physics scope after phd

Ph.D. in Physics - Top 10 Career Options After the Doctoral Degree

Blog / November 10, 2023

A Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree represents the pinnacle of academic achievement, marking the peak of meticulous research, intellectual exploration, and scholarly inquiry. This degree is the credential transcending mere qualification, epitomizing an individual’s expertise and contributions to their select study. The future of a Ph.D. is audacious, especially when it comes to constant growth and alteration, as it is a cornerstone of advancement and progress in an immensely intricate and intertwined world. 

In the coming years, there is no denying that the significance of the Ph.D. will only get intensified, be it in any particular subject, such as Physics, Chemistry, or Mathematics. The global landscape is exponentially evolving, with vivid challenges emerging in fields such as climate science and artificial intelligence. As such, the requirement for individuals with high-tech research skills and the capability to put the boundaries of knowledge will remain crucial. 

Ph.D. holders will play a great role in addressing various challenges mentioned above, not just in academia but also in the government sector, private sector, and beyond. Moreover, the multidisciplinary nature of contemporary research demands think tanks that can bridge conventional boundaries, making the Ph.D. an impetus for innovation as well as collaboration. As we move towards the future, Ph.D. stands as a balefire of intellectual pursuit and a driver of progress, poised to shape the world in ways we are only beginning to envision. If you are keenly interested in ameliorating your career in Physics, enrolling for a Ph.D. in Physics would be a great decision.

Is a Ph.D. in Physics Worth It?

Yes, indeed!

If you have a genuine passion for Physics and a solid desire to dig deeper into the subject matter, then a Ph.D. in Physics can emerge as a gratifying journey. In simple words, the pursuit of knowledge and the opportunity to pay your part can be personally satisfying.

Based on data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment outlook for physicists and astronomers, including individuals holding a Ph.D. in Physics, is projected to grow by approximately 7% from 2020 to 2030, a rate that aligns closely with the overall average.

Top 10 Career Options After Ph.D. in Physics

There is a broader array of career opportunities for Physics Ph.D. graduates, stemming from the extensive education they receive during their academic journey. These educational experiences allow them to grasp some of the most coveted career paths accessible in the realm of Physics. The Ph.D. in Physics program provides students with a profound understanding of numerous subjects within the discipline. Below are the most sought-after employment opportunities for Ph.D. Physics holders in India:

• Laboratory Supervisor - INR 5 LPA
• Subject Matter Expert - INR 5 LPA
• Senior Physicist - INR 14 LPA
• Technical Writer - INR 5.5 LPA
• Educator and Professor - INR 7.9 LPA
• Research Scientist - INR 8.4 LPA
• Physics Consultant - INR 4.3 LPA
• Research Professional and Technician - INR 5 LPA
• Natural Science Manager - INR 8.6 LPA

The Ph.D. in Physics salary in India can vary depending on a multitude of factors. The factors that can impact the scope after Ph.D. Physics salary include designation, education, and location.

Unravel the Mysteries of Cosmos with a Ph.D. in Physics @ Shiv Nadar University (Institution of Eminence)

The School of Natural Sciences at Shiv Nadar University stands as a beacon of opportunities and innovation for aspiring physicists with a passion for advanced research and a wish to push the boundaries of human knowledge. Nestled in the serene and academic enclave of Greater Noida, India, Shiv Nadar University has surfaced as one of the institutions typically dedicated to promoting cutting-edge research in multitudes of domains, with a great focus on physics.

Established in 2011 by visionary philanthropist Shiv Nadar, this University has rapidly garnered recognition for its commitment to academic excellence and innovation across disciplines. Its dedication to accelerating the next generation of physicists and researchers is evident in its outstanding Ph.D. in Physics . The Doctoral degree in Physics is typically curated to provide aspiring physicists with the resources, mentorship, and intellectual stimulation essential to significantly contribute to the field. The program is of five years, in which you will learn about-

• Review of Classical Mechanics 
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Review of Statistical Mechanics 
• High Energy Physics 
• Exploration in Research and 
• Review of Quantum Mechanics 
• Physics Elective
• Review of Classical Electrodynamics 

-followed by research with their respective mentors. Also, during the Ph.D. program in Physics, if you choose to enroll full-time, you will be granted a doctoral award, which includes a waiver of tuition fees (as determined by the Department) and a monthly stipend. During the initial two years, the stipend will amount to INR 40,000 per month, and for the subsequent three years, it will increase to INR 45,000 per month, contingent upon achieving the 'Advancement to Candidacy' status.

In addition, the continuation of this award is contingent upon maintaining satisfactory performance throughout the program, which will be assessed continuously, and adhering to all University regulations.

What sets Shiv Nadar University apart is that its deserving Ph.D. students will be given full support for presenting their research at conferences and publishing their work. It is imperative to keep in mind that students with CSIR, UGC, and INSPIRE fellowships will receive a full tuition fee waiver. The University is renowned for its state-of-the-art research facilities, elite faculty, and a positive environment for multidisciplinary collaboration.

Master the Quantum Realm with a Ph.D. in Physics

Pursuing a Ph.D. in Physics is a journey of intellectual exploration and discovery, proffering countless opportunities to deepen the understanding of the paramount laws governing the universe. Simply, it is a path for those individuals who have a knack for raveling the cosmos mysteries, from the tiniest particles to the heftier celestial bodies. Via meticulous research, advancement, and critical thinking, a Ph.D. student in Physics contributes to the evolution of human knowledge and usually makes cutting-edge contributions to sciences and technology.

Whilst the journey is demanding, the rewards are impeccable, as a Ph.D. in Physics will not only open the doors to a broader range of career opportunities but enable individuals to leave a never-ending legacy in the sphere of scientific exploration. If you want to embark on this exciting journey, enroll now at Shiv Nadar University today!

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5 Careers to Pursue With Your PhD in Physics

Often the first and sometimes only career that comes to mind when students consider pursuing their Ph.D. in Physics is a job in academia. Teaching at a college or university can be a noble and rewarding career – but your professional options are not limited exclusively to the realm of a classroom or lab.

Keep reading for data about the fields in which physicists end up working and for a detailed look at the potential career paths that are open to people with an advanced degree in physics.

The Data Shows Career Diversity

One study performed by the American Institute of Physics (AIP), surveyed 503 physicists about their careers working in the private sector, 10-15 years after earning their Ph.D. The data collected revealed a several commonalities. First, the vast majority of mid-career Ph.D. physicists were working in the STEM fields. The most common fields were physics and engineering , followed by education, computer software, and business. Other fields included education (non-physics), non-STEM, other STEM, computer hardware, and medicine.

Additionally, the study found that physicists' careers in the private sector relied heavily on skills such as solving complex problems, managing projects, and writing for a technical audience. Across the board, the study found that the physicists felt their work was rewarding, as they found the work intellectually stimulating and challenging, and enjoyed collaborating with smart professional colleagues.

While the possibilities are vast and varied for those graduating from physics Ph.D. programs , the following are examples meant to demonstrate the range of fields and careers that are available to you.

Research and Development Engineer (Physics)

Job Description: According to AIP, about half of Research and Development Engineers work in the private sector (51 percent) , with 31 percent working in government, 16 percent the academic sector, and 2 percent in other areas. These engineers are responsible for overseeing, conducting, and applying research activities and experiments for organizations . They also will take the results, summarize them and disseminate their findings. They might also be responsible for developing technical documentation for projects.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, project management, technical problem solving, programming, basic physics principles
• Average Salary: $103,140 (as of July 2018)

Data Scientist (Non-STEM)

Job Description : AIP found that the vast majority of Data Scientists work in private industry (82 percent), a smaller portion working for the government (15 percent), and only 2 percent in the academic and 1 percent in other sectors. Data Scientists are responsible for taking large amounts of data and mining for patterns and information hidden within the data sets. They use statistical analysis to review the data, learn about how a business performs, and to build AI tools that automate certain processes within the company. They might also be responsible for creating various machine learning-based tools or processes , including recommendation engines and automated lead scoring systems.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing, technical problem solving, programming, design and development, specialized equipment.
• Average Salary : $131,847 (as of August 2018)

Quantitative Developer (Business)

Job Description : Virtually all Quantitative Developers (often referred to as quants) are working in private industry (95 percent) . AIP found that 5 percent found employment in other sectors. A job as a Quantitative Developer will require an interest in working in finance, math, and technology. You will also need experience with computer programming languages such as Matlab, C++, Java, C#, Q, Perl, Python and others. The majority of the work is creating, implementing, and analyzing mathematical models that are used to drive trading decisions. Developers also analyze risk models, create and develop new software for automated trading, and work alongside traders and other financial analysts in the company.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical problem solving, project management, programming, advanced math, simulation and modeling, perform quality control.
• Average Salary : $124,552 (as of August 2018)

Systems Engineer (Computer Software)

Job Description: According to AIP, almost all Systems Engineers work in the private sector (94 percent) , with small portions working in hospital or medical facilities (3 percent), academic settings (3 percent), or government (1 percent). Systems Engineers work alongside a team of highly technical engineers to ensure the quality, performance, and security of software infrustructures. The are responsible for installing, configuring, testing, and maintaining operating systems , application software, and system management tools. They monitor and test the systems, working to identify potential problems and creating and implementing solutions.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing and problem solving, programing, advanced math, simulation and modeling, perform technical support.
• Average Salary: ( $92,586 as of August 2018)

Medical Physicist (Medicine)

Job Description: AIP found that 74 percent of Medical Physicists worked in the private sector, and the remaining 26 percent worked in a hospital or medical facility. Medical physicists use a variety of analytical, computer-aided and bioengineering techniques, as well as analytical skills and applied science to aid doctors and medical staff in diagnosing and treating patients. They are responsible for helping to plan and ensure the safe and accurate treatment of patients. Often they will provide training and advice on advanced medical technologies such as radiotherapy, tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and lasers.

About 85% of medical physicists are involved with "some form of therapy," according to Physics Today , a publication of the AIP.

• Skills Highlighted : Ability to work on a team, technical writing and problem solving, programming, advanced math, work with clients, design and development, simulation and modeling, applied research.
• Median Salary: ( $185,000 as of 2012)

A Ph.D. in Physics Can Take You Far

Your career options post-doctorate are far from restricted to a classroom, a lab, or academia. Upon completion of your Ph.D. program, you will be equipped with the expertise to complement any number of professional teams in a variety of sectors. You could have the option of working in private industry, for government agencies, in hospitals and medical facilities, or if you desire, in a research lab or as a tenured professor.  

The only question that remains is – what will you choose to do next? Start pursuing your advanced degree in physics in order to make one of these careers a reality!

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Doctoral Program (Ph.D.)

• Graduate Programs

The Physics Ph.D. program provides students with opportunities to perform independent research in some of the most current and dynamic areas of physics. Students develop a solid and broad physics knowledge base in the first year through the core curriculum, departmental colloquia, and training.

Upper-level courses and departmental seminar series subsequently provide more specialized exposure. Armed with the core knowledge, doctoral students join a research group working in an area of particular interest. This research is performed in very close collaboration with one or more faculty whose interests span a wide range of physics fields.

Applicants are expected to have a strong background in physics or closely related subjects at the undergraduate level. All applications are evaluated holistically to assess the applicant's preparation and potential for graduate coursework and independent research, which can be demonstrated in multiple ways.

Submitting General and Physics GRE scores is recommended (but not required), especially for non-traditional students (this includes applicants with a bachelor's degree outside of physics or applicants who have taken a long gap after completing their bachelor's degree).

Three recommendation letters from faculty or others acquainted with the applicant's academic and/or research qualifications are required.

If you have submitted an application and need to make changes or add to the application, do not send the materials to the Physics department. The department is unable to alter or add to your application. Contact the  Graduate School staff  for all changes.  

Ph.D. Program Milestones and Guideposts

• Work toward joining a research group
• Pass 3 courses per semester if a TA or 4 courses per semester if a Fellow with at least 50% B's or better
• Complete 6 core courses (PHYS 2010, 2030, 2040, 2050, 2060, 2140)
• Begin research
• Complete PHYS2010 (or other core courses) if not taken during Year 1
• Complete at least 2 advanced courses
• Pass qualifying exam
• Complete 2nd Year Ethics Training
• Identify prelim committee
• Continue research
• Complete remaining advanced courses
• Pass preliminary exam and advance to candidacy
• Complete thesis research
• Write and defend thesis

Ph.D. Resources

• Ph.D. Program Student Handbook
• Graduate Core Course Listing
• Finding a Research Group
• Comprehensive Exam Information
• Ph.D. Second Year Ethics Training Requirement
• Ph.D. Preliminary Exam Requirements and Guidelines
• Ph.D. Prelim Form
• Physics Department Defense Form
• Ph.D. Dissertation Defense Requirements and Guidelines
• Ph.D. Course Waiver/Permission Form

• Doing a PhD in Physics
• Doing a PhD

What Is It Like to Do a PhD in Physics?

Physics is arguably the most fundamental scientific discipline and underpins much of our understanding of the universe. Physics is based on experiments and mathematical analysis which aims to investigate the physical laws which make up life as we know it.

Due to the large scope of physics, a PhD project may focus on any of the following subject areas:

• Thermodynamics
• Cosmology and Astrophysics
• Nuclear Physics
• Solid State Physics
• Condensed matter Physics
• Particle Physics
• Quantum mechanics
• Computational Physics
• Theoretical Physics
• Electromagnetism and photonics
• Molecular physics
• And many more

Compared to an undergraduate degree, PhD courses involve original research which, creates new knowledge in a chosen research area. Through this you will develop a detailed understanding of applicable techniques for research, become an expert in your research field, and contribute to extending the boundaries of knowledge.

During your postgraduate study you will be required to produce a dissertation which summarises your novel findings and explains their significance. Postgraduate research students also undertake an oral exam, known as the Viva, where you must defend your thesis to examiners.

Browse PhDs in Physics

Decoherence due to flux noise in superconducting qubits at microkelvin temperatures, in-situ disposal of cementitious wastes at uk nuclear sites, coventry university postgraduate research studentships, discovery of solid state electrolytes using deep learning, observing the black hole mergers in the early universe with next-generation gravitational wave observatories, hear from phd students and doctorates:.

To get a better perspective of what life is really like doing a Physics PhD, read the interview profiles below, from those that have been there before, and are there now:

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Physics?

The typical full-time programme has a course length of 3 to 4 years . Most universities also offer part-time study . The typical part-time programme has a course length of 5 to 7 years.

The typical Physics PhD programme sees PhD students study on a probationary basis during their first year. Admission to the second year of study and enrolment onto the PhD programme is subject to a successful first year review. The format of this review varies across organisations but commonly involves a written report of progress made on your research project and an oral examination.

Additional Learning Modules:

Most Physics PhD programme have no formal requirement for students to attend core courses. There are, however, typically several research seminars, technical lectures, journal clubs and other courses held within the Physics department that students are expected to attend.

Research seminars are commonly arranged throughout your programme to support you with different aspects of your study, for example networking with other postgraduates, guidelines on working with your supervisor, how to avoid bias in independent research, tips for thesis writing, and time management skills.

Doctoral training and development workshops are commonly organised both within and outside of the department and aim to develop students’ transferrable skills (for example communication and team working). Information on opportunities for development that exist within the University and explored and your post doctorate career plans will be discussed.

Lectures run by department staff and visiting scholars on particular subject matters relevant to your research topic are sometimes held, and your supervisor (or supervisory committee) is likely to encourage you to attend.

Typical Entry Requirements:

A UK Physics PhD programme normally requires a minimum upper second-class (2:1) honours undergraduate or postgraduate degree (or overseas equivalent) in physics, or a closely related subject. Closely related subjects vary depending on projects, but mathematics and material sciences are common. Graduate students with relevant work experience may also be considered.

Funded PhD programmes (for examples those sponsored by Doctoral Training Partnerships or by the university school) are more competitive, and hence entry requirements tend to be more demanding.

English Language Requirements:

Universities typically expect international students to provide evidence of their English Language ability as part of their applications. This is usually benchmarked by an IELTS exam score of 6.5 (with a minimum score of 6 in each component), a TOEFL (iBT) exam score 92, a CAE and CPE exam score of 176 or another equivalent. The exact score requirements for the different English Language Qualifications may differ across different universities.

Tips to Improve Your Application:

If you are applying to a Physics PhD, you should have a thorough grasp of the fundamentals of physics, and also appreciate the concepts within the focus of your chosen research topic. Whilst you should be able to demonstrate this through either your Bachelors or Master’s degree, it is also beneficial to also be able to show this through extra-curricular engagement, for example attending seminars or conferences. This will also get across your passion for Physics – a valuable addition to your application as supervisors are looking for committed students.

It is advisable to make informal contact with the project supervisors for any positions you are interested in prior to applying formally. This is a good chance for you to understand more about the Physics department and project itself. Contacting the supervisor also allows you to build a rapport, demonstrate your interest, and see if the project and potential supervisor are a good fit for you. Some universities require you to provide additional evidence to support your application. These can include:

• University certificates and transcripts (translated to English if required)
• Academic CV
• Covering Letter
• English certificate – for international students

How Much Does a Physics PhD Degree Typically Cost?

Annual tuition fees for a PhD in Physics in the UK are approximately £4,000 to £5,000 per year for home (UK) students and are around £22,000 per year for overseas students. This, alongside the standard range in tuition fees that you can expect, is summarised below:

Note: The EU students are considered International from the start of the 2021/22 academic year.

Due to the experimental nature of Physics programmes, research students not funded by UK research councils may also be required to pay a bench fee . Bench fees are additional fees to your tuition, which covers the cost of travel, laboratory materials, computing equipment or resources associated with your research. For physics research students in particular this is likely to involve training in specialist software, laboratory administration, material and sample ordering, and computing upkeep.

What Specific Funding Opportunities Are There for A PhD in Physics?

As a PhD applicant, you may be eligible for a loan of up to £25,700. You can apply for a PhD loan if you’re ordinarily resident in the UK or EU, aged 60 or under when the course starts and are not in receipt of Research Council funding.

Research Councils provide funding for research in the UK through competitive schemes. These funding opportunities cover doctoral students’ tuition fees and sometimes include an additional annual maintenance grant. The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) is a government agency that funds scientific research in the UK. Applications for EPSRC funding should be made directly to the EPSRC, but some Universities also advertise EPSRC funded PhD studentships on their website. The main funding body for Physics PhD studentships is EPSRC’s group on postgraduate support and careers, which has responsibility for postgraduate student support.

The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) funds a large range of projects in Physics and Astronomy. To apply for funding students must locate the relevant project, contact the host institution for details of the postdoctoral researcher they wish to approach and then apply directly to them.

You can use DiscoverPhD’s database to search for a PhD studentship in Physics now.

What Specific Skills Will You Get from a PhD in Physics?

PhD doctorates possess highly marketable skills which make them strong candidates for analytical and strategic roles. The following skills in particular make them attractive prospects to employers in research, finance and consulting:

• Strong numerical skills
• Strong analytical skills
• Laboratory experience
• Application of theoretical concepts to real world problems

Aside from this, postgraduate students will also get transferable skills that can be applied to a much wider range of careers. These include:

• Excellent oral and written communication skills
• Great attention to detail
• Collaboration and teamwork
• Independent thinking

What Jobs Can I Get with a PhD in Physics?

The wide range of specialties within Physics courses alone provides a number of job opportunities, from becoming a meteorologist to a material scientist. However, one of the advantages Physics doctorates have over other doctorates is their studies often provide a strong numerical and analytical foundation. This opens a number of career options outside of traditional research roles. Examples of common career paths Physics PostDocs take are listed below:

Academia – A PhD in Physics is a prerequisite for higher education teaching roles in Physics (e.g. University lecturer). Many doctorates opt to teach and supervise students to continue their contribution to research. This is popular among those who favour the scientific nature of their field and wish to pursue theoretical concepts.

PostDoc Researcher – Other postdoctoral researchers enter careers in research, either academic capacity i.e. researching with their University, or in industry i.e. with an independent organisation. Again, this is suited to those who wish to continue learning, enjoy collaboration and working in an interdisciplinary research group, and also offers travel opportunities for international conferences.

Astronomy – Astronomers study the universe and often work with mathematical formulas, computer modelling and theoretical concepts to predict behaviours. A PhD student in this field may work as astrobiologists, planetary geologists or government advisors.

Finance – As mentioned previously, analytical and numerical skills are the backbone of the scientific approach, and the typical postgraduate research programme in Physics is heavily reliant on numeracy. As such, many PostDocs are found to have financial careers. Financial roles typically offer lucrative salaries.

Consulting – Consulting firms often consider a doctoral student with a background in Physics for employment as ideal for consultancy, based on their critical thinking and strategic planning skills.

How Much Can You Earn with A PhD in Physics?

Data from the HESA is presented below which presents the salary band of UK domiciled leaver (2012/13) in full-time paid UK employment with postgraduate qualifications in Physical Studies:

With a doctoral physics degree, your earning potential will mostly depend on your chosen career path. Due to the wide range of options, it’s impossible to provide an arbitrary value for the typical salary you can expect. However, if you pursue one of the below paths or enter their respective industry, you can roughly expect to earn:

Academic Lecturer

• Approximately £30,000 – £35,000 starting salary
• Approximately £40,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £45,000 – £55,000 with 10 years experience
• Approximately £60,000 and over with significant experience and a leadership role. Certain academic positions can earn over £80,000 depending on the management duties.

Actuary or Finance

• Approximately £35,000 starting salary
• Approximately £45,000 – £55,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £70,000 and over with 10 years experience
• Approximately £180,000 and above with significant experience and a leadership role.

Aerospace or Mechanical Engineering

• Approximately £28,000 starting salary
• Approximately £35,000 – £40,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £60,000 and over with 10 years experience

Data Analyst

• Approximately £45,000 – £50,000 with a few years experience
• Approximately £90,000 and above with significant experience and a leadership role.

Geophysicist

• Approximately £28,000 – £35,000 starting salary
• Approximately £40,000 – £65,000 with a few years’ experience
• Approximately £80,000 and over with significant experience and a leadership role

Medical Physicist

• Approximately £27,500 – £30,000 starting salary
• Approximately £30,000 – £45,000 with a few years’ experience
• Approximately £50,000 and over with significant experience and a leadership role

Meteorologist

• Approximately £20,000 – £25,000 starting salary
• Approximately £25,000 – £35,000 with a few years’ experience
• Approximately £45,000 and over with significant experience and a leadership role

Again, we stress that the above are indicative values only. Actual salaries will depend on the specific organisation and position and responsibilities of the individual.

UK Physics PhD Statistics

The Higher Education Statistics Agency has an abundance of useful statistics and data on higher education in the UK. We have looked at the data from the Destination of Leavers 2016/17 survey to provide information specific for Physics Doctorates:

The graph below shows the destination of 2016/17 leavers with research based postgraduate qualifications in physical sciences. This portrays a very promising picture for Physics doctorates, with 92% of leavers are in work or further study.

The table below presents the destination (sorted by standard industrial classification) of 1015 students entering employment in the UK with doctorates in Physical Studies, from 2012/13 to 2016/17. It can be seen that PhD postdocs have a wide range of career paths, though jobs in education, professional, scientific and technical activities, and manufacturing are common.

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PhD Physics Course, Admission 2024, Eligibility, Duration, Syllabus, Fees, Career

Ph.D. in Physics is a three to a six-year-long full-time research programme that teaches or expands on research skills and knowledge. Students pursuing a Ph.D. must choose a topic and conduct a considerable study on it. Physics is a research-oriented academic subject that is offered at all levels of education.

Highlights: Ph.D Physics

Eligibility criteria of ph.d. physics, admission process of ph.d physics, top entrance exam for ph.d in physics, cut-off for top colleges, skills required for ph.d in physics, syllabus of ph.d physics, fee structure of ph.d physics, scope of ph.d physics, career options after ph.d physics, benefits of studying ph.d physics, salary after ph.d physics, list of top 10 ph.d in physics colleges in india with fees, top private ph.d in physics colleges in india with fees, top government phd physics colleges in india with fees.

The main topics covered in the area of Physics are Classical, Relativistic, and Quantum Physics. Ph.D. is a doctoral degree with an academic focus and comprises research-based areas with their practical applications. The Ph.D in Physics programme is designed for applicants who want to learn Physics at an advanced level.

Students must know the colleges offering Ph.D in Physics, some of the top colleges include Acharya Institute of Bangalore, Alagappa Government Arts College Karaikudi, and Amity University. Students must check the admission details and appear for relevant entrance examinations such as UGC NET or any other exam specified by the institute.

Candidates aspiring to pursue Ph.D. in Physics must meet the eligibility criteria of the Ph.D in Mathematics course before applying for the admissions. The career options in the field of Ph.D Physics are Physicist, Teacher, and Data Analyst. Students are advised to choose career options based on their interests and aptitude.

The requirements for a PhD in Physics vary by the higher education institution. Those with a master's degree in Physics or similar disciplines are eligible for a PhD in physics. Mentioned below are some of the general eligibility requirements of the Ph.D in Physics course required by many popular institutes.

• A Master’s degree such as M.Sc in Physics from a reputed university is required.
• It is necessary to have a master's degree with a minimum of 50 per cent, the aggregate percentage can vary depending on the institute but it remains almost the same for every institute.
• Some institutes may conduct their own aptitude tests, personal interview or group discussion as per the admission process of the institute.

Admission requirements for a Ph.D. programme in Physics differ by university. Students are accepted into a range of colleges based on their scores in their entrance exam and Master’s Degree. Many colleges primarily accept students who have completed research projects and have received letters of recommendation. Mentioned below is the admission process for a Ph.D. Physics course.

• Candidates can apply for PhD Physics admission directly at the higher education institution by carefully filling out the application form and submitting the relevant documentation.
• Students can also apply by visiting the college's website, completing the online PhD Physics degree form, and emailing the required documents along with the course fees.

Many colleges offer admission to the Ph.D Physics based on entrance examinations, the most popular entrance exam is UGC NET. Some colleges may conduct their admission tests, such as aptitude tests, personal interviews or group discussions. Mentioned below is the top entrance exam for Ph.D Physics accepted by many institutes in India.

UGC NET : UGC-NET is a national-level entrance examination conducted by National Testing Agency (NTA) two times in a year. The score of the exam is accepted by many colleges for their Ph.D. programmes in different specialisations. Mentioned below are the important pointers regarding the UGC-NET exam.

• UGC NET Admit Card
• UGC NET Syllabus
• UGC NET Exam Pattern
• UGC NET Result
• UGC NET Cutoff
• UGC NET Preparation Tips
• UGC NET Eligibility
• UGC NET Application

The cut-off for a PhD in Physics is a set of criteria used to assess an applicant's merit or entrance exam result. Those who score below the cut-off, rank, or grades are admitted to the college to their desired course. The Ph.D in Physics cutoff for each college is determined by the number of applications and the difficulty of the entrance exam.

To comprehend and improve their academic experience, candidates must have various skills to be able to fully benefit from the course and make a successful career in the field of Physics. Candidates require a combination of soft and hard skills in the field of Physics. Mentioned below are the skills required in the field of Ph.D in Physics.

• Observational Skills
• Analytical Skills
• Experiential Learning
• Problem-Solving Skills
• Technical Skills

Depending on the college, the curriculum of PhD Physics differs and is a branch of science that studies the physical structure of matter, both living and nonliving, and how different substances interact with one another. Mentioned in the table below is the course syllabus of the Ph.D Physics degree programme.

The fees of a Ph.D Physics course depends on the institute but, students wishing to apply to the Ph.D Physics course must check the fee details of the course, the admission to these institutes is based either on the entrance examination or direct admission. The fee of a Ph.D Physics course generally ranges from Rs. 3,310 to Rs. 8.41 Lakhs.

Graduates with a Ph.D. in Physics have the degree, skills, and hands-on training necessary to pursue a variety of employment in the physics field. Teaching at a university level and performing research in the corporate or educational sectors are two alternatives. Several physics graduates go on to engage in research jobs in a variety of industries.

Several Indian companies recruit PhD physics students. The educational achievements and skills of Ph.D. Physics graduates determine their career and employment opportunities based on their grades. Some of the work prospects of PhD Physics graduates are mentioned below.

Physicist : Physicists are well-educated professionals who are involved in the study and application of power, motion, and energy. Doctorate degrees in astrophysics or physics-related subjects are required for the majority of physicist professions, and some positions may also require postdoctoral expertise. Physicists work in technology development in government agencies, academic institutions, and laboratories.

Teacher : A Teacher is a qualified professional who uses academic study to impart knowledge to students. Students learn through a planned curriculum that incorporates a variety of subjects and activities with the assistance of teachers. By providing adequate education and ethical principles during the early stages of learning and development, a teacher can play a crucial influence in moulding a nation's destiny.

Professor: A professor is someone who teaches students at a university or college level in a certain field of study. A professor, in most situations, is an expert in a field that he teaches at the university level. Professors with experience and knowledge in their fields are qualified to conduct studies and produce research papers in their fields.

Quality Controller : A quality controller is somebody who works in software development, and manufacturing. A quality controller in a software development country is in charge of performing tests, creating bug reports, testing the widget, and returning the code to the development team to solve the issues. A quality controller records their results by writing a report.

Top Recruiters:

• Reliance Industries Limited
• HCL Technologies

There are various benefits of pursuing a Ph.D Physics course, candidates after completing this course can work as a Professor, Researcher, or a Physicist. The applicants learn various soft and hard skills such as Analytical Skills, Observation skills, Research skills, and Good communication skills that are very important for their future careers in the wide field of Physics.

The salary after completing a Ph.D Physics course depends on the company, its location, the skills and experiences of the person, and the job profile applied by the candidate. There are many career options available after the Ph.D Physics course, mentioned below are the average salaries of some of the top career options.

Source : AmbitionBox

Many colleges in India offer Ph.D in Physics degree programmes, the admission to these institutes is based either on the entrance exam or merit score based on their recent qualifying exam. Mentioned below are the top private and government Ph.D Physics colleges in India along with their respective fees.

Several private academic institutions across the country offer Ph.D. Physics programmes. Admission is based on prior academic achievements as well as the results of the admission examinations. Some of India's best private PhD Physics schools are listed in the table below.

Several government institutes offer Ph.D Physics courses in India, government institutes are known to provide quality education while charging affordable fees. There are many government institutes in India offering PhD Physics courses, mentioned below are the top government colleges offering PhD Physics colleges in India along with their respective fees.

Ph.D Physics is a doctoral level degree programme of a maximum of six years, candidates interested in pursuing the Ph.D Physics programme must meet the eligibility requirements of the course and follow the admission process carefully. After completing the course, students can opt for various career options such as Physicist, Physics Teacher, Professor or a Lecturer, and Quality Controller.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

PhD in Physics is a three to a five-year-long full-time research programme that teaches or expands on research skills and knowledge.

Several physics graduates go on to engage in research jobs in a variety of industries, like education, the aerospace and automobile sectors, security, the government sector, healthcare, energy, materials, technologies, computation, and information technology.

The average cost of a PhD Physics programme is between Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 4,00,000, based on the type of institution.

Students must pursue a masters degree in physics from a recognised university is required for a PhD Physics. 

For PhD Physics, students must complete a 10+2 exam from a recognised board.

The PhD Physics is a three to five-year-long programme.

To gain knowledge and improve their learning experience, students need a wide range of abilities. Observational skills, experimental skills, ad hoc learning, problem-solving skills, analytical skills, and technical skills are only a few examples.

Some of the top colleges which offer PhD Physics degrees are JMI New Delhi - Jamia Millia Islamia, IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology, LPU Jalandhar - Lovely Professional University, Christ University, Bangalore, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IIST Thiruvananthapuram - Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, IIT Madras - Indian Institute of Technology, ICT Mumbai - Institute of Chemical Technology, NIT Trichy - National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, IIT Delhi - Indian Institute of Technology.

There are various career options after a PhD Physics degree. Some of the careers are Teacher, Professor, Quality Controller, Data Analyst.

Some of the top organisations that hire PhD Physics graduates include Reliance Industries Limited, HCL Technologies, Accenture, IBM, Infosys, Verizon, Amazon, Capgemini, TCS, L&T, InfoTech, Delhi University, Jamia Millia Islamia University, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Jawaharlal Nehru University.

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Ph.D Physics Jobs, Scope, Salary in India

Physics PhD jobs are available for graduates in both the public and private sectors. There is a lot of PhD in Physics. Some of the jobs for Phd in Physics graduates are Lab Supervisor, Subject Matter Expert, Researcher & Technician, Teacher & Lecturer, Scientist, Consulting Physicist, Senior Physicist, Technical Writer, Scientific Officer cum Tutor.

Career Prospects and Job Scope for PhD Physics

There are many jobs after PhD in Physics that the students can pursue. The education that the graduates get during their education helps them get the best career options and PhD in Physics jobs. PhD Physics course helps students learn about topics in great detail. Some of the popular PhD Physics jobs in India are listed below:

• Lab Supervisor
• Subject Matter Expert
• Researcher & Technician
• Teacher & Lecturer
• Consulting Physicist
• Senior Physicist
• Technical Writer
• Scientific Officer cum Tutor

Areas of Recruitment for PhD Physics

Jobs after PhD in Physics are available for the graduates in a diverse range of areas of recruitment. The jobs for the graduates are available in both the public and private sectors. PhD in Physics scope and salary is competitive owing to the education and relevancy of the course. Listed below are some of the popular job opportunities for graduates available:

• Research Centers
• Universities

Salary Packages for PhD Physics Graduates

The PhD in Physics salary in India is not fixed and can vary due to many factors. The factors which can affect the scope after Physics PhD salary include designation, education, and location. The average Physics PhD jobs salary is around INR 3 - 5 LPA [Source: PayScale]. Listed below are some of the popular PhD Physics course scope and their salary:

Source: Glassdoor

Government Jobs for PhD Physics Graduates

There are plenty of govt jobs for PhD in Physics graduates available. The PhD Physics government jobs give students a rewarding salary and job satisfaction. The average salary for a graduate according to PayScale is around INR 3.5 LPA.  Listed below are the jobs for PhD Physics graduates along with their average salaries: 

Private Jobs for PhD Physics Graduates

PhD Physics has a job scope in the private sector as well. The salary after PhD Physics in India in the private sector is around INR 3.5 - 5 LPA [Source: Glassdoor]. Listed below are the PhD Physics jobs salary in India along with their job roles.

Job Opportunities Abroad for PhD Physics Graduates

Job opportunities for PhD in Physics graduates are available in India as well as abroad. The jobs for PhD in Physics freshers can be increased if the students gain higher education or by doing certificate courses.

Top Companies

Check the list below for the top organizations that hire PhD Physics graduates:

• Lockheed Martin
• Ford Motor Company

Best Countries

Below are the list of top countries offering job opportunities to PhD Physics graduates:

• New Zealand
• United States

Various Career Designations Abroad for PhD Physics Graduates

There are many interesting job profiles that attract PhD Physics graduates to work abroad:

Famous Physicist

There are many famous physicists and scientists around the world, who have pursued research and created a big impact in the field of science and physics. They have used their knowledge to bring a positive change in the field. Some of the famous hoteliers around the world are listed below:

• Albert Einstein
• Stephen Hawking
• Richard Feynman
• Isaac Newton
• Satyendra Nath Bose

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• Programs & Courses

PhD Program

A PhD degree in Physics is awarded in recognition of significant and novel research contributions, extending the boundaries of our knowledge of the physical universe. Selected applicants are admitted to the PhD program of the UW Department of Physics, not to a specific research group, and are encouraged to explore research opportunities throughout the Department.

Degree Requirements

Typical timeline, advising and mentoring, satisfactory progress, financial support, more information.

Applicants to the doctoral program are expected to have a strong undergraduate preparation in physics, including courses in electromagnetism, classical and quantum mechanics, statistical physics, optics, and mathematical methods of physics. Further study in condensed matter, atomic, and particle and nuclear physics is desirable. Limited deficiencies in core areas may be permissible, but may delay degree completion by as much as a year and are are expected to remedied during the first year of graduate study.

The Graduate Admissions Committee reviews all submitted applications and takes a holistic approach considering all aspects presented in the application materials. Application materials include:

• Resume or curriculum vitae, describing your current position or activities, educational and professional experience, and any honors awarded, special skills, publications or research presentations.
• Statement of purpose, one page describing your academic purpose and goals.
• Personal history statement (optional, two pages max), describing how your personal experiences and background (including family, cultural, or economic aspects) have influenced your intellectual development and interests.
• Three letters of recommendation: submit email addresses for your recommenders at least one month ahead of deadline to allow them sufficient time to respond.
• Transcripts (unofficial), from all prior relevant undergraduate and graduate institutions attended. Admitted applicants must provide official transcripts.
• English language proficiency is required for graduate study at the University of Washington. Applicants whose native language is not English must demonstrate English proficiency. The various options are specified at: https://grad.uw.edu/policies/3-2-graduate-school-english-language-proficiency-requirements/ Official test scores must be sent by ETS directly to the University of Washington (institution code 4854) and be received within two years of the test date.

For additional information see the UW Graduate School Home Page , Understanding the Application Process , and Memo 15 regarding teaching assistant eligibility for non-native English speakers.

The GRE Subject Test in Physics (P-GRE) is optional in our admissions process, and typically plays a relatively minor role.  Our admissions system is holistic, as we use all available information to evaluate each application. If you have taken the P-GRE and feel that providing your score will help address specific gaps or otherwise materially strengthen your application, you are welcome to submit your scores. We emphasize that every application will be given full consideration, regardless of whether or not scores are submitted.

Applications are accepted annually for autumn quarter admissions (only), and must be submitted online. Admission deadline: DECEMBER 15, 2024.

Department standards

Course requirements.

Students must plan a program of study in consultation with their faculty advisor (either first year advisor or later research advisor). To establish adequate breadth and depth of knowledge in the field, PhD students are required to pass a set of core courses, take appropriate advanced courses and special topics offerings related to their research area, attend relevant research seminars as well as the weekly department colloquium, and take at least two additional courses in Physics outside their area of speciality. Seeking broad knowledge in areas of physics outside your own research area is encouraged.

The required core courses are:

In addition, all students holding a teaching assistantship (TA) must complete Phys 501 / 502 / 503 , Tutorials in Teaching Physics.

Regularly offered courses which may, depending on research area and with the approval of the graduate program coordinator, be used to satisfy breadth requirements, include:

• Phys 506 Numerical Methods
• Phys 555 Cosmology & Particle Astrophysics
• Phys 507 Group Theory
• Phys 557 High Energy Physics
• Phys 511 Topics in Contemporary Physics
• Phys 560 Nuclear Theory
• Phys 520 Quantum Information
• Phys 564 General Relativity
• Phys 550 Atomic Physics
• Phys 567 Condensed Matter Physics
• Phys 554 Nuclear Astrophysics
• Phys 570 Quantum Field Theory

Graduate exams

Master's Review:   In addition to passing all core courses, adequate mastery of core material must be demonstrated by passing the Master's Review. This is composed of four Master's Review Exams (MREs) which serve as the final exams in Phys 524 (SM), Phys 514 (EM), Phys 518 (QM), and Phys 505 (CM). The standard for passing each MRE is demonstrated understanding and ability to solve multi-step problems; this judgment is independent of the overall course grade. Acceptable performance on each MRE is expected, but substantial engagement in research allows modestly sub-par performance on one exam to be waived. Students who pass the Master's Review are eligible to receive a Master's degree, provided the Graduate School course credit and grade point average requirements have also been satisfied.

General Exam:   Adequate mastery of material in one's area of research, together with demonstrated progress in research and a viable plan to complete a PhD dissertation, is assessed in the General Exam. This is taken after completing all course requirements, passing the Master's Review, and becoming well established in research. The General Exam consists of an oral presentation followed by an in-depth question period with one's dissertation committee.

Final Oral Exam:   Adequate completion of a PhD dissertation is assessed in the Final Oral, which is a public exam on one's completed dissertation research. The requirement of surmounting a final public oral exam is an ancient tradition for successful completion of a PhD degree.

Graduate school requirements

Common requirements for all doctoral degrees are given in the Graduate School Degree Requirements and Doctoral Degree Policies and Procedures pages. A summary of the key items, accurate as of late 2020, is as follows:

• A minimum of 90 completed credits, of which at least 60 must be completed at the University of Washington. A Master's degree from the UW or another institution in physics, or approved related field of study, may substitute for 30 credits of enrollment.
• At least 18 credits of UW course work at the 500 level completed prior to the General Examination.
• At least 18 numerically graded UW credits of 500 level courses and approved 400 level courses, completed prior to the General Examination.
• At least 60 credits completed prior to scheduling the General Examination. A Master's degree from the UW or another institution may substitute for 30 of these credits.
• A minimum of 27 dissertation (or Physics 800) credits, spread out over a period of at least three quarters, must be completed. At least one of those three quarters must come after passing the General Exam. Except for summer quarters, students are limited to a maximum of 10 dissertation credits per quarter.
• A minimum cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.00 must be maintained.
• The General Examination must be successfully completed.
• A thesis dissertation approved by the reading committee and submitted and accepted by the Graduate School.
• The Final Examination must be successfully completed. At least four members of the supervisory committee, including chair and graduate school representative, must be present.
• Registration as a full- or part-time graduate student at the University must be maintained, specifically including the quarter in which the examinations are completed and the quarter in which the degree is conferred. (Part-time means registered for at least 2 credits, but less than 10.)
• All work for the doctoral degree must be completed within ten years. This includes any time spend on leave, as well as time devoted to a Master's degree from the UW or elsewhere (if used to substitute for credits of enrollment).
• Pass the required core courses: Phys 513 , 517 , 524 & 528 autumn quarter, Phys 514 , 518 & 525 winter quarter, and Phys 515 , 519 & 505 spring quarter. When deemed appropriate, with approval of their faculty advisor and graduate program coordinator, students may elect to defer Phys 525 , 515 and/or 519 to the second year in order to take more credits of Phys 600 .
• Sign up for and complete one credit of Phys 600 with a faculty member of choice during winter and spring quarters.
• Pass the Master's Review by the end of spring quarter or, after demonstrating substantial research engagement, by the end of the summer.
• Work to identify one's research area and faculty research advisor. This begins with learning about diverse research areas in Phys 528 in the autumn, followed by Phys 600 independent study with selected faculty members during winter, spring, and summer.
• Pass the Master's Review (if not already done) by taking any deferred core courses or retaking MREs as needed. The Master's Review must be passed before the start of the third year.
• Settle in and become fully established with one's research group and advisor, possibly after doing independent study with multiple faculty members. Switching research areas during the first two years is not uncommon.
• Complete all required courses. Take breadth courses and more advanced graduate courses appropriate for one's area of research.
• Perform research.
• Establish a Supervisory Committee within one year after finding a compatible research advisor who agrees to supervise your dissertation work.
• Take breadth and special topics courses as appropriate.
• Take your General Exam in the third or fourth year of your graduate studies.
• Register for Phys 800 (Doctoral Thesis Research) instead of Phys 600 in the quarters during and after your general exam.
• Take special topics courses as appropriate.
• Perform research. When completion of a substantial body of research is is sight, and with concurrence of your faculty advisor, start writing a thesis dissertation.
• Establish a dissertation reading committee well in advance of scheduling the Final Examination.
• Schedule your Final Examination and submit your PhD dissertation draft to your reading committee at least several weeks before your Final Exam.
• Take your Final Oral Examination.
• After passing your Final Exam, submit your PhD dissertation, as approved by your reading committee, to the Graduate School, normally before the end of the same quarter.

This typical timeline for competing the PhD applies to students entering the program with a solid undergraduate preparation, as described above under Admissions. Variant scenarios are possible with approval of the Graduate Program coordinator. Two such scenarios are the following:

• Students entering with insufficient undergraduate preparation often require more time. It is important to identify this early, and not feel that this reflects on innate abilities or future success. Discussion with one's faculty advisor, during orientation or shortly thereafter, may lead to deferring one or more of the first year required courses and corresponding Master's Review Exams. It can also involve taking selected 300 or 400 level undergraduate physics courses before taking the first year graduate level courses. This must be approved by the Graduate Program coordinator, but should not delay efforts to find a suitable research advisor. The final Master's Review decision still takes place no later than the start of the 3rd year and research engagement is an important component in this decision.
• Entering PhD students with advanced standing, for example with a prior Master's degree in Physics or transferring from another institution after completing one or more years in a Physics PhD program, may often graduate after 3 or 4 years in our program. After discussion with your faculty advisor and with approval of the Graduate Program coordinator, selected required classes may be waived (but typically not the corresponding Master's Review Exams), and credit from other institutions transferred.
• Each entering PhD student is assigned a first year faculty advisor, with whom they meet regularly to discuss course selection, general progress, and advice on research opportunities. The role of a student's primary faculty advisor switches to their research advisor after they become well established in research. Once their doctoral supervisory committee is formed, the entire committee, including a designated faculty mentor (other than the research advisor) is available to provide advice and mentoring.
• The department also has a peer mentoring program, in which first-year students are paired with more senior students who have volunteered as mentors. Peer mentors maintain contact with their first-year mentees throughout the year and aim to ease the transition to graduate study by sharing their experiences and providing support and advice. Quarterly "teas" are held to which all peer mentors and mentees are invited.
• While academic advising is primarily concerned with activities and requirements necessary to make progress toward a degree, mentoring focuses on the human relationships, commitments, and resources that can help a student find success and fulfillment in academic and professional pursuits. While research advisors play an essential role in graduate study, the department considers it inportant for every student to also have available additional individuals who take on an explicit mentoring role.
• Students are expected to meet regularly, at a minimum quarterly, with their faculty advisors (either first year advisor or research advisor).
• Starting in the winter of their first year, students are expected to be enrolled in Phys 600 .
• Every spring all students, together with their advisors, are required to complete an annual activities report.
• The doctoral supervisory committee needs to be established at least by the end of the fourth year.
• The General Exam is expected to take place during the third or fourth year.
• Students and their advisors are expected to aim for not more than 6 years between entry into the Physics PhD program and completion of the PhD. In recent years the median time is close to 6 years.

Absence of satisfactory progress can lead to a hierarchy of actions, as detailed in the Graduate School Memo 16: Academic Performance and Progress , and may jeopardize funding as a teaching assistant.

The Department aims to provide financial support for all full-time PhD students making satisfactory progress, and has been successful in doing so for many years. Most students are supported via a mix teaching assistantships (TAs) and research assistantships (RAs), although there are also various scholarships, fellowships, and awards that provide financial support. Teaching and research assistanships provide a stipend, a tuition waiver, and health insurance benefits. TAs are employed by the University to assist faculty in their teaching activities. Students from non-English-speaking countries must pass English proficiency requirements . RAs are employed by the Department to assist faculty with specified research projects, and are funded through research grants held by faculty members.

Most first-year students are provided full TA support during their first academic year as part of their admission offer. Support beyond the second year is typically in the form of an RA or a TA/RA combination. It is the responsibility of the student to find a research advisor and secure RA support. Students accepting TA or RA positions are required to register as full-time graduate students (a minimum of 10 credits during the academic year, and 2 credits in summer quarter) and devote 20 hours per week to their assistantship duties. Both TAs and RAs are classified as Academic Student Employees (ASE) . These positions are governed by a contract between the UW and the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW), and its Local Union 4121 (UAW).

Physics PhD students are paid at the "Assistant" level (Teaching Assistant or Research Assistant) upon entry to the program. Students receive a promotion to "Associate I" (Predoctoral Teaching Associate I or Predoctoral Research Associate I) after passing the Master's Review, and a further promotion to "Associate II" (Predoctoral Teaching Associate II or Predoctoral Research Associate II) after passing their General Examination. (Summer quarter courses, and summer quarter TA employment, runs one month shorter than during the academic year. To compendate, summer quarter TA salaries are increased proportionately.)

• UW Physics Department fact sheet .
• MyPhys , UW Physics Department intranet with policies and information for enrolled students.
• UW Graduate School information for students and postdocs.
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• Science Articles

How to Pursue Research (Ph.D) in Physics

Updated On: August 18, 2022 07:53 am IST

Interested in a research career in Physics? Get the details of the best institutes, exams and admission process with steps to pursue PhD in Physics.

How to Become A Researcher in Physics

Entrance examinations for research in physics, list of institutes offering phd in physics, research career in physics.

A career in research is considered as a lucrative career. The study of physics is versatile, vast, and very interesting and deals with a wide range of topics from the quantum phenomenon to massive black holes. Research in Physics opens up various job opportunities for those who are passionate about the subject. There are plenty of Physics colleges in India that offer research facilities in the Physics domain.

In order to pursue a career in research in Physics, you need to have PCM (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) after passing 10th. If the student gets a good score in Physics, along with the other subjects, he/she can take up BSc in Physics or B.Tech in any specialization. After that, the student can opt for MSc after completing his/her bachelors and then prepare for entrance examinations to get into Ph.D Studies. Given below are the detailed steps regarding how to become a Physics researcher.

Pursuing BSc in Physics or B.Tech/B.E. After 12th

Admission into BSc Physics in some of the top public universities of India like the University of Calcutta , University of Delhi , University of Mumbai is on the basis of the performance in class 12th in combination subjects including Physics. However, some public universities such as Jadavpur University , University of Hyderabad , Jamia Millia Islamia require entrance tests. Similarly, some of the top private universities in India follow merit-based admissions and some offer admission as per the university-level entrance test.

To pursue B.Tech or B.E. in engineering studies after 12th, you will have to appear for JEE Mains which is the biggest examination for admission in engineering courses in India. The students can also attempt state-specific entrance tests such as MHCET , KCET , WBJEE , OJEE etc for admissions to the engineering colleges situated in the state. While BSc Physics is a 3-year-long course, the B.Tech and B.E. courses take 4 years to be completed.

Pursuing MSc in Physics Course after passing Bachelors in BSc or B.Tech/B.E

Graduates of both BSc Physics and B.Tech/B.E. can pursue MSc in Physics in the top universities of India. Mostly all the MSc Physics admissions in India are done on the basis of institute level entrance tests for masters courses. If the candidate is looking for MSc admissions in IITs and NITs , then they need to appear for IIT JAM or GATE . For other universities, the university level entrance tests are only prescribed. Some private institutes in India also take admissions on the basis of the merit of the student in BSc and B.Tech. Some of the top universities to pursue MSc course are Banaras Hindu University , University of Hyderabad, Pune University, Osmania University, Jadavpur University, University of Delhi, Anna University, University of Calcutta, Gauhati University etc. For pursuing MSc in IIT, IISc, IISER, the students have to appear for the IIT JAM examination .

A candidate can pursue any of the following courses for their MSc in Physics :

Pursuing Ph.D (Research) after MSc in Physics

Students need to crack UGCNET , the state-level teacher eligibility test or the University Level admission test to pursue Ph.D in Physics.

If the student is appearing for the University Eligibility Test, he/she will have to shortlist a university he/she wants admission in. Then he will have to prepare for the university exam by following the previous year’s question papers. If the student is appearing for the national or state level eligibility test, the student has the option to decide his/her university later after passing the examination. The candidates who have passed a central or state level examination are exempted from the university examination. After clearing the admission tests, the candidates need to choose a mentor in the university under which he/she will conduct their research studies.

For Physics research aspirants, UGC CSIR National Eligibility Test or NET is a must. The exam is conducted by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research once every year for screening candidates who have unique research aptitude. After the exam, two cutoffs are released. The first cutoff is released for the Junior Research Fellow (JRF) and the other one proves eligibility for becoming an Associate Professor of Physics. The students shall get a fellowship when they join PhD Research in Physics.

A valid score in JEST examination is also accepted by a lot of institutes however for PhD admissions, still, a scrutiny round in the form of interviews is conducted before granting admissions in the specific institute.

A candidate can also join PhD without a fellowship. For such a case, there is no need for appearing in the national level entrance test. They will have to qualify for the institute-level entrance test to join PhD.

Also Read: UGC NET 2022 Important Topic for Paper 1

Most of the Universities in India offer Bachelors, Masters and Ph.D level courses but there are some top-level research institutes that only offer research-based PhD studies. The list of the institutes are as follows:

• Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Beluwakhan, Uttarakhand
• Bose Institute or Basu Vigyan Mandir, Kolkata
• Harish Rai Chandra Institute (HRCI), Prayagraj/Allahabad
• Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai

Also Read: CSIR UGC NET December 2022 Details here with Application, Exam Date, Syllabus, Answer Key, Admit Card

After pursuing research in Physics, you can get appointed as a professor or also land up with some lucrative research offers abroad for a bright future.

After pursuing a research degree, the candidates can find jobs in numerous fields of Physics like educational institutions, labs, medical fields etc. As the employment rate in Physics is quite good, one can be assured of getting a good job after doing PhD in Physics. The research level candidates are sought after by employers and they offer handsome salaries to them.

Apart from that, after getting PhD or doctorate degree in Physics, one can explore further research options. The candidates who pursue Postdoctoral studies in Physics are highly desirable in the academic field. It leads them to the career of an academic scientist. A good opportunity for them is to take part in world-class research projects which in return take their career to a new height.

The question may come to your mind why study a post-doctorate degree?  The answer lies in the fact that with this degree you can get a great chance of joining to big science projects which may bring immense reputation to you. Besides, during a postdoctoral programme, a researcher goes deeper into the topic he/she researched while pursuing PhD in Physics.

Postdoc researchers take their knowledge beyond boundaries to comprehend the physical world. To pursue the degree, one should have a PhD in Physics. Sometimes, relevant work experience is needed depending on the postdoctoral positions a candidate applies for.

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Career in Doctoral Studies

It’s a common myth that phd is a training based study module to become a university professor. yes, it is true to an extent but the scope of phd goes beyond academia..

PhD – It’s more than a Degree

Simply feeling proud of the “Dr.” rubber stamp on your degree would not get you a job. It’s good that that you are a PhD graduate, however, it is more than a degree, where training and knowledge based research activities are more important. PhD is all about engaging in in-depth research along-with thorough understanding of research issues and the ability to solve key problems with exceptional analytical and observational skills. A PhD graduate must learn to work for long hours, analyze & solve complex problems and handle every situation with calmness. These traits are not only required to become an academic but also required in other areas of work such as Research, Finance and Public Service.

How the trend of PhD has changed over the years?

The advent of Start-ups has changed the entire PhD ecosystem. If you back in time, the scope of PhD was limited to academia. However, today, the amalgamation of academia and start-ups has left many options for PhD graduates to explore. As start-ups have become a storehouse of innovation and improvisation, PhD graduates are willing to join a thriving and new organization where they use their knowledge-based skills to design new products through their exceptional research and developmental capabilities. Now-a-days, PhD graduates are looking forward to work in start-up environment, gain experience and then join academia where they can use their skills and expertise in a productive way.

The future of PhD Graduates in Academia

Academia has become the first choice of PhD Graduates due to the freedom in working and lucrative salary packages. In most of the cases, jobs in academics also include other perks like free accommodation. Also, there is a chance for PhD graduates to work in other countries. In all, the most thing that organizations look for while hiring PhD candidates is superior analytical skills and the ability to solve complex problems at one go.

Key factors to track your potential after doing PhD

Once you have completed your PhD, it’s time to track your potential and apply to jobs based on your exact skills and expertise. Though it’s not a difficult task to analyze your skills at PhD level, however, the following parameters will help you to understand and realize where your true potential lies:

This list will give you a fair idea about your potential, and this will help you to figure out your skills and expertise at various levels of work. In this way, you will also be able to describe and present your qualities and skills in-front of a recruiter.

Meanwhile, you should refrain from drafting a lengthy resume even if you are a PhD graduate who has lots of things to say. Generally, employers tend to ignore reading such long resumes, which may put your efforts in vain. You should also consider the following things before your first job:

• Be practical about your job prospects and set your ambitions in way that is achievable
• Keep in mind that you and your colleague (with low qualifications than you) will be treated equally in organizations
• Know the keywords and buzz words of the sector you want to go into.
• Update yourself with the key market trends that are relevant and are in buzz
• You might get paid less than you expected after doing PhD. In that case, accept the fact and move on
• If you are making a transition from academia to start-ups or industrial R&D firms, be ready to adapt to the changes in terms of freedom and salary components

Career after PhD

It’s a common myth that PhD is a training based study module to become a university professor. Yes, it is true to an extent but the scope of PhD goes beyond academia. The proportion of PhDs joining academia is not very large as compared to the number of candidates having PhD degrees. The employment landscape in India and other international countries is changing drastically, and this has left PhD students to reshuffle their objective in joining academia. Now-a-days, PhD graduates are eyeing for alternative options in the field of writing, research, investment banking, law and many more.

Career Choices after PhD

From financial sector to public sector, PhDs are now found everywhere as they are not limited to work in the zone of academia. Now-a-days, professionals are willing to make a transition from academic research after completing their PhDs to work in corporate environment and use their skills productively. It’s important to note that to work in banking sector you need to have a PhD in finance. This is because the shift from academic research can go beyond your area of study.

Some of the popular PhD specialization along-with the job sectors is listed below:

You must remember to experiment, learn and innovative to excel in your career after doing PhD. And, if you are planning to make a transition from academia, be ready to adjust yourself in terms of stiff market challenges and freedom.

Job Prospects after doing PhD

At first, you need to understand that the value of a PhD degree is measured in terms of knowledge and skills. You need to have both these traits to excel in the career of your choice. Let’s take a look at some of the career options after doing PhD:

In general, the most sought after jobs after PhD are University professor, Industrial R&D Lab professionals and Start-ups mentors. Industrial Research and Development organizations have dedicated PhD groups who are involved in research activities, designing new products and taking part in crucial strategic meetings. As compared to development centres, the average salaries in industrial R&D labs are much higher. This clearly suggests that an engineering graduate with 5 years of experience would be earning less than a fresh PhD Graduate who has recently joined a industrial R&D lab.

In some cases, development centres hire PhD graduates for multiple roles with salaries almost same or even more as compared to exclusive R&D labs. The salary structure and designation of PhD graduate joining a Research lab or development centre is always higher than that of any other graduates with rich experience.

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Doctor of Philosophy in Atmospheric Science (PhD)

Canadian immigration updates.

Applicants to master’s and doctoral degrees are not affected by the recently announced cap on study permits. Review more details

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Atmospheric scientists use principles of classical physics to study, explain, and predict atmospheric behavior on scales ranging from turbulent eddies through storm clouds to earth’s global circulation. We are motivated by weather-related big societal issues including climate change, air quality, and renewable energy. Important tools include big data (statistics, machine learning, scientific programming), geographic information systems and remote sensing. Our methods include lab experiments, field experiments, numerical weather prediction, and climate simulation. We support our grad students with government grants for pure research, with industry contracts for tailored meteorological applications, and with teaching assistantships. The UBC atmospheric science (ATSC) program is interdisciplinary, with professors in the departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science; Geography; Chemistry; Mathematics; Soil Science; and Mechanical Engineering. Internationally recognized textbooks written by ATSC professors over the past four decades’ span topics from the atmospheric boundary layer and urban climates to practical meteorology.

For specific program requirements, please refer to the departmental program website

What makes the program unique?

The Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences at UBC, one of the largest geoscience groups in Canada is composed of over 40 full-time faculty, a staff complement of 30, a total of 40 research associates and postdoctoral fellows.

We engage in fundamental research in atmospheric science, both independently and in co-operation with federal and provincial laboratories and other research groups around the world. The emphasis of the research is on studies of processes and developing physical understanding of the atmosphere. The research commonly involves field or laboratory measurement and observation; data analysis and interpretation; and numerical model construction, modification and validation.

The group is well equipped for research on most characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. In addition to conventional meteorological instruments, there are systems for sensing all component fluxes of the radiation and energy budgets, eddy correlation systems for turbulent heat fluxes; two 30 m towers, one fixed and one mobile; mini-sonde, two tethersondes and ozone sondes, and acoustic radar for probing boundary layer structure; and a portable network of ten independently logged anemometers and thermometers. The group is well supplied with analogue and digital data logging systems, micro-computers and facilities for digital image analysis. It also operates its own vehicles.

For computer modelling, there is a "Monster" IBM Linux cluster with 264 processors + 8 itanium processors. There are also two smaller Beowulf clusters, and numerous workstations.

The Ph.D. in Atmospheric Sciences program is often ranked first place in Canada for research funding and productivity. I knew that I would be constantly surrounded by a thriving environment, either in the research lab or in classrooms.

Davi de Ferreyro Monticelli

Quick Facts

Program enquiries, admission information & requirements, 1) check eligibility, minimum academic requirements.

The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies establishes the minimum admission requirements common to all applicants, usually a minimum overall average in the B+ range (76% at UBC). The graduate program that you are applying to may have additional requirements. Please review the specific requirements for applicants with credentials from institutions in:

• Canada or the United States
• International countries other than the United States

Each program may set higher academic minimum requirements. Please review the program website carefully to understand the program requirements. Meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission as it is a competitive process.

English Language Test

Applicants from a university outside Canada in which English is not the primary language of instruction must provide results of an English language proficiency examination as part of their application. Tests must have been taken within the last 24 months at the time of submission of your application.

Minimum requirements for the two most common English language proficiency tests to apply to this program are listed below:

TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language - internet-based

Overall score requirement : 100

IELTS: International English Language Testing System

Overall score requirement : 7.0

Other Test Scores

Some programs require additional test scores such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Graduate Management Test (GMAT). The requirements for this program are:

The GRE is optional.

Prior degree, course and other requirements

Prior degree requirements.

Qualified students with Masters degrees in any STEM field are encouraged to apply for the ATSC PhD program. Some Bachelor’s students in any STEM field choose to come to UBC to first work on an ATSC Masters degree — completing it before moving into the PhD program. However, for qualified STEM Bachelors students who know they want to enter the PhD program, the normal method is to enter the Masters program first, and after the first year of mostly course work with high grades and recommendation from their supervisory committee, they transfer into the PhD program without finishing a Masters degree. We encourage grad applicants from a wide variety of scientific, math, statistics, and engineering backgrounds. Applicants to not need a Bachelors or Masters degree in meteorology or atmospheric science. For example, current grad students have university degrees in physics, mathematics, physical geography, engineering, chemistry, computer science, and many other fields.

Course Requirements

Strong physics, math, and computational background is desired.

2) Meet Deadlines

September 2025 intake, application open date, canadian applicants, international applicants, january 2026 intake, deadline explanations.

Deadline to submit online application. No changes can be made to the application after submission.

Deadline to upload scans of official transcripts through the applicant portal in support of a submitted application. Information for accessing the applicant portal will be provided after submitting an online application for admission.

Deadline for the referees identified in the application for admission to submit references. See Letters of Reference for more information.

3) Prepare Application

Transcripts.

All applicants have to submit transcripts from all past post-secondary study. Document submission requirements depend on whether your institution of study is within Canada or outside of Canada.

Letters of Reference

A minimum of three references are required for application to graduate programs at UBC. References should be requested from individuals who are prepared to provide a report on your academic ability and qualifications.

Statement of Interest

Many programs require a statement of interest , sometimes called a "statement of intent", "description of research interests" or something similar.

Supervision

Students in research-based programs usually require a faculty member to function as their thesis supervisor. Please follow the instructions provided by each program whether applicants should contact faculty members.

Instructions regarding thesis supervisor contact for Doctor of Philosophy in Atmospheric Science (PhD)

Citizenship verification.

Permanent Residents of Canada must provide a clear photocopy of both sides of the Permanent Resident card.

4) Apply Online

All applicants must complete an online application form and pay the application fee to be considered for admission to UBC.

Research Information

Research focus.

Research areas include weather-related natural disasters (forest fires and smoke, avalanches, floods), air pollution and atmospheric chemistry, micrometeorology (turbulent transport of heat, moisture, momentum and how they relate to forests and crops), cloud and aerosol physics, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, fluid dynamics, climate dynamics and climate change, glaciology, atmosphere-ocean interactions, urban meteorology, transportation meteorology (roads, shipping, railroads), numerical weather prediction, artificial neural networks, big data, and much more.

Research Facilities

In 2012 a new Earth Sciences Building was completed. The $75 million facility was designed to inspire collaboration and creativity across disciplines. We have extensive lab facilities in the Chemistry, Soil Science, and Geography buildings, and have access to wind tunnels in Engineering. We deploy instruments for field work in forests, cropland, cities, glaciers, and oceans around the world. We have extensive cluster-computing facilities in our own departments, as well as high-performance computing facilities both at UBC and at large computing centers across Canada. We are increasingly using cloud computing for near-infinite processing power and data storage. In addition, software licenses paid by UBC covers powerful desktop data analysis, programming, and visualization apps.

Tuition & Financial Support

Financial Support

Applicants to UBC have access to a variety of funding options, including merit-based (i.e. based on your academic performance) and need-based (i.e. based on your financial situation) opportunities.

Program Funding Packages

PhD students are guaranteed a minimum of salary of CAN$ 25,500.00 (plus tuition) per year for the first four years, which can consist of research assistantships (RAs) to help professors with their grants and contracts, teaching assistantships (TAs) to help teach courses and labs and grade assignments, scholarships and prizes, and combinations of all the above. 

Average Funding

• 6 students received Teaching Assistantships. Average TA funding based on 6 students was $5,797.
• 4 students received Research Assistantships. Average RA funding based on 4 students was $21,207.
• 4 students received Academic Assistantships. Average AA funding based on 4 students was $2,711.
• 7 students received internal awards. Average internal award funding based on 7 students was $11,831.
• 2 students received external awards. Average external award funding based on 2 students was $50,000.

Scholarships & awards (merit-based funding)

All applicants are encouraged to review the awards listing to identify potential opportunities to fund their graduate education. The database lists merit-based scholarships and awards and allows for filtering by various criteria, such as domestic vs. international or degree level.

Graduate Research Assistantships (GRA)

Many professors are able to provide Research Assistantships (GRA) from their research grants to support full-time graduate students studying under their supervision. The duties constitute part of the student's graduate degree requirements. A Graduate Research Assistantship is considered a form of fellowship for a period of graduate study and is therefore not covered by a collective agreement. Stipends vary widely, and are dependent on the field of study and the type of research grant from which the assistantship is being funded.

Graduate Teaching Assistantships (GTA)

Graduate programs may have Teaching Assistantships available for registered full-time graduate students. Full teaching assistantships involve 12 hours work per week in preparation, lecturing, or laboratory instruction although many graduate programs offer partial TA appointments at less than 12 hours per week. Teaching assistantship rates are set by collective bargaining between the University and the Teaching Assistants' Union .

Graduate Academic Assistantships (GAA)

Academic Assistantships are employment opportunities to perform work that is relevant to the university or to an individual faculty member, but not to support the student’s graduate research and thesis. Wages are considered regular earnings and when paid monthly, include vacation pay.

Financial aid (need-based funding)

Canadian and US applicants may qualify for governmental loans to finance their studies. Please review eligibility and types of loans .

All students may be able to access private sector or bank loans.

Foreign government scholarships

Many foreign governments provide support to their citizens in pursuing education abroad. International applicants should check the various governmental resources in their home country, such as the Department of Education, for available scholarships.

Working while studying

The possibility to pursue work to supplement income may depend on the demands the program has on students. It should be carefully weighed if work leads to prolonged program durations or whether work placements can be meaningfully embedded into a program.

International students enrolled as full-time students with a valid study permit can work on campus for unlimited hours and work off-campus for no more than 20 hours a week.

A good starting point to explore student jobs is the UBC Work Learn program or a Co-Op placement .

Tax credits and RRSP withdrawals

Students with taxable income in Canada may be able to claim federal or provincial tax credits.

Canadian residents with RRSP accounts may be able to use the Lifelong Learning Plan (LLP) which allows students to withdraw amounts from their registered retirement savings plan (RRSPs) to finance full-time training or education for themselves or their partner.

Please review Filing taxes in Canada on the student services website for more information.

Cost Estimator

Applicants have access to the cost estimator to develop a financial plan that takes into account various income sources and expenses.

Career Outcomes

12 students graduated between 2005 and 2013: 1 graduate is seeking employment; for 3 we have no data (based on research conducted between Feb-May 2016). For the remaining 8 graduates:

Sample Employers in Higher Education

Sample employers outside higher education, sample job titles outside higher education, phd career outcome survey, career options.

The PhD program in Atmospheric Science prepares students to be researchers, professors, and leaders in aspects of the atmospheric environment.  Many of the current job openings are for research in climate change and their impacts on society.  Future weather-related jobs will likely increase for issues associated with growing world population and the anticipated shortages in clean energy, clean air, fresh water, food, and living space that is safe from natural disasters. 

Enrolment, Duration & Other Stats

These statistics show data for the Doctor of Philosophy in Atmospheric Science (PhD). Data are separated for each degree program combination. You may view data for other degree options in the respective program profile.

ENROLMENT DATA

• Research Supervisors

Advice and insights from UBC Faculty on reaching out to supervisors

These videos contain some general advice from faculty across UBC on finding and reaching out to a supervisor. They are not program specific.

This list shows faculty members with full supervisory privileges who are affiliated with this program. It is not a comprehensive list of all potential supervisors as faculty from other programs or faculty members without full supervisory privileges can request approvals to supervise graduate students in this program.

• Allen, Susan (Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; coastal oceanography; coupled bio-physics and chem-physics and all three models; forecast models; Oceans and Inland Waters; physical oceanography; Prediction and Climatic Modeling)
• Austin, Philip (global climate; climate change; greenhouse effect; global warming; clouds; lightning; storms, Cloud physics, radiative properties of layer clouds, status cirrus formation, global climate, cloug aerosol feedbacks and climate)
• Balmforth, Neil (Fluid mechanics, nonlinear dynamics and applied partial differential equations)
• Bertram, Allan (Atmospheric sciences; Chemical sciences; Atmosphere (Including Chemical Aspects); Physical and analytical chemistry of atmospheric aerosols)
• Black, Thomas Andrew (Biometeorology; Soil physics; Microclimate modification)
• Borduas-Dedekind, Nadine (Chemical sciences; atmospheric chemistry; chemical mechanisms; atmospheric ice nucleation; Biogeochemistry; mass spectrometry; Photochemistry; indoor chemistry; atmospheric aerosols; singlet oxygen)
• Donner, Simon (Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Other media and communication; Climate Science; climate change impacts; Climate policy; Coastal Ecosystems; Marine Environment; Climate modelling and prediction; Science communication; Net-zero emissions; Coral reefs)
• Giang, Amanda (Atmospheric sciences; Mechanical engineering; Natural environment sciences; Atmospheric Pollutants; Chemical Pollutants; Climate Changes and Impacts; Public Policies; Social and Cultural Factors of Environmental Protection)
• Orsi, Anais (Atmospheric measurement techniques; Physics of snow and ice; Cryosphere processes, n.e.c.; Isotope geochemistry; Geochronology; Environmental geochemistry; Quantitative methods for environmental sciences; Earth system sciences; Climate change impacts and adaptation; climate change; Polar climate; Data analysis, inverse modeling; Paleoclimate)
• Pawlowicz, Richard (Oceans and Inland Waters; ocean physics; properties of seawater; geophysical fluid dynamics; Nonlinear waves)
• Radic, Valentina (Atmospheric sciences; Geophysics; Climate Changes and Impacts; Climate Science; Glaciology; Meteorology)
• Stull, Roland (Meteorology and weather; weather; Meteorology; atmospheric science; numerical weather prediction; clean energy meteorology; storms; transportation weather; forest fire weather; weather disasters; atmospheric boundary layers; aviation meteorology)
• Waterman, Stephanie (Atmospheric sciences; Oceanography; Arctic oceanography; geophysical fluid dynamics; Jets, eddies & scale interactions; Ocean dynamics; Oceanic processes; Scale interactions; Southern ocean dynamics; Western boundary current jets)
• White, Rachel (Atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; Climate modelling; Atmospheric dynamics; climate change; Extreme weather events; Climate impacts)
• Zimmerman, Naomi (development and application of real-world-based tools to quickly and quantitatively assess the impact of our policy and technology decisions on air pollution and climate outcomes, and to use the knowledge gained to support better environmental policy planning; air quality)

Doctoral Citations

Sample Thesis Submissions

• Modelling cloud-environment interactions during moist convection : a numerical study of boundary-layer cloud dynamics
• Improving precipitation forecasts over complex terrain using numerical weather prediction and analog ensemble methods

Related Programs

Same specialization.

• Master of Science in Atmospheric Science (MSc)

Same Academic Unit

• Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Engineering (PhD)
• Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Sciences (PhD)
• Doctor of Philosophy in Geophysics (PhD)
• Doctor of Philosophy in Oceanography (PhD)
• Graduate Certificate in Applied Geological Engineering (GCAGE)
• Master of Applied Science in Geological Engineering (MASc)
• Master of Applied Science in Geophysics (MASc)
• Master of Engineering in Geological Engineering (MEng)
• Master of Science in Geological Sciences (MSc)
• Master of Science in Geophysics (MSc)
• Master of Science in Oceanography (MSc)

Further Information

Specialization.

Atmospheric Science at UBC offers these areas of graduate research:

• boundary layers and micrometeorology, including turbulence, urban meteorology, and mountain meteorology
• numerical weather prediction for transportation, weather disasters, and clean energy (hydro, wind, solar)
• air pollution, pollutant transport and dispersion, and atmospheric chemistry
• climate, including climatology, climate variability and prediction, earth system modelling, climate change, glaciers
• satellite remote sensing, cloud microphysics, aerosols
• ocean-atmosphere interactions, ocean dynamics
• biometeorology, including agricultural and forest meteorology, trace gas exchange, carbon cycling, vegetation water use
• geophysical fluid dynamics
• machine-learning tools including artificial neural networks, gene-expression programming

UBC Calendar

Program website, faculty overview, academic unit, program identifier, classification, social media channels, supervisor search.

Departments/Programs may update graduate degree program details through the Faculty & Staff portal. To update contact details for application inquiries, please use this form .

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Careers in Condensed Matter Physics

Before 1978, when the American Physical Society changed the terminology, a career in condensed matter physics meant having a job in solid-state physics. The new field now includes the study of liquids, but not how fluids move and the forces acting on them, which is covered by fluid mechanics. One-third of the physicists in the United States have jobs in condensed-matter physics.

Condensed matter physics jobs include the study of Bose-Einstein condensate, a phenomenon predicted by the famous developers of Bose-Einstein statistics 70 years before physicists with jobs at JILA (a research institute operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado) discovered it. This new state of matter emerged when the temperature of rubidium gas was cooled to 1.7 x 10 -7 K. At this low temperature, the momentum of the atoms became more known and their location less known to the extent of forming a single quantum state.

Many jobs in condensed matter physics involve the study of superconductors, which have zero resistivity and other technologically useful properties. It is a quantum mechanical phenomenon thought until 1986 to occur at temperatures near 0 K, but certain ceramics make the transition at 90 K. Superconductors can produce the stable magnetic fields required by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a multi-billion dollar business. There are condensed matter physics career opportunities in this subfield which is related to magnetic levitation for transportation, digital circuits, power cables, and electronic filters that operate in the frequency range used by broadcast radio, cell phones, and television.

Many jobs in solid-state physics involve research on semiconductors and transistors and require using X-ray crystallography, neutron diffraction, and electron diffraction to study the structure of materials.

Nanotechnology positions are likely to overlap with careers in condensed matter physics. Nanotech controls matter on an atomic scale and deals with structures smaller than 10 -7 meters. In 2000, scientists at IBM reported the micro-fabrication of an electronic chip for high-speed data storage. Another example of nanotechnology is using carbon nanotubes (a form of carbon) to make nanomotors. IBM scientists recently reported using a combination of atomic force microscopy (high-resolution scanning probe microscopy) and MRI to get images of viruses with a resolution of better than 10 -8 meters.

Click the link to view our Condensed Matter Physics Job Openings

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[SERIOUS] What is the scope of doing PhD in Physics from institutes like IISc, TIFR, IISER, IIA, IITs etc. ? Will that be enough to get a job as a University lecturer ? What are the scopes for it? Science/Technology

myquals I like Physics. But since I am from a middle class family, my parents (father is retired but gets a pension), who are aged, tell me to get a job rather than go for MSc & PhD. as scope for physics is not here in India. I have done BTech. and yes, I found that Engineers can switch to Physics. Please help!

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How to Become a Physicist after 12th: Career Guide, Courses, After 12th, Eligibility, Skills, Benefits, Salary

Ahana Bhaduri

Content Writer

Physicists are scientists who explore the fundamental principles governing the behaviour of matter and energy in the universe. They use mathematical models, experiments, and observations to understand natural phenomena like subatomic particles and the cosmos.

A candidate can  become a Physicist  after Class 12th himself with a bachelor's degree related to Physics. The more advanced job profiles can be grabbed by getting a master's or doctorate degree in Physics. Some of the programs to become a Physicist are  B.Sc Physics , B.Sc (Hons) Physics, M.Sc Physics, and PhD. Physics.

The average annual salary of a Physicist is around INR 5.76 LPA. The starting salary is estimated at INR 2.88 LPA and the highest package at INR 11.16 LPA. The scope of this field extends to the government as well as to the non-government sectors. Nuclear Power Plants, Space stations, Research and development, Universities, etc. are some of the top recruiters of Physicists in India.

Table of Contents

How to Become a Physicist after 12th: Quick Facts

Eligibility to become a physicist after 12th, steps to become a physicist after 12th, physicist courses.

4.1 Entrance Exams

Top Physicist Colleges

• Skills required to become a Physicist
• Benefits of Becoming a Physicist

Salary of a Physicist

• How to become a Physicist after 12th: FAQs

To become a Physicist, one must meet certain eligibility criteria. General eligibility criteria are given below.

• Candidate must have passed 10+2 in Science Stream with Mathematics with at least 60% marks.
• Candidates must possess a degree in Physics with a minimum of 60% marks. Ph.D. is preferred however, a bachelor's or master’s degree may also help the candidate to become a junior Physicist and grab an entry-level physicist job.

To become a Physicist, candidates must follow certain steps in sequential order after completing their 10+2. 

• Candidates must clear their Class 12 exam having Physics as the major subject with at least 60% marks.
• Candidates must enroll themselves for a bachelor's degree in Physics or applied physics and complete it with at least 60% marks.
• Candidates must pursue internships and develop research and analytical skills.
• Candidates can also pursue Masters's degree in Physics and complete it with at least 60% marks.
• Candidates can apply for an entry-level job in the field of physics.
• Candidates should clear JRF from UGC or CSIR.
• Candidates must join and complete some research projects during their studies.
• Candidates can also consider pursuing a Ph.D. in Physics and start working as a researcher in various organizations like BARC, ISRO, DRDO, etc.

There are certain courses that a student can choose to become a Physicist. Those have been mentioned in the table below.

Entrance Exams

Admission to the courses specific to Physicist is usually based on the entrance exam. Some of the basic entrance exams that are cleared by students are JEE Mains, JEE Advanced, JEST, and GATE.

There are numerous colleges and institutions that provide courses in Physics. Some of the top colleges are listed below in the table.

Skills Required to Become a Physicist

Candidates aspiring to become a Physicist must possess a combination of certain technical as well as soft skills. Some of the most prominent skills needed for this job profile are listed below in the table.

Benefits of Becoming a Physicist after 12th

Some of the key benefits that come along after becoming a Physicist are listed below.

• Potential for international collaboration and networking with esteemed researchers and opportunity to explore diverse areas within physics, such as astrophysics, quantum mechanics, and particle physics.
• High demand for physicists in various industries, including technology, research centres, healthcare, and energy.
• Potential to make a positive impact on society through advancements in technology and healthcare by having access to state-of-the-art research facilities and equipment.
• Possibility of receiving prestigious awards and recognition for significant contributions to the field and a chance to inspire and educate future generations of scientists and researchers.

Physicist salaries in India vary based on experience, location, and sector. The average annual salary of a Physicist is around INR 48,000 per month. 

How to Become a Physicist after 12th: FAQs

Ques. What are the educational requirements to become a physicist?

Ans.  The candidate must hold a bachelor's degree in Physics or a related field at the earliest stage and can proceed in his career to the doctorate level.

Ques. What is the age limit for becoming a physicist?

Ans.  There is no age limit for becoming a physicist however, the earlier you step into this field, you will be able to get more benefits.

Ques. What skills are required to become a physicist?

Ans.  Becoming a physicist demands an upgraded level of research and analytical skills along with mathematical reasoning.

Ques. How can I outstand in this career?

Ans.  Internships and additional Certification courses can help you outstand in this field.

Ques. What is the average annual salary of a physicist?

Ans.  A physicist can earn up to INR 48,000 per month on average.

Ques. Can a physicist gain global identification?

Ans.  Yes, In every research field you can gain global identification with your hard work and dedication.

Ques. Is it necessary to pursue a PhD for becoming a physicist?

Ans.  A physicist doesn't need to have a Ph.D. in general but it is preferred if you want to go in the research field.

Ques. Can I transition from a different field to become a physicist?

Ans.  Yes, it is possible to transition, but it may require additional coursework and dedication to gain the necessary physics knowledge and experience.

Ques. What are some career options for physicists?

Ans.  Physicists can work in academia, research institutions, government agencies, and private industries such as technology, engineering, and healthcare.

Ques. Is there any specific math knowledge required for studying physics?

Ans.  Yes, a strong grasp of mathematics, including calculus, algebra, and differential equations, is essential for success in physics.

Ques. How can I prepare for a career in physics while still in high school?

Ans.  Focus on taking advanced math and science courses, participate in science fairs, and consider internships or programs at local research institutions.

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Ph.d. (mathematics), ph.d. (biotechnology), ph.d. (zoology), ph.d. (botany), ph.d. (english), master of science [ms], bachelor of science [b.sc] (physics), ph.d. (physics) colleges in india.

IIT Madras - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITM]

IIT Delhi - Indian Institute of Technology [IITD]

IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITB]

IIT Kharagpur - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITKGP]

IIT Kanpur - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITK]

IIT Roorkee - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITR]

BITS Pilani (Pilani Campus)

IIT Guwahati - Indian Institute of Technology - [IITG]

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What After NISER: Placement After NISER

Are you a Class 12th student with a keen interest in the sciences? Have you heard about the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) and wondered what lies ahead after completing your education there? If yes, this article is for you. Here, we will explain the various opportunities and pathways that are available to a National Institute of Science Education and Research student. Many students have queries regarding placements and research opportunities. Here, we will provide you with valuable insights to help you make informed decisions about your future.

Table of Contents:-

• What is NISER and its Significance?
• Is there any Placement Cell In NISER?
• What are the research opportunities?
• Can I become a Scientist?
• How to get a Ph.D.?
• What about Industrial Jobs?
• Association with DRDO
• International Opportunities
• Civil Services and MBA

1. What is NISER and its Significance?

NISER, short for the National Institute of Science Education and Research, is an autonomous institute in India that offers integrated five-year programs in various fields of science. With a focus on research and innovation, National Institute of Science Education and Research  aims to nurture the scientific curiosity and talent of its students. Established in 2007, National Institute of Science Education and Research has quickly gained recognition as a premier institution for science education in the country.

2. Is There Any Placement Cell In NISER?

After completing their studies at NISER, students have a wide range of placement opportunities available to them. The institute has a dedicated placement cell that facilitates connections between students and potential employers. This placement cell was established in 2021. While National Institute of Science Education and Research does not conduct traditional campus placements like engineering or management institutes, it provides ample support and guidance to students seeking employment or further education.

Internships play a crucial role in shaping the career prospects of National Institute of Science Education and Research students. These internships, both within India and abroad, provide valuable hands-on experience and exposure to cutting-edge research. They also serve as a stepping stone to securing future job offers or admission to prestigious research institutes.

To further enhance their employability, NISER students are encouraged to participate in various workshops, seminars, and industry interactions throughout their academic journey . These activities not only broaden their knowledge but also enable them to develop essential skills and build professional networks.

3. What Are The Research Options After NISER?

Research is at the core of NISER’s mission, and the institute offers numerous opportunities for students to pursue their scientific interests. Upon graduation, students can choose to undertake research projects in collaboration with esteemed faculty members or pursue higher studies in renowned research institutions both in India and abroad.

National Institute of Science Education and Research has made strong ties with international universities and research organizations. This helps students in applying to international universities after their graduation for higher studies.  A NISER student has a better chance of securing fellowships, scholarships, and exchange programs as compared to students from other state universities.

4. Can I Become A Scientist After NISER?

Most of the students graduating from NISER become a Scientist. NISER students are actively recruited by the government agencies like BARC and DRDO . One can also look for reputed organizations like NASA and ISRO. However, many times, students need to complete their Ph.D. 

5. How To Get A Ph.D. After NISER?

Most of the students choose to do a Ph.D. after graduation. The National Institute of Science Education and Research prepares students well for a great PhD position both in India and Abroad. 

There are two things that help National Institute of Science Education and Research students secure a better PhD position than other normal colleges. First of all, this is an institute of national importance, and hence, it has a great reputation both in India and Abroad. The second thing is that the faculties at NISER have good connections, and their recommendation has great value.

PhD positions secured by NISER students are not limited to just India but also abroad. Many graduates have secured positions in well-reputed institutes such as MIT, Harvard, Oxford, Max Planck, etc. Stipends offered in these countries range between 10 lakh INR to 50 lakh INR.

6. What About Industrial Jobs?

While NISER’s focus is primarily on research and academia, the institute recognises the importance of bridging the gap between academia and the corporate world. To facilitate this transition, National Institute of Science Education and Research has been actively establishing collaborations with industry partners and organizing placement drives .

Companies from various sectors, including IT, pharmaceuticals, and data science , actively recruit NISER graduates. Industrial jobs are less popular.

7. What is the NISER’s Association with DRDO?

Are you a patriot who wants to contribute your knowledge of science to the development of national defense? If yes, then NISER is one of the best places for you. This institute has an association with DRDO. DRDO is a prominent organization in the Indian government, responsible for developing cutting-edge technologies to strengthen the nation’s defense capabilities.

NISER students have unique opportunities to contribute to defense research through internships, research projects, and collaborations with DRDO . This association not only provides students with a chance to work on critical defense projects but also opens doors to future employment within DRDO and other defense-related organizations.

8. What Are The International Opportunities?

NISER encourages its students to explore international opportunities and gain a global perspective on scientific research. The institute actively collaborates with international universities, research institutions, and organizations to facilitate exchange programs, joint research projects, and academic partnerships.

Through these collaborations, National Institute of Science Education and Research students can undertake short-term or long-term research internships abroad. This helps students explore different research experiences and use state-of-the-art facilities of not just their own institution but institutes from all across the globe. 

9. Civil Services And MBA Option

While research and industry placements dominate the career choices of National Institute of Science Education and Research graduates, some students opt for a less conventional path by pursuing a career in civil services. The civil services examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) offers opportunities to serve the nation in various administrative roles.

Students can also exit the research sector by appearing for exams like the CAT and pursuing an MBA.

10. What Are The Packages Offered?

The packages offered to the students differ based on what path they take. Below is a table containing information on the average amount that a NISER student can expect. Note that these figures are estimates and are based on the data collected from the alumnus.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, NISER offers many opportunities for students who are passionate about science and research. Although IITs are a better choice if you aim for high starting salaries, NISER is the place for science enthusiasts. From placements and internships to research collaborations and international experiences, National Institute of Science Education and Research equips its students with the skills, knowledge, and support needed to excel in research rather than corporate jobs. Whether you aspire to become a scientist, pursue a PhD, work in the industry, or make a difference in civil services, NISER provides a solid foundation for your journey. Academia and industry remain popular choices for NISER graduates. NISER fosters an environment that encourages innovation and creativity, providing students with the necessary skills and support to pursue entrepreneurial ventures. 

• How do I get into NISER?

NISER conducts a national-level exam called NEST. NEST is a national-level Computer-based Test comprising questions from physics, chemistry, biology, and math. At SciAstra, we offer the best courses that prepare you for NEST. We have 100+ selections in NISER. Click here to know more.

• What are the job opportunities after NISER?

National Institute of Science Education and Research students mostly opt for a PhD rather than a job. However, several industrial job options are available after graduation. Government jobs as Scientists in organizations like DRDO and BARC are also good options.

• Can I get into ISRO and NASA after NISER?

It is very competitive to get into NASA or ISRO , but National Institute of Science Education and Research students have an edge over other aspirants due to its reputation.

• What are the perks of being a NISER student?

NISER is an institute of national importance and has world-class facilities. Also, the students at NISER get DISHA and INSPIRE scholarships worth 60k to 80k per annum, with an additional grant of 20k for summer internships.

• Is there any placement cell in NISER?

Yes. A student placement cell was established in NISER in 2021.

• What is an Integrated M.Sc. Course?

Integrated M.Sc. is a five-year course. You will get an M.Sc. degree after completing the course.

SciAstra is a team of scientists and research scholars from the top research institutes around the world, like Oxford, Harvard, Cambridge, and so on. Our vision is to promote critical thinking and scientific temperament by helping students pursue careers in science.

We offer many free and paid courses where our mentors from the top research institutes like IISER , NISER , IACS , CMI , ISI , IISC Bangalore , etc., teach students in live classes, with study materials,  mock tests, books, and everything needed. We have taught more than 10,000 students already since 2021 and achieved over 1000 selections with AIR 1, 7,10, 12, and 13 in  IISc Bengaluru, IISERs, NISER, IACS, and so on.  If you are looking to prepare for IAT / NEST 2024, you can check out our courses and get access to live classes, recorded lectures, study material, mock tests, doubt-clearing classes, and much more!

To know more about us, click here OR download the SciAstra App from the Play Store and App Store!

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