohomology of the classifying spaces of compact groups
• Universal PCB enclosure: what are these cylinders with holes for?
• How to negotiate such toxic competitiveness during my masters studies
• Anime about a girl who can see spirits that nobody else can
• Mismatching Euler characteristic of the Torus
• QGIS - Delete lines resulted from Symmetrical Difference/Clip
• The symmetry of multiplications with the number 9
• How to make Bash remove quotes after parameter expansion?
• Word for a country declaring independence from an empire
• Windows Server 2022 Support for Intel X520-DA2
• Why a truly uninformative prior does not exist?
• Are there any jobs that are forbidden by law to convicted felons?
• What happens when you target a dead creature with Scrying?
• Why at 1 Corinthians 10:9 does the Jehovah's Witnesses NWT use the word "Jehovah" when the Greek uses "Christos/kurion" referring to Jesus Christ?
• Accidentally punctured through aluminum frame with a screw tip - still safe? Repairable?
• I'm looking for a series where there was a civilization in the Mediterranean basin, which got destroyed by the Atlantic breaking in
• What does "far right tilt" actually mean in the context of the EU in 2024?
• Help me SMD diode identifying
• How can I use a router without gateway?

PhD in Biomedical Science

New section.

Biomedical scientists bridge the gap between the basic sciences and medicine. The PhD degree is the gateway to a career in biomedical research.

Information about what one can do with a PhD in Biomedical Science.

• Follow us on Twitter

Helpful tools for those applying to medical PhD programs.

Upcoming short presentations will describe features of PhD training, alumni careers, and detailed logistics of the application process.

Learn about PhD Programs from program leaders.

Graduate schools in the biomedical sciences will generally provide a comprehensive funding package to their students.

PhD Programs by School

List of Postdoctoral Programs by School

Postbaccalaureate programs begin after an undergraduate degree and are designed to support the transition to professional school.

• English Català Castellano

PhD Programmes and Graduate Committee

BSC offers the opportunity to study for a PhD in topics related to High Performance Computing and to its application to Life Sciences, Earth Sciences and Physical Sciences in a recognised Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence.  

Students will enjoy a unique environment to develop their PhD at BSC since it is one of the leading supercomputing centres in Europe that hosts the IBM-BSC Technology Center for Supercomputing, the Intel-BSC Exascale Lab and the BSC-Microsoft Research Center. Moreover, BSC is also a key provider of training in High Performance Computing as PRACE Advanced Training Center (PATC) and CUDA Center of Excellence (CCOE), and has a close relationship with the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech.

One of the key benefits of joining BSC to carry out PhD studies is the BSC mentoring programme, which is a collaborative effort that aims to introduce mentees to existing professional and subject related networks, to develop their work-related capabilities and to facilitate their ability to make informed decisions on their career development.

PhD students are also able to take part in the annual BSC International Doctoral Symposium, which provides specialised training and represents a forum in which PhD students and postdoc researchers can present the results and findings of their research work through talks, poster sessions and discussions.

Below are some of the programs currently affiliated (without associate status) to BSC:

• Computer Architecture Doctoral Program (UPC) 
• Biomedicine Doctoral Program (UB) 
• Environmental Engineering Doctoral Program (UPC)

The BSC PhD Programme

The BSC PhD Programme specifies what PhD students need to accomplish in order to successfully complete their PhD studies. This includes participation in specific training courses for PhD students, presentations at conferences, publishing of articles, mobility and other requirements that are integral to PhD studies.

As part of the BSC PhD Programme, a specific Training Programme was designed for the development of the PhD students and their professional career in every year of their studies. This programme provides the necessary support mechanisms to PhD students at BSC to optimize the time and resources to guarantee the achievement of an excellent thesis and personal / professional development as the first level researchers. Each student is expected to acquire a strong basic knowledge in a wide range of topics.

For more information about the BSC PhD Programme and the BSC PhD Training Programme contact the Education & Training department at BSC: education [at] bsc [dot] es .

PhD Opportunities

BSC has exiting opportunities for PhD studies in the areas of Supercomputing, HPC or the application areas of Life Sciences, Earth Sciences and Computer Applications in Science and Engineering. In collaboration with “la Caixa” Foundation, CONACYT, “Marie Curie” and "Juan de la Cierva” programs and various research projects and networks we offer doctoral and postdoc fellowships.

Graduate Committee

Fixed committee composed of:

• 2 Group leaders – Xavier Martorell Bofill, David Torrents Arenales
• Education & Training Manager – Maria-Ribera Sancho Samso
• HR Representative – Laura Delshams

Graduate Committee is in the process of establishing the internal regulations and procedures. Additional members will be added once these procedures will be approved.

Main responsibilities of the Graduate Committee

• Propose, review, analyse, finalize and approve processes and policies of the center related to the doctorate program and students.
• Advise on the admission of PhD candidates entering BSC.
• Evaluate PhD students’ progress and academic performance in annual reviews and provide feedback to students .
• Pre-assessment authorisation of the submission of doctoral student’s thesis .
• Decide on the continuation of a PhD student .
• Authorize extension request .
• Promote initiatives and events related to the PhD programme .
• Promote good practices in educational programmes .
• Meet regularly to discuss and resolve issues related to PhD students and PhD programme.
• Decide on exceptions .

After the Graduate Committee is established, more responsibilities will be added.

To contact the Graduate Committee, please write to graduate [dot] committee [at] bsc [dot] es (subject: PhD) .

At the New York Fed, our mission is to make the U.S. economy stronger and the financial system more stable for all segments of society. We do this by executing monetary policy, providing financial services, supervising banks and conducting research and providing expertise on issues that impact the nation and communities we serve.

Introducing the New York Innovation Center: Delivering a central bank innovation execution

Do you have a request for information and records? Learn how to submit it.

Learn about the history of the New York Fed and central banking in the United States through articles, speeches, photos and video.

Markets & Policy Implementation

• Effective Federal Funds Rate
• Overnight Bank Funding Rate
• Secured Overnight Financing Rate
• SOFR Averages & Index
• Broad General Collateral Rate
• Tri-Party General Collateral Rate
• Treasury Securities
• Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities
• Repos & Reverse Repos
• Securities Lending
• Central Bank Liquidity Swaps
• System Open Market Account Holdings
• Primary Dealer Statistics
• Historical Transaction Data
• Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
• Agency Debt Securities
• Discount Window
• Treasury Debt Auctions & Buybacks as Fiscal Agent
• Foreign Exchange
• Foreign Reserves Management
• Central Bank Swap Arrangements
• ACROSS MARKETS
• Statements & Operating Policies
• Survey of Primary Dealers
• Survey of Market Participants
• Annual Reports
• Primary Dealers
• Standing Repo Facility Counterparties
• Reverse Repo Counterparties
• Foreign Exchange Counterparties
• Foreign Reserves Management Counterparties
• Operational Readiness
• Central Bank & International Account Services
• Programs Archive

As part of our core mission, we supervise and regulate financial institutions in the Second District. Our primary objective is to maintain a safe and competitive U.S. and global banking system.

The Governance & Culture Reform hub is designed to foster discussion about corporate governance and the reform of culture and behavior in the financial services industry.

Need to file a report with the New York Fed? Here are all of the forms, instructions and other information related to regulatory and statistical reporting in one spot.

The New York Fed works to protect consumers as well as provides information and resources on how to avoid and report specific scams.

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York works to promote sound and well-functioning financial systems and markets through its provision of industry and payment services, advancement of infrastructure reform in key markets and training and educational support to international institutions.

The New York Fed provides a wide range of payment services for financial institutions and the U.S. government.

The New York Fed offers several specialized courses designed for central bankers and financial supervisors.

The New York Fed has been working with tri-party repo market participants to make changes to improve the resiliency of the market to financial stress.

• High School Fed Challenge
• College Fed Challenge
• Teacher Professional Development
• Classroom Visits
• Museum & Learning Center Visits
• Educational Comic Books
• Lesson Plans and Resources
• Economic Education Calendar

We are connecting emerging solutions with funding in three areas—health, household financial stability, and climate—to improve life for underserved communities. Learn more by reading our strategy.

The Economic Inequality & Equitable Growth hub is a collection of research, analysis and convenings to help better understand economic inequality.

This Economist Spotlight Series is created for middle school and high school students to spark curiosity and interest in economics as an area of study and a future career.

« Taking Stock: Dollar Assets, Gold, and Official Foreign Exchange Reserves | Main | Can Discount Window Stigma Be Cured?  »

Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond

Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner

Becoming a PhD economist can provide a fulfilling and financially secure career path. However, getting started in the field can be daunting if you don’t know much about the preparation you’ll need and the available job opportunities. If you’re wondering what it means to be an economics researcher or how to become one, please read on. We’ll review how to prepare for a career in economics research, what an economics PhD program entails, and what types of opportunities it might bring. Economic education is a core component of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s mission to serve the community. To empower would-be economists, this post provides information for students who seek a career in economics research. We hope this information will be helpful to students interested in economics, regardless of their background and economic situation.  This information is most applicable to students applying to programs in the United States.  

The Breadth of Economics Research  

Academic disciplines conduct research in different ways, so it’s important to have a basic understanding of the types of questions economists ask and how they approach answering them. There are many definitions of economics, but a broadly useful one is the study of how people, organizations, and governments make decisions under different constraints, and how those decisions may affect their outcomes. 

When answering these questions, economists seek to ground their analyses in models and to be quantitatively precise about the effects they assign to any given cause. The range of topics economists can study is wide, but the accepted approaches to answering questions are stricter. Some examples of what economists might ask: 

• How do different public housing programs affect the children who live there? 
• Does a certain type of law encourage businesses to innovate? 
• How will a change in the interest rate affect inflation and unemployment rates? 
• How much does affordable health insurance improve people’s health? 
• How can poor countries eradicate poverty? 

There are many different subfields within economics, including, but not limited to behavioral, econometrics, energy/environmental, development, financial, international, monetary, public, and urban economics. You can familiarize yourself with the latest work in economics by subscribing to working paper series, such as NBER’s New This Week or the New York Fed’s Staff Reports . To get an idea of the breadth of questions economists can answer, you could listen to Stephen Dubner’s “ Freakonomics Radio ” podcast. You may also want to explore the Journal of Economic Perspectives , the New York Fed’s Liberty Street Economics blog, VoxDev , or VoxEU .  

What Is a PhD Program Like?    

Economics PhD programs typically last five to seven years. Unlike masters programs, they are often fully funded with a stipend, though most require students to complete teaching assistant and/or research assistant (RA) work as part of their funding package. In the first two years, students take classes, many of which are mathematically demanding. The rest of the program can include additional classes but is primarily devoted to original research with the aim of producing publishable papers that will constitute the dissertation.  

Faculty advisors are a central part of PhD programs, as students look to them for guidance during the research process. Economics PhD programs are offered within university economics departments, but there are similar programs in public policy and business schools. You can look at their websites to understand any differences in coursework and subsequent job placements. 

What Can You Do with an Economics PhD?  

Upon graduation, students can obtain jobs in a variety of industries. Many PhD students hope to become university professors. Governments and public policy-related institutions such as the Federal Reserve System, the U.S. federal government, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) also hire economists to work on policy, lead programs, and conduct research. Finally, economics PhD graduates can also find employment at a variety of private sector companies, including banks, economic consulting firms, and big tech companies. The pay for these different positions can vary. According to the American Economics Association (AEA), the average starting salary for economics assistant professors in 2022-23 was approximately $140,000 at PhD granting institutions and $98,000 at BA granting institutions. 

Programs often publish the placements of their PhD graduates, so you can look online to see specific employment outcomes. See, for example, the University of Maryland’s placements . Ultimately, economists are highly regarded as authorities on a variety of topics. Governments, nonprofits, philanthropic foundations, financial institutions, and non-financial businesses all look to economists to answer important questions about how to best achieve their goals. Thus, earning an economics Ph.D. can potentially help you to influence issues that are important to you. 

Preparing for an Economics PhD Program  

There are several components to an economics PhD program application: college transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Please download the Appendix linked below to learn more about transcripts and letters of recommendation. The Appendix details ways in which you can select coursework, obtain research experience, and develop relationships to position yourself for success as a PhD applicant.  

If you feel that you are too far along in your academic career to take enough of the classes described in the Appendix, this does not necessarily preclude you from pursuing an economics PhD. For example, it’s possible to take some of these classes through a master’s program, or through a pre-doctoral RA job. Some pre-doctoral RA jobs, such as the one here at the New York Fed , may enable you to take classes in preparation for graduate school. If you are concerned about your transcript, reach out to an economist at your university for advice; program standards for coursework and grades vary, and it’s a good idea to get more personalized advice. 

Research Experience   

If you’re interested in becoming an economics researcher and applying to PhD programs, it’s best to get research experience as soon as possible. Working as an RA is a great way to learn how to conduct research and get a better idea of whether it’s the right career path for you. Additionally, it can help you obtain a letter of recommendation for graduate school applications and improve your qualifications.  

All types of academic research can be enriching, but it’s beneficial to gain experience working directly with an economist. To find a position, you can reach out to professors whose work you find interesting or find an RA program at your school. Typical RA tasks may involve data collection and cleaning, as well as running analyses and creating charts to represent results. This is where coding skills become crucial; having taken math, statistics, and econometrics courses will also enable you to take on more responsibilities. 

You may also have the opportunity to conduct your own research, possibly under the supervision of a professor at your university. This research could be self-initiated or part of a course such as a thesis workshop. Self-directed research is a great opportunity to learn about all stages of the research process. It’s also an excellent opportunity to create a writing sample for graduate school applications. Ultimately, though, your motivation for conducting your own research project should be that you want to answer a question.  One thing economists have in common is a love of answering questions using data and theory. 

Research experience is also often obtained after completing an undergraduate or master’s degree. Taking on a full-time RA position before applying to PhD programs is very common and can make you a more competitive applicant. You may either get an RA job working for a professor or participate in a pre-doctoral RA program.  

Research assistant programs are more structured than positions with individual professors or projects, which could be helpful. Universities, parts of the government, think tanks, research organizations, and the Federal Reserve System are all good places to look for research assistant programs. To help you decide which opportunities are most desirable, you may want to ask potential employers : Where do people in this program tend to go afterward? Will I be working directly with an economist? How much of my time will be spent on academic research work? Will I be able to take classes as part of this program? Considering whether an economist will be able to evaluate your performance is an important factor for recommendation letters. The ability to take classes, either through tuition reimbursement or waivers, can also be an important benefit. 

The Research Analyst program here at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is one example of these programs and you should check it out here . The Federal Reserve Board of Governors also has a large program, and many other regional Federal Reserve Banks have similar programs. In addition, the PREDOC website and the  NBER post listings of RA opportunities. J-PAL and IPA also tend to recruit RAs for economic development projects. Another source of RA opportunities is the @econ_ra account on X. 

Who Should Get a PhD in Economics?  

A PhD may not be for everyone, but it is for anyone—people of all genders, religions, ethnicities, races, and national origins have PhDs in economics. Many economists majored in economics, but others majored in math, physics, or chemistry. Because economics is such an integral part of policymaking, it is important that economists come from a wide range of backgrounds so policy can be stronger and more effective. The inclusion of differing perspectives helps ensure that the contribution of economists to work in public policy, academia, and beyond effectively serves the broadest range of society. 

• Coursework Appendix

Kasey Chatterji-Len is a research analyst in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Research and Statistics Group.

Anna Kovner  is the director of Financial Stability Policy Research in the Bank’s Research and Statistics Group.

How to cite this post: Kasey Chatterji-Len and Anna Kovner, “Thinking of Pursuing a PhD in Economics? Info on Graduate School and Beyond,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Liberty Street Economics , May 31, 2024, https://libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2024/05/thinking-of-pursuing-a-phd-in-economics-info-on-graduate-school-and-beyond/.

You may also be interested in: AEA: Resources for Students

PREDOC: Guidance for Undergraduates

RA Positions-Not at the NBER

Disclaimer The views expressed in this post are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the author(s).

Share this:

Post a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

(Name is required. Email address will not be displayed with the comment.)

Liberty Street Economics features insight and analysis from New York Fed economists working at the intersection of research and policy. Launched in 2011, the blog takes its name from the Bank’s headquarters at 33 Liberty Street in Manhattan’s Financial District.

The editors are Michael Fleming, Andrew Haughwout, Thomas Klitgaard, and Asani Sarkar, all economists in the Bank’s Research Group.

Liberty Street Economics does not publish new posts during the blackout periods surrounding Federal Open Market Committee meetings.

The views expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the position of the New York Fed or the Federal Reserve System.

Economic Inequality

Most Read this Year

• Credit Card Delinquencies Continue to Rise—Who Is Missing Payments?
• The Post-Pandemic r*
• Spending Down Pandemic Savings Is an “Only-in-the-U.S.” Phenomenon
• The Evolution of Short-Run r* after the Pandemic
• Auto Loan Delinquency Revs Up as Car Prices Stress Budgets
• Economic Indicators Calendar
• FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data)
• Economic Roundtable
• OECD Insights
• World Bank/All about Finance

We encourage your comments and queries on our posts and will publish them (below the post) subject to the following guidelines:

Please be brief : Comments are limited to 1,500 characters.

Please be aware: Comments submitted shortly before or during the FOMC blackout may not be published until after the blackout.

Please be relevant: Comments are moderated and will not appear until they have been reviewed to ensure that they are substantive and clearly related to the topic of the post.

Please be respectful: We reserve the right not to post any comment, and will not post comments that are abusive, harassing, obscene, or commercial in nature. No notice will be given regarding whether a submission will or will not be posted.‎

Comments with links: Please do not include any links in your comment, even if you feel the links will contribute to the discussion. Comments with links will not be posted.

Send Us Feedback

The LSE editors ask authors submitting a post to the blog to confirm that they have no conflicts of interest as defined by the American Economic Association in its Disclosure Policy. If an author has sources of financial support or other interests that could be perceived as influencing the research presented in the post, we disclose that fact in a statement prepared by the author and appended to the author information at the end of the post. If the author has no such interests to disclose, no statement is provided. Note, however, that we do indicate in all cases if a data vendor or other party has a right to review a post.

• February 2024
• January 2024
• December 2023
• November 2023
• October 2023
• September 2023
• August 2023
• February 2023
• January 2023
• December 2022
• November 2022
• October 2022
• September 2022
• August 2022
• February 2022
• January 2022
• December 2021
• November 2021
• October 2021
• September 2021
• August 2021
• February 2021
• January 2021
• December 2020
• November 2020
• October 2020
• September 2020
• August 2020
• February 2020
• January 2020
• December 2019
• November 2019
• October 2019
• September 2019
• August 2019
• February 2019
• January 2019
• December 2018
• November 2018
• October 2018
• September 2018
• August 2018
• February 2018
• January 2018
• December 2017
• November 2017
• October 2017
• September 2017
• August 2017
• February 2017
• January 2017
• December 2016
• November 2016
• October 2016
• September 2016
• August 2016
• February 2016
• January 2016
• December 2015
• November 2015
• October 2015
• September 2015
• August 2015
• February 2015
• January 2015
• December 2014
• November 2014
• October 2014
• September 2014
• August 2014
• February 2014
• January 2014
• December 2013
• November 2013
• October 2013
• September 2013
• August 2013
• February 2013
• January 2013
• December 2012
• November 2012
• October 2012
• September 2012
• August 2012
• February 2012
• January 2012
• December 2011
• November 2011
• October 2011
• September 2011
• August 2011
• Request a Speaker
• International, Seminars & Training
• Governance & Culture Reform
• Data Visualization
• Economic Research Tracker
• Markets Data APIs
• Terms of Use

Get the Reddit app

Place for Western Governors University students, faculty and alumni.

Hi I’ve a bsc in software development, I want to pursue a phd in computer science. Can I do it directly or should I do masters first?