phd schools for psychology

Offered by the Department of Psychology   , College of Arts and Sciences   , the Clinical Psychology (PhD) program is fully accredited by the American Psychological Association Committee on Accreditation (COA) and has been accredited since 1972. COA is part of the Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation (OPCA).

OPCA contact information is as follows:

Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002-4242 Phone: 202-336-5979 TDD/TTY: 202-336-6123 Fax: 202-336-5978 Email: [email protected] https://www.apa.org/ed/accreditation

Admission to the Program

In addition to meeting the minimum university requirements for graduate study, applicants must submit a completed graduate application form, three letters of recommendation, and copies of all college transcripts. The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General and Advanced Psychology tests are optional. Top applicants are invited for an interview, and the final selection is based on all information, including the interview. Students are admitted for full-time study only.

Degree Requirements

• Students admitted to the doctoral program in psychology but do not have an MA in psychology that have been accepted by the department must complete the degree requirements for the Psychology (MA)    (thesis option) before they can be awarded the doctorate
• One tool of research is required but does not result in course credit toward the degree. The tool requirement is defined as the dissemination of a research tool. Please see the program handbook for further information
• Two comprehensive examinations, which involve students in the kinds of activities they will later engage in as professional psychologists. One examination is written, the other oral. Please see the program handbook for further information
• Dissertation: A written proposal for the dissertation must be submitted and signed by the student’s dissertation committee before the student can apply for internship. The dissertation, when completed, must be accepted by the dissertation committee, the department chair, and the university
• As part of the doctoral requirements, clinical students serve a one-year externship and a one-year internship in an appropriate setting outside the university

Course Requirements

Required (54 credit hours).

Note: 3 credit hours of assessment coursework approved by the director of clinical training may be used as substitute for  PSYC-618 Principles of Neuropsychological Assessment (3)   . 

• PSYC-618 Principles of Neuropsychological Assessment (3)
• PSYC-621 Ethnic and Minority Issues in Psychology (3)
• PSYC-622 Stress, Coping, and Emotion (3)
• PSYC-630 Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice (3)
• PSYC-633 Psychological Assessment I (3)
• PSYC-641 Advanced Social Psychology (3)
• PSYC-650 Psychological Research (3)
• PSYC-652 Assessment of Intellectual Function and Personality (3)
• PSYC-660 Advanced Developmental Psychology (3)
• PSYC-680 Experiential/Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Practicum I (3)
• PSYC-681 Experiential/Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Practicum II (3)
• PSYC-710 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Practicum I (3)
• PSYC-711 Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Practicum II (3)
• PSYC-780 Advanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Youth I (3)
• PSYC-781 Advanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Youth II (3)
• PSYC-793 Advanced Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Practicum I (3)
• PSYC-794 Advanced Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Practicum II (3)
• PSYC-797 Master’s Thesis Research (1-3) (3 credit hours required)

Biological Bases of Behavior (3 credit hours)

Complete 3 credit hours from the following:

• PSYC-518 Advanced Human Neuropsychology (3)
• PSYC-601 Physiological Psychology (3)
• PSYC-613 Neuropharmacology: The Biochemistry of Behavior (3)

Cognitive Bases of Behavior (3 credit hours)

• PSYC-600 Advanced Memory and Cognition (3)
• PSYC-661 Early Cognitive and Brain Development (3)

Psychopathology (3 credit hours)

• PSYC-651 Psychopathology: Theory and Research (3)
• PSYC-658 Developmental Psychopathology (3)

Statistics (6 credit hours)

Complete 6 credit hours from the following:

• DATA-612 Statistical Programming in R (3)
• DATA-613 Data Science (3)
• GOVT-618 Bayesian Statistics (3)

 / STAT-618 Bayesian Statistics (3)  

• PSYC-640 Statistical Methods for Mediation and Moderation in Psychology (3)
• STAT-516 Design of Experiments (3)
• STAT-517 Special Topics in Statistical Methodology (3)
• STAT-519 Nonparametric Statistics (3)
• STAT-520 Applied Multivariate Analysis (3)
• STAT-521 Analysis of Categorical Data (3)
• STAT-522 Time-Series Analysis (3)
• STAT-615 Regression (3)
• STAT-616 Generalized Linear Models (3)
• STAT-622 Advanced Biostatistics (3)
• STAT-623 Topics in Biostatistics (3)
• STAT-625 Statistical Software (3)
• STAT-627 Statistical Machine Learning (3)

Electives (1 credit hours)

• PSYC-698 Directed Research (1-9)

Internship (0 credit hours)

Complete the following while away on internship (in addition to PSYC-899 Doctoral Dissertation (9)   ):

• PSYC-091 Internship (0) (taken 2-3 times)

Dissertation

• PSYC-899 Doctoral Dissertation (9) (only after advancement to candidacy)

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How to Get a PhD in Psychology (10 Steps)

A PhD in Psychology is the ultimate degree—a symbol of your commitment to the discipline and a representation of your knowledge and skills. Held by top-tier researchers, instructors in higher education, and clinical practitioners alike, a clinical psychology PhD may help you and the people and organizations you might one day serve. 1

While the benefits of a PhD in Psychology may be clear to you, how to go about earning this doctorate degree might feel confusing—until now.

Here’s how to get a PhD in Psychology, what to expect in a doctoral degree program, and what you might gain from obtaining one.

Start Your Journey

Step 1: Understand the PhD Path

A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, in Psychology is one of two of the highest degrees in the field of psychology. (The other is a PsyD , or Doctor of Psychology, a doctorate degree created in the 1970s to prepare students specifically for the rigors of working in clinical settings.) 2 A clinical psychology PhD may enable you to work in a variety of environments and a range of roles.

As such, earning this degree is an involved, immersive, and often exciting process that’s composed of: 3

• Statistics and methods
• Assessments 
• Clinical treatments

Coursework in a PhD program now frequently integrates discussions on psychology and technology , examining how digital advancements are transforming therapeutic methods and research techniques.

• Research – Research makes up the majority of the work you’ll do as a PhD student. Typically under the guidance of your mentor/dissertation advisor, you’ll delve into a topic of your choosing within the field. Examples of clinical psychology research topics include examining the effects of social media on teen suicide rates or the influence of childhood trauma on adult substance use disorder. Along the way, you’ll refine specific research skills: collecting and analyzing data, working with subjects/participating, and demonstrating your results.
• Clinical practicum and internships – Earning a PhD in Psychology also entails hands-on training in clinical practicums and/or internships. Generally speaking, you’ll perform an unpaid practicum for two years, followed by a one-year paid, clinical internship. 5 Precisely how you will fulfill this will depend on the program you choose, the opportunities within your community, and your concentration. A few examples include observing a clinical psychologist at a private practice, working with students at a university center, or conducting intakes at a substance abuse facility.
• Dissertation – Your dissertation is among the most important elements of your PhD program and the key to completing your degree. It serves several purposes: it illustrates your fluency in conducting research, demonstrates the knowledge you’ve gained in your PhD program, and adds an original contribution to existing psychology literature. 6

Step 2: Research Potential Programs

Finding the right PhD in Psychology program is paramount to your success. Researching potential programs is also one of the more thrilling aspects of pursuing a doctorate, but it needs to be approached strategically and mindfully. To that end, search for programs that, like the doctoral programs in psychology at Alliant International University, have received accreditation by the American Psychological Association (APA). 7

Accreditation essentially serves as a seal of approval and demonstrates to future employers, the general public, and licensing boards that you have the scientific knowledge required to work in the world of psychology.

Additionally, you may want to zero in on programs that:

• Feature faculty members who are at the top of their field and whose research interests reflect your own 8
• Offer the area of specialization you want to focus on, whether it’s clinical health psychology, multicultural community-clinical psychology, or family/child and couple psychology
• Promote work-life balance through online instruction, or a hybrid of online and in-person instruction and training
• Have a high attrition rate

Further, if you do opt for a program that demands in-person attendance and training, be sure that it’s geographically feasible for you. The cost of living in the area should also be factored into your decision. Lastly, if you’re an undergrad or just finishing up your master’s, consider asking the professors you trust and admire for program recommendations. 9

Step 3: Prepare Your Application

Application and admission requirements vary by institution. That said, most programs ask for: 10

• A completed application (along with the application fee)
• Official transcripts from your bachelor’s and/or master’s program with required credits
• CV or resume
• Letters of recommendation

Depending on the program you’ve selected, you may also need to submit GRE scores. Importantly, nearly all programs require a personal statement—a topic we’ll look at in more depth below. While a PhD equips you for high-level research and academic positions, you might wonder if you can be a clinical psychologist with a master's . Although possible, a PhD significantly broadens your professional scope.

Step 4: Gain Relevant Experience

Not only will obtaining relevant experience help strengthen your application package but it will also help you gain invaluable insights into the industry. It might also assist you in choosing a specialization, such as working one-on-one with trauma survivors or dedicating your professional life to neuropsychology research.

Fortunately, there are dozens of ways to get the type of experience that will help your application stand out from the competition: 11

• Research assistantships
• Volunteering at a mental health clinic
• Shadowing a clinical psychologist or substance abuse counselor
• Working for a crisis hotline

Keep in mind that some PhD in Psychology programs require a minimum amount of relevant experience before you can apply. In fact, the Association for Psychological Science (APS) asserts that doctoral applicants usually accrue two to three years of research experience before applying to graduate school. 12 All of this emphasizes the importance of conducting thorough research on your schools of interest.

Step 5: Submit Strong Letters of Recommendation

Letters of recommendation are a crucial component of your doctoral application. In fact, some state that your letters of recommendation are more important to the decision process than grades. 13

Usually, they’re written by former professors and/or former employers or psychology professionals you’ve interned for or shadowed.

Be sure to request letters of recommendation from those with whom you have a visible track record. In addition, request letters well ahead of your application deadline, even as much as a year in advance of when you think you’ll start applying for your doctoral program.

Talk to Our Advisors

Step 6: Craft a Compelling Personal Statement

Almost every doctorate in psychology program requires a personal statement. As one of the most critical elements of your application (some indicate that it’s more important than your GRE scores and GPA), it should describe, in detail, your: 14

• Interest in the particular program you’re applying to and why
• Academic and research objectives
• Research and field experience and how they align with the particular program
• Intended area of specialization

Experts consulted by the APA also advise against using three things in your personal statement: humor, hyperbole, and “hard luck,” such as describing the obstacles you’ve overcome.

Step 7: Ace the Interview

Happen to receive an interview offer? Congratulations—your application clearly stood out!

The interview process may start with what’s known as a pre-interview, or a brief conversation to evaluate your fit with the program and department. 15 This may be followed by an on-campus interview that asks basic questions, such as the impact you hope your PhD project has and why you believe you’re the right candidate, as well as more precise questions prompted by your specific experience. 16

One of the best ways to make a solid, lasting impression is to create a bulleted list of your research interests. Practicing answers to the questions you anticipate ahead of time can also help ensure a smoother dialogue. And remember: you’ll be interviewing for the program, too.

Step 8: Consider Funding Options

The financial assistance you may receive will likely be an enormous determining factor in the program you choose. As discussed, funding may arrive in the form of:

• Grants 
• Scholarships
• Tuition remission
• Employer tuition reimbursement

Alliant International University, for example, has several forms of funding options available to doctoral candidates—those listed above, as well as fellowship assistantships .

Step 9: Plan Your Coursework and Dissertation

Once you’re accepted into a program, you should select your area of specialization, plot out your coursework, and choose your dissertation topic.

The APA notes that doctoral candidates should ideally land on a dissertation topic within the first year or two of their program. 17 Why? Because it will give your program enhanced focus and a guiding theme.

To jumpstart your thinking:

• Consult with instructors who are active in cutting-edge psychology research 
• Assess your topic’s viability and manageability (and if it will serve as an original contribution to existing research)
• Pinpoint the problems and questions you foresee and how you will approach them

Above all, be sure to choose a topic that will sustain your interest and excitement throughout the duration of your program. Earning a PhD in Psychology is a time-intensive commitment. Four to six years is about how long it takes to get a psychology PhD, but it varies by person based on how they balance their personal schedules with coursework, research, and clinical training.

Step 10: Engage in Professional Development Opportunities

One of the biggest benefits of obtaining a PhD in Psychology? The connections you may be able to make, such as through your internship and clinical practicum, as well as psychology conferences and seminars.

Yet, some of the strongest relationships you build might be right inside your program. And this brings us to our final piece of advice: consider choosing a program that features a warm and supportive faculty and a diverse collection of students who will motivate you throughout your academic journey—and beyond.

Your Path Begins Here

At Alliant International University, our PhD in Clinical Psychology program features a faculty that will challenge you in the best possible way alongside a nurturing, engaging learning environment.

Enrich your knowledge and prepare to make a lasting difference in the field of psychology. Apply today and start your journey.

Sources: 

• “What Can You Do with a Doctorate in Psychology?” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, March 18, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/resources/jobs-with-a-doctorate-in-psycholog… ;
• Cherry, Kendra. “PsyD vs. Phd in Psychology: Which Is Right for You?” Verywell Mind, October 27, 2023. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-psyd-2795135.  
• “Psychology Doctorate Phd Defined: Explore Academic, Internship and Research Requirements for a Psychology Phd.” Psychologist, March 24, 2021. https://www.psychologist-license.com/types-of-psychologists/psychologist-doctorate-phd/.  
• “Daily Activities of a Clinical Psychology Phd Student.” Simply Mental Health, November 13, 2022. https://simplymentalhealth.ca/2022/11/13/daily-activities-of-a-clinical-psychology-phd-student/.  
• “Internships and Practicums.” Psychology.org | Psychology’s Comprehensive Online Resource, April 10, 2024. https://www.psychology.org/resources/internships-and-practicums/.  
• Herbert, Robyn S, Spencer C Evans, Jessy Guler, and Michael C Roberts. “Predictors of Dissertation Publication in Clinical and Counseling Psychology.” Training and education in professional psychology, November 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9635593 .
•  “APA-Accredited Programs.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://accreditation.apa.org/accredited-programs#.  
• “Choosing a Graduate Program.” Association for Psychological Science - APS. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/members/apssc/undergraduate_update/summer-2011/choosing-a-graduate-program.  
• “Clinch Your Graduate School Acceptance.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2007/11/cover-acceptance.  
• “Best Doctorate in Psychology Degree Programs of 2024.” Intelligent, April 3, 2024. https://www.intelligent.com/best-doctorate-in-psychology-programs/.  
• 14 ways to get clinical psychology work experience | indeed.com UK. Accessed April 18, 2024. https://uk.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/clinical-psychology-work-experience.  
• “Rockin’ Recommendations.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/features/2009/recommendation.  
• “Preparing Your Personal Statement for Graduate School Applications.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psn/2016/09/graduate-school-applications.  
• To ace your interview for doctoral psychology admission. Accessed April 22, 2024. https://mitch.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4922/2021/12/PsiChiI… ;
• Top 10 common Phd interview questions and answers. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/common-phd-interview-questions.  
• “Starting the Dissertation.” American Psychological Association. Accessed April 21, 2024. https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2005/01/starting.&nbsp ;

David Stewart

Dean, California School of Professional Psychology

David G. Stewart, PhD, ABPP, is a board-certified clinical child and adolescent psychologist and Dean of the California School of...

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College of Education

School psychology doctoral program.

The University of Houston's School Psychology doctoral program is home to faculty and students committed to impacting the academic, behavioral and social-emotional functioning of children. Our faculty teaches students how to apply the core principles of school psychology inside and outside of schools. They challenge students to develop innovative solutions that connect the systems in which children and their families exist.

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• Mission & Values
• Student Profiles
• Graduate Profiles
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About the Program

Our goal: Develop professional school psychologists who are engaged in applied research and ecologically sensitive evidence-based practice. To accomplish this, the School Psychology program adheres to a scientist-practitioner training model, and students learn to conceptualize according to an ecological-behavioral theoretical model. We aim to instill an awareness of diversity issues into our students, a task made easier considering the University of Houston’s status as one of our nation’s most culturally and linguistically diverse research institutions. That diversity extends to the program itself: almost one-half of our doctoral students claim non-Caucasian ancestry.

Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation American Psychological Association 750 First Street NE Washington D.C. 20002-4242 Phone: (202) 336-5979 TDD/TTY: (202) 336-6123 Fax: (202) 336-5978 [email protected]

• Accredited by the American Psychological Association
• Approved by the National Association of School Psychologists
• 5 - 6 years to complete program without transferable graduate credit
• 4 - 5 years to complete program with prior graduate credit
• School Psychology Student Handbook
• Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data
• UH Graduate School

What will I learn while attending the school psychology program?

• Scholarly inquiry, research, writing and presentation skills
• Application of critical analysis and inquiry to existing research and the ability to identify, select, implement and evaluate evidence-based practices.
• Sensitivity to ecological, diverse and developmental considerations and concern for client preferences
• Exposure and supervised experience with diverse populations, conditions, professionals, settings and procedures.
• Understanding of the scientist-practitioner model which emphasizes an integrated, hierarchical sequence of coursework, practica, internship and research experiences

What can I do with my degree?

A doctoral degree in School Psychology prepares graduates for professional work as psychologists in academic and non-academic positions. Students who complete the program are prepared to apply for the following credentials:

• Licensed Psychologist
• Licensed Specialist in School Psychology
• National Certified School Psychologist
• Designation as a Health Service Provider by the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology
• Diplomate in School Psychology.

School Psychology Faculty

The following is a list of current school psychology faculty:, dr. jorge e. gonzalez.

School Psychology

Faculty Profile | Email

Dr. Kristen Hassett

Dr. elizabeth jelsma, dr. milena keller-margulis, dr. michael matta, dr. sarah s. mire.

Associate Professor — School Psychology

Dr. Bradley H. Smith

• PHLS Homepage
• Our Programs

The School Psychology faculty's research ranges from Autism Spectrum Disorder and language development to student assessments and multilingual classrooms. Visit the PHLS Research Portal to learn more about our diverse interests and discover faculty pursuing answers to the questions that matter to you.

Feel free to contact faculty directly to learn more about their research. You can find contact information in the Research Portal or by visiting the COE Faculty Directory .

• PHLS Research Portal

Financial Aid

All School Psychology doctoral students are encouraged to apply for scholarships through the UH and the College of Education. To learn more about how to fund your graduate studies, visit the Graduate Funding page .

Graduate Tuition Fellowship

Graduate Tuition Fellowship (GTF) provides tuition remission for 9 credit hours, during the academic year, to students who enroll in at least 9 credit hours. During the summer term, GTFs are contingent upon available budget. Not all years in the graduate program may be covered by this program.

Assistantships

Graduate appointments are usually available to students during the first two years of graduate studies. The program doesn't cover mandatory fees or course fees. Not all years in the graduate program are covered by this program. 

To learn more about funding your education, contact the COE's College of Graduate Studies at  [email protected]  or call 713-743-7676.

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Houston, Texas

Houston is the fourth largest city in the United States and one of the nation's most diverse cities. This fact benefits our students and faculty both personally and professionally. Home to more than 100 different nationalities and where more than 60 different languages are spoken, Houston is the perfect environment to practice what you're learning in the classroom. The city also boasts more than 12,000 theater seats and 11,000 diverse restaurants featuring cuisines from around the globe (Don't know where to start? Just ask a Houstonian, and they're sure to bombard you with at least a dozen places to eat.) 

Houston is bustling with culture, energy and offers something for everyone inside and outside the classroom.

(Background photo: “ Metropolis ” by eflon is licensed under CC BY 2.0 .)

• Student Housing & Residential Life
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Ready to Apply?

Are you ready to apply to the University of Houston School Psychology doctoral program ? Yes? You can learn more about the application process by visiting the College of Education's Graduate Admissions page  or jump right into the application process by visiting the UH's How to Apply to Graduate School page .

If you need more information about the School Psychology program, we are here to help. You can always contact the COE Office of Graduate Studies by phone at 713-743-7676  or by email .

The School Psychology doctoral program is a member of UH's Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences department .

Program Director:  Dr. Brad Smith

UH College of Education Stephen Power Farish Hall 3657 Cullen Blvd., Room 491 Houston, TX 77204-5023

Undergraduate: [email protected] or 713-743-5000 Graduate: [email protected] or 713-743-7676 General: [email protected] or 713-743-5010

Nevada Today

Clinical psychology graduate program ranked 70th in the country, rankings provided by u.s. news & world report put the university of nevada, reno program in the top 100 in the u.s..

The clinical psychology program offers students opportunities for training in a clinical setting through the Psychological Services Center.

The U.S. News & World Report recently released rankings for the best graduate school programs in the country, and the University of Nevada, Reno’s Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program ranked 70th out of over 200 programs in the nation.

“We are very pleased with the recognition by U.S. News & World Report of our excellent program. We are also pleased that the program is continuing an impressive upward trajectory with the recent hiring of several top clinical scientists,” said Michael Crognale, chair of the Department of Psychology.

“I’m so proud of our faculty, who work hard to ensure that our students have access to a top-tier education,” said Louisa Hope-Weeks, dean of the College of Science.

Related Program

• Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology

The clinical psychology program provides students with training opportunities through the University’s Psychological Services Center. Graduate students work, under faculty supervision, to help patients with science-backed psychological support. The Psychological Services Center offers low-cost mental health treatment for a variety of backgrounds and needs and offers services in Spanish. The clinical psychology program has been accredited by the American Psychological Association since 1972.

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Best Online Master’s in Psychology Programs for 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic helped highlight the importance of personal health and wellbeing. A master’s degree in psychology is a necessary step for people who are interested in becoming a psychologist after completing a doctorate degree, or it can qualify you for a growing number of other career opportunities. And an online program offers flexibility to build your interpersonal skill set and advance your degree—while still working. Fortune ranked nine online master’s degree programs in psychology. This ranking was last updated May 2022.

MA in Psychology from Pepperdine

1. Pepperdine University

• ACCEPTANCE RATE
• AVERAGE UNDERGRADUATE GPA
• CREDITS REQUIRED TO GRADUATE

2. Ball State University

3. Kansas State University

Pepperdine’s Online MAP

4. keiser university.

5. Regent University

6. divine mercy university, 7. angelo state university.

8. Golden Gate University

• $1,090 per credit

9. University of Louisiana–Monroe

• $499 per credit

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Psychology Ph.D. students tap bartenders, musicians to help address opioid misuse

The opioid epidemic has been on the rise in South Carolina for more than a decade. In both Richland and Lexington Counties, more than 100 people died from opioid overdoses in 2022. Statewide, more than 2,200 people died from unintentional overdose that same year.

Now, two University of South Carolina graduate students have recruited a new group of professionals to help offset the epidemic: Columbia’s local bartenders.

“We often hear this joke on sitcoms: ‘I don't see a therapist; I have a bartender,’” says Sarah Grace Frary, a doctoral student in USC’s clinical community psychology program.

“While it’s ideal for people to have access to trained professionals, our mental health systems are overstretched. So, I thought it could be helpful to equip communities with the resources that they need to meet the opioid crisis where it's at.”

Together with Jessica Pomerantz, another doctoral student in the program, Frary is studying how community members such as bartenders can intervene when they see opioid misuse happen at their venues.

“These are people who have closer proximity to substance use and are often very trusted members of their community. There is potential for them to communicate with others about concerns related to substance misuse,” Frary says.

One of the biggest challenges with harm reduction efforts in the hospitality community so far has been getting people to keep Narcan on site.

With grants from the American Psychological Association, Frary and Pomerantz have led focus groups to learn about the experiences of bartenders, musicians and others in the entertainment and hospitality industries.

After each focus group, they train participants on how to use Narcan, an emergency medication for opioid overdose. They also teach them about fentanyl test strips, which can alert an individual if fentanyl, a potent synthetic opioid, has been mixed into a substance.

By gathering data from these conversations, they hope to identify ways that establishments can offer support and resources for their staff.

Equipped to fight opioid misuse by USC fellowship

Frary and Pomerantz were both fellows of USC’s Integrated Care for Recovery center, or the I-CaRe center, which is directed by Sayward Harrison, an associate professor in the Department of Psychology.

The one-year fellowship trains future psychologists in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder and places students in externships with community partners. Frary says the fellowship also helped her reconnect with community-based research, which was one of the main reasons she chose USC for graduate school.

She was in the first cohort of the program, which launched in 2022 with a federal grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration. By 2025, the program will have trained 18 fellows to help bridge the gap in professionals to help combat the opioid epidemic in the state and the nation.

Jessica Pomerantz joined the fellowship in its second year. She says the training will help her reach her goal of becoming a therapist working specifically with people employed in the food and beverage industries.

For Pomerantz, the focus groups are especially personal because she is a part of the local bartending community.

“I've been bartending since I was old enough to obtain a job, basically. It's been my family,” she says. “Hospitality has always been something very near and dear to my heart.

Pomerantz worked at some of the top bars in New York City and placed first in a national competition for women bartenders. When she moved to South Carolina to go to USC, she continued bartending and helped local restaurants develop their cocktail menus.

As an insider in the local hospitality industry, Pomerantz helped Frary get community buy-in for the project.

“One of the biggest challenges with harm reduction efforts in the hospitality community so far has been getting people to keep Narcan on site,” she says. “It’s kind of like, if you keep it, you're admitting you have a problem in your space.”

But Pomerantz says the problem of substance misuse hits close to home for many who work in the industry. She has also seen firsthand the deadly effects of opioid overdose in her own community.

“It would be hard for you to find a hospitality industry person who doesn't know someone who's overdosed. It's been a huge issue and it's getting to be more common than I think anyone's comfortable with,” she says.

The measure of success in fighting the opioid epidemic

Experts say that distributing Narcan widely has likely helped curb deaths from opioids in the last year. In fact, preliminary data from the Center for Disease Control predicts that 2023 saw the nation’s first drop in overdose deaths since 2018, with a decline of more than 6 percent in South Carolina that year. 2024 is looking even better for the state, with an predicted decline of 7 percent.

Harrison says she is proud the I-CaRe center is part of that progress, and she hopes to continue the work with a renewal of their grant funding in coming years.

“Since launching the fellowship, we’ve integrated our psychology trainees into many different settings, ranging from outpatient clinics at Prisma Health to The Courage Center, a recovery community organization, to a new school-based prevention program and online training modules for school nurses and other professionals,” Harrison says.

“We have to tackle this problem from multiple angles, and the fellows have brought so much innovation to their work in the community and the state, including policy-based research and novel community interventions.”

While the data may indicate that the work is making an impact on the state, Pomerantz says she uses a different number to measure success: zero.

“I’m thankful that I haven't had any friends die of an overdose in the last year,” she says. “That's what we call a win in our community. That's how I think about it, but it breaks my heart to say it out loud.”

Additional Resources

• South Carolina residents can find more information about how to access Narcan and fentanyl test strips from the South Carolina Department of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Services (DAODAS).
• For USC students, Gamecock Recovery is an excellent resource for connecting to an array of tools and services to reduce harms associated with substance use.
• USC is a designated a community distributor of naloxone through DAODAS. You can get a supply of Narcan for free at the SAPE Office, Suite 301B in the Wellness & Fitness Center, during weekday business hours.
• Learn how to get a supply of Narcan and training on when and how to use it.

Banner image courtesy of Jessica Pomerantz.

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Criminal Psychology vs. Forensic Psychology: Which to Choose?

Author: University of North Dakota June 20, 2024

If you've ever watched an episode of "Criminal Minds," "CSI" or a similar TV show, you're likely aware of the fascinating intersection between psychology and law and its importance in solving crimes.

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Fields like criminal psychology and forensic psychology epitomize this junction, offering exciting roles that blend psychological expertise with law enforcement efforts. 

However, although these two fields share some similarities, they differ significantly in practice and focus. So, read on as we compare criminal psychology vs. forensic psychology and learn more about these career paths and how they diverge.

What is Criminal Psychology?

Criminal psychology is a specialized branch of psychology that focuses on understanding the thoughts, intentions, actions and reactions of individuals who engage in criminal behavior. This field encompasses the psychological assessment of people within the criminal justice system, aiming to understand their behavior and predict potential future offenses. 

Criminal psychologists aid the justice system by analyzing criminal minds to identify patterns, motivations or triggers for criminal actions. Their insights help in developing effective methods for profiling and apprehending offenders.

What is Forensic Psychology?

Forensic psychology unites psychology and the legal system, applying psychological principles and scientific methods to solve legal issues. This field involves assessing a wide range of individuals in the legal system, including suspects, victims and witnesses, to understand their psychological state and its impact on their behavior and testimonies.

Forensic psychologists are often called upon to provide expert opinions in various legal contexts, such as family law disputes, civil litigations, insurance claims and criminal proceedings. Their work is crucial in helping legal professionals understand how psychological factors can affect the outcomes of cases.

Similarities Between Criminal Psychology vs. Forensic Psychology

While distinct in their specific applications, criminal psychology and forensic psychology share a common foundation in their use of psychological principles to address issues within the legal system. Both fields require practitioners to possess a robust understanding of human behavior and the skills to assess mental states, which are critical in interpreting the actions and motivations of individuals involved in legal cases.

Another key similarity is their frequent interaction with the legal system. Both criminal and forensic psychologists often provide expert testimony in courtrooms, helping judges and juries understand the psychological elements of a case. Moreover, professionals in both fields employ similar methodologies in their work to develop psychological profiles that can aid law enforcement investigations.

Differences Between Forensic Psychology vs. Criminal Psychology

Despite the similarities between criminal psychology and forensic psychology and their shared goal of applying psychological insights to assist the legal system, there are significant differences that distinguish these two fields.

Forensic psychology education typically starts at the undergraduate level with a bachelor's degree in psychology, criminology or a related field. Following this, individuals interested in advancing their knowledge and opening up more career opportunities may pursue a master's in forensic psychology .

Ultimately, to practice as a forensic psychologist, most professionals must acquire a doctoral degree in psychology specializing in forensic issues. This level of specialized education is necessary to gain deep insights into the complex interplay between psychology and law, preparing them to handle intricate cases involving mental health and legal questions effectively. 

For those looking to specialize further or aim for higher-tier positions, a certificate in forensic psychology offers a targeted approach to enhancing expertise and pivoting professional focus toward forensic applications.

Similarly, education for criminal psychologists starts with an undergraduate degree, which can be in psychology or a related field. For example, a bachelor's degree in forensic science offers a specialized focus on the scientific and investigative aspects relevant to criminal psychology. 

Advancing in the field typically requires graduate-level training. A master's degree in psychology focusing on criminology or criminal psychology deepens understanding of criminal minds and behaviors. This specialized training includes courses in psychological profiling, the psychology of law enforcement and the treatment of criminal populations.

Forensic psychologists must possess a broad set of skills tailored to navigating the complexities of legal cases and the dynamics of the courtroom, such as:

• Proficiency in understanding legal procedures, terminology and the overall legal system
• The ability to make informed decisions that adhere to both psychological and legal ethical standards
• Skill in presenting psychological findings effectively and credibly in a courtroom setting
• Expertise in conducting thorough psychological evaluations in a legal context
• Ability to provide immediate psychological support in emergencies within the legal system

On the other hand, criminal psychologists require an even deeper understanding of criminal behavior theories and the ability to apply these theories in real-world settings. Their skillset typically includes:

• Ability to create detailed profiles of potential offenders based on behavioral patterns and psychological theories
• Skill in conducting interviews with suspects, victims and witnesses to extract crucial information
• Deep knowledge of theories of criminal behavior and the psychological factors that influence criminality
• Skills in using statistical tools to analyze data and identify trends in criminal behavior
• Capability to manage personal emotions and remain effective when dealing with criminal cases

Roles and Responsibilities

Both forensic and criminal psychologists play significant roles in the justice system. They each contribute in unique but complementary ways to address various issues at the intersection of psychology and law.

Although their exact responsibilities depend on their role and the case they are handling, forensic psychologists typically are in charge of:

• Assessing individuals to determine their mental capacity to stand trial
• Evaluating the likelihood of an individual reoffending and providing these assessments to courts to inform sentencing and parole decisions
• Providing specialized knowledge in court regarding mental health issues that affect legal decisions, such as the insanity defense
• Offering psychological support to victims of crime, helping them cope with the trauma and emotional aftermath

On the other hand, criminal psychologists apply their understanding of psychological principles to criminal behavior through the following responsibilities: 

• Developing profiles of offenders to assist law enforcement in narrowing down suspects and understanding the motivations behind crimes
• Working alongside police in criminal investigations to provide insights that might affect the direction of the investigation
• Advising on techniques for interviewing suspects and witnesses based on psychological principles and behavioral cues
• Researching criminal behavior, recidivism and other related topics to develop more effective crime prevention and management methods

Work Environment

Forensic psychologists are often found in courtrooms, providing expert testimony or assisting in legal proceedings. Their work also takes them to law firms collaborating on case strategies and to government agencies advising on policy and criminal justice issues. 

On the other hand, criminal psychologists typically work closely with law enforcement agencies, in prisons or juvenile facilities implementing rehabilitation programs and as consultants for private firms or independently, applying their expertise to criminal cases and providing training in criminal psychology.

Salary and Job Outlook

The job outlook for psychologists, including specialties such as forensic and criminal psychology, is projected to grow by 6% from 2022 to 2032, faster than the average for all occupations. Over the decade, about 12,800 job openings for psychologists are expected, many of which will arise from the need to replace professionals who retire or transition to other occupations.

Despite their differing work environments and responsibilities, both professions share a similar compensation level, with the average forensic psychologist's salary and criminal psychologist's salary being around $92,813. This indicates the high value placed on their expertise and the critical nature of their work.

Criminal Psychology vs. Forensic Psychology: Which Should You Choose?

Deciding whether to pursue a criminal or forensic psychology career largely depends on your passions and how you envision your contributions to society. If the legal system intrigues you and you appreciate both the complexities of law and psychology, forensic psychology might be your ideal choice. Conversely, criminal psychology could be a better fit if you're drawn to understanding what drives criminal behavior and how to prevent and solve crimes.

To make an informed decision, it's crucial to engage in introspection. Consider what excites you the most about each field, your skills and where you can best apply them. Additionally, speaking with professionals currently working in these fields can provide valuable insights. 

Volunteering or securing internships in both areas can also be extremely beneficial in helping you determine which specialty aligns more closely with your interests and career aspirations.

Whether you're considering a career in criminal psychology or forensic psychology or you're simply curious about their roles, it's essential to understand the distinctions that define and separate these disciplines. So, the key difference lies in their focus areas—criminal psychology primarily deals with understanding criminal behavior to aid law enforcement, while forensic psychology often involves directly interacting with the legal system to address various psychological aspects of legal cases.

At UND, our psychology department has been nurturing minds in this field for over 100 years , helping students achieve success in these and other specialized areas of psychology. We invite you to explore these fields with us, where a rich history of academic excellence promises to enrich your educational journey.

Can I pursue a career in criminal psychology or forensic psychology with a general psychology degree? ( Open this section)

Yes, you can start a career in criminal or forensic psychology with a general psychology degree, but specialized training or further education in these fields is often required to advance and fulfill specific role requirements.

How competitive is criminal psychology? ( Open this section)

Criminal psychology is a highly competitive field due to its specialized nature and the limited number of positions available, particularly those involving direct work with law enforcement agencies.

Are forensic psychologists and criminal profilers the same? ( Open this section)

No, forensic psychologists and criminal profilers are not the same; forensic psychologists focus on applying psychological principles in legal contexts, often conducting assessments and providing expert testimony, while criminal profilers specifically analyze crime scene evidence and behavior to predict and profile criminal activity.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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