thesis statement english io

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• November 9, 2023

Mastering the IB English IO: A Comprehensive Guide

The International Baccalaureate (IB) English Individual Oral (IO) is a pivotal component of the IB curriculum, carrying a significant weight in the final assessment. With the right approach, students can navigate this challenge and emerge with top marks. Drawing insights from seasoned IB educators, let’s delve into strategies that can help you secure a Level 7 in your IO.

Understanding the IO’s Significance

The IO is more than just a presentation; it’s a showcase of your analytical skills, understanding of literature, and ability to connect texts to global issues. For Standard Level (SL) students, it accounts for 30% of the final score, and for Higher Level (HL) students, 20%. This assessment involves a 10-minute presentation and a 5-minute Q&A session, making preparation crucial.

Selecting Your Texts and Global Issue

Begin by choosing a literary work and a non-literary body of work that you have studied. These texts should provide a rich ground for exploring a global issue—a theme that is significant, transcends national boundaries, and resonates with daily life, such as inequality or cultural conflict. Your task is to examine how these texts portray the selected global issue.

Crafting Your Presentation

The structure of your IO is paramount. Here’s a recommended framework:

•Introduction (1 minute): Introduce the global issue and its relevance, followed by a brief overview of the chosen works and your thesis statement.

•Body Paragraphs: Analyze how the global issue is presented in the overall texts and specific extracts. Dedicate about four minutes to each work, employing the Point-Evidence-Explanation (PEE) method for a robust analysis.

•Conclusion: Recapitulate your main arguments, reinforcing the connection between the texts and the global issue.

The Four Pillars of Assessment

Your IO will be evaluated based on four criteria, each with a ten-point scale:

1.Knowledge and Interpretation: Demonstrate a deep understanding of the texts and their nuances.

2.Analysis and Evaluation: Critically analyze the texts, providing insightful evaluations.

3.Focus and Structure: Maintain a clear, logical flow throughout the presentation.

4.Language: Utilize an academic register and appropriate literary terminology.

Level 7 Tips and Preparation

•Sample IOs: Listen to exemplary IOs to understand the caliber of a top-scoring presentation.

•Essay Practice: Write a comprehensive essay based on your IO structure and practice delivering it.

•Expert Guidance: Consider seeking feedback from IB experts who can provide tailored advice based on the texts you’re studying.

•Memorization and Practice: Memorize your essay and rehearse your delivery, aiming for clarity and confidence.

Final Thoughts

The IO is an opportunity to demonstrate the culmination of your IB English studies. It requires not just understanding of the texts and issues but also the ability to communicate your insights effectively. By following a structured approach, practicing diligently, and seeking expert advice when needed, you can approach your Individual Oral with the assurance that you’re prepared to excel.

Remember, the IO is as much about preparation as it is about performance. Take the time to understand your texts, connect with the global issues at hand, and refine your presentation skills. With these strategies in place, you’re well on your way to achieving a Level 7 in your IB English Individual Oral.

A friendly reminder: we’re here whenever you need help with your IO! Just send us a message now via WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger , or fill out our online form .

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How to Master Your IB English Individual Oral (IO)

Updated: Oct 20, 2023

The IB English Individual Oral (IO) is an important assessment in the IB English curriculum, accounting for 30% at SL and 20% in HL of your final English A grade. To help you, our team wrote this guide to help you regardless of where you are in the process!

Understanding the Assessment Criteria

The first step to any assessment is understanding the assessment criteria, for the English individual oral in particular, one must understand what the examiners are looking out for. Below are the criteria used in the IB English IO, use it to find a clear direction in your preparation, and keep it in mind when writing your IO up.

Crafting a Compelling Global Issue

Crafting a strong global issue statement forms the backbone of your presentation. Your global issue should be concise, focused, and reflect the main theme or argument you aim to explore. For instance, a thesis statement could be something along the lines of: "The consequences of government-sanctioned violence on individual morality." Keep in mind, that these global issues should be present both locally and globally, while also being particularly relevant in the present day.

Here are some topics we think might be helpful:

The Palestine-Israel conflict

The Russia-Ukraine conflict

The passing of loved ones

Religious conflicts

Differences in political values and their effect

While it isn't mandatory as of 2021, we still do recommend our students to centre their global issues around one of the following 5 themes:

Culture, identity and community

Beliefs, values and education

Politics, power and justice

Art, creativity and the imagination

Science, technology and the environment

Selecting the Right Text

While this arguably should go before writing your global issue, we’ve found that it's better to take a look at a lot of texts, decide your global issue, and then choose which text fits your global issue best. Opt for texts that resonate with you and align with your global issue, selecting texts with rich literary techniques and themes will provide you with ample material for analysis, remember, you’re going to be looking at these for a while!

Balancing Close and Wide Analysis

To demonstrate your analytical prowess, strive for a balance between close and wide analysis techniques, close analysis involves examining specific passages or literary devices in detail, allowing you to delve into the intricacies of the text. For instance, analyzing the use of imagery in a poem to convey a certain mood or emotion. Wide analysis, on the other hand, explores broader themes, and historical context, focusing on connections to other texts in the body of work (BOW - refers to the collection or book that the extract was taken from). This could involve discussing the socio-political climate during the time the text was written. By incorporating both approaches, you demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the text and its wider implications.

Structuring your Presentation

Your English IO should remain balanced between both texts of choice, we recommend the following structure: 1 minute - Introduction, 4 minutes - Text 1, 4 minutes - Text 2, 1 minute - Conclusion, after which your teacher will question you for approximately 5 minutes. Under each of your text segments, you should "zoom in" and "zoom out" in a structured manner, using either 2 minutes for each segment going from one to the other or do it in 4 separate 1-minute points, with 2 points allocated for each perspective.

Practice and Rehearse

Practice makes perfect, and this holds for your IO presentation. Dedicate ample time to practice and rehearse your presentation, we recommend something along tinge lines of 30-45 minutes a day for 2 weeks leading up to the IO. Remember, familiarizing yourself with the content, working on your delivery, and paying attention to your body language and timing are necessary if you are aiming for a high score. Consider recording yourself while practising in front of a friend or family member who can provide constructive feedback, also helping you experience what it will be like when you give your final presentation. Look back on the recordings and work on anything you may notice.

Engaging with the Examiner

The interactive questioning phase is an opportunity to showcase your critical thinking skills and engage in meaningful discussions. Actively listen to the examiner's questions, take a moment to reflect, and respond thoughtfully. Support your responses with evidence and examples from your texts, and be open to different interpretations and perspectives. Additionally, remember to connect with the examiner through eye contact, confident body language, and clear and articulate delivery.

Seeking Feedback and Continuous Improvement

Feedback is invaluable in refining your presentation. Seek feedback from your teacher, peers, or mentors who can provide fresh insights and suggestions for improvement. Embrace constructive criticism and make the necessary revisions to enhance the quality of your presentation. Additionally, work on incorporating feedback into your practice sessions to continuously improve your skills.

Dealing with Nerves

Presenting in front of an examiner can be nerve-wracking, especially for students who may not have much experience with public speaking. To manage nerves, try deep breathing exercises or visualization techniques before your presentation, and remind yourself of your preparation and expertise in the subject matter. Also, remember that nerves can sometimes be a sign of excitement, so channel that energy positively into your presentation.

How Can We Help?

By implementing these strategies, you can approach your IB English Individual Oral with confidence and increase your chances of success. The IB English IO will, of course, seem daunting to most, so if you need additional help, consider us at AceMinds Education, starting with a free aptitude test and 1-hour session, we’ll provide you with any help you may need with our one-on-one tutoring and

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IB English A (Lang & Lit) IO IA examples

Type a search phrase to find the most relevant English A (Lang & Lit) IO IA examples for you

Not sure what to search for? You can always look through our example Internal Assessments below for inspiration.

All English A (Lang & Lit) IO IA Examples

Filter exemplars, how oppression fuels rebellion, the physical and mental impact of unrealistic beauty standards on women (english individual oral script), want to get full marks for your ia allow us to review it for you 🎯, the relevance of mental health stigmas in eventuating self-actualisation, global issue: social indifference toward war and violence as an obstacle to resolving conflict, the adverse effects of classism on the change of societal and personal values, fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by ib examiners. upgrade now 🚀, marriage as a source of oppression for women, global issue: culture, identity, and community. how is community formed or challenged as a result of social restrictions based on identity, the global issue of the reluctance to have conversations about death in society, how the expectations of gender and sexuality influence the roles that individuals play., full english ioc outline + script, the power and resilience of women in society, the universal prevalence of stereotypes surrounding gender roles, community responses to returning veterans and how these impact their rehabilitation., politics, power, and justice: how do authors portray institutionalized power for their characters to overpower and to what effect (io script), how men’s stereotypes of women can lead to violence against women, expectation of masculinity, the characterisation of women by their possessions and status, the negative repercussions of evading responsibility in pursuit of selfish gains, global theme of brutality and inhumanity of war and conflict with emphasis on how it affects individuals., english individual oral on the persepolis and the art of ugur gallenkus (with script), english io sample level 7 transcript, ethan frome & banksy, io on mental health discussed in nannette and 'advertisement', how the use and development of technology break the balance of our daily life and become a threat in our society., marginalisation of women through the assignment of conventional gender roles in a marital context through time and space.

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Planning Guide for the Individual Oral

There’s no reason to fear this assessment!  Once you understand what’s required, the rest can actually be quite enjoyable. As long-time IB teachers, we’ve identified key aspects each student should include in their IO.  Let us guide you!

Part of our IBDP English A Student Toolkit , The Individual Oral Complete Planning Guide includes:

• 100+ pages of updated material
• The best of our website videos and documents
• NEW content not available in Teacher Resource Packs
• 4 samples with examiner notes
• Highlighted transcripts of all recordings
• Full assortment of graphic organizers
• Sentence stems and other guidance for analysis

Individual Oral “Start to Finish” Video Course

This assessment doesn’t have to be difficult…we can help you!  Use our 15-video course and let us guide you step-by-step through the entire process.  We’ll show you how to craft a strong Global Issue statement, discuss the extracts, discuss the works as a whole, and how to get ready for the Q and A.  Our students use these methods and achieve their goals.  Join them!

Part of our IBDP English A Student Toolkit , the  Individual Oral Start to Finish Guide includes:

• step-by-step approach to building the IO
• 15 lessons and 2 hours of new videos
• side-by-side highlighted IO transcripts
• “Start to Finish” graphic organizers
• 3 NEW sample recordings, outlines, and more!
• Guidance on outlines and the Q/A

Let's Meet the Assessment:

So what is the Individual Oral anyway?  How much is it worth?  What if I’m taking IB Literature and not IB Language and Literature.  What is my objective in this thing?  No worries!  Dave and Andrew answer all your questions here.  You can’t defeat the beast until you learn what you’re up against. 

The Course Guide has too many words. Watch this video and understand the assessment.

Document: “IO – Essential Information”

Still a bit confused? This video clarifies what "to do" and what "not to do."

Document: “IO – What It Is, What It Isn’t”

We're lead IO Examiners. Be sure to add these 5 ingredients to maximize your IO score.

Document: “IO – Five Essential Ingredients”

Sure, we've told you all you need to know. But it's always wise to fully understand the Criteria.

Document: “IO – Unpacking the Criteria”

The Individual Oral

This assessment doesn’t have to be stressful!  Trust us, if you follow the advice on this page, we’ll guide you through the entire process.  Our students crush this assessment, and so can you.  Take a deep breath.  Relax.  You’ve got this!

2024 IO Update!

It’s hard to believe that our first IO videos were released more than two years ago.  Since then, we’ve examined more recordings and added some more insights to our videos.  Be sure to watch the new series!

The Entire Process!

Moving from topic to GI

Global Issue Update 2024

Annotating the Extract

Delivering a Strong Introduction

Extract Analysis – The First Minute

Remember: The Global Issue is the "Backbone"

We’ve said it a thousand times.  You’ve got to keep the Global Issue as the focal point of your entire presentation.  And, if indeed it’s the backbone, it better be strong.

A strong Global Issue is needed for IO success. Learn how to arrive at something you're proud of and love.

Document: “Refining the Global Issue”

Just like you, sometimes we need to do things twice. Watch until the end. We nail the GI in this video!

Document: “Refining the Global Issue 2.0”

Still confused? Try this video for another approach to GI statements. This just might be what you're missing!

Document: “Global Issue Workshop”

The Individual Oral - The Complete Course

Now you understand the nuts and bolts of the IO, so it’s time to move on to our “Complete Course” for the Individual Oral.  Working through each video sequentially will lead to a strong IO that you can be proud of.  Our students use this series, and so should you!

Learn to choose your texts and think about the Global Issue. Start with Video 1 of 5

Document – Starting the IO and Selecting Texts

Locate and annotate those extracts! What authorial choices show your GI?

Document – Choosing and Annotating Extracts

Please don't forget to discuss the Work as a Whole or BoW as a Whole!

Document – Examining Whole Text / Whole BoW

It time for the “official” outline. You only get 10 bullet points, so choose wisely!

Document – Creating the Outline

Listen to this sample recording. Steal the good stuff. Notice weaknesses. Listen and learn!

Document – Sample Recording Document – Recording Transcript

Skill Practice and Support for the IO

Nice!  You’ve finished “Individual Oral – The Complete Course.”  But, are you sure you have command of all the skills?  Remember to make sure your structure, discussion of the extracts, discussion of the literary work as a whole (or BoW as a whole) are fully explored in a balanced way.  Make sure you have a clear introduction, a clear conclusion, and you speak in an engaging and passionate way.  No robotic or speed racer deliveries!

Check out this video for three different structural approaches to the IO.

Document: How to Structure the IO

The introduction is the handshake (or bow, or wai, or namaste) with your examiner. Make a good first impression!

Document: How to Deliver the Introduction

Check out this video and make sure your extract analysis satisfies the task.

Document – How to Zoom In

About half the candidates miss this step! Don't be like them!

Document – How to Zoom Out

Poetry is IO gold. Stop rolling your eyes and give it a try.

Document – Zooming In With Poetry

Stop repeating yourself in the conclusion! Watch this video and end with a flourish.

Document: Concluding the IO

Don't forget this assessment has a listener! Learn 10 ways to impress your examiner.

Document: Deliver and Speak with Confidence

This video provides students with 10 important tips for the Q and A session of the IO.

Document: 10 Tips for the Q and A

Watch and hear what we learned from our students last exam session.

Document: Examiner's Reflection

Don't forget to use clear transitions and signposts between sections!

Document: Transitions and Signposting

All extracts aren't created equal...choose the "right" one!

Document: Choosing the RIGHT extract

Photography

The ability to read images is crucial for Language and Literature success.  As you know, many of the texts we explore are multimodal, meaning they have both text and image.  So, we need to understand how to read photographs, analyze them, and make meaning.  There are some basic terms and approaches to close reading that will open up some important analytical doors.  Watch these videos and improve your visual analysis!

Our students use this mnemonic with great success...give it a try!

Analyzing Photographs

Let's apply our skills to a great image from a famous photographer.

Website: Body of Work – Philip Jones Griffiths

Our students use this mnemonic with great success…give it a try!

Let’s apply our skills to a great image from a famous photographer.

Films, Documentaries, and Series

If you're using film for your IO, you must watch this video! You MUST discuss these elements!

Key Terms for Analyzing Film

You're using a film or documentary for your IO? Nice choice - watch this video or you will miss important IO requirements!

If you're using film, documentaries, or videos for your IO, then this video is MUST WATCH. Our student will show you how it's done!

Student Recording Recording Transcript Student Notes and Planning

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Outlining the io.

What's your plan for the individual oral (IO)? You are allowed 10 bullet points for your outline. It should include your global issue and list the works from which the extracts are taken. Use the outline form below for your outline.

How should you structure your IO? Here are two methods you can use. These not prescribed. They are, however, tried and tested by many students. Check out this video, the posters, and the worksheets below.

Just to clarify...

What is meant by 'feature 1, 2 and 3'? Depending on your literary work, you may focus on diction, imagery, narrative technique,  symbolism or something else. With so little time, it's important that you 'pick your battles' and it's important to pick big battles that matter. Rather than focusing on the use of onomatopoeia in line 6 of a poem, for example, it's better to focus on how an author appeals to a sense of sound in one poem and other poems. 'Features 4, 5 and 6' are labelled as such to indicate that the features of the non-literary Body of Work (BOW) may be very different than those explored in the literary work. See the Individual oral FAQs for answers to any other questions you may have.

Related pages

• IO Instructions
• IO Discussion questions
• Unit: Dove Campaign for Real Beauty

Wow English

IB English A Individual Oral (IO) Exemplar

Free ib teaching materials.

Download my new IB teaching resources for Language and Literature Paper 1 on my new website:

Watch my example IO

Below you will find my example IO in which I analyse Kitchen by Banana Yoshimoto and Call Me by Your Name directed by Luca Guadagnino. This will be particularly useful to you if you have chosen a film as your Body of Work.

Underneath this video you can download my script and extracts.

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Exam prep, planning and writing guide.

Craft a strong thesis for Paper 2

Quick lesson on writing and phrasing a strong thesis.

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• List of thesis formats
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Free introductory guide to the Paper 1 guided analysis exam

The 3 ingredients you're not including in your thesis

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Covers the levels of knowledge crucial to Paper 2 preparation

Individual Oral

Free introductory guide to the Individual Oral assessment

Helpful list of global issue starters to kickstart your imagination.

Higher Level Essay

Free introductory guide to the HLE assessment

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English A Literature IO Questions (Persepolis and Thesis Statement)

For my IO, I'm thinking about doing Persepolis (graphic novel) but my teacher allows it as a non-literary work. Is this against the IB protocols in any way?

Also, should our thesis revolve around the global issue we are doing or the two works itself? Could someone give me an example of what a thesis statement would look like for the English IO?

8.1 Developing a Strong, Clear Thesis Statement

Learning objectives.

• Develop a strong, clear thesis statement with the proper elements.
• Revise your thesis statement.

Have you ever known a person who was not very good at telling stories? You probably had trouble following his train of thought as he jumped around from point to point, either being too brief in places that needed further explanation or providing too many details on a meaningless element. Maybe he told the end of the story first, then moved to the beginning and later added details to the middle. His ideas were probably scattered, and the story did not flow very well. When the story was over, you probably had many questions.

Just as a personal anecdote can be a disorganized mess, an essay can fall into the same trap of being out of order and confusing. That is why writers need a thesis statement A sentence that presents the controlling idea of an essay. A thesis statement is often one sentence long and states the writer’s point of view. to provide a specific focus for their essay and to organize what they are about to discuss in the body.

Just like a topic sentence summarizes a single paragraph, the thesis statement summarizes an entire essay. It tells the reader the point you want to make in your essay, while the essay itself supports that point. It is like a signpost that signals the essay’s destination. You should form your thesis before you begin to organize an essay, but you may find that it needs revision as the essay develops.

Elements of a Thesis Statement

For every essay you write, you must focus on a central idea. This idea stems from a topic you have chosen or been assigned or from a question your teacher has asked. It is not enough merely to discuss a general topic or simply answer a question with a yes or no. You have to form a specific opinion, and then articulate that into a controlling idea The main idea that guides the content of an essay; the idea upon which a thesis statement is built. —the main idea upon which you build your thesis.

Remember that a thesis is not the topic itself, but rather your interpretation of the question or subject. For whatever topic your professor gives you, you must ask yourself, “What do I want to say about it?” Asking and then answering this question is vital to forming a thesis that is precise, forceful and confident.

A thesis is one sentence long and appears toward the end of your introduction. It is specific and focuses on one to three points of a single idea—points that are able to be demonstrated in the body. It forecasts the content of the essay and suggests how you will organize your information. Remember that a thesis statement does not summarize an issue but rather dissects it.

A Strong Thesis Statement

A strong thesis statement contains the following qualities.

Specificity. A thesis statement must concentrate on a specific area of a general topic. As you may recall, the creation of a thesis statement begins when you choose a broad subject and then narrow down its parts until you pinpoint a specific aspect of that topic. For example, health care is a broad topic, but a proper thesis statement would focus on a specific area of that topic, such as options for individuals without health care coverage.

Precision. A strong thesis statement must be precise enough to allow for a coherent argument and to remain focused on the topic. If the specific topic is options for individuals without health care coverage, then your precise thesis statement must make an exact claim about it, such as that limited options exist for those who are uninsured by their employers. You must further pinpoint what you are going to discuss regarding these limited effects, such as whom they affect and what the cause is.

Ability to be argued. A thesis statement must present a relevant and specific argument. A factual statement often is not considered arguable. Be sure your thesis statement contains a point of view that can be supported with evidence.

Ability to be demonstrated. For any claim you make in your thesis, you must be able to provide reasons and examples for your opinion. You can rely on personal observations in order to do this, or you can consult outside sources to demonstrate that what you assert is valid. A worthy argument is backed by examples and details.

Forcefulness. A thesis statement that is forceful shows readers that you are, in fact, making an argument. The tone is assertive and takes a stance that others might oppose.

Confidence. In addition to using force in your thesis statement, you must also use confidence in your claim. Phrases such as I feel or I believe actually weaken the readers’ sense of your confidence because these phrases imply that you are the only person who feels the way you do. In other words, your stance has insufficient backing. Taking an authoritative stance on the matter persuades your readers to have faith in your argument and open their minds to what you have to say.

Even in a personal essay that allows the use of first person, your thesis should not contain phrases such as in my opinion or I believe . These statements reduce your credibility and weaken your argument. Your opinion is more convincing when you use a firm attitude.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a thesis statement for each of the following topics. Remember to make each statement specific, precise, demonstrable, forceful and confident.

• Texting while driving
• The legal drinking age in the United States
• Steroid use among professional athletes

Examples of Appropriate Thesis Statements

Each of the following thesis statements meets several of the following requirements:

• Specificity
• Ability to be argued
• Ability to be demonstrated
• Forcefulness
• The societal and personal struggles of Troy Maxon in the play Fences symbolize the challenge of black males who lived through segregation and integration in the United States.
• Closing all American borders for a period of five years is one solution that will tackle illegal immigration.
• Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet spoils the outcome for the audience and weakens the plot.
• J. D. Salinger’s character in Catcher in the Rye , Holden Caulfield, is a confused rebel who voices his disgust with phonies, yet in an effort to protect himself, he acts like a phony on many occasions.
• Compared to an absolute divorce, no-fault divorce is less expensive, promotes fairer settlements, and reflects a more realistic view of the causes for marital breakdown.
• Exposing children from an early age to the dangers of drug abuse is a sure method of preventing future drug addicts.
• In today’s crumbling job market, a high school diploma is not significant enough education to land a stable, lucrative job.

You can find thesis statements in many places, such as in the news; in the opinions of friends, coworkers or teachers; and even in songs you hear on the radio. Become aware of thesis statements in everyday life by paying attention to people’s opinions and their reasons for those opinions. Pay attention to your own everyday thesis statements as well, as these can become material for future essays.

Now that you have read about the contents of a good thesis statement and have seen examples, take a look at the pitfalls to avoid when composing your own thesis:

A thesis is weak when it is simply a declaration of your subject or a description of what you will discuss in your essay.

Weak thesis statement: My paper will explain why imagination is more important than knowledge.

A thesis is weak when it makes an unreasonable or outrageous claim or insults the opposing side.

Weak thesis statement: Religious radicals across America are trying to legislate their Puritanical beliefs by banning required high school books.

A thesis is weak when it contains an obvious fact or something that no one can disagree with or provides a dead end.

Weak thesis statement: Advertising companies use sex to sell their products.

A thesis is weak when the statement is too broad.

Weak thesis statement: The life of Abraham Lincoln was long and challenging.

Read the following thesis statements. On a separate piece of paper, identify each as weak or strong. For those that are weak, list the reasons why. Then revise the weak statements so that they conform to the requirements of a strong thesis.

• The subject of this paper is my experience with ferrets as pets.
• The government must expand its funding for research on renewable energy resources in order to prepare for the impending end of oil.
• Edgar Allan Poe was a poet who lived in Baltimore during the nineteenth century.
• In this essay, I will give you lots of reasons why slot machines should not be legalized in Baltimore.
• Despite his promises during his campaign, President Kennedy took few executive measures to support civil rights legislation.
• Because many children’s toys have potential safety hazards that could lead to injury, it is clear that not all children’s toys are safe.
• My experience with young children has taught me that I want to be a disciplinary parent because I believe that a child without discipline can be a parent’s worst nightmare.

Writing at Work

Often in your career, you will need to ask your boss for something through an e-mail. Just as a thesis statement organizes an essay, it can also organize your e-mail request. While your e-mail will be shorter than an essay, using a thesis statement in your first paragraph quickly lets your boss know what you are asking for, why it is necessary, and what the benefits are. In short body paragraphs, you can provide the essential information needed to expand upon your request.

Thesis Statement Revision

Your thesis will probably change as you write, so you will need to modify it to reflect exactly what you have discussed in your essay. Remember from Chapter 7 "The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?" that your thesis statement begins as a working thesis statement An indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing. , an indefinite statement that you make about your topic early in the writing process for the purpose of planning and guiding your writing.

Working thesis statements often become stronger as you gather information and form new opinions and reasons for those opinions. Revision helps you strengthen your thesis so that it matches what you have expressed in the body of the paper.

The best way to revise your thesis statement is to ask questions about it and then examine the answers to those questions. By challenging your own ideas and forming definite reasons for those ideas, you grow closer to a more precise point of view, which you can then incorporate into your thesis statement.

Ways to Revise Your Thesis

You can cut down on irrelevant aspects and revise your thesis by taking the following steps:

Pinpoint and replace all nonspecific words, such as people , everything , society , or life , with more precise words in order to reduce any vagueness.

Working thesis: Young people have to work hard to succeed in life.

Revised thesis: Recent college graduates must have discipline and persistence in order to find and maintain a stable job in which they can use and be appreciated for their talents.

The revised thesis makes a more specific statement about success and what it means to work hard. The original includes too broad a range of people and does not define exactly what success entails. By replacing those general words like people and work hard , the writer can better focus his or her research and gain more direction in his or her writing.

Clarify ideas that need explanation by asking yourself questions that narrow your thesis.

Working thesis: The welfare system is a joke.

Revised thesis: The welfare system keeps a socioeconomic class from gaining employment by alluring members of that class with unearned income, instead of programs to improve their education and skill sets.

A joke means many things to many people. Readers bring all sorts of backgrounds and perspectives to the reading process and would need clarification for a word so vague. This expression may also be too informal for the selected audience. By asking questions, the writer can devise a more precise and appropriate explanation for joke . The writer should ask himself or herself questions similar to the 5WH questions. (See Chapter 7 "The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?" for more information on the 5WH questions.) By incorporating the answers to these questions into a thesis statement, the writer more accurately defines his or her stance, which will better guide the writing of the essay.

Replace any linking verbs A verb that connects or links the subject of a sentence to a noun or adjective. with action verbs. Linking verbs are forms of the verb to be , a verb that simply states that a situation exists.

Working thesis: Kansas City schoolteachers are not paid enough.

Revised thesis: The Kansas City legislature cannot afford to pay its educators, resulting in job cuts and resignations in a district that sorely needs highly qualified and dedicated teachers.

The linking verb in this working thesis statement is the word are . Linking verbs often make thesis statements weak because they do not express action. Rather, they connect words and phrases to the second half of the sentence. Readers might wonder, “Why are they not paid enough?” But this statement does not compel them to ask many more questions. The writer should ask himself or herself questions in order to replace the linking verb with an action verb, thus forming a stronger thesis statement, one that takes a more definitive stance on the issue:

• Who is not paying the teachers enough?
• What is considered “enough”?
• What is the problem?
• What are the results

Omit any general claims that are hard to support.

Working thesis: Today’s teenage girls are too sexualized.

Revised thesis: Teenage girls who are captivated by the sexual images on MTV are conditioned to believe that a woman’s worth depends on her sensuality, a feeling that harms their self-esteem and behavior.

It is true that some young women in today’s society are more sexualized than in the past, but that is not true for all girls. Many girls have strict parents, dress appropriately, and do not engage in sexual activity while in middle school and high school. The writer of this thesis should ask the following questions:

• Which teenage girls?
• What constitutes “too” sexualized?
• Why are they behaving that way?
• Where does this behavior show up?
• What are the repercussions?

In the first section of Chapter 7 "The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?" , you determined your purpose for writing and your audience. You then completed a freewriting exercise about an event you recently experienced and chose a general topic to write about. Using that general topic, you then narrowed it down by answering the 5WH questions. After you answered these questions, you chose one of the three methods of prewriting and gathered possible supporting points for your working thesis statement.

Now, on a separate sheet of paper, write down your working thesis statement. Identify any weaknesses in this sentence and revise the statement to reflect the elements of a strong thesis statement. Make sure it is specific, precise, arguable, demonstrable, forceful, and confident.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

In your career you may have to write a project proposal that focuses on a particular problem in your company, such as reinforcing the tardiness policy. The proposal would aim to fix the problem; using a thesis statement would clearly state the boundaries of the problem and tell the goals of the project. After writing the proposal, you may find that the thesis needs revision to reflect exactly what is expressed in the body. Using the techniques from this chapter would apply to revising that thesis.

Key Takeaways

• Proper essays require a thesis statement to provide a specific focus and suggest how the essay will be organized.
• A thesis statement is your interpretation of the subject, not the topic itself.
• A strong thesis is specific, precise, forceful, confident, and is able to be demonstrated.
• A strong thesis challenges readers with a point of view that can be debated and can be supported with evidence.
• A weak thesis is simply a declaration of your topic or contains an obvious fact that cannot be argued.
• Depending on your topic, it may or may not be appropriate to use first person point of view.
• Revise your thesis by ensuring all words are specific, all ideas are exact, and all verbs express action.

English 101: English Composition I: Creating a Thesis Statement

• Picking a Topic
• Creating a Thesis Statement
• Doing Research
• Creating an Essay
• English Tutoring
• Learning Resource Center This link opens in a new window

The second step to writing an essay or a research paper is to create a thesis statement, or the main idea.

What is a thesis statement?

According to Dictionary.com, thesis statement is defined as a short statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, etc., and is developed, supported, and explained in the text by means of examples and evidence.

Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKXkemYldmw

Website(s) about Thesis Statements

• How to Write a Thesis Statement Courtesy: Indiana University

Steps to Writing a Thesis Statement

Tips to Writing a Strong Thesis Statement

• Determine the type of paper you are trying to write.

• A thesis statement should be specific.
• A thesis statement usually is located at the end of your introduction (first) paragraph.
• Your thesis statement may change as you write, revise as needed. 

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What is a thesis | A Complete Guide with Examples

Table of Contents

A thesis is a comprehensive academic paper based on your original research that presents new findings, arguments, and ideas of your study. It’s typically submitted at the end of your master’s degree or as a capstone of your bachelor’s degree.

However, writing a thesis can be laborious, especially for beginners. From the initial challenge of pinpointing a compelling research topic to organizing and presenting findings, the process is filled with potential pitfalls.

Therefore, to help you, this guide talks about what is a thesis. Additionally, it offers revelations and methodologies to transform it from an overwhelming task to a manageable and rewarding academic milestone.

What is a thesis?

A thesis is an in-depth research study that identifies a particular topic of inquiry and presents a clear argument or perspective about that topic using evidence and logic.

Writing a thesis showcases your ability of critical thinking, gathering evidence, and making a compelling argument. Integral to these competencies is thorough research, which not only fortifies your propositions but also confers credibility to your entire study.

Furthermore, there's another phenomenon you might often confuse with the thesis: the ' working thesis .' However, they aren't similar and shouldn't be used interchangeably.

A working thesis, often referred to as a preliminary or tentative thesis, is an initial version of your thesis statement. It serves as a draft or a starting point that guides your research in its early stages.

As you research more and gather more evidence, your initial thesis (aka working thesis) might change. It's like a starting point that can be adjusted as you learn more. It's normal for your main topic to change a few times before you finalize it.

While a thesis identifies and provides an overarching argument, the key to clearly communicating the central point of that argument lies in writing a strong thesis statement.

What is a thesis statement?

A strong thesis statement (aka thesis sentence) is a concise summary of the main argument or claim of the paper. It serves as a critical anchor in any academic work, succinctly encapsulating the primary argument or main idea of the entire paper.

Typically found within the introductory section, a strong thesis statement acts as a roadmap of your thesis, directing readers through your arguments and findings. By delineating the core focus of your investigation, it offers readers an immediate understanding of the context and the gravity of your study.

Furthermore, an effectively crafted thesis statement can set forth the boundaries of your research, helping readers anticipate the specific areas of inquiry you are addressing.

Different types of thesis statements

A good thesis statement is clear, specific, and arguable. Therefore, it is necessary for you to choose the right type of thesis statement for your academic papers.

Thesis statements can be classified based on their purpose and structure. Here are the primary types of thesis statements:

Argumentative (or Persuasive) thesis statement

Purpose : To convince the reader of a particular stance or point of view by presenting evidence and formulating a compelling argument.

Example : Reducing plastic use in daily life is essential for environmental health.

Analytical thesis statement

Purpose : To break down an idea or issue into its components and evaluate it.

Example : By examining the long-term effects, social implications, and economic impact of climate change, it becomes evident that immediate global action is necessary.

Expository (or Descriptive) thesis statement

Purpose : To explain a topic or subject to the reader.

Example : The Great Depression, spanning the 1930s, was a severe worldwide economic downturn triggered by a stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

Cause and effect thesis statement

Purpose : To demonstrate a cause and its resulting effect.

Example : Overuse of smartphones can lead to impaired sleep patterns, reduced face-to-face social interactions, and increased levels of anxiety.

Compare and contrast thesis statement

Purpose : To highlight similarities and differences between two subjects.

Example : "While both novels '1984' and 'Brave New World' delve into dystopian futures, they differ in their portrayal of individual freedom, societal control, and the role of technology."

When you write a thesis statement , it's important to ensure clarity and precision, so the reader immediately understands the central focus of your work.

What is the difference between a thesis and a thesis statement?

While both terms are frequently used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings.

A thesis refers to the entire research document, encompassing all its chapters and sections. In contrast, a thesis statement is a brief assertion that encapsulates the central argument of the research.

Here’s an in-depth differentiation table of a thesis and a thesis statement.

Now, to craft a compelling thesis, it's crucial to adhere to a specific structure. Let’s break down these essential components that make up a thesis structure

15 components of a thesis structure

Navigating a thesis can be daunting. However, understanding its structure can make the process more manageable.

Here are the key components or different sections of a thesis structure:

Your thesis begins with the title page. It's not just a formality but the gateway to your research.

Here, you'll prominently display the necessary information about you (the author) and your institutional details.

• Title of your thesis
• Your full name
• Your department
• Your institution and degree program
• Your submission date
• Your Supervisor's name (in some cases)
• Your Department or faculty (in some cases)
• Your University's logo (in some cases)
• Your Student ID (in some cases)

In a concise manner, you'll have to summarize the critical aspects of your research in typically no more than 200-300 words.

This includes the problem statement, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. For many, the abstract will determine if they delve deeper into your work, so ensure it's clear and compelling.

Acknowledgments

Research is rarely a solitary endeavor. In the acknowledgments section, you have the chance to express gratitude to those who've supported your journey.

This might include advisors, peers, institutions, or even personal sources of inspiration and support. It's a personal touch, reflecting the humanity behind the academic rigor.

Table of contents

A roadmap for your readers, the table of contents lists the chapters, sections, and subsections of your thesis.

By providing page numbers, you allow readers to navigate your work easily, jumping to sections that pique their interest.

List of figures and tables

Research often involves data, and presenting this data visually can enhance understanding. This section provides an organized listing of all figures and tables in your thesis.

It's a visual index, ensuring that readers can quickly locate and reference your graphical data.

Introduction

Here's where you introduce your research topic, articulate the research question or objective, and outline the significance of your study.

• Present the research topic : Clearly articulate the central theme or subject of your research.
• Background information : Ground your research topic, providing any necessary context or background information your readers might need to understand the significance of your study.
• Define the scope : Clearly delineate the boundaries of your research, indicating what will and won't be covered.
• Literature review : Introduce any relevant existing research on your topic, situating your work within the broader academic conversation and highlighting where your research fits in.
• State the research Question(s) or objective(s) : Clearly articulate the primary questions or objectives your research aims to address.
• Outline the study's structure : Give a brief overview of how the subsequent sections of your work will unfold, guiding your readers through the journey ahead.

The introduction should captivate your readers, making them eager to delve deeper into your research journey.

Literature review section

Your study correlates with existing research. Therefore, in the literature review section, you'll engage in a dialogue with existing knowledge, highlighting relevant studies, theories, and findings.

It's here that you identify gaps in the current knowledge, positioning your research as a bridge to new insights.

To streamline this process, consider leveraging AI tools. For example, the SciSpace literature review tool enables you to efficiently explore and delve into research papers, simplifying your literature review journey.

Methodology

In the research methodology section, you’ll detail the tools, techniques, and processes you employed to gather and analyze data. This section will inform the readers about how you approached your research questions and ensures the reproducibility of your study.

Here's a breakdown of what it should encompass:

• Research Design : Describe the overall structure and approach of your research. Are you conducting a qualitative study with in-depth interviews? Or is it a quantitative study using statistical analysis? Perhaps it's a mixed-methods approach?
• Data Collection : Detail the methods you used to gather data. This could include surveys, experiments, observations, interviews, archival research, etc. Mention where you sourced your data, the duration of data collection, and any tools or instruments used.
• Sampling : If applicable, explain how you selected participants or data sources for your study. Discuss the size of your sample and the rationale behind choosing it.
• Data Analysis : Describe the techniques and tools you used to process and analyze the data. This could range from statistical tests in quantitative research to thematic analysis in qualitative research.
• Validity and Reliability : Address the steps you took to ensure the validity and reliability of your findings to ensure that your results are both accurate and consistent.
• Ethical Considerations : Highlight any ethical issues related to your research and the measures you took to address them, including — informed consent, confidentiality, and data storage and protection measures.

Moreover, different research questions necessitate different types of methodologies. For instance:

• Experimental methodology : Often used in sciences, this involves a controlled experiment to discern causality.
• Qualitative methodology : Employed when exploring patterns or phenomena without numerical data. Methods can include interviews, focus groups, or content analysis.
• Quantitative methodology : Concerned with measurable data and often involves statistical analysis. Surveys and structured observations are common tools here.
• Mixed methods : As the name implies, this combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

The Methodology section isn’t just about detailing the methods but also justifying why they were chosen. The appropriateness of the methods in addressing your research question can significantly impact the credibility of your findings.

Results (or Findings)

This section presents the outcomes of your research. It's crucial to note that the nature of your results may vary; they could be quantitative, qualitative, or a mix of both.

Quantitative results often present statistical data, showcasing measurable outcomes, and they benefit from tables, graphs, and figures to depict these data points.

Qualitative results , on the other hand, might delve into patterns, themes, or narratives derived from non-numerical data, such as interviews or observations.

Regardless of the nature of your results, clarity is essential. This section is purely about presenting the data without offering interpretations — that comes later in the discussion.

In the discussion section, the raw data transforms into valuable insights.

Start by revisiting your research question and contrast it with the findings. How do your results expand, constrict, or challenge current academic conversations?

Dive into the intricacies of the data, guiding the reader through its implications. Detail potential limitations transparently, signaling your awareness of the research's boundaries. This is where your academic voice should be resonant and confident.

Practical implications (Recommendation) section

Based on the insights derived from your research, this section provides actionable suggestions or proposed solutions.

Whether aimed at industry professionals or the general public, recommendations translate your academic findings into potential real-world actions. They help readers understand the practical implications of your work and how it can be applied to effect change or improvement in a given field.

When crafting recommendations, it's essential to ensure they're feasible and rooted in the evidence provided by your research. They shouldn't merely be aspirational but should offer a clear path forward, grounded in your findings.

The conclusion provides closure to your research narrative.

It's not merely a recap but a synthesis of your main findings and their broader implications. Reconnect with the research questions or hypotheses posited at the beginning, offering clear answers based on your findings.

Reflect on the broader contributions of your study, considering its impact on the academic community and potential real-world applications.

Lastly, the conclusion should leave your readers with a clear understanding of the value and impact of your study.

References (or Bibliography)

Every theory you've expounded upon, every data point you've cited, and every methodological precedent you've followed finds its acknowledgment here.

In references, it's crucial to ensure meticulous consistency in formatting, mirroring the specific guidelines of the chosen citation style .

Proper referencing helps to avoid plagiarism , gives credit to original ideas, and allows readers to explore topics of interest. Moreover, it situates your work within the continuum of academic knowledge.

To properly cite the sources used in the study, you can rely on online citation generator tools  to generate accurate citations!

Here’s more on how you can cite your sources.

Often, the depth of research produces a wealth of material that, while crucial, can make the core content of the thesis cumbersome. The appendix is where you mention extra information that supports your research but isn't central to the main text.

Whether it's raw datasets, detailed procedural methodologies, extended case studies, or any other ancillary material, the appendices ensure that these elements are archived for reference without breaking the main narrative's flow.

For thorough researchers and readers keen on meticulous details, the appendices provide a treasure trove of insights.

Glossary (optional)

In academics, specialized terminologies, and jargon are inevitable. However, not every reader is versed in every term.

The glossary, while optional, is a critical tool for accessibility. It's a bridge ensuring that even readers from outside the discipline can access, understand, and appreciate your work.

By defining complex terms and providing context, you're inviting a wider audience to engage with your research, enhancing its reach and impact.

Remember, while these components provide a structured framework, the essence of your thesis lies in the originality of your ideas, the rigor of your research, and the clarity of your presentation.

As you craft each section, keep your readers in mind, ensuring that your passion and dedication shine through every page.

Thesis examples

To further elucidate the concept of a thesis, here are illustrative examples from various fields:

Example 1 (History): Abolition, Africans, and Abstraction: the Influence of the ‘Noble Savage’ on British and French Antislavery Thought, 1787-1807 by Suchait Kahlon.

Example 2 (Climate Dynamics): Influence of external forcings on abrupt millennial-scale climate changes: a statistical modelling study by Takahito Mitsui · Michel Crucifix

Checklist for your thesis evaluation

Evaluating your thesis ensures that your research meets the standards of academia. Here's an elaborate checklist to guide you through this critical process.

Content and structure

• Is the thesis statement clear, concise, and debatable?
• Does the introduction provide sufficient background and context?
• Is the literature review comprehensive, relevant, and well-organized?
• Does the methodology section clearly describe and justify the research methods?
• Are the results/findings presented clearly and logically?
• Does the discussion interpret the results in light of the research question and existing literature?
• Is the conclusion summarizing the research and suggesting future directions or implications?

Clarity and coherence

• Is the writing clear and free of jargon?
• Are ideas and sections logically connected and flowing?
• Is there a clear narrative or argument throughout the thesis?

Research quality

• Is the research question significant and relevant?
• Are the research methods appropriate for the question?
• Is the sample size (if applicable) adequate?
• Are the data analysis techniques appropriate and correctly applied?
• Are potential biases or limitations addressed?

Originality and significance

• Does the thesis contribute new knowledge or insights to the field?
• Is the research grounded in existing literature while offering fresh perspectives?

Formatting and presentation

• Is the thesis formatted according to institutional guidelines?
• Are figures, tables, and charts clear, labeled, and referenced in the text?
• Is the bibliography or reference list complete and consistently formatted?
• Are appendices relevant and appropriately referenced in the main text?

Grammar and language

• Is the thesis free of grammatical and spelling errors?
• Is the language professional, consistent, and appropriate for an academic audience?
• Are quotations and paraphrased material correctly cited?

Feedback and revision

• Have you sought feedback from peers, advisors, or experts in the field?
• Have you addressed the feedback and made the necessary revisions?

Overall assessment

• Does the thesis as a whole feel cohesive and comprehensive?
• Would the thesis be understandable and valuable to someone in your field?

Ensure to use this checklist to leave no ground for doubt or missed information in your thesis.

After writing your thesis, the next step is to discuss and defend your findings verbally in front of a knowledgeable panel. You’ve to be well prepared as your professors may grade your presentation abilities.

Preparing your thesis defense

A thesis defense, also known as "defending the thesis," is the culmination of a scholar's research journey. It's the final frontier, where you’ll present their findings and face scrutiny from a panel of experts.

Typically, the defense involves a public presentation where you’ll have to outline your study, followed by a question-and-answer session with a committee of experts. This committee assesses the validity, originality, and significance of the research.

The defense serves as a rite of passage for scholars. It's an opportunity to showcase expertise, address criticisms, and refine arguments. A successful defense not only validates the research but also establishes your authority as a researcher in your field.

Here’s how you can effectively prepare for your thesis defense .

Now, having touched upon the process of defending a thesis, it's worth noting that scholarly work can take various forms, depending on academic and regional practices.

One such form, often paralleled with the thesis, is the 'dissertation.' But what differentiates the two?

Dissertation vs. Thesis

Often used interchangeably in casual discourse, they refer to distinct research projects undertaken at different levels of higher education.

To the uninitiated, understanding their meaning might be elusive. So, let's demystify these terms and delve into their core differences.

Here's a table differentiating between the two.

Wrapping up

From understanding the foundational concept of a thesis to navigating its various components, differentiating it from a dissertation, and recognizing the importance of proper citation — this guide covers it all.

As scholars and readers, understanding these nuances not only aids in academic pursuits but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the relentless quest for knowledge that drives academia.

It’s important to remember that every thesis is a testament to curiosity, dedication, and the indomitable spirit of discovery.

Good luck with your thesis writing!

Frequently Asked Questions

A thesis typically ranges between 40-80 pages, but its length can vary based on the research topic, institution guidelines, and level of study.

A PhD thesis usually spans 200-300 pages, though this can vary based on the discipline, complexity of the research, and institutional requirements.

To identify a thesis topic, consider current trends in your field, gaps in existing literature, personal interests, and discussions with advisors or mentors. Additionally, reviewing related journals and conference proceedings can provide insights into potential areas of exploration.

The conceptual framework is often situated in the literature review or theoretical framework section of a thesis. It helps set the stage by providing the context, defining key concepts, and explaining the relationships between variables.

A thesis statement should be concise, clear, and specific. It should state the main argument or point of your research. Start by pinpointing the central question or issue your research addresses, then condense that into a single statement, ensuring it reflects the essence of your paper.

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What is a Thesis Statement?

A thesis statement is a short paragraph that describes the central ideas of a research paper. A thesis statement is usually placed at the end of the introduction.

It clearly explains to the readers what your research paper or thesis is about. It will help you set the tone and direction while writing.

Frequently Asked Questions

You can write a thesis statement for your research paper using our free thesis statement writer tool. All you need to do is to provide the topic, main arguments, and main idea of the thesis. Our tool will come up with a statement within no time.

A thesis statement is important for every academic research paper. It gives students writing direction and focus to prevent them from distracting. Additionally, it gives a brief summary of the main points of your research paper.

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